Shigella
Shigella flexneri
Shigella dysenteriae
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).
Shigella boydii
Shigella Vaccines
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Salmonella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Diarrhea
Virulence
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Feces
Shiga Toxins
A class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction of ribosomal RNA; (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) with PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS. They include SHIGA TOXIN which is produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE and a variety of shiga-like toxins that are produced by pathologic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157.
Serotyping
Congo Red
Plasmids
Enterobacteriaceae
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Dysentery
Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.
Escherichia
Plesiomonas
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
HeLa Cells
Bacterial Toxins
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
Bacterial Vaccines
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Ampicillin
Nalidixic Acid
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Base Sequence
Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not Listeria or Shigella. (1/669)
Studies of the actin-based motility of pathogens have provided important insights into the events occurring at the leading edge of motile cells [1] [2] [3]. To date, several actin-cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been implicated in the motility of Listeria or Shigella: vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), vinculin and the actin-related protein complex of Arp2 and Arp3 [4] [5] [6] [7]. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of actin-tail assembly, we examined the localization of components of the actin cytoskeleton including Arp3, VASP, vinculin and zyxin during vaccinia, Listeria and Shigella infections. The most striking difference between the systems was that a phosphotyrosine signal was observed only at the site of vaccinia actin-tail assembly. Micro-injection experiments demonstrated that a phosphotyrosine protein plays an important role in vaccinia actin-tail formation. In addition, we observed a phosphotyrosine signal on clathrin-coated vesicles that have associated actin-tail-like structures and on endogenous vesicles in Xenopus egg extracts which are able to nucleate actin tails [8] [9]. Our observations indicate that a host phosphotyrosine protein is required for the nucleation of actin filaments by vaccinia and suggest that this phosphoprotein might be associated with cellular membranes that can nucleate actin. (+info)Interactions between vaccinia virus IEV membrane proteins and their roles in IEV assembly and actin tail formation. (2/669)
The intracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus (IEV) induces the formation of actin tails that are strikingly similar to those seen in Listeria and Shigella infections. In contrast to the case for Listeria and Shigella, the vaccinia virus protein(s) responsible for directly initiating actin tail formation remains obscure. However, previous studies with recombinant vaccinia virus strains have suggested that the IEV-specific proteins A33R, A34R, A36R, B5R, and F13L play an undefined role in actin tail formation. In this study we have sought to understand how these proteins, all of which are predicted to have small cytoplasmic domains, are involved in IEV assembly and actin tail formation. Our data reveal that while deletion of A34R, B5R, or F13L resulted in a severe reduction in IEV particle assembly, IEVs formed by the DeltaB5R and DeltaF13L deletion strains, but not DeltaA34R, were still able to induce actin tails. The DeltaA36R deletion strain produced normal amounts of IEV particles, although these were unable to induce actin tails. Using several different approaches, we demonstrated that A36R is a type Ib membrane protein with a large, 195-amino-acid cytoplasmic domain exposed on the surface of IEV particles. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that A36R interacts with A33R and A34R but not with B5R and that B5R forms a complex with A34R but not with A33R or A36R. Using extracts from DeltaA34R- and DeltaA36R-infected cells, we found that the interaction of A36R with A33R and that of A34R with B5R are independent of A34R and A36R, respectively. We conclude from our observations that multiple interactions between IEV membrane proteins exist which have important implications for IEV assembly and actin tail formation. Furthermore, these data suggest that while A34R is involved in IEV assembly and organization, A36R is critical for actin tail formation. (+info)Host cell death due to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli has features of apoptosis. (3/669)
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a cause of prolonged watery diarrhea in children in developing countries. The ability of EPEC to kill host cells was investigated in vitro in assays using two human cultured cell lines, HeLa (cervical) and T84 (colonic). EPEC killed epithelial cells as assessed by permeability to the vital dyes trypan blue and propidium iodide. In addition, EPEC triggered changes in the host cell, suggesting apoptosis as the mode of death; such changes included early expression of phosphatidylserine on the host cell surface and internucleosomal cleavage of host cell DNA. Genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, and wortmannin, an inhibitor of host phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, markedly increased EPEC-induced cell death and enhanced the features of apoptosis. EPEC-induced cell death was contact dependent and required adherence of live bacteria to the host cell. A quantitative assay for EPEC-induced cell death was developed by using the propidium iodide uptake method adapted to a fluorescence plate reader. With EPEC, the rate and extent of host cell death were less that what has been reported for Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, three other genera of enteric bacteria known to cause apoptosis. However, rapid apoptosis of the host cell may not favor the pathogenic strategy of EPEC, a mucosa-adhering, noninvasive pathogen. (+info)Safety and immunogenicity of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2a O-specific polysaccharide conjugates in children. (4/669)
O-specific polysaccharide conjugates of shigellae were safe and immunogenic in young adults, and a Shigella sonnei conjugate conferred protection [1-3]. Shigellosis is primarily a disease of children; therefore, the safety and immunogenicity of S. sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2a conjugates were studied in 4- to 7-year-old children. Local and systemic reactions were minimal. The first injection of both conjugates elicited significant rises in geometric mean levels of serum IgG only to the homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (S. sonnei, 0.32-8.25 ELISA units [EU]; S. flexneri 2a, 1.15-20.5 EU; P<.0001). Revaccination at 6 weeks induced a booster response to S. flexneri 2a LPS (20.5-30.5 EU, P=.003). Six months later, the geometric mean levels of IgG anti-LPS for both groups were higher than the prevaccination levels (P<.0001). Similar, but lesser, rises were observed for IgM and IgA anti-LPS. The investigational Shigella conjugates were safe and immunogenic in children and merit evaluation of their efficacy. (+info)IpaC induces actin polymerization and filopodia formation during Shigella entry into epithelial cells. (5/669)
Shigella proteins that are targeted to host cells by a type III secretion apparatus are essential for reorganization of the cytoskeleton during cell invasion. We have developed a semi-permeabilized cell assay that tests the effects of bacterial proteins on the actin cytoskeleton. The Shigella IpaC protein was found to induce the formation of filopodial and lamellipodial extensions in these semi-permeabilized cells. Microinjection of IpaC into cells, or cellular expression of IpaC also led to the formation of filopodial structures. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the C-terminus of IpaC inhibited the IpaC-induced extensions, whereas an anti-N-terminal IpaC mAb stimulated extensive lamellae formation. Shigella induced foci of actin polymerization in the permeabilized cells and these were inhibited by anti-C-terminal IpaC mAbs. Consistent with a role for IpaC in Shigella-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements during entry, stable transfectants expressing IpaC challenged with Shigella showed increased bacterial internalization. IpaC-induced extensions were inhibited by a dominant-interfering form of Cdc42 or the Cdc42-binding domain of WASP, whereas a dominant-interfering form of Rac resulted in inhibition of lamellae formation. We conclude that IpaC leads to activation of Cdc42 which in turn, causes activation of Rac, both GTPases being required for Shigella entry. (+info)Shigellosis and Escherichia coli diarrhea: relative importance of invasive and toxigenic mechanisms. (6/669)
Shigellae and dysentery-like Escherichia coli must invade the epithelium of the colon to cause disease which can present as dysentery, diarrhea, or both. This paper addresses the possible role of a Shigella dysenteriae-like (Shiga-like) toxin in the pathogenesis of shigellosis and E. coli diarrheal diseases. The possibility for such a role is suggested by the following observations: 1) diarrhea, considered to be a result of secretion of water by the small bowel, is frequently observed in shigellosis, a large bowel disease. 2) Even though shigellae do not invade the jejunum of monkeys fed Shigella flexneri, jejunal secretion is seen in animals with diarrhea. 3) The Shiga toxin of S. dysenteriae has enterotoxic activity and other serotypes of shigellae produce Shiga-like toxins. 4) E. coli 015 RDEC-1 causes a diarrheal disease and frequently death in young rabbits. This organism neither produces E. coli enterotoxins nor is it invasive, but it may produce low levels of a Shiga-like toxin. (+info)Interaction of Shiga toxins with human brain microvascular endothelial cells: cytokines as sensitizing agents. (7/669)
Neurologic abnormalities are among the most serious extraintestinal complications of infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing bacteria. Histopathologic examination of tissues from patients with extraintestinal sequelae suggested that Stxs damage endothelial cells. It is shown here that human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) are relatively resistant to purified Stxs (50% cytotoxic doses [CD50s] >/=10 microgram/mL). Pretreatment of HBMECs with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, n-butyric acid, or a cAMP analogue resulted in a 103- to 104-fold decrease in CD50 values and a 2- to 4-fold increase in fluoresceinated Stx binding to HBMECs. Treatment of HBMECs with lipopolysaccharides did not significantly alter cytotoxicity or toxin binding. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta treatment was associated with the increased HBMEC expression of the toxin-binding glycolipid globotriaosylceramide. HBMECs did not produce IL-1beta and produced only trace amounts of TNF-alpha when stimulated with purified Stx1 in vitro. (+info)Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania. (8/669)
Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into four groups, by either PFGE or REP-PCR, with 51, 17, 7, and 3 strains. The four strains of Shigella dysenteriae belonged to the same group, and the four strains of Shigella sonnei were distributed in two groups with three and one strain each. Plasmid analysis showed a high level of heterogeneity among strains belonging to the same PFGE group, while the antibiogram was less discriminative. REP-PCR provided an alternative, rapid, powerful genotyping method for Shigella spp. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (81.8%), chloramphenicol (72.7%), tetracycline (96.9%), and co-trimoxazole (87.9%). Ampicillin resistance was related to an integron-borne OXA-1-type beta-lactamase in 85.1% of the cases and to a TEM-1-type beta-lactamase in the remaining 14.8%. Resistance to co-trimoxazole was due to the presence of a dhfr Ia gene in all groups except one of S. flexneri, where a dhfr VII gene was found within an integron. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated in every case with positive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. All strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. Therefore, these antimicrobial agents may be good alternatives for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in Tanzania. (+info) Dysentery, Bacillary is a type of dysentery caused by the bacterium Shigella. It is characterized by inflammation of the intestine and diarrhea with blood and mucus. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, and tenesmus (painful straining during defecation). The infection is usually spread through contaminated food or water or person-to-person contact.
The diagnosis of bacillary dysentery is based on a combination of clinical findings and laboratory tests, such as fecal cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can shorten the duration of diarrhea and reduce the risk of complications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage dehydration and other complications.
Prevention measures include maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after using the bathroom or before handling food, and avoiding contaminated water or food. Vaccines are also available for some types of Shigella infections.
Keratoconjunctivitis refers to a condition where there is inflammation of both the cornea and conjunctiva, which are two structures in the eye that work together to maintain vision. The condition can be caused by various factors such as bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or exposure to chemicals.
Symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis may include redness and discharge in both eyes, itching or burning sensations in the eyes, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Treatment options for keratoconjunctivitis depend on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotic eye drops, anti-inflammatory medication, or topical creams or ointments.
In severe cases, keratoconjunctivitis can lead to complications such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, or vision loss if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis.
Diarrhea is a condition where an individual experiences frequent, loose, and watery bowel movements. It can be caused by a variety of factors, such as bacterial or viral infections, food poisoning, allergies, and certain medications. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not properly treated.
There are several types of diarrhea, including:
1. Acute diarrhea: This type of diarrhea is short-term and usually resolves on its own within a few days. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, food poisoning, or medication side effects.
2. Chronic diarrhea: This type of diarrhea persists for more than 4 weeks and can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or celiac disease.
3. Diarrhea-predominant IBS: This type of diarrhea is characterized by frequent, loose stools and abdominal pain or discomfort. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods.
4. Infectious diarrhea: This type of diarrhea is caused by a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection and can be spread through contaminated food and water, close contact with an infected person, or by consuming contaminated food.
Symptoms of diarrhea may include:
* Frequent, loose, and watery stools
* Abdominal cramps and pain
* Bloating and gas
* Nausea and vomiting
* Fever and chills
* Headache
* Fatigue and weakness
Diagnosis of diarrhea is typically made through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms. Treatment for diarrhea depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, anti-diarrheal medications, fluid replacement, and dietary changes. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat any complications.
Prevention of diarrhea includes:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and thoroughly, especially after using the bathroom or before preparing food
* Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Properly storing and cooking food to prevent contamination
* Drinking safe water and avoiding contaminated water sources
* Avoiding raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and seafood
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can cause diarrhea
Complications of diarrhea can include:
* Dehydration: Diarrhea can lead to a loss of fluids and electrolytes, which can cause dehydration. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
* Electrolyte imbalance: Diarrhea can also cause an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, which can lead to serious complications.
* Inflammation of the intestines: Prolonged diarrhea can cause inflammation of the intestines, which can lead to abdominal pain and other complications.
* Infections: Diarrhea can be a symptom of an infection, such as a bacterial or viral infection. If left untreated, these infections can lead to serious complications.
* Malnutrition: Prolonged diarrhea can lead to malnutrition and weight loss, which can have long-term effects on health and development.
Treatment of diarrhea will depend on the underlying cause, but may include:
* Fluid replacement: Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration and replace lost electrolytes.
* Anti-diarrheal medications: Over-the-counter or prescription medications to slow down bowel movements and reduce diarrhea.
* Antibiotics: If the diarrhea is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.
* Rest: Getting plenty of rest to allow the body to recover from the illness.
* Dietary changes: Avoiding certain foods or making dietary changes to help manage symptoms and prevent future episodes of diarrhea.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
* Severe diarrhea that lasts for more than 3 days
* Diarrhea that is accompanied by fever, blood in the stool, or abdominal pain
* Diarrhea that is severe enough to cause dehydration or electrolyte imbalances
* Diarrhea that is not responding to treatment
Prevention of diarrhea includes:
* Good hand hygiene: Washing your hands frequently, especially after using the bathroom or before preparing food.
* Safe food handling: Cooking and storing food properly to prevent contamination.
* Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can cause diarrhea, such as rotavirus.
Overall, while diarrhea can be uncomfortable and disruptive, it is usually a minor illness that can be treated at home with over-the-counter medications and plenty of fluids. However, if you experience severe or persistent diarrhea, it is important to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying conditions that may require more formal treatment.
Dysentery is a serious bacterial or parasitic infection that affects the intestines and causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other symptoms. There are two main types of dysentery:
1. Bacterial dysentery: This type of dysentery is caused by bacteria such as Shigella or Salmonella and is typically spread through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and blood in the stool.
2. Amebic dysentery: This type of dysentery is caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica and is typically spread through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool.
Dysentery can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as stool samples or blood tests. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial dysentery and antiparasitic medication for amebic dysentery. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Prevention measures for dysentery include:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Avoiding contaminated food and water
* Properly storing and preparing food to prevent bacterial growth
* Avoiding risky behaviors such as anal sex, which can increase the risk of contracting amebic dysentery.
The prognosis for dysentery is generally good if treated promptly and effectively. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potentially life-threatening infections.
Shigella
... is implicated as one of the pathogenic causes of reactive arthritis worldwide. The genus Shigella is named after ... Each of the Shigella genomes includes a virulence plasmid that encodes conserved primary virulence determinants. The Shigella ... H7-are better placed in Shigella (see Escherichia coli#Diversity for details). Shigella infection is typically by ingestion. ... Shigella species invade the host through the M-cells interspersed in the gut epithelia of the small intestine, as they do not ...
Shigella flexneri
... is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Shigella that can cause diarrhea in humans. Several ... "Shigella flexneri". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 623. Type strain of Shigella flexneri at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity ... Bagamboula, C. F.; Uyttendaele, M.; Debevere, J. (2002). "Acid tolerance of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri". Journal of ... which could play role in resistance to acidic stress and regulation of virulence was shown to exist only in Shigella. Shigella ...
Shigella sonnei
... at MicrobeWiki Shigella sonnei in the NCBI Taxonomy Browser Type strain of Shigella sonnei at BacDive - the ... Shigella sonnei is a species of Shigella. Together with Shigella flexneri, it is responsible for 90% of shigellosis cases. ... "General Information , Shigella - Shigellosis , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2017-10-12. Mayo Clinic Staff. "Shigella Infection". Shigella ... Parte, A.C. "Shigella". LPSN. Shigella+sonnei at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
Shigella dysenteriae
... is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus Shigella.[page needed] Shigella species can cause ... Shigella dysenteriae at the NCBI Taxonomy Browser Type strain of Shigella dysenteriae at BacDive, the Bacterial Diversity ... Shigella infections may be contracted by a lack of monitoring of water and food quality, unsanitary cooking conditions and ... Germani, Y.; Sansonetti, P.J. (2006). "Chapter 3.3.6: The Genus Shigella". In Dworkin, M. (editor-in-chief) (ed.). The ...
Shigella boydii
... Genome Project Page - by Entrez "Shigella boydii". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 621. Type strain of Shigella boydii ... Shigella boydii is the most genetically divergent species of the genus Shigella. There are 19 known serotypes of Shigella ... Shigella boydii is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Shigella. Like other members of the genus, S. boydii is a nonmotile, ... Yang Z., Hu C., Chen J., Chen G., Liu Z. (1990). A new serotype of Shigella boydii. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao.; 30(4): 284-95 Yang F ...
Anal sex
... shigella; syphilis; tuberculosis; and Ureaplasma urealyticum. As with other sexual practices, people without sound knowledge ...
Meat spoilage
Shigella spp., E. coli, B. proteus, S. epidermidis and Staph. aureus, Cl. welchii, B. cereus and faecal streptococci. These ...
Eosin methylene blue
Shigella). Organisms that ferment lactose display "nucleated colonies"-colonies with dark centers. This medium is important in ...
Reactive arthritis
The most common triggers are intestinal infections (with Salmonella, Shigella or Campylobacter) and sexually transmitted ... Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., and Campylobacter spp. A bout of food poisoning or a gastrointestinal infection may also precede ... the disease (the last four genera of bacteria mentioned above are enteric bacteria). Shigella is the most common organism ...
Diarrhea
They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug ... are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea, but infections by Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and some strains of Escherichia coli ... Dysentery is a symptom of, among others, Shigella, Entamoeba histolytica, and Salmonella. Diarrheal disease may have a negative ... New vaccines against rotavirus, Shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and cholera are under development, as well ...
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Shigella spp., and urinary tract infections that are caused by E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. Also the introduction of L. ...
Ceftibuten
Shigella sp., Enterobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. The following represents minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ...
Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein
Shigella spp. contain "molecular backups", or paralogues, to H-NS that have been studied in detail due to their apparent ... Outside of a host, the temperature of 32°C prevents dissociation of H-NS from the virulence plasmid in Shigella spp. in order ... Structural studies of H-NS use bacterial species such as E. coli and Shigella spp. because the C-Terminal Domain is completely ... Interestingly, almost 70% of the open reading frames (ORF) of the specialized virulence plasmid in Shigella spp. is AT-rich, ...
Travelers' diarrhea
Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. are other common bacterial pathogens. Campylobacter, Yersinia, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas spp ... Several vaccine candidates targeting ETEC or Shigella are in various stages of development. One 2007 review found that ...
John Boyd (bacteriologist)
The bacteria Shigella boydii is named after him. "Boyd, Sir John Smith Knox (1891-1981), bacteriologist". Oxford Dictionary of ... "Species: Shigella boydii". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 19 August 2022. P. O. Williams, "Boyd, Sir John Smith Knox (1891-1981)", ...
Gategroup
Marler Clark, L. L. P. (2020-04-22). "Shigella Food Poisoning". Shigella Food Poisoning. Archived from the original on 2019-11- ...
Intralytix
ShigActive targets Shigella species. ShigActive has been shown to be efficacious in mice. In 2020, Intralytix was awarded a ... ShigaShield targets Shigella strains responsible for the majority of foodborne disease, including S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and S ... "Intralytix Receives Multimillion-Dollar Clinical Trial Award from NIAID to Manage Shigella Infections in Humans". "A Phase 1/2a ... used to treat Shigella, received clearance by the FDA in 2017. As of May 2020, Intralytix has four FDA- and USDA-approved ...
Kiyoshi Shiga
These species of bacteria are classified under the Shigella genus. Species of Shigella are further separated by serogroups that ... After the Shigella dysenteriae discovery, Kiyoshi Shiga worked with Paul Ehrlich in Europe on discovering chemotherapy methods ... After the discovery of Shigella, Shiga worked with Paul Ehrlich in Germany from 1901 to 1905. When he returned to Japan, he ... Kiyoshi Shiga initially called the bacteria Bacillus dysenteriae, but the name was later changed to Shigella dysenteriae as a ...
Phage monographs
Phage-Typing of Shigella sonnei. Stockholm. OCLC 5140885 Lilleengen, K. 1948. Typing of Salmonella typhimurium by means of ... Polish; Morphology and Ultrastructure of Shigella and Klebsiella bacteriophages] OCLC 6943982 Champe, S. P. 1974. Phage. Dowden ... Morfologia i ultrastruktura bakteriofagów Shigella i Klebsiella. Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw. [ ...
Charles Arthur Stuart
Wheeler, K. M.; Stuart, C. A.; Ewing, W. H. (1946). "Antigenic Complex of Shigella paradysenteriae , Boyd Type P274". Journal ... Wheeler, K. M.; Stuart, C. A. (1946). "The Mannitol negative Shigella Group". Journal of Bacteriology. 51 (3): 317-325. doi: ...
Agar plate
It is particularly useful in isolating Salmonella and Shigella. Lysogeny broth MacConkey agar is a selective and differential ... Önöz agar allows more rapid bacteriological diagnosis, as Salmonella and Shigella colonies can be clearly and reliably ... Shigella, Proteus, etc.). R2A agar, a nonspecific medium, imitates water, so is used for water analysis. Tryptic (trypticase) ... are higher than those obtained with LEIFSON agar or Salmonella-Shigella agar. Phenylethyl alcohol agar selects for ...
Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation
If diarrhea is present, cultures of stool should be examined for enteropathogens (i.e., Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, ...
Gastroenteritis
While some agents (such as Shigella) only occur in primates, others (such as Giardia) may occur in a wide variety of animals. ... Bacteria and protozoans that are amenable to treatment include Shigella Salmonella typhi, and Giardia species. In those with ... For example, vaccines against Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which are two of the leading bacterial ... Shigella, and Campylobacter species. If food becomes contaminated with bacteria and remains at room temperature for a period of ...
Sexually transmitted infection
"Shigella Infections among Gay & Bisexual Men". Center For Disease Control. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July ...
Lysogeny broth
He had developed the LB medium to optimize Shigella growth and plaque formation. LB media formulations have been an industry ... Luria, S. E.; Burrous, J. W. (1957). "Hybridization between Escherichia coli and Shigella". J. Bacteriol. 74 (4): 461-476. doi: ...
Simon Flexner
Shigella flexneri at Who Named It? Griffen Jr, WO (2004). "Jacob: the other Flexner". Ann Surg. 239 (6): 808-817. doi:10.1097/ ... The bacteria species Shigella flexneri was named in recognition of Flexner. In addition, Flexner was the first to describe ...
Welton Taylor
In 1965, Taylor developed the XLD agar, which can be used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella bacterial species both from ... Taylor, Welton I. (1965). "Isolation of shigellae. I. Xylose lysine agars; new media for isolation of enteric pathogens". Am J ... which can be used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella bacteria. After obtaining his PhD at the University of Illinois at Urbana- ... notably Shigellae - one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea worldwide - and Enterobacteriaceae, obtaining several ...
XLD agar
Shigella species: red colonies. Coliforms: yellow to orange colonies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pink, flat, rough colonies. This ... Taylor, Welton I. (1965). "Isolation of shigellae. I. Xylose lysine agars; new media for isolation of enteric pathogens". Am J ... Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD agar) is a selective growth medium used in the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella ... Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella, can ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid; Shigella colonies cannot do this and ...
Prostate cancer
"Extensively drug-resistant Shigella sonnei infections - Europe". www.who.int. Retrieved 2022-04-28. PDQ Screening and ...
Fleroxacin
It is especially active against Shigella species., Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus ...
Просмотр по теме "Shigella dysenteriae"
Directives pour la lutte contre la shigellose, y compris lors dépidémies dues à Shigella dysenteriae type 1 ... Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1 ... Generic protocol to estimate the burden of Shigella diarrhoea and dysenteric mortality ...
AHS investigating Shigella outbreak in Edmonton Zone | Alberta Health Services
... is notifying the public about an ongoing investigation into a Shigella outbreak in the Edmonton Zone. ... Shigella is a disease thats commonly associated with diarrhea, as well as fever, nausea and stomach cramps. It can cause ... In August of this year, AHS identified a cluster of Shigella cases among the inner city population of Edmonton. ... To date, we have identified 87 people with Shigella, 64 of those people required hospitalizations. The first person became ill ...
seqA/Shigella sonnei | Gene Target - PubChem
RCSB PDB - 3C8H: Crystal structure of the enterobactin esterase FES from Shigella flexneri in the presence of 2,3-Di-hydroxy-N...
Crystal structure of the enterobactin esterase FES from Shigella flexneri in the presence of 2,3-Di-hydroxy-N-benzoyl-serine ... Shigella flexneri 2a str. 2457T. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: fes, S0503, SF0497. ... Crystal structure of the enterobactin esterase FES from Shigella flexneri in the presence of 2,3-Di-hydroxy-N-benzoyl-serine. * ... Siderophore Mediated Iron Acquisition: Structure and Specificity of Enterobactin Esterase from Shigella flexneri.. Kim, Y., ...
WHO EMRO | Shigella dysentery and shigella infections | Volume 2, issue 1 | EMHJ volume 2, 1996
à Shigella, létat de préparation et les mesures visant à juguler les épidémies causées par Shigella. ... and control of epidemics due to shigella. La dysenterie bacillaire et les infections dues à Shigella Dans la Région de la Mé ... The latest estimates amount to about a million total shigella cases annually with approximately 40 000 deaths (an average of 4 ... This paper discusses the role of food and water in this major health problem as well as antimicrobial treatment of shigella ...
Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella, E. coli O157:H7 and Yersinia are down in new...
Although Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella, E. coli O157:H7 and Yersinia are ... Home , Lawyer Op-Ed , Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella, E. coli O157:H7 and ... Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella, E. coli O157:H7 and Yersinia are down in new ...
CDC warns of rise in drug-resistant shigella cases
The CDC issued an alert warning of the spread of a strain of the shigella bacteria which is drug-resistant and can cause a ... In 2015, the agency issued a warning regarding multidrug-resistant Shigella that was beginning to spread in the U.S., brought ... This illustration made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows the Shigella bacteria. (AP Photo/CDC) ... Earlier this month, health officials in Colorado confirmed they had been monitoring Shigella cases, Nexstars KSRM reports. The ...
Brote de Shigella en una cafetería en Bélgica causado por un empleado | barfblog
Brote de Shigella en una cafetería en Bélgica causado por un empleado. Posted on February 4, 2011. by Doug Powell ... This entry was posted in Restaurant Inspection and tagged belgium, employee, food safety, Food Service, Infosheet, Shigella, ... Preparadores de alimentos pueden transmitir Shigella sin tener síntomas de enfermedad.. - Si esta enfermo, y sus síntomas ...
Inactivated Shigella as Effective Vaccines and Vaccine Vectors | NIH Research Festival
Inactivated Shigella as Effective Vaccines and Vaccine Vectors. Thursday, September 17, 2015. - Poster Session II ... Shigellae and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remain major causes of diarrhea among children in developing countries ... These studies show that Shigella ghost cells are highly immunogenic and can serve as effective carriers for exogenous antigens ... Here we present our results examining the vaccine and vector potential of Shigella ghost cells expressing ETEC antigens ( ...
The Use of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC-0032 and Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 to Suppress the Population of Salmonella -...
However, the decreasing amount of salt will lead to the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella - Shigella and ... Pediococcus halophillus, Pediococcus acidilactic, Salmonella - Shigella. Abstract. Jambal roti is a fermented product from ... Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae tended to be stable (on 2.0 log CFU/gram) with the treatment of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC- ... Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae in Jambal Roti (Fermented Fish) BT - Proceedings of the 10th International Seminar and 12th ...
Shigella species (bacillary dyentary) - Cancer Therapy Advisor
Shigella can survive in water for 6 months. Outbreaks can occur when wells are in close proximity to sewer systems, cesspools ... Shigella is a nonmotile gram-negative bacillus that does not ferment lactose. It grows readily on standard media and can be ... Because Shigella is quite fastidious the stool should be promptly cultured. A stool sample provides a higher yield than rectal ... Shigella contains a 220-kb virulence plasmid that carries the genes that mediate its ability to invade and cause disease in ...
Shigella - NIH Director's Blog
2023 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code A03.1: Shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri
ICD 10 code for Shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code ... Shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Billable/Specific Code *A03.1 is a billable/ ... Infection due to group b shigella. ICD-10-CM A03.1 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v40.0): *371 Major ...
Hybridization between Escherichia coli and Shigella - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine
Shigella isolates | ESR
Shigella sonnei biotype g remains the most common NZ type, with the emergence of Shigella flexneri 6 Boyd 88 and Shigella ... One of these was then reported as Shigella boydii, one as Shigella species and two as Shigella dysenteriae. ... 2018 - Shigella isolates. Shigella sonnei biotype g remains the most common type confirmed in NZ. Overseas travel to a wide ... 2019 - Shigella isolates. The majority of Shigella isolates were typed using phenotypic methods but four also underwent whole ...
Shigellosis (Shigella spp.)| CDC
Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium, April to August 200836530 |...
Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium, April to August 200836530. Last ... Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium, April to August 200836530 ... In the beginning of April 2008 three cases of Shigella sonnei infection were identified among the Orthodox Jewish community of ... In the beginning of April 2008 three cases of Shigella sonnei infection were identified among the Orthodox Jewish community of ...
Lavaca County Shigella Outbreak
It only takes a small amount of shigella bacteria to make a person sick. If you are sick with symptoms of shigella infection, ... If you are currently experiencing symptoms of shigella infection, visit your doctor to get tested. Your doctor may prescribe ... People can become sick with shigellosis by eating or drinking the shigella bacteria, by touching something contaminated with ... Largest settlement in U.S. history for Reactive Arthritis caused by Shigella food poisoning ...
Antimicrobial Resistance Threats | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE » Laboratory Hub
DYSENTERIAEMORPHOLOGY OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAESHAPE OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAESIZE OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAEWHAT IS SHIGELLA ... Tag : CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. Check out the Morphology ... CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAECULTURE OF SH. DYSENTERIAECULTURE OF SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAEMORPHOLOGY OF SH. ... and Culture Characteristics of Shigella dysenteriae (Sh. dysenteriae). Laboratory Hub Team. January 1, 2019. April 29, 2023. ...
Shigella Lawyer in San Jose | Shigellosis Food Poisoning
Call the San Jose Shigella attorneys at Caputo & Van Der Walde for a FREE consultation. ... Shigella Attorneys in San Jose. Were You Infected with Shigella/Shigellosis?. One of the most serious and potentially fatal ... What is a Shigella Infection?. Shigella can easily be contracted and spread as a result of unsanitary food handling practices, ... Our San Jose Shigella lawyers have recovered millions of dollars on behalf of our wrongfully injured clients. Now we stand ...
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Directives pour la lutte contre la shigellose, y compris lors dépidémies dues à Shigella dysenteriae type 1. by World Health ... Annotated bibliography on drug resistance of Shigella / editor-in-chief, Khaleda Haider. by Haider, Khaleda , International ... Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. by World Health Organization ... à Shigella dysenteriae type 1..Online access: Click here to access online Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (2) ...
Probe To Identify Enteroinvasive E. coli And Shigella Species | Technology Transfer
Development of Shigella conjugate vaccines targeting Shigella flexneri 2a and S. flexneri 3a using a simple platform-approach...
Disenteria Bacilar; Vacinas contra Shigella; Shigella; Humanos; Criança; Animais; Camundongos; Pré-Escolar; Shigella flexneri; ... Development of Shigella conjugate vaccines targeting Shigella flexneri 2a and S. flexneri 3a using a simple platform-approach ... Development of Shigella conjugate vaccines targeting Shigella flexneri 2a and S. flexneri ... Shigella / Vacinas contra Shigella / Disenteria Bacilar Limite: Animais / Criança / Criança, pré-escolar / Humanos Idioma: ...
Improving bacterial strain classification for more effective surveillance | Institut Pasteur
Dysentery: Shigella, bacteria with adaptation to respiration. Bacillary dysentery caused by the intestinal bacteria Shigella is ... Dysentery: Shigella, bacteria with adaptation to respiration. *Editorial: Facing challenges with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV ... Dysentery: Shigella, bacteria with adaptation to respiration. *Editorial: Facing challenges with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV ... A new method for identifying and typing Shigella strains. *A new method for identifying differences between bacterial strains ...
EN (en)InfectionShigellosisMultidrug-resistantEscherichiaInfectionsSonneiSpeciesOutbreakAntimicrobialSalmonella ShigellaIsolatesColiSusceptibilityBacteria can causeStrainsFlexneri 2aSerotypeAntibioticsDiarrheaDysenterieCampylobacterVaccinesSymptomsPreventionDeathsSusceptiblePOPULATIONStrainBacterialSpreadCasesLaboratoryCaseTypeRESISTANCETotalTreatmentAmountControlPeople
Infection12
- Shigella infection is spread usually by contaminated food and, less frequently, by water. (who.int)
- The availability of large volumes of safe water is important for the prevention and control of shigella infection. (who.int)
- Shigella infection is common among school-aged children in Great Britain. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- Food handlers with documented Shigella infection should not handle food until their stool culture is negative. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- Given all of the above the low numbers noted for the year suggest that Shigella infection is more associated with overseas travel than previously thought - just 12 isolates were received between June and December 2020 compared with 97 isolates for the same time period in 2019. (cwp.govt.nz)
- In the beginning of April 2008 three cases of Shigella sonnei infection were identified among the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium. (sciensano.be)
- If you are currently experiencing symptoms of shigella infection, visit your doctor to get tested. (makefoodsafe.com)
- One of the most serious and potentially fatal sicknesses a person can contract from eating tainted food is a Shigella infection. (vanderwalde.com)
- What is a Shigella Infection? (vanderwalde.com)
- There is a need for vaccines effective against shigella infection in young children in resource -limited areas. (bvsalud.org)
- Protective immunity against shigella infection targets the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide . (bvsalud.org)
- Bloody diarrhea suggests infection with Shigella or enterohemorrhagic E coli . (medscape.com)
Shigellosis8
- In addition to endemic shigellosis, some countries (such as the Republic of Yemen) have reported in recent years large epidemics of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), which is characterized by a particularly high case fatality rate, extreme debility in survivors and an increasing number of multiple drug-resistant strains. (who.int)
- This highlights that the vast majority (if not all) Shigellae isolated in NZ are imported: - Our borders closed mid-2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic response (shigellosis case numbers dwindled in the latter half of that year) and remained closed for the entirety of 2021. (cwp.govt.nz)
- People can become sick with shigellosis by eating or drinking the shigella bacteria, by touching something contaminated with the bacteria and then touching the mouth, or through contact with bacteria during sex. (makefoodsafe.com)
- Shigellosis (Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
- Were You Infected with Shigella/Shigellosis? (vanderwalde.com)
- Shigella, the causing agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis, bears a set of T3SS proteins termed translocators that form a pore in the host cell membrane. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- CDC continues to receive new reports of infections with Shigella strains that are not susceptible to ciprofloxacin and/or azithromycin, the antimicrobial agents most commonly used to treat shigellosis. (cdc.gov)
- Information about revisions to CDC's Shigella website on shigellosis prevention among MSM. (cdc.gov)
Multidrug-resistant1
- In 2015, the agency issued a warning regarding multidrug-resistant Shigella that was beginning to spread in the U.S., brought in by international travelers. (wsav.com)
Escherichia2
- Shigellae and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remain major causes of diarrhea among children in developing countries and travelers to these areas. (nih.gov)
- To evaluate progress toward prevention of enteric infections in the United States, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducts active population-based surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed infections caused by Campylobacter , Cyclospora , Listeria , Salmonella , Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Shigella, Vibrio , and Yersinia at 10 U.S. sites. (cdc.gov)
Infections2
Sonnei2
- High case fatality rates (5% and above) may be associated with any of the four species of shigella ( S. dysenteriae type 1, S. flexneri , S. boydii and S. sonnei ) present in the Region, but very high case fatality rates (over 10%) have been observed only in Sd1 epidemics. (who.int)
- An effective shigella vaccine will need to be multivalent, targeting the most common global species and serotypes such as Shigella flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, and S. sonnei. (bvsalud.org)
Species1
- This invention describes DNA probes for enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella species, including the sequence of the 2.5 kb fragment (SmaII and Falkow's) on which the probe is based. (nih.gov)
Outbreak2
- EDMONTON - Alberta Health Services (AHS) is notifying the public about an ongoing investigation into a Shigella outbreak in the Edmonton Zone. (albertahealthservices.ca)
- A Shigella outbreak in England in 2021 has been linked to spring onions imported from Egypt. (foodsafetynews.com)
Antimicrobial1
- Journal of Medical Microbiology DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.000779 Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella dysenteriae isolated from travellers returning to the UK, 2004-2017]. (cwp.govt.nz)
Salmonella Shigella3
- However, the decreasing amount of salt will lead to the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella - Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae. (atlantis-press.com)
- The results showed the use of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC-0032 (1.48 log CFU/gram to zero) with 25% and 30% salts compared to controls (without the application of Pediococcus sp)) and Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 could reduce the number of Salmonella Shigella bacteria. (atlantis-press.com)
- Compared to the control treatment, use of Pediococcus sp with 25% and 30% salinity (3.48 log CFU/gram to 2.0 log CFU/gram) could reduce the number of Enterobacteriaceaethe amount of Salmonella - Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae tended to be stable (on 2.0 log CFU/gram) with the treatment of Pediococcus halophillus FNCC-0032 and Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 application at 20% salinity. (atlantis-press.com)
Isolates2
- The majority of Shigella isolates were typed using phenotypic methods but four also underwent whole genome sequencing to assist in identification. (cwp.govt.nz)
- These Shigella dysenteriae were evaluated in comparison with previous NZ isolates and four isolates from 2018 and 2019 were subsequently confirmed as Shigella dysenteriae serotype E112707/96 ST148. (cwp.govt.nz)
Coli2
- Although Campylobacter , Listeria , Salmonella , Vibrio and Cryptosporidium are up, Shigella , E. coli O157:H7 and Yersinia are down that does not seem to justify a late Friday night posting on the CDC's website. (marlerblog.com)
- These methods are expensive, time-consuming, difficult to use, and have not been able to distinguish between nonvirulent enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella. (nih.gov)
Susceptibility1
- ABSTRACT In this study, the serogroup and susceptibility patterns of Shigella and Salmonella spp. (who.int)
Bacteria can cause2
- Shigella bacteria can cause diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. (cdc.gov)
- Eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with Shigella bacteria can cause you to contract the illness and exhibit various debilitating symptoms. (vanderwalde.com)
Strains1
- are readily transmitted via food, water, environmental contacts, pets and from Culture and identification of strains person to person, with morbidity rates in Frozen Shigella and Salmonella strains developing countries 3-to-6-fold higher were subcultured on MacConkey agar than in developed countries [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Flexneri 2a3
- Shigella flexneri 2a str. (rcsb.org)
- Development of Shigella conjugate vaccines targeting Shigella flexneri 2a and S. flexneri 3a using a simple platform-approach conjugation by squaric acid chemistry. (bvsalud.org)
- Here we report the development of shigella conjugate vaccines (SCV) targeting S. flexneri 2a (SCV-Sf2a) and 3a (SCV-Sf3a) using squaric acid chemistry to result in single point sun -burst type display of OSP from carrier protein rTTHc, a 52 kDa recombinant protein fragment of the heavy chain of tetanus toxoid . (bvsalud.org)
Serotype1
- Atypical va- from S. flexneri serotype X variant (SFxv), which was rieties were prevalent mainly in developed regions, and 1 recently reported in China ( 8 ), because it reacted with variant has become the dominant Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics1
- WASHINGTON ( NewsNation ) - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) issued an alert Friday warning of the spread of a strain of the shigella bacteria that appears to be resistant to antibiotics. (wsav.com)
Diarrhea1
- Shigella is a disease that's commonly associated with diarrhea, as well as fever, nausea and stomach cramps. (albertahealthservices.ca)
Dysenterie1
- Le présent article examine le rôle de l'alimentation et de l'eau dans ce problème de santé majeur ainsi que le traitement antimicrobien de la dysenterie bacillaire due à Shigella , l'état de préparation et les mesures visant à juguler les épidémies causées par Shigella . (who.int)
Campylobacter1
- Because of the low innoculum required to cause disease, Shigella readily spread from person to person, while Salmonella and Campylobacter are primarily spread via contaminated foods or water. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
Vaccines1
- Our results support further development of this platform conjugation technology in the development of shigella conjugate vaccines for use in resource-limited settings . (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms1
- Anyone experiencing symptoms that might be related to Shigella or anyone with questions or concerns about their health is encouraged to speak with their healthcare provider or call Health Link at 811. (albertahealthservices.ca)
Prevention1
- This illustration made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows the Shigella bacteria. (wsav.com)
Deaths2
- The latest estimates amount to about a million total shigella cases annually with approximately 40 000 deaths (an average of 4% case fatality rate). (who.int)
- The latest regional estimates are a million total shigella cases annually with approximately 40 000 deaths (an average 4% case fatality rate). (who.int)
Susceptible1
- Shigella were susceptible to gentamicin (100%) and nalidixic acid (97.3%) and Shigella and Salmonella were 100.0% susceptible to norfloxacin. (who.int)
POPULATION1
- In August of this year, AHS identified a cluster of Shigella cases among the inner city population of Edmonton. (albertahealthservices.ca)
Strain1
- We show that these immune responses are protective as vaccinated animals can be protected 100% from challenge with the live homologous Shigella strain compared to negligible survival in mice given PBS. (nih.gov)
Bacterial1
- Invasive bacterial pathogens such as Shigella flexneri force their uptake into non-phagocytic host cells. (pasteur.fr)
Spread4
- However, we would like to remind people that proper hand hygiene helps to prevent the spread of many illnesses, including Shigella. (albertahealthservices.ca)
- Antibiotic treatment shortens symptomatic disease by 2 days and shortens the shedding of Shigella in the stools reducing person to person spread of the disease. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- In custodial institutions, mentally challenged individuals commonly carry fecal flora on their hands and the spread of Shigella has been documented despite adequate washrooms and attempts at good personal hygiene. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
- Shigella can easily be contracted and spread as a result of unsanitary food handling practices, usually due to improper handwashing techniques following restroom usage. (vanderwalde.com)
Cases1
- Earlier this month, health officials in Colorado confirmed they had been monitoring Shigella cases , Nexstar's KSRM reports. (wsav.com)
Laboratory1
- Shigella isolate data from ESR's enteric reference laboratory. (cwp.govt.nz)
Case1
- However, with our borders remaining closed for the remainder of the year we have seen an ongoing reduction in Shigella case numbers compared with previous years. (cwp.govt.nz)
Type1
- Samples were screened for the presence of Shigella agglutinate with monovalent anti-II type antisera and mon- ovalent anti-3,4 and anti-7,8 group antisera. (cdc.gov)
RESISTANCE1
- Annotated bibliography on drug resistance of Shigella / editor-in-chief, Khaleda Haider. (who.int)
Total1
- 1992 to January 1993, a total of 76 Shigella under the age of 5 years who are at risk. (who.int)
Treatment1
- Shigella is difficult to control because it threatens available treatment options. (cdc.gov)
Amount1
- It only takes a small amount of shigella bacteria to make a person sick. (makefoodsafe.com)
Control1
- and control of epidemics due to shigella. (who.int)
People1
- To date, we have identified 87 people with Shigella, 64 of those people required hospitalizations. (albertahealthservices.ca)
