AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Shigella flexneriShigellaDysentery, BacillaryShigella sonneiShigella dysenteriaeShigella boydiiShigella VaccinesKeratoconjunctivitisO AntigensBacterial ProteinsVirulenceCongo RedAntigens, BacterialPlasmidsGenes, BacterialEscherichia coliVirulence FactorsSerotypingHeLa CellsBacterial VaccinesDNA, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMolecular Sequence DataBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsRhamnoseDiarrheaFecesDysenteryPlesiomonasLipopolysaccharidesAntibodies, BacterialSuccinic AnhydridesSalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumPubMedPeriodicals as TopicBooksPublishingAcanthamoebaContainment of BiohazardsCommunicable DiseasesAcetylesteraseTriacetinEsterasesTrioleinbeta-GalactosidaseSequence Analysis, DNAReduced Folate Carrier ProteinBacteriologyBRCA1 ProteinBRCA2 ProteinRecombination, GeneticCellular Apoptosis Susceptibility ProteinBloom SyndromeRad51 Recombinase
Shigella flexneri: A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.Shigella: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).Dysentery, Bacillary: DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).Shigella sonnei: A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.Shigella dysenteriae: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium.Shigella boydii: One of the SHIGELLA species that produces bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).Shigella Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA.Keratoconjunctivitis: Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.O Antigens: The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Virulence Factors: Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Bacterial Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins: Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.Rhamnose: A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.Diarrhea: An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Dysentery: Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.Plesiomonas: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in fish and other aquatic animals and in a variety of mammals, including man. Its organisms probably do not belong to the normal intestinal flora of man and can cause diarrhea.Lipopolysaccharides: Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Succinic Anhydrides: A subclass of anhydrides with the general structure of dihydrofurandione. They can be substituted on any carbon atom. They modify and inhibit proteins and enzymes and are used in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups.Salmonella: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.Salmonella typhimurium: A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.Acanthamoeba: A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.Containment of Biohazards: Provision of physical and biological barriers to the dissemination of potentially hazardous biologically active agents (bacteria, viruses, recombinant DNA, etc.). Physical containment involves the use of special equipment, facilities, and procedures to prevent the escape of the agent. Biological containment includes use of immune personnel and the selection of agents and hosts that will minimize the risk should the agent escape the containment facility.Communicable DiseasesAcetylesterase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1.1.6.Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.EsterasesTriolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.beta-Galactosidase: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Reduced Folate Carrier Protein: A ubiquitously expressed folic acid transporter that functions via an antiporter mechanism which is coupled to the transport of organic phosphates.Bacteriology: The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.BRCA1 Protein: The phosphoprotein encoded by the BRCA1 gene (GENE, BRCA1). In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (Science 1995;270(5237):713,789-91)BRCA2 Protein: A large, nuclear protein, encoded by the BRCA2 gene (GENE, BRCA2). Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA2 protein is an essential component of DNA repair pathways, suppressing the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. (from Genes Dev. 2000;14(11):1400-6)Recombination, Genetic: Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein: A nucleocytoplasmic transport protein that binds to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS and RAN GTP BINDING PROTEIN inside the CELL NUCLEUS and participates in their export into CYTOPLASM. It is also associated with the regulation of APOPTOSIS and microtubule assembly.Bloom Syndrome: An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectatic ERYTHEMA of the face, photosensitivity, DWARFISM and other abnormalities, and a predisposition toward developing cancer. The Bloom syndrome gene (BLM) encodes a RecQ-like DNA helicase.Rad51 Recombinase: A Rec A recombinase found in eukaryotes. Rad51 is involved in DNA REPAIR of double-strand breaks.

The virulence plasmid-encoded impCAB operon enhances survival and induced mutagenesis in Shigella flexneri after exposure to UV radiation. (1/922)

Upon exposure to UV radiation, Shigella flexneri SA100 displayed survival and mutation frequencies comparable to those of Escherichia coli AB1157, which contains a functional UmuDC error-prone DNA repair system. Survival of SA100 after UV irradiation was associated with the presence of the 220-kb virulence plasmid, pVP. This plasmid encodes homologues of ImpA and ImpB, which comprise an error-prone DNA repair system encoded on plasmid TP110 that was initially identified in Salmonella typhimurium, and ImpC, encoded upstream of ImpA and ImpB. Although the impB gene was present in representatives of all four species of Shigella, not all isolates tested contained the gene. Shigella isolates that lacked impB were more sensitive to UV radiation than isolates that contained impB. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.4-kb DNA fragment containing the imp operon from S. flexneri SA100 pVP was 96% identical to the imp operon from the plasmid TP110. An SA100 derivative with a mutation in the impB gene had reduced survival following UV irradiation and less UV-induced mutagenesis relative to the parental strain. We also found that S. flexneri contained a chromosomally encoded umuDC operon; however, the umuDC promoter was not induced by exposure to UV radiation. This suggests that the imp operon but not the umuDC operon contributes to survival and induced mutagenesis in S. flexneri following exposure to UV radiation.  (+info)

Interleukin-8 controls bacterial transepithelial translocation at the cost of epithelial destruction in experimental shigellosis. (2/922)

In shigellosis, the network of cellular interactions mediated by a balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines is clearly tipped toward acute destructive inflammation of intestinal tissues by the bacterial invader. This work has addressed the role played by interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a rabbit model of intestinal invasion by Shigella flexneri. IL-8, which is largely produced by the epithelial cells themselves, appears to be a major mediator of the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the subepithelial area and transmigration of these cells through the epithelial lining. Neutralization of IL-8 function by monoclonal antibody WS-4 caused a decrease in the amount of PMNs streaming through the lamina propria and the epithelium, thus significantly attenuating the severity of epithelial lesions in areas of bacterial invasion. These findings are in agreement with our previous work (31). In contrast to the PMNs, the bacteria displayed increased transepithelial translocation, as well as overgrowth in the lamina propria and increased passage into the mesenteric blood. By mediating eradication of bacteria at their epithelial entry site, although at the cost of severe epithelial destruction, IL-8 therefore appears to be a key chemokine in the control of bacterial translocation.  (+info)

The mxi-Spa type III secretory pathway of Shigella flexneri requires an outer membrane lipoprotein, MxiM, for invasin translocation. (3/922)

Invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri is mediated by a set of translocated bacterial invasins, the Ipa proteins, and its dedicated type III secretion system, called Mxi-Spa. We show here that mxiM, part of the mxi-spa locus in the S. flexneri virulence plasmid, encodes an indispensable type III secretion apparatus component, required for both Ipa translocation and tissue culture cell invasion. We demonstrated that mature MxiM, first identified as a putative lipoprotein, is lipidated in vivo. Consistent with features of known lipoproteins, MxiM (i) can be labeled with [3H]palmitate and [2-3H]glycerol, (ii) is associated with the cell envelope, (iii) is secreted independently of the type III pathway, and (iv) requires an intact lipoprotein modification and processing site for full activity. The lipidated form of MxiM was detected primarily in the outer membrane, where it establishes a peripheral association with the inner leaflet. Through analysis of subcellular Ipa distribution in a mxiM null mutant background, MxiM was found to be required for the assembly and/or function of outer, but not inner, membrane regions of Mxi-Spa. This function probably requires interactions with other Mxi-Spa subunits within the periplasmic space. We discuss implications of these findings with respect to the function of MxiM and the structure of Mxi-Spa as a whole.  (+info)

Adaptive immune response to Shigella flexneri 2a cydC in immunocompetent mice and mice lacking immunoglobulin A. (4/922)

Shigella flexneri cydC, which is deficient in cytochrome bd, was rapidly cleared from the lungs of intranasally inoculated mice and was Sereny negative, yet it induced 93% protection against challenge with wild-type S. flexneri. Mice that lack immunoglobulin A (IgA) were fully protected, suggesting that IgA may not be required for adaptive immunity in this model system.  (+info)

Rupture of the intestinal epithelial barrier and mucosal invasion by Shigella flexneri. (5/922)

Invasion of the intestinal barrier by Shigella flexneri involves complex interactions with epithelial and phagocytic cells. Major perturbation of the signals that maintain epithelial integrity permits mucosal invasion, leading to tissue destruction. Expression of this invasive phenotype depends on the secretion of Ipa proteins (invasins), which can trigger entry of the pathogen into epithelial cells by causing massive rearrangement of the host cell cytoskeleton and cause macrophage apoptotic death by direct interaction of IpaB with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-converting enzyme. This results in the killing of defense cells and in the release of IL-1beta. In vivo, bacteria translocate through the epithelial barrier, essentially via M cells of the follicle-associated epithelium in the colonic and rectal mucosa. Apoptotic death of macrophages in subepithelial tissues allows bacterial survival and triggers inflammation, which destabilizes epithelial structures and facilitates further bacterial entry. Once they are intracellular, bacteria multiply within the cytoplasm and move from cell to cell by an actin-dependent process.  (+info)

Enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella: masters of host cell cytoskeletal exploitation. (6/922)

Bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to exploit their host's cellular processes so that they can survive and persist. Often, a bacterium must adhere very tightly to the cells and mediate its effects extracellularly, or it must find a way to invade the host's cells and survive intracellularly. In either case, the pathogen hijacks the host's cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton provides a flexible framework for the cell and is involved in mediating numerous cellular functions, from cell shape and structure to programmed cell death. Altering the host cytoskeleton is crucial for mediating pathogen adherence, invasion, and intracellular locomotion. We highlight recent advances in the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri. Each illustrates how bacterial pathogens can exert dramatic effects on the host cytoskeleton.  (+info)

Safety and immunogenicity of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2a O-specific polysaccharide conjugates in children. (7/922)

O-specific polysaccharide conjugates of shigellae were safe and immunogenic in young adults, and a Shigella sonnei conjugate conferred protection [1-3]. Shigellosis is primarily a disease of children; therefore, the safety and immunogenicity of S. sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2a conjugates were studied in 4- to 7-year-old children. Local and systemic reactions were minimal. The first injection of both conjugates elicited significant rises in geometric mean levels of serum IgG only to the homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (S. sonnei, 0.32-8.25 ELISA units [EU]; S. flexneri 2a, 1.15-20.5 EU; P<.0001). Revaccination at 6 weeks induced a booster response to S. flexneri 2a LPS (20.5-30.5 EU, P=.003). Six months later, the geometric mean levels of IgG anti-LPS for both groups were higher than the prevaccination levels (P<.0001). Similar, but lesser, rises were observed for IgM and IgA anti-LPS. The investigational Shigella conjugates were safe and immunogenic in children and merit evaluation of their efficacy.  (+info)

A comparative study of the actin-based motilities of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri and Rickettsia conorii. (8/922)

Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and Rickettsia conorii are three bacterial pathogens that are able to polymerize actin into 'comet tail' structures and move within the cytosol of infected cells. The actin-based motilities of L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri are known to require the bacterial proteins ActA and IcsA, respectively, and several mammalian cytoskeleton proteins including the Arp2/3 complex and VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) for L. monocytogenes and vinculin and N-WASP (the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) for S. flexneri. In contrast, little is known about the motility of R. conorii. In the present study, we have analysed the actin-based motility of this bacterium in comparison to that of L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri. Rickettsia moved at least three times more slowly than Listeria and Shigella in both infected cells and Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Decoration of actin with the S1 subfragment of myosin in infected cells showed that the comet tails of Rickettsia have a structure strikingly different from those of L. monocytogenes or S. flexneri. In Listeria and Shigella tails, actin filaments form a branching network while Rickettsia tails display longer and not cross-linked actin filaments. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that the two host proteins, VASP and (&agr;)-actinin colocalized with actin in the tails of Rickettsia but neither the Arp2/3 complex which we detected in the Shigella actin tails, nor N-WASP, were detected in Rickettsia actin tails. Taken together, these results suggest that R. conorii may use a different mechanism of actin polymerization.  (+info)

The purification of the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid :: CCSU Theses & DissertationsThe purification of the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid :: CCSU Theses & Dissertations
The intent of this research project was to purify the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid without the use of ultra-centrifugation. The ultra-centrifugation is the most commonly used technique; however the PFGE has proven to isolate the plasmid with the similar efficiency without decreasing quality of the DNA sample. Once the plasmid was purified, the construction of a library of the plasmid was started. A library of this particular bacterial plasmid will help greatly in identifying the genes responsible for the maintenance of this plasmid. This particular plasmid is of great interest because it is primarily responsible for the pathogenic characteristics of the bacteria. The S. flexneri virulence plasmid is a highly stable single copy plasmid that is approximately 230kb in size. The stability of the plasmid is essential for the bacterias ability to cause disease. The identification of the stability genes encoded in the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid would greatly increase our ability to ...
The purification of the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid :: CCSU Theses & DissertationsThe purification of the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid :: CCSU Theses & Dissertations
The intent of this research project was to purify the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid without the use of ultra-centrifugation. The ultra-centrifugation is the most commonly used technique; however the PFGE has proven to isolate the plasmid with the similar efficiency without decreasing quality of the DNA sample. Once the plasmid was purified, the construction of a library of the plasmid was started. A library of this particular bacterial plasmid will help greatly in identifying the genes responsible for the maintenance of this plasmid. This particular plasmid is of great interest because it is primarily responsible for the pathogenic characteristics of the bacteria. The S. flexneri virulence plasmid is a highly stable single copy plasmid that is approximately 230kb in size. The stability of the plasmid is essential for the bacterias ability to cause disease. The identification of the stability genes encoded in the Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid would greatly increase our ability to ...
Permalien vers Characterisation of early mucosal and neuronal lesions following Shigella flexneri infection in human colonPermalien vers Characterisation of early mucosal and neuronal lesions following Shigella flexneri infection in human colon
Lien vers Pubmed [PMID] - 19274103. PLoS ONE 2009;4(3):e4713. BACKGROUND: Shigella, an enteroinvasive bacteria induces a major inflammatory response responsible for acute rectocolitis in humans. However, early effect of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) infection upon the human mucosa and its microenvironement, in particular the enteric nervous system, remains currently unknown. Therefore, in this study, we sought to characterize ex vivo the early events of shigellosis in a model of human colonic explants. In particular, we aimed at identifying factors produced by S. flexneri and responsible for the lesions of the barrier. We also aimed at determining the putative lesions of the enteric nervous system induced by S. flexneri.. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We first showed that, following 3 h of infection, the invasive but not the non-invasive strain of S. flexneri induced significant desquamation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and a reduction of epithelial height. These changes were ...
Soluble invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC) from Shigella flexneri elicits epithelial cell responses related to pathogen invasion...Soluble invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC) from Shigella flexneri elicits epithelial cell responses related to pathogen invasion...
Shigella flexneri invades colonic epithelial cells by pathogen-induced phagocytosis. The three proposed effectors of S. flexneri internalization are invasion plasmid antigens B (IpaB), IpaC, and IpaD, which are encoded on the pathogens 230-kb virulence plasmid and translocated to the extracellular milieu via the Mxi-Spa translocon. To date, there are no definitive functional data for any purified Ipa protein. Here, we describe the first characterization of highly purified recombinant IpaC, which elicits numerous epithelial cell responses related to events that take place during pathogen invasion. 125I-labeled IpaC binds cultured Henle 407 intestinal cells with an apparent dissociation constant in the low micromolar range. Moreover, incubation of epithelial cells with IpaC results in general changes in cellular phosphoprotein content, demonstrating this proteins ability to influence cellular protein kinase activities. These results contrast dramatically with those seen for recombinant IpaD, ...
Analysis of the Tip Complex of the Type Iii Secretion Apparatus of Shigella Flexneri :: DissertationsAnalysis of the Tip Complex of the Type Iii Secretion Apparatus of Shigella Flexneri :: Dissertations
Shigella flexneri is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a significant cause of bacillary dysentery. Shigella uses its type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into human intestinal cells to alter their functions to promote pathogen entry. The type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) consists of a basal body, an extracellular needle, and a tip complex. As a part of the tip complex, invasion plasmid antigen D (IpaD) controls secretion by acting as an environmental sensor for triggering recruitment of the first "translocator" protein, IpaB, to the bacterial surface. This work extends this knowledge to show that subsequent contact with the host cell triggers T3SS induction and the formation of an IpaB/IpaC translocon pore within the membrane of the host cell. While IpaB is recruited to the TTSA needle tip IpaD senses bile salt in the Shigella environment, IpaC remains within the bacterial cytoplasm. Upon adding liposomes containing cholesterol and sphingolipids, IpaC is recruited to ...
Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri strain SP1, a diarrheal isolate that encodes an extended-spectrum β-lactamase ESBL - pdf...Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri strain SP1, a diarrheal isolate that encodes an extended-spectrum β-lactamase ESBL - pdf...
Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri strain SP1, a diarrheal isolate that encodes an extended-spectrum β-lactamase ESBL. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Caracterización molecular de mecanismos de resistencia a cloranfenicol en cepas de Shigella flexneri aisladas en niños chilenos...Caracterización molecular de mecanismos de resistencia a cloranfenicol en cepas de Shigella flexneri aisladas en niños chilenos...
FARFAN U, Mauricio et al. Molecular characterization of resistance mechanisms to chloramphenicol in Shigella flexneri strains isolated from Chilean children with acute diarrhea. Rev. méd. Chile [online]. 2002, vol.130, n.3, pp.275-280. ISSN 0034-9887. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872002000300005.. Background: Chloramphenicol is one of the therapeutic options for shigellosis, but resistance to this antimicrobial is increasing. Aim: To characterize molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to chloramphenicol (CmR) in Shigella flexneri strains isolated from Chilean children with acute diarrhea. Material and methods: Thirty one Shigella filexneri strains, including 22 with the CmR phenotype were analyzed. Strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by plate dilution and for the presence of an internal fragment of the cat gene encoding for chloramphenicol o-acetyl-transferase, by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Results: All CmR strains had a minimal inhibitory ...
Shigella flexneri Archives | Online Microbiology NotesShigella flexneri Archives | Online Microbiology Notes
Biochemical Test of Shigella flexneri -Basic Characteristics Properties (Shigella flexneri) Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Indole Variable Motility Non-Motile MR (Methyl Red) Positive (+ve) Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) Oxidase Negative (-ve) Pigment Negative (-ve) Shape … Read more Biochemical Test of Shigella flexneri. ...
Exploring the role of iscSUA and suf operon in Shigella flexneri invas by Benjamin R. Lloyd"Exploring the role of iscSUA and suf operon in Shigella flexneri invas" by Benjamin R. Lloyd
Shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of causing dysentery, a condition that afflicts many around the world, especially in developing countries. There are several aspects of Shigella pathogenesis that are not well understood, including a number of genetic and cellular changes that allow Shigella to adapt to stresses encountered while invading and replicating within the eukaryotic cytosol. It was the goal of this research to examine the roles of iscSUA and suf, gene systems predicted to encode for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis proteins, in Shigella surviving exposure to oxidative stress agents and during Shigella invasion and plaque formation in a human colon cell line. An S. flexneri strain containing a deletion mutation in the iscSUA genes (UR022) was created and an earlier constructed S. flexneri strain containing a deletion mutation in the entire suf operon (UR011) was verified. Both mutant strains were less resistant to hydrogen
Genesis of a novel Shigella flexneri serotype by sequential infection of serotype-converting bacteriophages SfX and SfI | BMC...Genesis of a novel Shigella flexneri serotype by sequential infection of serotype-converting bacteriophages SfX and SfI | BMC...
Shigella flexneri is the major pathogen causing bacillary dysentery. Fifteen serotypes have been recognized up to now. The genesis of new S. flexneri serotypes is commonly mediated by serotype-converting bacteriophages. Untypeable or novel serotypes from natural infections had been reported worldwide but have not been generated in laboratory. A new S. flexneri serotype-serotype 1 d was generated when a S. flexneri serotype Y strain (native LPS) was sequentially infected with 2 serotype-converting bacteriophages, SfX first and then SfI. The new serotype 1 d strain agglutinated with both serotype X-specific anti-7;8 grouping serum and serotype 1a-specific anti- I typing serum, and differed from subserotypes 1a, 1b and 1c. Twenty four S. flexneri clinical isolates of serotype X were all converted to serotype 1 d by infection with phage SfI. PCR and sequencing revealed that SfI and SfX were integrated in tandem into the proA-yaiC region of the host chromosome. These findings suggest a new S. flexneri
Invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin by a pp60c-src-mediated...Invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin by a pp60c-src-mediated...
Shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery in humans by invading epithelial cells of the colon. Cell invasion occurs via bacterium-directed phagocytosis, a
Efficacy of solar disinfection of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae<...Efficacy of solar disinfection of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Efficacy of solar disinfection of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae. AU - Berney, M.. AU - Weilenmann, H. U.. AU - Simonetti, A.. AU - Egli, T.. PY - 2006/10/1. Y1 - 2006/10/1. N2 - Aims: To determine the efficacy of solar disinfection (SODIS) for enteric pathogens and to test applicability of the reciprocity law. Methods and Results: Resistance to sunlight at 37°C based on F99 values was in the following order: Salmonella Typhimurium , Escherichia coli , Shigella flexneri , Vibrio cholerae. While F90 values of Salm. Typhimurium and E. coli were similar, F99 values differed by 60% due to different inactivation curve shapes. Efficacy seemed not to be dependent on fluence rate for E. coli stationary cells. Sensitivity to mild heat was observed above a temperature of 45°C for E. coli, Salm. Typhimurium and Sh. flexneri, while V. cholerae was already susceptible above 40°C. Conclusions: Salmonella Typhimurium was the most resistant and ...
Design of a Transcription-based Secretion Activity Reporter (TSAR) for the Type III Secretion Apparatus of Shigella flexneri...Design of a Transcription-based Secretion Activity Reporter (TSAR) for the Type III Secretion Apparatus of Shigella flexneri...
Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, are able to translocate bacterial proteins, dubbed effectors, across the host cell plasma membrane into the host cell cytosol using a syringe-like structure, the type three secretion apparatus (T3SA). While some bacteria use their T3SA to modulate their phagosomal environment (Salmonella spp.), establish pedestal structure to form microcolonies on the plasma membrane (Enteropathogenic Escherichi coli) or lyse their entry vacuole (Shigella spp.), they all have in common a tightly regulated activity of their T3SA. However, the tracking of the activity of the T3SA in infected cells and tissue has been difficult to perform. Using the property of MxiE-dependent promoters that are upregulated when the T3SA is active, we have recently designed a transcription-based secretion activity reporter (TSAR) that allows the following of the activity of the S. flexneri T3SA in real-time in tissue culture cells and in vivo using fast maturing GFP
Shigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. - PubMed - NCBIShigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Shigella flexneri Sequencing ProjectShigella flexneri Sequencing Project
Shigella species are commonly pathogenic to humans, causing severe gastroenteritis (bacillary dysentery). In healthy adults, dysentery is a self-limiting disease, but it can be fatal to infants and young children, causing over 1 million deaths a year. We have completed the genome sequence of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457T, which has been the subject of extensive molecular pathogenesis and genetics research. The 2457T genome was compared with other Enterobacterial pathogens, including another recently sequenced S. flexneri 2a strain, 301.. Whole-genome shotgun libraries of strain 2457T were constructed in M13Janus (insert size ~2.0 kbp) and pBlueScript KS- (insert size ~5 kbp). Clones were sequenced using dye terminator chemistry, collecting 66,219 reads on ABI377 and 3700 instruments (final coverage 7.2X). A whole-genome optical map of XhoI sites was prepared to aid the ordering of contigs during assembly and to confirm the endpoints and lengths of inversions in the strain ...
Characterization of Shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, FimA sequence, and phase variation. | Infection and ImmunityCharacterization of Shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, FimA sequence, and phase variation. | Infection and Immunity
This study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on Shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the Shigella surface. While laboratory-passaged Shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 Shigella flexneri strains, 1 Shigella boydii strain, and 1 Shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA) and electron microscopy. Optimal production of a predominantly Fim+ population required serial passage every 48 to 72 h in unshaken brain heart infusion broth at 37 degrees C. Fim+ Shigella cultures were capable of reversibly switching to a non-MSHA, afimbriated phase during serial aerobic cultivation on tryptic soy agar plates. The amino acid sequence of S. flexneri type 1 FimA contained 18 substitutions compared to that of Escherichia coli fimbrillin. Indirect immunoelectron microscopy suggested the ...
Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c isolates...Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c isolates...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c isolates from China. AU - Qiu, S.. AU - Xu, X.. AU - Wang, Y.. AU - Yang, G.. AU - Wang, Z.. AU - Wang, H.. AU - Zhang, L.. AU - Liu, N.. AU - Chen, C.. AU - Liu, W.. AU - Li, J.. AU - Su, W.. AU - Jia, L.. AU - Wang, L.. AU - Jin, H.. AU - Keim, Paul S. AU - Yuan, Z.. AU - Huang, L.. AU - Song, H.. PY - 2012/4. Y1 - 2012/4. N2 - We report here on the first identification of Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c in China. We also report the emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins in this subserotype 1c for the first time. Isolates of seven strains circulating in China yielded three new sequence types and seven pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, thus demonstrating the existence of high genetic diversity within the isolates. Overall, the seven isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin; one isolate was ciprofloxacin ...
Shigella flexneri group (3)4抗体| Abcam中国Shigella flexneri group (3)4抗体| Abcam中国
购买Shigella flexneri group (3)4兔多克隆抗体(ab78644)，Shigella flexneri group (3)4抗体经Agg验证，产品出库一年都在质保范围内。中国现货速达。
Transferable hyperproduction of TEM-1 beta-lactamase in Shigella flexneri due to a point mutation in the pribnow box. |...Transferable hyperproduction of TEM-1 beta-lactamase in Shigella flexneri due to a point mutation in the pribnow box. |...
TEM-1 hyperproduction in two ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant Shigella flexneri strains was studied. In both strains the blaTEM gene was encoded as a single copy on a large conjugatively transferable plasmid. A single G--,T transversion at position 1 of the -10 consensus sequence was identified to be the mechanism of TEM-1 hyperproduction. ...
Characterization of the rfc region of Shigella flexneri. | Journal of BacteriologyCharacterization of the rfc region of Shigella flexneri. | Journal of Bacteriology
The O antigen of the Shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important virulence determinant and immunogen. We have isolated S. flexneri mutants which produce a semi-rough LPS by using an O-antigen-specific phage, Sf6c. Western immunoblotting was used to show that the LPS produced by the semi-rough mutants contained only one O-antigen repeat unit. Thus, the mutants are deficient in production of the O-antigen polymerase and were termed rfc mutants. Complementation experiments were used to locate the rfc adjacent to the rfb genes on plasmid clones previously isolated and containing this region (D. F. Macpherson, R. Morona, D. W. Beger, K.-C. Cheah, and P. A. Manning, Mol. Microbiol 5:1491-1499, 1991). A combination of deletions and subcloning analysis located the rfc gene as spanning a 2-kb region. Insertion of a kanamycin resistance cartridge into a SalI site in this region inactivated the rfc gene. The DNA sequence of the rfc region was determined. An open reading frame spanning the ...
A novel antisense RNA regulates at transcriptional level the virulence gene icsA of Shigella flexneri | Pubblicazioni...A novel antisense RNA regulates at transcriptional level the virulence gene icsA of Shigella flexneri | Pubblicazioni...
The virulence gene icsA of Shigella flexneri encodes an invasion protein crucial for host colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Within the intergenic region virA-icsA, we have discovered a new gene that encodes a non-translated antisense RNA (named RnaG), transcribed in cis on the complementary strand of icsA. In vitro transcription assays show that RnaG promotes premature termination of transcription of icsA mRNA. Transcriptional inhibition is also observed in vivo by monitoring the expression profile in Shigella by real-time polymerase chain reaction and when RnaG is provided in trans. Chemical and enzymatic probing of the leader region of icsA mRNA either free or bound to RnaG indicate that upon hetero-duplex formation an intrinsic terminator, leading to transcription block, is generated on the nascent icsA mRNA. Mutations in the hairpin structure of the proposed terminator impair the RnaG mediated-regulation of icsA transcription. This study represents the first evidence of transcriptional ...
Atomic model of the type III secretion system needle. - PubMed - NCBIAtomic model of the type III secretion system needle. - PubMed - NCBI
Nature. 2012 May 20;486(7402):276-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11079. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt
Epidemic characterization and molecular genotyping of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea in Northwest China |...Epidemic characterization and molecular genotyping of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea in Northwest China |...
ARGs are widespread and cause problems when present in pathogens [26]. Over the past decade, MDR Shigella has been reported in many countries [27]. However, only a few studies have described the prevalence of Shigella in animals worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of S. flexneri in cows in northwest China. During a 2-year survey, 54 S. flexneri isolates were obtained. Unfortunately, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis does not effectively distinguish between closely related strains in a superfamily, such as Shigella and E. coli [28], and conventional biochemical and serological techniques are also insufficient. Therefore, PFGE was utilized to analyze the molecular characteristics of these isolates, to determine the relatedness among isolates and to study the molecular epidemiology in specific geographical regions. The clustering results allowed us to analyze the epidemiological trends of S. flexneri. Characterization of these isolates will be helpful for clinical ...
bamA - Outer membrane protein assembly factor BamA precursor - Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) - bamA gene & proteinbamA - Outer membrane protein assembly factor BamA precursor - Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) - bamA gene & protein
Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex, which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Constitutes, with BamD, the core component of the assembly machinery.
Shigella flexneri targets the HP1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase OspF | The EMBO JournalShigella flexneri targets the HP1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase OspF | The EMBO Journal
In this study, we provide the first evidence that bacteria such as the enteropathogen Shigella flexneri control the epigenetic of their host by altering the activity of a chromatin reader, the HP1 protein. In an in vivo model of rectocolitis, we showed that the non‐invasive-albeit proinflammatory-mxiD Shigella mutant promotes pronounced HP1γ phosphorylation in the colon when compared to wild‐type Shigella. A phosphoproteome analysis of Toll‐like receptor‐activated macrophages reported that LPS caused major dynamic changes in the cell phosphorylation state, with sub‐data analysis indicating multiple phosphorylation sites on HP1γ, including S83 (Weintz et al, 2010). In the context of our in vivo model of colonic infection, one can reasonably conceived that bacterial challenge might directly-through LPS release-or indirectly initiated proinflammatory signaling cascade(s), leading to increase HP1γ phosphorylation at multiple residues, including the S83 residue monitored in our study. As ...
Shigella flexneri targets the HP1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase OspF | The EMBO JournalShigella flexneri targets the HP1γ subcode through the phosphothreonine lyase OspF | The EMBO Journal
In this study, we provide the first evidence that bacteria such as the enteropathogen Shigella flexneri control the epigenetic of their host by altering the activity of a chromatin reader, the HP1 protein. In an in vivo model of rectocolitis, we showed that the non‐invasive-albeit proinflammatory-mxiD Shigella mutant promotes pronounced HP1γ phosphorylation in the colon when compared to wild‐type Shigella. A phosphoproteome analysis of Toll‐like receptor‐activated macrophages reported that LPS caused major dynamic changes in the cell phosphorylation state, with sub‐data analysis indicating multiple phosphorylation sites on HP1γ, including S83 (Weintz et al, 2010). In the context of our in vivo model of colonic infection, one can reasonably conceived that bacterial challenge might directly-through LPS release-or indirectly initiated proinflammatory signaling cascade(s), leading to increase HP1γ phosphorylation at multiple residues, including the S83 residue monitored in our study. As ...
nudC - NADH pyrophosphatase - Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) - nudC gene & proteinnudC - NADH pyrophosphatase - Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) - nudC gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
virG, a plasmid-coded virulence gene of Shigella flexneri: identification of the virG protein and determination of the complete...virG, a plasmid-coded virulence gene of Shigella flexneri: identification of the virG protein and determination of the complete...
On the 230-kilobase-pair (kb) virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri 2a strain YSH6000, at least seven separate genetic determinants have been identified. One of them, an approximately 4-kb region, virG, that is required for the Sereny reaction, was extensively studied to examine the role of the virG region. The phenotype of a VirG- mutant (M94) of YSH6000 in the cytoplasm of cultured MK cells was characterized by a kinetic study of the invading shigellae. The observed phenotype of M94 in the cytoplasm indicated that the virG locus is not required for multiplication of the invading shigellae, but is essential for their spread to adjacent cells. The DNA region necessary for the VirG function was localized to a 3.6-kb DNA sequence on the 230-kb plasmid. A 130-kilodalton polypeptide was confirmed to be the virG product. External labeling of bacteria with 125I indicated that the 130-kilodalton virG protein is exposed on the bacterial surface. The nucleotide sequence of 4,472 bp, which contains the ...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Multidrug-Resistant Atypical Variants of Shigella flexneri in China - 21600 | Emerging Infectious...Welcome to CDC stacks | Multidrug-Resistant Atypical Variants of Shigella flexneri in China - 21600 | Emerging Infectious...
We identified 3 atypical Shigella flexneri varieties in China, including 92 strains with multidrug resistance, distinct pulse types, and a novel sequence type. Atypical varieties were prevalent mainly in developed regions, and 1 variant has become the dominant Shigella spp. serotype in China. Improved surveillance will help guide the prevention and control of shigellosis ...
The Immunogenic SigA Enterotoxin of Shigella flexneri 2a Binds to HEp-2 Cells and Induces Fodrin Redistribution in Intoxicated...The Immunogenic SigA Enterotoxin of Shigella flexneri 2a Binds to HEp-2 Cells and Induces Fodrin Redistribution in Intoxicated...
Background We have previously shown that the enterotoxin SigA which resides on the she pathogenicity island (PAI) of S. flexneri 2a is an autonomously secreted serine protease capable of degrading casein. We have also demonstrated that SigA is cytopathic for HEp-2 cells and plays a role in the intestinal fluid accumulation associated with S. flexneri infections. Methods/Principal Findings In this work we show that SigA binds specifically to HEp-2 cells and degrades recombinant human aII spectrin (a-fodrin) in vitro, suggesting that the cytotoxic and enterotoxic effects mediated by SigA are likely associated with the degradation of epithelial fodrin. Consistent with our data, this study also demonstrates that SigA cleaves intracellular fodrin in situ, causing its redistribution within cells. These results strongly implicate SigA in altering the cytoskeleton during the pathogenesis of shigellosis. On the basis of these findings, cleavage of fodrin is a novel mechanism of cellular intoxication for ...
BACTERIOLOGICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND VIRALSTUDIES ON RECTAL MUCUS IN ENTERIC INFECTIONS (SHIGELLOSIS, SALMONELLOSIS, PATHOGENIC...BACTERIOLOGICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND VIRALSTUDIES ON RECTAL MUCUS IN ENTERIC INFECTIONS (SHIGELLOSIS, SALMONELLOSIS, PATHOGENIC...
Serological researches on serum and mucus in Shigellosis, Salmonellosis and other bacterial enteric infectious diseases during the period of 1 October 1962 through 31 December 1962 are summarized as follows: The cross Latex agglutination test Shigella flexneri v-x and Shigella flexneri v-y infected cases using both standard strains showed that the Latex agglutinin titers against Shigella flexneri v-y strain were higher than against Shigella flexneri v-x strain. The agglutinin titers of serum and mucus against Escherichia coli, E. aerogenes, Citrobacter, A. liquefaciens isolated from the feces of the gastroenteritis patients were mostly low except the agglutinin titer against A. liquefaciencs. The Latex agglutinin titers of serum and mucus against pathogenic halophilic vibrio-like bacilli were generally low in both serum and mucus. These strains were isolated from the feces of patients suffering from food-poisoning. (Author)
Molecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru. - Semantic ScholarMolecular epidemiology of Shigella flexneri in a diarrhoea-endemic area of Lima, Peru. - Semantic Scholar
A year-long community-based study of diarrhoeal diseases was conducted in Canto Grande, a periurban community in Lima, Peru. In 109 (34%) houses out of 323 that were visited, at least one individual was detected with shigellosis. The frequency of the 161 shigella isolates obtained was as follows: 117 S. flexneri (73%), 21 S. boydii (13%), 15 S. dysenteriae (9%), and 8 S. sonnei (5%). Using a non-radioactive ipaH gene probe as a molecular epidemiological tool, a total of 41 S. flexneri strains were shown to be distributed in 25 intra-family comparisons by pairs (icp). Further subdivision, based on a comparison of the serotype, plasmid profile, antibiotic resistances and ipaH hybridization patterns indicated that Group I, with 11 icp (44%), had strains that were identical. Group II with 8 icp (32%), had strains that were different and Group III with 6 icp (24%), had strains with the same serotype and identical ipaH profiles but with differences in other markers. This data indicates that a diversity of
NMR STUDIES OF BACTERIAL TYPE III SECRETION APPARATUS NEEDLE AND TIP PROTEINS AND THE NMR STRUCTURE OF THE HANTAVIRUS...NMR STUDIES OF BACTERIAL TYPE III SECRETION APPARATUS NEEDLE AND TIP PROTEINS AND THE NMR STRUCTURE OF THE HANTAVIRUS...
Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens utilize type III secretion systems (TTSSs) for subverting the normal cellular functions of their target eukaryotic cells. The type III secretion apparatus (TTSA) functions like a syringe to inject proteins through an external needle and into a target cells membrane and cytosol. The TTSA basal body spans the bacterial inner and outer membranes, and the external needle is topped with a tip complex that controls the secretion and delivery of translocator and effector proteins. The needle is formed by the polymerization of ~120 copies of a small acidic protein that is conserved among diverse pathogens. At the tip of the needle, a tip complex is assembled by tip proteins into a ring-like structure which serves as a platform for the assembly of the translocon by translocator proteins. We use NMR spectroscopy to understand how the needle is assembled and how the tip complex is assembled on top of the needle. We determined the solution structures of the BsaL ...
Monitoring Shigella flexneri vacuolar escape by flow cytometry - Institut PasteurMonitoring Shigella flexneri vacuolar escape by flow cytometry - Institut Pasteur
Invasive bacterial pathogens such as Shigella flexneri force their uptake into non-phagocytic host cells. Upon internalization, they rupture the endocytic vacuole and escape into the host cell cytoplasm. Recent studies applying fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based methods to track host-pathogen interactions have provided insights into the process of bacterial infection at the single cell level. We have previously reported that the vacuolar escape of invasive bacteria into the host cellular cytosol can be tracked by fluorescence microscopy using a FRET CCF4/β-Lactamase reporter assay. Here, we show that our vacuolar rupture assay can also be analyzed by flow cytometry constituting an important alternative to data acquisition by microscopy. Whereas analysis of our assay by fluorescence microscopy offers precise spatiotemporal resolution, flow cytometry analysis represents a high-throughput method that allows efficient and fast quantification of a large number of events and can further
AID 201598 - The relative ability of compound to promote the growth of Shigella flexneri SA 240, a strain lacking the ability...AID 201598 - The relative ability of compound to promote the growth of Shigella flexneri SA 240, a strain lacking the ability...
BioAssay record AID 201598 submitted by ChEMBL: The relative ability of compound to promote the growth of Shigella flexneri SA 240, a strain lacking the ability to synthesize siderophores was measured as zone stimulation at concentration of 50 uM; NA=No activity.
Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 12022™Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 12022™
Shigella flexneri ATCC ® 12022™ Designation: CDC 3591-52 TypeStrain=False Application: Media testing Enteric Research Emerging infectious disease research
Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 700930™Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 700930™
Shigella flexneri ATCC ® 700930™ Designation: 2457T TypeStrain=False Application: Emerging infectious disease and enteric research
Pasetti, Marcela | University of Maryland School of MedicinePasetti, Marcela | University of Maryland School of Medicine
Heine SJ, Diaz-McNair J, Martinez-Becerra F, Choudhari S, Clements JD, Picking WL, Pasetti MF. Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of orally delivered Shigella type III secretion system proteins IpaB and IpaD . Vaccine. 2013 Jun 19;31(28):2919-29.. Martinez-Becerra F, Kismann J, McNair J, Pasetti MF*, Picking, WL*. Broadly protective Shigella vaccine based on Type III secretion apparatus proteins. Infect Immun. 2012 Mar 80(3):1222-31. *shared senior/corresponding authors.. Ramirez K, Ditamo Y, Rodriguez L, Picking WL, van Roosmalen ML, Leenhouts K, Pasetti MF. Neonatal mucosal immunization with a non-living, non-genetically modified L. lactis vaccine carrier induces systemic and local Th1-type immunity and protects against lethal bacterial infection. Mucosal Immunol. 2010 Mar;3(2):159-71.. Pasetti MF, Ramirez K., Resendiz-Albor A., Ulmer J, Barry EM, Levine MM. Sindbis-virus measles Sindbis virus-based measles DNA vaccines protect cotton rats against respiratory measles; ...
Pfam: IpgDPfam: IpgD
GF ID IpgD #=GF AC PF05925.13 #=GF DE Enterobacterial virulence protein IpgD #=GF AU Moxon SJ;0000-0003-4644-1816 #=GF SE Pfam-B_1987 (release 9.0) #=GF GA 20.70 20.70; #=GF TC 20.70 20.80; #=GF NC 20.60 20.20; #=GF BM hmmbuild HMM.ann SEED.ann #=GF SM hmmsearch -Z 47079205 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq #=GF TP Family #=GF RN [1] #=GF RM 12356723 #=GF RT Conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) into PtdIns(5)P by the S.flexneri #=GF RT effector IpgD reorganizes host cell morphology. #=GF RA Niebuhr K, Giuriato S, Pedron T, Philpott DJ, Gaits F, Sable J, #=GF RA Sheetz MP, Parsot C, Sansonetti PJ, Payrastre B; #=GF RL EMBO J 2002;21:5069-5078. #=GF DR INTERPRO; IPR008108; #=GF DR SO; 0100021; polypeptide_conserved_region; #=GF CC This family consists of several enterobacterial IpgD like #=GF CC virulence factor proteins. In the Gram-negative pathogen #=GF CC Shigella flexneri, the virulence factor IpgD is translocated #=GF CC directly into eukaryotic cells and acts as a potent inositol #=GF CC 4-phosphatase ...
Dr. Feng Shaos laboratory reveals a novel ubiquitination and degradation mechanism used by an enteric bacterial pathogen...Dr. Feng Shao's laboratory reveals a novel ubiquitination and degradation mechanism used by an enteric bacterial pathogen...
Oct. 11, 2017 - Studies from Dr. Feng Shaos laboratory reveals a novel ubiquitination and degradation mechanism used by an enteric bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri to counteract cell-autonomous innate immune defense. The work entitled
Halting the spread of dysentery - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comHalting the spread of dysentery - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Despite recent improvements in sanitation and the provision of clean water around the world, dysentery remains a major worldwide public health burden that most frequently affects children in low-income countries.. Now, a team led by Dr Thomas Connor from the School of Biosciences and Professor Nick Thomson from The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute have used the latest genomic techniques to reveal more about the bacteria Shigella flexneri, known as a leading cause of the disease.. Published in the academic journal eLife, the team sequenced the DNA of Shigella flexneri from samples taken from Africa, Asia, South and Central America along with samples from historical collections dating back to 1913. They discovered that the bacteria is able to persist in the local environment, enabling it to colonise regions for tens or hundreds of years.. More importantly, the work also showed that the bacteria can swap its serotype - a key part of its outer coating that is "seen" by the immune system - which could ...
Digital Scholarship@UNLV - Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP): The Regulation of the ospZ and ORF-2 promoters...Digital [email protected] - Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP): The Regulation of the ospZ and ORF-2 promoters...
Shigella flexneri is a pathogenic bacterium that is the causative agent of shigellosis, an illness characterized by severe dysentery. Shigella carries many of its virulence genes on a large virulence plasmid and consequently this plasmid is the focus of research in the Wing lab. My research focuses on the transcriptional regulation of a newly identified gene called ospZ. This genes protein product is secreted outside the bacterial cell and assists in polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration, a function that is believed to enhance the virulence of Shigella. Many genes encoded by the Shigella virulence plasmid are regulated by the transcription factor VirB, which is also encoded by the virulence plasmid. VirB regulates the expression of IcsP, a gene 1.6 kilobase pairs upstream of ospZ on the divergent strand. To determine the role VirB plays in the regulation of ospZ, reporter plasmids will be constructed in which the ospZ promoter region is fused to lacZ (a gene that encodes the enzyme betagalactosidase)
Team: Cell signaling in bacterial infections. - Institut CochinTeam: Cell signaling in bacterial infections. - Institut Cochin
The emergence of multi-drug-resistance mechanisms among major pathogenic bacteria represents a rising threat on human health. The lack of new therapeutic options requires an urgent effort of the scientific community to identify new microbial targets and envision alternative strategies. A promising approach consists of targeting the host instead of the pathogen. Indeed, it became clear over the last years, that pathogens subvert key cellular factors and responses in order to infect their host. Blocking the expressing of these factors or interfering with their activities may prevent colonization and have a positive impact on the infection outcome. Since infections result from countless molecular interactions between microbial components and host factors, identifying key cellular targets requires mapping these interactions on a global scale.. Using the enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella flexneri as main model, we apply systems biology methods including large scale RNAi screens and phosphoproteomics ...
Medical Laboratory and Biomedical Science: 100 years of ShigellaMedical Laboratory and Biomedical Science: 100 years of Shigella
Nicholas Thomson, a genomicist at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, first came to know of Cables lethal infection at a conference in October 2011. At the meeting, he met a woman named Philippa "Pippa" Bracegirdle, who worked in the archives of the UK National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC), the oldest collection of bacterial cultures in the world. Over a drink, Bracegirdle mentioned that the collection contained an isolate of Shigella, the dysentery-causing kin of E. coli that had killed Cable. Later identified as Shigella flexneri serotype 2a, it was the first bacterial isolate deposited in NCTCs now 5,000-sample-strong biobank ...
Shigella flexneri | definition of Shigella flexneri by Medical dictionaryShigella flexneri | definition of Shigella flexneri by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Shigella flexneri in the Medical Dictionary? Shigella flexneri explanation free. What is Shigella flexneri? Meaning of Shigella flexneri medical term. What does Shigella flexneri mean?
Protein expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the isolated Shigella flexneri VapC...Protein expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the isolated Shigella flexneri VapC...
Upon release from the stable complex formed with its antitoxin VapB, the toxin VapC (MvpT) of the Gram-negative pathogen Shigella flexneri is capable of globally down-regulating translation by specifically cleaving initiator tRNA(fMet) in the anticodon region. Recombinant Shigella flexneri VapC(D7A) harbouring an active-site mutation was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion technique. A preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the crystals diffracted to at least 1.9 Å resolution at a synchrotron X-ray source and belonged to the trigonal space group in the hexagonal setting, H3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 120.1, c = 52.5 Å, α = β = 90, γ = 120°. The Matthews coefficient is 2.46 Å(3) Da(-1), suggesting two molecules per asymmetric unit and corresponding to a solvent content of 50.0 ...
Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysenteryGenome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery
The Shigella bacteria cause bacillary dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. The genus status and species classification appear no longer valid, as compelling evidence indicates that Shigella, as well as enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of E …
Identification of Shigella species and their antibiotic resistance patterns from dysenteric patients in Baradaran Rezaei...Identification of Shigella species and their antibiotic resistance patterns from dysenteric patients in Baradaran Rezaei...
Shigella is a major cause of dysentery across the world. Appropriate antibiotic treatment of shigellosis depends on resistance patterns. The present study was conducted to identify Shigella species and their antibiotic resistance patterns among dysenteric patients in Rezaei Hospital of Damghan. Isolation of Shigella species was conducted by specific culture medium and biochemical tests. The Shigella species were determined by specific antiserum with agglutination on slide. Then, susceptibility to different antibiotics, i. e. nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and ceftriaxone, was tested. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using the Kirby-Bauer standard method on Mueller-Hinton agar.In this study, 29 Shigella species were found in 91 stool samples of the patients. Determination of Shigella spp. by specific antiserum showed S. flexneri (group B) in 13 cases, S. dysenteriae (group A) in 10 cases, and S. sonnei (group D) in 6 cases, while no case of S.
Intercontinental dissemination of azithromycin-resistant shigellosis through sexual transmission: a cross-sectional study. -...Intercontinental dissemination of azithromycin-resistant shigellosis through sexual transmission: a cross-sectional study. -...
BACKGROUND: Shigellosis is an acute, severe bacterial colitis that, in high-income countries, is typically associated with travel to high-risk regions (Africa, Asia, and Latin America). Since the 1970s, shigellosis has also been reported as a sexually transmitted infection in men who have sex with men (MSM), in whom transmission is an important component of shigellosis epidemiology in high-income nations. We aimed to use sophisticated subtyping and international sampling to determine factors driving shigellosis emergence in MSM linked to an outbreak in the UK.,br/, METHODS: We did a large-scale, cross-sectional genomic epidemiological study of shigellosis cases collected from 29 countries between December, 1995, and June 8, 2014. Focusing on an ongoing epidemic in the UK, we collected and whole-genome sequenced clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri serotype 3a from high-risk and low-risk regions, including cases associated with travel and sex between men. We examined relationships between ...
LSHTM Research OnlineLSHTM Research Online
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in China, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. METHODS: We extracted and integrated governmental statistics and relevant medical literature published from 1991 to 2000. Data were also collected from one general hospital each for the six provinces and Jin-an district, Shanghai, representative of six geographical regions and a modern city. FINDINGS: In 2000, 0.8-1.7 million episodes of bacillary dysentery occurred of which 0.5 to 0.7 million were treated at health-care facilities and 0.15-0.20 million patients were hospitalized. The highest morbidity and mortality rates were among the youngest and oldest age groups. Bacillary dysentery peaked during the summer months. The major causative species was Shigella flexneri (86%) and the predominant S. flexneri serotype was 2a (80%). About 74-80% of Shigella isolates remained susceptible to ...
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes of Shigella flexneri Isolates With Fosfomycin Resistance From Patients...Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes of Shigella flexneri Isolates With Fosfomycin Resistance From Patients...
Results: Twenty-five of the 263 isolates (9.5%) showed resistance to fosfomycin, and 18 (6.8%) were positive for fosA3. None of the isolates was positive for fosA or fosC2. Seventeen of the isolates carrying fosA3 (94%) were CTX-M producers (seven CTX-M-55, five CTX-M-14, and five CTX-M-123), while three (16.7%) were TEM producers (TEM-1).Sixteen (88.9%) fosA3-carrying isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance. The replicon types of the 13 fosA3-carrying plasmids were IncF (n=13), IncHI2 (n=3), IncIl-Ir (n=2), and IncN (n=1 ...
Immunomagnetic separation and PCR detection show Shigellae to be common faecal agents in children from urban marginal...Immunomagnetic separation and PCR detection show Shigellae to be common faecal agents in children from urban marginal...
Culture and immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction assays (IMS-PCR) were used to isolate and identify Shigella flexneri, S. dysenteriae type I and S. sonnei in faeces from 250 children up to 5 years and from their mothers (n = 143) selected at random from a large urban marginal community of Costa Rica. Children hospitalized because of severe diarrhoea (n = 110) were also studied. Only S. flexneri, mainly serotype 2a, and S. sonnei were found by culture. All specimens in which Shigella was cultured were also positive by the corresponding IMS-PCR. S. flexneri was isolated by culture from 1 (0.7%) mother and 4 (1.6%) community children. S. sonnei was found in 2 (0.8%) children. An additional 12 S. flexneri and four S. sonnei in the community children were found by IMS-PCR. In total, Shigella was cultured from 0.7% of mothers and 2.4% of children. By the IMS-PCR 2% of mothers and 8% of children were positive. S. flexneri was isolated by culture from 14 (12.7%) hospitalized children and ...
Description: Structural and mutational characterisation of Shigella Pathogenicity FactorsDescription: Structural and mutational characterisation of Shigella Pathogenicity Factors
Annually 163 mio. people are affected by bacillary dysentery, an acute inflammatory bowel disease, caused by Shigella bacteria. Shigella have the ability to invade the colonic epithelium in humans, thereby causing an acute mucosal inflammation. The invasive phenotype is encoded on a virulence plasmid. The expression of the so-called invasion genes is controlled by a virulence factor VirF. The translation of the virF mRNA depends on the activity of a tRNA modifying enzyme - the tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT). TGT-mutants of Shigella are almost unable to penetrate host cells. In the first part of this work, the pathogenicity factor genes ipaA, ipgB2, ospD1, spa15, and ipgE, which are required at different points of the Shigella invasion mechanism, were cloned into several plasmid vectors and expressed in E. coli. In case of IpaA, OspD1, and IpgB2 only insoluble protein was obtained while in case of IpgE a purification protocol could be successfully established. Purified IpgE was identified ...
ASMscience | ShigellaASMscience | Shigella
Diarrheal diseases afflict a significant number of the worlds population each year. Estimates of disease caused by Shigella spp. on a yearly basis worldwide range from 164.7 to 200 million people infected, with nearly 1.1 million deaths attributed to this pathogen. Destruction of the intestinal epithelial cells and mucosal inflammation is a consequence of the hosts polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a subsequent recruitment influx of chemokines and cytokines at the sites of Shigella invasion. Shigellosis is a highly communicable disease due in part to the rapid spread of the pathogen within certain populations, particularly in crowded communities and/or in environments with poor sanitary conditions. The primary means of human-to-human transmission of Shigella is by the fecal-oral route. Most cases of shigellosis are caused by the ingestion of fecal-contaminated food or water. Surveillance of food-borne illnesses caused by Shigella spp. continues in many countries, with many reporting to a central
KEGG PATHWAY: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Shigella flexneri 2002017 (serotype Fxv)KEGG PATHWAY: Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) - Shigella flexneri 2002017 (serotype Fxv)
The citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The cycle starts with acetyl-CoA, the activated form of acetate, derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. In a series of reactions two carbons in citrate are oxidized to CO2 and the reaction pathway supplies NADH for use in the oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic processes. The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. At the end of the cycle the remaining four-carbon part is transformed back to oxaloacetate. According to the genome sequence data, many organisms seem to lack genes for the full cycle [MD:M00009], but contain genes for specific segments [MD:M00010 M00011 ...
2OTD THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE FROM SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A | 2OTD B | P15056 | BRAF |...2OTD THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE FROM SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A | 2OTD B | P15056 | BRAF |...
Fullscreen (supported by IE11, latest versions of Firefox, Chrome, Safari (not including iOS Safari), Edge, Chrome for Android, Samsung Internet) ...
Microbiologics : 0356L Shigella flexneri derived from ATCC® 12022™* LYFO DISKMicrobiologics : 0356L Shigella flexneri derived from ATCC® 12022™* LYFO DISK
The ATCC Licensed Derivative Emblem, the ATCC Licensed Derivative word mark and the ATCC catalog marks are trademarks of ATCC. Microbiologics, Inc. is licensed to use these trademarks and to sell products derived from ATCC® cultures. Look for the ATCC Licensed Derivative © Emblem for products derived from ATCC© cultures. ...
DiVA - SökresultatDiVA - Sökresultat
Background: Shigella flexneri is the major cause of bacillary dysentery in the developing countries. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen of S. flexneri plays an important role in its pathogenesis and also divides S. flexneri into 19 serotypes. All the serotypes with an exception for serotype 6 share a common O-antigen backbone comprising of N-acetylglucosamine and three rhamnose residues. Different serotypes result from modification of the basic backbone conferred by phage-encoded glucosyltransferase and/or acetyltransferase genes, or plasmid-encoded phosphoethanolamine transferase. Recently, a new site for O-acetylation at positions 3 and 4 of Rha(III), in serotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 5a and Y was shown to be mediated by the oacB gene. Additionally, this gene was shown to be carried by a transposon-like structure inserted upstream of the adrA region on the chromosome. Results: In this study, a novel bacteriophage Sf101, encoding the oacB gene was isolated and characterised from a serotype 7a ...
Difference between revisions of Shigella - microbewikiDifference between revisions of "Shigella" - microbewiki
Hale, Thomas L. Genetic Basis of Virulence in Shigella Species. Dept. of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Amry Institute of Research. Washington, D. C.: American Society for Microbiology, 1991. 206-224. 10 Nov. 2006 ,http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/55/2/206.pdf,. Hale, Thomas L., and Gerald T. Keusch. "Shigella." GSBS At UTMB. The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UTMB. 10 Nov. 2006 ,http://www.gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch022.htm,. Sivapalasingam, S. "High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002." PubMed Central. New York, NY: NYU School of Medicine, 2006. 17 Nov. 2006 ,http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16377666#N0x84ceb98.0x92357c0#N0x84ceb98.0x92357c0,. Sureshbabu, Jaya, and Poothirikovil Venugopalan. "Shigella Infection." EMedicine From WebMD. 12 Sept. 2006. WebMD. 10 Nov. 2006 ,http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2085.htm,. ...
Draft genomes of Shigella strains used by the STOPENTERICS consortium | Gut Pathogens | Full TextDraft genomes of Shigella strains used by the STOPENTERICS consortium | Gut Pathogens | Full Text
Despite a significant global burden of disease, there is still no vaccine against shigellosis widely available. One aim of the European Union funded STOPENTERICS consortium is to develop vaccine candidates against Shigella. Given the importance of translational vaccine coverage, here we aimed to characterise the Shigella strains being used by the consortium by whole genome sequencing, and report on the stability of strains cultured in different laboratories or through serial passage. We sequenced, de novo assembled and annotated 20 Shigella strains being used by the consortium. These comprised 16 different isolates belonging to 7 serotypes, and 4 derivative strains. Derivative strains from common isolates were manipulated in different laboratories or had undergone multiple passages in the same laboratory. Strains were mapped against reference genomes to detect SNP variation and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The genomes assembled into similar total lengths (range 4.14-4.83 Mbp) and had similar
Pre GI: BLASTP HitsPre GI: BLASTP Hits
General Information: This strain is an isolate from an epidemic in China in the 1950s. A leading cause of dysentery. This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who first discovered these organisms in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. These organisms are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, causing over 160 million cases of infection and 1 million deaths yearly worldwide. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. This extremely virulent organisms that can cause an active infection after a very low exposure. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The ...
Pre GI: SWBIT SVG BLASTPPre GI: SWBIT SVG BLASTP
General Information: This strain is an isolate from an epidemic that took place in China in the 1950s. Causes dysentery. This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who first discovered these organisms in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. These organisms are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, causing over 160 million cases of infection and 1 million deaths yearly worldwide. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. are extremely virulent organisms that can cause an active infection after a very low exposure. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The ...
Digital Scholarship@UNLV - Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP): The Regulation of the icsP promoter of Shigella...Digital [email protected] - Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP): The Regulation of the icsP promoter of Shigella...
Iron is an essential element in the metabolism of many organisms, including bacteria. In many pathogenic bacteria, the levels of iron present trigger the expression of many virulence genes. In Shigella, a gram-negative bacterium that causes dysentery in humans, the expression of a small regulatory RNA, ryhB, is blocked in the presence of iron. Studies have revealed that ryhB represses virB, a global regulator of virulence genes in Shigella. The icsP gene is under the direct control of VirB. icsP encodes an outer membrane protease that cleaves a protein necessary for the actin tail assembly of Shigella in vitro. In vivo, this actin tail enables the pathogenic Shigella to spread intracellularly. Because most of the iron is complexed inside host cells, the intracellular compartment is considered an iron-poor environment. The aim of this project is to determine whether iron levels influence the regulation of icsP through VirB. Based on previous studies done on ryhB, I hypothesize that ryhB regulates icsP
Scientific Papers/Award | The Institute of Medical Science, The University Of TokyoScientific Papers/Award | The Institute of Medical Science, The University Of Tokyo
The rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. Nevertheless, many pathogenic bacteria, including Shigella, are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the epithelium efficiently. Here we show that the Shigella flexneri effector OspE (consisting of OspE1 and OspE2 proteins), which is highly conserved among enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Citrobacter rodentium and Salmonella strains, reinforces host cell adherence to the basement membrane by interacting with integrin-linked kinase (ILK). The number of focal adhesions was augmented along with membrane fraction ILK by ILK-OspE binding. The interaction between ILK and OspE increased cell surface levels of beta1 integrin and suppressed phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, which are required for rapid turnover of focal adhesion in cell motility. Nocodazole-washout-induced focal adhesion disassembly was blocked by expression ...
trial datatrial data
The invasive bacteria Shigella species and entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC) can cause gastroenteritis, and share a similar invasive nature. From results of food related outbreaks, a few in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with a limited number of strains, it appears that the symptoms of infections with Shigella and EIEC are comparable, only EIEC has a higher infection dose. Shigella species and EIEC are not compared with each other in a large prospective study, to our knowledge. Little is known about the incidence and course of infection of EIEC. Infections with Shigella species are notifiable in the Netherlands and infections with EIEC are not, even though differences between them are not clear. Next to this, diagnostics poses a problem, because Shigella species and EIEC are genetically related, they are difficult to distinguish with commonly used molecular diagnostics. Culturing, extensive phenotypic identification and serotyping are needed for identification. These labor-intensive and not ...
Items where LSTM Author is Roberts, Adam - LSTM Online ArchiveItems where LSTM Author is "Roberts, Adam" - LSTM Online Archive
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-3088, Xu, Xuebin, Yang, Chaojie, Yang, Xiaoxia, Wang, Jinyan, Yi, Shengjie, Li, Yongrui, Ma, Qiuxia, Wu, Fuli, Qiu, Shaofu and Song, Hongbin (2018) Characterization of a transferable plasmid-borne mcr-1 in a colistin resistant Shigella flexneri isolate.. Applied and environmental microbiology, Vol 84, Issue 8, e02655-17. Tansirichaiya, Supathep, Reynolds, Liam J., Cristarella, Gianmarco, Wong, Li Chin, Rosendahl, Kimie and Roberts, Adam ...
Hopeful Monsters: Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense Except in the Light of E. coli (and Shigella) - Mike the Mad...'Hopeful Monsters': Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense Except in the Light of E. coli (and Shigella) - Mike the Mad...
But onto the title of post. As someone who has spent most of his career* studying bacterial evolution, many evolutionary debates focus on those organisms, which are at most, ten percent of the earths biomass (eukaryotes). When one considers bacteria, there are single events that radically change an organisms ecology-whether one wants to call these hopeful monsters or not, I leave to the reader.. Ive posted before about the evolution of Shigella, which is nothing more than several pathogenic lineages of E. coli, so I wont revisit that topic in detail. For a commensal E. coli to become Shigella, a critical step is the acquisition of a virulence plasmid. This plasmid (a mini-chromosome roughly ~3% the size of the E. coli genome) confers various traits on the bacterium, including the ability to stick to certain tissue types, and to produce an enterotoxin that causes bloody diarrhea. These plasmid-bearing bacteria are not Shigella. They are facultative pathogens-they can cause disease, but dont ...
Quantitative PCR for Detection of Shigella Improves Ascertainment of Shigella Burden in Children with Moderate-to-Severe...Quantitative PCR for Detection of Shigella Improves Ascertainment of Shigella Burden in Children with Moderate-to-Severe...
Quantitative PCR for Detection of Shigella Improves Ascertainment of Shigella Burden in Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Low-Income ...
Frederick BlattnerFrederick Blattner
We are interested in the genomics of bacteria. Having sequenced E. coli K-12 we have now turned to large scale functional genomics of E. coli through DNA chip analysis of global gene expression and by phenotypic analysis of conditional knock-out mutations.. We are also interested in hypothesis driven comparative and evolutionary genomics by sequencing related strains. The first strain sequenced for comparison was E. coli O157:H7, the "hamburger strain." Subsequent studies included other pathogenic strains of E. coli, as well as Yersinia pestis (plague), Shigella flexneri (dysentary), and Salmonella Typhi (typhoid fever). It turns out that many virulence determinants of the different pathogens are similar, so this approach will allow identification of a "pathosphere" of the virulence genes that make up the pathogenic potential of these bacteria. Other lab interests include bioinformatics, technology development, and genetic engineering/re-engineering of bacterial genomes.. ...
Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and frequency of CTX-M TEM and SHV Β-Lactamase Encoding Genes among Shigella...Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and frequency of CTX-M TEM and SHV Β-Lactamase Encoding Genes among Shigella...
ABSTRACT              Background and Objectives: The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella spp. is becoming a health concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes among Shigella isolates from patients in hospitals of Tehran, Iran.              Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ...
Shigella antiseraShigella antisera
... SSI Diagnostica offers a wide range of Shigella antisera.Clinical relevanceShigella infections (shigellosis) can cause both bloo
Shigella Watch | Page 3 of 33 | Shigella BlogShigella Watch | Page 3 of 33 | Shigella Blog
Three hundred people are now suspected of having shigella in Grayson County, according to health officials.. According to local press reports, it started among students at Sherman ISD, spread to Denison ISD and then to people in Van Alstyne and Pottsboro.. One of the most recent confirmed cases is a 5-year-old girl at Bells elementary…. ...
Functional Analysis of the Type III Effectors AvrRpt2 and AvrRpm1 of Pseudomonas syringae with the Use of a Single-Copy Genomic...Functional Analysis of the Type III Effectors AvrRpt2 and AvrRpm1 of Pseudomonas syringae with the Use of a Single-Copy Genomic...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 14:145-155...David S. Guttman and Jean T. Greenberg...© 2001 The American Phytopathological Society...Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion apparatus for pathogenesis, presumably to deliver Avr effector proteins directly into plant cells. To extend previous studies of Avr effectors that employed plasmids encoding Avr proteins, we developed a system that permits the int...
Team:HokkaidoU Japan - 2010.igem.orgTeam:HokkaidoU Japan - 2010.igem.org
Our main project is on Type III Secretion Apparatus which is one of the most amazing biological devices. This apparatus which looks like a syringe can pass a whole protein molecule from a bacterial cell to a target eukaryotic cell. However, this apparatus is an organelle of pathogenic gram-negative bacterium such as Salmonella and Yersinia. So we are aiming at making this device safely available using E. coli. ...
Team:HokkaidoU Japan - 2010.igem.orgTeam:HokkaidoU Japan - 2010.igem.org
nbsp;  Our main project is on Type III Secretion Apparatus which is one of the most amazing biological devices. This apparatus which looks like a syringe can pass a whole protein molecule from a bacterial cell to a target eukaryotic cell. However, this apparatus is an organelle of pathogenic gram-negative bacterium such as Salmonella and Yersinia. So we are aiming at making this device safely available using E. coli ...
iPad mini 2iPad mini 2
Deciding between the original iPad mini and the iPad 4 was tedious due to a feature gap stemming from the notable hardware differences between the two. On the other hand, the choice between the iPad mini with Retina display (or the iPad mini 2, as its now called) was a no-brainer. Both came outfitted with essentially the same hardware- from the sensors to the A7/M7 chips to the cameras - so the decision came down to picking your preferred screen size.. That said, brain work is required to make an informed purchasing decision concerning the latest iPads. In case you missed it, Apples brought minor changes to the iPad mini 3 and the device got only like thirty seconds of stage time. Conversely, the iPad Air 2 is a much more substantial upgrade.. Here are ten iPad Air 2 features that the iPad mini 3 lacks which make the bigger model a better buy and arguably the right device to boost your tablet computing. ...
iPad mini with Retina display review | Acada extraiPad mini with Retina display review | Acada extra
Last year, the overwhelming message of the iPad mini was simple: the iPad mini was smaller, but it was still an iPad. Tim Cook, Phil Schiller, and Jony Ive all reminded us over and over that Apple had to make hard choices to make the iPad mini - it had a lower-resolution screen and a weaker processor - but said that the iPads commonalities trumped their differences.. In many ways, that was true: Apples experience has always mattered more than its specs, and the iPad mini converted buyers and fans alike despite the compromises. But even for those who bought Apples tablet, there was one feature noticeably missing: a bright, beautiful, high-resolution Retina display. Without one, the Apple experience feels obfuscated in ways both literal and figurative.. This year, the iPad mini with Retina display really is every inch an iPad. Its no longer out of date, or worse in any way. It comes with the same A7 processor as the new iPad Air, the same storage and connectivity options, the same battery ...
Artwizz ScratchStopper Anti-Fingerprint MATT for iPad Mini Retina :: www.ienjoy.euArtwizz ScratchStopper Anti-Fingerprint MATT for iPad Mini Retina :: www.ienjoy.eu
Artwizz ScratchStopper Anti-Fingerprint MATT for iPad Mini. This special ScratchStopper protective film has a fat-resistant layer that makes fingerprints less visible and easier to remove. The film reduces the presence of oil and grease residues that your fingers may leave behind on the display screen. The film does not affect the usability of the iPad mini/iPad mini with Retina display. The film is matte with a slightly rubberized surface, which gives the touch screen a better grip, making it easier to use. The ScratchStopper protects your iPad mini / iPad mini with Retina display\s screen from scratches, dirt and fingerprints. The film is cut to the size of the display and covers it completely. Once applied the iPad mini/iPad mini with Retina display is perfectly protected and will operate as usual.
Ipad Case For Kids Suppliers, all Quality Ipad Case For Kids Suppliers on Alibaba.comIpad Case For Kids Suppliers, all Quality Ipad Case For Kids Suppliers on Alibaba.com
Ipad Case For Kids, Ipad Case For Kids Suppliers Directory - Find variety Ipad Case For Kids Suppliers, Manufacturers, Companies from around the World at ipad pro 10.5 case ,ipad case ,ipad pro 12.9 case keyboard, Tablet Covers & Cases
unknown #2 - Introduction This lab was intended to differentiate between Salmonella and Shigella The unknown 2 is a broth...unknown #2 - Introduction This lab was intended to differentiate between Salmonella and Shigella The unknown 2 is a broth...
View Notes - unknown #2 from MIC 206 at ASU. Introduction: This lab was intended to differentiate between Salmonella and Shigella. The unknown 2 is a broth mixture of Proteus, E. coli, and either
ShigellaShigella
I was with a male escort in Dublin who I found on this site last week and ended up in hospital for a few days with an infection called Shigella. It...
Etapa adiantada da aderência no trânsito intestinal do Shigella descobertoEtapa adiantada da aderência no trânsito intestinal do Shigella descoberto
O Shigella bacteriano do micróbio patogénico, frequentemente propagação através do alimento contaminado ou água, é uma causa principal da mortalidade em crianças e em uns adultos mais velhos no mundo
Simon FlexnerSimon Flexner
Type three secretion systemType three secretion system
Phosphopolyprenol glucosyltransferasePhosphopolyprenol glucosyltransferase
Bacterial effector proteinBacterial effector protein
RyhBRyhB
Chris Higgins (academic)Chris Higgins (academic)
Profilin 1Profilin 1
VIPR1VIPR1
WASL (gene)WASL (gene)
Bacillary dysenteryBacillary dysentery
List of sequenced bacterial genomesList of sequenced bacterial genomes
RnaGRnaG
RANBP9RANBP9
MicrofilamentMicrofilament
RydB RNARydB RNA
Haemolysin EHaemolysin E
IS128 RNAIS128 RNA
Protein-secreting ATPaseProtein-secreting ATPase
IS102 RNAIS102 RNA
OmptinOmptin
Histone-like nucleoid-structuring proteinHistone-like nucleoid-structuring protein
T44 RNAT44 RNA
Congo redCongo red
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatePhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate
IS061 RNAIS061 RNA
Escherichia coli in molecular biologyEscherichia coli in molecular biology
GlmY RNAGlmY RNA
RyfA RNARyfA RNA
Serum amyloid A1Serum amyloid A1
PhagosomePhagosome
Shigella dysenteriae - VikipēdijaShigella dysenteriae - Vikipēdija
Urinary tract infectionUrinary tract infection
CholeraCholera
ColostrumColostrum
ടൈഫോയ്ഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയടൈഫോയ്ഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Travelers diarrheaTraveler's diarrhea
Bacterial taxonomyBacterial taxonomy
ಜಠರ/ಜಠರೀಯ ಹುಣ್ಣು/ವ್ರಣ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಜಠರ/ಜಠರೀಯ ಹುಣ್ಣು/ವ್ರಣ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Meningococcal diseaseMeningococcal disease
Porenbildendes ToxinPorenbildendes Toxin
Chromobacteriosis infectionChromobacteriosis infection
PhagosomePhagosome
EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceae
List of infectious diseasesList of infectious diseases
কলেরা - উইকিপিডিয়াকলেরা - উইকিপিডিয়া
List of parasites of humansList of parasites of humans
Klebsiella aerogenesKlebsiella aerogenes
Typhoid feverTyphoid fever
Peptic ulcer diseasePeptic ulcer disease
Neisseria meningitidisNeisseria meningitidis
MKB-10 Poglavje I: Nekatere infekcijske in parazitske bolezni - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaMKB-10 Poglavje I: Nekatere infekcijske in parazitske bolezni - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
ActinActin
MicrofilamentMicrofilament
ShigellosisShigellosis
Microfold cellMicrofold cell
Inferring horizontal gene transferInferring horizontal gene transfer
C0719 RNAC0719 RNA
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Shigella flexneriShigellaDysentery, BacillaryShigella sonneiShigella dysenteriaeShigella boydiiShigella VaccinesKeratoconjunctivitisO AntigensBacterial ProteinsVirulenceCongo RedAntigens, BacterialPlasmidsGenes, BacterialEscherichia coliVirulence FactorsSerotypingHeLa CellsBacterial VaccinesDNA, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMolecular Sequence DataBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsRhamnoseDiarrheaFecesDysenteryPlesiomonasLipopolysaccharidesAntibodies, BacterialSuccinic AnhydridesSalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumPubMedPeriodicals as TopicBooksPublishingAcanthamoebaContainment of BiohazardsCommunicable DiseasesAcetylesteraseTriacetinEsterasesTrioleinbeta-GalactosidaseSequence Analysis, DNAReduced Folate Carrier ProteinBacteriologyBRCA1 ProteinBRCA2 ProteinRecombination, GeneticCellular Apoptosis Susceptibility ProteinBloom SyndromeRad51 Recombinase
Shigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. - PubMed - NCBIShigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. - PubMed - NCBI
Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 700930™Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 700930™
Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 12022™Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers ATCC ® 12022™
Shigella flexneri Sequencing ProjectShigella flexneri Sequencing Project
Characterization of the rfc region of Shigella flexneri. | Journal of BacteriologyCharacterization of the rfc region of Shigella flexneri. | Journal of Bacteriology
KEGG PATHWAY: Homologous recombination - Shigella flexneri 8401 (serotype 5b)KEGG PATHWAY: Homologous recombination - Shigella flexneri 8401 (serotype 5b)
Untersuchungen zum Rekrutierungsmechanismus und zur funktionellen Rolle des atypischen Myr5 bei der Epithelzellinvasion durch...Untersuchungen zum Rekrutierungsmechanismus und zur funktionellen Rolle des atypischen Myr5 bei der Epithelzellinvasion durch...
Isolation and Characterization of a Shigella flexneri Invasin Complex Subunit VaccineIsolation and Characterization of a Shigella flexneri Invasin Complex Subunit Vaccine
Caracterización molecular de mecanismos de resistencia a cloranfenicol en cepas de Shigella flexneri aisladas en niños chilenos...Caracterización molecular de mecanismos de resistencia a cloranfenicol en cepas de Shigella flexneri aisladas en niños chilenos...
Eurosurveillance | Ongoing outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 3a in men who have sex with men in England and Wales, data...Eurosurveillance | Ongoing outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 3a in men who have sex with men in England and Wales, data...
PLOS ONE: A Novel Plasmid-Encoded Serotype Conversion Mechanism through Addition of Phosphoethanolamine to the O-Antigen of...PLOS ONE: A Novel Plasmid-Encoded Serotype Conversion Mechanism through Addition of Phosphoethanolamine to the O-Antigen of...
Shigella flexneri - WikipediaShigella flexneri - Wikipedia
Shigella flexneri 2aShigella flexneri 2a
Outbreak of Shigella flexneri 2a Infections on a Cruise ShipOutbreak of Shigella flexneri 2a Infections on a Cruise Ship
Visualization of the type III secretion sorting platform of Shigella flexneri | PNASVisualization of the type III secretion sorting platform of Shigella flexneri | PNAS
IpaB mediates macrophage apoptosis induced by Shigella flexneri. - PubMed - NCBIIpaB mediates macrophage apoptosis induced by Shigella flexneri. - PubMed - NCBI
aes - Acetyl esterase - Shigella flexneri - aes gene & proteinaes - Acetyl esterase - Shigella flexneri - aes gene & protein
The secreted Ipa complex of Shigella flexneri promotes entry into mammalian cells | PNASThe secreted Ipa complex of Shigella flexneri promotes entry into mammalian cells | PNAS
Shigella flexneri Serotype 3 Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men --- Chicago, Illinois, 2003--2004Shigella flexneri Serotype 3 Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men --- Chicago, Illinois, 2003--2004
RCSB PDB - 3TV9: Crystal Structure of Putative Peptide Maturation Protein from Shigella flexneriRCSB PDB - 3TV9: Crystal Structure of Putative Peptide Maturation Protein from Shigella flexneri
Neutrophil Antimicrobial Proteins Enhance Shigella Flexneri Adhesion and InvasionNeutrophil Antimicrobial Proteins Enhance Shigella Flexneri Adhesion and Invasion
KEGG PATHWAY: Metabolic pathways - Shigella flexneri 2002017 (serotype Fxv)KEGG PATHWAY: Metabolic pathways - Shigella flexneri 2002017 (serotype Fxv)
Temperature Depended Role of Shigella flexneri Invasion Plasmid on the Interaction with Acanthamoeba castellaniiTemperature Depended Role of Shigella flexneri Invasion Plasmid on the Interaction with Acanthamoeba castellanii
Expression of hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores by Shigella flexneri. | Journal of BacteriologyExpression of hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores by Shigella flexneri. | Journal of Bacteriology
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens | HTMLViruses | Free Full-Text | Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens | HTML
Shigella flexneri | Antimicrobial Agents and ChemotherapyShigella flexneri | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Shigella flexneri | definition of Shigella flexneri by Medical dictionaryShigella flexneri | definition of Shigella flexneri by Medical dictionary
Comparison of the invasion strategies used by Salmonella cholerae-suis, Shigella flexneri and Yersinia enterocolitica to enter...Comparison of the invasion strategies used by Salmonella cholerae-suis, Shigella flexneri and Yersinia enterocolitica to enter...
Characterization of host and bacterial factors critical for Shigella flexneri pathogenesisCharacterization of host and bacterial factors critical for Shigella flexneri pathogenesis
Systems-Level Overview of Host Protein Phosphorylation During Shigella flexneri Infection Revealed by Phosphoproteomics |...Systems-Level Overview of Host Protein Phosphorylation During Shigella flexneri Infection Revealed by Phosphoproteomics |...
Spa15 of Shigella Flexneri, a Third Type of Chaperone in the Type III Secretion PathwaySpa15 of Shigella Flexneri, a Third Type of Chaperone in the Type III Secretion Pathway
Functional genomics of serotype-converting bacteriophages of Shigella flexneri | RSBFunctional genomics of serotype-converting bacteriophages of Shigella flexneri | RSB
In vivo apoptosis in Shigella flexneri infections. | Infection and ImmunityIn vivo apoptosis in Shigella flexneri infections. | Infection and Immunity
Table 1 - Multidrug-Resistant Atypical Variants of Shigella flexneri in China - Volume 19, Number 7-July 2013 - Emerging...Table 1 - Multidrug-Resistant Atypical Variants of Shigella flexneri in China - Volume 19, Number 7-July 2013 - Emerging...
Azithromycin-Nonsusceptible Shigella flexneri 3a in Men Who Have Sex with Men, Taiwan, 2015-2016 - Volume 23, Number 2-February...Azithromycin-Nonsusceptible Shigella flexneri 3a in Men Who Have Sex with Men, Taiwan, 2015-2016 - Volume 23, Number 2-February...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Shigella flexneriShigellaDysentery, BacillaryShigella sonneiShigella dysenteriaeShigella boydiiShigella VaccinesKeratoconjunctivitisO AntigensBacterial ProteinsVirulenceCongo RedAntigens, BacterialPlasmidsGenes, BacterialEscherichia coliVirulence FactorsSerotypingHeLa CellsBacterial VaccinesDNA, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMolecular Sequence DataBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsRhamnoseDiarrheaFecesDysenteryPlesiomonasLipopolysaccharidesAntibodies, BacterialSuccinic AnhydridesSalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumPubMedPeriodicals as TopicBooksPublishingAcanthamoebaContainment of BiohazardsCommunicable DiseasesAcetylesteraseTriacetinEsterasesTrioleinbeta-GalactosidaseSequence Analysis, DNAReduced Folate Carrier ProteinBacteriologyBRCA1 ProteinBRCA2 ProteinRecombination, GeneticCellular Apoptosis Susceptibility ProteinBloom SyndromeRad51 Recombinase
IsolatesStrainsAbstractInfectionDysenteriaeBacteriaStrainPathogensPathogenMultidrug-resistantResistanceCharacterizationInfectionsSusceptibilitySpeciesGenePathogenicity IslandEscherichiaBoydiiLipopolysaccharideShigellosis due to ShigellaColiCauses bacillary dysenteryInvasionSerotype 5aPathogenesisVirulence plasmidGram-negativeDysenteryIcsASerotypesYersiniaInducesAntigenCells
Isolates3
Strains2
  • We identified 3 atypical Shigella flexneri varieties in China, including 92 strains with multidrug resistance, distinct pulse types, and a novel sequence type. (cdc.gov)
  • Serological researches on serum and mucus in Shigellosis, Salmonellosis and other bacterial enteric infectious diseases during the period of 1 October 1962 through 31 December 1962 are summarized as follows: The cross Latex agglutination test Shigella flexneri v-x and Shigella flexneri v-y infected cases using both standard strains showed that the Latex agglutinin titers against Shigella flexneri v-y strain were higher than against Shigella flexneri v-x strain. (dtic.mil)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "We report here on the first identification of Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c in China. (elsevier.com)
Infection4
Dysenteriae2
Bacteria3
  • The majority of Enterobactericeae family bacteria, including Salmonella , E. coli and Shigella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virulence gene icsA of Shigella flexneri encodes an invasion protein crucial for host colonization by pathogenic bacteria. (unicam.it)
  • Now, a team led by Dr Thomas Connor from the School of Biosciences and Professor Nick Thomson from The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute have used the latest genomic techniques to reveal more about the bacteria Shigella flexneri , known as a leading cause of the disease. (healthcanal.com)
Strain5
Pathogens2
Pathogen1
Multidrug-resistant1
Resistance2
Characterization1
Infections2
  • We have also demonstrated that SigA is cytopathic for HEp-2 cells and plays a role in the intestinal fluid accumulation associated with S. flexneri infections. (edu.au)
  • Conclusions This work shows that SigA binds to epithelial HEp-2 cells as well as being able to induce fodrin degradation in vitro and in situ, further extending its documented role in the pathogenesis of Shigella infections. (edu.au)
Susceptibility1
  • According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests, all 26 Shigella flexneri 2a serotypes were resistant to cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)
Species2
Gene6
  • Spontaneous insertion of an IS1-like element into the virF gene is responsible for avirulence in opaque colonial variants of Shigella flexneri 2a. (atcc.org)
  • M13772 Shigella flexneri 2B crp gene encoding catabolite gene activator protein, complete cds. (atcc.org)
  • A comparison of the S. flexneri rfc gene and protein product with other rfc and rfc-like proteins revealed that they have a similarly low percentage of G + C content and have similar codon usage, and all have a high percentage of rare codons. (asm.org)
  • An attempt to identify the S. flexneri Rfc protein was unsuccessful, although proteins encoded upstream and downstream of the rfc gene could be identified. (asm.org)
  • It was the goal of this research to examine the roles of iscSUA and suf , gene systems predicted to encode for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis proteins, in Shigella surviving exposure to oxidative stress agents and during Shigella invasion and plaque formation in a human colon cell line. (richmond.edu)
  • flexneri (determined by keratoconjunctival test) of transmission of different alleles of the stra-gene (a1, a2, a40, a60). (liverpool.ac.uk)
Pathogenicity Island1
  • Background We have previously shown that the enterotoxin SigA which resides on the she pathogenicity island (PAI) of S. flexneri 2a is an autonomously secreted serine protease capable of degrading casein. (edu.au)
Escherichia2
Boydii1
Lipopolysaccharide2
Shigellosis due to Shigella1
  • A03.1 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri. (icd.codes)
Coli1
Causes bacillary dysentery1
Invasion2
Serotype 5a1
Pathogenesis3
  • The pathogenesis of S. flexneri is based on the bacteria's ability to invade and replicate within the colonic epithelium, which results in severe inflammation and epithelial destruction. (nih.gov)
  • Since the 1940s vaccines for S. flexneri have been developed with little success, however, the growing understanding of S. flexneri's pathogenesis and the host's immune response is assisting in the generation of more refined vaccine strategies. (nih.gov)
  • There are several aspects of Shigella pathogenesis that are not well understood, including a number of genetic and cellular changes that allow Shigella to adapt to stresses encountered while invading and replicating within the eukaryotic cytosol. (richmond.edu)
Virulence plasmid1
Gram-negative1
Dysentery4
IcsA2
  • This process requires the asymmetrical expression of the ActA surface protein in L. monocytogenes and the IcsA (VirG) surface protein in S. flexneri. (pasteur.fr)
  • However, actin dynamics (actin filament distribution and filament half-lives) were similar in IcsA- and ActA-induced actin tails suggesting that by using unrelated surface molecules, L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri move intracellularly by interacting with the same host cytoskeleton components or by interfering with the same host cell signal transduction pathway. (pasteur.fr)
Serotypes1
  • Our findings show that major lineages of S. flexneri are able to switch between serotypes and thereby evade the protective effect of serotype-based vaccination approaches," according to Professor Nick Thomson, senior author from The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. (healthcanal.com)
Yersinia1
Induces1
  • Shigella induces a blossom-like membrane structure consisting of membrane sheaths that coalesce above and thus internalize the invasive microorganism. (hu-berlin.de)
Antigen1
  • We have isolated S. flexneri mutants which produce a semi-rough LPS by using an O-antigen-specific phage, Sf6c. (asm.org)
Cells3
The architect of the biofilm | Nature Reviews Microbiology
The architect of the biofilm | Nature Reviews Microbiology (nature.com)
Visualization of the type III secretion sorting platform of Shigella flexneri | PNAS
Visualization of the type III secretion sorting platform of Shigella flexneri | PNAS (pnas.org)
Macrophage-pathogen interactions in infectious diseases: new therapeutic insights from the zebrafish host model | Disease...
Macrophage-pathogen interactions in infectious diseases: new therapeutic insights from the zebrafish host model | Disease... (dmm.biologists.org)
The secreted Ipa complex of Shigella flexneri promotes entry into mammalian cells | PNAS
The secreted Ipa complex of Shigella flexneri promotes entry into mammalian cells | PNAS (pnas.org)
RCSB PDB - 3TV9: Crystal Structure of Putative Peptide Maturation Protein from Shigella flexneri
RCSB PDB - 3TV9: Crystal Structure of Putative Peptide Maturation Protein from Shigella flexneri (rcsb.org)
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens | HTML
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens | HTML (mdpi.com)
Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks - United States, 1998-2008
Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks - United States, 1998-2008 (cdc.gov)
Expression of hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores by Shigella flexneri. | Journal of Bacteriology
Expression of hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores by Shigella flexneri. | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Other Health Events Associated with Recreational Water --- United States,...
Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Other Health Events Associated with Recreational Water --- United States,... (cdc.gov)
Shigella flexneri Serotype 3 Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men --- Chicago, Illinois, 2003--2004
Shigella flexneri Serotype 3 Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men --- Chicago, Illinois, 2003--2004 (cdc.gov)
The Shigella flexneri effector OspG interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes | PNAS
The Shigella flexneri effector OspG interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes | PNAS (pnas.org)
Streptococcus pyogenes | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine
Streptococcus pyogenes | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine (greenmedinfo.com)
Category:Shigella - Wikimedia Commons
Category:Shigella - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Reactive Arthritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Reactive Arthritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Surveillance for Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks --- United States, 1999--2000
Surveillance for Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks --- United States, 1999--2000 (cdc.gov)
Free D -amino acids produced by commensal bacteria in the colonic lumen | Scientific Reports
Free D -amino acids produced by commensal bacteria in the colonic lumen | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Requirement for YaeT in the Outer Membrane Assembly of Autotransporter Proteins | Journal of Bacteriology
Requirement for YaeT in the Outer Membrane Assembly of Autotransporter Proteins | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
Sideromycins: tools and antibiotics | SpringerLink
Sideromycins: tools and antibiotics | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen | eLife
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen | eLife (elifesciences.org)
Publications, Data, & Statistics | Shigella - Shigellosis | CDC
Publications, Data, & Statistics | Shigella - Shigellosis | CDC (cdc.gov)
2OTD THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE FROM SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A | 2OTD_B | P15056 | BRAF |...
2OTD THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE FROM SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A | 2OTD_B | P15056 | BRAF |... (cansarblack.icr.ac.uk)
DailyMed - SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AND TRIMETHOPRIM tablet
DailyMed - SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AND TRIMETHOPRIM tablet (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Injection, USP
Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Injection, USP (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Tablets, USP
Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Tablets, USP (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
CIPROFLOXACIN TABLETS, USP
CIPROFLOXACIN TABLETS, USP (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)