Shigella
Shigella flexneri
Shigella dysenteriae
Dysentery, Bacillary
Shigella boydii
Shigella Vaccines
O Antigens
Salmonella
Diarrhea
Virulence
Escherichia coli
Feces
Shiga Toxins
Serotyping
Congo Red
Plasmids
Enterobacteriaceae
Virulence Factors
Dysentery
Escherichia
Plesiomonas
Molecular Sequence Data
HeLa Cells
Bacterial Toxins
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
Bacterial Vaccines
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Ampicillin
Nalidixic Acid
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Lipopolysaccharides
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Base Sequence
Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not Listeria or Shigella. (1/669)
Studies of the actin-based motility of pathogens have provided important insights into the events occurring at the leading edge of motile cells [1] [2] [3]. To date, several actin-cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been implicated in the motility of Listeria or Shigella: vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), vinculin and the actin-related protein complex of Arp2 and Arp3 [4] [5] [6] [7]. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of actin-tail assembly, we examined the localization of components of the actin cytoskeleton including Arp3, VASP, vinculin and zyxin during vaccinia, Listeria and Shigella infections. The most striking difference between the systems was that a phosphotyrosine signal was observed only at the site of vaccinia actin-tail assembly. Micro-injection experiments demonstrated that a phosphotyrosine protein plays an important role in vaccinia actin-tail formation. In addition, we observed a phosphotyrosine signal on clathrin-coated vesicles that have associated actin-tail-like structures and on endogenous vesicles in Xenopus egg extracts which are able to nucleate actin tails [8] [9]. Our observations indicate that a host phosphotyrosine protein is required for the nucleation of actin filaments by vaccinia and suggest that this phosphoprotein might be associated with cellular membranes that can nucleate actin. (+info)Interactions between vaccinia virus IEV membrane proteins and their roles in IEV assembly and actin tail formation. (2/669)
The intracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus (IEV) induces the formation of actin tails that are strikingly similar to those seen in Listeria and Shigella infections. In contrast to the case for Listeria and Shigella, the vaccinia virus protein(s) responsible for directly initiating actin tail formation remains obscure. However, previous studies with recombinant vaccinia virus strains have suggested that the IEV-specific proteins A33R, A34R, A36R, B5R, and F13L play an undefined role in actin tail formation. In this study we have sought to understand how these proteins, all of which are predicted to have small cytoplasmic domains, are involved in IEV assembly and actin tail formation. Our data reveal that while deletion of A34R, B5R, or F13L resulted in a severe reduction in IEV particle assembly, IEVs formed by the DeltaB5R and DeltaF13L deletion strains, but not DeltaA34R, were still able to induce actin tails. The DeltaA36R deletion strain produced normal amounts of IEV particles, although these were unable to induce actin tails. Using several different approaches, we demonstrated that A36R is a type Ib membrane protein with a large, 195-amino-acid cytoplasmic domain exposed on the surface of IEV particles. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that A36R interacts with A33R and A34R but not with B5R and that B5R forms a complex with A34R but not with A33R or A36R. Using extracts from DeltaA34R- and DeltaA36R-infected cells, we found that the interaction of A36R with A33R and that of A34R with B5R are independent of A34R and A36R, respectively. We conclude from our observations that multiple interactions between IEV membrane proteins exist which have important implications for IEV assembly and actin tail formation. Furthermore, these data suggest that while A34R is involved in IEV assembly and organization, A36R is critical for actin tail formation. (+info)Host cell death due to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli has features of apoptosis. (3/669)
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a cause of prolonged watery diarrhea in children in developing countries. The ability of EPEC to kill host cells was investigated in vitro in assays using two human cultured cell lines, HeLa (cervical) and T84 (colonic). EPEC killed epithelial cells as assessed by permeability to the vital dyes trypan blue and propidium iodide. In addition, EPEC triggered changes in the host cell, suggesting apoptosis as the mode of death; such changes included early expression of phosphatidylserine on the host cell surface and internucleosomal cleavage of host cell DNA. Genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, and wortmannin, an inhibitor of host phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, markedly increased EPEC-induced cell death and enhanced the features of apoptosis. EPEC-induced cell death was contact dependent and required adherence of live bacteria to the host cell. A quantitative assay for EPEC-induced cell death was developed by using the propidium iodide uptake method adapted to a fluorescence plate reader. With EPEC, the rate and extent of host cell death were less that what has been reported for Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, three other genera of enteric bacteria known to cause apoptosis. However, rapid apoptosis of the host cell may not favor the pathogenic strategy of EPEC, a mucosa-adhering, noninvasive pathogen. (+info)Safety and immunogenicity of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2a O-specific polysaccharide conjugates in children. (4/669)
O-specific polysaccharide conjugates of shigellae were safe and immunogenic in young adults, and a Shigella sonnei conjugate conferred protection [1-3]. Shigellosis is primarily a disease of children; therefore, the safety and immunogenicity of S. sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2a conjugates were studied in 4- to 7-year-old children. Local and systemic reactions were minimal. The first injection of both conjugates elicited significant rises in geometric mean levels of serum IgG only to the homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (S. sonnei, 0.32-8.25 ELISA units [EU]; S. flexneri 2a, 1.15-20.5 EU; P<.0001). Revaccination at 6 weeks induced a booster response to S. flexneri 2a LPS (20.5-30.5 EU, P=.003). Six months later, the geometric mean levels of IgG anti-LPS for both groups were higher than the prevaccination levels (P<.0001). Similar, but lesser, rises were observed for IgM and IgA anti-LPS. The investigational Shigella conjugates were safe and immunogenic in children and merit evaluation of their efficacy. (+info)IpaC induces actin polymerization and filopodia formation during Shigella entry into epithelial cells. (5/669)
Shigella proteins that are targeted to host cells by a type III secretion apparatus are essential for reorganization of the cytoskeleton during cell invasion. We have developed a semi-permeabilized cell assay that tests the effects of bacterial proteins on the actin cytoskeleton. The Shigella IpaC protein was found to induce the formation of filopodial and lamellipodial extensions in these semi-permeabilized cells. Microinjection of IpaC into cells, or cellular expression of IpaC also led to the formation of filopodial structures. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the C-terminus of IpaC inhibited the IpaC-induced extensions, whereas an anti-N-terminal IpaC mAb stimulated extensive lamellae formation. Shigella induced foci of actin polymerization in the permeabilized cells and these were inhibited by anti-C-terminal IpaC mAbs. Consistent with a role for IpaC in Shigella-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements during entry, stable transfectants expressing IpaC challenged with Shigella showed increased bacterial internalization. IpaC-induced extensions were inhibited by a dominant-interfering form of Cdc42 or the Cdc42-binding domain of WASP, whereas a dominant-interfering form of Rac resulted in inhibition of lamellae formation. We conclude that IpaC leads to activation of Cdc42 which in turn, causes activation of Rac, both GTPases being required for Shigella entry. (+info)Shigellosis and Escherichia coli diarrhea: relative importance of invasive and toxigenic mechanisms. (6/669)
Shigellae and dysentery-like Escherichia coli must invade the epithelium of the colon to cause disease which can present as dysentery, diarrhea, or both. This paper addresses the possible role of a Shigella dysenteriae-like (Shiga-like) toxin in the pathogenesis of shigellosis and E. coli diarrheal diseases. The possibility for such a role is suggested by the following observations: 1) diarrhea, considered to be a result of secretion of water by the small bowel, is frequently observed in shigellosis, a large bowel disease. 2) Even though shigellae do not invade the jejunum of monkeys fed Shigella flexneri, jejunal secretion is seen in animals with diarrhea. 3) The Shiga toxin of S. dysenteriae has enterotoxic activity and other serotypes of shigellae produce Shiga-like toxins. 4) E. coli 015 RDEC-1 causes a diarrheal disease and frequently death in young rabbits. This organism neither produces E. coli enterotoxins nor is it invasive, but it may produce low levels of a Shiga-like toxin. (+info)Interaction of Shiga toxins with human brain microvascular endothelial cells: cytokines as sensitizing agents. (7/669)
Neurologic abnormalities are among the most serious extraintestinal complications of infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing bacteria. Histopathologic examination of tissues from patients with extraintestinal sequelae suggested that Stxs damage endothelial cells. It is shown here that human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) are relatively resistant to purified Stxs (50% cytotoxic doses [CD50s] >/=10 microgram/mL). Pretreatment of HBMECs with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, n-butyric acid, or a cAMP analogue resulted in a 103- to 104-fold decrease in CD50 values and a 2- to 4-fold increase in fluoresceinated Stx binding to HBMECs. Treatment of HBMECs with lipopolysaccharides did not significantly alter cytotoxicity or toxin binding. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta treatment was associated with the increased HBMEC expression of the toxin-binding glycolipid globotriaosylceramide. HBMECs did not produce IL-1beta and produced only trace amounts of TNF-alpha when stimulated with purified Stx1 in vitro. (+info)Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania. (8/669)
Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into four groups, by either PFGE or REP-PCR, with 51, 17, 7, and 3 strains. The four strains of Shigella dysenteriae belonged to the same group, and the four strains of Shigella sonnei were distributed in two groups with three and one strain each. Plasmid analysis showed a high level of heterogeneity among strains belonging to the same PFGE group, while the antibiogram was less discriminative. REP-PCR provided an alternative, rapid, powerful genotyping method for Shigella spp. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (81.8%), chloramphenicol (72.7%), tetracycline (96.9%), and co-trimoxazole (87.9%). Ampicillin resistance was related to an integron-borne OXA-1-type beta-lactamase in 85.1% of the cases and to a TEM-1-type beta-lactamase in the remaining 14.8%. Resistance to co-trimoxazole was due to the presence of a dhfr Ia gene in all groups except one of S. flexneri, where a dhfr VII gene was found within an integron. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated in every case with positive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. All strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. Therefore, these antimicrobial agents may be good alternatives for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in Tanzania. (+info)The diagnosis of bacillary dysentery is based on a combination of clinical findings and laboratory tests, such as fecal cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can shorten the duration of diarrhea and reduce the risk of complications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage dehydration and other complications.
Prevention measures include maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after using the bathroom or before handling food, and avoiding contaminated water or food. Vaccines are also available for some types of Shigella infections.
Symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis may include redness and discharge in both eyes, itching or burning sensations in the eyes, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Treatment options for keratoconjunctivitis depend on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotic eye drops, anti-inflammatory medication, or topical creams or ointments.
In severe cases, keratoconjunctivitis can lead to complications such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, or vision loss if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis.
There are several types of diarrhea, including:
1. Acute diarrhea: This type of diarrhea is short-term and usually resolves on its own within a few days. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, food poisoning, or medication side effects.
2. Chronic diarrhea: This type of diarrhea persists for more than 4 weeks and can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or celiac disease.
3. Diarrhea-predominant IBS: This type of diarrhea is characterized by frequent, loose stools and abdominal pain or discomfort. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods.
4. Infectious diarrhea: This type of diarrhea is caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection and can be spread through contaminated food and water, close contact with an infected person, or by consuming contaminated food.
Symptoms of diarrhea may include:
* Frequent, loose, and watery stools
* Abdominal cramps and pain
* Bloating and gas
* Nausea and vomiting
* Fever and chills
* Headache
* Fatigue and weakness
Diagnosis of diarrhea is typically made through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms. Treatment for diarrhea depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, anti-diarrheal medications, fluid replacement, and dietary changes. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat any complications.
Prevention of diarrhea includes:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and thoroughly, especially after using the bathroom or before preparing food
* Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Properly storing and cooking food to prevent contamination
* Drinking safe water and avoiding contaminated water sources
* Avoiding raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and seafood
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can cause diarrhea
Complications of diarrhea can include:
* Dehydration: Diarrhea can lead to a loss of fluids and electrolytes, which can cause dehydration. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
* Electrolyte imbalance: Diarrhea can also cause an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, which can lead to serious complications.
* Inflammation of the intestines: Prolonged diarrhea can cause inflammation of the intestines, which can lead to abdominal pain and other complications.
* Infections: Diarrhea can be a symptom of an infection, such as a bacterial or viral infection. If left untreated, these infections can lead to serious complications.
* Malnutrition: Prolonged diarrhea can lead to malnutrition and weight loss, which can have long-term effects on health and development.
Treatment of diarrhea will depend on the underlying cause, but may include:
* Fluid replacement: Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and replace lost electrolytes.
* Anti-diarrheal medications: Over-the-counter or prescription medications to slow down bowel movements and reduce diarrhea.
* Antibiotics: If the diarrhea is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.
* Rest: Getting plenty of rest to allow the body to recover from the illness.
* Dietary changes: Avoiding certain foods or making dietary changes to help manage symptoms and prevent future episodes of diarrhea.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
* Severe diarrhea that lasts for more than 3 days
* Diarrhea that is accompanied by fever, blood in the stool, or abdominal pain
* Diarrhea that is severe enough to cause dehydration or electrolyte imbalances
* Diarrhea that is not responding to treatment
Prevention of diarrhea includes:
* Good hand hygiene: Washing your hands frequently, especially after using the bathroom or before preparing food.
* Safe food handling: Cooking and storing food properly to prevent contamination.
* Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can cause diarrhea, such as rotavirus.
Overall, while diarrhea can be uncomfortable and disruptive, it is usually a minor illness that can be treated at home with over-the-counter medications and plenty of fluids. However, if you experience severe or persistent diarrhea, it is important to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying conditions that may require more formal treatment.
1. Bacterial dysentery: This type of dysentery is caused by bacteria such as Shigella or Salmonella and is typically spread through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and blood in the stool.
2. Amebic dysentery: This type of dysentery is caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica and is typically spread through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool.
Dysentery can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as stool samples or blood tests. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial dysentery and antiparasitic medication for amebic dysentery. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Prevention measures for dysentery include:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Avoiding contaminated food and water
* Properly storing and preparing food to prevent bacterial growth
* Avoiding risky behaviors such as anal sex, which can increase the risk of contracting amebic dysentery.
The prognosis for dysentery is generally good if treated promptly and effectively. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potentially life-threatening infections.
Shigella
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella boydii
Anal sex
Meat spoilage
Eosin methylene blue
Reactive arthritis
Diarrhea
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Ceftibuten
Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein
Travelers' diarrhea
John Boyd (bacteriologist)
Gategroup
Intralytix
Kiyoshi Shiga
Phage monographs
Charles Arthur Stuart
Agar plate
Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation
Gastroenteritis
Sexually transmitted infection
Lysogeny broth
Simon Flexner
Welton Taylor
XLD agar
Prostate cancer
Fleroxacin
Просмотр по теме "Shigella dysenteriae"
AHS investigating Shigella outbreak in Edmonton Zone | Alberta Health Services
seqA/Shigella sonnei | Gene Target - PubChem
RCSB PDB - 3C8H: Crystal structure of the enterobactin esterase FES from Shigella flexneri in the presence of 2,3-Di-hydroxy-N...
WHO EMRO | Shigella dysentery and shigella infections | Volume 2, issue 1 | EMHJ volume 2, 1996
Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella, E. coli O157:H7 and Yersinia are down in new...
CDC warns of rise in drug-resistant shigella cases
Brote de Shigella en una cafetería en Bélgica causado por un empleado | barfblog
Inactivated Shigella as Effective Vaccines and Vaccine Vectors | NIH Research Festival
The Use of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC-0032 and Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 to Suppress the Population of Salmonella -...
Shigella species (bacillary dyentary) - Cancer Therapy Advisor
Shigella - NIH Director's Blog
2023 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code A03.1: Shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri
Hybridization between Escherichia coli and Shigella - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine
Shigella isolates | ESR
Shigellosis (Shigella spp.)| CDC
Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium, April to August 200836530 |...
Lavaca County Shigella Outbreak
Antimicrobial Resistance Threats | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE » Laboratory Hub
Shigella Lawyer in San Jose | Shigellosis Food Poisoning
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Probe To Identify Enteroinvasive E. coli And Shigella Species | Technology Transfer
Development of Shigella conjugate vaccines targeting Shigella flexneri 2a and S. flexneri 3a using a simple platform-approach...
Improving bacterial strain classification for more effective surveillance | Institut Pasteur
Infection12
- Shigella infection is spread usually by contaminated food and, less frequently, by water. (who.int)
- The availability of large volumes of safe water is important for the prevention and control of shigella infection. (who.int)
- Shigella infection is common among school-aged children in Great Britain. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- Food handlers with documented Shigella infection should not handle food until their stool culture is negative. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- Given all of the above the low numbers noted for the year suggest that Shigella infection is more associated with overseas travel than previously thought - just 12 isolates were received between June and December 2020 compared with 97 isolates for the same time period in 2019. (cwp.govt.nz)
- In the beginning of April 2008 three cases of Shigella sonnei infection were identified among the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium. (sciensano.be)
- If you are currently experiencing symptoms of shigella infection, visit your doctor to get tested. (makefoodsafe.com)
- One of the most serious and potentially fatal sicknesses a person can contract from eating tainted food is a Shigella infection. (vanderwalde.com)
- What is a Shigella Infection? (vanderwalde.com)
- There is a need for vaccines effective against shigella infection in young children in resource -limited areas. (bvsalud.org)
- Protective immunity against shigella infection targets the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide . (bvsalud.org)
- Bloody diarrhea suggests infection with Shigella or enterohemorrhagic E coli . (medscape.com)
Shigellosis8
- In addition to endemic shigellosis, some countries (such as the Republic of Yemen) have reported in recent years large epidemics of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), which is characterized by a particularly high case fatality rate, extreme debility in survivors and an increasing number of multiple drug-resistant strains. (who.int)
- This highlights that the vast majority (if not all) Shigellae isolated in NZ are imported: - Our borders closed mid-2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic response (shigellosis case numbers dwindled in the latter half of that year) and remained closed for the entirety of 2021. (cwp.govt.nz)
- People can become sick with shigellosis by eating or drinking the shigella bacteria, by touching something contaminated with the bacteria and then touching the mouth, or through contact with bacteria during sex. (makefoodsafe.com)
- Shigellosis (Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
- Were You Infected with Shigella/Shigellosis? (vanderwalde.com)
- Shigella, the causing agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis, bears a set of T3SS proteins termed translocators that form a pore in the host cell membrane. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- CDC continues to receive new reports of infections with Shigella strains that are not susceptible to ciprofloxacin and/or azithromycin, the antimicrobial agents most commonly used to treat shigellosis. (cdc.gov)
- Information about revisions to CDC's Shigella website on shigellosis prevention among MSM. (cdc.gov)
Multidrug-resistant1
- In 2015, the agency issued a warning regarding multidrug-resistant Shigella that was beginning to spread in the U.S., brought in by international travelers. (wsav.com)
Escherichia2
- Shigellae and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remain major causes of diarrhea among children in developing countries and travelers to these areas. (nih.gov)
- To evaluate progress toward prevention of enteric infections in the United States, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts active population-based surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed infections caused by Campylobacter , Cyclospora , Listeria , Salmonella , Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Shigella, Vibrio , and Yersinia at 10 U.S. sites. (cdc.gov)
Infections2
Sonnei2
- High case fatality rates (5% and above) may be associated with any of the four species of shigella ( S. dysenteriae type 1, S. flexneri , S. boydii and S. sonnei ) present in the Region, but very high case fatality rates (over 10%) have been observed only in Sd1 epidemics. (who.int)
- An effective shigella vaccine will need to be multivalent, targeting the most common global species and serotypes such as Shigella flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, and S. sonnei. (bvsalud.org)
Species1
- This invention describes DNA probes for enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella species, including the sequence of the 2.5 kb fragment (SmaII and Falkow's) on which the probe is based. (nih.gov)
Outbreak2
- EDMONTON - Alberta Health Services (AHS) is notifying the public about an ongoing investigation into a Shigella outbreak in the Edmonton Zone. (albertahealthservices.ca)
- A Shigella outbreak in England in 2021 has been linked to spring onions imported from Egypt. (foodsafetynews.com)
Antimicrobial1
- Journal of Medical Microbiology DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.000779 Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella dysenteriae isolated from travellers returning to the UK, 2004-2017]. (cwp.govt.nz)
Salmonella Shigella3
- However, the decreasing amount of salt will lead to the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella - Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae. (atlantis-press.com)
- The results showed the use of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC-0032 (1.48 log CFU/gram to zero) with 25% and 30% salts compared to controls (without the application of Pediococcus sp)) and Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 could reduce the number of Salmonella Shigella bacteria. (atlantis-press.com)
- Compared to the control treatment, use of Pediococcus sp with 25% and 30% salinity (3.48 log CFU/gram to 2.0 log CFU/gram) could reduce the number of Enterobacteriaceaethe amount of Salmonella - Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae tended to be stable (on 2.0 log CFU/gram) with the treatment of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC-0032 and Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 application at 20% salinity. (atlantis-press.com)
Isolates2
- The majority of Shigella isolates were typed using phenotypic methods but four also underwent whole genome sequencing to assist in identification. (cwp.govt.nz)
- These Shigella dysenteriae were evaluated in comparison with previous NZ isolates and four isolates from 2018 and 2019 were subsequently confirmed as Shigella dysenteriae serotype E112707/96 ST148. (cwp.govt.nz)
Coli2
- Although Campylobacter , Listeria , Salmonella , Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella , E. coli O157:H7 and Yersinia are down that does not seem to justify a late Friday night posting on the CDC's website. (marlerblog.com)
- These methods are expensive, time-consuming, difficult to use, and have not been able to distinguish between nonvirulent enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella. (nih.gov)
Susceptibility1
- ABSTRACT In this study, the serogroup and susceptibility patterns of Shigella and Salmonella spp. (who.int)
Bacteria can cause2
- Shigella bacteria can cause diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. (cdc.gov)
- Eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with Shigella bacteria can cause you to contract the illness and exhibit various debilitating symptoms. (vanderwalde.com)
Strains1
- are readily transmitted via food, water, environmental contacts, pets and from Culture and identification of strains person to person, with morbidity rates in Frozen Shigella and Salmonella strains developing countries 3-to-6-fold higher were subcultured on MacConkey agar than in developed countries [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Flexneri 2a3
- Shigella flexneri 2a str. (rcsb.org)
- Development of Shigella conjugate vaccines targeting Shigella flexneri 2a and S. flexneri 3a using a simple platform-approach conjugation by squaric acid chemistry. (bvsalud.org)
- Here we report the development of shigella conjugate vaccines (SCV) targeting S. flexneri 2a (SCV-Sf2a) and 3a (SCV-Sf3a) using squaric acid chemistry to result in single point sun -burst type display of OSP from carrier protein rTTHc, a 52 kDa recombinant protein fragment of the heavy chain of tetanus toxoid . (bvsalud.org)
Serotype1
- Atypical va- from S. flexneri serotype X variant (SFxv), which was rieties were prevalent mainly in developed regions, and 1 recently reported in China ( 8 ), because it reacted with variant has become the dominant Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics1
- WASHINGTON ( NewsNation ) - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) issued an alert Friday warning of the spread of a strain of the shigella bacteria that appears to be resistant to antibiotics. (wsav.com)
Diarrhea1
- Shigella is a disease that's commonly associated with diarrhea, as well as fever, nausea and stomach cramps. (albertahealthservices.ca)
Dysenterie1
- Le présent article examine le rôle de l'alimentation et de l'eau dans ce problème de santé majeur ainsi que le traitement antimicrobien de la dysenterie bacillaire due à Shigella , l'état de préparation et les mesures visant à juguler les épidémies causées par Shigella . (who.int)
Campylobacter1
- Because of the low innoculum required to cause disease, Shigella readily spread from person to person, while Salmonella and Campylobacter are primarily spread via contaminated foods or water. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
Vaccines1
- Our results support further development of this platform conjugation technology in the development of shigella conjugate vaccines for use in resource-limited settings . (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms1
- Anyone experiencing symptoms that might be related to Shigella or anyone with questions or concerns about their health is encouraged to speak with their healthcare provider or call Health Link at 811. (albertahealthservices.ca)
Prevention1
- This illustration made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows the Shigella bacteria. (wsav.com)
Deaths2
- The latest estimates amount to about a million total shigella cases annually with approximately 40 000 deaths (an average of 4% case fatality rate). (who.int)
- The latest regional estimates are a million total shigella cases annually with approximately 40 000 deaths (an average 4% case fatality rate). (who.int)
Susceptible1
- Shigella were susceptible to gentamicin (100%) and nalidixic acid (97.3%) and Shigella and Salmonella were 100.0% susceptible to norfloxacin. (who.int)
POPULATION1
- In August of this year, AHS identified a cluster of Shigella cases among the inner city population of Edmonton. (albertahealthservices.ca)
Strain1
- We show that these immune responses are protective as vaccinated animals can be protected 100% from challenge with the live homologous Shigella strain compared to negligible survival in mice given PBS. (nih.gov)
Bacterial1
- Invasive bacterial pathogens such as Shigella flexneri force their uptake into non-phagocytic host cells. (pasteur.fr)
Spread4
- However, we would like to remind people that proper hand hygiene helps to prevent the spread of many illnesses, including Shigella. (albertahealthservices.ca)
- Antibiotic treatment shortens symptomatic disease by 2 days and shortens the shedding of Shigella in the stools reducing person to person spread of the disease. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- In custodial institutions, mentally challenged individuals commonly carry fecal flora on their hands and the spread of Shigella has been documented despite adequate washrooms and attempts at good personal hygiene. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- Shigella can easily be contracted and spread as a result of unsanitary food handling practices, usually due to improper handwashing techniques following restroom usage. (vanderwalde.com)
Cases1
- Earlier this month, health officials in Colorado confirmed they had been monitoring Shigella cases , Nexstar's KSRM reports. (wsav.com)
Laboratory1
- Shigella isolate data from ESR's enteric reference laboratory. (cwp.govt.nz)
Case1
- However, with our borders remaining closed for the remainder of the year we have seen an ongoing reduction in Shigella case numbers compared with previous years. (cwp.govt.nz)
Type1
- Samples were screened for the presence of Shigella agglutinate with monovalent anti-II type antisera and mon- ovalent anti-3,4 and anti-7,8 group antisera. (cdc.gov)
RESISTANCE1
- Annotated bibliography on drug resistance of Shigella / editor-in-chief, Khaleda Haider. (who.int)
Total1
- 1992 to January 1993, a total of 76 Shigella under the age of 5 years who are at risk. (who.int)
Treatment1
- Shigella is difficult to control because it threatens available treatment options. (cdc.gov)
Amount1
- It only takes a small amount of shigella bacteria to make a person sick. (makefoodsafe.com)
Control1
- and control of epidemics due to shigella. (who.int)
People1
- To date, we have identified 87 people with Shigella, 64 of those people required hospitalizations. (albertahealthservices.ca)