Small-Area Analysis
Orthopedic Procedures
Switzerland
Orthopedics
Health Services Research
Place effects for areas defined by administrative boundaries. (1/296)
This study estimates the effects of place on the distribution of health problems, health-related quality of life, general well-being, and family functioning for youths and adults aged 12 years and older. Data come from the Ontario Health Survey, a cross-sectional study done in 1990 to provide baseline statistical data on population health within 42 public health units throughout the province. Place effects were generally small and were influenced by both the size of the geographic area used to define place and the health indicator selected for study. Variations in health explainable at the public health region level were less than 1%. Variations in health explainable within smaller geographic boundaries (enumeration areas) ranged from 4.7% for health problems to 0.2% for family functioning. Adjustment for area differences in the age, gender, education, marital status, income, and birthplace of inhabitants reduced these place effects at the enumeration area level to 3.7% for health problems and to less than 0.1% for family functioning. The lack of evidence for place effects within large jurisdictional boundaries raises questions about both the usefulness of carrying out health needs assessment surveys within these areas and the informativeness of these geographic boundaries for studying place effects. (+info)Micro-level planning using rapid assessment for primary health care services. (2/296)
This paper describes the use of a rapid assessment technique in micro-level planning for primary health care services which has been developed in India. This methodology involves collecting household-level data through a quick sample survey to estimate client needs, coverage of services and unmet need, and using this data to formulate micro-level plans aimed at improving service coverage and quality for a primary health centre area. Analysis of the data helps to identify village level variations in unmet need and develop village profiles from which general interventions for overall improvement of service coverage and targeted interventions for selected villages are identified. A PHC area plan is developed based on such interventions. This system was tried out in 113 villages of three PHC centres of a district in Gujarat state of India. It demonstrated the feasibility and utility of this approach. However, it also revealed the barriers in the institutionalization of the system on a wider scale. The proposed micro-level planning methodology using rapid assessment would improve client-responsiveness of the health care system and provide a basis for increased decentralization. By focusing attention on under-served areas, it would promote equity in the use of health services. It would also help improve efficiency by making it possible to focus efforts on a small group of villages which account for most of the unmet need for services in an area. Thus the proposed methodology seems to be a feasible and an attractive alternative to the current top-down, target-based health planning in India. (+info)Reconstruction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sub-epidemics in Italian regions. (3/296)
BACKGROUND: The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections is likely to consist of sub-epidemics in local areas and/or risk groups. Small-area risk group specific analyses may thus be a suitable means of better understanding and controlling the epidemic course. METHODS: An age, period, and cohort back-calculation method was used to reconstruct region-specific epidemics of HIV infection. The HIV infection incidence rates were estimated for individual Italian regions by using as denominator the specific risk category population (i.e. intravenous drug user population [IDU], homosexual/ bisexual population [MSWM], and Italian general population for heterosexual contacts [HST]). Incidence rates obtained in this way represent the risk of HIV infection conditional to belonging to the specific sub-group of the population. RESULTS: The HIV epidemic is heterogeneous in terms of gender, risk category and region. The highest risk of HIV infection has been estimated in the Lombardia region (North-West area) among men belonging to the IDU category in 1985. In recent years, a trend of decrease in HIV has been estimated, especially among IDU and MSWM. For the HST category, some regions have shown trends of great increase, particularly on the island of Sardegna and the regions of Puglia and Sicilia (Southern Italy). In 1987, most HIV infections were observed among IDU (39-90%), while in 1992 the MSWM and HST categories made the greatest contribution to the HIV epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: The results stress the idea of sub-epidemics rather than a single epidemic affecting the entire country. Some Southern regions emerge as areas in which the spread of HIV infections, although still at a rather low level, should cause considerable concern, particularly the trend of new infections by heterosexual transmission involving the general population. Detailed information on levels and trends of HIV infection epidemics at the local level are essential for surveillance purposes and for planning health care facilities, and can highlight areas in which preventive measures can be effective. (+info)Do social factors affect where patients die: an analysis of 10 years of cancer deaths in England. (4/296)
BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether indices of social deprivation were related to the proportion of cancer patients who died at home. METHODS: Data were derived from death registrations for all cancer deaths 1985-1994 in England. Two indices of deprivation (Underprivileged Area Score (UPA), or Jarman, and Townsend scores) were calculated for each electoral ward; 1991 Census data were used. The scores use combinations of variables, including the percentage in overcrowded homes, the percentage of elderly people living alone, the percentage of one-parent families, etc. A high score indicates more deprivation. The main outcome measures were the proportion (in five and ten year averages) of cancer deaths which occurred at home, calculated for every electoral ward (with populations usually ranging from 5000 to 11,000). Spearman rho was used to test for correlations between the proportion of cancer deaths at home and deprivation score. Electoral wards were categorized by deprivation score into three groups of equal size and analysed over 10 years. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the relative association of different patient based and electoral ward variables with cancer death at home. p < 0.05 (two-tailed) was taken as significant. RESULTS: There were over 1.3 million death registrations from cancer in the 10 years. The proportion who died at home was 0.27, in hospital 0.47, and other setting 0.26. There were wide variations (0.05-0.75) in the proportion of people who died at home in different electoral wards. Small inverse correlations were found between the percentage who died at home and the UPA (-0.35; p < 0.001) and Townsend (-0.26; p < 0.001) scores. The correlations were greatest in North Thames (-0.63, UPA) and smallest in West Midlands (-0.20, UPA). The proportion of home deaths for the different bands of deprivation were: 0.30 (low deprivation), 0.27 (middle deprivation) and 0.24 (high deprivation). Plotting the trends over 10 years suggests no change in this relationship. Multiple regression analysis predicted several ward and patient characteristics and accounted for 30 per cent of the variation. Increased age (patient variable), Jarman score and ethnic minorities (both ward variables) were associated with fewer patients dying at home. Being male and having cancer of the digestive organs were associated with home death. CONCLUSION: There are wide variations in the percentage of cancer deaths at home in different electoral wards. Social factors are inversely correlated with home cancer death, and may explain part of this variation. Home care in deprived areas may be especially difficult to achieve. (+info)Inequalities in mortality and illness in Trent NHS Region. (5/296)
BACKGROUND: The Department of Health is encouraging health authorities to improve health status by tackling health inequalities. We defined ward level spatial health variations in Trent National Health Service Region, England, investigated urban and rural inequalities, and examined the relationship with deprivation, to identify the extent of small area health inequalities and to establish whether a quantifiable difference exists between urban and rural health as affected by deprivation. METHOD: A small area ecological study design was adopted and ward level (n=591) standardized ratios were calculated (population aged <75, n=3,900,000) for specific causes of death and limiting long-term illness. A classification was devised to assess ward health inequalities according to an urban-rural dimension. Deprivation was measured using the Townsend Index and the relationship with mortality and illness was analysed using Pearson product moment correlation. RESULTS: Wide variations in mortality and illness were evident at ward level, being widest for accident mortality (standardized mortality range 0-508). Stroke mortality accounted for the largest proportion of wards with standardized mortality ratios over 125 (36.2 per cent). Relative deprivation correlated strongly with limiting long-term illness (r=0.82) and all-cause mortality (r=0.68) across Trent, and in both urban and rural environments. CONCLUSION: The study set health inequalities within a regional context for Trent as an initiative to coincide with the Government's proposed health strategy for the next few years. Wide health inequalities were evident in Trent and the association between deprivation and health was of a similar magnitude in urban and rural wards. This small area approach allows health authorities access to ward level information in order to inform key debate on tackling health inequalities and distributing resources in relation to need. (+info)Neighborhood environment and self-reported health status: a multilevel analysis. (6/296)
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether neighborhood socioeconomic environment helps to explain the proportion of community members with self-reported poor health status. METHODS: A random sample of 9240 persons aged 25 to 74 years were interviewed during 1988 and 1989. The socioeconomic environment of each respondent's neighborhood was measured with the Care Need Index (CNI) and the Townsend score. The data were analyzed with a multilevel model adjusted for the independent variables. The second-level variables were the 2 neighborhood scores. RESULTS: There was a clear gradient for poor health and education within every CNI interval so that with an increasing CNI (indicating more deprivation), the prevalence of poor health increased in all 3 education groups (P = .001). In the full model, decreasing educational level, obesity, length and frequency of smoking, physical inactivity, and increasing CNI were associated with poor health. Persons living in the most deprived neighborhoods had a prevalence ratio of 1.69 (95% confidence interval = 1.44, 1.98) for poor health compared with those living in the most affluent areas. CONCLUSIONS: Both neighborhood socioeconomic environment and individual educational status are associated with self-reported poor health. (+info)Magnesium in drinking water supplies and mortality from acute myocardial infarction in north west England. (7/296)
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether higher concentrations of magnesium in drinking water supplies are associated with lower mortality from acute myocardial infarction at a small area geographical level; to examine if the association is modified by age, sex, and socioeconomic deprivation. DESIGN: Small area geographical study using 13,794 census enumeration districts. Water constituent concentrations (magnesium, calcium, fluoride, lead) measured at water supply zone and assigned to enumeration districts. SETTING: 305 water supply zones in north west England. SUBJECTS: Resident population of 1,124,623 men and 1,372,036 women (1991 census) aged 45 years or more. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mortality from acute myocardial infarction, International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9) 410. Subsidiary analysis examined deaths from ischaemic heart disease, ICD 410-414. RESULTS: There were 21,339 male and 17,883 female deaths from acute myocardial infarction in 1990-92. Drinking water magnesium concentrations in water zones ranged from 2 mg/l to 111 mg/l (mean (SD) 19 (20) mg/l, median 12 mg/l); 24% of variation in magnesium concentrations was within zone and 76% was between zone. The relative risk of mortality from acute myocardial infarction (standardised for age, sex, and Carstairs deprivation quintile) for a quadrupling of magnesium concentrations in drinking water (for example, 20 mg/l v 5 mg/l) was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99 to 1.03). When adjusted for north-south and east-west trends in mortality from acute myocardial infarction and for drinking water calcium, fluoride, and lead concentrations, this relative risk was 1.01 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.06). There was no evidence of a protective effect for acute myocardial infarction even among age, sex, and deprivation groups that were likely to be relatively magnesium deficient. For ischaemic heart disease mortality there was an apparent protective effect of magnesium and calcium (with calcium predominating in the joint model), but these were no longer significant when the geographical trends were incorporated. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found of an association between magnesium concentrations in drinking water supplies and mortality from acute myocardial infarction. These results do not support the hypothesis that magnesium is the key water factor in relation to mortality from heart disease. (+info)A national facility for small area disease mapping and rapid initial assessment of apparent disease clusters around a point source: the UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit. (8/296)
BACKGROUND: Reports of disease clusters are often received by district health authorities and are, in some cases, associated with concerns about a pollution source. The Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU) has developed a Rapid Inquiry Facility, which will produce an estimated relative risk for any given condition for the population within defined areas around a point source, relative to the population in a local reference region. The system can also facilitate the production of annual reports and other health studies for Departments of Public Health Medicine through the creation of ward-level maps to illustrate disease variation across small areas. METHODS: The facility uses routinely collected morbidity, mortality and population data at a small area scale, together with the computing facilities and expertise necessary to run such analyses quickly and efficiently. Using this facility SAHSU can supply a report within three working days. To aid interpretation, smoothed small area maps that account for sampling variability in the observed data can also be produced. RESULTS: The paper reports on two case studies where the pilot system has been utilized by health authorities for both point source analyses and small area disease mapping. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this facility would be of considerable use to districts. The local knowledge and expertise of the local public health specialist is essential in the interpretation and presentation of the facility's output. Feedback from public health specialists is helping SAHSU refine the output of the facility, so as to make the information presented as comprehensive and as useful as possible. (+info)Small-area analysis is a research method used in epidemiology and public health to examine health outcomes, healthcare utilization, and other health-related factors across small geographic areas or populations. This approach allows for the identification of spatial patterns, disparities, and clustering of health issues within communities, which can inform the development and targeting of interventions, policies, and resources to improve health outcomes and reduce inequalities.
Small-area analysis often involves the use of statistical techniques, such as spatial statistics and geographic information systems (GIS), to analyze data at a fine spatial resolution, typically at the level of census tracts, zip codes, or other small administrative units. This method can help identify areas with high rates of disease or poor health outcomes, as well as social determinants of health that may contribute to these disparities, such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and environmental exposures.
Overall, small-area analysis is a valuable tool for understanding the geographic distribution of health issues and developing targeted interventions to improve population health.
Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Switzerland" is not a medical term or concept. Switzerland is a country in Europe, known officially as the Swiss Confederation. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!
Orthopedics is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, which includes the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. The goal of orthopedic care is to help patients maintain or restore their mobility, function, and quality of life through a variety of treatments, including medication, physical therapy, bracing, and surgery. Orthopedic surgeons are medical doctors who have completed additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, and they may specialize in specific areas such as sports medicine, spine care, joint replacement, or pediatric orthopedics.
Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to healthcare, the quality and cost of care, and ultimately, our health and well-being. The goal of HSR is to inform policy and practice, improve system performance, and enhance the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It involves the use of various research methods, including epidemiology, biostatistics, economics, sociology, management science, political science, and psychology, to answer questions about the healthcare system and how it can be improved.
Examples of HSR topics include:
* Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different healthcare interventions and technologies
* Studying patient-centered care and patient experiences with the healthcare system
* Examining healthcare workforce issues, such as shortages of primary care providers or the impact of nurse-to-patient ratios on patient outcomes
* Investigating the impact of health insurance design and financing systems on access to care and health disparities
* Analyzing the organization and delivery of healthcare services in different settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities
* Identifying best practices for improving healthcare quality and safety, reducing medical errors, and eliminating wasteful or unnecessary care.
Special hospitals are medical facilities that provide specialized services and care for specific patient populations or medical conditions. These hospitals are designed to handle complex medical cases that require advanced technology, specialized equipment, and trained healthcare professionals with expertise in certain areas of medicine. Examples of special hospitals include:
1. Psychiatric Hospitals: Also known as mental health hospitals, these facilities focus on providing care for patients with mental illnesses, emotional disorders, or substance abuse issues. They offer various treatments, such as therapy, counseling, and medication management, to help patients manage their conditions.
2. Rehabilitation Hospitals: These hospitals specialize in helping patients recover from injuries, illnesses, or surgeries that have left them with temporary or permanent disabilities. They provide physical, occupational, and speech therapy, along with other supportive services, to assist patients in regaining their independence and improving their quality of life.
3. Children's Hospitals: These hospitals are dedicated to providing healthcare services specifically for children and adolescents. They have specialized pediatric departments, equipment, and trained staff to address the unique medical needs of this patient population.
4. Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals (LTACHs): LTACHs provide extended care for patients with chronic illnesses or severe injuries who require ongoing medical treatment and monitoring. They often have specialized units for specific conditions, such as ventilator weaning or wound care.
5. Cancer Hospitals: Also known as comprehensive cancer centers, these hospitals focus on the diagnosis, treatment, and research of various types of cancer. They typically have multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and researchers, working together to provide comprehensive care for cancer patients.
6. Teaching Hospitals: Although not a specific type of medical condition, teaching hospitals are affiliated with medical schools and serve as training grounds for future doctors, nurses, and allied healthcare professionals. They often have access to the latest research, technology, and treatments and may participate in clinical trials or innovative treatment approaches.
Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley
Regimental Reconnaissance Company
Vera Carstairs
Ås Abbey
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Jan de Leeuw
Little Luckiamute River
Miami International Airport
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Mae Chan Fault
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Bar Pot
Grissom Air Reserve Base
Horr's Island
Ignacio J. Pérez Arriaga
Merridale
Ramer-Douglas-Peucker algorithm
Professional practice of behavior analysis
Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel
Oxia Palus quadrangle
Susac's syndrome
Cupellation
Package cushioning
Global Navigation Grid Code
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
European Photonics Industry Consortium
North Atlantic Population Project
Unorganized Division No. 19, Manitoba
Stoneburg, Texas
Universe of The Legend of Zelda
Eurosurveillance | Socioeconomic deprivation is inversely associated with measles incidence: a longitudinal small-area analysis...
Analysis of patient flows for orthopedic procedures using small area analysis in Switzerland | BMC Health Services Research |...
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Vera Carstairs - Wikipedia
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RFP/RFQ Details
UNU-WIDER : Working Paper : The Reliability of Small Area Estimation Prediction Methods to Track Poverty
Very Few Small Business Owners Would Face Tax Increases Under President's Budget | Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
Event Detail - Association for Behavior Analysis International
Kooperationspartner - Lehrstuhl für Statistik und Ökonometrie
Using Asthma-Related Housing Complaints to Target Residents With Uncontrolled Asthma in Salt Lake County, Utah
Amin I Khalifa | SCORE
Lanjouw, Peter Frederik
Estimation2
- This study analyses the performance of poverty prediction models based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques. (unu.edu)
- This paper examines the performance small area of welfare estimation. (worldbank.org)
Abstract2
- ABSTRACT Inadequate support in terms of credit facilities from government and financial institution has been identified as one of the major problem affecting farming operation particularly that of the small scale farmers in Nigeria. (grossarchive.com)
- ABSTRACT Recent developments in the geographical sciences and technologies, namely geographical epidemiology, geographical information systems, global positioning systems and spatial data analysis brings about a unique opportunity to investigate the role of "place" in human health in a scientific manner. (who.int)
Spatial4
- We used spatiotemporal Bayesian regression models to assess the potential effect of area deprivation on measles incidence, adjusted for demographic and geographical factors, as well as spatial and temporal effects. (eurosurveillance.org)
- This paper develops an alternative spatial model, based upon the construction of orthopedic hospital service areas (HSA O s), and introduces indices for the analysis of patient streams in order to identify areas, irrespective of canton, with diverse characteristics, importance, needs, or demands. (biomedcentral.com)
- The solar radiation analysis tools available with the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension enable the team to map and analyze the effects of the sun over a geographic area for specific time periods. (esri.com)
- However, a revival of interest has accompanied major advances in the geographical sciences and technologies such as geographical epidemiology, spatial data analysis, geographical information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS), that make it possible for public health researchers to more easily investigate their spatial data [2] and consequently to understand the role of "place" in community health in a scientific manner [3]. (who.int)
Quantile regression1
- Beyond our "at the mean" analysis, Shapley decomposition combined with unconditional quantile regression analysis allow us to explore the relative contribution of small-area level proxies of the obesogenic environment as opposed to our set of individual-level characteristics, across the whole adiposity distribution. (uea.ac.uk)
Metropolitan areas10
- Real gross domestic product (GDP) increased in 312 out of 383 metropolitan areas in 2017 according to statistics on the geographic breakout of GDP released today by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. (bea.gov)
- Professional and business services increased 3.5 percent across the nation's metropolitan areas. (bea.gov)
- This industry contributed to growth in 317 metropolitan areas, most notably in Midland, MI which increased 9.5 percent. (bea.gov)
- This industry contributed to growth in 323 metropolitan areas, and was the leading contributor to growth in Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL and Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA, which increased 2.4 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively. (bea.gov)
- This industry contributed to growth in 237 metropolitan areas, and made major contributions to growth in Wheeling, WV-OH and Athens-Clark County, GA, which increased 10.9 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively. (bea.gov)
- Although this industry wasn't a large contributor overall, it did make significant contributions in several metropolitan areas. (bea.gov)
- Of the large metropolitan areas, those with population greater than two million, Austin-Round Rock, TX (6.9 percent) and Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (5.2 percent) had the largest increases in real GDP. (bea.gov)
- Of the small metropolitan areas, those with population less than two million, Odessa, TX (12.1 percent) and Elkhart-Goshen, IN (11.3 percent) had the largest increases in real GDP. (bea.gov)
- The largest decreases in real GDP for small metropolitan areas were Enid, OK (-7.8 percent) and Visalia-Porterville, CA (-6.6 percent). (bea.gov)
- The California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) funds tobacco control programs of county health departments statewide, a small number of metropolitan areas, and selected community-based organizations, and supports the Tobacco Control Evaluation Center (TCEC) of the University of California, Davis. (cdc.gov)
Methods2
- This note discusses methods for producing annual household estimates for "neighbourhood"-scale areas (LSOAs/Datazones) in England, Wales and Scotland that are consistent with the official local-authority level household estimates. (lse.ac.uk)
- The observed variation was then analyzed using small-area analysis methods. (isciii.es)
Longitudinal1
- We conducted a longitudinal small-area analysis using nationally representative linked data in 401 districts (2001-2017). (eurosurveillance.org)
Decomposition1
- This would not have emerged from standard decomposition analysis. (worldbank.org)
Practice3
- The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. (abainternational.org)
- By evaluating the current geographic demand, policy makers can prioritize efforts for cost and variation reduction by evaluating those states and counties that exhibit high practice area variation, implementing evidence-based best practice policies and guidelines, educating populations about obesity risks, and implementing interventions for those at risk of obesity (eg, those living in food deserts). (jmir.org)
- This study is part of the Atlas of Medical Practice Variation in the Spanish National Health System research project, funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III at the Spanish Ministry of Health (PI06/1673, PI05/2490, G03/202), the Obra Social y Cultural de Ibercaja , and the Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud . (isciii.es)
Utilization1
- A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic areas. (bvsalud.org)
Geographic area1
- The clustering of this rare lysosomal storage disease in a small geographic area usually suggests a founder effect, so the finding of five different mutations is surprising. (nih.gov)
Main1
- Metropolitan statistical areas typically include the main city as well as the surrounding urban and suburban areas. (cdc.gov)
Estimates3
- Furthermore, even these estimates, from the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, may overstate the impact of these provisions because they are based on the previous administration's definition of "small businesses," which includes investors in small businesses who have little or no role in managing them. (cbpp.org)
- According to Tax Policy Center estimates, only about 9 percent of taxpayers who have any small business income have cash incomes greater than $250,000 and would even potentially be affected by these provisions, and as noted above the percentage actually affected would be smaller. (cbpp.org)
- However, none produces such estimates for geographic units smaller than council or local authority areas. (lse.ac.uk)
19861
- In 1986 with Lowe she published a further paper on small area analysis. (wikipedia.org)
20171
- This update incorporated revised GDP by state statistics published in May 2018 and revised earnings statistics from BEA's Local Area Personal Income published in November 2017. (bea.gov)
Deprivation5
- We estimated risk ratios (RR) for deprivation quintiles (Q1-Q5), and district-specific adjusted relative risks (ARR) to assess the area-level risk profile of measles in Germany. (eurosurveillance.org)
- The risk of measles incidence in areas with lowest deprivation quintile (Q1) was 1.58 times higher (95% credible interval (CrI): 1.32-2.00) than in those with highest deprivation (Q5). (eurosurveillance.org)
- Vera Dorris Lilian Carstairs (née Hunt, 1925 - 14 December 2020) was a British social scientist noted, in particular, for a groundbreaking 1991 research study (with Russell Morris), Deprivation and Health in Scotland, which related mortality, morbidity and hospital admissions in Scotland, with the social composition and living standards found in Scottish areas. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1981, shortly after a paper Multiple deprivation and health state, Carstairs published a paper on small area analysis in the health context. (wikipedia.org)
- The paper looked at the standardized mortality ratio and excess mortality in areas of Scotland, and then adjusted for area-based deprivation factors. (wikipedia.org)
Flows2
- The Bureau of Mines has successfully tested a method to simulate methane (CH4) flows from face areas through the returns of noncoal mines. (cdc.gov)
- The purpose of the project is to study Backahill's properties within a defined geographical area and evaluate the properties' exposure to climate threats in terms of temperature, wind, water (rising sea level, high flows, precipitation and torrential rain) and land (for example if there is a risk of landslides, landslides or erosion in the area). (lu.se)
Variation among2
- After we excluded areas outside the 5th-95th percentiles, variation among areas was moderate and was similar for men and women. (isciii.es)
- It often studies, for example, the usage rates for a given service or procedure in several small areas, documenting the variation among the areas. (bvsalud.org)
Study8
- J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The aims of this study were to examine (a) the width and length dimensions of the playing area in 4v4 situations during competition, (b) the influence of the pitch zone where the ball is on 4v4 dimensions, and (c) the influence of match status on the dimensions of 4v4 situations. (ntu.ac.uk)
- This study analyzed the impact of credit facilities to the operation of small scale farms in Nigeria using BENDE Local Government as a case study. (grossarchive.com)
- The study makes use of simple random sampling technique as the method of data analysis. (grossarchive.com)
- However, one strong outcome of this study is that the poor state of credit facilities to small scale farmers in Nigeria has drastically affected farming operation, thus, reduction in agricultural output, leading to importation of Agricultural product. (grossarchive.com)
- The study offers a detailed overview of the vendor landscape, competitive analysis, and key strategies to gain competitive advantage. (globenewswire.com)
- This study analyses the marketing strategy implemented in SMEs. (icesi.edu.co)
- This study aimed to analyze variability in rates of carpal tunnel release surgery among the healthcare areas of the autonomous region of Valencia, and to evaluate the contribution of ambulatory surgery and referrals to private hospitals to the variability found. (isciii.es)
- We carried out a cross-sectional, population-based study, describing the rates of carpal tunnel release surgery, standardized by age and sex, among areas in the region of Valencia in 2006. (isciii.es)
Primate1
- We show that areas in the outer rings of the neocortex have comparable laminar elaboration in rats and primates, while most 6-layer eulaminate areas in the innermost rings of primate neocortex lack homologous counterparts in rats. (springer.com)
Variance1
- To determine factors that affect 4v4 game situations, 1-way analysis of variance was used. (ntu.ac.uk)
Laboratory2
- The sample is quickly sent to a laboratory for analysis. (medlineplus.gov)
- The samples were shipped to the Bureau of Mines laboratory at Juneau for analysis. (cdc.gov)
Representative1
- However, because these stations are sparsely distributed and located in open, flat, and populated areas, they are not spatially representative of the area. (esri.com)
Procedure1
- There is little risk when the procedure is done correctly. (medlineplus.gov)
Malignancy1
- 2006) Value of frozen section analysis with suspected testicular malignancy. (medscape.com)
Risks1
- New evidence showing that secondhand smoke in outdoor areas also presents health risks (3) has elevated efforts to control tobacco use in outdoor spaces and recreational areas to protect people from exposure to secondhand smoke. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions1
- We have chosen a format of reporting in which for each topic the objectives, analysis and conclusions, and actions to be taken are specified. (who.int)
Involves2
- SWOT analysis involves identifying your company's Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats . (godaddy.com)
- This technique involves releasing a small quantity of tracer gas at a working area and sampling for that gas downs. (cdc.gov)
Attempts2
- So what happens next is NITPCKR attempts to insure that the pixel number is assigned for the area of space and look to see if any other results have been returned from the same area. (berkeley.edu)
- By comparing high- and low-use areas, the analysis attempts to determine whether there is a pattern to such use and to identify variables that are associated with and contribute to the variation. (bvsalud.org)
Health4
- A trend to more centrally provided health services can be observed not only in large urban HSA O s such as Geneva, Bern, Basel, and Zurich, but also in HSA O s in mountain sport areas such as Sion, Davos, or St.Moritz. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several indices that describe patient streams can help identify areas that attract and treat local or nonlocal residents, and HSAs allow more precise analysis of potential health supply shortages or overcapacities. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, most small businesses and their employees are likely to benefit from non-tax proposals in the budget, particularly the President's proposal to reform the health care system by expanding health insurance coverage and making health care more affordable. (cbpp.org)
- The health care provider may test circulation to the hand before taking a sample of blood from the wrist area. (medlineplus.gov)
Provide3
- Based on market and economic analyses, provide recommendations on MSD boundary and/or rates. (planning.org)
- The Censuses of Population in the constituent countries of the UK provide counts of households at small area level and above every 10 years. (lse.ac.uk)
- Policy theorists and tobacco control researchers provide some guidance in their analysis of factors that lead to successful local policy change (10-12). (cdc.gov)
Paper3
- Instead of using the previously defined general hospital service areas by Klauss et al, this paper defines orthopedic hospital service areas (HSA O s) that use Swiss orthopedic discharge data from 2000-2002. (biomedcentral.com)
- This paper focuses on the thermal hydraulics analysis of the distribution zone, which is conducted by the numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics with the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) module and the Heat Transfer module. (researchgate.net)
- The red square indicates the area investigated in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Modeling1
- However, modeling the solar radiation received at locations in mountainous areas with complex topography at 30-meter resolution is not a simple task. (esri.com)
Strengths1
- My strengths include strategy, investor communications as well as financial analysis and accounting. (score.org)
Local2
- Our analysis found the following 6 strategies to be the most effective: 1) having a "champion" who helps to carry an objective forward, 2) tapping into a pool of potential youth volunteers, 3) collecting and using local data as a persuasive tool, 4) educating the community in smoke-free policy efforts, 5) working strategically in the local political climate, and 6) framing the policy appropriately. (cdc.gov)
- For all these reasons, securing outdoor smoke-free policy has become a recommended strategy by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for states and local jurisdictions (8), and California's tobacco control program likewise supports community policies to restrict outdoor area smoking (9). (cdc.gov)
International2
- Littler has its own international offices and also works with affiliated law firms in Europe, Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, Asia and other parts of the world. (littler.com)
- In recognition of the variety of needs for data in this area, the 12th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) in 1973 recommended that countries collect a range of interrelated wages statistics to meet users' differing needs. (abs.gov.au)
Business14
- Very Few Small Business Owners Would Fac. (cbpp.org)
- In fact, only 8.9 percent of people with any small business income have incomes of over $250,000 and, thus, would even potentially be affected by these provisions. (cbpp.org)
- As a result, the percentage of people with small business income who would be affected by proposals to increase the top two tax rates or limit the value of itemized deductions to 28 percent of deductable expenses would be extremely small. (cbpp.org)
- Indeed, the vast majority of small business owners and their employees would benefit from proposals in the budget to cut taxes for middle-class taxpayers, such as extending the Making Work Pay tax credits enacted on a temporary basis earlier this month in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. (cbpp.org)
- Restoring the top two tax rates as proposed would affect fewer than 1.9 percent of filers with any small-business income in 2009 (see Figure 2 and box on page 4). (cbpp.org)
- [2] This is less than the percentage of small business filers with cash income of more than $250,000 per year, because many filers with income greater than $250,000 in cash income do not face either of the top two tax rates. (cbpp.org)
- These provisions would affect very few taxpayers - and even fewer small business owners. (cbpp.org)
- If you've been in business for a while or if you follow the corporate world, you've probably come across the term SWOT analysis. (godaddy.com)
- SWOT analysis is a technique that you can use to examine and evaluate your business or your company and get a better understanding of your position in the industry. (godaddy.com)
- Weaknesses are areas of your business that need to be improved. (godaddy.com)
- With that in mind, it's worth mentioning that you can perform a SWOT analysis for your business as a whole, a single department or even a single project within a department in your company. (godaddy.com)
- A SWOT analysis can help you position your business favorably between you and your competition. (godaddy.com)
- You can use it to improve smaller areas of your business, be that a department in your company or a specific product, project or service. (godaddy.com)
- Now that we've covered what SWOT analysis is and why it matters, let's go over the steps for performing a SWOT analysis on your business. (godaddy.com)
Large6
- Real GDP in Houston-The Woodlands-Sugarland, TX was unchanged from the previous year making it the only large metropolitan area not to increase. (bea.gov)
- Over a large area, it may not be very difficult to model the received solar radiation when the topography and cloud cover are not considered. (esri.com)
- I believe that now that I'm retired I can help others with my experience working with large and small companies for forty years. (score.org)
- a Vaccinia Virus Typically, a thick dark scab followed, but the formation of large areas of ulceration was also common. (cdc.gov)
- They find large gains from targeting smaller administrative units, such as districts or villages. (worldbank.org)
- Then you take a large cup and scoop up a large amount of sand from the same area. (berkeley.edu)
Humans2
- In the present article, we perform cortical type analysis of the neocortex of adult rats, Rhesus macaques, and humans to propose hypotheses on homology of cortical areas applying the principles of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex. (springer.com)
- Streamflow plays an important role in the hydrology cycle although it is a tiny proportion of the Earth's water that humans can exploit. (lu.se)
Zones2
- The areas of the 4v4 situations ranged from 14.70 ± 4.69 × 17.18 ± 6 to 17.09 ± 5.16 × 20.34 ± 5.93 m, and the IPA of the 4v4 playing rectangle ranged from 46.33 ± 20 to 35.48 ± 16.95 m2, being larger in the central zones of the pitch. (ntu.ac.uk)
- Seals also are used to isolate fire zones or areas susceptible to spontaneous combustion. (cdc.gov)
Conventional1
- The analysis of the linear correlations between the conventional Wits value and the measurement obtained on the soft-tissue were undertaken. (bvsalud.org)
Studies1
- In addition to a traditional analysis based on cantons, studies based on hospital service areas (HSAs) can be performed. (biomedcentral.com)
Counties1
- Small areas were defined as the 21 counties of Sweden. (nih.gov)
Outdoor swim1
- The apartments would have a dedicated clubhouse with a fitness center, outdoor swimming pool and lounge area, along with a coffee station. (ibj.com)
Development3
- Credit facilities therefore plays a crucial role in the operation of small scale farming, this ensures the derived output which sustain the growth and development of the economy. (grossarchive.com)
- The Town of Wake Forest is soliciting Statements of Qualifications from firm(s) or a team to lead the planning process for the development the Wake Forest Downtown Small Area Plan building off the recent vision and goals established in the Town's Comprehensive Plan such as the 2022 Community Plan and Northeast Community Plan. (planning.org)
- Ongoing growth and development in this emerging area strongly highlights the changing battlefield with the introduction of DEW, lethal, and non-lethal weapons. (prnewswire.com)
Market2
- Acquisitions and collaborations, agreements, and partnerships were other key areas of focus for market players. (prnewswire.com)
- The report will enrich both established firms as well as new entrants/smaller firms to gauge the pulse of the market and garner a greater market share. (prnewswire.com)
Million1
- More than 130 flights were cancelled and scores of train lines were closed for hours, snarling the morning commute for millions in a greater Tokyo area that has a population of about 36 million. (abc.net.au)
High2
- The ceiling in the open area looks to be high enough to accommodate a container (a 40-foot container is typically 8.5 to 9.5 feet high), but perhaps not aboard a delivery vehicle. (datacenterknowledge.com)
- Variation in carpal tunnel release surgery among areas in the region of Valencia is moderate, but has a strong impact on the population because of the high prevalence of this disorder. (isciii.es)
Mentor1
- I mentor start-ups and small businesses looking to reorganize or change focus. (score.org)
Climate1
- Its climate is tropical, with a analysis (7). (cdc.gov)
Years1
- Globally, there were 48 births for every 1000 women aged 15-19 years in 2006, only a small decline from 51 per 1000 in 2000. (who.int)
Economic2
- Gross domestic product (GDP) by metropolitan area is the sub-state counterpart of the Nation's gross domestic product (GDP), the Bureau's featured and most comprehensive measure of U.S. economic activity. (bea.gov)
- In recent decades, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gained interest in global markets for their contribution to countries' economic growth. (icesi.edu.co)