Nairobi Sheep Disease
Nairobi sheep disease virus
Nairovirus
Sheep
Studies on the response of ewes to live chlamydiae adapted to chicken embryos or tissue culture. (1/1489)
Ewes infected before gestation with chicken embryo or tissue culture adapted chlamydial strain B-577 were challenge inoculated with the homologous strain at four to 18 weeks of gestation. The ewes responsed with group specific complement fixing antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:256 by the second week after initial infection. A secondary antibody response in the surviving challenge inoculated ewes occurred at the time of lambing and reached titers of 1:32 to 1:256 by the second week after parturition. Group specific complement fixing antibodies did not appear to play a significant role in resistance to chlamydial infection. Ewes infected with the chicken embryo adapted strain B-577 excreted chlamydiae in their feces 60 days after inoculation. However, chlamydiae were not recovered from feces of ewes infected with the tissue culture adapted strain B-577. Placentas of ewes challenge inoculated by the intravenous route were consistently infected. Chlamydiae were recovered from placentas, some fetuses and lambs. In two instances when challenge inoculation was given by the intramuscular route, infection was detected only by the direct fluorescent antibody method. (+info)Predicting insecticide resistance: mutagenesis, selection and response. (2/1489)
Strategies to manage resistance to a particular insecticide have usually been devised after resistance has evolved. If it were possible to predict likely resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides before they evolved in the field, it might be feasible to have programmes that manage susceptibility. With this approach in mind, single-gene variants of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, resistant to dieldrin, diazinon and malathion, were selected in the laboratory after mutagenesis of susceptible strains. The genetic and molecular bases of resistance in these variants were identical to those that had previously evolved in natural populations. Given this predictive capacity for known resistances, the approach was extended to anticipate possible mechanisms of resistance to cyromazine, an insecticide to which L. cuprina populations remain susceptible after almost 20 years of exposure. Analysis of the laboratory-generated resistant variants provides an explanation for this observation. The variants show low levels of resistance and a selective advantage over susceptibles for only a limited concentration range. These results are discussed in the context of the choice of insecticides for control purposes and of delivery strategies to minimize the evolution of resistance. (+info)Potential value of major antigenic protein 2 for serological diagnosis of heartwater and related ehrlichial infections. (3/1489)
Cowdria ruminantium is the etiologic agent of heartwater, a disease causing major economic loss in ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Development of a serodiagnostic test is essential for determining the carrier status of animals from regions where heartwater is endemic, but most available tests give false-positive reactions with sera against related Erhlichia species. Current approaches rely on molecular methods to define proteins and epitopes that may allow specific diagnosis. Two major antigenic proteins (MAPs), MAP1 and MAP2, have been examined for their use as antigens in the serodiagnosis of heartwater. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine if MAP2 is conserved among five geographically divergent strains of C. ruminantium and (ii) to determine if MAP2 homologs are present in Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the organism responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis. These two agents are closely related to C. ruminantium. The map2 gene from four strains of C. ruminantium was cloned, sequenced, and compared with the previously reported map2 gene from the Crystal Springs strain. Only 10 nucleic acid differences between the strains were identified, and they translate to only 3 amino acid changes, indicating that MAP2 is highly conserved. Genes encoding MAP2 homologs from E. canis and E. chaffeensis also were cloned and sequenced. Amino acid analysis of MAP2 homologs of E. chaffeensis and E. canis with MAP2 of C. ruminantium revealed 83.4 and 84.4% identities, respectively. Further analysis of MAP2 and its homologs revealed that the whole protein lacks specificity for heartwater diagnosis. The development of epitope-specific assays using this sequence information may produce diagnostic tests suitable for C. ruminantium and also other related rickettsiae. (+info)Performance of competitive and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, gel immunoprecipitation with native hapten polysaccharide, and standard serological tests in diagnosis of sheep brucellosis. (4/1489)
Competitive and standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), rose bengal (RB), complement fixation, and agar gel immunoprecipitation with native hapten (AGID-NH) were compared by using sera from Brucella-free, Brucella melitensis-infected, and B. melitensis Rev1-vaccinated sheep. The most sensitive tests were indirect ELISA and RB, and the most specific tests were AGID-NH and competitive ELISA. We show that RB followed by AGID-NH is a simple and effective system for diagnosing sheep brucellosis. (+info)Evaluation of modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium and solid media for culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from sheep. (5/1489)
Definitive diagnosis of Johne's disease in ruminants depends on confirming the presence of the causative bacterium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, in tissues of the host. This is readily achieved in most ruminant species by culture. However, culture of clinical specimens from sheep in many countries has been unrewarding. Such a culture from sheep was achieved recently in Australia by using a radiometric culture medium. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from sheep by using modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium, to determine the sensitivity of culture in relation to histopathology, and to evaluate a range of solid media. Culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from sheep with Johne's disease is a sensitive method of diagnosis: intestinal tissues from all 43 animals with multibacillary disease and all 22 animals with paucibacillary disease were culture positive, while 98% of feces from 53 animals with multibacillary disease and 48% of feces from 31 animals with paucibacillary disease were culture positive. Of sheep without histological evidence of Johne's disease from infected flocks, intestinal tissue from 32% of 41 were culture positive, while feces from 17% of 41 were culture positive. Consequently, culture is recommended as the "gold standard" test for detection of ovine Johne's disease. Of the wide range of solid media that were evaluated, only modified Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 agars, which were very similar in composition to modified BACTEC 12B medium, yielded growth of ovine strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The sensitivity of detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on solid media was slightly lower than that in modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium. Both egg yolk and mycobactin J were essential additives for growth of ovine strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in both liquid and solid media. (+info)Human echinococcosis in Bulgaria: a comparative epidemiological analysis. (6/1489)
The present article describes the importance of human echinococcosis as a public health problem in Bulgaria, outlines the control measures carried out and evaluates comparatively the situation over three periods spanning 46 years (1950-1995). During the first period (1950-62), a total of 6469 new surgically confirmed cases of hydatid disease were recorded in Bulgaria, with an annual incidence of 6.5 per 100,000 population, and the infestation rate in domestic animals and dogs was high. Echinococcosis was endemic throughout the country. The organization of a control campaign, initiated in 1960, led to a considerable improvement in the situation during the second period (1971-82). Morbidity among humans gradually decreased, with an average incidence of 2.0 per 100,000, and the proportion of infected animals also fell. The distribution of echinococcosis was characterized as sporadic or of low endemicity. During the third period (1983-95), owing to administrative irregularities and economic changes, funds for supporting the campaign were reduced and control structures were dismantled. As a result, the incidence rose to 3.3 per 100,000. Echinococcosis again became endemic, in some regions hyperendemic. The findings provide convincing evidence that cessation of control measures or reduction of campaign activity can lead to intensification in the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus and to a resurgence in echinococcosis to previous levels. (+info)Vaccination with cathepsin L proteinases and with leucine aminopeptidase induces high levels of protection against fascioliasis in sheep. (7/1489)
The potential of different parasite proteinases for use as vaccine candidates against fascioliasis in sheep was studied by vaccinating animals with the cathepsin L proteinases CL1 and CL2 and with leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) purified from adult flukes. In the first trial, sheep were immunized with CL1 or CL2 and the mean protection levels obtained were 33 and 34%, respectively. Furthermore, a significant reduction in egg output was observed in sheep vaccinated either with CL1 (71%) or with CL2 (81%). The second trial was performed to determine the protective potential of the two cathepsin L proteinases assayed together, as well as in combination with LAP, and of LAP alone. The combination of CL1 and CL2 induced higher levels of protection (60%) than those produced when these enzymes were administered separately. Those sheep that received the cocktail vaccine including CL1, CL2, and LAP were significantly protected (78%) against metacercarial challenge, but vaccination with LAP alone elicited the highest level of protection (89%). All vaccine preparations induced high immunoglobulin G titers which were boosted after the challenge infection, but no correlations between antibody titers and worm burdens were found. However, the sera of those animals vaccinated with LAP contained LAP-neutralizing antibodies. Reduced liver damage, as assessed by the level of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase, was observed in the groups vaccinated with CL1, CL2, and LAP or with LAP alone. (+info)Selenium toxicosis in a flock of Katahdin hair sheep. (8/1489)
Selenium supplementation by injection is a common practice. Acute toxicosis from dosaging errors may occur. In this report, 23 of 56 ewes and all 24 lambs injected with selenium died. Tissue, whole blood, and serum concentrations aided in the diagnosis. Caution should be taken when supplementing selenium by injection. (+info)I'm sorry for the confusion, but "Nairobi Sheep Disease" is not a recognized medical term or condition. It is actually a veterinary disease that affects sheep and goats, primarily in Africa. The disease is caused by a virus and is characterized by high fever, severe diarrhea, and sudden death. I hope this clarifies any confusion! If you have any questions related to human health, please don't hesitate to ask.
Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus (NSDV) is an enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae and genus Nairovirus. This virus is the causative agent of Nairobi sheep disease (NSD) and related diseases in small ruminants, particularly sheep and goats. The disease is characterized by high fever, severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, and rapid death, resulting in significant economic losses in endemic areas.
The NSDV genome consists of three segments: large (L), medium (M), and small (S). The L segment encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the M segment encodes two glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) and a nonstructural protein (Nsm), while the S segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N) and a nonstructural protein (NSs).
The virus is primarily transmitted through ticks, mainly of the genus Rhipicephalus. The main vector for NSDV is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, although other species such as Rhipicephalus zambeziensis and Amblyomma variegatum can also transmit the virus.
Nairobi sheep disease is prevalent in East Africa, particularly in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and southern Sudan. Vaccination of susceptible animals and tick control measures are essential for preventing and controlling NSDV infections in endemic areas.
Nairovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae. They are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses and are transmitted to humans and animals through tick bites. The name "Nairovirus" comes from the initials of the National Institute for Virology in South Africa, where the first virus in this genus was discovered.
Nairoviruses can cause severe febrile illnesses in humans, including hemorrhagic fever and neurological symptoms. Some of the more well-known nairoviruses include Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is found in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East, and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV), which primarily infects sheep and goats but can also cause illness in humans.
It's important to note that nairoviruses are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, and can pose a significant public health risk in areas where they are endemic. Prevention measures include avoiding tick bites, using personal protective equipment when handling infected animals, and implementing appropriate infection control practices in healthcare settings.
I apologize, but "sheep" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common animal with the scientific name Ovis aries. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
I'm happy to help, but I want to clarify that the term "sheep diseases" refers to a wide range of health issues that can affect sheep populations. It's not a single medical condition with a specific definition. Here are some examples of common diseases that can affect sheep:
1. Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD): A chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the intestines and can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and death.
2. Footrot: A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the feet of sheep, causing lameness, swelling, and pain. It's caused by the bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus.
3. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects the lymph nodes and can cause abscesses, weight loss, and death.
4. Contagious Ecthyma (Orf): A highly contagious viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of sheep, causing sores and lesions.
5. Mastitis: An inflammation of the mammary gland in sheep, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can cause decreased milk production, fever, and loss of appetite.
6. Pneumonia: A respiratory infection that can affect sheep, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by various bacteria or viruses.
7. Enterotoxemia: A potentially fatal disease caused by the overproduction of toxins in the intestines of sheep, usually due to a bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens.
8. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): A neurological disorder that affects the brain of sheep, causing symptoms such as blindness, circling, and seizures. It's often caused by a thiamine deficiency or excessive sulfur intake.
9. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can affect sheep, causing abortion, stillbirth, and neurological symptoms.
10. Blue tongue: A viral disease that affects sheep, causing fever, respiratory distress, and mouth ulcers. It's transmitted by insect vectors and is often associated with climate change.
A domestic sheep (Ovis aries) is not a medical term, but it is an animal species that humans keep and breed for a variety of purposes, including meat, wool, and milk production. While the term "sheep" may appear in medical contexts, such as in discussions of zoonotic diseases (diseases transmissible between animals and humans), the specific definition you are looking for is not medical in nature. Domestic sheep are social herbivores that prefer to eat short grasses and can be found in various parts of the world. They have been domesticated for thousands of years, making them one of the earliest animals to be domesticated by humans.
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Goats18
- NSDV's known hosts belong to the hard tick family Ixodidae, including Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and Amblyomma variegatum, and afflict sheep and goats naturally. (wikipedia.org)
- Sheep and goats are natural reservoirs for NSDV and Ganjam, but fatal cases have also been reported among blue duikers in zoos or in the wild. (wikipedia.org)
- High morbidity and mortality are seen in both sheep and goats, although goats tend to have less severe clinical signs than sheep. (wikipedia.org)
- It is found in cattle, sheep and goats suffering from an illness called paratuberculosis or Johne's disease. (abc.net.au)
- genus Nairovirus , family Bunyaviridae ) causes acute hem- orrhagic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Goats and sheep are a source of food and household income for more than 300 million people globally. (ilri.org)
- The Uganda National Development Plan III has identified goats and sheep as a priority commodity and major thematic area to address limitations in food security, household income and improvement of export earnings. (ilri.org)
- Different combinations of vaccines were administered to 21 goats and 12 sheep, divided into different groups. (ilri.org)
- Scabby mouth (contagious ecthyma, orf) is a highly contagious, viral disease of sheep, goats and occasionally humans. (vic.gov.au)
- The disease in sheep and goats is normally self-limiting, and clears without treatment within 3 to 4 weeks. (vic.gov.au)
- Producers and veterinarians across Western Canada have a new weapon in the battle against sheep and goats' gastrointestinal parasites developing resistance to anthelmintic (deworming) drugs. (ucalgary.ca)
- E. coli O157 is naturally found in the intestinal tracts of many farm animals, including healthy cattle, sheep, and goats. (cdc.gov)
- Wash your hands right after you remove shoes and clothes that have worn around cows, goats, sheep, and deer or their environments, especially if the shoes and clothes are dirty. (cdc.gov)
- Never allow cows, goats, sheep, and deer in schools, nursing homes, or other facilities that may have children 5 years of age or younger, the elderly or people who have weak immune systems. (cdc.gov)
- The major areas of the world are affected by foot and disease mostly farmed cattle and swine, even though sheep, goats, and many wild species are also susceptible. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- Hoofed animals such as cows, pigs, sheep and goats are also affected by the virus. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- Initial spillover of the primary pathogen agent occurs via contact with domestic sheep or goats and can subsequently be circulated by wild sheep or mountain goats. (wafwa.org)
- Sheep, cattle, and goats are the principal reservoirs for human infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Contagious4
- Footrot is a contagious, bacterial disease of the feet of sheep with significant welfare and economic impacts. (wool.com)
- But the productivity of these ruminants is threatened by diseases such as sheep and goat pox, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (goat pneumonia) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague, which can lead to the death of up to 100% of a flock. (ilri.org)
- Scrapie is a contagious prion disease [ 1 ] of sheep and goat. (biomedcentral.com)
- Foot and mouth disease (FMD) and Lumpy skin disease ( LSD ) are contagious viral diseases that cause significant economic damage in the livestock industry of countries. (bvsalud.org)
Flock6
- AR places a digital object, in this case a flock of sheep, into the real world, say a yard or living room. (think.digital)
- However, once a flock is affected by sheep scab it can be time consuming and expensive to control, as well as posing significant welfare issues. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- Kirsty is the one sheep from her flock who comes up to the shepherd if supper is a little late of an evening, enquiring whether he is going to provide her with anything interesting. (infopet.co.uk)
- Jeff Aiken, flock manager at Procters Farm, one of the buyers, said: "It's an exceptional animal and the best Texel sheep I've ever seen. (yahoo.com)
- Whether you're a seasoned shepherd or just starting out with a flock of Dorset sheep, one of your top priorities should be ensuring their health and well-being. (dorsetsheep.org)
- The dogs help with her flock of North Country Cheviot sheep .She also raises two heritage poultry breeds, Sicilian Buttercups and Anconas. (hobbyfarms.com)
Swine1
- Sheep, swine, and poultry. (upenn.edu)
Bighorn sheep hunts2
- This confirmation moved ODFW to cancel two bighorn sheep hunts slated for the summer and fall in the Lookout Mountain unit, eliminating two resident and one nonresident tags completely. (gohunt.com)
- SALEM, Ore.-ODFW is canceling both Lookout Mt. Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep hunts in northeastern Oregon. (gohunt.com)
Scrapie in sheep2
- In many countries breeding programs for resistance to scrapie in sheep are established. (biomedcentral.com)
- [ 1 ] Included are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease") in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer and elk, and scrapie in sheep. (medscape.com)
Lambs4
- Sheep of all ages may become affected during the first outbreak on the property, but in subsequent years usually only the lambs are affected. (vic.gov.au)
- Affected lambs are stillborn with various congenital defects as reflected in the name of the disease, as well as short stature, a short and broad cranium, a small thoracic cavity, thin ribs and brachysternum. (nih.gov)
- The one vaccine that I now give my sheep and lambs on an annual basis is one for clostridial diseases. (hobbyfarms.com)
- In fact, according to the Maryland Small Ruminant site (a really great resource for sheep and goat owners), this is the only universally-recommended vaccine for sheep and lambs. (hobbyfarms.com)
Livestock8
- NSDV was first recognised in 1917 as the causative agent of a disease that was affecting sheep transported from the Maasai region of Kenya for sale in the Nairobi livestock markets, where a 70% mortality rate was recorded for local breeds sheep, but a lower rate for European breeds. (wikipedia.org)
- FMD represents the greatest disease threat to Australia's livestock industries and export markets. (wool.com)
- The proposed rule follows the announcement of an animal disease traceability framework from 18 months ago as well as several years of discussions and planning with state livestock health officials, the livestock industry and other stakeholders. (sheepusa.org)
- This has special significance with sheep as they seem to respond less to treatment when sick than other livestock species. (sheepfarm.in)
- When you look at parasite control in livestock, generally, but particularly in sheep, it's been very dependent on using drugs," says Gilleard. (ucalgary.ca)
- Don't hesitate to consult with a veterinarian or livestock specialist for specific guidance on Dorset sheep care. (dorsetsheep.org)
- In fact, sheep are not my first venture into livestock. (hobbyfarms.com)
- Drought and a viral disease strike Jaisalmer's livestock. (org.in)
Prion15
- Unlike BSE in cattle, prion diseases spread directly from sheep to sheep. (vetscite.org)
- Yet the prion from such animals still behaves like BSE, and could cause the fatal human disease vCJD. (vetscite.org)
- One possibility, he says, is that the sheep might have been carrying a prion initially derived from BSE. (vetscite.org)
- Therefore, the demand on genotyping capacities of the polymorphisms of the prion protein gene ( prnp ) relevant to presently known disease associations and EU regulations is steadily increasing. (biomedcentral.com)
- The prion diseases are a large group of related neurodegenerative conditions, which affect both animals and humans. (medscape.com)
- Prion diseases are unique in that they can be inherited, they can occur sporadically, or they can be infectious. (medscape.com)
- The infectious agent in the prion disease is composed mainly or entirely of an abnormal conformation of a host-encoded glycoprotein called the prion protein. (medscape.com)
- The replication of prions involves the recruitment of the normally expressed prion protein, which has mainly an alpha-helical structure, into a disease-specific conformation that is rich in beta-sheet. (medscape.com)
- Spongiform change in prion disease. (medscape.com)
- These amyloid plaques are immunoreactive with antibodies to the prion protein and do not immunoreact with antibodies to other amyloidogenic proteins, such as the amyloid-beta (which is deposited in Alzheimer disease). (medscape.com)
- In deer, the prion that causes Chronic Wasting Disease will stay undetected for years before a deer suddenly stops eating and begins to waste away. (sciencefriday.com)
- Well, that's what's happening in prion diseases like mad cow, sheep scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (sciencefriday.com)
- And in the world of prion diseases, one is really leaving its mark here in the US, chronic wasting disease, which has been found in deer. (sciencefriday.com)
- Here to explain more is Judd Aiken, professor in the Center of Prion and Protein Folding Diseases at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta. (sciencefriday.com)
- But basically with regard to chronic wasting disease, the disease agent has taken up this abnormal form of the prion protein is taken up by the animal. (sciencefriday.com)
Pneumonia9
- Researchers from the BUILD project assessed the effect of coadministration of vaccines on the effectiveness of the individual vaccines for goat plague, goat pneumonia and sheep and goat pox. (ilri.org)
- The results mean that small ruminants can benefit from combined vaccination against new diseases that farmers may be unaware of such as goat plague, when the animals are being vaccinated against goat pneumonia and other diseases whose impact on flocks is well known. (ilri.org)
- Because the animals have been tracked with the GPS collars, officials said that, since the reintroduction, they had not come in contact with any domestic sheep, which has often been the cause of pneumonia infections in the past. (963theblaze.com)
- Though pneumonia has not been seen in the Missouri Breaks sheep for years, FWP will be monitoring the animals. (963theblaze.com)
- For instance, a 2010 pneumonia outbreak killed over 600 sheep in western Montana. (963theblaze.com)
- A toll of 20-40% of the mortality has been reported at organized sheep farms due to pneumonia of bacterial or viral origin. (sheepfarm.in)
- However, recent reports of bighorns coughing have state wildlife biologists concerned that disease - particularly pneumonia - could impact the future of the herd. (gohunt.com)
- Another sheep herd severely impacted by pneumonia. (gohunt.com)
- Testing has revealed that the primary cause of the disease outbreak is a new strain of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae which causes severe pneumonia in bighorns. (gohunt.com)
Clostridial diseases4
- Common vaccinations for Dorset sheep include those for clostridial diseases and respiratory illnesses. (dorsetsheep.org)
- You can (and should) vaccinate your sheep for clostridial diseases to keep them healthy against a range of ailments. (hobbyfarms.com)
- The vaccine is most commonly called CDT, which affects three of the clostridial diseases including overeating and tetanus. (hobbyfarms.com)
- There are other versions of this vaccine that protect against several more of the clostridial diseases. (hobbyfarms.com)
Cattle and sheep1
- A bacterium that causes intestinal illness in cattle and sheep could also be responsible for Crohn's disease, U.S. researchers say. (abc.net.au)
Centers for Diseas1
- Gulf War illness does not have a diagnostic code, Ahmed said, and was determined from survey responses using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. (fox40.com)
NSDV1
- The Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV), also known as Ganjam virus, is a species in the genus Orthonairovirus belonging to the Nairobi sheep disease serogroup. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
- This article discusses various animal diseases that have been identified in different species and regions in England and Wales. (cabi.org)
Chronic7
- What Causes Chronic Wasting Disease? (sciencefriday.com)
- Prions in soil are a key to chronic wasting disease, but not all soils are created equal. (sciencefriday.com)
- IRA FLATOW: Why then is the soil such a key component of chronic wasting disease? (sciencefriday.com)
- The participants' vaccination status, whether they had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, whether they had chronic diseases, and medications the participants were taking had no effect on the dogs' performance. (medscape.com)
- Other TSEs include scrapie (a disease of sheep), feline spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible mink encephalopathy, and chronic wasting disease of deer and elk. (medscape.com)
- Q fever is an acute or chronic disease caused by the rickettsial-like bacillus Coxiella burnetii . (msdmanuals.com)
- Chronic disease manifestations reflect the organ system affected. (msdmanuals.com)
Deer1
- Disease surveillance of enclosed and wild deer in Great Britain. (cabi.org)
Populations2
- The recovery of bighorn sheep populations in Oregon has been a great success story of wildlife management. (gohunt.com)
- Respiratory disease remains the biggest impediment to restoring and sustaining bighorn sheep populations. (wafwa.org)
Lameness1
- The other welfare concerns include gastro-intestinal disease, lameness and serious ocular infections. (nspca.co.za)
Nairobi3
- Nairobi sheep disease virus/Ganjam virus" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
- Yadav PD, Vincent MJ, Khristova M, Kale C, Nichol ST, Mishra AC, Mourya DT (2011) Genomic analysis reveals Nairobi sheep disease virus to be highly diverse and present in both Africa, and in India in the form of the Ganjam virus variant. (wikipedia.org)
- Although reassortment was not detected in this Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus co-infection, a potential risk for emergence of a new pan- demic strain by reassortment between these 2 viruses RNA in Ixodid Ticks, (with humans as mixing vessels) should not be ignored. (cdc.gov)
Respiratory disease2
- The canceled hunts are in the Lookout Mt. Unit east of Baker City, Ore. where a respiratory disease was found in bighorn sheep in mid-February 2020. (gohunt.com)
- In 2015, the Wild Sheep Disease Management Venture (DMV) was established by the Western Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) Wild Sheep Working Group (WSWG) to identify management challenges associated with these respiratory disease events and collaboratively develop solutions to these challenges. (wafwa.org)
20202
- FWP noted the sheep came from the Missoula River Breaks in 2020 and 2021. (963theblaze.com)
- Disease surveillance in England and Wales, October 2020. (cabi.org)
20231
- Disease surveillance in England and Wales, March 2023. (cabi.org)
Infectious Disease3
- Author affiliations: Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military of China for Infectious Disease (nos. (cdc.gov)
- Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- An infectious disease that causes thickening of the sinus lining or solid masses in the upper respiratory sinuses. (wafwa.org)
Infection5
- To reduce the risk for emergence of new viral subtypes, the public health and scientific communities should en- Shangshu Gong,1 Biao He,1 Zedong Wang,1 hance surveillance for co-infection with influenza (H7N9) Limin Shang, Feng Wei, Quan Liu, Changchun Tu virus and other influenza virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
- Sheep grazing stubble or on harsh feed are most susceptible to scabby mouth infection due to a higher incidence of minor injuries of the mouth and feet. (vic.gov.au)
- The infection that causes the disease in cows is thought to be the same one that causes vCJD in humans. (medlineplus.gov)
- La fièvre Q est-elle une infection émergente en Turquie? (who.int)
- When emerging pathogens are successfully transmitted between humans, they can be amplified in conditions that favour spread of disease, such as overcrowded areas or hospitals with poor infection control. (who.int)
Herd4
- The disease has apparently spread to other members of the herd. (963theblaze.com)
- With about 400 animals, Oregon's Lookout Mountain bighorn sheep herd is considered to be one of the biggest in the state. (gohunt.com)
- The Lookout Mountain herd is primarily comprised of California bighorn sheep. (gohunt.com)
- To help evaluate and visualize the relationship of herd history, performance, disease risk, and pathogens to sample, several flowcharts exist to help wild sheep managers and veterinarians appreciate and categorize wild sheep herds for surveillance and adaptive management actions. (wafwa.org)
Pigs1
- Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) affects wild and domestic pigs and other mammals. (infopet.co.uk)
Veterinary5
- Independent veterinary practices, who cooperate under the XLVets community banner, have banded together to carry out a nationwide study on sheep scab. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- The initiative is being supported by Bimeda UK, who provide an online Sheep Scab Academy that helps veterinary surgeons and SQPs stay up to date with best practice for sheep scab control. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- This paper presents the report prepared by Defra, the Animal Health Trust and the British Veterinary Association on the third quarter results of equine disease surveillance from July to September 2011. (cabi.org)
- Global Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccines Market: Global Size, Trends, Competitive, Historical & Forecast Analysis, 2022-2028- Increasing prevalence of foot and mouth diseases, rising number of veterinary centres, and a growing number of government awareness programs for protecting animals are major factors anticipated to drive the global foot and mouth disease vaccines market. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- Since the beginning of the pandemic, researchers such as Holger Volk, PhD, chair of small animal diseases at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover, Germany, have been investigating whether dogs can recognize SARS-CoV-2 infections. (medscape.com)
Prions3
- Worse, sheep carry prions in more tissues than cattle, including the muscle that people eat, so BSE-infected sheep could cause more human disease than mad cows. (vetscite.org)
- P4 also does not bind prions from sheep experimentally infected with BSE, but does bind all but one forms of scrapie tested with it. (vetscite.org)
- Judd Aiken is a professor in the Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases at the Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. (sciencefriday.com)
Parasite control2
- While there are other websites and information resources about sheep parasite control, it can be difficult for producers and veterinarians to parse out what data may be relevant to local flocks. (ucalgary.ca)
- Worms cost woolgrowers more than any other disease and SCIPS aims to promote parasite control methods that will be effective into the future. (bvsalud.org)
Parasites3
- It deals also with the important parasites - internal and external - affecting sheep, the nutritional deficiencies affecting them and the common plant and chemical poisons. (morgansrarebooks.com)
- As a result of concerns about resistance to Group 3-ML wormers, when targeting external parasites, it is advised that more specific products are used, such as organophosphorus dip, delivered using on-farm or mobile plunge sheep dippers. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- If there's one thing that would put the majority of sheep farmers out of business, parasites can sure do it. (ucalgary.ca)
Foot and Mou10
- This tool is proving to be such an innovative way to communicate and educate, we're excited to announce that we've been asked to present at the European Union for the Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease (EUFMD) and United Nations conference in France! (think.digital)
- Global Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccines Market is valued at USD 2.23 Billion in 2021 and expected to reach USD 4.19 Billion by 2028 with a CAGR of 9.4% over the forecast period. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- The foot and mouth disease vaccines address not only the need for FMD-free countries but also for the extermination of this distressing disease. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- The lockdown was imposed because the outbreak of COVID-19 caused supply chain disruptions of raw materials which caused a shortage of foot and mouth disease vaccines. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- The traveling restrictions due to lockdown have also negatively impacted the global foot and mouth disease vaccines market growth. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- The global foot and mouth disease vaccines market is segmented into on the basis of animal type, vaccine type, distribution channel and region & country level. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- On the basis of animal type, the global foot and mouth disease vaccines market is segmented into cattle, pig, sheep and goat and others. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- The regions covered in global foot and mouth disease vaccines market report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Rest of the World. (brandessenceresearch.com)
- Immune response against lumpy skin disease after simultaneous vaccination of cattle with sheep pox and goat pox and foot and mouth disease vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
- Foot and Mouth Disease (SAP) Institute, Ankara, Turkiye. (bvsalud.org)
Goat pox1
- Cattle are vaccinated two times a year with FMD and sheep pox and goat pox vaccines (SGP) within 30-day intervals to combat both diseases in Türkiye. (bvsalud.org)
Prevention3
- Apart from curing diseases, its health-care effects will definitely surprise you: Seasonal Diseases of various kinds of stress induced by sheep can occur when the seasons come and go, when the seasons change, when the cold and the heat come and go, when the cold and the heat come and go, at this time has a very good prevention and treatment of Sophora flavescens effect, it is recommended to try. (medgmp.com)
- Vaccination is a key component of disease prevention. (dorsetsheep.org)
- Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases often cause serious problems because of their epidemic potential, the often high case-fatality ratio, difficulties in their treatment and prevention, and often unpredictable societal reactions. (who.int)
Symptoms4
- The new result announced recently, from a sheep reported with scrapie symptoms, is the first to give results that resembled BSE. (vetscite.org)
- Some of the most damaging symptoms of HD are the 'cognitive', or 'thinking' symptoms of the disease. (hdbuzz.net)
- The study found that veterans with the illness were more than twice as likely to self-report atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or issues related to plaque buildup that blocks arteries, as veterans who did not have symptoms related to the condition. (fox40.com)
- These diseases all have long incubation periods but are typically rapidly progressive once clinical symptoms begin. (medscape.com)
Viruses1
- Hantaviruses form a genus of viruses that cause a variety of human diseases that range from a relatively mild condition to severe illness depending on the hantavirus. (who.int)
Nairovirus1
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, a member of the Nairovirus genus, is transmitted by ticks and causes serious disease in human beings but is not pathogenic for ruminants, its amplifying host. (who.int)
Ovis2
- Caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis , sheep scab, was notifiable in the UK until 1992 and was only made notifiable again in Scotland in 2010. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) are an iconic mammal of the desert southwest and are found in small mountain ranges scattered across Mojave National Preserve (Preserve) and nearby desert habitats in southeastern California. (wafwa.org)
Breeding2
- Texel sheep originate from the island of Texel, one of the north-western islands off the Netherlands and now dominate breeding the UK sheep industry. (yahoo.com)
- If you're breeding Dorset sheep, follow best practices for mating and lambing. (dorsetsheep.org)
Merino1
- Brachygnathia, cardiomegaly and renal hypoplasia syndrome (BCRHS, OMIA 001595-9940 ) is a previously reported recessively inherited disorder in Australian Poll Merino/Merino sheep. (nih.gov)
Outbreak2
- The Australian wool industry had a robust strategy to minimise the potential trade impacts on the industry if an outbreak of an Emergency Animal Disease was to occur in Australia. (wool.com)
- This type of a disease outbreak is something ODFW works hard to prevent and is a concerning setback, given the history of how this disease affects bighorn sheep," said Ratliff. (gohunt.com)
Fatal2
- It is a highly fatal disease caused due to a decline in the plane of nutrition and short periods of starvation (40 hrs) during the last two months of pregnancy. (sheepfarm.in)
- Australian drought-stricken sheep foraging on a toxic plant have shed light on the cause of a potentially fatal rare liver disease in children. (abc.net.au)
Mortality4
- Speaking about the significance of the findings, Alex Mabirizi, a master's fellow in the BUILD project who led the research said, 'combined administration of vaccines will significantly reduce disease spread and mortality. (ilri.org)
- Morbidity and mortality are the two important factors resulting in heavy losses in sheep production and improvement programs. (sheepfarm.in)
- Over 75 herds experienced 3 or more years of poor lamb recruitment post disease event and 20 herds having 10 or more years of high lamb mortality. (wafwa.org)
- The severe forms of the disease are haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and a pulmonary syndrome with a high mortality. (who.int)
Biosecurity1
- But never could I have imagined that one day I'd be beaming in a 3D digital sheep and creating an app to help people like my Dad think about how biosecurity and emergency animal diseases like Foot and Mouth (FMD) might present. (think.digital)
Contact with domestic sheep1
- Even if the domestic sheep are carrying the bacteria, that wouldn't be conclusive proof that the bighorns were infected by contact with domestic sheep," said Ratliff . (gohunt.com)
Occurs2
- Even though BSE has not been found in farmed sheep yet, the possibility that BSE occurs in "scrapie" diseased sheep can not be excluded. (biomedcentral.com)
- A deficiency occurs in sheep on dry countryside during periods of drought. (sheepfarm.in)
Cows1
- The Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) created a vaccine for cows against FMD. (brandessenceresearch.com)
Ratliff1
- Since the first ram was discovered, 10 to 12 additional bighorn sheep have died with the most recent death on April 5, according to Brian Ratliff, district wildlife biologist. (gohunt.com)
Infections2
- Researchers are investigating whether dogs can sniff out various diseases, such as cancer, COVID-19, or bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
- Overview of Rickettsial and Related Infections Rickettsial diseases (rickettsioses) and related diseases (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Q fever, scrub typhus) are caused by a group of gram-negative, obligately intracellular coccobacilli. (msdmanuals.com)
Husbandry1
- Regular monitoring, record-keeping, and seeking professional guidance when needed are all essential components of successful Dorset sheep husbandry. (dorsetsheep.org)
Experimentally4
- Furthermore, sheep experimentally fed BSE develop a disease indistinguishable from ordinary scrapie, making detection very difficult. (vetscite.org)
- IHC seems to be a reliable indicator of BSE, as it has given a constant pattern in the 100 sheep of different genetic varieties experimentally infected with BSE and tested so far. (vetscite.org)
- The IHC pattern reliably indicates BSE, says Matthews, having been constant in the 100 experimentally infected sheep of different genetic varieties tested so far. (vetscite.org)
- BSE from experimentally infected sheep has so far been passed to just one more round of sheep, with no apparent change. (vetscite.org)
Researchers2
- A three-parent IVF technology designed to help women with mitochondrial disease to have healthy children needs more consideration before it is deployed, argue researchers. (abc.net.au)
- How smart are sheep, and why do HD researchers care? (hdbuzz.net)
Vaccination2
- Farmers in rural areas will also be saved from making numerous trips over long distances to take animals for vaccination against different diseases,' he said. (ilri.org)
- Sheep intended for live trade with the Middle East may require another vaccination before export. (vic.gov.au)
Bacteria5
- There is strong evidence that this bacteria may be responsible for Crohn's disease. (abc.net.au)
- The blood is a sterile environment so the presence of this bacteria in the blood indicates this disease might be systemic, which means it may start in the intestine and ultimately it may infiltrate into other organs," he said. (abc.net.au)
- However, the officials are always warning against exposure of wild sheep to domestic sheep, which are not affected by the bacteria, but many are carriers. (963theblaze.com)
- The carcass, found about 18 miles north of Huntington, tested positive for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae bacteria - bacteria that has caused massive die-offs in bighorn sheep herds across the West. (gohunt.com)
- Simply put, it's a disease caused by bacteria that's present in the sheep's environment, including the soil and feces. (hobbyfarms.com)
Centre2
- Findings from the research , which was conducted at the National Animal Disease Diagnostic Centre in Entebbe, Uganda, showed that the concurrent administration of vaccines did not affect the effectiveness of individual vaccines or cause unwanted adverse effects such as diarrhoea and fever. (ilri.org)
- left to right) Dr. Tom Besser - WSU, Dr. Frances Cassirer- ID, Rich Harris - WA, Hank Edwards - WY, Dr. Helen Schwantje - BC, Clay Brewer - WSF, Dr. Craig Stephen - facilitator with National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Dr, Peri Wolff - NV, and Mike Cox - NV (kneeling). (wafwa.org)
Scientists2
- But while scientists say the sheep did not have conventional BSE, they cannot rule out the possibility that it could have had a new form of mad cow disease that has adapted to sheep. (vetscite.org)
- Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep, was introduced to the public in 1997 after scientists at the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland implanted the cell nucleus from a sheep into an egg that was subsequently fertilized to create a clone. (pewresearch.org)
Metabolic1
- Each disease changes individual metabolic steps in the body, which is a topic of research in metabolomics. (medscape.com)
Bovine Spongiform Enc3
- For related information, see Medscape Reference article Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy . (medscape.com)
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are related disorders. (medscape.com)
- Incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Great Britain. (medscape.com)
Animal13
- DENVER, Colo. - The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced the publication of a proposed rule on animal disease traceability today. (sheepusa.org)
- The American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) supports the concept of a national animal disease traceability program and appreciates USDA's efforts to seek advice and ideas from stakeholders prior to publishing a proposed regulation," says Jim Logan, DVM, ASI Animal Health Committee chairman. (sheepusa.org)
- The proposed rule for the animal disease traceability program can be accessed at http://www.ofr.gov/OFRUpload/OFRData/2011-20281_PI.pdf and will be published in the Federal Register on August 11. (sheepusa.org)
- So any BSE in sheep could still be circulating despite subsequent bans on animal-derived feed. (vetscite.org)
- This week, South Australia's Primary Industries Minister Clare Scriven was on hand with Emily Mellor from PIRSA and Rob Barwell from Animal Health Australia to officially launch the latest Think Digital creation - the Sheep Emergency Animal Disease AR application at the Growing SA event in Hahndorf. (think.digital)
- Thankfully, most producers in Australia have never seen an exotic emergency animal disease such as FMD and Scrapie first hand. (think.digital)
- The Department of Primary Industry and Regions (PIRSA) and Animal Health Australia (AHA) also wanted to include other potential illnesses as options to show that diseases such as FMD may present similarly to other, less serious conditions. (think.digital)
- On behalf of my team, we would like to extend a heartfelt thanks to PIRSA, AHA, Emily Buddle and the many other experts who collaborated with us to bring the Sheep Emergency Animal Disease AR Application to fruition. (think.digital)
- Well, sheep have several advantages when it comes to large animal modeling HD. (hdbuzz.net)
- The translational benefits of sheep as large animal models of human neurological disorders. (omia.org)
- The transmission of this disease was demonstrated first in 1943 when a population of Scottish sheep was accidentally inoculated against a common virus using a formalin extract of lymphoid tissue from an animal with scrapie. (medscape.com)
- Our leading experts provide support to clients in areas animal disease, diagnosis and surveillance. (sruc.ac.uk)
- The emergence of new infectious diseases is a consequence of ecological and environmental changes, human demographics and behaviour, increasing international travel, more intensive agricultural practices, changes in technological and industrial practices, microbial adaptation and change, and infrastructural shortcomings for both public health and animal health. (who.int)
VCJD1
- Acquired CJD includes variant CJD (vCJD), the form related to mad cow disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Reservoirs1
- The major reservoirs for STEC are sheep and cattle feces. (usda.gov)
Animals3
- This disease is a can impact live sheep exports due to the close confinement of animals. (vic.gov.au)
- Animals that recover from scabby mouth develop a life long immunity to the disease. (vic.gov.au)
- Blisters on feet and mouth caused by the virus also reduced milk production, lack of appetite, fever show animals suffering from the disease. (brandessenceresearch.com)
Notifiable1
- Regulations with regard to the diagnosis and management of footrot in sheep vary between states, but in some states, footrot is a notifiable disease. (wool.com)
Domestic1
- Laboratory guide to the dissection and study of the anatomy of the domestic ruminants (ox, sheep, goat) by Duane Russell Peterson. (upenn.edu)
Occur1
- Leg and foot lesions may also occur when sheep graze stubble paddocks and the skin is damaged by the sharp stalks remaining after the crop has been harvested. (vic.gov.au)
20011
- A previous attempt to determine whether British sheep had acquired BSE went spectacularly wrong in 2001 when sheep and cattle brains were mixed up in the lab. (vetscite.org)
Parkinson's1
- Service dogs help patients with multiple sclerosis , spina bifida , Parkinson's disease , cerebral palsy, or other diseases through targeted assistance. (medscape.com)
Farms2
- Many sheep farms are not testing for sheep scab and it's easily mistaken for lice infestation. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- Results: Sixty-five STEC strains were recovered from cattle, sheep and chicken feces in several farms within distinct regions in the Culiacan Valley. (usda.gov)
Affects2
- Crohn's disease is an inflammation of the digestive tract, most commonly the bowel, that affects about a million people worldwide. (abc.net.au)
- Acute disease causes a febrile illness that often affects the respiratory system, although sometimes the liver is involved. (msdmanuals.com)
Farmers5
- It can also increase vaccine adoption, thereby curbing the spread of diseases and the related devastation of farmers' livelihoods. (ilri.org)
- We want to encourage vets and farmers to start the conversation and to start actively testing for sheep scab. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- We're also looking more widely at the potential for anonymous reporting systems that will alert farmers across a general area when sheep scab is a risk. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- Farmers concerned about sheep scab or who want to know more should talk to their vet about sheep scab testing. (companionconsultancy.co.uk)
- Dorset sheep, known for their hardiness and adaptability, have long been a favorite among shepherds and farmers. (dorsetsheep.org)