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Sodium ChlorideChloridesSodiumChloride ChannelsSodium Chloride, DietarySodium Chloride SymportersSaline Solution, HypertonicSodium ChannelsSodium BicarbonateSodium, DietaryVinyl ChlorideOsmolar ConcentrationCalcium ChloridePotassium ChlorideDiet, Sodium-RestrictedHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIsotonic SolutionsTasteSucroseSodium LactatePolyvinyl ChlorideElectrolytesSodium IsotopesPotassiumTaste ThresholdFood PreservationFood PackagingSodium NitriteSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 3Water-Electrolyte BalanceBicarbonatesBromidesWaterOsmosisMercuric ChlorideCulture MediaPotassium CompoundsMeat ProductsHypertonic SolutionsCetylpyridiniumCitric AcidKidneyMannitolSolutionsMethylene ChlorideKineticsSaltsTemperatureGitelman SyndromeAmmonium ChlorideLithium ChlorideDrug StorageSodium Channel BlockersOsmotic PressureFurosemideTime FactorsBiological Transport, ActiveSodium Dodecyl SulfateLoop of HenleBlood PressureFood PreservativesNatriuresisCitratesDrinkingBenzalkonium CompoundsAcid-Base EquilibriumQuinineMembrane PotentialsDrug StabilityDose-Response Relationship, DrugTaste PerceptionElectrolysisMolecular WeightSodium CompoundsBiological TransportAttitude to DeathCalciumGlycolsOuabainKidney TubulesHypotonic SolutionsRats, Inbred StrainsDiuresisPhotometryHydrochloric AcidUreaKidney Tubules, DistalRabbitsCadmium ChlorideBuffersFluid TherapyHypertensionHot TemperatureKidney MedullaIn Vitro Oocyte Maturation TechniquesStaphylococcusAldosteroneCattleSodium SalicylateAmilorideSporesRats, Sprague-DawleyCromolyn SodiumSymportersSulfatesSodium AzideDiarrhea Virus 2, Bovine ViralMineral WatersFood MicrobiologyDietMagnesiumResearchAerosolsDesoxycorticosteronePharmacologyFludrocortisoneMeatRats, WistarSaccharinCell Membrane PermeabilityElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelPotassium, DietaryChemical PrecipitationReninSodium AcetateSodium HypochloriteFish ProductsSolubilityFiltrationChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalMolecular Sequence DataAmmonium SulfateAmino AcidsDiureticsWater DeprivationCell MembraneFood HandlingAdsorptionSwineGlucoseMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningRespiratory Protective DevicesPerfusionPediococcus4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic AcidEpitheliumChemistry, PharmaceuticalDogsInfusions, ParenteralGlomerular Filtration RateIntestinal AbsorptionAnionsRandom AllocationPermeabilityChromatography, High Pressure LiquidSurface-Active AgentsBody WaterVinyl CompoundsCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsAcetatesNAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelChlorineSodium FluorideColorimetryCarbohydratesClostridium botulinumEscherichia coliChromatography, GelVasopressinsCentrifugation, Density GradientAmino Acid SequenceDehydrationSterilizationNitroprussideDialysisHalobacteriumUrineCentrifugationDetergentsLithiumCells, CulturedElectric ConductivityFood PreferencesChromatographyNitrogenaseAcetic AcidChemistryInfusions, IntravenousCell LineInjectionsDiapause, InsectChemical PhenomenaSheepMusclesMethylnitronitrosoguanidineAgarSodium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsSodium RadioisotopesFreezingElectrophysiology
Sodium Chloride: A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.Chlorides: Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.Sodium: A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.Chloride Channels: Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.Sodium Chloride, Dietary: Sodium chloride used in foods.Sodium Chloride Symporters: A subclass of symporters found in KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL that are the major pathway for salt resorption. Inhibition of these symporters by BENZOTHIADIAZINES is the basis of action of some DIURETICS.Saline Solution, Hypertonic: Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).Sodium Channels: Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.Sodium, Dietary: Sodium or sodium compounds used in foods or as a food. The most frequently used compounds are sodium chloride or sodium glutamate.Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.Osmolar Concentration: The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.Calcium Chloride: A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.Diet, Sodium-Restricted: A diet which contains very little sodium chloride. It is prescribed by some for hypertension and for edematous states. (Dorland, 27th ed)Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Isotonic Solutions: Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)Taste: The ability to detect chemicals through gustatory receptors in the mouth, including those on the TONGUE; the PALATE; the PHARYNX; and the EPIGLOTTIS.Sucrose: A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.Polyvinyl Chloride: A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.Electrolytes: Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Sodium Isotopes: Stable sodium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sodium, but differ in atomic weight. Na-23 is a stable sodium isotope.Potassium: An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.Taste Threshold: The minimum concentration at which taste sensitivity to a particular substance or food can be perceived.Food Preservation: Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.Food Packaging: Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3: Na-Cl cotransporter in the convoluted segments of the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE. It mediates active reabsorption of sodium and chloride and is inhibited by THIAZIDE DIURETICS.Water-Electrolyte Balance: The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Osmosis: Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane.Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Potassium Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.Meat Products: Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple).Hypertonic Solutions: Solutions that have a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Mannitol: A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.Solutions: The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Salts: Substances produced from the reaction between acids and bases; compounds consisting of a metal (positive) and nonmetal (negative) radical. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Gitelman Syndrome: An inherited renal disorder characterized by defective NaCl reabsorption in the convoluted DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE leading to HYPOKALEMIA. In contrast with BARTTER SYNDROME, Gitelman syndrome includes hypomagnesemia and normocalcemic hypocalciuria, and is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.Drug Storage: The process of keeping pharmaceutical products in an appropriate location.Sodium Channel Blockers: A class of drugs that act by inhibition of sodium influx through cell membranes. Blockade of sodium channels slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization, reduces cell excitability, and reduces conduction velocity.Osmotic Pressure: The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Biological Transport, Active: The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.Loop of Henle: The U-shaped portion of the renal tubule in the KIDNEY MEDULLA, consisting of a descending limb and an ascending limb. It is situated between the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE and the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Food Preservatives: Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.Natriuresis: Sodium excretion by URINATION.CitratesDrinking: The consumption of liquids.Benzalkonium Compounds: A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.Acid-Base Equilibrium: The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.Quinine: An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.Membrane Potentials: The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).Drug Stability: The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Taste Perception: The process by which the nature and meaning of gustatory stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain. The four basic classes of taste perception are salty, sweet, bitter, and sour.Electrolysis: Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution.Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Sodium Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule.Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Attitude to Death: Conceptual response of the person to the various aspects of death, which are based on individual psychosocial and cultural experience.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Glycols: A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.Kidney Tubules: Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.Hypotonic Solutions: Solutions that have a lesser osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Diuresis: An increase in the excretion of URINE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Photometry: Measurement of the various properties of light.Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.Urea: A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.Kidney Tubules, Distal: The portion of renal tubule that begins from the enlarged segment of the ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. It reenters the KIDNEY CORTEX and forms the convoluted segments of the distal tubule.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Buffers: A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.Fluid Therapy: Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by HYPODERMOCLYSIS.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Hot Temperature: Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.Kidney Medulla: The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques: Methods used to induce premature oocytes, that are maintained in tissue culture, to progress through developmental stages including to a stage that is competent to undergo FERTILIZATION.Staphylococcus: A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.Aldosterone: A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Sodium Salicylate: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in relieving pain and reducing fever. However, individuals who are hypersensitive to ASPIRIN may tolerate sodium salicylate. In general, this salicylate produces the same adverse reactions as ASPIRIN, but there is less occult gastrointestinal bleeding. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p120)Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)Spores: The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.Symporters: Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.Sulfates: Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral: A species of PESTIVIRUS causing systemic infections including BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHEA-MUCOSAL DISEASE and BOVINE HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME in cattle and some other cloven-hoofed animals. There are several strains and two biotypes: cytopathic (rare) and non-cytopathic. The severity of disease appears to be strain dependent. Cytopathogenic effects do not correlate with virulence as non-cytopathic BVDV-2 is associated only with Hemorrhagic Disease, Bovine.Mineral Waters: Water naturally or artificially infused with mineral salts or gases.Food Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Magnesium: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.Research: Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE.Pharmacology: The study of the origin, nature, properties, and actions of drugs and their effects on living organisms.Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.Cell Membrane Permeability: A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Potassium, Dietary: Potassium or potassium compounds used in foods or as foods.Chemical Precipitation: The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.Renin: A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Fish Products: Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).Solubility: The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Filtration: A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Chemistry Techniques, Analytical: Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Diuretics: Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.Water Deprivation: The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.Cell Membrane: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Food Handling: Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.Adsorption: The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Respiratory Protective Devices: Respirators to protect individuals from breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors.Perfusion: Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.Pediococcus: A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. No endospores are produced. Its organisms are found in fermenting plant products and are nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans.4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.Epithelium: One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.Chemistry, Pharmaceutical: Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Infusions, Parenteral: The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.Glomerular Filtration Rate: The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.Intestinal Absorption: Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.Anions: Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Permeability: Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Surface-Active Agents: Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.Body Water: Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.Vinyl CompoundsCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator: A chloride channel that regulates secretion in many exocrine tissues. Abnormalities in the CFTR gene have been shown to cause cystic fibrosis. (Hum Genet 1994;93(4):364-8)Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors: Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of the LOOP OF HENLE and KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA.Acetates: Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel: A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion PERMEABILITY of CARDIOMYOCYTES. Defects in the SCN5A gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel, are associated with a variety of CARDIAC DISEASES that result from loss of sodium channel function.Chlorine: A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.Sodium Fluoride: A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.Colorimetry: Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Carbohydrates: The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.Clostridium botulinum: A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Chromatography, Gel: Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.Vasopressins: Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.Centrifugation, Density Gradient: Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Dehydration: The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.Sterilization: The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.Nitroprusside: A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.Dialysis: A process of selective diffusion through a membrane. It is usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Halobacterium: A genus of HALOBACTERIACEAE whose growth requires a high concentration of salt. Binary fission is by constriction.Urine: Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.Centrifugation: Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Detergents: Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Electric Conductivity: The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.Food Preferences: The selection of one food over another.Chromatography: Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)Chemistry: A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.Infusions, Intravenous: The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Injections: Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.Diapause, Insect: Seasonal suspension of insect growth development. It can be either induced by environmental cues (e.g., PHOTOPERIOD) or as a facultative part of the life cycle in order to time development with seasonal changes.Chemical Phenomena: The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors: Agents that inhibit SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA.Sodium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.Freezing: Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.Electrophysiology: The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Activity in saline of phthalylated or succinylated derivatives of mycobacterial water-soluble adjuvant. (1/8610)

A water-soluble fraction (WSA) of the cell wall can substitute for mycobacterial cells in Freund complete adjuvant. However, when WSA is administered in saline instead of in a water-in-oil emulsion, its adjuvant activity is very weak, and under certain experimental conditions it can even inhibit the humoral immune response. The data reported in the present study show that after treatment by phthalic or succinic anhydride the adjuvant activity of WSA was markedly changed, since high levels of circulating antibodies were produced when these derivatives were administered with an antigen in an aqueous medium. Moreover, the antigenic determinants of WSA were modified and acylated WSA had no tuberculin-like activity.  (+info)

Calorimetric studies on the stability of the ribosome-inactivating protein abrin II: effects of pH and ligand binding. (2/8610)

The effects of pH and ligand binding on the stability of abrin II, a heterodimeric ribosome-inactivating protein, and its subunits have been studied using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. At pH7.2, the calorimetric scan consists of two transitions, which correspond to the B-subunit [transition temperature (Tm) 319.2K] and the A-subunit (Tm 324.6K) of abrin II, as also confirmed by studies on the isolated A-subunit. The calorimetric enthalpy of the isolated A-subunit of abrin II is similar to that of the higher-temperature transition. However, its Tm is 2.4K lower than that of the higher-temperature peak of intact abrin II. This indicates that there is some interaction between the two subunits. Abrin II displays increased stability as the pH is decreased to 4.5. Lactose increases the Tm values as well as the enthalpies of both transitions. This effect is more pronounced at pH7.2 than at pH4.5. This suggests that ligand binding stabilizes the native conformation of abrin II. Analysis of the B-subunit transition temperature as a function of lactose concentration suggests that two lactose molecules bind to one molecule of abrin II at pH7.2. The presence of two binding sites for lactose on the abrin II molecule is also indicated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Plotting DeltaHm (the molar transition enthalpy at Tm) against Tm yielded values for DeltaCp (change in excess heat capacity) of 27+/-2 kJ.mol-1.K-1 for the B-subunit and 20+/-1 kJ.mol-1.K-1 for the A-subunit. These values have been used to calculate the thermal stability of abrin II and to surmise the mechanism of its transmembrane translocation.  (+info)

Treating the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion with isotonic saline. (3/8610)

It has been widely accepted that there is little use for saline treatment in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH). However, having observed that most SIADH patients increased their plasma sodium (PNa) after 2 l isotonic saline over 24 h, we investigated whether urine osmolality or the sum of urinary sodium and potassium (UNa + K) predicted this response, in 17 consecutive patients with chronic SIADH. The initial measure of urinary sodium plus potassium (UNa + K t0) was weakly correlated to the change in PNa (DPNa) after infusion (r = -0.51; p < 0.05), while initial urine osmolality (UOSM t0) was a much better predictor (y = -0.024x + 12.90; r = -0.81; p < 0.001). The lack of predictive value for UNa + K t0 was probably because urine electrolyte concentrations were not maximal for the corresponding initial UOSM. This reflects differences in salt intake between the patients. The theoretical maximal value for UNa + K t0 (th max UNa + K t0) for a given USOM t0, was as good a predictor as UOSM t0 (th max UNa + K vs. DPNa: r = -0.81; p < 0.001). A theoretical model describing the effect of 2 l isotonic saline infusion on DPNa as a function of UNa + K, produced values comparable to those observed in our patients. Only 6/17 patients, those with UOSM > 530 mOsm/kg, had their hyponatraemia aggravated by 2 l isotonic saline. Many SIADH patients have lower UOSM; in most such patients, 2 l of isotonic saline will improve PNa.  (+info)

H5 Histone and DNA-relaxing enzyme of chicken erythrocytes. Interaction with superhelical DNA. (4/8610)

The interaction of closed circular duplex DNA with the lysine-rich H5 histone fraction of avian erythrocytes has been studied. H5, like H1 histone, interacts preferentially with superhelical DNA. The extent of interaction increases with increasing negative or positive superhelicity. Salt-extracted lysine-rich histones show the same specificity for interaction with superhelices as do acid-extracted preparations. Chicken erythrocyte nuclei contain DNA-relaxing enzyme. This enzyme is extracted from the nuclei at lower salt concentrations than those required to extract H1 and H5 histones and is, therefore, probably a function of a protein distinct from H1 and H5 histones.  (+info)

Aggregation of deoxyhemoglobin S at low concentrations. (5/8610)

The self-association of deoxyhemoglobin S was measured in dilute solutions (0 to 5 g/dl) by Rayleigh light scattering at 630 nm and osmometry in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.35). Weight and number average molecular weights (Mw and Mn, respectively) and the second or higher virial coefficients, B' were determined. No experimentally significant differences were observed between oxy- and deoxy-Hb S up to the concentration of 2 g/dl; their apparent average molecular weights were within experimental error. Above that concentration, both Mn and Mw of deoxy-Hb S were significantly different from that of oxy-Hb S. The negative second viral coefficent of deoxy-Hb S, observed by both techniques, is consistent with the self-association of this protein. The lack of effect of 0.4 M propylurea on the state of aggregation and the significant influence of 0.1 M NaCl suggests that polar interactions are involved in formation of these aggregates.  (+info)

Characterization of nuclear structures containing superhelical DNA. (6/8610)

Structures resembling nuclei but depleted of protein may be released by gently lysing cells in solutions containing non-ionic detergents and high concentrations of salt. These nucleoids sediment in gradients containing intercalating agents in a manner characteristic of DNA that is intact, supercoiled and circular. The concentration of salt present during isolation of human nucleoids affects their protein content. When made in I-95 M NaCl they lack histones and most of the proteins characteristic of chromatin; in 1-0 M NaCl they contain variable amounts of histones. The effects of various treatments on nucleoid integrity were investigated.  (+info)

Electrostatic interactions during activation of coagulation factor IX via the tissue factor pathway: effect of univalent salts. (7/8610)

Interaction between the Gla-domain of coagulation proteins and negatively charged phospholipid membranes is essential for blood coagulation reactions. The interaction is calcium-dependent and mediated both by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. This report focuses on the electrostatic component of factor IX activation via the extrinsic pathway. Effective charges during the reaction are measured by ionic titration of activity, according to the Debye-Huckel and Gouy-Chapman models. Rates of activation decrease with ionic strength independently of the type of monovalent salt used to control ionic strength. Moreover, the effect of ionic strength decreases at concentrations of charged phospholipid approaching saturation levels, indicating that membrane charges participate directly in the ionic interaction measured. The effective charge on calcium-bound factor IX during activation on phospholipid membranes is 0.95+/-0.1. Possible sites mediating contacts between the Gla-domain and membranes are selected by geometrical criteria in several metal-bound Gla-domain structures. A pocket with a solvent opening-pore of area 24-38 A2 is found in the Gla-domain of factors IX, VII, and prothrombin. The pocket contains atoms with negative partial charges, including carboxylate oxygens from Gla residues, and has a volume of 57-114 A3, sufficient to accommodate additional calcium atoms. These studies demonstrate that electrostatic forces modify the activity coefficient of factor IX during functional interactions and suggest a conserved pocket motif as the contact site between the calcium-bound Gla-domain and charged membranes.  (+info)

Electrical and mechanical responses to diltiazem in potassium depolarized myocardium of the guinea pig. (8/8610)

Effects of diltiazem on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea pig papillary muscle were investigated in K-rich Tyrode's solution (Kc1 12.7 mM). The electrical properties of cell membrane in K-rich solution were also examined in the ventricular muscle fibers. It was found that the overshoot as well as the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of the action potential were highly sensitive to the extracellular concentration of CaC12 in K-rich solution. Vmax was also affected by NaC1. Diltiazem at a lower concentration (1.1 X 10(-7) M) caused a reduction in the contractile force of K-depolarized papillary muscle without producing significant changes in the resting and action potentials. In the presence of a higher concentration of diltiazem (1.1 X 10(-5) M), the contractile force decreased concurrently with the change in the action potential. Addition of CaC12 restored the original strength of contraction in parallel to the recovery of the action potential, especially in its overshoot and Vmax. From these results, it is inferred that diltiazem may decrease the contractile force of guinea pig papillary muscle either by interfering with the intrasmembrane calcium influx or by intracellularly reducing the free calcium ion concentration in the myoplasm.  (+info)

Effects of sodium chloride on pregnant sheep with reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure<...Effects of sodium chloride on pregnant sheep with reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of sodium chloride on pregnant sheep with reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure. AU - Leffler, Charles. AU - Hessler, Jack R.. AU - Green, Robert S.. AU - Fletcher, Anthony M.. PY - 1986/1/1. Y1 - 1986/1/1. N2 - This study investigated the effects of NaCl supplementation (5 mEq/kg/day) on the arterial pressure of pregnant and nonpregnant sheep with and without reduction of uteroplacental perfusion pressure. In pregnant sheep receiving NaCl supplementation during the third trimester, reduction of aortic pressure caudal to the kidneys to 65% of the upstream pressure (occlusion) caused a progressive increase in mean arterial pressure from 89 ± 3 to 110 ± 3 mm Hg over 2 weeks. Occlusion was accompanied by a decrease in urine flow. Six of seven sheep died or were killed because of severe respiratory distress. No abnormalities were detected in nonpregnant sheep or pregnant sheep receiving NaCl supplementation only. Pregnant sheep that were occluded but received no ...
Effect of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride on growth of lactic acid bacteria<...Effect of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride on growth of lactic acid bacteria<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride on growth of lactic acid bacteria. AU - Korkeala, H.. AU - Alanko, Timo. AU - Tiusanen, Tapani. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. UR - https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/1975/748/1992Korkeala-AVS-EffectOfSodiumNitrite.pdf?sequence=1&origin=publication_detail. M3 - Article. VL - 33. SP - 27. EP - 32. JO - Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. JF - Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. SN - 0044-605X. ER - ...
0.9 Percent Sodium Chloride Solution for Irrigation by Baxter: Recall - Presence of Particulate Matter | American Society of...0.9 Percent Sodium Chloride Solution for Irrigation by Baxter: Recall - Presence of Particulate Matter | American Society of...
AUDIENCE: Pharmacy. ISSUE: Baxter International is voluntarily recalling one lot of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Irrigation, USP, 500 mL Plastic Pour Bottle solution - Lot G120162, expiration 11/30/2018 - to the hospital/user level. This product is being recalled due to a customer complaint prior to use for the presence of particulate matter, identified as an insect.. Sodium Chloride Irrigation solution with foreign material contamination potentially could result in a series of complications dependent in which anatomic location the irrigation is used, which could include inflammatory reaction, foreign body reaction, and infection which could be life-threatening.. BACKGROUND: 0.9% Sodium Chloride for Irrigation USP - 500 mL is an isotonic solution intended for irrigation. This solution can be used to rinse debris and residue from wounds and as a single use for rinsing/irrigation during surgical procedures. It may also be used to flush or rinse medical equipment such as catheters.. The lot being recalled ...
Adverse Effects of Sodium Chloride on Bone HealthAdverse Effects of Sodium Chloride on Bone Health
Most people consume too much sodium and this can have negative effects on our bone health. Learn the signs to look out for and how to reduce intake here!
Sodium chloride inhibitor-陕西森瑞石油技术开发有限公司Sodium chloride inhibitor-陕西森瑞石油技术开发有限公司
Centrealoil production - sodium chloride inhibitor. Product introduction:. The product is an organic synthesis of small organic molecular dispersant, poly carboxylic acid and organic phosphate compound. It has the functions of dispersed adsorption, lattice distortion and chelation solubilization. The product can quickly dispersed in saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, chelating group in the formula and sodium ions in certain chelating molecular interactions, in the process of evaporation and crystallization in the early period of the main components in chelate crystallization inhibition effect. In the Sodium Chloride Solution continue to concentrate, small molecule organic component is adsorbed on the sodium chloride crystal, the crystal crystal dislocation, vacancy phenomenon, causing the distortion, distortion of the different crystal faces of different stress, crystal stress, crystal structure instability in sodium chloride crystals cannot aggregate growth.. Technical ...
BAM R72: 0.2 M Sodium Chloride Solution | FDABAM R72: 0.2 M Sodium Chloride Solution | FDA
FDAs Bacteriological Analytical Manual (the BAM) is the agencys preferred laboratory procedures for the detection in food and cosmetic products of pathogens (bacterial, viral, parasitic, plus yeast and mold) and of microbial toxins.
isoamyl alcoholisoamyl alcohol
David F. Spencer ,dspencer at is.dal.ca, wrote in message news:dspencer-F875B7.17361622032001 at News.Dal.CA... , In article ,3.0.6.32.20010318081653.007bcb30 at cnmailsvr.nmsu.edu,, , hroychow at nmsu.edu (Dr. Hiranya S. Roychowdhury) wrote: , , , At 02:54 PM 3/18/01 +0100, Gys de Jongh wrote: , , , , , , , ,Hi, , , ,if you use sodium acetate the SDS will precipitate. , , ,The SDS stays in solution at high NaCl concentrations. , , ,See maniatis appendix , , ,-- , , ,Gys Hi, got the flu , been away for a few days. Here is the reference : 1) Molecular cloning Sambrook,J second edition 1989 Volume 3 Appendix E : Commonly Used Techniques in Molecular Cloning subject : concentrating nucleic acids subtitle : precipitation with ethanol or isopropanol page : E.10 quote : Sodium chloride (0.2M) should be used if the DNA sample contains SDS. The detergent then remains soluble in 70% ethanol. Sodium acetate (0.3M;pH 5.2) is used for most routine precipitations of DNA and RNA. unquote. [ See the problem ...
What Is Stress? Dose-Response Effects in Commonly Used in Vitro Stress Assays | Plant PhysiologyWhat Is Stress? Dose-Response Effects in Commonly Used in Vitro Stress Assays | Plant Physiology
To study the effects of abiotic stress on plants, in vitro setups are often used as a proxy for the complex field environments in which plants are subjected to stress. These experimental setups are based on the addition of compounds to the growth medium. Drought, for instance, is simulated by adding osmotica, such as mannitol, sorbitol, or polyethylene glycol (Verslues et al., 2006), which lower the water potential of the medium. This makes it harder for plants to extract water, simulating what happens in drying soil. Similarly, NaCl is added to the medium to expose plants to salt stress, which is a combination of osmotic stress, as NaCl also lowers the water potential of the medium, and Na+ toxicity, mainly important at high NaCl concentrations (Munns and Tester, 2008). To simulate general oxidative stress, occurring for instance under high-light conditions, the medium is supplemented with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or paraquat/methyl viologen, which induce the formation of the toxic reactive ...
Molecules and CellsMolecules and Cells
to signal for attractive low-Na+ taste, while Na+-responsive GRNs in s-bristles were suspected to code for aversive high-Na+ gustation by an unknown molecular mechanism (Zhang et al., 2013). A model for the decision of aversion over attraction between the inputs from the two classes of GRNs was put together mainly based on the observation that low-Na+-sensing GRNs in L-bristles show a bell-shaped spiking response curve to increasing Na+ doses, such that, at high Na+ concentrations, aversive input from the s-bristle GRNs prevails to direct feeding suppression. However, the bell shape relationship, where the responses of L-bristle cells supposedly decrease at high NaCl concentrations with a maximal spiking frequency at 0.1 M NaCl, was not recapitulated in our hands. Rather, the dose dependences of L− and s-bristle cells are similarly sigmoidal (Figs. 3A and 3B), while L-bristle GRNs showed higher Na+ sensitivities at 10 and 50 mM than the s-bristle cells as observed in the previous study (Zhang ...
Chem Design Practical. Aim To determine whether the concentration of sodium chloride in solutions affects the electrical...Chem Design Practical. Aim To determine whether the concentration of sodium chloride in solutions affects the electrical...
Introduction. Investigate the electrical conductivity of salt solutions Aim To determine whether the concentration of sodium chloride in solutions affects the electrical conductivity of the solution Background Electrical conductivity is the ability to carry out the flow of an electric current. In solutions, this depends almost entirely on the solute present. Ions are capable of carrying an electrical current. When sodium chloride (NaCl) is dissolved into water, Na+ and Cl- ions are formed, which are able to conduct electricity. Electrical conductivity is measured in microSiemens per centimetre (�S/cm) ...read more. Middle. Controlling Variables Table 3,Variables and Method of control Type Variable Method of control Why is it to be controlled Controlled Volume of sodium chloride solution Measured using a 100mL cylinder (+0.5mL) All errors in measurement will be consistent The temperature under which the reaction occurs All reactions will be conducted under the same lab conditions Errors ...
Salt load and Potassium Chloride? at Iodine Supplementation Support by VWT Team, topic 1023792Salt load and Potassium Chloride? at Iodine Supplementation Support by VWT Team, topic 1023792
Just a curiosity question that occurred to me as I was reading through all the recent salt and potassium load posts: Since the reason to not go over about three 1/2 tsp. salt loads in a day is because of the sodium, can you also do potassium chloride loads the same day as a salt load (for those who are having such a detox situation that the three salt loads were not enough to take care of)? Or would that be too much of a chloride burden or too much of a toxin burden on the kidneys?
Sodium Chloride FOOD ADTIVE/LR/ARSodium Chloride FOOD ADTIVE/LR/AR
M/S Vatjat Pharma Foods Private Limited is a leading Manufacturer Exporter & Supplier of Sodium Chloride FOOD ADTIVE/LR/AR in Hubli Karnataka India, Exporter of Sodium Chloride FOOD ADTIVE/LR/AR in Karnataka, Wholesale Sodium Chloride FOOD ADTIVE/LR/AR Supplier in Hubli, Sodium Chloride FOOD ADTIVE/LR/AR Manufacturing Company in India.
Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2019 - K+S , Akzonobel , Cargill , Hebei Huachen - The Industry TodayGlobal Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2019 - K+S , Akzonobel , Cargill , Hebei Huachen - The Industry Today
challenging with each other in the worldwide Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride in terms of demand, sales, revenue generation, reliable products development, giving best services, and also post-sale processes at the global level.. To Get Free Sample Copy of Report Click Here: www.mrsresearchgroup.com/report/130149#request-sample. This Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2019 report is integrated with primary as well as secondary research of the Global industry. The worldwide Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride in detail and presents comprehensive forecasts regarding the markets growth trajectory during the forecast period (2019 - 2025). The Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2019 report is based on key players, which are combined by market share, history of growth and Industry forecasts, it provides in-detailed information, basic needs of the market, and the report shows the how this market is growing Globally. The main regions that contribute to the worldwide ...
Sodium Chloride Molecular Structure Model manufacturers, Sodium Chloride Molecular Structure Model exporters, Sodium Chloride...Sodium Chloride Molecular Structure Model manufacturers, Sodium Chloride Molecular Structure Model exporters, Sodium Chloride...
a specialized manufacturer of molecular model,molecular models,molecular modeling,molecular modelling,molecular model set,chemistry molecular model,model for molecular,organic chemistry molecular model set,organic molecular model set,molecular model kits,10d molecular model, Sodium Chloride Molecular Structure Model Manufacturer, Supplier, China Sodium Chloride Molecular Structure Model Products, Chinese Manufacture.
Sodium Chloride | Chemistry In Everyday LifeSodium Chloride | Chemistry In Everyday Life
EWG level: 1 This is an inorganic salt (also called table salt). Sodium Chloride, or table salt, is a white crystalline solid. Sodium Chloride occurs naturally in seawater and as the mineral halite. Sodium Chloride is essential to biological organisms and is found in most tissues and body fluids. The sodium and chlorine elements of…
Dextrose 5% in Sodium Chloride 0.9% (Dextrose Monohydrate; Sodium Chloride) TevaDextrose 5% in Sodium Chloride 0.9% (Dextrose Monohydrate; Sodium Chloride) Teva
Dextrose 5% in Sodium Chloride 0.9% information about active ingredients, pharmaceutical forms and doses by Teva, Dextrose 5% in Sodium Chloride 0.9% indications, usages and related health products lists
Sodium Chloride | Encyclopedia.comSodium Chloride | Encyclopedia.com
sodium chloride, NaCl, common salt. *Properties*Sodium chloride is readily soluble in water and insoluble or only slightly soluble in most other liquids. It forms small, transparent, colorless to white cubic crystals. Sodium chloride is odorless but has a characteristic taste.
10 ML Sodium Chloride 0.9% - Melanotan Express10 ML Sodium Chloride 0.9% - Melanotan Express
10ML Sodium Chloride 0.9% is a sterile, single dose nonpyrogenic solution packaged in a fliptop plastic vial. Each mL contains sodium chloride 9 mg. No preservatives, antimicrobial, bacteriostatic or buffers added. Chemically designed NaCl soluble in water. Used to dilute and dissolving drugs. Nonpyrogenic Preservative free Single dose vial No bacteriostatic added Sodium Chloride 0.9% is packaged in a single 10 ml Flip-top single dose plastic vial. Warnings: This product is not meant for human consumption or ingestion, it is meant to reconstitute chemicals for research purpose only. For best results: Store at 20 to 25 degrees celsius (68 to 77 degrees fahrenheit). 2 Year shelf-life from purchase date ...
sodium chloride (inhalation)sodium chloride (inhalation)
Sodium chloride is the chemical name for salt. Sodium chloride can reduce some types of bacteria in certain body secretions, such as saliva. Sodium chloride inhalation is used to produce sputum (mucus, or phlegm) from the mouth to help improve lung function in people with cystic fibrosis, or to collect sputum for...
Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride 0.9% in plastic container (Sodium Chloride) HospiraBacteriostatic Sodium Chloride 0.9% in plastic container (Sodium Chloride) Hospira
Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride 0.9% in plastic container information about active ingredients, pharmaceutical forms and doses by Hospira, Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride 0.9% in plastic container indications, usages and related health products lists
Sodium Chloride Injection Solution, USP, 0.9%, 500 mL Bag 24 EA / CS - Hydreight StoreSodium Chloride Injection Solution, USP, 0.9%, 500 mL Bag 24 EA / CS - Hydreight Store
Sodium chloride solution intended for intravenous injection Nonpyrogenic parenteral solution of electrolyte replenishers in water Intended as single-dose injection; unused portions should be discarded
Tables of the Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous NaCl Solutions in the Temperature Range 20-150 C and the Pressure...Tables of the Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous NaCl Solutions in the Temperature Range 20-150 C and the Pressure...
Tabulated values of the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of aqueous sodium chloride solutions are given. The tables cover the temperature range 20-150 C, the pressure range 0.1-35 MPa and the concentration range 0-6 molal. It is estimated that the accuracy of the tabulated values of + or - 0.5%. The correlating equations from which the tables were generated are given. (Author)*SODIUM CHLORIDE
SODIUM CHLORIDESODIUM CHLORIDE
WHAT DOES SODIUM CHLORIDE (SALT) DO FOR US?. 1. Sodium chloride is essential to all animal life and some plant life. It is used by the body to oppose the mineral potassium in order to build electrostatic charge on cell membranes. This electrostatic charge allows our nerves to transmit impulses as it dissipates creating a wave. (The post on potassium has a more involved description of this process.). The term electrolyte applies to a substance that separates into ions or charged particles of which sodium is one. Ions make it possible for electrical charges to be conducted throughout our bodies. A cation is a positive ion. Sodium cations along with chloride anions which are negatively charged ions are very important along with potassium cations in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in and outside of our cells and throughout our bodies. Blood plasma is mostly made up of sodium cations and cell fluid is made up mostly of potassium cations. Sodium and potassium have similar chemical properties ...
sodium chloride 24sodium chloride 24
Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, commonly known as salt (though sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g/mol respectively, 100 g of NaCl contains 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible .... ...
Search for HEPARIN SODIUM 5,000 UNITS AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 percent Within Specific SitesSearch for HEPARIN SODIUM 5,000 UNITS AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 percent Within Specific Sites
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HEPARIN SODIUM 5,000 UNITS IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%: Pharmaceutical manufacturers, suppliers, and packagersHEPARIN SODIUM 5,000 UNITS IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%: Pharmaceutical manufacturers, suppliers, and packagers
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What Is the Polarity of Sodium Chloride? | Reference.comWhat Is the Polarity of Sodium Chloride? | Reference.com
Sodium chloride, or NaCl, is an extremely polar ionic compound, according to Kent Chemistry. Sodium chloride is composed of an Na+ cation and a Cl- anion. In a simple molecule, such as NaCl, the...
Search for DEXTROSE 10 percent AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 percent Within Specific SitesSearch for DEXTROSE 10 percent AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 percent Within Specific Sites
Use Google powered SiteComber to search within various sites for DEXTROSE 10 percent AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 percent. Links to searches for DEXTROSE 10 percent AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0 9 percent can be found here.
AEON SODIUM CHLORIDE - Rayner GlobalAEON SODIUM CHLORIDE - Rayner Global
AEON SODIUM CHLORIDE 5% is a phosphate and preservative free hypertonic ophthalmic solution used for temporary alleviation of symptoms associated with corneal oedema.. AEON SODIUM CHLORIDE 5% will be one of the first eye drops available that contains both sodium hyaluronate and PEG 400 that create a soothing and lubricating eye drop.. ...
Pre GI: SWBIT SVG BLASTNPre GI: SWBIT SVG BLASTN
General Information: Chemoheterotrophic obligate extreme halophilic archeon. Halobacterial species are obligately halophilic microorganisms that have adapted to optimal growth under conditions of extremely high salinity 10 times that of sea water. This bacterium (strain R1; DSM 671) is an obligately halophilic archeon and represents the type species for the genus Halobacterium. The first recorded isolation of this organism came from the spoilage of salted fish. It is also commonly found in neutral salt lakes, marine salterns, proteinaceous products heavily salted with crude solar salt and ancient evaporate deposits. ...
I need a formula for: 0.5 grams of sodium chloride is dissolved to makeI need a formula for: 0.5 grams of sodium chloride is dissolved to make
... 0.05 liters of solution. next 0.5 grams of sodium chloride is dissolved to make 0.05 ml of solution. next 670 grams of Pb (C2H3O2)4 are dissolved to make 3.5 ml of solution. ...
Can you treat sodium chloride inhalation solution for asthma?Can you treat sodium chloride inhalation solution for asthma?
1 Answer - Posted in: asthma, sodium chloride - Answer: Sodium chloride inhalation is not normally used to treat asthma. You can ...
Safe Step Sodium Chloride 25 Ice Melt at ACE Hardware in Bellingham - 74499987Safe Step Sodium Chloride 25 Ice Melt at ACE Hardware in Bellingham - 74499987
Get Safe Step Sodium Chloride 25 Ice Melt On Sale today at ACE Hardware! Compare Shopping Misc. prices & check availability for Safe Step Sodium Chloride 25 Ice Melt. Get it right now at your nearest store in Bellingham.
Sodium chlorideSodium chloride
... storage tanks. Bushmans Industrial chemical tanks are suited for a wide range of chemicals including Sodium chloride.
Sodium Chloride 0.9% hameln - Drugs.comSodium Chloride 0.9% hameln - Drugs.com
Sodium Chloride 0.9% hameln is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. A list of US medications equivalent to Sodium Chloride 0.9% hameln is available on the Drugs.com website.
Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2018-2023: ... - MarketBizGlobal Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2018-2023: ... - MarketBiz
Major inclination of the Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market:Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market research report contributes...
Physiological saline solution legal definition of physiological saline solutionPhysiological saline solution legal definition of physiological saline solution
Definition of physiological saline solution in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is physiological saline solution? Meaning of physiological saline solution as a legal term. What does physiological saline solution mean in law?
Polishing Large NaCl Windows On A Continuous Polisher | (1980) | Williamson | Publications | SpiePolishing Large NaCl Windows On A Continuous Polisher | (1980) | Williamson | Publications | Spie
The Helios and Antares CO2 fusion laser systems incorporate numerous large sodium chloride windows. These must be refinished periodically, making necessary a consistent and predictable polishing capability. A continuous polisher (or annular lap) which might fulfill this requirement was purchased and a process development program was undertaken at Kirtland's Developmental Optical Facility. Large NaC1 windows had not been polished on this type of machine. The machine has proven itself capable of producing λ/16 figures at 633 nm (HeNe) with extremely smooth surfaces on glass. Since then, we have been working exclusively on NaCl optics. Due to different polishing parameters between NaC1 and glass, and the slight solubility of the pitch in the slurry, this phase presents new problems. The work on glass will be reviewed. Results on NaCl to date will be reported. The potential of this type of machine relative to prisms, thin and irregularly shaped optics will be discussed ...
BMRB Entry 15734BMRB Entry 15734
unlabeled_5A: GUANOSINE-3,5-MONOPHOSPHATE0.5 1.2 mM; mPDE5_GAFA0.5 1.2 mM; sodium chloride 150 mM; PMSF 1 mM; DTT 1-5 mM; EDTA 0.1 mM; sodium phosphate 25 mM; D2O 10%; H2O 90%. 15N_5A: GUANOSINE-3,5-MONOPHOSPHATE0.5 1.2 mM; mPDE5_GAFA, [U-100% 15N], 0.5 1.2 mM; sodium chloride 150 mM; PMSF 1 mM; DTT 1-5 mM; EDTA 0.1 mM; sodium phosphate 25 mM; D2O 10%; H2O 90%. 2H_13C_15N_5A: GUANOSINE-3,5-MONOPHOSPHATE0.5 1.2 mM; mPDE5_GAFA, [U-100% 13C; U-100% 15N; 80% 2H], 0.5 1.2 mM; sodium chloride 150 mM; PMSF 1 mM; DTT 1-5 mM; EDTA 0.1 mM; sodium phosphate 25 mM; D2O 10%; H2O 90%. 13C_15N_5A: GUANOSINE-3,5-MONOPHOSPHATE0.5 1.2 mM; mPDE5_GAFA, [U-100% 13C; U-100% 15N], 0.5 1.2 mM; sodium chloride 150 mM; PMSF 1 mM; DTT 1-5 mM; EDTA 0.1 mM; sodium phosphate 25 mM; D2O 10%; H2O 90%. 15N_5A_2: GUANOSINE-3,5-MONOPHOSPHATE0.5 1.2 mM; mPDE5_GAFA, [U-100% 15N], 0.5 1.2 mM; sodium chloride 150 mM; PMSF 1 mM; DTT 1-5 mM; EDTA 0.1 mM; sodium phosphate 25 mM; D2O 100%. 13C_15N_5A_2: ...
Ferrous Chloride Solution - Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters in IndiaFerrous Chloride Solution - Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters in India
Contact verified Ferrous Chloride Solution Manufacturers, Ferrous Chloride Solution suppliers, Ferrous Chloride Solution exporters wholesalers, producers, traders in India.
Sodium chloride or table salt is a compound forme... - OpenStudySodium chloride or table salt is a compound forme... - OpenStudy
Sodium chloride or table salt is a compound formed when sodium loses its valence electron to chlorine. Which type of bond formation takes place in so...
Sodium chloride or table salt is a compound forme... - OpenStudySodium chloride or table salt is a compound forme... - OpenStudy
Sodium chloride or table salt is a compound formed when sodium loses its valence electron to chlorine. Which type of bond formation takes place in so...
Sodium Chloride Crystals - Stock Image C027/9633 - Science Photo LibrarySodium Chloride Crystals - Stock Image C027/9633 - Science Photo Library
Sodium chloride crystals. Better known as salt, this ionic compound (NaCl) consists of ions of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). As it is an ionic compound, it can dissolve in polar solvents (such as water) to form a solution. The solid crystals can be reformed by evaporation. It is obtained from sea water and underground deposits. It is an essential part of the diet, sodium and chloride ions being vital for body biochemistry, reflecting lifes origin in the sea. NaCl is an industrial source of sodium and chlorine. - Stock Image C027/9633
BMRB Entry 15002BMRB Entry 15002
Unlabelled_sample: CtBP THAP domain 1 mM; sodium phosphate 20 mM; sodium chloride 100 mM; DTT 1 mM; DSS 0.1 mM. 15N_sample: CtBP THAP domain, [U-99% 15N], 0.4 0.5 mM; sodium phosphate 20 mM; sodium chloride 100 mM; DTT 1 mM; DSS 0.1 mM. 15N_13C_labelled_sample: CtBP THAP domain, [U-98% 13C; U-98% 15N], 0.6 mM; sodium phosphate 20 mM; sodium chloride 100 mM; DTT 1 mM; DSS 0.1 mM. D2O_sample: CtBP THAP domain, [U-98% 13C; U-98% 15N], 0.6 mM; sodium phosphate 20 mM; sodium chloride 100 mM; DTT 1 mM; DSS 0.1 mM. condition_H2O: ionic strength: 0.12 M; pH: 6.5; pressure: 1 atm; temperature: 298 K. condition_D2O: ionic strength: 0.12 M; pH: 6.9; pressure: 1 atm; temperature: 298 K ...
How much sodium chloride to use when mixing - Eazol for pain and aches relief - Jun 19, 2017How much sodium chloride to use when mixing - Eazol for pain and aches relief - Jun 19, 2017
How much sodium chloride to use when mixing - Environmental, Health and Economic Impacts of Road Salt on Water.... Soothing, Natural Eazol Eases Your Aches, Pains and Twinges relief.
Transcription factor WRKY46 modulates the development of Arabidopsis lateral roots in osmotic/salt stress conditions via...Transcription factor WRKY46 modulates the development of Arabidopsis lateral roots in osmotic/salt stress conditions via...
The development of lateral roots (LR) is known to be severely inhibited by salt or osmotic stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LR development in osmotic/salt stress conditions are poorly understood. Here we show that the gene encoding the WRKY transcription factor WRKY46 (WRKY46) is expressed throughout lateral root primordia (LRP) during early LR development and that expression is subsequently restricted to the stele of the mature LR. In osmotic/salt stress conditions, lack of WRKY46 (in loss-of-function wrky46 mutants) significantly reduces, while overexpression of WRKY46 enhances, LR development. We also show that exogenous auxin largely restores LR development in wrky46 mutants, and that the auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) inhibits LR development in both wild-type (WT; Col-0) and in a line overexpressing WRKY46 (OV46). Subsequent analysis of abscisic acid (ABA)-related mutants indicated that WRKY46 expression is down-regulated by ABA signaling, and up
Genome-level homology and phylogeny of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria: Vibrionales) with three new complete genome sequences...Genome-level homology and phylogeny of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria: Vibrionales) with three new complete genome sequences...
Members of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria: Vibrionales) have been known since 1854 (Pacini) and were shown to be distinct much before pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the most distinct diagnostic "morphological" feature, the existence of two chromosomes [1]. The interest in these bacteria is not surprising given that several species are pathogenic to humans and marine organisms and others are bioluminescent symbionts of marine fishes and squids e.g.[2-7]. Some lesser-known species are psychrophiles (live in cold temperatures), piezophiles (live at high pressures), or halophiles (live at high NaCl concentration; [8]). The diversity of ecologies represented by members of Vibrionaceae has led to enthusiastic genome sequencing in the group, which has focused most heavily on pathogenic species (more than 31 strains of V. cholerae are available on GenBank as of 2012).. A phylogenetic hypothesis based on complete genomes was desired for Vibrionaceae. While the analysis presented in [9] for ...
Experimental studies of effects of hydrogen-rich saline in ra...Experimental studies of effects of hydrogen-rich saline in ra...
[Experimental studies of effects of hydrogen-rich saline in rats with severe acute pancreatitis].: Hydrogen-rich saline can decrease the levels of inflammatory
Characterization of an acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 and study of catalytic potential in response to...Characterization of an acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 and study of catalytic potential in response to...
An acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 was purified after solid state fermentation on potato peel substrate. Molecular mass of the purified α-amylase was 37.5 kDa and it exhibited 1.4 mg/ml and 0.992 μ/mol/min Km and Vmax values, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range from 2.0 to 6.0, at high NaCl concentration (3 M) and at temperatures between 40 °C and 70 °C. The enzyme showed an optimal activity at pH 3.0 and at 45 °C. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+ and was stable in the presence of different surfactants (Tween 60, Tween 80, and SDS at 1% level) and different inhibitory reagents (β-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and sodium azide). This acidophilic amylase enzyme can digest heterogeneous food materials, i.e. the mixture of rice, fish, bread and curry with comparable activity to the commercial diastase enzymes available.. ...
BOTOX 50 Units | SPC | Allergan Ltd | Medicines.ieBOTOX 50 Units | SPC | Allergan Ltd | Medicines.ie
In section 3 (pharmaceutical form), the pharmaceutical form was expanded.. In section 4.2 (posology and method of administration), clarification was provided to reconstitute BOTOX with sterile unpreserved normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution for injection).. In section 4.8 (undesirable effects), adverse reactions listed for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity, also occured in Phase 2 clinical trials. In additional information, dry eye (associated with periocular injections) and localised muscle twitching/involuntary muscle contractions were added.. In section 6.4 (special precautions for storage), freezer temperature was updated to -5°C to -20°C.. In section 6.6 (special precautions for disposal and other handling), clarification was provided to reconstitute BOTOX with sterile unpreserved normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution for injection). ...
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATIONS ON GERMINATION OF SEEDS Essay - Argumentative Essays TopicsTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALT CONCENTRATIONS ON GERMINATION OF SEEDS Essay - Argumentative Essays Topics
Dependent Variable: Seed sprouting rate. Independent Variable: The salt solutions and salt concentration. Through my intensive research I discovered there were presently major environmental factors sing to the deficiency of works productiveness for harvest production parts, but through this research I discovered one of the chief factors was salt in dirt. Salt in dirt is a major issue for turning harvests for most parts of the planet, particularly the dry parts where the seed would miss H2O to turn. The husbandmans wo nt be able to cultivate their ain harvests due to seeds non being able to shoot as harvest output is decreased. However in some instances, if the seed does pull off to shoot, the works would frequently turn with many ion lacks. During my research I discovered a theory, which involved shooting a seed in saltwater and it was told it had a immense consequence on the seed. So I did research on saltwater and compared and I discovered it had assortment of different ions dissolved within ...
Hot and Cold Water as a Supercritical SolventHot and Cold Water as a Supercritical Solvent
This dissertation addresses the anomalous properties of water at high temperatures near the vapor-liquid critical point and at low temperatures in the supercooled liquid region. The first part of the dissertation is concerned with the concentration dependence of the critical temperature, density, and pressure of an aqueous sodium chloride solution. Because of the practical importance of an accurate knowledge of critical parameters for industrial, geochemical, and biological applications, an empirical equation for the critical locus of aqueous sodium chloride solutions was adopted in 1999 by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) as a guideline. However, since this original ,italic,Guideline on the Critical Locus of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Chloride,/italic, was developed, two new theoretical developments occurred, motivating the first part of this dissertation. Here, I present a theory-based formulation for the critical parameters of aqueous sodium ...
Daunorrubicina - dosage, side effects and precautionsDaunorrubicina - dosage, side effects and precautions
To prepare this medicine, a 4ml vial is filled with sterile water for injection and is slowly turned until the essential material has been dissolved completely in the sterile water. Each vial can produce 20mg of Daunorrubicina. The required dosage is drawn using an injection syringe already containing 10to 15ml of 0.9 percent sodium chloride solution. The solution is then injected into a swiftly flowing 5 percent of dextrose injection or 0.9 percent of sodium chloride solution. Daunorrubicina should not be administered to patients with the combination of other medicines especially heparin.. The dosage of the medicament depends on the patients age, body surface area, condition and medical history.. For the patients under the age of 60 suffering from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, the advised dosage is 45mg per m2 per day of Daunorrubicina IV infusion for first three days of the first treatment and on first two days of the succeeding courses. Another medicament, cytosine arabinoside should be ...
Daunorubicine - dosage, side effects, precautionsDaunorubicine - dosage, side effects, precautions
Before receiving Daunorubinine injection, tell the doctor about your past or existing medical history or condition. About making Daunorubicine, a vial is filled with 4 mL of sterile water for injection and slowly turned until the material is fully dissolved in water. Each vial offers 20 mg of Daunorubicine, then the specified dosage is drawn accompanied by a syringe already containing 10 to 15 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The solution is then injected in a rapidly flowing 5% dextrose injection or 0.9 sodium chloride solution. It is not recommended to give Daunorubicine with other medications, particularly heparin.. The dosage of Daunorubicine varies from person to person, depending on the patients age, area of the body surface and condition. Patients under 60years of age with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is suggested a dosage of 45mg/m2 per day of Daunorubicine IV infusion and given on the first 3days of the first course of treatment. The other medication, cytosine arabinoside, they ...
Full text of Medical Jurisprudence And ToxicologyFull text of "Medical Jurisprudence And Toxicology"
576 MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE (ii) Side-view. The cells are about 160 micro-millimetres long, and about 9 micro-millimetres wide without any appreciable tapering The cells show a uniform lumen varying from about 1 to 3 micro-millimetres in diameter. The cell-walls do not show a ribbed appearance owing to the absence of fine transverse strise. Tests. Physiological. A watery infusion of abrin or a decoction of the seeds, if dropped into the eye, causes purulent ophthalmia. A thin emulsion of the bruised seed in distilled water, when injected hypodermically into a fowl, produces inflammation and necrosis at the seat of injection and kills the bird in about twenty-four to thirty-six hours. The following method is used for extracting abrin from the seeds : The kernel left after the removal of the seed envelope is rubbed in a mortar with 4 per cent sodium chloride solution in which abrin is soluble. It is allowed to settle when the sodium chloride solution of abrin is separated out. This process is ...
How Do I Tell The Difference Between KCl (potassium Chloride) And NaCl (sodium Chloride)? - BlurtitHow Do I Tell The Difference Between KCl (potassium Chloride) And NaCl (sodium Chloride)? - Blurtit
Answer (1 of 2): It is called the litmus test. Sodium Chloride solution is very nearly neutral while Hydrochloric Acid is highly acidic. Blue litmus paper will turn red in the Hcl acid while it will turn rather purple in the neutral NaCl solution. BTW mixing HCL and NaOh ( Sodium Hydroxide) produces a neutral solution of NaCl (Table salt) and H2O (water).
Effect of hypertonic conditions on protein synthesis in MA104 cells infected with human rotavirus | SpringerLinkEffect of hypertonic conditions on protein synthesis in MA104 cells infected with human rotavirus | SpringerLink
When a high NaCl concentration was used to decrease selectively the synthesis of cell proteins, the synthesis of most cellular polypeptides was greatly diminished relative to human rotavirus...
Pressor Effect of Hypertonic Saline on Pulmonary Circulation | Circulation ResearchPressor Effect of Hypertonic Saline on Pulmonary Circulation | Circulation Research
It has been suggested that the pressor effect of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride on the Pulmonary circulation results from spasm of the pulmonary veins at their junction with the left atrium. These studies demonstrate that the increased resistance in the pulmonary vessels develops upstream to this site and that it may result primarily from mechanical blockage of vessels by clumped erythrocytes rather than from vasoconstriction.. ...
A study of tungsten nanopowder formation by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (Journal Article) | SciTech ConnectA study of tungsten nanopowder formation by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (Journal Article) | SciTech Connect
Molten salt-assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline W powder was studied experimentally. The technique involves the reduction of WO{sub 3} in the presence of sodium chloride using three different reducing agents: magnesium (Mg), sodium azide (NaN{sub 3}), and sodium borohydride (NaBH{sub 4}). The effects of the mole fraction of sodium chloride on temperature distributions, combustion parameters, phase compositions, and morphology of the final products were determined. The sodium chloride-assisted method reported here has been found to be effective for lowering combustion temperature and producing uniform and spherical W nanopowders of average particle size around 20-200, 100-200, and 20-50 nm. The effect of combustion temperature on tungsten particle size is discussed, and a sketch describing the chemistry of combustion is proposed. ...
SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION (Sodium Chloride 14.6% Concentrate Vial) Warnings and Precautions | Pfizer Información Médica -...SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION (Sodium Chloride 14.6% Concentrate Vial) Warnings and Precautions | Pfizer Información Médica -...
14.6% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP Additive Solution must be diluted before infusion to avoid a sudden increase in the level of plasma sodium. Too rapid administration should be avoided.. Special caution should be used in administering sodium containing solutions to patients with severe renal impairment, cirrhosis of the liver, cardiac failure, or other edematous or sodium-retaining states.. Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.. Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral fluids, especially those containing sodium ions, to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.. Do not use unless the solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.. Pregnancy. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with sodium chloride. It is also ...
Sodium and volume sensitivity of blood pressure. Age and pressure change over time. | HypertensionSodium and volume sensitivity of blood pressure. Age and pressure change over time. | Hypertension
Salt sensitivity has been implicated in the age-related increase in blood pressure. We studied the reproducibility of a rapid method for assessing sodium sensitivity and resistance of blood pressure as well as the effect of age on this phenomenon. Blood pressure after volume expansion with 2 l intravenous saline (0.9%) over 4 hours was compared with that after 1 day of 10 mmol sodium chloride intake and 3 and 40 mg oral doses of furosemide. Normal and hypertensive subjects (n = 28) were studied twice within a year. Cross-sectional observations of the effect of age were made from studies in 230 hypertensive and 430 normotensive subjects. Longitudinal observations of blood pressure change over time were made 10 or more years after categorization of sodium responsivity in 31 subjects. The blood pressure response was reproducible in 28 subjects studied twice (r = 0.56, p less than 0.002). Four subjects changed salt-responsiveness status and six were indeterminate on restudy. Sodium sensitivity of ...
Ameliorative Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Salt Tolerance and Ion Homeostasis in Lemon (C. limon) SeedlingsAmeliorative Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Salt Tolerance and Ion Homeostasis in Lemon (C. limon) Seedlings
To investigate interaction effects of salinity and nitrogen on growth, mineral composition and salinity tolerance of lemon seedlings, a greenhouse experiment with four sodium chloride concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 soil) and four nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 soil ammonium sulfate) was carried out. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Sodium and chloride ions in plant tissues were increased to toxic levels with increase in salinity which resulted in a significant reduction of plant dry weight. Nitrogen consumption up to 100 mg kg-1 soil increased plant dry weight. As the concentration of sodium chloride was increased, the improvement effect of nitrogen on plant growth was decreased. Although nitrogen had no considerable effect on sodium concentration in root and shoot, it made a decrease in chloride concentration in shoot and an increase in root concentration of this element. Salinity decreased essential nutrients concentration
Practical Recent Abstracts | Veterinary Answers, LLCPractical Recent Abstracts | Veterinary Answers, LLC
Edited by Jennifer S. Fryer, DVMThe influence of crystalloid type on acid-base and electrolyte status of cats with urethral obstructionDrobatz KJ, Cole SG. JVECCS 2008; 18: 355 - 361.To compare the effect of a balanced isotonic crystalloid solution with that of 0.9% sodium chloride on the acid[ndash]base and electrolyte status of cats with urethral obstruction.…
Alfa Aesar™ Sodium chloride, crystalline powder PDV, 99+% 1000g Alfa Aesar™ Sodium chloride, crystalline powder PDV, 99+%Alfa Aesar™ Sodium chloride, crystalline powder PDV, 99+% 1000g Alfa Aesar™ Sodium chloride, crystalline powder PDV, 99+%
Alfa Aesar™ Sodium chloride, crystalline powder PDV, 99+% 1000g Alfa Aesar™ Sodium chloride, crystalline powder PDV, 99+% halides
What You Should Know About Taking Hydromorphone (PF) In 0.9 % Sodium Chloride Intravenous when pregnant, nursing, or...What You Should Know About Taking Hydromorphone (PF) In 0.9 % Sodium Chloride Intravenous when pregnant, nursing, or...
WebMD provides important information about Hydromorphone (PF) In 0.9 % Sodium Chloride Intravenous such as if you can you take Hydromorphone (PF) In 0.9 % Sodium Chloride Intravenous when you are pregnant or nursing or If Hydromorphone (PF) In 0.9 % Sodium Chloride Intravenous dangerous for children or adults over 60.
The effects of salt stress on growth, nitrate reduction and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in Prosopis albaThe effects of salt stress on growth, nitrate reduction and proline and glycinebetaine accumulation in Prosopis alba
INTRODUCTION Soil salinity, resulting from natural processes or from crop irrigation with saline water, occurs in many arid to semi-arid regions of the world (Lauchli and Epstein, 1990). According to Tanji (1990), 20% of cultivated land worldwide is adversely affected by high salt concentration, which inhibits plant growth and yield. In warm and dry areas salt concentration increases in the upper soil layer due to high water losses which exceed precipitation (Ebert et al., 2002). Overcoming salt stress is a main issue in these regions to ensure agricultural sustainability and crop production. Algarrrobo (Prosopis alba) is a native legume from the semi-arid regions of north- western Argentina. Locally it is called "the tree ", because of its widespread occurrence and importance in providing nutritious pods suitable for human food and wood for the furniture industry (Felker et al., 2001). Compared with other forest species, algarrrobo is ranked as a very salt tolerant tree because it can grow at ...
An investigation into whether the voltage affects the amount of gas produced during the electrolysis of sodium chloride...An investigation into whether the voltage affects the amount of gas produced during the electrolysis of sodium chloride...
Introduction. An investigation into whether the voltage affects the amount of gas produced during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. Prediction: I think that hydrogen gas will be produced due to the half equation 2H +2e --,H this will be produced at the cathode because opposites attract and the hydrogen ions are positive. At the anode I think that chlorine will be produced due to the half equation 2CL -2e --,CL the chlorine ions are negative so they are attracted to the positive electrode. I also think that as the voltage is increased the amount of hydrogen gas produced will increase this is because of a series of scientific equations: if the voltage is increased the current then is increased, this is because of ohms law, V=IxR, where the voltage is proportional to the current, if the current is increased the charge then increases because Q=IxT. The number of moles of electrons=charge -:- 96500, this is Faradays constant from his 2nd law. The relationship between the amount of ...
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40MEQ IN DEXTROSE 5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER(DEXTROSE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM...POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40MEQ IN DEXTROSE 5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER(DEXTROSE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM...
药品名称:POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40MEQ IN DEXTROSE 5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER,活性成分:DEXTROSE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM CHLORIDE,剂型:INJECTABLE;INJECTION,规格:5GM/100ML;300MG/100ML;900MG/100ML,药品注册申请号:019308,产品号:007
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Experiments were performed on 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (weight 275-300 gm; Charles River, St Aubin les Elbeuf, France). For all experimental procedures, rats were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.p., supplemented by 50 mg/kg, i.m.; Imalgène 500, Rhône-Mérieux, France) and fixed in a conventional stereotaxic apparatus (Horsley Clarke Apparatus; Unimécanique, Epinay-sur-Seine, France). Body temperature was monitored and maintained at 37°C with an homeothermic warming blanket (Harvard Apparatus, Kent, UK).. Electrophysiological analysis. Single-unit activity was recorded extracellularly using glass micropipettes (6-10 MΩ) filled with a 0.6 m sodium chloride solution containing 4% Pontamine sky blue. Action potentials of single neurons were amplified with a World Precision Instruments DAM-5A differential preamplifier and displayed on a Tektronix memory oscilloscope. Spikes were separated from noise using a window discriminator and sampled on-line by a computer connected to a ...
Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria from Maharlu salt Lake - Iran and their evaluation for the production of bioactive compoundsIsolation of Halophilic Bacteria from Maharlu salt Lake - Iran and their evaluation for the production of bioactive compounds
Halophilic bacteria grow over a wide range of salt concentrations. In this study we aimed to isolate and screen out the halophilic bacteria and to determine their activity for production of the bioactive compounds. A total of 50 water, sediments and soil samples were collected from Maharlu salt lake in southern region of Fars-Iran and subjected for isolation of the bioactive compound producing Halophilic bacteria. The results obtained indicated that out of all isolates, three strains could produce the bioactive compounds. The isolates were molecular (16SrRNA) identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacterium Culaeen. Furthermore, structural analysis of the bioactive compounds was carried out in order to achieve maximum information concerning to them. The results obtained illustrated the existence of glycoprotein in all the bioactive compounds. Although, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillusniger and Mucor…. were sensitive to all the bioactive compounds, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 0.037% IN DEXTROSE 10% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER: Pharmaceutical manufacturers,...POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 0.037% IN DEXTROSE 10% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER: Pharmaceutical manufacturers,...
Generic POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 0.037% IN DEXTROSE 10% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER availability. Has a generic version of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 0.037% IN DEXTROSE 10% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER been approved? Find suppliers, manufacturers, and packagers
What salt does not raise blood pressure - EducationWhat salt does not raise blood pressure - Education
This sites design is only visible in a graphical browser that supports web standards, blood its content is accessible to any browser salt internet device. Always consult your physician for individual care. Sea salt, rock salt, garlic salt, natural salt are pressure salt and contain sodium. For not security, weve sent a confirmation what to the address you entered. These contain pressuee instead of sodium and may help to lower blood pressure. As for the factors that did seem to influence blood pressure, alcohol consumption, age, and most of all Does were strongly raise to a rise.. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. So when your doctor tells you to slash the salt in your diet, you may not know how to make food taste good without it. The latest U. On the low sodium chloride intake, blood pressures were not affected by high dietary sucrose group 1 versus 2. Multiply sodium by 2. Alternatives skip browser notice if you do not want to read about web standard browser ...
Difference Between Sodium Chloride and Potassium ChlorideDifference Between Sodium Chloride and Potassium Chloride
Sodium Chloride vs Potassium Chloride Sodium chloride and potassium chloride are ionic compounds. Both are solids, where cations and anions are in a
Things about Hydrogen-Rich Water! (one) - AOK WATER MAYU TECH GROUPThings about Hydrogen-Rich Water! (one) - AOK WATER MAYU TECH GROUP
What is hydrogen-rich water?What is hydrogen-rich water? Hydrogen-rich water is water that dissolves hydrogen. Generally, hydrogen can be dissolved in the water slightly. In the conditions of atmosphe...
sodium chloride comsodium chloride com
sodium chloride n. A colorless or white crystalline compound, NaCl, used in the manufacture of chemicals and as a food preservative and seasoning. sodium chloride n (Elements & Compounds) common table salt a soluble colourless crystalline compound occurring naturally as halite and in sea water: widely used as a seasoning and preservative for food and Read More ...
sodium chloride nasal spray | adamkessy2013sodium chloride nasal spray | adamkessy2013
sodium chloride nasal sprayThe main use of sterile saline solution contact. It is used to wash to rinse contact lenses calcium deposits or debris that may build . The administration of this solution is also important immediately prior contact must be made in the case sodium chloride nasal spray . Is created to mimic natural…
Sodium chloride injection U.S.PSodium chloride injection U.S.P
0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, contains 4.5 g/L sodium chloride with an osmolarity of 154 mOsmol/L. It contains 77 mEq/L sodium and 77 mEq/L ...
Salt (Sodium Chloride) Manufacturers & Suppliers Directory | PaperIndex.comSalt (Sodium Chloride) Manufacturers & Suppliers' Directory | PaperIndex.com
PaperIndex salt (sodium chloride) directory has information about salt (sodium chloride) suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, exporters, and pulp and paper chemicals factories / mills around the world.
Characterization of an inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase gene that is essential for drought and salt stress responses in...Characterization of an inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase gene that is essential for drought and salt stress responses in...
Read "Characterization of an inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase gene that is essential for drought and salt stress responses in rice, Plant Molecular Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLASES OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS (SALT MINE AND SALT LAKES)EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLASES OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS (SALT MINE AND SALT LAKES)
This work aims to reveal the ability of halophilic microorganisms, both bacteria and archaea, isolated from salted lakes and salt crystals from the salt mine, to produce a wide range of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade several macromolecular substrates, such as sugar based polymers or proteins. A relatively wide positive spectrum of extracellular hydrolases for tested substrates was recorded from archaeal and bacterial strains isolated from investigated salted area. The number appears to be higher if comparing isolates from salt lakes with isolates from salt crystal. In the case of tested halophilic bacteria were found enzymes capable of hydrolyzing starch, casein, Tween80 and carboxymethylcellulose. In the case of microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain, identified on the surface of the crystal and belonging to Halorubrum genus was detected the ability to degrade starch and seldom Tween80. In some cases, a combined hydrolytic activity has been observed. One halophilic ...
EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLASES OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS (SALT MINE AND SALT LAKES)EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLASES OF HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS (SALT MINE AND SALT LAKES)
This work aims to reveal the ability of halophilic microorganisms, both bacteria and archaea, isolated from salted lakes and salt crystals from the salt mine, to produce a wide range of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade several macromolecular substrates, such as sugar based polymers or proteins. A relatively wide positive spectrum of extracellular hydrolases for tested substrates was recorded from archaeal and bacterial strains isolated from investigated salted area. The number appears to be higher if comparing isolates from salt lakes with isolates from salt crystal. In the case of tested halophilic bacteria were found enzymes capable of hydrolyzing starch, casein, Tween80 and carboxymethylcellulose. In the case of microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain, identified on the surface of the crystal and belonging to Halorubrum genus was detected the ability to degrade starch and seldom Tween80. In some cases, a combined hydrolytic activity has been observed. One halophilic ...
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1. Sodium lactate inhibits the hemolyticaction otherwise caused by hypotonic sodium chloride solutions. With a concentration of 0.4 per cent NaCl a decrease in hemolysis takes place concomitant with an increase in concentrations of sodium lactate. With still lower concentrations of NaCl, hemolysis was intensified to such an extent that with 0.3 per cent NaCl hemolysis was complete notwithstanding the addition of 1:1,000 lactic acid and that with 0.2 per cent NaCl it was complete with 1:500 lactic acid, lactic acid being used in the form of sodium lactate solution.. 2. a. With sodium lactate of pH = 7 alone hemolysis occurred at a concentration of about 1:200 to 1:300.. b. With sodium lactate pH = 5 it occurred at a concentration of about 1:100 to 1:200, and was accompanied by a simultaneous destruction of hemoglobin.. c. With lactic acid alone an instantaneous decomposition of hemoglobin takes place.. ...
SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION (Sodium Chloride 0.9% Carpuject and Vial) Overdosage | Pfizer Medical Information - NicaraguaSODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION (Sodium Chloride 0.9% Carpuject and Vial) Overdosage | Pfizer Medical Information - Nicaragua
Use only as a diluent or solvent. This parenteral preparation is unlikely to pose a threat of carbohydrate, sodium chloride or fluid overload except possibly in neonates or very small infants. In the event these should occur, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS. ...
Cimetidine Hydrochloride In Sodium Chloride 0.9% In Plastic Container Discounts and Coupons - Cheaper Cimetidine Hydrochloride...Cimetidine Hydrochloride In Sodium Chloride 0.9% In Plastic Container Discounts and Coupons - Cheaper Cimetidine Hydrochloride...
Cimetidine Hydrochloride In Sodium Chloride 0.9% In Plastic Container Discounts and Coupons - Cheaper Cimetidine Hydrochloride In Sodium Chloride 0.9% In Plastic Container Prices
Sodium Chloride Market 2016-2020 Industry exmined by Syndicate Market ResearchSodium Chloride Market 2016-2020 Industry exmined by Syndicate Market Research
The global sodium chloride market is primarily driven by increasing chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Sodium chloride is commonly known as salt that is very important commercially and biologically.
Mathematical modelling of density and viscosity of nacl aqueous solutions-Andrei Ionuţ Simion, Cristina-Gabriela Grigoraş, Ana...Mathematical modelling of density and viscosity of nacl aqueous solutions-Andrei Ionuţ Simion, Cristina-Gabriela Grigoraş, Ana...
Sodium chloride is one of the most important substances used in food industry especially as flavour enhancer and as preservative agent. It can be also involved in various other processes including drying, cooling, cryopreservation etc. The proper use of sodium chloride solutions implies a good knowledge of the behaviour of its thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, heat capacity, entropy etc. This paper focuses on establishing mathematical correlations between density and viscosity and parameters such as low temperature and concentration. The regression analysis leaded to several equations able to describe the cited properties. The calculated data revealed a high similarity with the existing experimental ones confirming the accuracy of the obtained mathematical models. The developed equations can be loaded in computer spreadsheet softwares for storing, organizing and manipulating data necessary for industrial and academic users and so facilitating the sizing and optimization ...
Facilities, Mechanical, Electrical, and Building Engineer » WaterFacilities, Mechanical, Electrical, and Building Engineer » Water
Reverse Osmosis or RO is used to purifying water containing more than 200 PPM of total dissolved solids. The process can be compared to filtration, except that the particles to be filtered are extremely small, up to molecular level. The solids are no longer in suspension, but are dissolved in the water.. Semi-permeable membranes are used as the filter medium.. In order for the water to pass through the microscopic pores of the membranes, it has to be pressurized to a high pressure by RO pumps. The water has to overcome the osmotic pressure exerted by the different salt concentrations on the 2 sides of the membrane. It has also to force the water through the membrane. The pressure is usually more than 10 bar.. Pure water passes through the membrane and the molecular particles remain at the supply water. The membrane is able to remove suspended particles, organic carbon, microorganism salts, most inorganic salts. These remaining impurities are led away as reject water. As much as 99 percent of the ...
Chemoprevention of gastric cancer by celecoxib in rats | GutChemoprevention of gastric cancer by celecoxib in rats | Gut
In this study, we determined the role of COX-2 inhibition in the prevention of sodium chloride enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in Wistar rats. MNNG induced gastric cancer is a well established animal model of stomach carcinogenesis.16 The mutagen, when given in drinking water, induces intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma in the pyloric mucosa of Wistar rats.1620 The histology of this induced gastric malignancy resembles the differentiated type of stomach cancer in humans. To enhance the carcinogenic effects of MNNG, highly concentrated sodium chloride solution was given to these animals in the initial six weeks.17 In the present study, 75% of MNNG treated animals developed gastric cancer at the end of 48 weeks, confirming that this is a highly successful model of gastric tumorigenesis.. Although the exact mechanism underlying MNNG induced gastric cancer remains poorly understood, previous studies showed that the genetic makeup of the animals may play a role.21 For example, ...
The effect of slag composition and curing duration on the chloride ingress resistance of slag-blended cements - White Rose...The effect of slag composition and curing duration on the chloride ingress resistance of slag-blended cements - White Rose...
This paper reports the influence of varying curing durations on the chloride ingress resistance of slag blends. Samples were prepared by combining two slags (S1 and S2) with CEM I 52·5R cement at 30% by weight of slag. Mortar samples were cured for either 7 or 28 d, before being exposed to a 3% sodium chloride solution. Samples were subjected to two chloride exposure conditions (either complete submersion or a cyclic 6 h wetting and drying cycle). Depths of free chloride penetration as well as total and water-soluble chloride contents were measured for the exposed samples. Samples cured for 28 d before exposure showed far better resistance to chloride ingress than those cured for 7 d. The cement-slag blend with S1, having an alumina content of 12·23%, performed better than the blend with S2 (alumina content of 7·77%), especially for samples cured for 7 d. This was attributed to the higher basicity of S1. However, when the samples were cured for 28 d, the difference between the performances of ...
Import of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water to GreeceImport of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water to Greece
In 2019, Import of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water to Greece was 9998737 US Dollars. Discover more data with NationMaster!
HaliteHalite
RAVEN (Respecting Aboriginal Values & Environmental Needs)RAVEN (Respecting Aboriginal Values & Environmental Needs)
Io (moon)Io (moon)
Saline (medicine)Saline (medicine)
Löfflers mediumLöffler's medium
CanningCanning
Intravenous sugar solutionIntravenous sugar solution
Adolf StachelAdolf Stachel
Cyclic saltCyclic salt
Chilca, CañeteChilca, Cañete
Water of crystallizationWater of crystallization
Cubic crystal systemCubic crystal system
KochbrunnenKochbrunnen
Salt and cardiovascular diseaseSalt and cardiovascular disease
SzczawnicaSzczawnica
Bonding in solidsBonding in solids
Mass spectrometryMass spectrometry
Ionic bondingIonic bonding
William Robert BousfieldWilliam Robert Bousfield
Hydrolyzed vegetable proteinHydrolyzed vegetable protein
NaCl (disambiguation)NaCl (disambiguation)
Pachpadra LakePachpadra Lake
DermabrasionDermabrasion
ReuptakeReuptake
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistryIUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid
List of minerals (complete)List of minerals (complete)
WNK3WNK3
ProsciuttoProsciutto
Invisible inkInvisible ink
Železov(III) klorid - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaŽelezov(III) klorid - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
KetoneKetone
Group 3 elementGroup 3 element
Pre-Bötzinger complexPre-Bötzinger complex
GABRA4GABRA4
Sodium ferrocyanideSodium ferrocyanide
Alkali metalAlkali metal
NephrologyNephrology
Activated carbonActivated carbon
PremazepamPremazepam
List of inorganic compoundsList of inorganic compounds
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulatorGABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Iodine valueIodine value
Crest (toothpaste)Crest (toothpaste)
Mineral (nutrient)Mineral (nutrient)
HalostachineHalostachine
GingerGinger
藥物過量 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书藥物過量 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Cav1.2Cav1.2
Bis-(2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl)oxalateBis-(2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl)oxalate
NatronNatron
Ionic liquidIonic liquid
FluoresceinFluorescein
DiureticDiuretic
Equisetum bogotenseEquisetum bogotense
SilaneSilane
Reducing agentReducing agent
Acute inhalation injuryAcute inhalation injury
Pepper sprayPepper spray
Superoxide dismutaseSuperoxide dismutase
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Sodium ChlorideChloridesSodiumChloride ChannelsSodium Chloride, DietarySodium Chloride SymportersSaline Solution, HypertonicSodium ChannelsSodium BicarbonateSodium, DietaryVinyl ChlorideOsmolar ConcentrationCalcium ChloridePotassium ChlorideDiet, Sodium-RestrictedHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIsotonic SolutionsTasteSucroseSodium LactatePolyvinyl ChlorideElectrolytesSodium IsotopesPotassiumTaste ThresholdFood PreservationFood PackagingSodium NitriteSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 3Water-Electrolyte BalanceBicarbonatesBromidesWaterOsmosisMercuric ChlorideCulture MediaPotassium CompoundsMeat ProductsHypertonic SolutionsCetylpyridiniumCitric AcidKidneyMannitolSolutionsMethylene ChlorideKineticsSaltsTemperatureGitelman SyndromeAmmonium ChlorideLithium ChlorideDrug StorageSodium Channel BlockersOsmotic PressureFurosemideTime FactorsBiological Transport, ActiveSodium Dodecyl SulfateLoop of HenleBlood PressureFood PreservativesNatriuresisCitratesDrinkingBenzalkonium CompoundsAcid-Base EquilibriumQuinineMembrane PotentialsDrug StabilityDose-Response Relationship, DrugTaste PerceptionElectrolysisMolecular WeightSodium CompoundsBiological TransportAttitude to DeathCalciumGlycolsOuabainKidney TubulesHypotonic SolutionsRats, Inbred StrainsDiuresisPhotometryHydrochloric AcidUreaKidney Tubules, DistalRabbitsCadmium ChlorideBuffersFluid TherapyHypertensionHot TemperatureKidney MedullaIn Vitro Oocyte Maturation TechniquesStaphylococcusAldosteroneCattleSodium SalicylateAmilorideSporesRats, Sprague-DawleyCromolyn SodiumSymportersSulfatesSodium AzideDiarrhea Virus 2, Bovine ViralMineral WatersFood MicrobiologyDietMagnesiumResearchAerosolsDesoxycorticosteronePharmacologyFludrocortisoneMeatRats, WistarSaccharinCell Membrane PermeabilityElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelPotassium, DietaryChemical PrecipitationReninSodium AcetateSodium HypochloriteFish ProductsSolubilityFiltrationChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalMolecular Sequence DataAmmonium SulfateAmino AcidsDiureticsWater DeprivationCell MembraneFood HandlingAdsorptionSwineGlucoseMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningRespiratory Protective DevicesPerfusionPediococcus4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic AcidEpitheliumChemistry, PharmaceuticalDogsInfusions, ParenteralGlomerular Filtration RateIntestinal AbsorptionAnionsRandom AllocationPermeabilityChromatography, High Pressure LiquidSurface-Active AgentsBody WaterVinyl CompoundsCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsAcetatesNAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelChlorineSodium FluorideColorimetryCarbohydratesClostridium botulinumEscherichia coliChromatography, GelVasopressinsCentrifugation, Density GradientAmino Acid SequenceDehydrationSterilizationNitroprussideDialysisHalobacteriumUrineCentrifugationDetergentsLithiumCells, CulturedElectric ConductivityFood PreferencesChromatographyNitrogenaseAcetic AcidChemistryInfusions, IntravenousCell LineInjectionsDiapause, InsectChemical PhenomenaSheepMusclesMethylnitronitrosoguanidineAgarSodium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsSodium RadioisotopesFreezingElectrophysiology
Sodium Chloride | Encyclopedia.comSodium Chloride | Encyclopedia.com
Answers about Salt (Sodium Chloride)Answers about Salt (Sodium Chloride)
BAM R72: 0.2 M Sodium Chloride Solution | FDABAM R72: 0.2 M Sodium Chloride Solution | FDA
Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2018-2023: ... - MarketBizGlobal Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Chloride Market 2018-2023: ... - MarketBiz
sodium chloride (inhalation)sodium chloride (inhalation)
Purex (Sodium Chloride)Purex (Sodium Chloride)
Ultra Dry Sodium Chloride | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®Ultra Dry Sodium Chloride | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®
VEE GEE Hydrometer,Sodium Chloride,305mm L - 20KL48|6611-2 - GraingerVEE GEE Hydrometer,Sodium Chloride,305mm L - 20KL48|6611-2 - Grainger
RCSB PDB - 2ITC: Potassium Channel KcsA-Fab complex in Sodium ChlorideRCSB PDB - 2ITC: Potassium Channel KcsA-Fab complex in Sodium Chloride
Catching Flies with Sodium ChlorideCatching Flies with Sodium Chloride
Who should use sodium chloride? | Nasal Agent - SharecareWho should use sodium chloride? | Nasal Agent - Sharecare
Sodium Chloride Crystals - Stock Image C027/9633 - Science Photo LibrarySodium Chloride Crystals - Stock Image C027/9633 - Science Photo Library
Wavefunction, Inc. - Japan 製品 ODYSSEY Sodium ChlorideWavefunction, Inc. - Japan 製品 ODYSSEY Sodium Chloride
Sodium-chloride symporter - WikipediaSodium-chloride symporter - Wikipedia
Sodium chloride (data page) - WikipediaSodium chloride (data page) - Wikipedia

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AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Sodium ChlorideChloridesSodiumChloride ChannelsSodium Chloride, DietarySodium Chloride SymportersSaline Solution, HypertonicSodium ChannelsSodium BicarbonateSodium, DietaryVinyl ChlorideOsmolar ConcentrationCalcium ChloridePotassium ChlorideDiet, Sodium-RestrictedHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIsotonic SolutionsTasteSucroseSodium LactatePolyvinyl ChlorideElectrolytesSodium IsotopesPotassiumTaste ThresholdFood PreservationFood PackagingSodium NitriteSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 3Water-Electrolyte BalanceBicarbonatesBromidesWaterOsmosisMercuric ChlorideCulture MediaPotassium CompoundsMeat ProductsHypertonic SolutionsCetylpyridiniumCitric AcidKidneyMannitolSolutionsMethylene ChlorideKineticsSaltsTemperatureGitelman SyndromeAmmonium ChlorideLithium ChlorideDrug StorageSodium Channel BlockersOsmotic PressureFurosemideTime FactorsBiological Transport, ActiveSodium Dodecyl SulfateLoop of HenleBlood PressureFood PreservativesNatriuresisCitratesDrinkingBenzalkonium CompoundsAcid-Base EquilibriumQuinineMembrane PotentialsDrug StabilityDose-Response Relationship, DrugTaste PerceptionElectrolysisMolecular WeightSodium CompoundsBiological TransportAttitude to DeathCalciumGlycolsOuabainKidney TubulesHypotonic SolutionsRats, Inbred StrainsDiuresisPhotometryHydrochloric AcidUreaKidney Tubules, DistalRabbitsCadmium ChlorideBuffersFluid TherapyHypertensionHot TemperatureKidney MedullaIn Vitro Oocyte Maturation TechniquesStaphylococcusAldosteroneCattleSodium SalicylateAmilorideSporesRats, Sprague-DawleyCromolyn SodiumSymportersSulfatesSodium AzideDiarrhea Virus 2, Bovine ViralMineral WatersFood MicrobiologyDietMagnesiumResearchAerosolsDesoxycorticosteronePharmacologyFludrocortisoneMeatRats, WistarSaccharinCell Membrane PermeabilityElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelPotassium, DietaryChemical PrecipitationReninSodium AcetateSodium HypochloriteFish ProductsSolubilityFiltrationChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalMolecular Sequence DataAmmonium SulfateAmino AcidsDiureticsWater DeprivationCell MembraneFood HandlingAdsorptionSwineGlucoseMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningRespiratory Protective DevicesPerfusionPediococcus4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic AcidEpitheliumChemistry, PharmaceuticalDogsInfusions, ParenteralGlomerular Filtration RateIntestinal AbsorptionAnionsRandom AllocationPermeabilityChromatography, High Pressure LiquidSurface-Active AgentsBody WaterVinyl CompoundsCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsAcetatesNAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelChlorineSodium FluorideColorimetryCarbohydratesClostridium botulinumEscherichia coliChromatography, GelVasopressinsCentrifugation, Density GradientAmino Acid SequenceDehydrationSterilizationNitroprussideDialysisHalobacteriumUrineCentrifugationDetergentsLithiumCells, CulturedElectric ConductivityFood PreferencesChromatographyNitrogenaseAcetic AcidChemistryInfusions, IntravenousCell LineInjectionsDiapause, InsectChemical PhenomenaSheepMusclesMethylnitronitrosoguanidineAgarSodium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsSodium RadioisotopesFreezingElectrophysiology
NaClIonsSeawaterCarbonateInjectionGlobal sodium chloride marketCalcium chlorideCrystalsHydroxideChemicalElectrolysisMoltenSalt sodium chlorideContains sodiumPhosphateSTERILECationColorlessCompoundWhite crystallineTable saltMineralElectrolyteBicarbonateOsmolalityIntakeNonpyrogenicInhalationPure sodium
NaCl8
Ions5
Seawater4
Carbonate5
Injection2
Global sodium chloride market1
  • According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Sodium Chloride Market is accounted for $13.88 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach $22.99 billion by 2026 growing at a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period. (strategymrc.com)
Calcium chloride1
  • Calcium chloride is added to the sodium chloride to lower its melting point, from 800 C to 580 C. The lower temperature makes for less severe operating conditions, which then permits a simpler construction of the apparatus. (ristorantelemi.it)
Crystals1
Hydroxide1
Chemical5
Electrolysis1
Molten1
  • Sodium chloride melts at 1,474 ° F(801 ° C), boils at 2,670 ° F(1,465 ° C), has a density of 2.16 g/cm 3 (at 25 ° C), and conducts electricity when dissolved or in the molten state. (encyclopedia.com)
Salt sodium chloride1
Contains sodium2
Phosphate1
  • AEON SODIUM CHLORIDE 5% is a phosphate and preservative free hypertonic ophthalmic solution used for temporary alleviation of symptoms associated with corneal oedema. (rayner.com)
STERILE1
Cation1
Colorless1
Compound2
White crystalline2
Table salt1
Mineral2
Electrolyte2
Bicarbonate1
  • decreasing sodium chloride intake and increasing potassium (and bicarbonate-rich precursors) to help the aging skeleton. (algaecal.com)
Osmolality1
Intake2
Nonpyrogenic1
  • Nonpyrogenic Preservative free Single dose vial No bacteriostatic added Sodium Chloride 0.9% is packaged in a single 10 ml Flip-top single dose plastic vial. (melanotanexpress.com)
Inhalation9
Pure sodium1
What Is the Polarity of Sodium Chloride? | Reference.com
What Is the Polarity of Sodium Chloride? | Reference.com (reference.com)
RCSB PDB - 2ITC: Potassium Channel KcsA-Fab complex in Sodium Chloride
RCSB PDB - 2ITC: Potassium Channel KcsA-Fab complex in Sodium Chloride (rcsb.org)
Sodium Chloride | Encyclopedia.com
Sodium Chloride | Encyclopedia.com (encyclopedia.com)
SODIUM CHLORIDE (irrigant) | Pictures, Images, Labels | Healthgrades.com
SODIUM CHLORIDE (irrigant) | Pictures, Images, Labels | Healthgrades.com (healthgrades.com)
Products By Nacl_-_sodium_chloride Chemical Composition
Products By Nacl_-_sodium_chloride Chemical Composition (healingcrystals.com)
Baxter Issues Recall of Sodium Chloride Solution | BioPharm International
Baxter Issues Recall of Sodium Chloride Solution | BioPharm International (biopharminternational.com)
Zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, sodium molybdate, manganese sulphate, sodium fluoroborate, boracic acid, calcium chlorid from...
Zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, sodium molybdate, manganese sulphate, sodium fluoroborate, boracic acid, calcium chlorid from... (tradekey.com)
EWG rating for Loving Naturals Sunscreen Stick, SPF 30+ | EWG's 2018 Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Loving Naturals Sunscreen Stick, SPF 30+ | EWG's 2018 Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
EWG rating for Banana Boat Ultra Sport Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 100 | EWG's 2020 Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Banana Boat Ultra Sport Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 100 | EWG's 2020 Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
EWG rating for Amavara Transparent Mineral Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 30 | EWG's 2019 Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Amavara Transparent Mineral Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 30 | EWG's 2019 Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
Products That Contain SODIUM CHLORIDE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
Products That Contain SODIUM CHLORIDE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG (ewg.org)
Sodium Chloride: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Sodium Chloride: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)
Phosphocholine-chloride-sodium-salt-hydrate | VWR
Phosphocholine-chloride-sodium-salt-hydrate | VWR (us.vwr.com)
Sodium Chloride, NaCl
Sodium Chloride, NaCl (hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu)
Diamond Crystal Splash Ready 40 lb. Pool Salt-110002702 - The Home Depot
Diamond Crystal Splash Ready 40 lb. Pool Salt-110002702 - The Home Depot (homedepot.com)
Sodium hypochlorite-sodium chloride topical : Rate your experience with this treatment
Sodium hypochlorite-sodium chloride topical : Rate your experience with this treatment (webmd.com)
Molecular Expressions: Featured Microscopist - Loes Modderman - Sodium Chloride-Glycine Mixture
Molecular Expressions: Featured Microscopist - Loes Modderman - Sodium Chloride-Glycine Mixture (micro.magnet.fsu.edu)
Sodium Chloride (Injection Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Sodium Chloride (Injection Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
Al Safa Wholesale, Safa Suppliers - Alibaba
Al Safa Wholesale, Safa Suppliers - Alibaba (alibaba.com)
Slow sodium (sodium chloride)
Slow sodium (sodium chloride) (netdoctor.co.uk)
Sodium chloride (sea salt) - Ethique New Zealand & Australia
Sodium chloride (sea salt) - Ethique New Zealand & Australia (ethiqueworld.com)
Ind-Swift Limited Product Information | Medindia
Ind-Swift Limited Product Information | Medindia (medindia.net)
Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride (webbook.nist.gov)
Tom's of Maine Bar Soap, Lavender, 5oz
Tom's of Maine Bar Soap, Lavender, 5oz (tomsofmaine.com)