Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.
Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.
A species of sheep, Ovis aries, descended from Near Eastern wild forms, especially mouflon.
Deliberate, often repetitive physical, verbal, and/or other types of abuse by one or more members against others of a household.
Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
A species of sheep, Ovis canadensis, characterized by massive brown horns. There are at least four subspecies and they are all endangered or threatened.
Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.
Value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year.
A BETARETROVIRUS that causes pulmonary adenomatosis in sheep (PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS, OVINE).
Diseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus Capra.
A suborder of the order ARTIODACTYLA whose members have the distinguishing feature of a four-chambered stomach, including the capacious RUMEN. Horns or antlers are usually present, at least in males.
The cat family in the order CARNIVORA comprised of muscular, deep-chested terrestrial carnivores with a highly predatory lifestyle.
A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.
Deliberate severe and repeated injury to one domestic partner by the other.
Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.
A fatal disease of the nervous system in sheep and goats, characterized by pruritus, debility, and locomotor incoordination. It is caused by proteinaceous infectious particles called PRIONS.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.
"Ducks" is not a recognized medical term or condition in human health; it may refer to various anatomical structures in animals, such as the ducks of the heart valves, but it does not have a standalone medical definition.
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Women who are physically and mentally abused over an extended period, usually by a husband or other dominant male figure. Characteristics of the battered woman syndrome are helplessness, constant fear, and a perceived inability to escape. (From American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3d ed)
The care and management of property.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.
Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.
Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
'Animal diseases' is a term that refers to any illness or infection that affects the health and well-being of non-human animals, caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances, which can impact individual animals, herds, or entire species, and may have implications for human health through zoonotic transmission.
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A family of terrestrial carnivores with long snouts and non-retractable claws. Members include COYOTES; DOGS; FOXES; JACKALS; RACCOON DOGS; and WOLVES.
Animals kept by humans for companionship and enjoyment, as opposed to DOMESTIC ANIMALS such as livestock or farm animals, which are kept for economic reasons.
A contagious, neoplastic, pulmonary disease of sheep characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pneumocytes and epithelial cells of the lung. It is caused by JAAGSIEKTE SHEEP RETROVIRUS.
The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Genus in the family FELIDAE comprised of big felines including LIONS; TIGERS; jaguars; and the leopard.
The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)
The hair of SHEEP or other animals that is used for weaving.
Artiodactyla is an order of mammals characterized by an even number of digits (two or four) on each foot, hooves as terminal appendages, and a specialized stomach for fermentative digestion, which includes taxonomic families such as Suidae, Cervidae, Bovidae, and Camelidae among others.
The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.
Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.
Living facilities for humans.
Domesticated farm animals raised for home use or profit but excluding POULTRY. Typically livestock includes CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; SWINE; GOATS; and others.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "geese" is a common name for certain species of waterfowl and doesn't have a medical definition. It is not related to medical terminology or healthcare.
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
Large, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the cat family FELIDAE, species Panthera leo. They are found in Africa and southern Asia.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus feline lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, FELINE) isolated from cats with a chronic wasting syndrome, presumed to be immune deficiency. There are 3 strains: Petaluma (FIP-P), Oma (FIP-O) and Puma lentivirus (PLV). There is no antigenic relationship between FIV and HIV, nor does FIV grow in human T-cells.
Any of several large carnivorous mammals of the family CANIDAE that usually hunt in packs.
Virus diseases caused by the Lentivirus genus. They are multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection.
A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
An order of ungulates having an odd number of toes, including the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Hoofed mammals with four legs, a big-lipped snout, and a humped back belonging to the family Camelidae.
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.
A genus of ruminants in the family Bovidae. The common name chamois usually refers to the species Rupicapra rupicapra. Rupicapra pyrenaica, found in the Pyrenees, is more properly referred to as the Pyrenean chamois.
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
A species of gram-negative bacteria causing CONJUNCTIVITIS and KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS in SHEEP and GOATS.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The interstitial fluid that is in the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
An order of protozoa comprising heteroxenous tick-borne blood parasites. Representative genera include BABESIA, Dactylosoma, and THEILERIA.
Infestations with arthropods of the subclass ACARI, superorder Acariformes.
A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet.
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.
Color of hair or fur.
The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified.
Ruminants of the family Bovidae consisting of Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer. This concept is differentiated from BISON, which refers to Bison bison and Bison bonasus.
Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
An infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats, affecting primarily the muzzle and lips. It is caused by a poxvirus and may be transmitted to man.
Fleshy and reddish outgrowth of skin tissue found on top of the head, attached to the sides of the head, and hanging from the mandible of birds such as turkeys and chickens.
In ruminants, the stomach is a complex, multi-chambered organ consisting of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, which functions to soften and breakdown ingested plant material through microbial fermentation and mechanical churning before further digestion in the small intestine.
Any of various ruminant mammals of the order Bovidae. They include numerous species in Africa and the American pronghorn.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Argentina" is not a medical concept or condition that has a defined meaning within the medical field. Argentina is actually the second largest country in South America, and is known for its rich cultural history, diverse landscapes, and significant contributions to fields such as science, arts, and sports. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.
A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.
A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)
Abnormal isoform of prion proteins (PRIONS) resulting from a posttranslational modification of the cellular prion protein (PRPC PROTEINS). PrPSc are disease-specific proteins seen in certain human and animal neurodegenerative diseases (PRION DISEASES).
Small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by procedures that modify NUCLEIC ACIDS and contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein which is a major and necessary component. The abnormal (scrapie) isoform is PrPSc (PRPSC PROTEINS) and the cellular isoform PrPC (PRPC PROTEINS). The primary amino acid sequence of the two isoforms is identical. Human diseases caused by prions include CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME; GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER SYNDROME; and INSOMNIA, FATAL FAMILIAL.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and in some cats infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV).
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
A genus of the family Bovidae having two species: B. bison and B. bonasus. This concept is differentiated from BUFFALOES, which refers to Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer.
Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

Comparison of serological tests based on outer membrane or internal antigens for detecting antibodies to Brucella ovis in infected flocks. (1/410)

The aim of this work was to compare the performance of 6 serological tests using outer or internal antigens from Brucella for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in sheep in an endemic area. Outer membrane antigens included a hot saline extract (HS) and the rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS) from B. ovis. Internal antigens were LPS-free total cytosolic proteins (CP) and an 18-kDa cytosolic protein (p18) from Brucella spp. Sera from 200 sheep from naturally infected flocks were assayed by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and by complement fixation test (CFT), both using HS, and by 4 ELISA using HS, R-LPS, CP, and p18, respectively. The percentage of positive results was 45.5% for ELISA with HS, 42.0% for ELISA with p18, 39.5% for CFT, 33.5% for ELISA with R-LPS, 29.0% for ELISA with CP, and 18.0% for AGID. Taking CFT as the reference test for calculating relative test parameters, the ELISA with HS had the best sensitivity (96.2%), while AGID and the ELISA with R-LPS had the best specificity (96.6%). The ELISA with CP was not more sensitive than the ELISA with p18 (67.1% vs. 79.7%) in spite of the higher number of antigens in CP. The lower relative sensitivity of tests using internal antigens might reflect a lack of antibodies to cytosolic proteins in some infected animals or a shorter persistence of these antibodies relative to antibodies to outer membrane components after recovery from infection.  (+info)

Resistance of domestic cats to a US sheep scrapie agent by intracerebral route. (2/410)

Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) is thought to have resulted from consumption of food contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the latter is believed to result from the consumption of food contaminated with scrapie. However, no direct experimental documentation exists to indicate that the scrapie agent is capable of amplifying in cats, and, therefore, crossing the species barrier. During 1979, 6 cats ranging in age from 3.5 to 18 months were intracerebrally inoculated with sheep scrapie (inoculum G-639-PP) and were observed for an extended period. Inoculated cats did not develop neurologic disease, and microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy were not evident. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques failed to detect the abnormal form of prion protein (PrP(res)). These results indicate that the sheep scrapie agent (G-639-PP) used in this study was not capable of amplifying in cats and therefore was unable to cross the species barrier to produce FSE.  (+info)

Long-term excretion of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and experimental infection of a sheep with O157. (3/410)

To investigate a long-term shedding of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from sheep, a fifteen-month study for STEC isolation from a sheep, which had yielded STEC before, was attempted. The sheep continued to shed STEC and 39 STEC were isolated. The number of STEC in the feces was estimated at 1.7 x 10(3) per gram. In addition, although Stx1-negative O157 and stx2-encoding bacteriophage were experimentally infected to the sheep, Stx-positive O157 or Stx2- producing bacterial cells were not detected. The genetical and biochemical characterization of those 39 STEC strains showed that all STEC strains produced Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and were divided into three classes (I to III). From phylogenetic analysis of their amino acid sequences, class-I STEC was classified as group 1 comprising mainly human STEC, and classes II/III were as group 2 comprising sheep STEC. Our results suggest that STEC easily colonized in sheep and that the sheep continued to shed STEC, showing that sheep might be an important reservoir for human STEC infection.  (+info)

Cellular and humoral local immune responses in sheep experimentally infected with Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae). (4/410)

Cellular and humoral local responses were investigated following repetitive artificial Oestrus ovis infections in lambs. The presence of larvae induced a huge local recruitment of either leucocytes (T and B lymphocytes, macrophages) or granulocytes (eosinophils, mast cells and globule leucocytes). This cellular response was more pronounced in the ethmoid and sinus (development sites of second and third instar larvae) than in the septum or turbinates where first instar larvae migrate. Infected lambs produced Oestrus ovis specific IgG and IgA antibodies in their mucus. This local humoral response was mainly directed against larval salivary gland antigens and not against larval digestive tract antigens. Compared to the control animals, the sinusal mucosa of infected animals was extremely thickened and the epithelium exhibited hyperplasia, metaplasia and eosinophilic exocytosis. The possible roles of these local immune responses in the regulation of O. ovis larvae populations in sheep are discussed.  (+info)

Comparison of four techniques for the detection of Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin in intestinal contents and other body fluids of sheep and goats. (5/410)

Polyclonal capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PC-ELISA), monoclonal capture ELISA (MC-ELISA), mouse neutralization test (MNT), and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), were compared for their ability to detect epsilon toxin in intestinal contents and body fluids of sheep and goats. When used to evaluate intestinal contents of sheep artificially spiked with epsilon prototoxin, PC-ELISA detected 0.075 mouse lethal dose (MLD)50/ml, whereas the MNT, MC-ELISA, and CIEP detected 6, 25, and 50 MLD50/ml, respectively. Amounts of epsilon toxin detected by PC-ELISA, MC-ELISA, MNT, and CIEP in sheep pericardial fluid artificially spiked with epsilon prototoxin were 0.075, 0.75, 6, and 200 MLD50/ml, respectively. For assaying epsilon toxin in aqueous humor, PC-ELISA and MC-ELISA detected 0.075 MLD50/ml, whereas CIEP detected 200 MLD50/ml (MNT was not evaluated). When 51 samples of intestinal contents of sheep and goats (32 positive and 19 negative to MNT) were analyzed by the other 3 techniques, the relative sensitivity of PC-ELISA, MC-ELISA, and CIEP was 93.75, 84.37, and 37.50%, respectively. The specificity of PC-ELISA, MC-ELISA, and CIEP was 31.57, 57.89, and 84.21%, respectively. The absolute sensitivity of PC-ELISA, MC-ELISA, CIEP, and MNT was 90.90, 69.69, 15.15, and 54.54%. The absolute specificity of the 4 techniques was 100%. These results show that there is a marked inconsistency among techniques routinely used to detect Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. Until more consistent results are achieved, the diagnosis of enterotoxemia should not only be based solely on epsilon toxin detection, but also on clinical and pathological data.  (+info)

Hindlimb glucose and lactate metabolism during umbilical cord compression and acute hypoxemia in the late-gestation ovine fetus. (6/410)

The metabolic adaptation of the hindlimb in the fetus to a reversible period of adverse intrauterine conditions and, subsequently, to a further episode of acute hypoxemia has been examined. Sixteen sheep fetuses were chronically instrumented with vascular catheters and transit-time flow probes. In nine of these fetuses, umbilical blood flow was reversibly reduced by 30% from baseline for 3 days (umbilical cord compression), while the remaining fetuses acted as sham-operated, age-matched controls. Acute hypoxemia was subsequently induced in all fetuses by reducing maternal fractional inspired oxygen concentration for 1 h. Paired hindlimb arteriovenous blood samples were taken at appropriate intervals during cord compression and acute hypoxemia, and by using femoral blood flow and the Fick principle, substrate delivery, uptake, and output were calculated. Umbilical cord compression reduced blood oxygen content and delivery to the hindlimb and increased hindlimb oxygen extraction and blood glucose and lactate concentration in the fetus. However, hindlimb glucose and oxygen consumption were unaltered during umbilical cord compression. In contrast, hindlimb oxygen delivery and uptake were significantly reduced in all fetuses during subsequent acute hypoxemia, but glucose extraction, oxygen extraction, and hindlimb lactate output significantly increased in sham-operated control fetuses only. Preexposure of the fetus to a temporary period of adverse intrauterine conditions alters the metabolic response of the fetal hindlimb to subsequent acute stress. Additional data suggest that circulating blood lactate may be derived from sources other than the fetal hindlimb under these circumstances. The lack of hindlimb lactate output during acute hypoxemia in umbilical cord-compressed fetuses, despite a significant fall in oxygen delivery to and uptake by the hindlimb, suggests that the fetal hindlimb may not respire anaerobically after exposure to adverse intrauterine conditions. hypoxia  (+info)

Diarrhea incidence and farm-related risk factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni antibodies among rural children. (7/410)

Serum samples were obtained from 215 farm-resident children and 396 non-farm-resident children living in a defined rural Wisconsin population. Antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (O157 LPS) immunoglobulin G were measured, and the incidence of clinic visits for diarrheal illness was determined. Risk factors were assessed in a telephone interview. There were 363 children (59%) with C. jejuni antibodies (seropositive for >or=2 immunoglobulin classes) and 86 (14%) with O157 LPS antibodies. Increasing age and farm residence were independently associated with C. jejuni seropositivity by multivariate analysis. O157 LPS antibodies were independently associated with increasing age, female sex, manure contact, and sheep contact. The incidence of clinically recognized diarrhea was similar among children with and without antibodies to C. jejuni and O157 LPS, but the clinic visit rate for diarrhea was 46% lower among farm-resident children. These results are consistent with reduced occurrence of clinical illness from repeated antigenic stimulation in a farm environment.  (+info)

Comparison of targeting F and G protein genes to detect bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses. (8/410)

In this study, 2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed and compared for simultaneous detection of bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs). One assay was based on a set of primers, which amplified a 426-bp fragment of either bovine or ovine RSV F gene (RT-PCR F). The F products could be distinguished by EcoRI or BstYI restriction endonuclease cleavage. In the other assay, a set of primers amplified a 542-bp fragment of either ovine or bovine RSV G gene (RT-PCR G). EcoO1091 and RsaI restriction enzymes were used to differentiate between the ovine and bovine PCR-G products. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed the fidelity of both assays. The 2 assays were evaluated using 18 bovine RSV isolates, 1 ovine RSV, 1 bighorn sheep RSV isolate, 1 caprine RSV isolate, 2 human RSV isolates, and several other viruses associated with bovine respiratory tract disease. RT-PCR G may be more sensitive in detecting viral RNA. Because the target sequence of the F gene is more conserved than that of the G gene, RT-PCR F followed by the appropriate restriction enzyme cleavage may be superior to RT-PCR G to discriminate between the 2 ruminant RSV subgroups. This assay should prove useful for determining the relative contribution of ovine and bovine RSV to the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory tract disease.  (+info)

I apologize, but "sheep" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common animal with the scientific name Ovis aries. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

I'm happy to help, but I want to clarify that the term "sheep diseases" refers to a wide range of health issues that can affect sheep populations. It's not a single medical condition with a specific definition. Here are some examples of common diseases that can affect sheep:

1. Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD): A chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the intestines and can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and death.
2. Footrot: A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the feet of sheep, causing lameness, swelling, and pain. It's caused by the bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus.
3. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects the lymph nodes and can cause abscesses, weight loss, and death.
4. Contagious Ecthyma (Orf): A highly contagious viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of sheep, causing sores and lesions.
5. Mastitis: An inflammation of the mammary gland in sheep, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can cause decreased milk production, fever, and loss of appetite.
6. Pneumonia: A respiratory infection that can affect sheep, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by various bacteria or viruses.
7. Enterotoxemia: A potentially fatal disease caused by the overproduction of toxins in the intestines of sheep, usually due to a bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens.
8. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): A neurological disorder that affects the brain of sheep, causing symptoms such as blindness, circling, and seizures. It's often caused by a thiamine deficiency or excessive sulfur intake.
9. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can affect sheep, causing abortion, stillbirth, and neurological symptoms.
10. Blue tongue: A viral disease that affects sheep, causing fever, respiratory distress, and mouth ulcers. It's transmitted by insect vectors and is often associated with climate change.

Domestic animals, also known as domestic animals or pets, are species that have been tamed and kept by humans for various purposes. These purposes can include companionship, work, protection, or food production. Some common examples of domestic animals include dogs, cats, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and chickens.

Domestic animals are distinguished from wild animals in that they are dependent on humans for their survival and are able to live in close proximity to people. They have often been selectively bred over generations to possess certain traits or characteristics that make them more suitable for their intended uses. For example, dogs may be bred for their size, strength, agility, or temperament, while cats may be bred for their coat patterns or behaviors.

It is important to note that the term "domestic animal" does not necessarily mean that an animal is tame or safe to handle. Some domestic animals, such as certain breeds of dogs, can be aggressive or dangerous if not properly trained and managed. It is always important to approach and handle any animal, domestic or wild, with caution and respect.

A domestic sheep (Ovis aries) is not a medical term, but it is an animal species that humans keep and breed for a variety of purposes, including meat, wool, and milk production. While the term "sheep" may appear in medical contexts, such as in discussions of zoonotic diseases (diseases transmissible between animals and humans), the specific definition you are looking for is not medical in nature. Domestic sheep are social herbivores that prefer to eat short grasses and can be found in various parts of the world. They have been domesticated for thousands of years, making them one of the earliest animals to be domesticated by humans.

Domestic violence is defined by the World Health Organization as:

"...a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Abusive behaviors can include physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone."

It's important to note that domestic violence can occur in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships, and it can affect people of any race, ethnicity, age, economic status, or level of education. Domestic violence is a pervasive global health problem that affects millions of individuals and families worldwide.

Wild animals are those species of animals that are not domesticated or tamed by humans and live in their natural habitats without regular human intervention. They can include a wide variety of species, ranging from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, to insects and other invertebrates.

Wild animals are adapted to survive in specific environments and have behaviors, physical traits, and social structures that enable them to find food, shelter, and mates. They can be found in various habitats such as forests, grasslands, deserts, oceans, rivers, and mountains. Some wild animals may come into contact with human populations, particularly in urban areas where their natural habitats have been destroyed or fragmented.

It is important to note that the term "wild" does not necessarily mean that an animal is aggressive or dangerous. While some wild animals can be potentially harmful to humans if provoked or threatened, many are generally peaceful and prefer to avoid contact with people. However, it is essential to respect their natural behaviors and habitats and maintain a safe distance from them to prevent any potential conflicts or harm to either party.

There are many diseases that can affect cats, and the specific medical definitions for these conditions can be quite detailed and complex. However, here are some common categories of feline diseases and examples of each:

1. Infectious diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include:
* Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), also known as feline parvovirus, which can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and death in kittens.
* Feline calicivirus (FCV), which can cause upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and nasal discharge.
* Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which can suppress the immune system and lead to a variety of secondary infections and diseases.
* Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida or Bartonella henselae, which can cause abscesses or other symptoms.
2. Neoplastic diseases: These are cancerous conditions that can affect various organs and tissues in cats. Examples include:
* Lymphoma, which is a common type of cancer in cats that can affect the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other organs.
* Fibrosarcoma, which is a type of soft tissue cancer that can arise from fibrous connective tissue.
* Squamous cell carcinoma, which is a type of skin cancer that can be caused by exposure to sunlight or tobacco smoke.
3. Degenerative diseases: These are conditions that result from the normal wear and tear of aging or other factors. Examples include:
* Osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease that can cause pain and stiffness in older cats.
* Dental disease, which is a common condition in cats that can lead to tooth loss, gum inflammation, and other problems.
* Heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a thickening of the heart muscle that can lead to congestive heart failure.
4. Hereditary diseases: These are conditions that are inherited from a cat's parents and are present at birth or develop early in life. Examples include:
* Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure.
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in some cats.
* Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which is a group of genetic disorders that cause degeneration of the retina and can lead to blindness.

A "Bighorn Sheep" is not a medical term. It is a type of wild sheep found in North America, recognized by its large, curved horns. The scientific name for this animal is *Ovis canadensis*. However, if you are referring to a condition or injury related to sheep, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "goats" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is a common noun referring to the domesticated animal species Capra aegagrus hircus. If you have any questions about a specific medical condition or term, please provide that and I would be happy to help.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Gross Domestic Product" (GDP) is an economic term, not a medical one. GDP is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. It serves as a comprehensive measure of a nation’s overall economic activity.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily affects the respiratory system of sheep and goats. The term "jaagsiekte" comes from the Afrikaans language, meaning "chasing disease," which refers to the labored breathing and increased respiratory rate observed in infected animals.

JSRV is responsible for causing a contagious and fatal lung disease known as ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as jaagsiekte. The virus infects the cells of the lungs, leading to the formation of tumors, which can ultimately result in respiratory failure and death.

JSRV is unique among retroviruses because it encodes an oncogene called env, which plays a crucial role in transforming infected lung cells into cancerous ones. This virally encoded oncogene interacts with host cell receptors, leading to the activation of signaling pathways that promote uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

The virus is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, either through direct contact with infected animals or by inhaling contaminated aerosols. In addition to its oncogenic properties, JSRV has also been implicated in other respiratory disorders, such as chronic interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.

Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus is an important model for understanding the mechanisms of retroviral-induced oncogenesis and holds potential implications for the development of novel cancer therapies.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Goat diseases" refers to illnesses that affect goats specifically. It does not mean diseases that are caused by goats or related to them in some way. Here are some examples of goat diseases:

1. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): A viral disease that affects goats, causing arthritis, pneumonia, and sometimes encephalitis.
2. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A bacterial disease that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes of goats.
3. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP): A contagious respiratory disease caused by mycoplasma bacteria.
4. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
5. Pasteurellosis: A bacterial disease that can cause pneumonia, septicemia, and other infections in goats.
6. Salmonellosis: A bacterial disease caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can cause diarrhea, fever, and septicemia in goats.
7. Soremouth (Orf): A viral disease that causes sores and scabs around the mouth and nose of goats.

These are just a few examples of diseases that can affect goats. If you have any specific questions about goat health or diseases, I would recommend consulting with a veterinarian who specializes in small ruminants.

Ruminants are a category of hooved mammals that are known for their unique digestive system, which involves a process called rumination. This group includes animals such as cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and giraffes, among others. The digestive system of ruminants consists of a specialized stomach with multiple compartments (the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum).

Ruminants primarily consume plant-based diets, which are high in cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that is difficult for many animals to digest. In the rumen, microbes break down the cellulose into simpler compounds, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that serve as a major energy source for ruminants. The animal then regurgitates the partially digested plant material (known as cud), chews it further to mix it with saliva and additional microbes, and swallows it again for further digestion in the rumen. This process of rumination allows ruminants to efficiently extract nutrients from their fibrous diets.

Felidae is the biological family that includes all extant (living) members of the cat group, also known as felids. This family consists of big cats such as lions, tigers, and leopards, as well as small cats like domestic cats, cheetahs, and pumas. Felidae is part of the order Carnivora and is characterized by specialized adaptations for hunting and stalking prey, including retractile claws, sharp teeth, and flexible bodies. The family has a worldwide distribution, with species found in various habitats across all continents except Antarctica.

'Sus scrofa' is the scientific name for the wild boar, a species of suid that is native to much of Eurasia and North Africa. It is not a medical term or concept. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those instead!

Spouse abuse, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pattern of behavior involving violence or threatened violence, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and/or psychological abuse directed by an individual toward their current or former spouse or intimate partner. This can include physical harm, sexual assault, harassment, threats, intimidation, stalking, and various forms of controlling behaviors. Spouse abuse can occur in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships and can affect individuals of any socioeconomic background, race, age, or education level. It is a serious public health issue and a violation of human rights.

"Chickens" is a common term used to refer to the domesticated bird, Gallus gallus domesticus, which is widely raised for its eggs and meat. However, in medical terms, "chickens" is not a standard term with a specific definition. If you have any specific medical concern or question related to chickens, such as food safety or allergies, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate answer.

Scrapie is a progressive, fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of sheep and goats. It is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases. The agent responsible for scrapie is thought to be an abnormal form of the prion protein, which can cause normal prion proteins in the brain to adopt the abnormal shape and accumulate, leading to brain damage and neurodegeneration.

Scrapie is characterized by several clinical signs, including changes in behavior, tremors, loss of coordination, itching, and excessive scraping of the fleece against hard surfaces, which gives the disease its name. The incubation period for scrapie can range from 2 to 5 years, and there is no known treatment or cure for the disease.

Scrapie is not considered a significant threat to human health, but it has served as a model for understanding other prion diseases, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, which can cause variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Dogs" is not a medical term or condition. It is the common name for a domesticated carnivore of the family Canidae, specifically the genus Canis, which includes wolves, foxes, and other extant and extinct species of mammals. Dogs are often kept as pets and companions, and they have been bred in a wide variety of forms and sizes for different purposes, such as hunting, herding, guarding, assisting police and military forces, and providing companionship and emotional support.

If you meant to ask about a specific medical condition or term related to dogs, please provide more context so I can give you an accurate answer.

Carnivora is an order of mammals that consists of animals whose primary diet consists of flesh. The term "Carnivora" comes from the Latin words "caro", meaning flesh, and "vorare", meaning to devour. This order includes a wide variety of species, ranging from large predators such as lions, tigers, and bears, to smaller animals such as weasels, otters, and raccoons.

While members of the Carnivora order are often referred to as "carnivores," it is important to note that not all members exclusively eat meat. Some species, such as raccoons and bears, have an omnivorous diet that includes both plants and animals. Additionally, some species within this order have evolved specialized adaptations for their specific diets, such as the elongated canines and carnassial teeth of felids (cats) and canids (dogs), which are adapted for tearing and shearing meat.

Overall, the medical definition of Carnivora refers to an order of mammals that have a diet primarily consisting of flesh, although not all members exclusively eat meat.

"Ducks" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to a group of birds that belong to the family Anatidae, which also includes swans and geese. Some ducks are hunted for their meat, feathers, or down, but they do not have any specific medical relevance. If you have any questions about a specific medical term or concept, I would be happy to help if you could provide more information!

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

"Battered Women" is a term used to describe women who have experienced repeated physical, emotional, sexual, or psychological abuse at the hands of an intimate partner. This pattern of behavior is often characterized by a power imbalance in the relationship, with the abuser using various tactics to control and intimidate the victim.

The term "battered" implies that the woman has been subjected to ongoing and severe violence, which can include punching, kicking, choking, burning, or use of weapons. Emotional abuse may involve threats, humiliation, isolation, or manipulation.

Battered women often experience a range of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms as a result of the abuse, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic pain. They may also face significant barriers to seeking help, such as fear of retaliation from their abuser, shame, or lack of resources.

It is important to note that anyone can be a victim of domestic violence, regardless of gender, age, race, or socioeconomic status. However, women are disproportionately affected by intimate partner violence, and the term "battered women" is often used to describe this specific population.

I'm not a medical professional, but I can tell you that "housekeeping" is not a term typically used in a medical context. It generally refers to the maintenance and cleaning of living spaces or workplaces. However, in a healthcare setting, "housekeeping" may refer to the environmental services department responsible for maintaining cleanliness and infection control within the facility. This includes tasks such as cleaning patient rooms, common areas, and medical equipment to prevent the spread of infections and maintain a safe environment for patients, staff, and visitors.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

A disease reservoir refers to a population or group of living organisms, including humans, animals, and even plants, that can naturally carry and transmit a particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) without necessarily showing symptoms of the disease themselves. These hosts serve as a source of infection for other susceptible individuals, allowing the pathogen to persist and circulate within a community or environment.

Disease reservoirs can be further classified into:

1. **Primary (or Main) Reservoir**: This refers to the species that primarily harbors and transmits the pathogen, contributing significantly to its natural ecology and maintaining its transmission cycle. For example, mosquitoes are the primary reservoirs for many arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses.

2. **Amplifying Hosts**: These hosts can become infected with the pathogen and experience a high rate of replication, leading to an increased concentration of the pathogen in their bodies. This allows for efficient transmission to other susceptible hosts or vectors. For instance, birds are amplifying hosts for West Nile virus, as they can become viremic (have high levels of virus in their blood) and infect feeding mosquitoes that then transmit the virus to other animals and humans.

3. **Dead-end Hosts**: These hosts may become infected with the pathogen but do not contribute significantly to its transmission cycle, as they either do not develop sufficient quantities of the pathogen to transmit it or do not come into contact with potential vectors or susceptible hosts. For example, humans are dead-end hosts for many zoonotic diseases like rabies, as they cannot transmit the virus to other humans.

Understanding disease reservoirs is crucial in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as it helps identify key species and environments that contribute to their persistence and transmission.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "horses" is not a medical term. It is the common name given to the species *Equus ferus caballus*, which are large domesticated mammals used for transportation, work, and recreation. If you have any questions about horses or a related topic that you would like a medical perspective on, please let me know and I'd be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poultry" is not a medical term. It is a agricultural and culinary term that refers to domestic birds (such as chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys) that are kept for their eggs, meat, or feathers. The study and care of these birds would fall under the field of veterinary medicine, but "poultry" itself is not a medical term.

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

Animal diseases are health conditions that primarily affect animals, including but not limited to, livestock, poultry, wildlife, and pets. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, genetic disorders, and environmental conditions. Some animal diseases can also pose a risk to human health, either directly or indirectly, through the consumption of contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals, or the spread of vectors like ticks and mosquitoes. Examples of animal diseases include rabies, avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and heartworm disease. It is important to monitor, control, and prevent the spread of animal diseases to protect animal health, food security, and public health.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.

In medical terms, "breeding" is not a term that is commonly used. It is more frequently used in the context of animal husbandry to refer to the process of mating animals in order to produce offspring with specific desired traits or characteristics. In human medicine, the term is not typically applied to people and instead, related concepts such as reproduction, conception, or pregnancy are used.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Triatoma is a genus of insects in the family Reduviidae, also known as "kissing bugs" or "conenose bugs." These insects are called "kissing bugs" because they often bite humans around the mouth and face. They are found primarily in the Americas, ranging from the southern United States to Argentina.

Triatoma species are of medical importance because they can transmit a parasitic infection called Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) to humans through their feces. The parasite that causes Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is found in the bug's feces and can enter the human body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin.

Chagas disease can cause serious health problems, including heart damage and digestive system complications, if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to take precautions to prevent Triatoma bites and seek medical attention promptly if bitten by one of these insects.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

Canidae is a biological family that includes dogs, wolves, foxes, and other members of the canine group. Canids are characterized by their long legs, narrow snouts, and sharp teeth adapted for hunting. They are generally social animals, often living in packs with complex hierarchies. Many species are known for their endurance and speed, as well as their strong sense of smell and hearing. Some members of this family are domesticated, such as dogs, while others remain wild and are sometimes kept as pets or used for hunting.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pets" is not a medical term. In general, a pet is a domesticated animal, usually kept for companionship or pleasure. They are not typically associated with medical definitions or terminology. If you have any questions related to veterinary medicine or the care of pets as it relates to human health, I'd be happy to try and help answer those!

Pulmonary Adenomatosis, Ovine, also known as Jaagsiekte or ovine pulmonary carcinoma, is a contagious and fatal disease that affects the lungs of sheep. It is caused by a retrovirus called jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). The virus infects the cells in the lung tissue leading to the formation of tumors known as adenomatosis.

The disease is characterized by progressive respiratory distress, weight loss, and eventual death. It is transmitted through the respiratory route, and infected animals can shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. The disease has a long incubation period, which can range from several months to years, making it difficult to control.

There is no effective treatment for pulmonary adenomatosis, ovine, and infected animals are usually euthanized to prevent the spread of the virus. Prevention measures include quarantine and testing of new sheep before introducing them into a flock, as well as reducing stress and maintaining good nutrition and overall health in the flock.

A fetus is the developing offspring in a mammal, from the end of the embryonic period (approximately 8 weeks after fertilization in humans) until birth. In humans, the fetal stage of development starts from the eleventh week of pregnancy and continues until childbirth, which is termed as full-term pregnancy at around 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. During this time, the organ systems become fully developed and the body grows in size. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac and is connected to the placenta via the umbilical cord, through which it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Regular prenatal care is essential during this period to monitor the growth and development of the fetus and ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

"Panthera" is not a medical term, but a biological genus name that includes large cats such as lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars, and snow leopards. It's a part of the taxonomic classification system used in biology to categorize and name organisms. Medical terminology typically relates to human health, disease processes, treatments, and anatomy.

I apologize for any confusion, but "deer" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to various species of hooved mammals belonging to the family Cervidae. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "wool" is not a term that has a medical definition. Wool refers to the thick coat of hair that is characteristic of sheep and some other animals. It is often used to create textiles and clothing due to its warmth and durability. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer them for you!

Artiodactyla is an order of mammals that includes even-toed ungulates, or hooved animals, with an odd number of toes. This group includes animals such as pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, deer, giraffes, antelopes, and ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats. The primary identifying feature of Artiodactyls is the presence of a pair of weight-bearing toes located in the middle of the foot, with the other toes being either reduced or absent. This arrangement provides stability and adaptability for these animals to thrive in various habitats worldwide.

Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding and raising animals for agricultural purposes, such as for the production of meat, milk, eggs, or fiber. It involves providing proper care for the animals, including feeding, housing, health care, and breeding management. The goal of animal husbandry is to maintain healthy and productive animals while also being mindful of environmental sustainability and animal welfare.

'Avian influenza' refers to the infection caused by avian (bird) influenza A viruses. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Avian influenza viruses do not normally infect humans, but rare cases of human infection have occurred mainly after close contact with infected birds or heavily contaminated environments.

There are many different subtypes of avian influenza viruses based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). There are 16 known HA subtypes and 9 known NA subtypes, creating a vast number of possible combinations. Some of these combinations cause severe disease and death in birds (e.g., H5N1, H7N9), while others only cause mild illness (e.g., H9N2).

Most avian influenza viruses do not infect humans. However, some forms are zoonotic, meaning they can infect animals and humans. The risk to human health is generally low. When human infections with avian influenza viruses have occurred, most have resulted from direct contact with infected poultry or surfaces contaminated by their feces.

Avian influenza viruses have caused several pandemics in the past, including the 1918 Spanish flu (H1N1), which was an H1N1 virus containing genes of avian origin. The concern is that a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus could mutate to become easily transmissible from human to human, leading to another pandemic. This is one of the reasons why avian influenza viruses are closely monitored by public health authorities worldwide.

Plant poisoning is a form of poisoning that occurs when someone ingests, inhales, or comes into contact with any part of a plant that contains toxic substances. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type and amount of plant consumed or exposed to, as well as the individual's age, health status, and sensitivity to the toxin.

Symptoms of plant poisoning may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, seizures, or in severe cases, even death. Some common plants that can cause poisoning include poison ivy, poison oak, foxglove, oleander, and hemlock, among many others.

If you suspect plant poisoning, it is important to seek medical attention immediately and bring a sample of the plant or information about its identity if possible. This will help healthcare providers diagnose and treat the poisoning more effectively.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.

I apologize for any confusion, but "livestock" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is an agricultural term that refers to animals that are kept or raised on a farm or ranch for commercial purposes, such as the production of food, fiber, or labor. Examples of livestock include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, and horses. I hope this clarifies any confusion. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I would be happy to help.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geese" is not a medical term. It refers to various waterbirds constituting the family Anatidae and the genus Branta, characterized by a long neck, wide wings, and a honking call. They are not related to human health or medicine. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to help you with those!

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "birds." Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, and lightweight but strong skeletons. Some birds, such as pigeons and chickens, have been used in medical research, but the term "birds" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

The rumen is the largest compartment of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep. It is a specialized fermentation chamber where microbes break down tough plant material into nutrients that the animal can absorb and use for energy and growth. The rumen contains billions of microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, which help to break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in the plant material through fermentation.

The rumen is characterized by its large size, muscular walls, and the presence of a thick mat of partially digested food and microbes called the rumen mat or cud. The animal regurgitates the rumen contents periodically to chew it again, which helps to break down the plant material further and mix it with saliva, creating a more favorable environment for fermentation.

The rumen plays an essential role in the digestion and nutrition of ruminant animals, allowing them to thrive on a diet of low-quality plant material that would be difficult for other animals to digest.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lions" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Lions are large, carnivorous mammals that are part of the Felidae family, specifically Panthera leo. If you have any questions about lions or if there's another term you meant to ask about, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.

DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.

The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.

In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that primarily affects felines, including domestic cats and wild cats. It is the feline equivalent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4+ T-cells, leading to a decline in the immune function over time.

This makes the infected cat more susceptible to various secondary infections and diseases. It is usually transmitted through bite wounds from infected cats during fighting or mating. Mother to offspring transmission can also occur, either in utero, during birth, or through nursing.

There is no cure for FIV, but antiretroviral therapy can help manage the disease and improve the quality of life for infected cats. It's important to note that while FIV-positive cats can live normal lives for many years, they should be kept indoors to prevent transmission to other cats and to protect them from opportunistic infections.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Wolves" are not a medical term, but rather they refer to a large canine species. If you're asking about a medical condition that might be referred to as "wolf," the closest possible term I could find is "wolfian development." This term refers to the development of structures in the human body that originate from the wolfian ducts during embryonic development, such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles in males. However, I want to emphasize that this is not a common medical term and might not be what you're looking for.

Lentivirus infections refer to the infectious disease caused by lentiviruses, a genus of retroviruses. These viruses are characterized by their ability to cause persistent and long-term infections, often leading to chronic diseases. They primarily target cells of the immune system, such as T-cells and macrophages, and can cause significant immunosuppression.

Lentiviruses have a slow replication cycle and can remain dormant in the host for extended periods. This makes them particularly effective at evading the host's immune response and can result in progressive damage to infected tissues over time.

One of the most well-known lentiviruses is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T-cells, leading to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Other examples of lentiviruses include simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). While these viruses primarily infect non-human animals, they are closely related to HIV and serve as important models for studying lentivirus infections and developing potential therapies.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Puma" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common name for several species of large American cats, and it can also be a brand of sports apparel and footwear. If you have any other health or medical terms you would like me to define, please let me know!

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals and populations. These variations can result from mutations, genetic recombination, or gene flow between populations. Genetic variation is essential for evolution by providing the raw material upon which natural selection acts. It can occur within a single gene, between different genes, or at larger scales, such as differences in the number of chromosomes or entire sets of chromosomes. The study of genetic variation is crucial in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and traits, as well as the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

Perissodactyla is not a medical term, but rather a taxonomic order in zoology. It includes mammals with an odd number of toes on each foot and a particular type of digestive system called "hindgut fermentation." The order Perissodactyla includes horses, rhinos, and tapirs.

A "camel" is a large, even-toed ungulate that belongs to the genus Camelus in the family Camelidae. There are two species of camels: the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), also known as the Arabian camel, which has one hump, and the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), which has two humps.

Camels are well adapted to life in arid environments and are native to the Middle East and Central Asia. They have long legs, large, flat feet that help them walk on sand, and a thick coat of hair that helps protect them from the sun and cold temperatures. Camels are also known for their ability to store fat in their humps, which they can convert into water and energy when food and water are scarce.

Camels have been domesticated for thousands of years and have played an important role in human history as transportation, pack animals, and sources of meat, milk, and wool. They are also used in traditional medicine and religious ceremonies in some cultures.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Foxes" is not a term that has a widely accepted or specific medical definition. The common fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a species of small omnivorous mammals, and while there can be medical issues related to foxes or other animals in certain contexts, such as zoonotic diseases, "Foxes" itself does not have a medical connotation. If you have any specific medical query, I'd be happy to try and help with that.

"Rupicapra" is not a medical term, but a genus name for a group of wild caprine animals, also known as wild goats. The two living species are the Western Rupicapra (Rupicapra rupicapra) and the Eastern Rupicapra (Rupicapra pyrenaica). They are native to mountainous regions in Europe and Asia.

In a medical context, "rupicapra" may appear in rare cases as part of a scientific name for a disease or condition that is named after the animal, but I couldn't find any specific examples of this usage.

Insect vectors are insects that transmit disease-causing pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites) from one host to another. They do this while feeding on the host's blood or tissues. The insects themselves are not infected by the pathogen but act as mechanical carriers that pass it on during their bite. Examples of diseases spread by insect vectors include malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes), Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks), and plague (transmitted by fleas). Proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellent and reducing standing water where mosquitoes breed, can help reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.

Mycoplasma conjunctivae is a species of bacteria that belongs to the class Mollicutes and the genus Mycoplasma. It is known to cause infectious keratoconjunctivitis, an inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva, in various animals such as sheep, goats, and wild ungulates (hoofed mammals).

This bacterium lacks a cell wall, which makes it resistant to many antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. It can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites (inanimate objects), making it a significant pathogen in veterinary medicine, particularly in intensive farming settings.

It is important to note that Mycoplasma conjunctivae does not infect humans and is not associated with any human diseases.

Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.

Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.

These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Lymph is a colorless, transparent fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune and circulatory systems. It consists of white blood cells called lymphocytes, proteins, lipids, glucose, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. Lymph plays an essential role in maintaining fluid balance, absorbing fats from the digestive tract, and defending the body against infection by transporting immune cells to various tissues and organs. It is collected from tissues through lymph capillaries and flows through increasingly larger lymphatic vessels, ultimately returning to the bloodstream via the subclavian veins in the chest region.

Piroplasmida is an order of tick-borne intracellular parasites that infect the red blood cells of various mammals, including humans. These parasites are part of the phylum Apicomplexa and include two main genera: Babesia and Theileria.

Babesia spp. are primarily responsible for causing babesiosis in animals and humans, while Theileria spp. mainly infect cattle, causing a disease known as East Coast fever or Corridor disease. Transmission of these parasites occurs through the bite of infected ticks during their blood meal.

The life cycle of Piroplasmida involves several stages, including sporozoites, merozoites, and gametes. Sporozoites are injected into the host's bloodstream by an infected tick and invade red blood cells, where they multiply as merozoites. These merozoites can then infect other red blood cells or be taken up by another tick during its blood meal, continuing the life cycle.

Symptoms of babesiosis in humans may include fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and hemolytic anemia. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or even death. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic drugs like atovaquone and azithromycin, along with supportive care for managing symptoms.

Mite infestations refer to the presence and multiplication of mites, which are tiny arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida, on or inside a host's body. This can occur in various sites such as the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, depending on the specific mite species.

Skin infestations by mites, also known as dermatophilosis or mange, are common and may cause conditions like scabies (caused by Sarcoptes scabiei) or demodecosis (caused by Demodex spp.). These conditions can lead to symptoms such as itching, rash, and skin lesions.

Lung infestations by mites, although rare, can occur in people who work in close contact with mites, such as farmers or laboratory workers. This condition is called "mite lung" or "farmer's lung," which is often caused by exposure to high levels of dust containing mite feces and dead mites.

Gastrointestinal infestations by mites can occur in animals but are extremely rare in humans. The most common example is the intestinal roundworm, which belongs to the phylum Nematoda rather than Arachnida.

It's important to note that mite infestations can be treated with appropriate medical interventions and prevention measures.

Bluetongue is a viral disease that primarily affects sheep and some species of cattle, goats, and wild ruminants. The disease is named for the bluish discoloration of the tongue that can occur in severe cases. It is transmitted by midges (Culicoides spp.) and occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

The symptoms of Bluetongue include fever, salivation, difficulty breathing, swelling of the head and neck, and lameness. In severe cases, it can cause death. The disease is not contagious between animals and cannot be spread through contact or ingestion of contaminated feed or water.

There are several different serotypes of Bluetongue virus, and immunity to one serotype does not provide cross-protection against other serotypes. Vaccination is available for some serotypes in certain regions, but it may not be effective against all serotypes. Control measures typically focus on reducing exposure to midges through the use of insect repellents, screens, and other barriers.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.

In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.

'Bird diseases' is a broad term that refers to the various medical conditions and infections that can affect avian species. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances and can affect pet birds, wild birds, and poultry. Some common bird diseases include:

1. Avian influenza (bird flu) - a viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, decreased appetite, and sudden death in birds.
2. Psittacosis (parrot fever) - a bacterial infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, fever, and lethargy in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
3. Aspergillosis - a fungal infection that can cause respiratory symptoms and weight loss in birds.
4. Candidiasis (thrush) - a fungal infection that can affect the mouth, crop, and other parts of the digestive system in birds.
5. Newcastle disease - a viral infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, neurological signs, and decreased egg production in birds.
6. Salmonellosis - a bacterial infection that can cause diarrhea, lethargy, and decreased appetite in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
7. Trichomoniasis - a parasitic infection that can affect the mouth, crop, and digestive system in birds.
8. Chlamydiosis (psittacosis) - a bacterial infection that can cause respiratory symptoms, lethargy, and decreased appetite in birds and humans who come into contact with them.
9. Coccidiosis - a parasitic infection that can affect the digestive system in birds.
10. Mycobacteriosis (avian tuberculosis) - a bacterial infection that can cause chronic weight loss, respiratory symptoms, and skin lesions in birds.

It is important to note that some bird diseases can be transmitted to humans and other animals, so it is essential to practice good hygiene when handling birds or their droppings. If you suspect your bird may be sick, it is best to consult with a veterinarian who specializes in avian medicine.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "hair color" is not a term that has a medical definition in the same way that a term like "myocardial infarction" (heart attack) does. Hair color can be described in various ways, such as being a natural hair color (like blonde, brunette, red, or black) or describing a change in hair color due to factors like aging (gray or white hairs) or hair dye usage.

However, it's worth noting that changes in hair color can sometimes be associated with certain medical conditions. For example, premature graying of the hair before the age of 30 can be a feature of certain genetic disorders or vitamin B12 deficiency. Similarly, some skin conditions like alopecia areata or vitiligo can cause patchy changes in hair color. But these associations don't provide a medical definition for 'hair color'.

The omasum is the third compartment of the ruminant stomach, located between the rumen and the abomasum. It is also known as the manyplies because of its structure, which consists of numerous folds or leaves that are arranged in a circular pattern. The main function of the omasum is to absorb water, electrolytes, and volatile fatty acids from the digesta that passes through it, helping to concentrate the solids and prepare them for further digestion in the abomasum.

Poultry diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious disorders that affect domesticated birds, particularly those raised for meat, egg, or feather production. These diseases can be caused by various factors including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, genetic predisposition, environmental conditions, and management practices.

Infectious poultry diseases are often highly contagious and can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased production, increased mortality, and reduced quality of products. Some examples of infectious poultry diseases include avian influenza, Newcastle disease, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, mycoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and coccidiosis.

Non-infectious poultry diseases can be caused by factors such as poor nutrition, environmental stressors, and management issues. Examples of non-infectious poultry diseases include ascites, fatty liver syndrome, sudden death syndrome, and various nutritional deficiencies.

Prevention and control of poultry diseases typically involve a combination of biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, good management practices, and monitoring for early detection and intervention. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of poultry diseases is crucial to implementing effective treatment and prevention strategies, and can help minimize the impact of disease outbreaks on both individual flocks and the broader poultry industry.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.

The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.

In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.

"Animal pregnancy" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. However, in biological terms, animal pregnancy refers to the condition where a fertilized egg (or eggs) implants and develops inside the reproductive tract of a female animal, leading to the birth of offspring (live young).

The specific details of animal pregnancy can vary widely between different species, with some animals exhibiting phenomena such as placental development, gestation periods, and hormonal changes that are similar to human pregnancy, while others may have very different reproductive strategies.

It's worth noting that the study of animal pregnancy and reproduction is an important area of biological research, as it can provide insights into fundamental mechanisms of embryonic development, genetics, and evolution.

Nematode infections, also known as roundworm infections, are caused by various species of nematodes or roundworms. These parasitic worms can infect humans and animals, leading to a range of health problems depending on the specific type of nematode and the location of the infection within the body.

Common forms of nematode infections include:

1. Ascariasis: Caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, this infection occurs when people ingest the parasite's eggs through contaminated food or water. The larvae hatch in the small intestine, mature into adult worms, and can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, the worms may obstruct the intestines or migrate to other organs, leading to potentially life-threatening complications.
2. Hookworm infections: These are caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. The larvae penetrate the skin, usually through bare feet, and migrate to the small intestine, where they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and protein loss.
3. Trichuriasis: Also known as whipworm infection, this is caused by Trichuris trichiura. The larvae hatch in the small intestine, mature into adult worms, and reside in the large intestine, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal prolapse in severe cases.
4. Strongyloidiasis: Caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, this infection occurs when the larvae penetrate the skin, usually through contaminated soil, and migrate to the lungs and then the small intestine. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and skin rashes. In immunocompromised individuals, strongyloidiasis can lead to disseminated disease, which is potentially fatal.
5. Toxocariasis: This infection is caused by the roundworms Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati, found in dogs and cats, respectively. Humans become infected through ingestion of contaminated soil or undercooked meat. Symptoms include fever, cough, abdominal pain, and vision loss in severe cases.
6. Enterobiasis: Also known as pinworm infection, this is caused by Enterobius vermicularis. The larvae hatch in the small intestine, mature into adult worms, and reside in the large intestine, causing perianal itching and restlessness, especially at night.

Preventive measures include:

1. Proper hand hygiene: Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, handling pets or their feces, and before preparing or eating food.
2. Personal hygiene: Keep fingernails short and clean, avoid biting nails, and wear shoes in public areas, especially where soil may be contaminated with human or animal feces.
3. Food safety: Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, cook meat properly, and avoid consuming raw or undercooked meat, poultry, or fish.
4. Environmental cleanliness: Regularly clean surfaces that come into contact with food, such as countertops, cutting boards, and utensils. Dispose of trash properly and maintain a clean living environment.
5. Pet care: Keep pets healthy and regularly deworm them as recommended by a veterinarian. Pick up pet feces promptly to prevent contamination of the environment.
6. Public health measures: Implement public health interventions, such as regular waste disposal, sewage treatment, and vector control, to reduce the transmission of parasitic infections.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "buffaloes." The term generally refers to large, hoofed mammals that are native to Africa and Asia. In English language slang, the term "buffalo" is sometimes used to describe a lie or exaggeration, but this usage is not related to the medical field. If you have more context about where you encountered this term, I may be able to provide a more specific answer.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "water supply" is not a medical term per se. It is a general term used to describe the system or arrangement providing water for consumption or use, such as a public water supply system or a private well. However, in a medical context, it could refer to the source of water used in a healthcare facility for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and patient care, which must meet certain quality standards to prevent infection and ensure safety.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Contagious ecthyma is a skin infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. It is also known as "contagious pustular dermatosis" or "infectious ecthyma." The infection typically affects exposed areas of the body, such as the hands and feet, and causes lesions that progress from papules to pustules, then to shallow ulcers with a necrotic base.

The infection is spread through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. It is more common in people with weakened immune systems, poor hygiene, or who live in crowded conditions. Contagious ecthyma can be treated with antibiotics, either topical or systemic, and good wound care to prevent secondary infections. If left untreated, the infection can lead to complications such as cellulitis, lymphangitis, or bacteremia.

"Comb" and "wattles" are terms used to describe fleshy appendages found in some animals, particularly birds. They are composed of skin and connective tissue, and are often brightly colored. While they don't have a direct medical definition, I can provide you with their general definitions:

1. Comb: In animals such as chickens, roosters, and other fowl, the comb is the fleshy, usually red, crown-like structure on top of the head. It varies in size and shape among different breeds and serves as a secondary sexual characteristic in males. The comb helps regulate body temperature and plays a role in courtship displays.

2. Wattles: These are the long, fleshy appendages that hang from either side of an animal's face or throat, often seen in conjunction with combs. Like combs, wattles are more prominent in males than females and serve as secondary sexual characteristics. They also play a role in thermoregulation and courtship displays.

While these structures are not typically associated with medical definitions, they can be subject to various health issues, such as frostbite, injuries, or infections. In those cases, veterinary medicine would address the specific health concerns related to combs and wattles.

A ruminant stomach is not a term that is typically used in human medicine, but it is a key feature of the digestive system in animals that are classified as ruminants. Ruminants are hoofed mammals that chew their cud, such as cattle, deer, sheep, and goats.

The ruminant stomach is actually composed of four distinct compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. These compartments work together to break down plant material through a process of fermentation by microbes.

The rumen is the largest of the compartments and functions as a fermentation vat where plant material is broken down by microbes into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the animal. The reticulum is connected to the rumen and helps sort and move the partially digested food particles.

The omasum is a smaller compartment that absorbs water and some nutrients from the digesta before it passes into the abomasum, which is the final compartment and functions similarly to the human stomach, where digestive enzymes are secreted to further break down the food and absorb nutrients.

Therefore, a ruminant stomach refers to the complex and specialized digestive system found in animals that chew their cud, allowing them to efficiently extract nutrients from plant material.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "antelopes" is a common name that refers to a group of hoofed mammals in the family Bovidae. They are not a medical term or concept. Antelopes are known for their speed and agility, and they are found primarily in Africa, with a few species in Asia.

If you have any questions related to biology, veterinary medicine, or any other scientific field, I would be happy to help answer them to the best of my ability!

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Argentina" is a country in South America and not a medical term or concept. The term "argyria" may be what you're looking for, which is a rare condition resulting from the accumulation of silver compounds in the body, causing the skin to turn blue-gray. However, Argentina and argyria are two distinct terms with different meanings.

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan *Trypanosoma cruzi*. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine bugs (also called "kissing bugs"), which defecate on the skin of people while they are sleeping. The disease can also be spread through contaminated food or drink, during blood transfusions, from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth, and through organ transplantation.

The acute phase of Chagas disease can cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and vomiting. However, many people do not experience any symptoms during the acute phase. After several weeks or months, most people enter the chronic phase of the disease, which can last for decades or even a lifetime. During this phase, many people do not have any symptoms, but about 20-30% of infected individuals will develop serious cardiac or digestive complications, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or difficulty swallowing.

Chagas disease is primarily found in Latin America, where it is estimated that around 6-7 million people are infected with the parasite. However, due to increased travel and migration, cases of Chagas disease have been reported in other parts of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia. There is no vaccine for Chagas disease, but medications are available to treat the infection during the acute phase and to manage symptoms during the chronic phase.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lynx" is not a medical term. It refers to a genus of wild cats that includes the bobcat and several other species. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, please let me know!

Foot rot, also known as pododermatitis, is a common infectious disease in cloven-hoofed animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle. It's typically caused by a mixture of bacteria, usually Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella spp., that infect the soft tissues of the foot, leading to inflammation, necrosis (tissue death), and often foul-smelling discharge.

The infection often begins between the claws or toes, where the skin is more susceptible to damage and moisture accumulation. The affected area may become painful, swollen, and sensitive to pressure, making it difficult for the animal to walk or stand. In severe cases, foot rot can lead to lameness, decreased feed intake, weight loss, and even death if left untreated.

Foot rot is highly contagious and can spread quickly among animals in close contact, such as those in confined spaces or sharing pastures. Prevention strategies include maintaining good sanitation and dry conditions, trimming hooves regularly to prevent overgrowth and reduce moisture accumulation, and vaccinating against the bacteria responsible for foot rot. Rapid detection and treatment of infected animals are crucial to controlling the spread of this disease in animal populations.

PrP^Sc (prion protein scrapie) is a misfolded, abnormal conformational isoform of the prion protein (PrP), which is associated with a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). These diseases affect both humans and animals and include conditions like bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or "mad cow disease") in cattle, scrapie in sheep, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans.

The PrP protein is a naturally occurring, normal cellular protein found primarily in the brain and central nervous system. It has a predominantly alpha-helical structure under physiological conditions. However, during the development of prion diseases, PrP^Sc forms through a conformational change where the alpha-helical regions are replaced by beta-sheet structures. This misfolded protein can aggregate and form amyloid fibrils, which deposit in various brain regions leading to neurodegeneration, spongiform changes, gliosis, and neuronal loss.

Importantly, PrP^Sc is thought to have self-propagating properties, as it can induce the conversion of normal PrP into more PrP^Sc through a process called seeded polymerization or templated misfolding. This mechanism is believed to underlie the infectious nature and transmissibility of prion diseases.

Prions are misfolded proteins that can induce other normal proteins to also adopt the misfolded shape, leading to the formation of aggregates. These abnormal prion protein aggregates are associated with a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Examples of TSEs include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or "mad cow disease") in cattle, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. The misfolded prion proteins are resistant to degradation by proteases, which contributes to their accumulation and subsequent neuronal damage, ultimately resulting in spongiform degeneration of the brain and other neurological symptoms associated with TSEs.

A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (FAIDS) is a progressive immune disorder in cats caused by infection with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The virus attacks and weakens the cat's immune system, making it difficult for the animal to fight off other infections and diseases.

The initial infection with FIV may cause symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, and loss of appetite. However, many cats do not show any signs of illness for years after the initial infection. As the immune system becomes weaker over time, the cat becomes more susceptible to various secondary infections, cancers, and other diseases. Common symptoms in advanced stages of FAIDS include weight loss, chronic or recurring infections (such as respiratory, skin, or gastrointestinal infections), dental disease, anemia, and neurological disorders.

FAIDS is most commonly spread through bite wounds from infected cats, as the virus is present in their saliva. It can also be transmitted through sexual contact or from mother to kitten during pregnancy or nursing. There is no cure for FAIDS, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help manage the infection and slow down its progression. Supportive care, such as proper nutrition, regular veterinary check-ups, and monitoring for secondary infections, is essential for maintaining the cat's quality of life.

It is important to note that FIV is species-specific and cannot be transmitted from cats to humans or other animals, except non-human primates.

A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.

Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.

Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Bison" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to large, hoofed mammals that are part of the Bovidae family, which also includes cattle, buffalo, and antelope. The two most commonly known species of bison are the American bison (Bison bison) and the European bison, or wisent (Bison bonasus). These animals are native to North America and Europe, respectively, and have distinctive features such as a large head, humped back, and shaggy coat. They once roamed in great herds but were hunted to near extinction in the late 19th century. Conservation efforts have helped bring their populations back from the brink, although they still face threats from habitat loss and disease.

Sewage is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to public health and medicine. Sewage is the wastewater that is produced by households and industries, which contains a variety of contaminants including human waste, chemicals, and other pollutants. It can contain various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause diseases in humans if they come into contact with it or consume contaminated food or water. Therefore, the proper treatment and disposal of sewage is essential to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and protect public health.

... sheep producers have inadvertently caused some domestic sheep to have difficulty lambing. However, it is a myth that sheep ... Domestic sheep reproduce sexually much like other mammals, and their reproductive strategy is furthermore very similar to other ... Low-cost sheep breeding is based on large numbers of sheep per labour unit and having ewes that are capable of unsupervised ... In the large sheep producing nations of South America, Australia and New Zealand sheep are usually bred on large tracts of land ...
Uncontrolled domestic dogs also regularly menace and kill sheep. Occasionally wedge-tailed eagles will kill young sheep up to ... Worldwide, canids-including the domestic dog-are responsible for the majority of sheep deaths. Other animals that prey on sheep ... As all NASS statistics on sheep only take into account sheep after docking, the American Sheep Industry Association estimates ... Domestic dogs are also a common cause of predation of lambs and sheep (they can also sometimes die of shock after any attempted ...
... is a distinct variety of the Welsh Mountain breed of domestic sheep bred for sheep farming in Wales. It is a hardy upland breed ... Sheep breeds originating in Wales, Sheep breeds, All stub articles, Sheep stubs). ... The National Sheep Association. Retrieved 2009-05-14. "Badger Face Welsh Mountain". Sheep Breeds A - Ba. Sheep101.info. ... Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-15. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Badger Face Welsh ...
The Charollais is a breed of domestic sheep originating in east central France, in the same region in which Charolais cattle ... "Charollais Sheep , Canadian Co-operative Wool Growers Limited". wool.ca. Retrieved 2018-11-26. "Sheep 201: US Sheep Breeds A-Z ... The British Charollais Sheep Society Canadian Charollais Sheep Breeders Society The Irish Charollais Sheep Society Charollais ... "British Charollais Sheep". Retrieved 2015-08-15. "Charollais/France". Breed Data Sheet. Domestic Animal Diversity Information ...
"Adali/Ethiopia". Domestic Animal Diversity Information Service. Retrieved 2009-05-07. "General Breed Information". Domestic ... Sheep breeds, All stub articles, Sheep stubs, Sheep breeds originating in Ethiopia). ... Adal is a domesticated breed of fat-tailed sheep from Ethiopia. They are bred mostly for their meat. The Adal is unicolored ...
The Galway sheep is a breed of domestic sheep originating in County Galway, in the west of Ireland, based on the earlier ... Although these sheep were classified as Longwool, they did not have the very long staple characteristic of breeds such as the ... Galway sheep were imported to England until the 1900s. In 2023, Roscommon County Council passed a motion that the ram's head on ... They are a large, polled, white-faced sheep, having a characteristic bob of wool on the head and legs. The outer lips are of a ...
The Cholistani is a breed of domestic sheep from Punjab, Pakistan. Though the Cholistani grows wool, it is raised primarily for ... "Cholistani/Pakistan". Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-06-18. v t e (Articles with short ... description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All stub articles, Sheep stubs, Livestock in Punjab, Sheep breeds, ...
A sheep bleating A sheep bleat Problems playing this file? See media help. Sounds made by domestic sheep include bleats, grunts ... sheep) Dry Sheep Equivalent Fictional sheep Rava sheep Sheepfold Shrek (sheep) Sonny Wool U.S. Sheep Experiment Station Venray ... Sheep (PL: sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Although the ... American Sheep Industry Sheep Industry (Queensland) Canadian Sheep Federation National Sheep Association (UK) New Zealand ...
... is a breed of domestic sheep originating in the highlands of South and Central America. In the mid 16th Century, Spanish ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, All stub articles, Sheep stubs, Sheep ...
The Targhee is an American breed of domestic sheep. It was developed in the early twentieth century at the U.S. Sheep ... Sheep breeds, Sheep breeds originating in the United States, All stub articles, Sheep stubs). ... Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-09-09. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... The Targhee is named after the Targhee National Forest, which surrounds the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station in Idaho. Their ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-09-01. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Lleyn sheep are a breed of sheep from the Llŷn peninsula ('Lleyn'), in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. They are bred for prolificacy ... is different from Wikidata, Sheep breeds, Sheep breeds originating in Wales, Gwynedd, Llŷn Peninsula, All stub articles, Sheep ... "The Breed". Lleyn Sheep Society. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-10. "Lleyn/United Kingdom ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 4 September 2009. "The fortunes of Portland sheep take a ewe turn". BBC ... "Portland". Sheep Breeds - O-P. Sheep101.info. Retrieved 28 April 2009. Portland Sheep Breeders Group (Articles with short ... In adult sheep the front legs and the rear legs below the hocks are free of wool. The feet are mainly black. The meat has a ... The Portland is a small sheep, with a cream fleece and golden tan face and legs. Both sexes are horned: in the adult male the ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-14. Yazdi, M. H.; Eftekhari-Shahroudi, F.; Hejazi, M.; ... Body weight differences between single sheep and twin sheep are greater at birth and before weaning, but those differences tend ... Sheep breeds, Sheep breeds originating in Pakistan, Balochistan, Economy of Balochistan, Pakistan, Agriculture in Balochistan, ... This is because twin sheep have to share their mother's milk. "Baluchi". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University, Dept. ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-09-08. "Breed description: Ruda". SHEEP in ALBANIA. Department of ... In 2009, Ruda sheep is the most endangered breed of sheep in the Republic of Croatia. The Ruda sheep originated from the ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Sheep breeds, Mammals of Europe, Sheep ... "BREED DESCRIPTIONS: UNIFORM-WOOLED (RUDA) BREEDS". Declining breeds of Mediterranean sheep. Food and Agriculture Organization ...
Romanov is a breed of domestic sheep originating from the Upper Volga region in Russia. These domestic sheep got the name ... "Romanov". Sheep Breeds - R. Sheep101.info. Retrieved 2008-03-12. "Romanov/Ukraine". Breed Data Sheet. Domestic Animal Diversity ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Romanov sheep. North American Romanov Sheep Association (Articles with short description ... These sheep are adapted to the cold inland climate and local feeding. Romanovs are one of the Northern European short-tailed ...
The Debouillet is a breed of domestic sheep originating from Tatum, New Mexico. It was developed in the 1920s through crossing ... Sheep stubs, Sheep breeds originating in the United States, Sheep breeds). ... Debouillet sheep at the American Sheep Industry Association website v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Specifically adapted to the arid ranges of the Southwestern U.S., the breed is a medium-size sheep with long, fine wool. Ewes ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-18. "Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra". Terrestrial ... "Bizet". Heritage Sheep Breeds. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2009-05-18. v t e (Articles with short ... The Bizet [bi.ze] is a domesticated breed of sheep originating from France. It grows wool but is primarily raised for meat. In ... description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages with French IPA, Sheep breeds originating in France, Sheep ...
"Assaf". Sheep Breeds A - Ba. Sheep101.info. Retrieved 2009-05-13. "Assaf/Israel". Breed data sheet. Domestic Animal Diversity ... Assaf is a breed of domesticated sheep from Israel. The Assaf sheep is the product of crossbreeding the Awassi and East ... Agricultural research in Israel Sheep husbandry Agriculture in Israel Pollute GE, Gootwine E (2004). "Reproductive performance ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Sheep ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-09-09. "Arapawa Island sheep". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State ... Sheep breeds, All stub articles, Sheep stubs, Sheep breeds originating in New Zealand, Feral sheep). ... The Arapawa Sheep is a breed of feral sheep found primarily on Arapaoa Island (formerly called Arapawa Island) in the ... On rare occasions, an all-white sheep can be observed. "Cocktail" Arapawas are those that are white spotted. "Arapawa Sheep: A ...
"Kinds of Sheep". Sheep 101. Retrieved 2011-05-05. "Teeswater/United Kingdom". Breed Data Sheet. Domestic Animal Diversity ... "Teeswater". Sheep Breeds - St-U. Sheep 101. Retrieved 2009-05-04. Loudon, John (1825). An Encyclopaedia of Agriculture. London ... Teeswater sheep have been bred in northern England for about two hundred years;[citation needed] the breed was rare by the ... The Teeswater is a breed of sheep from Teesdale, England. It is a longwool breed that produces a generally large-diameter fibre ...
Central Sheep and Wool Institute, India. Retrieved 18 September 2014. "Gaddi/India". Breed data sheet. Domestic Animal ... Sheep breeds, Sheep breeds originating in India, Economy of Himachal Pradesh, All stub articles, Sheep stubs). ... Gaddi is a breed of domesticated sheep found in India. They are one of eight different breeds of sheep found in the northern ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-08. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Sheep breeds, All stub articles, Sheep stubs, Sheep breeds ... Alai is a breed of domesticated sheep found in Kyrgyzstan. This breed is a dual purpose breed raised for its meat and wool. ...
The Chios is a breed of domestic sheep with specific unknown origins. It is classified as a semi-fat tailed breed. The Chios ... Based on this fact, a study in order to produce a typology of intensive Chios dairy sheep farms in Greece was conducted. From ... In a recent survey, the farm conditions and production methods in intensively reared flocks of Chios sheep in Greece have been ... "Chios/Greece". Domestic Animal Diversity Information Service. Retrieved 2009-06-18. "Chiosheep". chiosheep.gr. Archived from ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-15. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Sheep stubs, Sheep breeds originating in Afghanistan, Sheep breeds originating in Pakistan). ... The Balkhi is a domesticated breed of sheep found in Afghanistan and North-western Pakistan. This breed is of the fat-tailed ... is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' microformats, Sheep breeds, All stub articles, ...
The Soay sheep is a breed of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) descended from a population of feral sheep on the 100-hectare (250- ... It remains physically similar to the wild ancestors of domestic sheep, the Mediterranean mouflon and the horned urial sheep of ... Study discovers secret of Scottish sheep evolution Soay Sheep Society of the UK The Sheep of St Kilda Portals: Mammals Animals ... Sheep breeds, Commons category link is on Wikidata, Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist, Fauna of St Kilda, Scotland, Sheep ...
The Comeback is a type of domestic sheep originating in Australia. This type of sheep results from crossbreds produced by ... Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-06-19. "Comeback Sheep". Chronicle. 1928-06-16. Retrieved 2015-08- ... An alternative to this tricky situation may be to choose a Polwarth Sheep instead of a Comeback Sheep as they both have a ... The Land Stock Types, Rural Press, North Richmond, NSW Running a small flock of sheep retrieved 2010-2-15 Sheep breed ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-05-08. "West African". Sheep Breeds V-Z. Sheep101.info. Retrieved ... Sheep breeds, All stub articles, Sheep stubs, Sheep breeds originating in Colombia, Sheep breeds originating in Venezuela). ... Africana is a breed of domesticated sheep (also known as Pelona, Camuro or Camura, Red African, Rojo Africana, Colombian ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-09-09. (Articles with short description, Short description is ... The Balwen Welsh Mountain sheep is one of a number of varieties of Welsh Mountain sheep, bred for sheep farming in Wales. It ... The Balwen sheep has a base colour of black, fading to brown in sunlight and greying with age. It has a white blaze on the face ... All modern Balwen sheep are therefore presumably descended from this one ram, although it is possible that some of the ewes may ...
The Gute (Swedish: Gutefår) is a landrace-based breed of domestic sheep native to the Swedish island of Gotland. The Gute is ... Grey and Black sheep typically have light hair around the eyes and face. The white sheep are seldom all white. White sheep ... Sheep breeds originating in Sweden, Sheep breeds, All stub articles, Sheep stubs). ... Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-08-31. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gute sheep. The Gute ...
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Retrieved 2009-08-31. British Gotland Sheep Society American Gotland Sheep ... is a breed of domestic sheep named for the Swedish island of Gotland. A breed of Northern European short-tailed sheep, they are ... Susan Schoenian, Sheep and Goat Specialist University of Maryland. "Gotland". Sheep Breeds G-I. Sheep101.info. Retrieved 2009- ... the American Gotland Sheep Society and the Gotland Sheep Breeders Association of North America. In 2012, frozen embryos were ...
... sheep producers have inadvertently caused some domestic sheep to have difficulty lambing. However, it is a myth that sheep ... Domestic sheep reproduce sexually much like other mammals, and their reproductive strategy is furthermore very similar to other ... Low-cost sheep breeding is based on large numbers of sheep per labour unit and having ewes that are capable of unsupervised ... In the large sheep producing nations of South America, Australia and New Zealand sheep are usually bred on large tracts of land ...
Kobuvirus in Domestic Sheep, Hungary. Volume 16, Number 5-May 2010. Article Views: 263. Data is collected weekly and does not ... Kobuvirus in Domestic Sheep, Hungary. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2010;16(5):869-870. doi:10.3201/eid1605.091934.. ... On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) ,3 weeks of age ... Reuter, G., Boros, Á., Pankovics, P., & Egyed, L. (2010). Kobuvirus in Domestic Sheep, Hungary. Emerging Infectious Diseases, ...
Felted sheep head with fleece, made in felted Faroese sheep wool and displayed at the North Atlantic Native Sheep & Wool ... The Domestic Soundscape making, listening, [email protected]. Shetland Sheep & Wool. One of the best things ... Meeting sheep is one important step in closing the gaps between producers and users of wool, however the journey from sheep to ... Meeting the sheep emphasises how the little balls of Shetland yarn I like to knit with start out as living fleece on the back ...
Sheep spent more time lying idle on native foothill range than on seeded pastures. At the spring foothill location the sheep ... Sheep were highly synchronous in their choice of activity. Sheep spent more time feeding on seeded foothill range than on ... Rambouillet sheep were loosely herded on the sagebrush-aspen areas on mountain range and were unherded on foothill range where ... Sheep daily repeated a bimodal routine of early morning feeding followed by midday ruminating and resting which lasted until ...
Adult ixodid ticks on sheep in the Cape Province and in the Orange Free Stat ... Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXI. ... Helminths of sheep on four farms in the Eastern Cape Province ... 1991: Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. 25. Ixodid ticks on sheep in the north-eastern Orange Free State ... Horak, I.G. 2005: Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVI. Oestrid fly larvae of sheep, goats, springbok ...
Domestic Sheep - Wool Production - Landscape Changes, poster presented at the evaluation of the Topoi-Project 15. 1. 2015, ... Using a multi-proxy approach, the origin of woolly sheep, the paths and speed of their dispersal throughout the Old World and ... Wool production is closely connected to the domesticated sheep and specifically to those animals with a woolly coat. With the ... keeping of woolly sheep, not only did the economy of communities change, but also textile technologies, equipment for producing ...
By Ralph Maughan On November 8, 2009 · Leave a Comment · In Bighorn Sheep, Domestic Sheep, Politics ... Domestic Sheep/bighorn conflict is not limited to Idaho-. Most of our news on this issue has been in Idaho where the Payette ... Bighorns, domestic sheep dont mix. By Scott Sandsberry. Yakima Herald-Republic in the Casper Star Tribune. ... Bighorns, domestic sheep dont mix [in Washington State either]. ...
I was told today at the Bighorn-Domestic sheep meeting, that one of the sheep ranchers present at the meeting owned the sheep, ... yes - they insisted that 300 shirts brothers domestic sheep were lost to wolves - more like 300 domestic sheep were lost to the ... Gotta be the Domestic sheep that was 75 miles from the herd, if there were no domestic sheep on the planet this would not ... that sure seems like it would be a place where bighorns and domestic sheep come in contact. And if I recall - domestic sheep ...
Pneumonia outbreaks can devastate local herds and spread rapidly within and among bighorn sheep populations. ... Testing Bighorn Sheep. *Bighorn sheep disease surveillance. Testing Domestic Sheep and Goats. *Early detection of M. ovi is key ... Domestic sheep and goats. *Most domestic sheep and goats have a tolerance or immunity to M. ovi and infections go undetected. ... Any bighorn sheep near domestic sheep and goats.. *Any sick bighorn sheep (for example, coughing, nasal discharge/runny nose). ...
The Sheep Industry News is the associations monthly publication covering diverse stories from around the country that pertain ... to the sheep industry. Articles range from producer expos and wool market prices, supplies and trends to production tips and ... Estimated domestic lamb harvest totaled 1,449,101 head through September, up 1 percent year-on-year while estimated production ... 19 Northern Livestock Sheep Video Auction, 4,515 head traded. Mid-September delivery of 90-93 lb. feeders brought $165.50 per ...
Sheep (Domestic):. Must be free of contagious diseases. All sheep require an entry permit, CVI, and official individual ID ... Sheep Entry Requirements Fact Sheet (Spanish) Goats (Domestic):. Must be free of contagious diseases. All goats require an ... Rabbits (Domestic):. Must be free of contagious diseases. An entry permit is not required. A CVI is required for rabbits ... Swine (domestic):. Must be free of contagious diseases. All swine require an entry permit, CVI, and official individual ID ...
Sheep Skulls with horns up to 30 inches and India Domesticated Sheep Skulls without horns. These are hand-picked and ... Sheep have been raised as a domestic animal from the ancient time for the purpose of meat, milk and wool productions. Our ... Our sheep skulls are sold wholesale and handpicked and photographed so customers can see exactly what they are buying. Sheep ... Authentic African Merino Ram, Sheep Skulls for sale, Ovis aries, with horns up to a huge 30 inches, and Domesticated Sheep ...
... archaeologists can see exactly how sheep and goat domestication played out over a millenium. ... A modern domestic sheep. Image: lifeonwhite/Deposit Photos. The relationship with those animals grew out of hunting. At first, ... Every domestic animal presents a mystery of how it came to be. Sometime in the distant past, an animal-whether wolf, wild ox, ... Mouflon, a type of wild sheep, are closely related to the animals domesticated at Aşıklı Höyük. taviphoto/Deposit Photos. SHARE ...
... August 28, 2017. Martin Gardiner The 2011 Ig Nobel Physiology Prize was shared by Anna ... Ig Nobel, Research Newscontagious yawning, Elephant, sheep, yawn Post navigation. Estimated Insect Deaths Due to Collisions ...
Can metrics of acceleration provide accurate estimates of energy costs of locomotion on uneven terrain? Using domestic sheep ( ... Using domestic sheep (Ovis aries) as an example. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep: Current Situation in Idaho PAG Report No. 30, J. OLaughlin and P.S. Cook (January 2010).. ...
Nie W, Wang J, OBrien PC, Fu B, Ying T, Ferguson-Smith MA, Yang F (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and ... Wayne RK, Ostrander EA (March 1999). "Origin, genetic diversity, and genome structure of the domestic dog". BioEssays. 21 (3): ... Domestic sheep. 54 Garden snail[80]. 54 Silkworm[81]. 56 Elephant[82]. 56 ...
The domestic sheep : its culture and general management. (American Sheep Breeder Press, 1898), by Henry Stewart (page images at ... The domestic sheep : its culture and general management. (American Sheep Breeder Press, 1900), by Henry Stewart (page images at ... The sheep: our domestic breeds and their treatment.. (G. Routledge & Sons, 1893), by James Sinclair and A. H. Archer (page ... The sheep: our domestic breeds, and their treatment.. (G. Routledge, 1853), by W. C. L. Martin (page images at HathiTrust) ...
Domestic Sheep. Posted on May 29, 2012. by Lee Mackey Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae, Caprinae, Ovis, ... Aries Domestic sheep are found all over the world, wherever their are humans. Originally they are from Mesopotamia. I have been ... Posted in Animalia, Canidae, Canis, Carnivora, Chordata, Domestic, Land, Mammalia Miniature Schnauzer. Posted on May 29, 2012. ... Posted in Animalia, Asia, Chordata, Domestic, Land, Mammalia, Muridae, Rattus, Rodentia Giant Pacific Octopus. Posted on May 29 ...
sheep (esp. Ovis aries; generic word) mājas aita ― domestic sheep. aitu gans ― sheep herd (shepherd, person). aitu suns ― sheep ... "name used to call sheep") (from *ěta- , *ait-), Hittite 𒇻 (iyant-, "sheep") (lit. "goer, one that goes").[1] ... cirpt aitas ― to shear the sheep. Usage notes[edit]. The term aita is more frequent than avs, both as a generic and as the ... The original meaning was thus "goer, one that goes (around)," a common source of words for "sheep" (cf. Russian, Belarusian, ...
Check reviews and buy Replica Sheep Skull today. ... ️Buy Replica Sheep Skull at the lowest price in United States. ... The domestic sheep has been a stable food source for human populations for nearly 7000 years. In addition to their meat, humans ... Originally domesticated from wild species found in Eurasia, today, there are in excess of 1000 breeds of domestic sheep. These ...
2020) and domestic animals like cattle (Wilkinson et al. 2011), sheep (Somenzi et al. 2020) and pigs (Liang et al. 2019). ... panels to assess hybridisation between feral and domestic sheep. Animals 10:582 ...
It is especially important to domestic sheep and cattle [22,23,53,84,98,108,109,111]. In Oregon, common snowberry was found to ... Domestic sheep also utilize common snowberry for browse and it is considered fair to good forage. It is has no forage value for ... Bighorn sheep use common snowberry regularly during the summer in Montana and Idaho [84] and in fall, winter, and early spring ...
... a group of Mongolian researchers work to conserve the wild sheep populations ... And argali faced a new threat: domestic livestock.. "We have between 30,000 and 40,000 livestock here at Ikh Nart, and maybe ... Argali are the largest wild sheep in the world, weighing up to 400 pounds. Paulo Fassina via Flickr under CC BY-SA 2.0 ... The Decades-Long Effort to Protect the Worlds Largest Sheep In the Gobi Desert, where argali roam, a group of Mongolian ...
Revealing the selection history of adaptive loci using genome-wide scans for selection: an example from domestic sheep.. ... Home Revealing the selection history of adaptive loci using genome-wide scans for selection: an example from domestic sheep. ... Revealing the selection history of adaptive loci using genome-wide scans for selection: an example from domestic sheep.. ... We investigated this question by studying a large dataset of 542 individuals from 27 domestic sheep populations raised in ...
... they altered important bighorn habitat and introduced domestic sheep. The domestic sheep carried scabies and pneumonia, which ... Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis). Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep are the largest wild sheep in North America. ... Bighorn sheep visits to Sheep Lakes are hit-and-miss, but generally occur between 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Groups between one and ... Bighorn sheep move to low elevations in late spring and early summer, when they descend from the Mummy Range to Sheep Lakes in ...
... sheep and goats); pigs; domestic birds; and rabbits. For each group, EFSA will provide a comprehensive breakdown of existing ... sheep, poultry, cattle and fish. Our stakeholders play a central role in issuing recommendations and guidelines, identifying ...
Sheep, Domestic / genetics* * Whole Genome Sequencing / veterinary Substances * Cytoskeletal Proteins Supplementary concepts * ... Keywords: 3M syndrome-2; Animal model; Frameshift variant; Inherited disease; Lethal; Sheep; Whole genome sequencing. ... is a previously reported recessively inherited disorder in Australian Poll Merino/Merino sheep. Affected lambs are stillborn ...
Contact with domestic sheep could expose them to debilitating disease. Competition for food could push them off their safe ... Although he frequented an escarpment well away from domestic sheep, Dave and Nike kept an eye on him. In the spring the radio ... "Two sheep will come in each load," Scott says. "Well work them at the same time. I want no more than six minutes per sheep. ... I remember the last time I hauled sheep, years ago: domestic Rambouillet wethers hogtied in the back of an open pickup, ...
Black Sheep: A Novel (English) (as Author). *Broken to Harness: A Story of English Domestic Life (English) (as Author) ... Being Sketches of the Domestic and Religious Rites and Ceremonies of the Siamese (English) (as Author) ...
  • Most domestic sheep and goats have a tolerance or immunity to M. ovi and infections go undetected. (alberta.ca)
  • Some domestic sheep and goats exhibit mild signs of pneumonia, ranging from coughing to reduced growth rates. (alberta.ca)
  • In Alberta, M. ovi testing in domestic sheep and goats is limited and infection rates are unknown. (alberta.ca)
  • Strong scientific evidence indicates increased risk of pneumonia in bighorn sheep following contact with domestic sheep or goats, including a single encounter with an infected domestic sheep or goat. (alberta.ca)
  • In Aşıklı Höyük, a Stone-Age town in the highlands of central Turkey, a team of archaeologists, writing in the journal PNAS earlier this week, have pieced together what that process looked like for sheep and goats, some of the earliest herded livestock. (popsci.com)
  • Most of their meat came from sheep and goats in the surrounding hills. (popsci.com)
  • At first, the residents of Aşıklı Höyük kept young wild goats and sheep in small pens between their homes, where the captured animals left telltale traces of dung. (popsci.com)
  • Elsewhere in the region , the carcasses of pigs, goats, and sheep were butchered into huge chunks for roasting or smoking-and presumably sharing. (popsci.com)
  • Other research has found that these early captive animals suffered from joint problems, and the high rate of miscarriages suggests that the goats and sheep weren't getting the food they needed. (popsci.com)
  • At the same time, the villagers gave sheep and goats freer rein-they were let out into the forests and grasslands, where they ate wild plants, rather than being penned up near the village. (popsci.com)
  • Despite its forbidding climate, Mongolia's Ikh Nart Nature Reserve is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including wolves, saker falcons, Siberian ibex goats, cinereous vultures, vipers and argali-the largest wild sheep in the world. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Prominent members include sheep and goats. (yahoo.com)
  • Officials suspect a ram may have wandered off Antelope, been exposed to domestic sheep or goats that carry the pathogen, then returned to the island, where it spread the disease to other bighorns. (sltrib.com)
  • Sheep, cattle, goats, and pigs ingest the E granulosus eggs in the contaminated soil. (medscape.com)
  • The Echinococcus tapeworm's life cycle (see image below) involves a definitive host, usually a dog (although foxes and coyotes have also been implicated), and intermediate hosts such as sheep, goats, and swine. (medscape.com)
  • Sheep, cattle, and goats are the principal reservoirs for human infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Title : Epidemic Genotype of Coxiella burnetii among Goats, Sheep, and Humans in the Netherlands Personal Author(s) : Tilburg, Jeroen J.H.C.;Roest, Hendrik-Jan I.J.;Buffet, Sylvain;Nabuurs-Franssen, Marrigje H.;Horrevorts, Alphons M.;Raoult, Didier;Klaassen, Corné H.W. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a serious disease that affects goats, sheep and other small ruminants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The hosts of the CCHF virus include a wide range of wild and domestic animals such as cattle, sheep and goats. (who.int)
  • The Times-News has a story highlighting some history concerning bighorn sheep in southern Idaho. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • Stories concerning bighorn sheep have focused on the majestic animals' past. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • Seventy-four bighorn sheep were introduced into unit 54 between 1986 and 1990, with poor results. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • The best science insists on 9 miles to prevent the spread of deadly pneumonia from domestic sheep to bighorn sheep. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • In the case of Nez Perce National Forest's Allison-Berg allotment, of bighorn that inhabit the Salmon River canyon, IWA encouraged the individual producer to fight in court to prevent the removal of domestic sheep. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • The judge ordered the sheep off of the allotment citing the widespread scientific acknowledgment that domestic sheep are deadly to bighorn. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • Legal victories in favor of bighorn prompted rumors of high level Idaho meetings aimed at rearranging state management to reaffirm domestic sheep predominance in state management. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • Pneumonia outbreaks can devastate local herds and spread rapidly within and among bighorn sheep populations. (alberta.ca)
  • If you see sick or dead bighorn sheep please contact your local Government of Alberta biologist. (alberta.ca)
  • Bighorn sheep are an iconic mountain species. (alberta.ca)
  • Bighorn sheep are highly valued by Indigenous Peoples, Albertans and non-residents for hunting and wildlife viewing. (alberta.ca)
  • Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep are one of the rarest hoofed mammals in North America. (alberta.ca)
  • Alberta, British Columbia and 13 US western states have approximately 40,000 bighorn sheep, less than 10% of their population size in the 1850s. (alberta.ca)
  • Bighorn sheep in Alberta are an important source of disease-free animals to support recovery of wild herds throughout the west. (alberta.ca)
  • Bronchopneumonia is a serious respiratory disease associated with large-scale catastrophic die-offs of bighorn sheep throughout North America. (alberta.ca)
  • If a pneumonia outbreak in bighorn sheep occurred in Alberta or BC, the effects could be catastrophic. (alberta.ca)
  • An outbreak of infectious bacterial pneumonia was identified in a small band of bighorn sheep west of Diamond Valley, with several sheep succumbing to the disease. (alberta.ca)
  • To date, additional sick or dead bighorn sheep have not been seen elsewhere in the Sheep River valley. (alberta.ca)
  • Environment and Protected Areas, in conjunction with Alberta Parks, has undertaken additional monitoring on other bighorn sheep herds in Alberta. (alberta.ca)
  • Argali can weigh up to 400 pounds, which makes them roughly twice the size of North American bighorn sheep. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Bighorn Sheep are the symbol of Rocky Mountain National Park. (nps.gov)
  • Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep are the largest wild sheep in North America. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep are gray/brown to dark brown in color with white patches on their rump, muzzle and back of legs. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep shed these heavy coats in the summer. (nps.gov)
  • Specialized hooves and rough soles provide a natural grip as bighorn sheep make precarious jumps and breath-taking climbs up and down sharp cliff faces. (nps.gov)
  • As their name suggests, bighorn sheep have true horns that they retain throughout their life. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep live in social groups but rams and ewes usually only meet to mate. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep feed on grasses in the summer and browse shrubs in the fall and winter. (nps.gov)
  • The lifespan of bighorn sheep is approximately 10 years. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep skulls are thick and bony to absorb this repeated impact with little physical injury to the ram. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep move to low elevations in late spring and early summer, when they descend from the Mummy Range to Sheep Lakes in Horseshoe Park. (nps.gov)
  • Bighorn sheep visits to Sheep Lakes are hit-and-miss, but generally occur between 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. (nps.gov)
  • In an attempt to protect the sheep, the park created a 'Bighorn Crossing Zone' in Horseshoe Park. (nps.gov)
  • Researchers believe this has increased the intake of important minerals by the sheep, thus improving the health of the bighorn herd. (nps.gov)
  • Because bighorn sheep are sensitive to human disturbance, please help in protecting the sheep by viewing from a distance. (nps.gov)
  • Do not enter the 'Bighorn Crossing Zone by vehicle or on foot when sheep are present. (nps.gov)
  • Mara Weisenberger from the San Andres National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico has brought two colleagues, Guy and Coby, and four aluminum crates that she designed specifically for transporting bighorn sheep. (orionmagazine.org)
  • In the tensely vertical terrain of Utah's canyonlands, this band of desert bighorn sheep, creatures of considerable evolutionary investment, once vanished into thin air. (orionmagazine.org)
  • Chronic low lake levels, however, have turned Antelope - and other islands in the lake - into mere peninsulas, allowing bison and, potentially, bighorn sheep to reach the mainland. (sltrib.com)
  • Once the fence is up, DWR plans to reestablish the island's bighorn herd by relocating 35 sheep from elsewhere in the state. (sltrib.com)
  • The movement of deer does not pose a problem, Shaw said, but that is not the case with bison and bighorn sheep. (sltrib.com)
  • The phenomenon of the freemartin, a female bovine that is behaviorally masculine and lacks functioning ovaries, is commonly associated with cattle, but does occur to some extent in sheep. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of kobuvirus in sheep (kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary, GU245693) and kobuvirus lineages in humans, cattle, and swine, according to the 862-nt fragment of the kobuvirus 3D/3′ untranslated regions. (cdc.gov)
  • The nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D/3′ UTR region of kobuvirus in sheep has high nucleotide identity to bovine kobuviruses and forms the same lineage (but a different sublineage) with the kobuvirus strains in cattle. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on those signatures, as the settlement neared its end, people were getting almost all their meat from domestic livestock-except in religious ceremonies, where wild cattle seem to have taken center stage. (popsci.com)
  • EFSA's Panel on Animal Health and Welfare assesses factors such as housing and management, transport and slaughter of farmed animals such as pigs, sheep, poultry, cattle and fish. (europa.eu)
  • In general, the salt content should not exceed 5000 EC (electrical conductivity units) for young stock, 6000 EC for mature cattle and 9000 EC for mature sheep. (vic.gov.au)
  • However, sporadic outbreaks do occur in wild and domestic grazing animals such as cattle or deer. (cdc.gov)
  • Cats, dogs and cattle account for nearly 90% of rabies cases in domestic animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Domestic animals (cattle, sheep and goat, pigs, dogs etc) are highly susceptible to brucellosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • A few of those animals started to reproduce, as growing numbers of miscarried sheep and goat skeletons in the settlement show. (popsci.com)
  • Laboratory guide to the dissection and study of the anatomy of the domestic ruminants (ox, sheep, goat) by Duane Russell Peterson. (upenn.edu)
  • OLCSB advances dairy, beef, sheep and goat standards. (farmanddairy.com)
  • Transmission is usually by inhalation of infectious aerosols that can travel long distances affecting people living downwind of an infected goat or sheep farm. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Authentic African Merino Ram, Sheep Skulls for sale, Ovis aries , with horns up to a huge 30 inches, and Domesticated Sheep Skulls imported from India, without horns, available in first quality and discount skulls. (worldwidewildlifeproducts.com)
  • Largely as a result of the influence of humans in sheep breeding, ewes often produce multiple lambs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some examples of products are PG600, CIDRs, Estrumate and Folltropin V. These products contain progesterone which will bring on the induction of estrus in ewes (sheep) during seasonal anestrus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Feeding, standing ruminating, standing idle, lying ruminating, lying idle, and traveling were recorded as all-inclusive activities by observing the behavior of four randomly selected sheep from among marked ewes at 90 instantaneous scans at 10-minute intervals from 0500 to 1950 hours on each of 28 days at each location. (usu.edu)
  • Domestic sheep reproduce sexually much like other mammals, and their reproductive strategy is furthermore very similar to other domestic herd animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sheep are seasonally polyoestrus animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. (eurekamag.com)
  • Wool production is closely connected to the domesticated sheep and specifically to those animals with a woolly coat. (knochenarbeit.de)
  • Mouflon, a type of wild sheep, are closely related to the animals domesticated at Aşıklı Höyük. (popsci.com)
  • But even these mild-mannered animals didn't look like the animals we know today: the sheep were still long-legged like their wild ancestors, and there's no evidence that they were being raised for wool. (popsci.com)
  • Studies show that crossing the highway creates high levels of stress in the animals, which can reduce their resistance to disease thereby increasing sheep mortality. (nps.gov)
  • The wild sheep and domestic sheep and other animals like it belong to this genus. (yahoo.com)
  • It occurs naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world. (cdc.gov)
  • Domestic and wild animals can become infected when they breathe in or ingest spores in contaminated soil, plants, or water. (cdc.gov)
  • In areas where domestic animals have had anthrax in the past, routine vaccination can help prevent outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Karen Hunter] Your study mentions there is a positive relationship between contact with animals, especially sheep, and this illness. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we found that a large proportion of people who had evidence of infection with the virus did in fact own or raise domestic animals, and in fact all the people who reported owning domestic animals had sheep. (cdc.gov)
  • Worldwide in its distribution, Q fever is maintained as an inapparent infection in domestic or farm animals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sheep are important domestic animals for the production of wool and meat. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nondiphtherial corynebacteria also cause chronic and subclinical diseases in domestic animals and can lead to significant economic losses for farmers. (medscape.com)
  • A flock of sheep is generally mated by a single ram, which has either been chosen by a farmer or has established dominance through physical contest with other rams (in feral populations). (wikipedia.org)
  • The domestic sheep has been a stable food source for human populations for nearly 7000 years. (skullsunlimited.com)
  • We investigated this question by studying a large dataset of 542 individuals from 27 domestic sheep populations raised in France, genotyped for more than 500,000 SNPs.RESULTS: Population structure analysis revealed that this set of populations harbour a large part of European sheep diversity in a small geographical area, offering a powerful model for the study of adaptation. (inra.fr)
  • The sheep in the Cape Province harboured 10 species of ixodid ticks and the seasonal abundances of Ixodes rubicundus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus gertrudae and Hyalomma truncatum were determined. (eurekamag.com)
  • Originally domesticated from wild species found in Eurasia, today, there are in excess of 1000 breeds of domestic sheep. (skullsunlimited.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the overlapping partial 3D/3′ UTR nucleotide sequence of TB3-HUN from sheep and of reference bovine, porcine, and human kobuviruses confirmed that ovine kobuvirus strain TB3-HUN is related to bovine kobuviruses ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although numerous cultured cell lines from humans and mice have been established, the number of cell lines derived from sheep is limited. (bvsalud.org)
  • The IWA argument stated: Wool growers are increasingly threatened with loss of grazing rights when sheep ranchers receive blame for disease appearing in wild sheep, thus deeded grazing rights are being systematically stripped from the sheep industry. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) - North Dakota sheep ranchers are questioning the theory that they're to blame for a large die-off of wild bighorns in the western Badlands. (ksl.com)
  • Shetland Organics cardboard yarn stand, shaped like a sheep and bearing balls of organic Shetland Wool in sheepy shades! (thedomesticsoundscape.com)
  • Meeting sheep is one important step in closing the gaps between producers and users of wool, however the journey from sheep to shoulders is long and complex. (thedomesticsoundscape.com)
  • It's amazing that both this and the very rough stuff can be found on Shetland sheep, but that variety is part of what makes Shetland wool special. (thedomesticsoundscape.com)
  • Using a multi-proxy approach, the origin of woolly sheep, the paths and speed of their dispersal throughout the Old World and the social and technological innovations that accompanied or perhaps spurred the development and exploitation of wool are explored in our research project. (knochenarbeit.de)
  • The Idaho Wool Growers Association opposed the re-introduction of wild sheep onto Jim Sage Mountain. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • Sheep have been raised as a domestic animal from the ancient time for the purpose of meat, milk and wool productions. (worldwidewildlifeproducts.com)
  • Brad Gilbertson, vice chairman of the North Dakota Lamb and Wool Producers Association, said he questions whether domestic sheep are to blame. (ksl.com)
  • All domestic dogs must be healthy. (ca.gov)
  • The disease is most commonly found in people who raise sheep, due to the sheep's role as the parasite's intermediate host and the lives of working dogs that are allowed to eat the offal of infected sheep. (medscape.com)
  • Dogs typically become infected by eating the remains of infected sheep and other livestock. (medscape.com)
  • Keep in mind, it is important that bighorns are given more space than the within one mile of domestic sheep that has been documented in this area - that formal request has been made of FS. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • How the sheep were exposed to the pathogen remains a mystery, but the fencing to be built this fall is intended to confine the bighorns to the island. (sltrib.com)
  • The state Game and Fish Department believes the wild sheep were infected by domestic sheep because they are known carriers of the specific bacteria found in the dead bighorns. (ksl.com)
  • The wild bighorns have been near the suspect flock of domestic sheep for years, and nothing happened until the Alberta bighorns were brought in, the Sherwood rancher said. (ksl.com)
  • Number of chronic carriers in the population (sheep that survive infection and continue to infect others). (alberta.ca)
  • Our sheep skulls are sold wholesale and handpicked and photographed so customers can see exactly what they are buying. (worldwidewildlifeproducts.com)
  • Our African Merino Ram Skulls and African Merino Sheep Skulls have been imported from, and professionally cleaned in South Africa. (worldwidewildlifeproducts.com)
  • In the Sept. 19 Northern Livestock Sheep Video Auction, 4,515 head traded. (sheepusa.org)
  • In addition to natural insemination by rams, artificial insemination and embryo transfers have been used in sheep breeding programs for many years in Australia and New Zealand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The continuous 3D and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the kobuvirus genome in sheep were determined by using the 5′/3′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) kit, 2nd generation (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and primers UNIV-kobu-F and S-1-F-7518/7540 (5′-CACTTCCATCATCAACACCATCA-3′ corresponding to nt 7518-7540 of bovine kobuvirus) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Revealing the selection history of adaptive loci using genome-wide scans for selection: an example from domestic sheep. (inra.fr)
  • The sheep in question were given to a girl as part of the association's 'starter flock' program. (ksl.com)
  • The Western Association of Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) considers pneumonia the single greatest threat to sustaining wild sheep herds. (alberta.ca)
  • Test results from the dead sheep indicated infectious bacterial pneumonia and confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae . (alberta.ca)
  • There are many types of bacteria associated with pneumonia in wild sheep, but the most serious one is a bacterium called Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae ( M. ovi ). (alberta.ca)
  • Some also fear the reverse: that the big game's domestic disease-carrying cousins could get to the island. (sltrib.com)
  • The sequence for kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary was submitted to GenBank under accession no. (cdc.gov)
  • Four to 10 Dorper sheep on each of 12 farms in the Cape Province and 3 farms in the Orange Free State were examined for adult ixodid ticks at approximately 2- to 4-weekly intervals over periods varying from 4 to 18 months, commencing during January. (eurekamag.com)
  • The Hopi Tribe, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) asked ATSDR to assist them in developing screening levels for site evaluations of sheep dip vats located on their reservation. (cdc.gov)
  • Top: Yearlings feed on grass and soil at Sheep Lakes. (nps.gov)
  • Last year, a respiratory illness wiped out nearly all of the island's 150 wild sheep and the Division of Wildlife Resources was forced to kill the 26 survivors to ensure the disease would not spread. (sltrib.com)
  • Other TSEs include scrapie (a disease of sheep), feline spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible mink encephalopathy, and chronic wasting disease of deer and elk. (medscape.com)
  • Sheep activities necessary to the animal on a daily basis were little affected by small changes in the range environment. (usu.edu)
  • The industry is faced with another wild and majestic animal that forces a confrontation between the incompatibility of domestic sheep grazing with vibrant wildlife values on public lands in the arid West - and the legal questions are being answered in favor of wildlife protection. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • Every domestic animal presents a mystery of how it came to be. (popsci.com)
  • He noted there are no known instances in which a domestic animal got onto the island. (sltrib.com)
  • The daily feeding time of sheep responded positively to average daily temperature. (usu.edu)
  • The range sheep industry, economically important to Utah and to the United States, produces needed food and fiber from much of the less productive land. (usu.edu)
  • Most sheep have a breeding season (tupping) in the autumn, though some are able to breed year-round. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, for IWA the battle between wild and domestic sheep has only just begun. (thewildlifenews.com)
  • A complex, four-part stomach allows sheep to gain important nutrients from hard, dry forage. (nps.gov)
  • Sheep daily repeated a bimodal routine of early morning feeding followed by midday ruminating and resting which lasted until late afternoon, followed by feeding again before bedding down at nightfall on high ground. (usu.edu)
  • Recent testing of domestics finds high occurrence of M. ovi in some flocks in Canada and the US. (alberta.ca)
  • Groups between one and sixty sheep move from the ridge on the north side of the valley, across the road and stay up to two or three hours before reversing the trip back to the high country. (nps.gov)
  • Wild sheep can move out of sight the moment you turn your head to notice that the zipper on your jeans is open. (orionmagazine.org)