Coloboma

White dot syndromes

Punctate inner choroiditis

Visual field test

Optic pit

Aura (symptom)

Suppression (eye)

Scotoma

Micropsia

Cerebral polyopia

Aspheric lens

Fovea centralis

Akinetopsia

Prefrontal cortex

Preferential hyperacuity perimetry

Clomifene

Blindsight

Positive visual phenomena

Filling-in

Eye examination

Visual system

Peripheral vision

Entoptic phenomenon

Macular degeneration

Behçet's disease

Hallucination

Floater

Mechanoreceptor

Central retinal vein occlusion

Sixth nerve palsy

Hallucination

Sense

Retinitis pigmentosa

Near-sightedness

Behçet's disease

Olfaction

Achromatopsia

Pellucid marginal degeneration

Absolute scotoma3

• absolute scotoma an area within the visual field in which perception of light is entirely lost. (thefreedictionary.com)
• absolute scotoma A scotoma in which vision is entirely absent in the affected area. (thefreedictionary.com)
• At this location, no photoreceptors are present, creating a normal absolute scotoma. (aao.org)

Paracentral scotoma3

• One important variety of bilateral scotoma may occur when a pituitary tumour begins to compress the optic chiasm (as distinct from a single optic nerve) and produces a bitemporal paracentral scotoma, and later, when the tumor enlarges, the scotomas extend out to the periphery to cause the characteristic bitemporal hemianopsia. (wikipedia.org)
• Higher-power prisms provide greater extension, with greater paracentral scotoma loss, but require uncomfortable gaze shifts. (arvojournals.org)
• Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 OD and 20/250 OS, with an afferent pupillary defect and paracentral scotoma OS. (nature.com)

Central30

• Even a small scotoma that happens to affect central or macular vision will produce a severe visual disability, whereas a large scotoma in the more peripheral part of a visual field may go unnoticed by the bearer because of the normal reduced optical resolution in the peripheral visual field. (wikipedia.org)
• Central scotomas and adaptive changes in fixation have been studied in artificially created models that have certain limitations when translating findings into clinical relevant practice. (arvojournals.org)
• She describes a blurred central scotoma. (retinagallery.com)
• Three patients with age-related macular degeneration with large central scotomas were included in the study. (arvojournals.org)
• Alternatively, OKN is suppressed when subjects are not filling-in, while the subjects are fixating the central scotoma or edges of the scotoma. (arvojournals.org)
• In patients with central scotomas in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) no significant decrease of OKN gain has been found. (arvojournals.org)
• The concept of the "mnemonic scotoma," a spatially circumscribed region of working memory impairment produced by unilateral lesions of the PFC, is central to the view that PFC is critical for the short-term retention of information. (nih.gov)
• central scotoma an area of depressed vision corresponding with the fixation point and interfering with or abolishing central vision. (thefreedictionary.com)
• Example image showing small, deep central scotoma, as may be caused by age-related maculopathy. (wikidoc.org)
• The tester chose locations throughout the central visual field to present stimuli, which consisted of 0.3-degree-size targets with a 50,000 troland retinal luminance, flashed for 0.5 seconds each. (thefreedictionary.com)
• The project objective is to validate the types of eye trackers that may most effectively be employed in the rehabilitation evaluation and training of people with central scotomas. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• First, a Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO) will be employed to confirm that people with central scotomas are recruited from the Atlanta VA Eye Clinic and the VA Rehab R&D Subject Registry. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Basic eye movements (e.g., fixation, tracking, saccades) and complex eye movements during visual tasks will be investigated to determine the effect of different biocular scotoma/PRL characteristics including: 1) central scotoma in one eye and functioning fovea in fellow eye, 2) central scotoma in both eyes and PRLs in retinal correspondence, and 3) central scotomas in both eyes with PRLs in anomalous retinal correspondence. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Patients with central scotoma often develop eccentric viewing to cope with visual tasks like reading. (frontiersin.org)
• KGVF showed a central scotoma of varying size (3°-7°) and density (absolute to relative), with increasing target size in 14/24 patients whose best post-treatment vision in the AE ranged from 20/100 to 20/40. (springer.com)
• The combined findings of central scotoma on KGVF and mfERG anomalies in patients who did not achieve optimal vision with treatment suggest an underlying organic defect impairing macular function. (springer.com)
• My work at Smith-Kettlewell will focus on individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) across two projects, investigating (1) the implications of central vision loss on information-gathering in visual displays and (2) the adjustments to smooth pursuit and motion perception in depth resulting from a binocular volume scotoma using virtual reality. (ski.org)
• Because the technology does not permit oculomotor interference, it can provide a highly accurate topographic map of areas of retinal sensitivity loss, known as scotoma, correcting for any adaptive strategies that may align the eyeball such that images land on functional eccentric retinal areas rather than the damaged central field. (ophthalmologymanagement.com)
• Patients with MEWDS complaint of decreased vision associated with photopsia or central scotoma. (ispub.com)
• The primary symptoms of the disease are deterioration of central vision, color disturbances, metamorphopsia, apparent change in image size and paracentral or central scotoma. (sbwire.com)
• The implantable miniature telescope (IMT™) is important for patients who suffer from bilateral central scotomas due to end-stage macular degeneration associated with geographic atrophy or disciform scar, foveal involvement and/or cataracts . (healthguideinfo.com)
• The SK Read Test Two Card Set was developed to assess the reading performance of English speaking adults who may be encountering central or paracentral scotomas (visual field defects). (precision-vision.com)
• The smooth pursuit system may be particularly affected because the patient's central scotoma may occlude the target of interest and because the patients' perception of this event may be altered as they are typically unaware of the size, location and even presence of their scotoma. (ski.org)
• To that end, we will examine the perception and pursuit of motion in patients with central field loss, as well as in healthy subjects with artificial scotomas that can be precisely controlled for size and location. (ski.org)
• Normal central vision may return several minutes before the scotoma disappears from peripheral vision. (treatheadaches.com)
• The examination according to the proposed algorithm revealed the defects of the central field of view of various sizes in all patients. (pmarchive.ru)
• An interesting question is: which region of the visual field is most useful for recognizing the gist of a scene, central vision (the fovea and parafovea), based on its higher visual acuity and importance for object recognition, or the periphery, based on its larger size and how lower spatial frequencies are useful for scene gist recognition? (k-state.edu)
• In these studies, scenes were presented in two experimental conditions: a "Window" condition with a circular region showing the central portion of a scene but with peripheral information hidden, or a "Scotoma" condition with the central portion of a scene hidden and only the peripheral information available ( Loschky & Larson, 2009 ). (k-state.edu)
• Reduction of the size of central and peripheric scotomas, which is the evidence of partial restoration of conductivity of optic nerve fibers and the retina, was registered. (denasms.com)
• When he looks at things he has a central scotoma. (retinagallery.com)

Positive scotoma2

• While looking at the OKN stimuli, the patients either did not see the stimulus (without perceiving a positive scotoma) or filled in the scotoma and perceived the stripes. (arvojournals.org)
• positive scotoma one which appears as a dark spot in the visual field. (thefreedictionary.com)

Negative scotoma1

• I had a small 'negative scotoma' in my right eye that came on suddenly and persisted for a couple of years. (blogspot.com)

Scintillating Scotoma12

• Scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura in migraine. (wikipedia.org)
• Example of a scintillating scotoma , as may be caused by cortical spreading depression . (wikidoc.org)
• After all these years, I had my first (and hopefully last) scintillating scotoma while sitting on the couch playing "words with friends" on my ipad and watching TV. (blogspot.com)
• My scintillating scotoma lasted about 15 minutes and it took me awhile to figure out what it was. (blogspot.com)
• I guess I just experienced scintillating scotoma for the first time myself. (blogspot.com)
• Scintillating Scotoma, you are not familiar with it, are you? (treatheadaches.com)
• Visual aura or scintillating scotoma is not blurry, it is a transient or longstanding visual perceptual disturbance experienced with a migraine or seizure. (treatheadaches.com)
• That's when you know that you might be experiencing scintillating scotoma. (treatheadaches.com)
• Scintillating scotoma is also referred as teichopsia or a visual migraine, it is the most common visual aura prior to having a migraine. (treatheadaches.com)
• The slowly expanding area of visual loss with a stimulating, jagged border that can last up to 20 minutes and then goes back to a normal vision, can occur acephalgically (scintillating scotoma without a headache). (treatheadaches.com)
• The scintillating scotoma can be 'seen' with the eyes closed. (treatheadaches.com)
• Scintillating scotoma, also called visual migraine, is the most common visual aura preceding migraine and was first described by 19th-century physician Hubert Airy (1838-1903). (treatheadaches.com)

Binocular3

• Individuals with binocular scotomas therefore need to find an alternate locus for fixation and as an oculomotor reference for eye movements. (arvojournals.org)
• Because the properties of the patients' binocular vision are further complicated by the discrepant sizes and locations of the scotomas in the two eyes, we will conduct the smooth pursuit experiments during both binocular and monocular pursuit. (ski.org)
• We analyze the effects of apical scotomas and binocular visual confusion in different designs to identify constraints on any solution that is likely to meet acceptance. (arvojournals.org)

Migraine1

• Scotoma, also known as generalized visual field contraction or constriction , is related to optic atrophy 1 and migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2 . (malacards.org)

Metamorphopsia1

• Metamorphopsia is the distortion of visual images in their size, shape, and color. (headaches.org)

Bilateral2

• Rarely, scotomata are bilateral. (wikipedia.org)
• Bilateral field loss due to maculopathy creates a scotoma that extends in depth - a volume scotoma. (ski.org)

Disturbances1

• Scotomata - disturbances in one part of the field of vision. (healthhype.com)

Artificial6

• Filling-in is the perceptual completion of physiological, pathologic, or artificial scotomas. (arvojournals.org)
• 3 Filling-in can also be elicited with artificial scotomas, corresponding to a hole in a textured field, which is steadily viewed in peripheral vision. (arvojournals.org)
• 5 Even after an artificial scotoma has completely faded, it can contribute to motion perception. (arvojournals.org)
• 5 Further evidence that filling-in is an active process comes from animal research in which neuronal activity in receptive fields corresponding to artificial scotomas has been shown in V1, 6 V2, and V3. (arvojournals.org)
• In the absence of a lesion, visual stimulation surrounding an artificial scotoma did not elicit visual responses, suggesting that the postlesion RF shifts resulted from cortical reorganization. (jneurosci.org)
• Retinal lesion experiments were conducted on Monkey 1 and 2, whereas Monkey 3 and 4 were only used for an experiment to measure V1 activity within an artificial scotoma. (jneurosci.org)

Mnemonic1

• These findings suggest a need for a reconsideration of the concept of the mnemonic scotoma, which in turn invites a reconsideration of functional interpretations of sustained neuronal activity in PFC. (nih.gov)

Multiple sclerosis2

• Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), toxic substances such as methyl alcohol , ethambutol and quinine , nutritional deficiencies, and vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve. (wikidoc.org)
• Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), damage to nerve fiber layer in the retina (seen as cotton wool spots) due to hypertension, toxic substances such as methyl alcohol, ethambutol and quinine, nutritional deficiencies and vascular blockages. (treatheadaches.com)

Partial loss of vis2

• Other visual effects may include the occurrence of scotoma or partial loss of vision, ranging from blank spots in the field of vision, or "tunnel" vision effects. (headaches.org)
• A scotoma is a partial loss of vision in a normal visual field. (blogspot.com)

Adaptive1

• We discuss possible ways to enlarge the size of high-resolution area (isoplanatic patch) in fundus imagers equipped with adaptive optics. (spie.org)

Tumors1

• Less common, but important because they are sometimes reversible or curable by surgery, are scotomata due to tumors such as those arising from the pituitary gland, which may compress the optic nerve or interfere with its blood supply. (wikipedia.org)

Constriction1

• Visual function deteriorated to a denser bi-arcuate scotoma and peripheral constriction in the left eye despite maximum medical treatment and ONSD was performed. (healio.com)

Perimetry1

• 4 Such 'true' scotoma size, which refers to the physical area of reduced retinal sensitivity to light, measured with MP was found to be significantly larger than the 'effective' scotoma size, the area of perceived visual field deficit, as measured with the macular grid test with automated perimetry. (ophthalmologymanagement.com)

Physiological1

• Reducing the size of the human physiological blind spot through training. (verywell.com)

Cortical1

• We quantified, for the cortical representation of the actually stimulated visual field, the changes in the position and size of the pRFs associated with reduced peripheral stimulation using conventional and advanced pRF modeling. (rug.nl)

Optic1

• physiologic scotoma that area of the visual field corresponding with the optic disk, in which the photosensitive receptors are absent. (thefreedictionary.com)

Blind8

• A scotoma may include and enlarge the normal blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
• Normally, when we look at a scene with one eye, we do not see a scotoma created by the blind spot or retinal vessels. (arvojournals.org)
• The presence of this normal scotoma does not intrude into consciousness because it is very small, but it can be demonstrated to oneself by the simplest of clinical methods (such as the one in the blind spot article). (wikidoc.org)
• The size of the ring was manipulated so that at the beginning of the study, it was detectable about 70 percent of the time, then the researchers modified the size so that it was eventually so small it was completely hidden by the blind spot. (verywell.com)
• The visual field testing revealed an enlarged blind spot of right eye along with temporal scotoma (figure3) and normal field of left eye (figure4). (ispub.com)
• Visual field testing demonstrated significant scotomas (blind spots) in all 3 participants while wearing the device, creating a clinically meaningful visual field obstruction in the upper right quadrant. (eurekalert.org)
• Eye has a blind spot which is also known as scotoma, whereas, the cameras do not have any such limitations. (differencebetween.net)
• These tests look for flaws and blind spots (scotomas) in your visual field, which is the entire area seen when your gaze is fixed in one direction. (rexhealth.com)

Affects2

• This project investigates how the volume scotoma affects the ability to track. (ski.org)
• The scotoma affects both eyes and closing one or the other does not make it go away. (blogspot.com)

Symptom2

• In a pregnant woman, scotomata can present as a symptom of severe preeclampsia, a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
• Scotoma is also a symptom of retinal damage from exposure to high-powered lasers. (milesstemp.com)

Interfere1

• An analysis of 132 images indicated that many people wear the device near or overlapping their pupillary axis (a line perpendicular to the surface of the cornea, passing through the center of the pupil), which may induce scotomas and interfere with daily function. (eurekalert.org)

Normal1

• victims often lose the ability to read normal-sized print, for example. (stackexchange.com)

Adults1

• Chlorhexidine-alcohol compared with overnight osmotic dilators have different characteristics and severity of dependence diagnostic interview administered by slow development, long life, large size, late reproduction, intensive parental care, and interventional radiology), and blood loss greater than 5 weeks are not necessarily produce better results have been able to throw your testosterone production by male adults is 0.7g/kg/day, out of alignment. (dsaj.org)

Lesions1

• 2,3) PIC is characterized by multifocal choroidal lesions (yellow-white lesions of the inner choroid and retinal pigment epithelium of approximately 100-300 ìm in size), usually distributed throughout the posterior pole but sparing the peripapillary region. (harvard.edu)

Small2

• The authors note that the study is limited by the small number of participants, who may not be representative of all users, and that a larger sample is needed to identify factors that influence scotoma size and depth. (eurekalert.org)
• About half the people with small scotomas recover from them completely after some months or years. (stackexchange.com)

Spatial resolution1

• Moreover, the device's high spatial resolution makes it better & faster to capture advanced scotoma. (grandviewresearch.com)

Loss1

• Diagramming techniques we developed for analyzing prism effects for hemianopic field loss (HFL) 10 yield substantially different conclusions when applied here for PFL because of the enormous difference in the size of the residual field. (arvojournals.org)

Lesion1

• When visual field size had stabilised almost 16 months after the lesion, further improvement could be achieved by visual restitution training. (bmj.com)

Participants1

• In the augmented reality task, participants navigated a real-life, human-sized 'mouse maze', which they viewed through cameras in the front of the HMD. (mddionline.com)