Persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (American College Dictionary, 3d ed)
Interactions and relationships between sisters and/or brothers. The concept also applies to animal studies.
A family composed of spouses and their children.
The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.
The sequence in which children are born into the family.
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.
Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.
The degree of antigenic similarity between the tissues of different individuals, which determines the acceptance or rejection of allografts.
Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.
The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.
The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans.
A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.
The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.
Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.
Size and composition of the family.
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.
The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.
Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be as one's own child, usually with legal confirmation.
Measurable biological (physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features), behavioral (psychometric pattern) or cognitive markers that are found more often in individuals with a disease than in the general population. Because many endophenotypes are present before the disease onset and in individuals with heritable risk for disease such as unaffected family members, they can be used to help diagnose and search for causative genes.
Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.
Two off-spring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from a single fertilized OVUM that split into two EMBRYOS. Such twins are usually genetically identical and of the same sex.
Two offspring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from two OVA, fertilized at about the same time by two SPERMATOZOA. Such twins are genetically distinct and can be of different sexes.
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.
Refers to the whole process of grieving and mourning and is associated with a deep sense of loss and sadness.
The lengths of intervals between births to women in the population.
Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.
An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.
The interactions between parent and child.
Child who has no siblings.
A highly glycosylated and sulfated phosphoprotein that is found almost exclusively in mineralized connective tissues. It is an extracellular matrix protein that binds to hydroxyapatite through polyglutamic acid sequences and mediates cell attachment through an RGD sequence.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sweden" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country located in Northern Europe. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to try to help answer them!
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.
The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Behavioral, psychological, and social relations among various members of the nuclear family and the extended family.

The right to be treated against her will. (1/1632)

... My sister's inconsistent and intermittent treatment over the past eight years is largely a result of her own indecision and the inconsistencies of her abnormal mental state. The professionals who might have taken control of the situation as her health and functioning deteriorated have not done so and I must presume that they believe they cannot do so. I do not think her case is unique. There are many more people living in the community who are severely ill and are being deprived of treatment they need.  (+info)

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassaemia major in Hong Kong: prognostic factors and outcome. (2/1632)

From August 1992 to August 1999, 44 patients received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a single institution. The donors were HLA-identical siblings except for one who was a phenotypically matched father. Thirty-eight patients received bone marrow stem cells and the others received peripheral blood stem cells or umbilical cord blood (UCB). The mean age at transplant was 10.7+/-5.1 years, ranging from 1.8 to 21 years. Patients received busulphan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (150 to 200 mg/kg) as conditioning, and antithymocyte globulin was given to 42 patients to prevent graft rejection. All had engraftment except a patient who received a UCB transplant. Four patients died from early treatment-related mortality, and one died from interstitial pneumonitis 3 months after transplant. Two patients developed secondary graft rejection and both received a second transplant. Thirty-eight patients survived and all except one were transfusion independent. The 5-year overall and event-free survival rates were 86% and 82%, respectively. By multivariate stepwise Cox proportional hazard analyses, severe veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of liver and Pesaro class 3 features were the significant factors associated with survival. Patients aged more than 11 years were more inclined to develop VOD. In conclusion, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be performed early if an HLA identical sibling is available.  (+info)

Healthy sibling donor anxiety and pain during bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell harvesting for allogeneic transplantation: results of a randomised study. (3/1632)

This study reports the first comparison of healthy donor subjective well-being during two alternative procedures of hematopoietic stem cells harvesting for allogeneic transplantation. Among the 105 donors included between September 1996 and October 1998 in the SFGM French randomised trial aiming to compare allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation and blood cell (BC) transplantation, 64 donors (33 in BC and 31 in BM groups) were relevant for the analysis. They had received a set of self-administered questionnaires to complete during the collection process, aiming to measure anxiety (assessed using the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and pain induced by the procedure (evaluated using a visual analogical scale). Results showed that no harvest procedure is free from pain even if none was more painful than the other. Levels of anxiety before the collection procedure were high in both groups and significantly so for BC donors. Although BC collection induces at least similar levels of pain and anxiety as does BM collection, they were of a different kind, and the short-term impact of G-CSF stimulation on the well-being of BC donors has to be taken into account in improving quality of care in the allogeneic setting.  (+info)

Myocarditis in sibling boxer puppies associated with Citrobacter koseri infection. (4/1632)

Two sibling Boxer puppies presented with severe suppurative myocarditis in the absence of additional disseminated suppurative foci. The identification of gram-negative bacteria within areas of myocarditis in both puppies and the pure growth of large numbers of Citrobacter koseri from the myocardial lesions in one of the dogs were consistent with a bacterial etiology. The fact that C. koseri is an opportunist pathogen suggested intercurrent immunosuppression. The finding of a concomitant bacterial myocarditis in two canine siblings is novel. The case is also unusual in that syncope could be related to the myocardial injury.  (+info)

Familial risk of preeclampsia in Newfoundland: a population-based study. (5/1632)

This study sought to quantify the familial risk of preeclampsia (proteinuric hypertension) in Newfoundland and to identify characteristics in probands that predict increased familial risk. Reviewed were 5173 obstetric charts from 10 hospitals, representing 99% of deliveries on the island of Newfoundland for a 1-yr period from April 1996 to March 1997; pregnancy-induced hypertension was diagnosed according to strict criteria. Family obstetric histories were obtained from identified probands with preeclampsia, and sisters and mothers of probands were interviewed. In addition, the obstetric charts from sisters and mothers were reviewed to identify preeclampsia. The incidence of preeclampsia in the population was 5.6% (n = 292), and in primiparous women it was 7.9%. Factors independently associated with increased risk of preeclampsia included primiparous delivery, multiple gestation, pregestational and gestational diabetes, maternal age of more than 35 yr, and region of the province. Of 330 sisters identified, 217 had 445 pregnancies, with 331 charts located for review. The incidence of preeclampsia (based on chart review) in 163 primiparous sisters was 20.2%. The relative risk of preeclampsia in primiparous sisters of probands with preeclampsia compared with primiparous women in the population was 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.6). Factors in probands independently associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia in sisters included at least 2+ proteinuria and region of the province. This population-based study, which used unbiased ascertainment and strict diagnostic criteria, demonstrated a significantly higher risk of preeclampsia in sisters of probands with preeclampsia, particularly when probands were defined by severity of preeclampsia and by geographic region.  (+info)

Genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia II: conditional analyses of affected schizophrenia sibling pairs provide evidence for an interaction between markers on chromosome 8p and 14q. (6/1632)

Information from multiple genome scans and collaborative efforts suggests that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous, complex disorder with polygenic and environmental antecedents. In a previous paper we demonstrated that stratification of families on the basis of co-segregating phenotypes (psychotic affective disorders (PAD) and schizophrenia spectrum personality disorders (SSPD) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands increased linkage evidence in the chromosome 8p21 region (D8S1771) among families with co-segregating SSPD. We have now applied a method of conditional analysis of sib-pairs affected with schizophrenia, examining shared alleles identical-by-descent (IBD) at multiple loci. The method yields enhanced evidence for linkage to the chromosome 8p21 region conditioned upon increased allele sharing at a chromosome 14 region. The method produces a more refined estimate of the putative disease locus on chromosome 8p21, narrowing the region from 18 cM (95% confidence interval) in our previous genome scan, to approximately 9.6 cM. We have also shown that the affected siblings sharing two alleles IBD at the chromosome 8p21 region and one allele IBD at the chromosome 14 region differ significantly in clinical symptoms from non-sharing affected siblings. Thus the analysis of allele sharing at a putative schizophrenia susceptibility locus conditioned on allele sharing at other loci provides another important method for dealing with heterogeneity.  (+info)

Reciprocal bone marrow transplantation between brother and sister. (7/1632)

A child with AML underwent allogeneic BMT from an HLA-identical sister donor. Prompt and stable triline-age engraftment occurred and after few months he returned to a normal life. Eight years later a primary NHL of bone developed in his sister. A partial remission was obtained by means of standard NHL treatment, but 3 months later rapid disease progression occurred with complete bone marrow invasion (ALL-L3). She was treated with a leukemia relapse protocol, obtaining a second partial remission. Unpurged bone marrow harvested from the brother, transplanted for AML 8 years earlier, was infused after conditioning with TBI and thiothepa. No GVHD prophylaxis was given. Neutrophil engraftment occurred by 14 days and platelet engraftment by 20 days after BMT. No acute GVHD was observed, but unexpectedly she developed skin and liver GVHD-like symptoms 80 days after BMT. Since the liver biopsy was suggestive of liver GVHD and in the absence of any other evidence as a possible cause of the hepatic damage, the patient started mycophenolate. Two months later serum hepatitis B markers were detectable.  (+info)

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism associates with graft-versus-host disease and survival in HLA-matched sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (8/1632)

We investigated the role of polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in HLA-matched sibling BMT for polymorphisms previously associated with human disease pathology. In intron 8 of the VDR gene, the B and A alleles of the BsmI and ApaI RFLPs were found to associate with reduced aGVHD when present in the patient's genotype. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patient VDR genotype, along with previously identified IL-10(-1064) and IFN-gamma genotype to be risk factors for severe acute GVHD. The A allele also associates with increased likelihood of death when present in the donor genotype (AA vs Aa or aa, hazard ratio 2.03, P = 0.0232). In patients who received increased prophylaxis with multi-agent therapy, patients whose graft was from a donor with an AA genotype had a substantially worse survival than patients whose graft was from a donor with a non-AA genotype (hazard ratio 12.93, P < 0.0001). Analysis of VDR genotype in prospective BMT recipients could indicate patients at risk of severe aGVHD. Analysis of VDR genotype in prospective BMT donors may identify individuals who have greater transplant-related mortality, and also allow appropriately restricted use of increased immunosuppressive prophylaxis.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "siblings" is not a medical term. It is a term used in genealogy and sociology to refer to the brothers and sisters that someone has. Sibling relationships can have medical implications, such as when inherited genetic disorders are present in a family, but the term "siblings" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

"Sibling relations" is not a standard term in medical terminology. However, in a broader context, it generally refers to the relationships between brothers and sisters. It can encompass both biological and non-biological siblings who share a common parent or are raised together in a family unit. The quality of sibling relations can have an impact on psychological development, emotional well-being, and social skills throughout a person's life. However, it is not typically used in a medical context or clinical setting.

A nuclear family, in medical and social sciences, refers to a family structure consisting of two married parents and their biological or adopted children living together in one household. It's the basic unit of a traditional family structure, typically comprising of a father (male parent), a mother (female parent) and their direct offspring. However, it's important to note that there are many different types of families and none is considered universally superior or normative. The concept of a nuclear family has evolved over time and varies across cultures and societies.

"Family Health" is not a term that has a single, widely accepted medical definition. However, in the context of healthcare and public health, "family health" often refers to the physical, mental, and social well-being of all members of a family unit. It includes the assessment, promotion, and prevention of health conditions that affect individual family members as well as the family as a whole.

Family health may also encompass interventions and programs that aim to strengthen family relationships, communication, and functioning, as these factors can have a significant impact on overall health outcomes. Additionally, family health may involve addressing social determinants of health, such as poverty, housing, and access to healthcare, which can affect the health of families and communities.

Overall, family health is a holistic approach to healthcare that recognizes the importance of considering the needs and experiences of all family members in promoting and maintaining good health.

Birth order is a term that refers to the sequence in which a person is born in their family, specifically in relation to their siblings. It is used in psychology and sociology to describe the various personality traits, behaviors, and developmental milestones that have been associated with being the firstborn, middle child, youngest child, or an only child.

For example, some studies suggest that firstborn children tend to be more responsible, achievement-oriented, and socially dominant than their younger siblings, while later-born children may be more easygoing, adventurous, and rebellious. However, it's important to note that these patterns are not universal and can be influenced by a variety of factors, including family size, spacing between siblings, gender, parenting style, and individual temperament.

Overall, birth order is just one factor among many that contribute to a person's development and identity, and should not be used as a definitive predictor of their traits or behaviors.

I must clarify that the term "pedigree" is not typically used in medical definitions. Instead, it is often employed in genetics and breeding, where it refers to the recorded ancestry of an individual or a family, tracing the inheritance of specific traits or diseases. In human genetics, a pedigree can help illustrate the pattern of genetic inheritance in families over multiple generations. However, it is not a medical term with a specific clinical definition.

The term "family" in a medical context often refers to a group of individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and who consider themselves to be a single household. This can include spouses, parents, children, siblings, grandparents, and other extended family members. In some cases, the term may also be used more broadly to refer to any close-knit group of people who provide emotional and social support for one another, regardless of their biological or legal relationship.

In healthcare settings, understanding a patient's family dynamics can be important for providing effective care. Family members may be involved in decision-making about medical treatments, providing care and support at home, and communicating with healthcare providers. Additionally, cultural beliefs and values within families can influence health behaviors and attitudes towards medical care, making it essential for healthcare professionals to take a culturally sensitive approach when working with patients and their families.

Histocompatibility testing, also known as tissue typing, is a medical procedure that determines the compatibility of tissues between two individuals, usually a potential donor and a recipient for organ or bone marrow transplantation. The test identifies specific antigens, called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), found on the surface of most cells in the body. These antigens help the immune system distinguish between "self" and "non-self" cells.

The goal of histocompatibility testing is to find a donor whose HLA markers closely match those of the recipient, reducing the risk of rejection of the transplanted organ or tissue. The test involves taking blood samples from both the donor and the recipient and analyzing them for the presence of specific HLA antigens using various laboratory techniques such as molecular typing or serological testing.

A high degree of histocompatibility between the donor and recipient is crucial to ensure the success of the transplantation procedure, minimize complications, and improve long-term outcomes.

Homologous transplantation is a type of transplant surgery where organs or tissues are transferred between two genetically non-identical individuals of the same species. The term "homologous" refers to the similarity in structure and function of the donated organ or tissue to the recipient's own organ or tissue.

For example, a heart transplant from one human to another is an example of homologous transplantation because both organs are hearts and perform the same function. Similarly, a liver transplant, kidney transplant, lung transplant, and other types of organ transplants between individuals of the same species are also considered homologous transplantations.

Homologous transplantation is in contrast to heterologous or xenogeneic transplantation, where organs or tissues are transferred from one species to another, such as a pig heart transplanted into a human. Homologous transplantation is more commonly performed than heterologous transplantation due to the increased risk of rejection and other complications associated with xenogeneic transplants.

Histocompatibility is the compatibility between tissues or organs from different individuals in terms of their histological (tissue) structure and antigenic properties. The term is most often used in the context of transplantation, where it refers to the degree of match between the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and other proteins on the surface of donor and recipient cells.

A high level of histocompatibility reduces the risk of rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue by the recipient's immune system, as their immune cells are less likely to recognize the donated tissue as foreign and mount an attack against it. Conversely, a low level of histocompatibility increases the likelihood of rejection, as the recipient's immune system recognizes the donated tissue as foreign and attacks it.

Histocompatibility testing is therefore an essential part of organ and tissue transplantation, as it helps to identify the best possible match between donor and recipient and reduces the risk of rejection.

HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) antigens are a group of proteins found on the surface of cells in our body. They play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to differentiate between "self" and "non-self." HLA antigens are encoded by a group of genes located on chromosome 6, known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

There are three types of HLA antigens: HLA class I, HLA class II, and HLA class III. HLA class I antigens are found on the surface of almost all cells in the body and help the immune system recognize and destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells. They consist of three components: HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C.

HLA class II antigens are primarily found on the surface of immune cells, such as macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells. They assist in the presentation of foreign particles (like bacteria and viruses) to CD4+ T cells, which then activate other parts of the immune system. HLA class II antigens include HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR.

HLA class III antigens consist of various molecules involved in immune responses, such as cytokines and complement components. They are not directly related to antigen presentation.

The genetic diversity of HLA antigens is extensive, with thousands of variations or alleles. This diversity allows for a better ability to recognize and respond to a wide range of pathogens. However, this variation can also lead to compatibility issues in organ transplantation, as the recipient's immune system may recognize the donor's HLA antigens as foreign and attack the transplanted organ.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a condition that can occur after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), where the donated immune cells (graft) recognize the recipient's tissues (host) as foreign and attack them. This results in inflammation and damage to various organs, particularly the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver.

Acute GVHD typically occurs within 100 days of transplantation and is characterized by symptoms such as rash, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction. Chronic GVHD, on the other hand, can occur after 100 days or even years post-transplant and may present with a wider range of symptoms, including dry eyes and mouth, skin changes, lung involvement, and issues with mobility and flexibility in joints.

GVHD is a significant complication following allogeneic HSCT and can have a substantial impact on the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis. Preventative measures, such as immunosuppressive therapy, are often taken to reduce the risk of GVHD, but its management remains a challenge in transplant medicine.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a medical procedure in which damaged or destroyed bone marrow is replaced with healthy bone marrow from a donor. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. The main types of BMT are autologous, allogeneic, and umbilical cord blood transplantation.

In autologous BMT, the patient's own bone marrow is used for the transplant. This type of BMT is often used in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy their cancerous bone marrow.

In allogeneic BMT, bone marrow from a genetically matched donor is used for the transplant. This type of BMT is often used in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or other blood disorders who have failed other treatments.

Umbilical cord blood transplantation involves using stem cells from umbilical cord blood as a source of healthy bone marrow. This type of BMT is often used in children and adults who do not have a matched donor for allogeneic BMT.

The process of BMT typically involves several steps, including harvesting the bone marrow or stem cells from the donor, conditioning the patient's body to receive the new bone marrow or stem cells, transplanting the new bone marrow or stem cells into the patient's body, and monitoring the patient for signs of engraftment and complications.

BMT is a complex and potentially risky procedure that requires careful planning, preparation, and follow-up care. However, it can be a life-saving treatment for many patients with blood disorders or cancer.

Consanguinity is a medical and genetic term that refers to the degree of genetic relationship between two individuals who share common ancestors. Consanguineous relationships exist when people are related by blood, through a common ancestor or siblings who have children together. The closer the relationship between the two individuals, the higher the degree of consanguinity.

The degree of consanguinity is typically expressed as a percentage or fraction, with higher values indicating a closer genetic relationship. For example, first-degree relatives, such as parents and children or full siblings, share approximately 50% of their genes and have a consanguinity coefficient of 0.25 (or 25%).

Consanguinity can increase the risk of certain genetic disorders and birth defects in offspring due to the increased likelihood of sharing harmful recessive genes. The risks depend on the degree of consanguinity, with closer relationships carrying higher risks. It is important for individuals who are planning to have children and have a history of consanguinity to consider genetic counseling and testing to assess their risk of passing on genetic disorders.

Genetic predisposition to disease refers to an increased susceptibility or vulnerability to develop a particular illness or condition due to inheriting specific genetic variations or mutations from one's parents. These genetic factors can make it more likely for an individual to develop a certain disease, but it does not guarantee that the person will definitely get the disease. Environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and interactions between genes also play crucial roles in determining if a genetically predisposed person will actually develop the disease. It is essential to understand that having a genetic predisposition only implies a higher risk, not an inevitable outcome.

Genetic linkage is the phenomenon where two or more genetic loci (locations on a chromosome) tend to be inherited together because they are close to each other on the same chromosome. This occurs during the process of sexual reproduction, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.

The closer two loci are to each other on a chromosome, the lower the probability that they will be separated by a crossover event. As a result, they are more likely to be inherited together and are said to be linked. The degree of linkage between two loci can be measured by their recombination frequency, which is the percentage of meiotic events in which a crossover occurs between them.

Linkage analysis is an important tool in genetic research, as it allows researchers to identify and map genes that are associated with specific traits or diseases. By analyzing patterns of linkage between markers (identifiable DNA sequences) and phenotypes (observable traits), researchers can infer the location of genes that contribute to those traits or diseases on chromosomes.

A tissue donor is an individual who has agreed to allow organs and tissues to be removed from their body after death for the purpose of transplantation to restore the health or save the life of another person. The tissues that can be donated include corneas, heart valves, skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, veins, and cartilage. These tissues can enhance the quality of life for many recipients and are often used in reconstructive surgeries. It is important to note that tissue donation does not interfere with an open casket funeral or other cultural or religious practices related to death and grieving.

"Family characteristics" is a broad term that can refer to various attributes, dynamics, and structures of a family unit. These characteristics can include:

1. Family structure: This refers to the composition of the family, such as whether it is a nuclear family (two parents and their children), single-parent family, extended family, blended family, or same-sex parent family.
2. Family roles: The responsibilities and expectations assigned to each family member, such as caregiver, provider, or decision-maker.
3. Communication patterns: How family members communicate with one another, including frequency, tone, and level of openness.
4. Problem-solving styles: How the family approaches and resolves conflicts and challenges.
5. Cultural and religious practices: The values, traditions, and beliefs that shape the family's identity and worldview.
6. Family functioning: The overall health and effectiveness of the family system, including its ability to adapt to change and support individual members' needs.
7. Attachment styles: The quality and nature of the emotional bonds between family members, which can impact attachment security and relationships throughout life.
8. Parenting style: The approach that parents take in raising their children, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved.
9. Family history: Past experiences and events that have shaped the family's development and dynamics.
10. Genetic factors: Inherited traits and predispositions that can influence family members' health, behavior, and personality.

Understanding family characteristics is essential in fields such as medicine, psychology, social work, and counseling, as these factors can significantly impact individual and family well-being.

A phenotype is the physical or biochemical expression of an organism's genes, or the observable traits and characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genetic constitution (genotype) with environmental factors. These characteristics can include appearance, development, behavior, and resistance to disease, among others. Phenotypes can vary widely, even among individuals with identical genotypes, due to differences in environmental influences, gene expression, and genetic interactions.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure where hematopoietic stem cells (immature cells that give rise to all blood cell types) are transplanted into a patient. This procedure is often used to treat various malignant and non-malignant disorders affecting the hematopoietic system, such as leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, inherited immune deficiency diseases, and certain genetic metabolic disorders.

The transplantation can be autologous (using the patient's own stem cells), allogeneic (using stem cells from a genetically matched donor, usually a sibling or unrelated volunteer), or syngeneic (using stem cells from an identical twin).

The process involves collecting hematopoietic stem cells, most commonly from the peripheral blood or bone marrow. The collected cells are then infused into the patient after the recipient's own hematopoietic system has been ablated (or destroyed) using high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. This allows the donor's stem cells to engraft, reconstitute, and restore the patient's hematopoietic system.

HSCT is a complex and potentially risky procedure with various complications, including graft-versus-host disease, infections, and organ damage. However, it offers the potential for cure or long-term remission in many patients with otherwise fatal diseases.

'Diseases in Twins' is a field of study that focuses on the similarities and differences in the occurrence, development, and outcomes of diseases among twins. This research can provide valuable insights into the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to various medical conditions.

Twins can be classified into two types: monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal). Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genes, while dizygotic twins share about 50%, similar to non-twin siblings. By comparing the concordance rates (the likelihood of both twins having the same disease) between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, researchers can estimate the heritability of a particular disease.

Studying diseases in twins also helps understand the role of environmental factors. When both twins develop the same disease, but they are discordant for certain risk factors (e.g., one twin smokes and the other does not), it suggests that the disease may have a stronger genetic component. On the other hand, when both twins share similar risk factors and develop the disease, it implies that environmental factors play a significant role.

Diseases in Twins research has contributed to our understanding of various medical conditions, including infectious diseases, cancer, mental health disorders, and developmental disorders. This knowledge can lead to better prevention strategies, early detection methods, and more targeted treatments for these diseases.

The "age of onset" is a medical term that refers to the age at which an individual first develops or displays symptoms of a particular disease, disorder, or condition. It can be used to describe various medical conditions, including both physical and mental health disorders. The age of onset can have implications for prognosis, treatment approaches, and potential causes of the condition. In some cases, early onset may indicate a more severe or progressive course of the disease, while late-onset symptoms might be associated with different underlying factors or etiologies. It is essential to provide accurate and precise information regarding the age of onset when discussing a patient's medical history and treatment plan.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "parents" is not a term that has a medical definition. In general usage, parents are the two people (typically) who bring up and care for a child, or who have given birth to or adopted a child. They are responsible for the child's housing, food, clothing, education, and medical care. Is there a specific medical or healthcare-related context you had in mind? I would be happy to help further if I can.

Genotype, in genetics, refers to the complete heritable genetic makeup of an individual organism, including all of its genes. It is the set of instructions contained in an organism's DNA for the development and function of that organism. The genotype is the basis for an individual's inherited traits, and it can be contrasted with an individual's phenotype, which refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism that result from the expression of its genes in combination with environmental influences.

It is important to note that an individual's genotype is not necessarily identical to their genetic sequence. Some genes have multiple forms called alleles, and an individual may inherit different alleles for a given gene from each parent. The combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a particular gene is known as their genotype for that gene.

Understanding an individual's genotype can provide important information about their susceptibility to certain diseases, their response to drugs and other treatments, and their risk of passing on inherited genetic disorders to their offspring.

Adoption is a legal process in which the rights and responsibilities of being a parent are transferred from one person or couple to another. It permanently gives adoptive parents custody of the child and makes them legally responsible for the child's care and well-being. The birth parents' legal rights and responsibilities are typically terminated as part of the adoption process, although in some cases they may retain certain rights or have ongoing contact with the child. Adoption can involve infants, older children, or siblings, and can be arranged through private agencies, foster care systems, or international channels.

An endophenotype is a measurable biological or neurophysiological characteristic that is associated with a particular disease or disorder. It is thought to be a heritable component that contributes to the development and expression of the disease, and can be used to help understand the underlying genetic and neural mechanisms of the disorder. Endophenotypes are often quantifiable and can be observed in individuals both with and without the disorder, making them useful for research purposes. They may include biochemical measures, neurophysiological measures, neuroanatomical measures, or cognitive/neural performance measures.

Transplantation conditioning, also known as preparative regimen or immunoablative therapy, refers to the use of various treatments prior to transplantation of cells, tissues or organs. The main goal of transplantation conditioning is to suppress the recipient's immune system, allowing for successful engraftment and minimizing the risk of rejection of the donor tissue.

There are two primary types of transplantation conditioning: myeloablative and non-myeloablative.

1. Myeloablative conditioning is a more intensive regimen that involves the use of high-dose chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both. This approach eliminates not only immune cells but also stem cells in the bone marrow, requiring the recipient to receive a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) from the donor to reconstitute their blood and immune system.
2. Non-myeloablative conditioning is a less intensive regimen that primarily targets immune cells while sparing the stem cells in the bone marrow. This approach allows for mixed chimerism, where both recipient and donor immune cells coexist, reducing the risk of severe complications associated with myeloablative conditioning.

The choice between these two types of transplantation conditioning depends on various factors, including the type of transplant, patient's age, overall health, and comorbidities. Both approaches carry risks and benefits, and the decision should be made carefully by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals in consultation with the patient.

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, are derived from a single fertilized egg (ovum) that splits and develops into two separate embryos. This results in the formation of genetically identical individuals who share the same genetic material, with the exception of potential mutations that may occur after the split. Monozygotic twins have the same sex, blood type, and other genetic traits. They are a unique pair of siblings, sharing an extraordinary degree of resemblance in physical characteristics, abilities, and behaviors.

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are a result of two separate sperm fertilizing two separate eggs during conception. These twins share about 50% of their genes, similar to any non-twin siblings. They may be of the same sex or different sexes and can vary in appearance, personality, and interests. Dizygotic twins typically do not share a placenta or a sac in the womb, but they may share a chorion (outer fetal membrane).

Aplastic anemia is a medical condition characterized by pancytopenia (a decrease in all three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) due to the failure of bone marrow to produce new cells. It is called "aplastic" because the bone marrow becomes hypocellular or "aplastic," meaning it contains few or no blood-forming stem cells.

The condition can be acquired or inherited, with acquired aplastic anemia being more common. Acquired aplastic anemia can result from exposure to toxic chemicals, radiation, drugs, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders. Inherited forms of the disease include Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita.

Symptoms of aplastic anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, frequent infections, and fever. Treatment options for aplastic anemia depend on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause. They may include blood transfusions, immunosuppressive therapy, and stem cell transplantation.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Hematologic neoplasms, also known as hematological malignancies, are a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and accumulation of abnormal blood cells or bone marrow cells. These disorders can originate from the myeloid or lymphoid cell lines, which give rise to various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Hematologic neoplasms can be broadly classified into three categories:

1. Leukemias: These are cancers that primarily affect the bone marrow and blood-forming tissues. They result in an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which interfere with the normal functioning of the blood and immune system. There are several types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
2. Lymphomas: These are cancers that develop from the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system responsible for fighting infections. Lymphomas can affect lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. The two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
3. Myelomas: These are cancers that arise from the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. Multiple myeloma is the most common type of myeloma, characterized by an excessive proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to the production of abnormal amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins) and bone destruction.

Hematologic neoplasms can have various symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and bone pain. The diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and sometimes bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the disease and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

Bereavement is the state of loss or grief experienced when a person experiences the death of a loved one, friend, or family member. It is a normal response to the death of someone close and can involve a range of emotions such as sadness, anger, guilt, and anxiety. The grieving process can be different for everyone and can take time to work through. Professional support may be sought to help cope with the loss.

Birth intervals refer to the length of time between the birth of one child and the conception of the next child. It is the duration from the delivery of one baby to the initiation of the pregnancy that results in another birth. This interval is an essential measure in reproductive health, as it can impact the health and well-being of both the mother and the children.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum birth interval of 24 months between pregnancies to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Shorter birth intervals are associated with increased risks for preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and neonatal mortality. Additionally, short birth intervals can also negatively affect the mother's health, increasing the risk of maternal depletion syndrome, which may lead to nutritional deficiencies, anemia, and fatigue.

Birth intervals are influenced by various factors, including cultural norms, socioeconomic status, access to family planning services, and individual preferences. Encouraging longer birth intervals through improved access to family planning resources and education can contribute to better maternal and child health outcomes.

Recessive genes refer to the alleles (versions of a gene) that will only be expressed when an individual has two copies of that particular allele, one inherited from each parent. If an individual inherits one recessive allele and one dominant allele for a particular gene, the dominant allele will be expressed and the recessive allele will have no effect on the individual's phenotype (observable traits).

Recessive genes can still play a role in determining an individual's genetic makeup and can be passed down through generations even if they are not expressed. If two carriers of a recessive gene have children, there is a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit two copies of the recessive allele and exhibit the associated recessive trait.

Examples of genetic disorders caused by recessive genes include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and albinism.

A homozygote is an individual who has inherited the same allele (version of a gene) from both parents and therefore possesses two identical copies of that allele at a specific genetic locus. This can result in either having two dominant alleles (homozygous dominant) or two recessive alleles (homozygous recessive). In contrast, a heterozygote has inherited different alleles from each parent for a particular gene.

The term "homozygote" is used in genetics to describe the genetic makeup of an individual at a specific locus on their chromosomes. Homozygosity can play a significant role in determining an individual's phenotype (observable traits), as having two identical alleles can strengthen the expression of certain characteristics compared to having just one dominant and one recessive allele.

In the field of medicine, twins are defined as two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. They can be either monozygotic (identical) or dizygotic (fraternal). Monozygotic twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two separate embryos, resulting in individuals who share identical genetic material. Dizygotic twins, on the other hand, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs by two different sperm cells, leading to siblings who share about 50% of their genetic material, similar to non-twin siblings.

Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:

1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.

Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. It often includes hallucinations (usually hearing voices), delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech and behavior. The onset of symptoms typically occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment and management. It significantly impairs social and occupational functioning, and it's often associated with reduced life expectancy due to comorbid medical conditions. The exact causes of schizophrenia are not fully understood, but research suggests that genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental factors play a role in its development.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Parent-Child Relations" is not a medical term per se. It falls more under the purview of psychology, social work, and sociology. However, I can provide you with a general definition:

Parent-Child Relations refers to the nature and quality of the emotional, behavioral, and social relationships between parents (or primary caregivers) and their children. This relationship significantly influences a child's development, including their cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral growth. Positive parent-child relations typically involve warmth, support, communication, consistency, and appropriate expectations, which contribute to healthy child development outcomes. On the other hand, negative or dysfunctional parent-child relations can lead to various developmental and psychological issues for the child.

'Only child' is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe a person who has no siblings or who is the sole offspring in their family. While there may not be direct medical implications of being an only child, some research suggests that only children might have different social and psychological characteristics compared to those with siblings. However, these findings are not universally accepted and further research is needed to fully understand the impact of sibling status on individual development.

Integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) is a non-collagenous protein found in bones and teeth. It is also known as bone sialoprotein II or acidic glycoprotein 34. IBSP plays a role in the regulation of biomineralization, which is the process by which minerals are deposited in biological tissues.

IBSP contains several functional domains that allow it to interact with other proteins and molecules. One such domain is an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif, which can bind to integrin receptors on the surface of cells. This interaction helps regulate the attachment and behavior of cells in bone tissue.

IBSP also contains a large number of sialic acid residues, which give it its name and contribute to its negative charge. These residues may play a role in protecting the protein from degradation and helping it interact with other molecules in the extracellular matrix.

Overall, IBSP is an important component of bone tissue and plays a key role in regulating the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sweden" is not a medical term. It is a country located in northern Europe. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!

Chromosome mapping, also known as physical mapping, is the process of determining the location and order of specific genes or genetic markers on a chromosome. This is typically done by using various laboratory techniques to identify landmarks along the chromosome, such as restriction enzyme cutting sites or patterns of DNA sequence repeats. The resulting map provides important information about the organization and structure of the genome, and can be used for a variety of purposes, including identifying the location of genes associated with genetic diseases, studying evolutionary relationships between organisms, and developing genetic markers for use in breeding or forensic applications.

A "social environment" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, but it is often used in the context of public health and social sciences to refer to the physical and social conditions, relationships, and organized institutions that influence the health and well-being of individuals and communities.

The social environment includes factors such as:

* Social support networks (family, friends, community)
* Cultural norms and values
* Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation)
* Housing and neighborhood conditions
* Access to resources (food, healthcare, transportation)
* Exposure to discrimination, violence, and other stressors

These factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes, as they can influence behaviors related to health (such as diet, exercise, and substance use), as well as exposure to disease and access to healthcare. Understanding the social environment is essential for developing effective public health interventions and policies that promote health equity and reduce health disparities.

"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.

For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.

It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses. They may have various effects on the organism, ranging from benign to harmful, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. In some cases, mutations can increase an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders, while in others, they may confer a survival advantage. Mutations are the driving force behind evolution, as they introduce new genetic variability into populations, which can then be acted upon by natural selection.

In a medical context, "survivors" typically refers to individuals who have lived through or recovered from a serious illness, injury, or life-threatening event. This may include people who have survived cancer, heart disease, trauma, or other conditions that posed a significant risk to their health and well-being. The term is often used to describe the resilience and strength of these individuals, as well as to highlight the importance of ongoing support and care for those who have faced serious medical challenges. It's important to note that the definition may vary depending on the context in which it's used.

Competitive behavior, in a medical or psychological context, refers to the actions, attitudes, and strategies that individuals employ in order to achieve their goals while contending with others who have similar objectives. This concept is often studied within the framework of social psychology and personality psychology.

Competitive behavior can manifest in various domains, including sports, academics, professional settings, and social relationships. It may involve direct competition, where individuals or groups engage in head-to-head contests to determine a winner, or indirect competition, where individuals strive for limited resources or recognition without necessarily interacting with one another.

In some cases, competitive behavior can be adaptive and contribute to personal growth, skill development, and motivation. However, excessive competitiveness may also lead to negative outcomes such as stress, anxiety, reduced cooperation, and strained relationships. Factors that influence the expression of competitive behavior include genetic predispositions, environmental influences, cultural norms, and individual personality traits.

In a medical setting, healthcare providers may encounter competitive behavior among patients vying for attention or resources, between colleagues striving for professional advancement, or in the context of patient-provider relationships where power dynamics can influence decision-making processes. Understanding the nuances of competitive behavior is essential for fostering positive interactions and promoting collaboration in various domains.

A cohort study is a type of observational study in which a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure are followed up over time to determine the incidence of a specific outcome or outcomes. The cohort, or group, is defined based on the exposure status (e.g., exposed vs. unexposed) and then monitored prospectively to assess for the development of new health events or conditions.

Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective in design. In a prospective cohort study, participants are enrolled and followed forward in time from the beginning of the study. In contrast, in a retrospective cohort study, researchers identify a cohort that has already been assembled through medical records, insurance claims, or other sources and then look back in time to assess exposure status and health outcomes.

Cohort studies are useful for establishing causality between an exposure and an outcome because they allow researchers to observe the temporal relationship between the two. They can also provide information on the incidence of a disease or condition in different populations, which can be used to inform public health policy and interventions. However, cohort studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, and they may be subject to bias if participants are not representative of the population or if there is loss to follow-up.

A LOD (Logarithm of Odds) score is not a medical term per se, but rather a statistical concept that is used in genetic research and linkage analysis to determine the likelihood of a gene or genetic marker being linked to a particular disease or trait. The LOD score compares the odds of observing the pattern of inheritance of a genetic marker in a family if the marker is linked to the disease, versus the odds if the marker is not linked. A LOD score of 3 or higher is generally considered evidence for linkage, while a score of -2 or lower is considered evidence against linkage.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same locus or position on homologous chromosomes.

Each person typically inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. If the two alleles are identical, a person is said to be homozygous for that trait. If the alleles are different, the person is heterozygous.

For example, the ABO blood group system has three alleles, A, B, and O, which determine a person's blood type. If a person inherits two A alleles, they will have type A blood; if they inherit one A and one B allele, they will have type AB blood; if they inherit two B alleles, they will have type B blood; and if they inherit two O alleles, they will have type O blood.

Alleles can also influence traits such as eye color, hair color, height, and other physical characteristics. Some alleles are dominant, meaning that only one copy of the allele is needed to express the trait, while others are recessive, meaning that two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait.

A case-control study is an observational research design used to identify risk factors or causes of a disease or health outcome. In this type of study, individuals with the disease or condition (cases) are compared with similar individuals who do not have the disease or condition (controls). The exposure history or other characteristics of interest are then compared between the two groups to determine if there is an association between the exposure and the disease.

Case-control studies are often used when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct a randomized controlled trial, as they can provide valuable insights into potential causes of diseases or health outcomes in a relatively short period of time and at a lower cost than other study designs. However, because case-control studies rely on retrospective data collection, they are subject to biases such as recall bias and selection bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, it is important to carefully design and conduct case-control studies to minimize these potential sources of bias.

"Family relations" is a broad term that refers to the various interactions, roles, and relationships between members of a family unit. This can include the dynamics between parents and children, siblings, extended family members, and any other individuals considered part of the family.

Family relations can be influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural background, individual personalities, life experiences, and family structure. These relationships can have a significant impact on an individual's emotional, social, and psychological development and well-being.

Positive family relations are characterized by open communication, mutual respect, support, and affection. On the other hand, negative family relations can be marked by conflict, hostility, neglect, and abuse. It is important to note that family relations can be complex and multifaceted, with both positive and negative aspects coexisting within the same family system.

In a medical context, understanding family relations can be crucial for healthcare providers in order to provide effective care and support to their patients. This may involve assessing family dynamics and communication patterns, as well as providing education and resources to help families navigate any challenges or conflicts that may arise.

... and siblings across America have also commended the Siblings Day Foundation. Siblings Day has expanded internationally, with ... "About - Siblings Day Foundation". Retrieved July 13, 2023. "Presidential Letters of Support Gallery - Siblings Day Foundation ... Since 1998, the governors of 49 states have officially issued proclamations to recognize Siblings Day in their state. Siblings ... "Have you showed your sibling love for National Sibling's Day?". RAPPLER. April 11, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2023. America, Good ...
Andy Lau Handsome Siblings at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase Jue dai shuang jiao at IMDb Handsome Siblings at the Hong Kong Movie ... Handsome Siblings is a 1992 Hong Kong wuxia film adapted from Gu Long's novel Juedai Shuangjiao. The film was directed by Eric ...
MediaCorp Channel 8 - Spice Siblings MediaCorp Channel 8 - Spice Siblings (Chinese) (Articles lacking sources from September ... Spice Siblings (辣兄辣妹) is a Chinese show in Singapore, aired in 2004 starring Tay Ping Hui, Jeanette Aw, Cynthia Koh, Andrew ... Wen Qing returns home and vents her anger on her two siblings, Wen Xin (Le Yao) and Wen Quan (Andrew Seow), and also on her ...
A sibling is one of two or more individuals having one or both parents in common. Siblings may also refer to: SIBLING proteins ... a BBC Three television series This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Siblings. If an internal link ... Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins), such as dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 "Siblings" (The Middle), ... an episode of The Middle Siblings (TV series), ...
Siblings is a 1997 bronze sculpture of two mountain lions by the Colorado-based artist Rosetta, installed in Chicago's Lincoln ... 1997 in art "Siblings , Artwork , Chicago Park District". www.chicagoparkdistrict.com. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28 ...
BBC portal Siblings at BBC Online Siblings at British Comedy Guide Siblings at IMDb (Articles with short description, Short ... "BBC3's Siblings returns for a second series". radiotimes.com. Retrieved 10 September 2014. "BBC Three orders Siblings Series 2 ... Siblings is a BBC Three sitcom starring Charlotte Ritchie and Tom Stourton in the lead roles. Written by Keith Akushie, the ... "BBC Three's 'Siblings' Gets Green Light For Series 2!". Actonthis.tv. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014. "BBC3 ...
The Noble siblings case is an Argentine case concerning the biological identity of Marcela and Felipe Noble Herrera, adoptive ...
Official website (in Korean) Three Bold Siblings at IMDb Three Bold Siblings at HanCinema Three Bold Siblings on KBS World ( ... Three Bold Siblings (Korean: 삼남매가 용감하게) is a 2023 South Korean television series starring Lee Ha-na, Lim Ju-hwan, Lee Tae-sung ... Lee Kyung-jin as Yoo Jung-suk Mother of three siblings and a strong and honest person. But feel sadness for Tae Joo. Song Seung ... "Three Bold Siblings". KBS World. Retrieved August 24, 2022. 유정민, 사진제공 지앤지프로덕션. "'삼남매가 용감하게' 이하나→임주환, 캐릭터와 완벽 동화". entertain. ...
... at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles ... The Legendary Siblings is a Taiwanese television series adapted from Gu Long's novel Juedai Shuangjiao. The series was directed ... It was first broadcast on TTV in Taiwan in 1999 and was followed by The Legendary Siblings 2 in 2002. Jimmy Lin as Xiaoyu'er ...
... (German: Die Geschwister Pfister, lit. 'The Siblings Pfister') is a Swiss-German comedy band founded in ... The 2021 Historical Dictionary of Berlin names The Pfister Siblings as one of the city's most important performers. In Spring ... They created fictional personas as 4 orphan siblings from Zermatt, Switzerland. In 2009, they released In The Clinic, which ...
"Handsome Siblings". IMDb. Retrieved 2020-08-13. McCarty, Steve (2020-03-08). "Handsome Siblings, the sword-slinging reboot of a ... Handsome Siblings (Chinese: 绝代双骄; pinyin: Jue Dai Shuang Jiao) is a 2020 Chinese television series based on the novel Juedai ... Stein, Frankie (2020-05-29). "Love C-dramas? 'Handsome Siblings' needs to be on your watchlist". Film Daily. Archived from the ... young Jiang Qin Mao Lin Lin as Yaoyue Meng Li as Lianxing Zhao Yingzi as Hua Yuenu Handsome Siblings received generally ...
... is a 2018 Nigerian comedy series, produced by Funke Akindele and co-directed by JJC Skillz and Olasunkanmi ... Mix, Pulse (2021-03-19). "We rank our top 5 favorite characters from 'My siblings and I'". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 2022-07-22 ... "Funke Akindele Bello's My Siblings and I enters Season 4 The Nation Newspaper". 2022-01-07. Retrieved 2022-07-23. dnbstories ( ...
... (also known as Amazing Twins) is a Taiwanese television series starring Jimmy Lin and Tae in the ... It was first broadcast on CTS in Taiwan from January to March 2002, and was preceded by The Legendary Siblings in 1999. The ... in Chinese) The Legendary Siblings 2 official page on CTS's website (Articles with short description, Short description is ...
Sibling marriage was historically practiced in ancient Egypt and Inca tribes. Innate sexual aversion between siblings forms due ... Thus, many cases of sibling incest, including accidental incest, concern siblings who were separated at birth or at a very ... sexual relations between siblings are considered incestuous almost universally, regardless of legality. Still, sibling marriage ... This article gives a list of individuals who have been romantically or maritally coupled with a sibling. This list does not ...
Immediate family List of sibling groups Sibling relationship Sibling estrangement Siblings Day Sladdbarn Step-sibling Multiple ... Siblings-in-law are the siblings of one's spouse, the spouse of one's sibling, or the spouse of one's spouse's sibling. The ... A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the subject. A male sibling is a brother and a female sibling is a ... Cross-siblings are individuals who share one or more half-siblings; if one person has at least one maternal half-sibling and at ...
Lucia and Leo Krim, aged 6 and 2 respectively, were murdered in the late afternoon of October 25, 2012, at the La Rochelle apartment building on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The children's part-time caretaker, Yoselyn Ortega, was convicted of stabbing the children to death with kitchen knives while their mother Marina Krim and three-year-old sister Nessie were a few blocks away at a swimming lesson. Upon returning home, their mother and sister found Lucia and Leo dead in a bathtub at the family apartment. Ortega then began stabbing herself repeatedly in the neck and throat. She survived the self-inflicted wounds. On February 22, 2018, twelve jurors were chosen for Ortega's trial, and opening statements began March 1 in Manhattan Supreme Court. On April 18, 2018, Ortega was found guilty of first-degree murder and second-degree murder. Ortega was sentenced on May 14, 2018, to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The children lived with their parents, Marina and ...
"Sibling Revelry"". Guitar Nine Records. Retrieved 2008-11-16. "Flyin' Ryan Brothers "Sibling Revelry" Artist Credits". Guitar ... Sibling Revelry is the debut album by American progressive rock band The Flyin' Ryan Brothers, released in 1996. Jimmy Ryan - ...
Sibling conflict: Siblings deidentification can occurs as a result of conflict within the sibling relationship, which is common ... Sibling rivalry/niche-filling: Siblings may use deidentification to reduce competition for finite parental resources (sibling ... Sibling deidentification is a cognitive identity-formation process that increases the extent to which one sibling (or both) in ... "why are siblings so different from one another?" Adolescent siblings may begin to deidentify for a number of reasons. ...
Sibling rivalry involves aggression and insults, especially between siblings close in age. Siblings may be jealous of and ... This makes the older sibling a role model and caretaker to the younger sibling. A positive impact on the younger siblings' ... Marriage of one sibling may either strengthen or weaken the sibling bond. The same can be said for change of location, birth of ... When the younger sibling begins school, the older sibling may help him or her become acclimated and advise on the new struggles ...
A savior baby or savior sibling is a child who is conceived in order to provide a stem cell transplant to a sibling that is ... A savior baby or savior sibling is a child who is conceived in order to provide a stem cell transplant to a sibling that is ... in the ailing sibling, since the savior sibling can be selected to not have inherited the disease. The procedure may also be ... The novel My Sister's Keeper, later adapted into a film, is about a child who was born as a savior sibling to her sister Kate ...
As opposed to sibling rivalry, sibling abuse is characterized by the one-sided treatment of one sibling to another. Sibling ... or sexual abuse of one sibling by another. More often than not, the younger sibling is abused by the older sibling. Sibling ... Sibling physical abuse is defined as a sibling deliberately causing violence to another sibling. The abuse can be inflicted ... where older siblings are more likely to abuse the younger siblings. Psychological abuse among siblings is even more difficult ...
Dealing with Sibling rivalry Sibling Rivalry Raising Children Network Siblings in Conflict Film and Text (in German) Sibling ... Sibling rivalry is a type of competition or animosity among siblings, whether blood-related or not. Siblings generally spend ... Sibling relationships in animals are not always competitive. For example, among wolves, older siblings help to feed and guard ... Sibling rivalry can continue into adulthood, and sibling relationships can change dramatically over the years. Events, such as ...
... or sibling alienation is the breakdown of relationships between siblings resulting in a lack of ... and step-sibling relationships were linked to higher degrees of sibling estrangement in childhood. Sibling estrangement occurs ... Full siblings are less likely to experience estrangement than half and step-siblings who lived together for at least half of ... Non-biological siblings who had little to no history of childhood co-residence are more likely than other siblings to become ...
Qin, C.; Baba, O.; Butler, W.T. (2004). "Post-Translational Modifications of Sibling Proteins and Their Roles in Osteogenesis ... The family of non-collagenous proteins known as SIBLING proteins, standing for small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked ... The following are categorized as SIBLING proteins: osteopontin (OPN) bone sialoprotein (BSP) dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) ... dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) The genes coding for members of the SIBLING ...
Sibling Rivalry may also refer to: Sibling Rivalry, an album by The Doobie Brothers Sibling Rivalry, an album by The Rowans ... "Sibling Rivalry" (Even Stevens), an episode of Even Stevens "Sibling Rivalry" (Family Guy), a 2006 episode of Family Guy ... a compilation album by The Smothers Brothers Sibling Rivalry, a music group featuring Joey Ramone Sibling Rivalry (film), a ... Sibling rivalry is a type of competition or animosity among brothers and sisters. ...
... the killing of siblings. Sibling rivalry occurs in many different forms. Siblings may compete for resources in a prenatal and/ ... Intense sibling aggression begins only a few minutes after birth and then continues for a few days. The function of sibling ... Sibling rivalry can be mediated and/or encouraged by parents, especially in bird species. Sibling rivalry can also have a ... Behavioral ecology § Sibling-sibling conflict Krebs, J. R., and N. B. Davies. An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. Oxford: ...
A sibling-in-law is the spouse of one's sibling, the sibling of one's spouse or the person who is married to the sibling of ... One study, examining the issue of envy in the triadic system of sibling, sibling-in-law and spouse, concluded that "The sibling ... a sibling-in-law is referred to as a brother-in-law for a male sibling-in-law and a sister-in-law for a female sibling-in-law. ... for the wife of one's sibling-in-law, or co-brother, for the husband of one's sibling-in-law). Siblings-in-law are related by a ...
Sibling Rivalry at IMDb Sibling Rivalry at the TCM Movie Database Sibling Rivalry at AllMovie Sibling Rivalry at Box Office ... "Sibling Rivalry". Rotten Tomatoes. Ebert, Roger (October 26, 1990). "Sibling Rivalry". Chicago Sun-Times. "Sibling Rivalry". TV ... "Sibling Rivalry (1990)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Retrieved November 15, 2021. "Sibling Rivalry". Box Office Mojo. ... Sibling Rivalry was released on October 26, 1990 in 1,448 theatres. It opened at #2 at the box office, grossing $4 million in ...
... is a small press publishing house based in Little Rock, Arkansas founded by Bryan Borland in 2010. It ... Bryan Borland originally conceived of Sibling Rivalry Press as a vanity press through which to disseminate his personal ... Authors since published by Sibling Rivalry Press include Ocean Vuong, Michael Klein, Saeed Jones, Kaveh Akbar, Kazim Ali, ... http://siblingrivalrypress.com/ "Sibling Rivalry Press and LGBT Writing". www.litbridge.com. Archived from the original on 2013 ...
... is a book by the poet, activist and author Robert Bly, published in 1996. Bly argues that modern men face ... "Just Grow Up! : THE SIBLING SOCIETY. By Robert Bly". Los Angeles Times. September 15, 1996. Retrieved March 15, 2014. v t e ( ... The sibling society (book, 1996). WorldCat. OCLC 33667615. Retrieved 19 January 2011. Goodman, Walter (19 June 1996). "BOOKS OF ...
... and siblings across America have also commended the Siblings Day Foundation. Siblings Day has expanded internationally, with ... "About - Siblings Day Foundation". Retrieved July 13, 2023. "Presidential Letters of Support Gallery - Siblings Day Foundation ... Since 1998, the governors of 49 states have officially issued proclamations to recognize Siblings Day in their state. Siblings ... "Have you showed your sibling love for National Siblings Day?". RAPPLER. April 11, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2023. America, Good ...
BBC portal Siblings at BBC Online Siblings at British Comedy Guide Siblings at IMDb (Articles with short description, Short ... "BBC3s Siblings returns for a second series". radiotimes.com. Retrieved 10 September 2014. "BBC Three orders Siblings Series 2 ... Siblings is a BBC Three sitcom starring Charlotte Ritchie and Tom Stourton in the lead roles. Written by Keith Akushie, the ... "BBC Threes Siblings Gets Green Light For Series 2!". Actonthis.tv. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014. "BBC3 ...
Find the latest news on Siblings and more on Popsugar. ... The 10 Best Sibling Halloween Costume Ideas. Dreaming up ... Complementary Matching Outfits For Siblings That Theyll Actually Want to Wear. If you grew up with siblings, you can probably ... How the Shibutani Siblings Have Stayed Friends Through the Olympics and Book Launches. Alex and Maia Shibutani might be the ... Heres Exactly What My Siblings Did to Support Me When I Came Out as Genderqueer. I grew up the third of four children.. ...
... is a scene that every sibling will relate to! Suffice to say, Prateik Babbar created a lasting impression with his character. ... Sibling bond. Aditis artistic younger brother, Amit was a character that we will cherish forever. Prateik Babbars debut was ... is a scene that every sibling will relate to! Suffice to say, Prateik Babbar created a lasting impression with his character. ...
Siblings have times of struggle and happiness in their relationship. Learn how to help your kids weather the storms and make ... Jealousy Between Siblings Sibling jealousy can be a problem the moment a new baby comes home and last even as the siblings ... Help For Arguing Siblings Are you tired of being the referee when sibling personalities collide? Finally, you have a way to get ... Sisters and Sibling Rivalry Battling sisters face off on the Dr Phil Show. Here are a couple tips for the family that Dr Phi ...
Experts answer questions about cancer and siblings (sisters and brothers) and other cancer related questions. ... Invite siblings to join you in fun activities. Siblings need to laugh, have fun, and be themselves, especially during this ... Here are some tips for helping siblings manage:. *Make time to talk to individual siblings. Ask them how they are doing, and ... Questions & Answers about Siblings. You can also browse all resources about siblings» ...
Listen to Supernatural Siblings audiobooks on Audible. Immerse yourself in the series as it was meant to be heard. Free trial ...
Janet Jackson and four of her siblings sent a scathing letter to the men who control Michael Jacksons estate, accusing them of ... The siblings also attacked Sanders, Katherine Jacksons manager, Lowell Henry, and adviser Trent Jackson for discouraging her ... Janet Jackson and four of her siblings sent a scathing letter to the men who control Michael Jacksons estate, accusing them of ... Siblings: "Heartless pursuit of wealth, fame and power is at the expense of our family" ...
Involving & Appreciating Siblings. Autism Talking About Autism Baby (0-1) Toddler (1-3) Preschooler (3-5) Kindergartener (5-6) ... Its okay for siblings to have strong feelings about each other. They may even feel a few different ways at once: proud and at ... Ask siblings to think of the ways they are alike, and the ways they are different. Find different ways of celebrating each ... Sometimes siblings need to share their feelings with grown-ups who arent their parents. Make sure your children have trusted ...
Vin Diesel has three siblings: Paul, Tim and Samantha Vincent ... Vin Diesels Siblings: All About His Brothers and Sister. Adam ... Vin Diesel with his siblings. Diesel and Paul were born in Alameda County, California, and moved to New York City with their ... Diesel and Samantha are the most active social media users of the siblings. Theyre both quick to show support and pay tribute ... and his three siblings: Paul, Tim and Samantha Vincent. ...
about siblings reconciled after decades apart. In popular culture, where there has been a renewed interest in sibling stories, ... so I was interested to find that fairly high on a random Google search for siblings is something called the sibling tattoo. The ... Writing About Siblings By Annemarie Neary. Annemarie Neary writes a piece for us upon the release of her new book The Orphans. ... When writing about siblings who had shared great trauma and loss, I was looking for those moments of divergence. In fiction, ...
Imagine living it up in high society on Park Avenue, losing it all in a Ponzi scheme, and being forced to move out to the...
Siblings. Hi,. Okay well Im going to try and get to the point so please bear with me. My brother who is around 16 years old ...
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... a South African sibling seeks redemption in Zambia, paired with an endurance athlete from Louisiana. But vindication proves ... Sibling Survival After his brother is medically tapped, a South African sibling seeks redemption in Zambia, paired with an ...
WisconSibs offers programs for kids who have siblings with disabilities. Ages 6-12 -- SibDays of Summer on July 18-22 at ... No reason for siblings to be bored this summer. ... Teen siblings may apply for the Teen Sib Leadership Award ... Siblings get to kick back and experience the freedom and thrill of adventure while sharing a great time with other sibs who " ... Sibling Summer Programs 2016 Registration for Summer Programs for children ages 6 and older Deadlines coming up. ...
... turned out to be a prison for 13 siblings. ... The 13 siblings ranged from 2 to 29 years old -- but the seven ... For example, the siblings wore identical outfits based on gender to help "keep up with the kids" during outings, she said. ... One photo, taken at the parents wedding vow renewal in Las Vegas, showed a dozen beaming siblings and a baby, with all the ... If not for a daring bolt by a 17-year-old girl, she and her siblings might still be trapped. ...
... she and her 12 siblings were living in squalid captivity in their familys Perris, Calif., home, as suburban life went on right ... Second-eldest sibling Joshua Turpin, then 27, who said he was living in an apartment and studying to become a software engineer ... I want the court to know that our parents loved each other and loved each of their children, a sibling who was 21 at the time ... When the responding deputy asked Jordan why, if their dad worked and mom was often out, she and her siblings didnt just leave ...
But try telling that to siblings who feel entitled to their parents assets, especially if they failed to plan for their own ... An obvious reason siblings fight over an inheritance is inequality, both in the distribution of assets and in control over the ... Help minimize those sibling squabbles with the help of an experienced estate planning attorney. An attorney can also help if ... But try telling that to siblings who feel entitled to their parents assets, especially if they failed to plan for their own ...
Theres the "sibling pillow" - a travel-size pillow each camper embroiders with a heartfelt, sibling-to-sibling message that ... Bill Nemitz: Camp gives siblings way to reunite. Theyre scattered all over Maine right now, 29 kids on the cusp of a dream ... To make up for all those birthdays missed, each camper "shops" for free among an array of donated gifts for his or her sibling ... While the outside world might applaud such courage, a fellow sibling caught up in the ensuing maelstrom might not view it so ...
Effect All Siblings on Hover With CSS. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. ...
Financial aid will take 12.5% off each respective siblings tuition. When there is one remaining sibling enrolled at the ... The Alfred University Sibling Grant is open for families that have two or more children attending Alfred University ... Alfred University Sibling Grant by Alfred University ...
They learn about the sibling experience, the importance of supporting siblings, and strategies to support siblings. Returning ... If so, caregivers and siblings are invited to join us! Intended for siblings of youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ... 2. Who is eligible? All caregivers are eligible if the affected child has siblings of any age. Siblings are eligible if they ... Sibling Support 2022 December 1, 2022 at 5:30 pm - December 1, 2022 at 7:00 pm ...
The Jennings siblings support each other. Facebook Jazzs older brother Griffen is also known for his supportive brother role ... Jazz Jennings siblings share the spotlight. Frazer Harrison/Getty Images Though Sander Jennings regularly appears on I Am Jazz ... The Truth About Jazz Jennings Siblings. NEWS EXCLUSIVES ROYALS BEAUTY STYLE WELLNESS LOVE LIVING POLITICS ENTERTAINMENT ... What all three Jennings siblings have in common is their unconditional love for Jazz. When speaking about having a transgender ...
Siblings visit from Down Under Australia - Romantic Getaways at BellaOnline ... We siblings get together once a year & enjoy a few weeks together - ... The siblings love to come down and indulge in all our Indian fast food. Like vadas, idlis, dosas and karabaath. The abs ... There is one thing the siblings miss while living abroad. They miss our house help, who pick up and carry after us. We dont ...
Can you name the show based on the pair of long-lost siblings? Test your knowledge on this television quiz and compare your ... TV Long-lost siblings. Can you name the show based on the pair of long-lost siblings?. ... Can you name the TV show based on the names of two characters who eventually turned out to be long-lost biological siblings? ...
... we look at some of the most important siblings on science fiction. ... 11 Important Siblings in Sci fi. From the wonder twins to the sisters summers, we look at some of the most important siblings ...
  • No word fits snugger with 'sibling' than 'rivalry' - from the little darling delivering a nip to the newborn under cover of a welcoming hug, to the competitive family gatherings of adulthood. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • One child apparently appropriating a book from another (often with the same surname) is not unusual, so interpreting the scribbles as a manifestation of sibling rivalry rings true to one's own childhood experience, with stories in children's books, and constructs of gender. (princeton.edu)
  • Sibling rivalry in adulthood is often expressed in terms of who has the higher-paying job or through their children's academic achievements, says Yorgason. (oprah.com)
  • What Is Sibling Rivalry? (kidshealth.org)
  • Often, sibling rivalry starts even before the second child joins the family, and continues as the kids grow and compete for everything from toys to attention. (kidshealth.org)
  • When it comes to supporting cross-sell and upsell goals, the relationship between demand marketing and customer marketing reminds me of the classic sibling rivalry. (forrester.com)
  • Rypi, A & Burcar Alm, V 2023, ' Latent sibling violence ', International Review of Victimology . (lu.se)
  • Whether its unexpected beneficiaries like a random third cousin or the church, a smaller estate than anticipated, certain bequests, or even a disinheritance, surprises can cause hurt feelings, in-fighting, and legal disputes among siblings. (findlaw.com)
  • This suggests genetics may not be the only link to poor mental health among siblings of the mentally ill, but the social relationship is also important. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Its objective was to investigate care among siblings and the repercussions of generational transmission on the sibling group. (bvsalud.org)
  • Flaws in the psychic assimilation of elements of generational transmission also influence in the creation of sibling bonds, inhibiting the development of family ties of solidarity and the establishment of healthy care practices among siblings. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sibling jealousy can be a problem the moment a new baby comes home and last even as the siblings enter adulthood. (bellaonline.com)
  • Before Jordan Turpin managed to escape in 2018, she and her 12 siblings were living in squalid captivity in their family's Perris, Calif., home, as suburban life went on right outside the door. (eonline.com)
  • and likewise, adult surviving siblings are welcome to attend without their parents. (taps.org)
  • Help minimize those sibling squabbles with the help of an experienced estate planning attorney. (findlaw.com)
  • Nonmaterial examples of observances during this day includes giving hugs to your sibling(s), enjoying time with them, honoring their presence in your life, and greeting them on various social media platforms using childhood photos. (wikipedia.org)
  • So little is known about the impact that a person with low IQ or mental illness has on the psychological and social development of his or her siblings, especially beyond childhood," said the study's lead author, Julie Lounds Taylor, PhD. "Our findings highlight the need for families of the mentally ill, specifically siblings, to be more aware of their own mental health needs throughout their lifetimes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The idea of wearing sibling affinity on one's forearm seems like a strange idea (as if you aren't already marked by the same nose, by a predisposition to asthma or a shared appreciation of baked Alaska). (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • The older sibling soon recovered, but the younger child mediated clotting disorder. (cdc.gov)
  • Teens, on the other hand, are developing a sense of individuality and independence, and might resent helping with household chores, taking care of younger siblings, or even having to spend time together. (kidshealth.org)
  • You can assert that they are a role model to their younger sibling, who looks up to them and learns from them. (kidsturncentral.com)
  • Here are 5 simple activities you can try if you have some younger siblings. (kidsturncentral.com)
  • It can be challenging for parents to focus on the needs and concerns of their other children, which can lead to siblings feeling "invisible" or alone. (cancercare.org)
  • an organization providing support to siblings of children with cancer. (cancercare.org)
  • The 13 siblings ranged from 2 to 29 years old -- but the seven adults were so emaciated that they looked like children. (abcactionnews.com)
  • I want the court to know that our parents loved each other and loved each of their children,' a sibling who was 21 at the time said in a statement read by one of their attorneys. (eonline.com)
  • This is about Camp Wigwam's Camp to Belong Maine, which next week will open its arms to a distinctly different group of children: Maine foster kids who have been separated from their siblings and, if only for six blissful days in mid-August, get to remember what real family feels like. (pressherald.com)
  • The Alfred University Sibling Grant is open for families that have two or more children attending Alfred University concurrently enrolled on a full-time basis. (petersons.com)
  • Over Zoom, siblings meet other children and teens who know what it's like to have a brother or sister with behavioral challenges. (autismspeaks.org)
  • More than a third of children in foster care in Australia are separated from all their siblings when they move into child protection, an alarming new report has revealed. (theage.com.au)
  • Children taken into care are often separated from their siblings. (theage.com.au)
  • The study - based on interviews with 1160 children across the country living in state, kinship and foster care - shows that most lose touch with at least one sibling. (theage.com.au)
  • The Create Foundation, a body that provides rare insight into the feelings of children in out-of-home care, set out to examine how many children were being placed in homes without their siblings. (theage.com.au)
  • The remaining children were separated from all siblings. (theage.com.au)
  • The children surveyed wanted most of all to keep connections with siblings, saying that was even more important than contact with parents. (theage.com.au)
  • Siblings had the best chance of staying together when family members - usually grandparents - took in children under kinship care arrangements, according to the report. (theage.com.au)
  • Children sent to residential care - as Russ was - were most likely to be separated from all their siblings. (theage.com.au)
  • The good news is we found having a mentally disabled sibling did not seem to have an effect on whether the person got married or had children. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Siblings are often what we call the ultimate sandwich generation, where they're often juggling the caregiving of their aging parents, their own children, and then they have the extra layer of their brother or sister with a disability," said Arnold. (kjrh.com)
  • With the magnitude of demands placed on special needs families, siblings of special needs children can often feel overlooked and in need of emotional support. (goodtherapy.org)
  • There are also many benefits and unique experiences for siblings of special needs children, however. (goodtherapy.org)
  • Now, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have found that having older siblings can lead to better behavior and stronger development in young children. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • However, a positive takeaway from this study was that children who had older siblings were more likely to have better behavioral and developmental outcomes regardless of their mothers' stress levels. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • We hope that our findings will draw attention to the importance of public health policies that directly target children and their siblings, and promote a healthy environment for their well-being and the development of high-quality sibling relationships. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • Their strategies show that children subject to latent sibling violence should be understood not as passive victims, but as actively strategizing to cope with situations that many cannot escape due to their age and lack of parental understanding. (lu.se)
  • It started by happenstance: Jennie Hinkley, a former foster child in Farmington, tuned into "The Oprah Winfrey Show" one day back in 2001 to see Lynn Price, who grew up in Chicago's foster care system, receiving an award for founding the first Camp To Belong for separated siblings in Colorado. (pressherald.com)
  • While we make every effort to place siblings who enter foster care together, it is not always possible," said Therese Cahill-Low, director of the Office of Child and Family Services, in an email last week. (pressherald.com)
  • Assessing morbidity by questioning siblings / Sérgio de Andrade Nishioka. (who.int)
  • In Europe, the holiday was launched in 2014 by the European Large Families Confederation (ELFAC) to celebrate siblings' bonds and relationships on May 31st. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second-eldest sibling Joshua Turpin , then 27, who said he was living in an apartment and studying to become a software engineer, said in court, 'I cannot describe in words what we went through growing up. (eonline.com)
  • According to Daily Mail , the 63-year-old Olguin was recently charged with seven counts of "lewd and lascivious acts on a child" for allegedly molesting two of the Turpin sisters, as well as six counts of torture against all five of the siblings. (radaronline.com)
  • The 13 siblings were reportedly chained up, beaten, and tortured until Jordan Turpin was able to escape and call 911, leading to their miraculous rescue. (radaronline.com)
  • Here are some ways to help parents manage the "green-eyed monster" overshadowing sibling relationships in their households. (bellaonline.com)
  • Anyone with a brother or sister can tell you that relationships between siblings can get pretty complicated. (knopfdoubleday.com)
  • I've seen sibling relationships ruined over the distribution of effects," says Victoria Bedford, PhD, a professor of psychology at the University of Indianapolis. (oprah.com)
  • Have a thought to share about siblings and other family relationship issues? (bellaonline.com)
  • A child with cancer can change family dynamics and these changes are often difficult for siblings. (cancercare.org)
  • Whether you want to celebrate your siblings or engage in mortal combat with them, this is your day to break out the family albums and sharpen your hatchet. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • Returning participants join a different Zoom session, led by the program social worker, to address ongoing family challenges that impact siblings. (autismspeaks.org)
  • Often one sibling-usually the child living closest to the parents-ends up bearing the brunt of the responsibilities, says Laurie Kramer, PhD, director of the Family Resiliency Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. (oprah.com)
  • This research is part of a broader study concerning siblings and the family network. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the concept has been applied to family and intimate partner violence, it is also useful to describe sibling violence. (lu.se)
  • Siblings Day is a holiday recognized annually in parts of the United States and Canada on April 10, and as Brothers and Sisters Day on May 31 in Europe which honours the relationship of brothers and sisters of all ages. (wikipedia.org)
  • In popular culture, where there has been a renewed interest in sibling stories, supportive siblings like Anna and Elsa in Disney's Frozen (perhaps the great-grand daughters of The Brothers Grimm's Snow White and Rose Red or Hansel and Gretel) seem thinner on the ground (or in the woods) than the good/bad sisters of many recent psychological thrillers. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • Our mission is to provide information, support and tools for siblings of people with disabilities so that they can advocate with their brothers and sisters with disabilities for issues that are important to them and their entire families," said Katie Arnold, executive director of the Sibling Leadership Network. (kjrh.com)
  • Many kids are lucky enough to become the best of friends with their siblings, but it's common for brothers and sisters to fight. (kidshealth.org)
  • From the wonder twins to the sisters summers, we look at some of the most important siblings on science fiction. (syfy.com)
  • Sometimes siblings need to share their feelings with grown-ups who aren't their parents. (sesameworkshop.org)
  • Jack's experience of turning 5 in a suburban home to older, successful parents will be quite different from his sister Jill's experience of reaching the same age in a high-rise apartment where both parents were out at work all day and she was brought up by a much-loved grandmother with no other siblings around. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • Instead, the siblings offer competing narratives as to what happened to those parents, and a radically different approach to 'moving on' (or not). (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • One photo, taken at the parents' wedding vow renewal in Las Vegas, showed a dozen beaming siblings and a baby, with all the boys wearing identical suits and the girls in matching dresses. (abcactionnews.com)
  • Out there' was beyond the confines of her family's home in Perris, a city of roughly 79,000 in Southern California's Inland Empire, where Jordan and her 12 siblings were imprisoned by their own parents, some of them chained to their beds and all starved and physically abused, as well as denied age-appropriate education, regular bathing, medical treatment and basically every other form of inherent liberty. (eonline.com)
  • But try telling that to siblings who feel entitled to their parents' assets , especially if they failed to plan for their own retirements. (findlaw.com)
  • But when parents die, these siblings often become the primary caregivers. (kjrh.com)
  • All surviving parents and surviving siblings grieving the loss of a loved one who served in the Armed Forces are warmly invited to join TAPS for our Alaska Parents and Siblings Retreat. (taps.org)
  • In many families where such challenges are present, it's inevitable that the added stress impacts not only parents and the child in question, but also typically developing siblings. (goodtherapy.org)
  • parentification in caretaking role of sibling, should parents not have adequate support/resources or emotional attunement to the sibling. (goodtherapy.org)
  • Similarly, a child who is especially clingy and drawn to parents for comfort and love might be resented by siblings who see this and want the same amount of attention. (kidshealth.org)
  • These sibling social dynamics may also help improve kids' emotional development and problem-solving skills. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • But adherence to the date and spirit of May 31 or April 10th, the original date established for the Siblings Day, is open to any other European or non-European country. (wikipedia.org)
  • My fictional orphans are both branded by their loss, so I was interested to find that fairly high on a random Google search for siblings is something called the sibling tattoo. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • It would be useful to also be able to search for "sibling" items, meaning that after moving up to a parent item we go down again (in a different branch) to child items. (lu.se)
  • Since the first campers arrived nine years ago this month, Camp To Belong Maine has hosted more than 350 foster siblings between the ages of 8 and 18 - all with the full blessing and $500-per-child financial support of the Maine Department of Health and Human Services. (pressherald.com)
  • All caregivers are eligible if the affected child has siblings of any age. (autismspeaks.org)
  • I would like to style the child element of a sibling. (css-tricks.com)
  • creativity and resourcefulness: Siblings often must creatively problem solve strategies to help special needs families work around the special needs child (i.e. researching wheelchair friendly restaurants, creating a music CD for a blind sibling, etc. (goodtherapy.org)
  • Overall, our results confirm the negative effects that maternal stress during pregnancy may have on the offspring, and suggest an important main effect of older siblings in promoting a positive child development. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • We were especially impressed by the important role that siblings appear to play for a healthy child development," said researcher Anja Widdig. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • You can also show your child how you play with the other sibling . (kidsturncentral.com)
  • If so, caregivers and siblings are invited to join us! (autismspeaks.org)
  • 3. Can caregivers attend even if siblings do not attend? (autismspeaks.org)
  • For volunteers like Nora, addressing the needs of siblings as they transition to caregivers is something she wished she had had access to. (kjrh.com)
  • If you grew up with siblings, you can probably relate to the irritation of being forced to match your outfits, especially on special occasions. (popsugar.com)
  • The scene where Aditi tries to bond with her brother and he tells her that she has forgotten him, is a scene that every sibling will relate to! (indiatimes.com)
  • These findings suggest siblings of those with low IQs tend to live closer to their families," said Taylor, who is now an assistant professor of pediatrics at Vanderbilt University. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Most siblings grow closer with age, studies show, but certain life stresses are notorious for destroying even the strongest brotherly, or sisterly, love. (oprah.com)
  • And although we love our Mother, we have accepted it and have gotten a lot closer as siblings. (drlaura.com)
  • And maybe those stories about errant siblings have a particular resonance during periods of perceived societal rift, that evil twin an unpredictable manifestation of our own dark side. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • People who have a sibling with a mental illness are more likely to suffer episodes of depression at some point in their lives, say researchers who analyzed four decades of data. (sciencedaily.com)
  • University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers identified 351 people from a 46-year longitudinal study who had at least one sibling with a mental disability. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers also looked at results from a comparison group of 791 people who did not have a mentally disabled sibling. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers found people who had siblings with mental illnesses were 63 percent more likely to report having a depressive episode during their lifetime. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the 1980s, leading psychologist Robert Plomin considered the similarities between siblings on three different criteria: physical characteristics, intelligence and temperament. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • One group is connecting experienced volunteers and mentors with people who are beginning to shoulder the responsibility of caring for a sibling with special needs. (kjrh.com)
  • We describe adult siblings with biallelic PNPT1 variants identified through WES who presented with isolated severe congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). (bvsalud.org)
  • Siblings are eligible if they are 6 - 18 years old and do not have significant behavioral issues of their own. (autismspeaks.org)
  • They also took into account social and environmental factors that could affect stress levels and the role that siblings played on children's developmental and behavioral outcomes. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • Nicole and Jordan Haddad - sibling owners of local apparel line Lobo Mau - chat sustainability, growth, and running a store during a pandemic. (phillymag.com)
  • On working with your sibling: (Jordan) "I was in the corporate world but helping Nicole grow. (phillymag.com)
  • The key is not to expect that siblings will just "get over" these feelings with time. (cancercare.org)
  • It's okay for siblings to have strong feelings about each other. (sesameworkshop.org)
  • Check out SuperSibs , an organization designed specifically to give support to siblings of cancer patients. (cancercare.org)
  • They learn about the sibling experience, the importance of supporting siblings, and strategies to support siblings. (autismspeaks.org)
  • Through its volunteer program, the Sibling Leadership Network has developed a sibling-to-sibling mentoring program to provide peer-to-peer support. (kjrh.com)
  • It would make sense that special needs siblings might be at higher risk for depression and anxiety if they do not have support and resources available. (goodtherapy.org)
  • Since its establishment in 1995, the Siblings Day Foundation, a nonprofit volunteer organization, has received formal recognition from three American presidents. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have a volunteer that's an expert on a topic to kick off the symposium, and then the siblings are able to really engage in that topic, talk, share, ask questions," said Arnold. (kjrh.com)
  • What all three Jennings siblings have in common is their unconditional love for Jazz. (thelist.com)
  • The siblings love to come down and indulge in all our Indian ' fast food. (bellaonline.com)
  • Sibling Love! (fanpop.com)
  • And Marty was number two out of eight and he was never diagnosed," said Handler who has since become a sibling caregiving advocate and mentor. (kjrh.com)
  • That experience pushed Nora to become a founding member of the Sibling Leadership Network - a national nonprofit that assists people who have a brother or sister with a disability. (kjrh.com)
  • Claudia Evart, a native New Yorker and resident of NYC, founded the Siblings Day Foundation (SDF) as a tax-exempt organization. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the United States, a non-profit organization the Siblings Day Foundation has been working towards official recognition of the day. (wikipedia.org)
  • These days, however, the hostile sibling is rarely a wicked stepsister, a cuckoo in the nest. (femalefirst.co.uk)
  • She says it's about educating caregiving siblings before they find themselves in crisis. (kjrh.com)
  • They have to guide their blindfolded sibling to find each item. (kidsturncentral.com)
  • We could use the "sibling" filter to find library items with a given filter on RNAQC item. (lu.se)
  • Our study suggests environmental and social factors also play a role in why these siblings may be at a greater risk for poor mental health," said Taylor. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The team explained that interactions with older siblings can give kids important social tools. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • Timothée Chalamet and his sister, Pauline Chalamet, are super-talented siblings! (popsugar.com)
  • Additionally, they found people with a sibling with low IQ are more likely to live near that brother or sister - but be somewhat emotionally detached from that sibling. (sciencedaily.com)
  • I call us sister mothers because our roles change, we're not the same kind of siblings that typical siblings are," said Handler. (kjrh.com)
  • Only for kids who have siblings with special needs, this camp also helps kids discover skills, character traits and courage they didn't know they had. (constantcontact.com)
  • Before the mercury exposure was disclosed, the siblings were except for mild tricuspid insufficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • We report 1 confirmed and 2 suspected cases of C. violaceum septicemia, with 2 fatalities, in siblings after recreational exposure in northeastern Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • We report 1 confirmed and 2 suspected cases of systemic C. violaceum infection in siblings who shared recreational exposure to stagnant water. (cdc.gov)
  • However, they were significantly less likely to have contact with the disabled sibling, reporting an average of 13 fewer contacts a year with their disabled sibling than the comparison group. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We have put in our inquiry on a sibling group of g. (adoption.com)
  • Sometimes I still have nightmares of things that have happened, such as my siblings being chained up or being beaten. (eonline.com)
  • Send emails or cards to siblings to let them know you are thinking of them. (cancercare.org)
  • Open to any sibling age 14 and older interested in some serious fun developing leadership and team building skills. (constantcontact.com)
  • Two siblings aged 5 and 15 years from Connecticut were dehydrogenase, and pro-brain natriuretic peptide, an indicator hospitalized with petechial rash, oral mucositis, and severe of poor cardiac function (Table). (cdc.gov)
  • Read about movies which put common sibling interaction in focus and then take the quiz! (bellaonline.com)
  • For example, RNAQC items are siblings to Library items and RNA is the common parent item. (lu.se)
  • Report author Dr Joseph McDowall said the study showed the need to keep vulnerable siblings together, or at least in regular contact. (theage.com.au)
  • A follow-up study called SIBSIGHT discovered that siblings benefit, too. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It found that siblings were all able to live together in only 29 per cent of cases. (theage.com.au)
  • A promising intervention program that was found to promote healthy growth in firstborn babies appears to also benefit their siblings. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After his brother is medically tapped, a South African sibling seeks redemption in Zambia, paired with an endurance athlete from Louisiana. (discovery.com)