AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
SewageWater MicrobiologyWaste Disposal, FluidSanitary EngineeringWater PollutionWater PurificationEnterovirusRefuse DisposalFresh WaterPoliovirusEnvironmental MonitoringWater Pollutants, ChemicalBiodegradation, EnvironmentalRiversFertilizersFecesWater PollutantsBacteriaFiltrationWaste ManagementIndustrial WasteEnterobacteriaceaeNorth CarolinaArctic RegionsOceans and SeasEquipment SafetyDevice ApprovalWaterRoboticsBathing BeachesFirefightersTosylarginine Methyl EsterFiresRescue WorkCaliforniaCopyrightAttitude to ComputersAuthorshipIntellectual PropertyAccess to InformationWaste WaterBiofilmsDermatologyHuman CharacteristicsFolkloreSubstance Abuse DetectionEnzyme Multiplied Immunoassay TechniqueGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryElectronic MailFood Dispensers, AutomaticEditorial PoliciesPeriodicals as TopicPostal ServiceInternet
Sewage: Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Waste Disposal, Fluid: The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.Sanitary Engineering: A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of environmental facilities conducive to public health, such as water supply and waste disposal.Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Water Purification: Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.Enterovirus: A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".Refuse Disposal: The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.Fresh Water: Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.Poliovirus: A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Biodegradation, Environmental: Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.Rivers: Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).Fertilizers: Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Filtration: A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Waste Management: Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.Industrial Waste: Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.Enterobacteriaceae: A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.North CarolinaArctic Regions: The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)Oceans and Seas: A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).Equipment Safety: Freedom of equipment from actual or potential hazards.Device Approval: Process that is gone through in order for a device to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required preclinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance. It is not restricted to FDA.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Robotics: The application of electronic, computerized control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses.Bathing Beaches: Beaches, both natural and man-made, used for bathing and other activities.Firefighters: Professional or volunteer members of a fire department who are trained to suppress fire and respond to related emergency.Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).FiresRescue Work: Activities devoted to freeing persons or animals from danger to life or well-being in accidents, fires, bombings, floods, earthquakes, other disasters and life-threatening conditions. While usually performed by team efforts, rescue work is not restricted to organized services.CaliforniaCopyright: It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)Attitude to Computers: The attitude and behavior associated with an individual using the computer.Authorship: The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.Intellectual Property: Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent and Copyright Clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) of the United States Constitution provides for promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed, p1014)Access to Information: Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.Waste Water: Contaminated water generated as a waste product of human activity.Biofilms: Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.Dermatology: A medical specialty concerned with the skin, its structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.Human Characteristics: The fundamental dispositions and traits of humans. (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)Folklore: The common orally transmitted traditions, myths, festivals, songs, superstitions, and stories of all peoples.Substance Abuse Detection: Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique: An immunoenzyme test for the presence of drugs and other substances in urine and blood. The test uses enzyme linked antibodies that react only with the particular drug for which the sample is being tested.Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.Electronic Mail: Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.Food Dispensers, Automatic: Mechanical food dispensing machines.Editorial Policies: The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Postal Service: The functions and activities carried out by the U.S. Postal Service, foreign postal services, and private postal services such as Federal Express.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Immobilization patterns and dynamics of acetate-utilizing methanogens immobilized in sterile granular sludge in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. (1/1860)

Sterile granular sludge was inoculated with either Methanosarcina mazeii S-6, Methanosaeta concilii GP-6, or both species in acetate-fed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors to investigate the immobilization patterns and dynamics of aceticlastic methanogens in granular sludge. After several months of reactor operation, the methanogens were immobilized, either separately or together. The fastest immobilization was observed in the reactor containing M. mazeii S-6. The highest effluent concentration of acetate was observed in the reactor with only M. mazeii S-6 immobilized, while the lowest effluent concentration of acetate was observed in the reactor where both types of methanogens were immobilized together. No changes were observed in the kinetic parameters (Ks and mumax) of immobilized M. concilii GP-6 or M. mazeii S-6 compared with suspended cultures, indicating that immobilization does not affect the growth kinetics of these methanogens. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antibodies against either M. concilii GP-6 or M. mazeii S-6 showed significant variations in the two methanogenic populations in the different reactors. Polyclonal antibodies were further used to study the spatial distribution of the two methanogens. M. concilii GP-6 was immobilized only on existing support material without any specific pattern. M. mazeii S-6, however, showed a different immobilization pattern: large clumps were formed when the concentration of acetate was high, but where the acetate concentration was low this strain was immobilized on support material as single cells or small clumps. The data clearly show that the two aceticlastic methanogens immobilize differently in UASB systems, depending on the conditions found throughout the UASB reactor.  (+info)

Anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers by methanogenic consortia. (2/1860)

Three methanogenic enrichment cultures, grown on ortho-phthalate, iso-phthalate, or terephthalate were obtained from digested sewage sludge or methanogenic granular sludge. Cultures grown on one of the phthalate isomers were not capable of degrading the other phthalate isomers. All three cultures had the ability to degrade benzoate. Maximum specific growth rates (microseconds max) and biomass yields (YXtotS) of the mixed cultures were determined by using both the phthalate isomers and benzoate as substrates. Comparable values for these parameters were found for all three cultures. Values for microseconds max and YXtotS were higher for growth on benzoate compared to the phthalate isomers. Based on measured and estimated values for the microbial yield of the methanogens in the mixed culture, specific yields for the phthalate and benzoate fermenting organisms were calculated. A kinetic model, involving three microbial species, was developed to predict intermediate acetate and hydrogen accumulation and the final production of methane. Values for the ratio of the concentrations of methanogenic organisms, versus the phthalate isomer and benzoate fermenting organisms, and apparent half-saturation constants (KS) for the methanogens were calculated. By using this combination of measured and estimated parameter values, a reasonable description of intermediate accumulation and methane formation was obtained, with the initial concentration of phthalate fermenting organisms being the only variable. The energetic efficiency for growth of the fermenting organisms on the phthalate isomers was calculated to be significantly smaller than for growth on benzoate.  (+info)

Identification of a novel group of bacteria in sludge from a deteriorated biological phosphorus removal reactor. (3/1860)

The microbial diversity of a deteriorated biological phosphorus removal reactor was investigated by methods not requiring direct cultivation. The reactor was fed with media containing acetate and high levels of phosphate (P/C weight ratio, 8:100) but failed to completely remove phosphate in the effluent and showed very limited biological phosphorus removal activity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA was used to investigate the bacterial diversity. Up to 11 DGGE bands representing at least 11 different sequence types were observed; DNA from the 6 most dominant of these bands was further isolated and sequenced. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA sequences suggested that one sequence type was affiliated with the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria, one was associated with the Legionella group of the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria, and the remaining four formed a novel group of the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria with no close relationship to any previously described species. The novel group represented approximately 75% of the PCR-amplified DNA, based on the DGGE band intensities. Two oligonucleotide rRNA probes for this novel group were designed and used in a whole-cell hybridization analysis to investigate the abundance of this novel group in situ. The bacteria were coccoid and 3 to 4 microm in diameter and represented approximately 35% of the total population, suggesting a relatively close agreement with the results obtained by the PCR-based DGGE method. Further, based on electron microscopy and standard staining microscopic analysis, this novel group was able to accumulate granule inclusions, possibly consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate, inside the cells.  (+info)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides reveals localization of methanogens and selected uncultured bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic sludge granules. (4/1860)

16S rRNA-targeted in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to elucidate the spatial distribution of microbes within two types of methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C), in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors fed with sucrose-, acetate-, and propionate-based artificial wastewater. The spatial organization of the microbes was visualized in thin sections of the granules by using fluorescent oligonucleotide probes specific to several phylogenetic groups of microbes. In situ hybridization with archaeal- and bacterial-domain probes within granule sections clearly showed that both mesophilic and thermophilic granules had layered structures and that the outer layer harbored mainly bacterial cells while the inner layer consisted mainly of archaeal cells. Methanosaeta-, Methanobacterium-, Methanospirillum-, and Methanosarcina-like cells were detected with oligonucleotide probes specific for the different groups of methanogens, and they were found to be localized inside the granules, in both types of which dominant methanogens were members of the genus Methanosaeta. For specific detection of bacteria which were previously detected by whole-microbial-community 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-cloning analysis (Y. Sekiguchi, Y. Kamagata, K. Syutsubo, A. Ohashi, H. Harada, and K. Nakamura, Microbiology 144:2655-2665, 1998) we designed probes specific for clonal 16S rDNAs related to unidentified green nonsulfur bacteria and clones related to Syntrophobacter species. The probe designed for the cluster closely related to Syntrophobacter species hybridized with coccoid cells in the inner layer of the mesophilic granule sections. The probe for the unidentified bacteria which were clustered with the green nonsulfur bacteria detected filamentous cells in the outermost layer of the thermophilic sludge granule sections. These results revealed the spatial organizations of methanogens and uncultivated bacteria and their in situ morphologies and metabolic functions in both mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludges.  (+info)

Combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and microautoradiography-a new tool for structure-function analyses in microbial ecology. (5/1860)

A new microscopic method for simultaneously determining in situ the identities, activities, and specific substrate uptake profiles of individual bacterial cells within complex microbial communities was developed by combining fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and microautoradiography. This method was evaluated by using defined artificial mixtures of Escherichia coli and Herpetosiphon aurantiacus under aerobic incubation conditions with added [3H]glucose. Subsequently, we were able to demonstrate the potential of this method by visualizing the uptake of organic and inorganic radiolabeled substrates ([14C]acetate, [14C]butyrate, [14C]bicarbonate, and 33Pi) in probe-defined populations from complex activated sludge microbial communities by using aerobic incubation conditions and anaerobic incubation conditions (with and without nitrate). For both defined cell mixtures and activated sludge, the method proved to be useful for simultaneous identification and analysis of the uptake of labeled substrates under the different experimental conditions used. Optimal results were obtained when fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides were applied prior to the microautoradiographic developing procedure. For single-cell resolution of FISH and microautoradiographic signals within activated sludge flocs, cryosectioned sample material was examined with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The combination of in situ rRNA hybridization techniques, cryosectioning, microautoradiography, and confocal laser scanning microscopy provides a unique opportunity for obtaining cultivation-independent insights into the structure and function of bacterial communities.  (+info)

Water pollution and human health in China. (6/1860)

China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructure, have resulted in widespread water pollution. In China today approximately 700 million people--over half the population--consume drinking water contaminated with levels of animal and human excreta that exceed maximum permissible levels by as much as 86% in rural areas and 28% in urban areas. By the year 2000, the volume of wastewater produced could double from 1990 levels to almost 78 billion tons. These are alarming trends with potentially serious consequences for human health. This paper reviews and analyzes recent Chinese reports on public health and water resources to shed light on what recent trends imply for China's environmental risk transition. This paper has two major conclusions. First, the critical deficits in basic water supply and sewage treatment infrastructure have increased the risk of exposure to infectious and parasitic disease and to a growing volume of industrial chemicals, heavy metals, and algal toxins. Second, the lack of coordination between environmental and public health objectives, a complex and fragmented system to manage water resources, and the general treatment of water as a common property resource mean that the water quality and quantity problems observed as well as the health threats identified are likely to become more acute.  (+info)

Detection of small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples by a seminested PCR assay. (7/1860)

A rapid and sensitive assay was developed for detection of small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples. Water and sewage samples were filtered, and the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. The enrichment cultures were prepared for PCR by a rapid and simple procedure consisting of centrifugation, proteinase K treatment, and boiling. A seminested PCR based on specific amplification of the intergenic sequence between the two Campylobacter flagellin genes, flaA and flaB, was performed, and the PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. The assay allowed us to detect 3 to 15 CFU of C. jejuni per 100 ml in water samples containing a background flora consisting of up to 8, 700 heterotrophic organisms per ml and 10,000 CFU of coliform bacteria per 100 ml. Dilution of the enriched cultures 1:10 with sterile broth prior to the PCR was sometimes necessary to obtain positive results. The assay was also conducted with food samples analyzed with or without overnight enrichment. As few as +info)

PCR detection of genes encoding nitrite reductase in denitrifying bacteria. (8/1860)

Using consensus regions in gene sequences encoding the two forms of nitrite reductase (Nir), a key enzyme in the denitrification pathway, we designed two sets of PCR primers to amplify cd1- and Cu-nir. The primers were evaluated by screening defined denitrifying strains, denitrifying isolates from wastewater treatment plants, and extracts from activated sludge. Sequence relationships of nir genes were also established. The cd1 primers were designed to amplify a 778 to 799-bp region of cd1-nir in the six published sequences. Likewise, the Cu primers amplified a 473-bp region in seven of the eight published Cu-nir sequences. Together, the two sets of PCR primers amplified nir genes in nine species within four genera, as well as in four of the seven sludge isolates. The primers did not amplify genes of nondenitrifying strains. The Cu primers amplified the expected fragment in all 13 sludge samples, but cd1-nir fragments were only obtained in five samples. PCR products of the expected sizes were verified as nir genes after hybridization to DNA probes, except in one case. The sequenced nir fragments were related to other nir sequences, demonstrating that the primers amplified the correct gene. The selected primer sites for Cu-nir were conserved, while broad-range primers targeting conserved regions of cd1-nir seem to be difficult to find. We also report on the existence of Cu-nir in Paracoccus denitrificans Pd1222.  (+info)

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China Underground Wastewater Treatment Plant System (WSZ) - China Sewage Treatment Plant, Domestic Sewage TreatmentChina Underground Wastewater Treatment Plant System (WSZ) - China Sewage Treatment Plant, Domestic Sewage Treatment
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PORTABLE, NON-BIOLOGICAL, CYCLIC SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT - Patent applicationPORTABLE, NON-BIOLOGICAL, CYCLIC SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT - Patent application
29. An improved method of non-biological treatment of untreated sewage water, the improved method comprising providing a sewage treatment system having sewage water intake means for receiving said untreated sewage water and directing it into said treatment system in a sewage water stream; a clarifier coupled to said sewage water intake means said clarifier having a tank having a vertical axis extending between a top and a bottom; tank walls surrounding said vertical axis and defining a clarifier interior, said tank walls further defining a holding chamber disposed adjacent said top, said holding chamber having substantially vertical, cylindrical sides extending a spaced distance below said top; and a circulating chamber disposed below said holding chamber and extending to said bottom, said circulating chamber having substantially conical walls converging at a select angle relative to said vertical axis from adjacent said holding chamber to adjacent said bottom; a sewage water stream injection ...
Sewage sludge treatment - WikipediaSewage sludge treatment - Wikipedia
Sewage sludge treatment describes the processes used to manage and dispose of sewage sludge produced during sewage treatment. Sludge is mostly water with lesser amounts of solid material removed from liquid sewage. Primary sludge includes settleable solids removed during primary treatment in primary clarifiers. Secondary sludge separated in secondary clarifiers includes treated sewage sludge from secondary treatment bioreactors. Sludge treatment is focused on reducing sludge weight and volume to reduce disposal costs, and on reducing potential health risks of disposal options. Water removal is the primary means of weight and volume reduction, while pathogen destruction is frequently accomplished through heating during thermophilic digestion, composting, or incineration. The choice of a sludge treatment method depends on the volume of sludge generated, and comparison of treatment costs required for available disposal options. Air-drying and composting may be attractive to rural communities, while ...
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Definitions of Terms Used in Sewage and Sewage Disposal PracticeDefinitions of Terms Used in Sewage and Sewage Disposal Practice
... After several conferences were held to try to unify sewerage and sewage disposal practice terminology in 1926, there remained considerable differences of opinion. In the fall of 1926, definitions in alternate of approximately 70 terms were sent to about 100 sanitary engineers, 35 of whom replied, giving definite expressions of opinion. Definitions of Terms used in Sewerage and Sewage Disposal Practice harmonizes these differences in technical opinions, compiling a wide range of vocabulary into a useful, concise list. This document would be useful to engineers in the field of sewerage and sewage disposal.
Metagenomics of urban sewage identifies an extensively shared antibiotic resistome in China | Microbiome | Full TextMetagenomics of urban sewage identifies an extensively shared antibiotic resistome in China | Microbiome | Full Text
The urban sewage resistome represents the emission of antibiotic resistance from the gastrointestinal tracts of citizens into wastewater treatment plants. A large-scale sampling of municipal sewage from 17 major cities across China was performed in this study. The seasonal variation and geographical distribution of the urban sewage antibiotic resistome were characterized. Municipal sewage harbored diverse and abundant resistance genes, conferring resistance to almost all antibiotics, highlighting that municipal sewage could be a major conduit for transferring antibiotic resistance genes into the environment. Significant seasonal differences were observed in the urban sewage antibiotic resistome (P , 0.01). Seasonal temperature changes might have a significant influence on the variation of antibiotic resistance and on the composition of microbial community. The seasonality of microbial communities in lakes [42], soil [43], and sludge [44] has been well documented. Temperature and ...
Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Sewage Sludge by Soluble Metallic Salts | Bentham ScienceCatalytic Wet Oxidation of Sewage Sludge by Soluble Metallic Salts | Bentham Science
Title:Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Sewage Sludge by Soluble Metallic Salts. VOLUME: 7 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Sun Yuhong, Si Chongdian and Han Hong. Affiliation:Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Jining University, Shandong 273155, China.. Keywords:Sewage sludge, soluble catalysts, wastewater treatment, wet oxidation.. Abstract:Sewage sludge is the material which is generated upon conventional wastewater treatment processes and it is must be treated to reduce the hazards and environmental impact. Wet oxidation (WO) is applied to treat industrial and municipal sewage sludge (3000- 6000mg/L total organic carbon). Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of temperature, H2O2 excess (HE), the initial TOC, residence time and concentration of catalyst on oxidation of the municipal sewage sludge. The results showed that greater than 90% TOC removal from sewage sludge was achieved using catalytic wet oxidation (CWO). Homogenous catalyst, FeSO4 and CuSO4 showed effective removal ...
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Biological sulphate reduction with primary sewage sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor - Part 5: Steady-state modelBiological sulphate reduction with primary sewage sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor - Part 5: Steady-state model
POINAPEN, J e EKAMA, GA. Biological sulphate reduction with primary sewage sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor - Part 5: Steady-state model. Water SA [online]. 2010, vol.36, n.3, pp.193-202. ISSN 1816-7950.. This paper describes the development of a steady-state anaerobic digestion model for biological sulphate reduction using primary sewage sludge (PSS) as substrate. The model comprises: a chemical oxygen demand (COD) based hydrolysis kinetics part in which the PSS biodegradable COD and sulphate removals are calculated for given hydraulic and sludge retention times; a C, H, O, N, P, S, COD and charge mass balance stoichiometry part in which the alkalinity generated (from both the HCO3- and HS-) is determined from the COD and sulphate removals; and an inorganic carbon (CO2) and sulphide mixed weak acid/base chemistry part in which the digester pH is calculated from the HCO3- and HS- species formed. From the stoichiometry, it was found that the PSS is carbon limited in that it does ...
Use of non-targeted environmetrics and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to assess sewage treatment plant...Use of non-targeted environmetrics and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to assess sewage treatment plant...
Large and ever-increasing numbers of chemicals, including large quantities of a broad spectrum of organic compounds are used in modern society. More than 30 000 of the more than 100 000 chemical substances registered in the EU are estimated to be daily used, of which many will be discharged into the waste-streams handled by municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs). The main objective of the work underlying this thesis was to improve understanding of the relationships between the characteristics of sewage contaminants and their sewage treatment efficiency. Further objectives were to examine the relationships between socio-economic uses of chemicals and sludge quality, and the effects of regulatory actions on sludge quality.. The quality of the sewage sludge and the levels and distribution patterns of the sludge contaminants, both within and between the STPs, seem to remain quite constant over time. The overall findings indicate that the levels of contaminants in sewage sludge seem to be largely ...
Its Time to Talk (Again) about Sewage Sludge on FarmlandIt's Time to Talk (Again) about Sewage Sludge on Farmland
The "land application" of sewage sludge has been promoted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1993 as the preferred method for the disposal of this by-product of municipal wastewater treatment. Millions of tons of hazardous sewage sludge have subsequently been spread on farmland and public parks in the United States. Sometimes it is bagged and sold as "organic" fertilizer and compost in garden supply stores. No matter how it is processed or how slick it is marketed as a fertilizer or soil amendment, putting sewage sludge on land is a health and environmental disaster. Has sewage sludge caused any farm damage? Once the sludge leaves the wastewater treatment plant, it is not tracked; theres no national system for reporting sludge-related health or environmental problems; and farmers are not known for having deep pockets, which is what it would take to bring the issue of damages to U.S. courts.. Nevertheless, in February 2008, the McElmurrays, dairy farmers from Georgia, received an ...
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ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE, SEWAGES AND FINAL EFFLUENTANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE, SEWAGES AND FINAL EFFLUENT
Report No DWI0202 ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE, SEWAGES AND FINAL EFFLUENT. DWI0202. Nov 1978. ABSTRACT. Exposure to excessive concentrations of cadmium and mercury has produced adverse effects on health in certain communities. Fears exist that some of the other so called "heavy metals" may have similar toxic effects. In addition,some of these elements may have detrimental effects upon crop growth and yield. They may also have adverse effects in the environment on other living organisms if their disposal and dispersal is not regulated in such a manner as to prevent the accumulation of toxic concentrations.. Raw sewage contains significant concentrations of "heavy metals" Which are not degraded by the processes of sewage treatment, they may leave the sewage treatment works in either the final effluent or the sludges produced. Monitoring the concentrations of these metals in the various types of samples produced during sewage treatment is a time consuming task. It is necessary if ...
Purple martins, miniature wasps and natural bacteria kill the pests at S.A. sewage plant - San Antonio Express-NewsPurple martins, miniature wasps and natural bacteria kill the pests at S.A. sewage plant - San Antonio Express-News
Purple martins, miniature wasps and natural bacteria kill the pests at S.A. sewage plant At the San Antonio Water Systems Dos Rios sewage plant, the air is full of quick-darting birds with rich, kingly purple plumage. Dozens of them soared above 25 acres of concrete-lined rectangles filled with sewage sludge, occasionally diving closer to the black gunk below as it dried in the sun. Eaton, a SAWS manager, has spent about 20 years perfecting the natural pest-control methods SAWS uses at its largest wastewater treatment plant, where it handles up to 400 tons per day of sludge leftover from the treatment process. SAWS won awards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2004 and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in 2011 for its work at Dos Rios, where the utility recycles water for irrigation and harvests natural gas from its sludge. Many utilities mechanically press the water from their sludge and send it to landfills, composting facilities or farms to be used as fertilizer. Like
30hp WQ Submersible Sewage Pump Theory Sea Water Sewage Pump30hp WQ Submersible Sewage Pump Theory Sea Water Sewage Pump
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Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Networking System - AdvantechMunicipal Sewage Treatment Plant Networking System - Advantech
The municipal sewage treatment in Tianjin, China is currently one of biggest sewage treatment plants in China. Not only is the layout well designed, but many of the systems and processing techniques are most the advanced in the country, with various techno-economic indicators reaching the highest level in China. This plant has applied state-of-t
Performance and Economics of Large Scale UASB Sewage Treatment Plants on Environmental XPRTPerformance and Economics of Large Scale UASB Sewage Treatment Plants on Environmental XPRT
Article Performance and Economics of Large Scale UASB Sewage Treatment Plants. This article evaluates the performance of 10 large scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) sewage treatment plants (STP), located in Brazil (7), India (2) and the Mid...
Microbial Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge by Liquid State Bioconversion Process - Universiti Putra...Microbial Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge by Liquid State Bioconversion Process - Universiti Putra...
The study of microbial treatment of domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWTP) sludge by liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process was conducted by several approaches. A total of 70 strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from three different sources (wastewater, DWTP sludge and landfill leachate), which belonged to the genera of Penicillium (39 strains), Aspergillus (14 strains), Trichoderma (12 strains), Spicaria (3 strains) and Hyalojlorae (2 strains). In the screening test, the fungal strains WWZPI003 (Penicillium corylophilum), SCahmAI03 (Aspergillus niger), SCahmTI05 (Trichoderma hamianum) and PC-9 (Phanerochaete chrysosporium), among their respective groups of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Basidiomycete, played potential roles in tenns of separation, biodegradation and filtration of treated DWTP sludge. The results of the compatible mixed culture optimization study showed a compatible growth of the mixed culture for PIA, PIPC and AfPC and the combinations PIT, AfT and T/PC ...
Assessment of burden of virus agents in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on Environmental XPRTAssessment of burden of virus agents in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on Environmental XPRT
Article Assessment of burden of virus agents in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sewage discharge is considered to be the main source of virus contamination in aquatic environments. There is no correlation between the presen...
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Sewage Sludge Treatment for Energy Purpose in China : Waste Treatment in ChinaSewage Sludge Treatment for Energy Purpose in China : Waste Treatment in China
The thesis is divided to wastewater basics, sludge treatment methods, sludge treatment apparatuses, China government vision about sludge treatment and future views. The thesis aims to give information about sludge business, governmental status and supporters. The thesis includes alternative sludge disposal methods and compares them in order to find the best possible situation for sludge incineration in China. There is an estimation the sludge business begins rapidly growing in few years, but sludge incineration is still big question. The best sludge processing methods and answers for future sludge treatments depend on governments regulations ...
Enhanced biogas production from municipal WWTPs : Co-digestion of microalgae with sewage sludge and thermophilic secondary...Enhanced biogas production from municipal WWTPs : Co-digestion of microalgae with sewage sludge and thermophilic secondary...
Biogas is produced when organic material is broken down in oxygen-free (anaerobic) conditions. This process is called anaerobic digestion and is used in most large and medium-sized municipal wastewater treatment plants in Sweden. In the wastewater treatment sewage sludge is obtained, from the mecanical-, biological and chemical treatment step, which contains decomposable organic material. The sludge is pumped into a digester, which is an airtight container. In the digester raw biogas, consisting of methane and carbon dioxide, is produced. The material that comes out of the digester is a nutrient rich residue (digestate) which can be used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. The purpose of this study was to explore ways to increase the biogas production that takes place at the municipal wastewater treatment plants by either co-digestion of sewage sludge with microalgae from a possible future biological purification steps or to use two digestion stages in series with different operating ...
Its Time to Talk (Again) about Sewage Sludge on FarmlandIt's Time to Talk (Again) about Sewage Sludge on Farmland
The land application of sewage sludge has been promoted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1993 as the preferred method for the disposal of this by-product of municipal wastewater treatment. Millions of tons of hazardous sewage sludge have subsequently been spread on farmland and public parks in the United States. No matter how it is processed or how slick it is marketed as a fertilizer or soil amendment, putting sewage sludge on land is a health and environmental disaster.
Industrial Sewage System, China Industrial Sewage System product list - Bossgoo.comIndustrial Sewage System, China Industrial Sewage System product list - Bossgoo.com
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Extraction of metals and phosphorus from incinerated municipal sewage sludge :: Engineering Technical Reports Collection,...Extraction of metals and phosphorus from incinerated municipal sewage sludge :: Engineering Technical Reports Collection,...
EXTRACTION OF METALS AND PHOSPHORUS FROM INCINERATED MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE Robert C. Gabler, Jr., Research Chemist David L. Neylan, Chemist College Park Metallurgy Research Center Bureau of Mines U.S. Department of the Interior College Park, Maryland 20740 INTRODUCTION In the U.S. approximately 9.3 million dry tons [ 1 ] of municipal sewage sludge is generated annually, of which 35% is incinerated. As an extension of the Bureau of Mines program to convert waste materials from a disposal problem into a secondary resource, studies were undertaken to determine if the metals and phosphorus can be removed prior to disposal of the ash. By this approach, the ash is converted into an environmentally acceptable material while valuable resources are conserved. Although this secondary source of metals and phosphorus will probably not be economically competitive with conventional ores, part of the extraction-recovery cost could be borne as a disposal expense. This resource recovery study, being conducted ...
Al Fin Energy: Biodiesel from Sewage Sludge Very Close to EconomicalAl Fin Energy: Biodiesel from Sewage Sludge "Very Close" to Economical
Municipal sewage sludge is gaining traction in the US and around the world as a lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. First, municipal sewage sludge contains significant concentrations of lipids derived from the direct adsorption of lipids onto the sludge. These energy-containing lipids include triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids contained in the oils and fats. In addition, microorganisms used in the wastewater treatment process utilize organic and inorganic compounds in the wastewater as a source of energy, carbon, and nutrients. The cell membrane of these microorganisms is a major component of sewage sludge and is composed primarily of phospholipids. It is estimated at 24% to 25% of dry mass of the cell and yields about 7% oil from the dried secondary sludge. Other studies have demonstrated that up to 36.8 wt % of the dry sludge is comprised of fatty acids and steroids. With the fatty acids from sludge predominantly in the range of C10 to C18, ...
Oil Sludge Treatment Plant - Vertical Cuttings Dryer,Vertical Centrifuge, Hazardous waste management and treatment equipment...Oil Sludge Treatment Plant - Vertical Cuttings Dryer,Vertical Centrifuge, Hazardous waste management and treatment equipment...
Different areas and different clients has different oily sludge and final requirements for the oily sludge separation & treatment, following questions are needed to be clear for us to provide the best proposal for your oily sludge treatment solutions.. -What is the origin and geographic location of the waste sludge (drilling, refinery, other)?. -What is the makeup of the oil sludge (percentage of oil, water and solids)?. -What volume of oil sludge is to be treated?. -How long you need to complete the treatment of the oil sludge?. -What is the challenge or problem of the current situation?. -What is the target to achieve for the final oil, water and solids?. -What process / equipment is being used on location at present for the oil sludge treatment? How is the performance now?. -Whats your budget for the oil sludge treatment plant?. Knowning above queations,we can supply you suitable Oil Sludge Treatment Plant ! (Editor:Kosun Lily.Wang). Kosun- China Solids Control Leader&Drilling Waste ...
Influence of Sewage Sludge Compost on the Cultivation - Abida BegumInfluence of Sewage Sludge Compost on the Cultivation - Abida Begum
Indias population has expanded from 342 million in 1947 to 1.12 Billion at present. The urban population is expected to grow to 470 million by 2015. With the growing population, urbanization and demand for consumer goods, both quantity and quality of urban solid waste has changed significantly causing serious environmental problems Urban solid waste is a major contributor to global warming; it leads to surface and ground water pollution through run-off from dump sites and unhygienic sanitary surroundings The environmental management, pollution abatement and control activities require essential build up of systematic knowledge in multidisciplinary areas through research and development.. Sewage sludge, also known as biosolids, is a by product of sewage treatment processes. Land application of sewage sludge is one of the important disposal alternatives. Characteristics of sewage sludge depend upon the quality of sewage and type of treatment processes followed. Being rich in organic and inorganic ...
Know About Sewage Plant, Latest News, 2020, Photos & Videos on TopYaps, 2019Know About Sewage Plant, Latest News, 2020, Photos & Videos on TopYaps, 2019
TopYaps - Read Sewage Plant Latest News Stories 2020, politics, health, bollywood, Sewage Plant Gossip, Photo Stories, Viral Videos and More Latest news on social media 2019.
Sewage Water Treatment Plant in Surajpur, Greater Noida - ManufacturerSewage Water Treatment Plant in Surajpur, Greater Noida - Manufacturer
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Ohio water district to sell treated sewage water for frackingOhio water district to sell treated sewage water for fracking
From the Marcellus Drilling News: The Buckeye Water District, a municipal sewer and water authority in Wellsville (Columbiana County), OH, voted yesterday to sell treated sewage water for use in fracking Utica Shale wells. MDN would call that a win/win and smart. Just how much are companies willing to pay for treated sewage water to use in fracking? The deal is a bit complicated (see below), but the upshot is Keystone Clearwater Solutions, the company doing the buying, will pay $6.60 per thousand gallons for treated sewage water. The Buckeye Water District board on Thursday approved a one-year agreement to supply bulk water for use in the shale gas industry. BWD will sell treated water to Keystone Clearwater Solutions, a Hershey, Pa., based firm that
Israeli settlers open the sewage water on the Palestinian fields in Husan VillageIsraeli settlers open the sewage water on the Palestinian fields in Husan Village
On the early morning of August 20, 2016 the Israeli settlers from Bitar Eliet settlement opened the sewage water on the fields of the Palestinian farmers in Hussan village which is located west of Bethlehem. More than 40 dunums (1 dunum = 1000 m2) of cultivated lands was affected by the sewage water damage. These fields were owned by 12 families from Hussan.. Wadi Qudis is a valley about 500 dunums located in the middle of Bitar Elit Settlement because the settlement was built on the lands of Hussan village in the late 80s. Until this moment the farmers of the village are able to reach their lands and cultivate them despite all the daily harassments they face which include physical attacks from the settlers, burning of their crops, preventing them access to their land and now flooding the fields with sewage water.. Access to their fields has always been limited. The farmers can reach their fields only using donkeys and horses because they must cross the main gate of the settlement every day. ...
5.5kw high pressure centrifugal sewage pump5.5kw high pressure centrifugal sewage pump
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Method of Deep Sewage Treatment without Sludge Discharge and Device Therefor - Patent applicationMethod of Deep Sewage Treatment without Sludge Discharge and Device Therefor - Patent application
0016]In operation, before coming into the primary sedimentation tank by neutralization, the sewage is filtered by bar screen and strainer, to intercept the suspension of pollutant, and to protect the devices such as water pump unit used in the following process. The sewage coming into the primary sedimentation tank by neutralization is sampled, detected, added a suitable preparation to neutralize to make PH value be between 6-9. The sewage coming into the aeration tank is sampled, detected, added a suitable sewage treatment agent of LTC-A developed by Shanghai LianTan Chemical Ltd according to the detected result, which is pumped into the aerobic biological process tank together with the sewage in the aeration tank. The blaster unit supplies oxygen to the sewage in the primary sedimentation tank by neutralization, the aeration tank, and aerobic biological process tank respectively, so that fully with the various aerobic microorganism in the sewage the colloid-shaped and dissoluted organic matter ...
Managing Urban Sewage - An Introductory Guide for Decision-makersManaging Urban Sewage - An Introductory Guide for Decision-makers
VI. Information Systems. Information systems and other knowledge management tools can help improve the efficiency and reliability of urban sewage infrastructure. Some examples are described below.. A. Rainfall Information Systems. Some cities have established rainfall information systems to protect residents from floods. These systems are based upon the electric waves emitted from radar and reflected by raindrops and identify areas of rainfall and intensity. This information is then sent to pumping stations, sewage system maintenance offices and treatment plants to allow adequate time for staff to prepare and to ensure immediate pump operation. Data can also be collected and processed at a central information processing facility.. B. Sewage Mapping and Data Management Systems. It is also important to obtain accurate information on sewage facilities in order to maintain and manage them effectively. In Tokyo, a sewage mapping and information system, SEMIS, was installed in April 1986. SEMIS has ...
Leaching of ashes from co-combustion of sewage sludge and wood-Part I: Recovery of phosphorusLeaching of ashes from co-combustion of sewage sludge and wood-Part I: Recovery of phosphorus
Combustion of sewage sludge with subsequent recovery of phosphorus is a relatively new sludge treatment option. In the work described in this paper, recovery of phosphorus by acid leaching of fly ashes from co-combustion of sewage sludge with wood in a circulating fluidized bed combustor was investigated. The results showed that it is possible to find a pH range (0.5-1) in which one can extract a significant fraction of the phosphorus from these ashes without precipitation of secondary phosphates. The type of flocculation agent used in the waste water treatment plant where the sludge is formed has a significant effect on the phosphorus recovery. Ashes from combustion of sewage sludge that was formed using aluminium sulphate as flocculating agent released nearly all phosphorus at a pH value of 1. When iron sulphate was used as flocculating agent, this affected the chemistry of the resulting ashes, making phosphorus recovery more difficult. The yield of phosphorus from those ashes was 50-80%. In Part II
Cellvation - Sewage Treatment Plant Cost ReductionCellvation - Sewage Treatment Plant Cost Reduction
Cellvation reduces the operational costs of sewage treatment plants by removing up to 40% of the total suspended solids in sewage water. This results in 20% less sludge and 15% less energy for the aeration tanks. The final outcome is 10% increased capacity for the STP and a lower carbon footprint.
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Blue Republic / the republic under corporate occupation: Bush sewage plant, McCain ignores journalists, world loves ObamaBlue Republic / the republic under corporate occupation: Bush sewage plant, McCain ignores journalists, world loves Obama
Some individuals in San Francisco are promoting a November 2008 ballot initiative for renaming an award-winning sewage treatment plant the "George W. Bush Sewage Plant." Amusingly, the idea was hatched in a bar --where else, given the hee-hee factor. The group has named itself Presidential Memorial Commission of San Francisco. Click here for the "International Herald Tribune" story on the push: http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/25/america/bush.php. In more recent news, John McCain has ignored 5,000 journalists. Odd, since youd think that hed want more attention for himself in this Barack Obama-focused week. Alas, the group is the convention of UNITY: Journalists of Color. Apparently, he is skippting a meeting of journalists of African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American and Native American background.. You would think that McCain would enjoy showing up Obama in his backyard of Chicago, where the convention is meeting. And what about the Grand Old Partys claim to be a party of diversity? ...
If this happens in a small sewage plant how can we have confidence in a larger operation? - Independent...'If this happens in a small sewage plant how can we have confidence in a larger operation?' - Independent...
SEWAGE spillages in Balbriggan highlight the dangers of current sewage treatment management according to a Lusk community activist fighting plans to build a giant regional sewage plant
Erythromycin resistance-conferring plasmid pRSB105, isolated from a sewage treatment plant, harbors a new macrolide resistance...Erythromycin resistance-conferring plasmid pRSB105, isolated from a sewage treatment plant, harbors a new macrolide resistance...
The erythromycin resistance plasmid pRSB105 was previously isolated from an activated sludge bacterial community of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Compilation of the complete pRSB105 nucleotide sequence revealed that the plasmid is 57,137 bp in size and has a mean G+C content of 56.66 mol%. The pRSB105 backbone is composed of two different replication and/or partitioning modules and a functional mobilization region encoding the mobilization genes mobCDE and mobBA. The first replicon (Rept) is nearly identical to the corresponding replication module of the multiresistance plasmid pRSB101 isolated from an unknown activated sludge bacterium. Accordingly, pRSB101 and pRSB105 are sister plasmids belonging to a new plasmid family. The second replicon (Rep2) of pRSB105 was classified as a member of the IncP-6 group. While Rep1 confers replication ability only in gamma-proteobacteria, Rep2 extents the host range of the plasmid since it is also functional in the P-proteobacterium Ralstonia ...
Bio-Pure Illustration Of The Workings Of A System | Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants, Commercial Sewage Treatment PlantsBio-Pure Illustration Of The Workings Of A System | Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants, Commercial Sewage Treatment Plants
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Richmond Sunlight » 2010 » Onsite sewage systems; prohibits VDH from issuing permits that are located in a wetland. (HB132)Richmond Sunlight » 2010 » Onsite sewage systems; prohibits VDH from issuing permits that are located in a wetland. (HB132)
Alternative onsite sewage systems. Prohibits the Department of Health from issuing permits from alternative onsite sewage systems that are located in a wetland, (ii) setback less than 50 feet from any impaired waters, (iii) within one foot vertically of any groundwater resource, or (iv) discharging directly into a groundwater resource if located in the watershed of any impaired waters. Allows localities that include impaired waters to require maintenance standards and requirements for onsite sewage systems that exceed those established by the State Board of Health.
Sewage Disposal | Definition of Sewage Disposal by Merriam-WebsterSewage Disposal | Definition of Sewage Disposal by Merriam-Webster
Define sewage disposal: the process of removing and destroying or converting the noxious substances of sewage especially by ammonification and…
Download Smartphone Virus Removal Software: Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool 2010, Sophos Virus Removal Tool, 1999 Virus Removal...Download Smartphone Virus Removal Software: Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool 2010, Sophos Virus Removal Tool, 1999 Virus Removal...
Free smartphone virus removal downloads - Collection of smartphone virus removal freeware, shareware download - Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool, W32/CleanAgent Free Virus Removal Tool, Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool ...
Sewage Infrastructure Construction in Argentina to 2020: Market Databook: ken ResearchSewage Infrastructure Construction in Argentina to 2020: Market Databook: ken Research
Table 1: Timetric Construction Market Definitions. Table 2: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Output Market Value, 2011-2015. Table 3: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Output Market Value, (US$ Million) by Cost Type, 2011-2015. Table 4: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Output Market Value, (ARS Million) by Cost Type, 2011-2015. Table 5: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Output Market Value, Forecast, 2015-2020. Table 6: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Output Market Value, (US$ Million) by Cost Type, 2015-2020. Table 7: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Output Market Value, (ARS Million) by Cost Type, 2015-2020. Table 8: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Value Add Market Value, 2011-2015. Table 9: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction Value Add Market Value, 2015-2020. Table 10: Argentinean Sewage Infrastructure Construction, New Construction Output, 2011-2015. Table 11: Argentinean Sewage ...
New Progress to Reduce Sewage Pollution in the Bay | San Francisco BaykeeperNew Progress to Reduce Sewage Pollution in the Bay | San Francisco Baykeeper
The Bay Areas worst-polluting sewer agencies are spilling less sewage into San Francisco Bay, thanks to Baykeepers Sick of Sewage campaign.. Sewage pollution has been one of the most serious threats to the Bays health due to crumbling Bay Area sewer infrastructure. During the rainy season, millions of gallons of partially treated and raw sewage have spilled directly into the Bay or into storm drains, creeks, rivers, and sloughs that empty into the Bay.. But now, Baykeepers legal actions have compelled sewage agencies serving 20 Bay Area cities to make upgrades and repairs to stop sewage spills. We have legally-binding agreements requiring these sewer systems to replace miles of cracked pipes, boost inspections, and improve their infrastructure, on a year-by-year timetable.. Baykeeper recently reviewed these sewer agencies progress in 2012, and several are ahead of their required timetables for making upgrades. One agency, serving South San Francisco, has fixed its sewage pollution problem ...
Efficiency of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge in...Efficiency of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludge in...
The study is focused on the comparison of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion, thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion, based on long term monitoring of all processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, with an emphasis on the efficiency in destroying pathogens. The hygienisation effect was evaluated as a removal of counts of indicator bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci as CFU/g total sludge solids and a frequency of a positive Salmonella spp. detection. Both thermophilic technologies of municipal wastewater sludge stabilisation had the capability of producing sludge A biosolids suitable for agricultural land application when all operational parameters (mainly temperature, mixing and retention time) were stable and maintained at an appropriate level. ...
High variety of known and new RNA and DNA viruses of diverse origins in untreated sewage. - ImmunologyHigh variety of known and new RNA and DNA viruses of diverse origins in untreated sewage. - Immunology
Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, |10(-4)), including known pathogens (|90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those
Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment PlantsBiological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants
... Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation Wastewater Treatment Plants instructs readers in the theory, equipment, and practical techniques needed to optimize BNR in varied environments, from plants larger than 380 000 m3/d (100 mgd) to plants smaller than 380 m3/d (100 000 gpd), anywhere in the world. The most up-to-date and comprehensive guide ever written on achieving higher standards of water quality through biological nutrient removal, this expert-authored text links practical BNR to all phases of wastewater treatment, covering system design, equipment choices, configuring equipment and processes, monitoring, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Contents include: Overall Process Considerations; Nitrification and Denitrification; Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal; Combined Nutrient Removal Systems; Models for Nutrient Removal; Sludge Bulking and Foaming; Chemical Addition and Chemical Feed Control; Sludge Fermentation;
Effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | IslandScholarEffects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | IslandScholar
In this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. Exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. Due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. There was no trout mortality for any of the Show moreIn this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. Exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. Due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. There was no trout mortality for any of the ...
Filamentous Bacterium Eikelboom Type 0092 in Activated Sludge Plants in Australia Is a Member of the Phylum ChloroflexiFilamentous Bacterium Eikelboom Type 0092 in Activated Sludge Plants in Australia Is a Member of the Phylum Chloroflexi
Molecular data show that the filamentous bacterium Eikelboom type 0092, frequently seen in Australian activated sludge plants, is a member of the phylum Chloroflexi. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes designed against cloned 16S rRNA sequences from a full-scale enhanced biological phosphate removal-activated sludge plant community, where this was a dominant filament morphotype, suggest that it can exist as two variants, differing in their trichome diameter. When applied to samples from several treatment plants in eastern Australia, each FISH probe targeted only the type 0092 filament morphotype against which it was designed. The patterns of FISH signals generated with both were consistent with the ribosomes not being evenly distributed but arranged as intracellular aggregates. The FISH survey data showed that these two variants appeared together in most but not all of the plants examined. None stained positively for intracellular presence of either poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates or ...
Regina sewage plant upgrade wont get environmental assessment - Saskatchewan - CBC NewsRegina sewage plant upgrade won't get environmental assessment - Saskatchewan - CBC News
A controversial sewage plant upgrade in Regina will not require an environmental impact assessment, the Saskatchewan government says.
Water | Free Full-Text | Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants Through the Use of Unconventional Treatment Technologies:...Water | Free Full-Text | Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants Through the Use of Unconventional Treatment Technologies:...
The occurrence and removal efficiencies of the pharmaceuticals lidocaine (LDC), tramadol (TRA) and venlafaxine (VEN), and their major active metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), O-desmethyltramadol (ODT) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) were studied at four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) equipped with activated sludge treatment technologies. In parallel to activated sludge treatment, the removal efficiency of the compounds in pilot- and full-scale projects installed at the WWTPs was investigated. Within these projects two different treatment methods were tested: adsorption onto powdered/granulated activated carbon (PAC/GAC) and ozonation. The metabolite MEGX was not detected in any sample. The concentrations of the target analytes in wastewater effluents resulting from activated sludge treatment ranged from 55 to 183 (LDC), 88 to 416 (TRA), 50 to 245 (ODT), 22 to 176 (VEN) and 77 to 520 ng L−1 (ODV). In the pilot project with subsequent treatment with PAC/GAC, the mean concentrations of
Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
The concentrations of some widely used pharmaceuticals, namely fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin C17H18FN3O3, norfloxacin C16H18FN3O3 and ofloxacin C18H20FN3O4) and sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine C12H14N4O4S and sulfamethoxazole C10H11N3O3S ) were determined in urban sewage sludge utilized for making compost. The levels of degradation of these pharmaceuticals resulting from sludge treatment were assessed. The concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals sufficiently varied both in sewage sludge and in compost and due to this phenomenon the possible danger resulting from the presence of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge, used for composting, can not be ignored. The concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals were lower in compost, if compared to the relevant concentrations in sewage sludge. The highest pharmaceutical concentration in sewage sludge - 426 μg/kg - was detected in the case of ciprofloxacin. The highest concentrations present in compost were 22 μg/kg of norfloxacin and 20 μg/kg of ...
Wastewater Treatment Facility | Town of PendletonWastewater Treatment Facility | Town of Pendleton
The Pendleton-Clemson Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant has the capacity to treat 2.0 MGD. The Treatment Plant is an Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Process System that incorporates a Mixing Basin prior to the Main Aeration Basins, to control excessive growth of filamentous bacteria. The Phosphorus removal is achieved by chemical treatment of the Effluent of the Aeration Basins to complex dissolved phosphates into particulates, which are subsequently removed in the Clarifiers along with the excess mixed liquor suspended solids, transferred from the Aeration Basins. Residual BOD5 and Orthophosphate Solids not treated prior to Clarifier Effluent are captured by Tertiary Cloth Filters, and the Effluent passes through an Ultra Violet disinfection channel and Post Aeration prior to its discharge into Eighteen Mile Creek. The Waste Activated Sludge (Biosolids) withdrawn from the Clarifiers is stabilized and thickened in our Aerobic Digester Tanks, prior to being land applied on Agricultural ...
Wastewater Treatment Facility | Town of PendletonWastewater Treatment Facility | Town of Pendleton
The Pendleton-Clemson Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant has the capacity to treat 2.0 MGD. The Treatment Plant is an Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Process System that incorporates a Mixing Basin prior to the Main Aeration Basins, to control excessive growth of filamentous bacteria. The Phosphorus removal is achieved by chemical treatment of the Effluent of the Aeration Basins to complex dissolved phosphates into particulates, which are subsequently removed in the Clarifiers along with the excess mixed liquor suspended solids, transferred from the Aeration Basins. Residual BOD5 and Orthophosphate Solids not treated prior to Clarifier Effluent are captured by Tertiary Cloth Filters, and the Effluent passes through an Ultra Violet disinfection channel and Post Aeration prior to its discharge into Eighteen Mile Creek. The Waste Activated Sludge (Biosolids) withdrawn from the Clarifiers is stabilized and thickened in our Aerobic Digester Tanks, prior to being land applied on Agricultural ...
Raw sewage spills into Solomon Creek - News - Citizens VoiceRaw sewage spills into Solomon Creek - News - Citizens' Voice
An aging sewer main slated be replaced ruptured on Sunday afternoon, sending raw sewage flowing for hours into Solomon Creek in Wilkes-Barre, authorities said Monday.. "There was a large amount of sewage that went into Solomon Creek," said Colleen Connolly, a spokeswoman for the state Department of Environmental Protection. It was not immediately clear how much sewage was released.. The 27-inch pipe, near the Hanover Township and Wilkes-Barre border, was repaired by 2 a.m. Monday as the sewage was diverted through other sewer pipes, authorities said.. The main, which originates in Wilkes-Barre Township, leads to the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority. Solomon Creek eventually flows into the Susquehanna River.. Ironically, the agenda for Monday nights Hanover Township Commissioners meeting included a motion to seek bids for the replacement of the 20-year-old main, township Manager John Sipper said.. Commissioners are seeking bids for a larger 30-inch sewer main that will be 105 feet long, he ...
Development of a DNA microarray chip for the identification of sludge bacteria using an unsequenced random genomic DNA...Development of a DNA microarray chip for the identification of sludge bacteria using an unsequenced random genomic DNA...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Development of a DNA microarray chip for the identification of sludge bacteria using an unsequenced random genomic DNA hybridization method. AU - Byoung, Chan Kim. AU - Ji, Hyun Park. AU - Man, Bock Gu. PY - 2004/12/15. Y1 - 2004/12/15. N2 - A tool, based upon the DNA microarray chip, for the identification of specific bacteria from activated sludge, using the hybridization of genomic DNA with random probes, is described. This chip was developed using the genomic DNAs from Gordonia amarae, the natural filamentous actinomycete that causes sludge foaming and bulking, as well as a nonfilamentous floc forming bacterium (Zoogloea ramigera) and the skin pathogen Mycobacterium peregrinum without any sequence information. The sets of target probes on amine-coated glass were made from a genomic library, constructed with PCR products derived from randomly fragmented genomic DNAs extracted from pure cultures of the three strains. Initial hybridization results, when pure cultures were ...
City of Alexandria Invites Public Comment on Draft Combined Sewer System Permit | Communications & Public Information | City of...City of Alexandria Invites Public Comment on Draft Combined Sewer System Permit | Communications & Public Information | City of...
The City of Alexandria is encouraging residents to participate in a process that will help bring long-term improvements to Alexandrias sewer system infrastructure, improve water quality, and meet new regulatory requirements. In 2011, the City applied to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) for renewal of its Virginia Pollution Discharge Elimination Permit, which regulates the Citys Combined Sewer System (CSS). The system, a combination of storm and sanitary sewer systems, serves approximately 540 acres in Old Town. As part of the Citys Eco-City Alexandria initiative, and in coordination with VDEQ, the draft permit ensures regulatory requirements are met and the environment is protected. Under the permit negotiated by the City with VDEQ, the City will update its Long Term Control Plan (LTCP) over the next three years, and implement additional projects to improve water quality in the Potomac River, Chesapeake Bay, and Hunting Creek. This future LTCP, which community residents ...
Sabinet | Studies in poliomyelitis : IV : the distribution of the virus of poliomyelitis in a sewage purification works in...Sabinet | Studies in poliomyelitis : IV : the distribution of the virus of poliomyelitis in a sewage purification works in...
In an investigation to determine its distribution in a sewage purification plant, the virus of poliomyelitis was detected in the raw sludge, the settled sewage, and the effluent from the humus tanks. It was not detected in treated sludge that had undergone digestion for 30 days, nor in the final effluent after sand filtration. It was not detected in psychodid (sewage) flies from the sprinkler filterbeds, nor in the faecal droppings of European swallows hawking insects in the neighbourhood of the sewage works. It is recalled that in many sewage works the effluent from the humus tanks, shown to be infected in this investigation, is used to irrigate lands on which vegetables and fruit are grown. The potential danger of eating such vegetables and fruit raw is noted and discussed.
Amalgam Separation in the Dental Office - The What and Wherefore | IDA | dentalaegis.comAmalgam Separation in the Dental Office - The What and Wherefore | IDA | dentalaegis.com
Lets start with the basics. Mercury is a well-known neurotoxin. Once mercury is discharged to the environment, it converts to methylmercury, a very toxic form, and bioaccumulates in fish. Fish consumption is the number one exposure to mercury for humans and wildlife. The EPA has designated mercury as its number one hazardous waste.3 As a part of the EPAs strategy, sewage treatment plants are required to meet lower discharge limits for mercury in their liquid effluent discharge and in their sludge content. Sewage treatment plants receive discharge whether a facility is connected to a sewer or not; septic tanks are pumped regularly and the contents are discharged at sewage treatment plants.. The most common use of mercury in dental operations is dental amalgam. Amalgam is made up of approximately 40% to 50% mercury, 25% silver, and a 25% to 35% mixture of copper, zinc, and tin. The total amount of mercury per amalgam can range from 327 mg to 982 mg depending on the size of the amalgam.4. Amalgam ...
Idaho Environmental Guide for Local Governments: Wastewater - Idaho Department of Environmental QualityIdaho Environmental Guide for Local Governments: Wastewater - Idaho Department of Environmental Quality
Subsurface sewage disposal systems can service the needs of various wastewater generators ranging from individual homes to small communities. Where and how the wastewater is generated establishes the type of subsurface sewage system while the wastewater volume determines whether enhanced drainfield configurations are required.. There are two common types of subsurface treatment and disposal systems: 1) Individual on-site wastewater systems and 2) Central subsurface treatment and disposal systems, commonly referred to as a Community SSDS.. Additionally, if wastewater volumes of 2,500 gallons per day (GPD) or more are received by the SSDS, the drainfield is classified as a Large Soil Absorption System (LSAS) and must meet enhanced design, construction, monitoring and reporting requirements.. DEQ has established minimum standards, the Individual/Subsurface Sewage Disposal Rules (IDAPA 58.01.03), for the design, construction, siting, and use of individual and subsurface sewage disposal systems. ...
Form 2M1 Major Discharge Application for Permit to Discharge Municipal Domestic Wastewater :: Forms.OK.GovForm 2M1 Major Discharge Application for Permit to Discharge Municipal Domestic Wastewater :: Forms.OK.Gov
Form 2M1 Instructions - Page 1 Return to: Oklahoma Department of 707 N. Robinson Revised June 2008 Environmental Quality P.O. Box 1677 previous editions Water Quality Division Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 are obsolete Municipal Permitting Section Oklahoma DEQ Application for Permit to Discharge Municipal/Domestic Wastewater Form 2M1 - Major Discharge PLEASE DETACH THESE INSTRUCTIONS AND RETURN ONLY THE COMPLETED APPLICATION FORM ITSELF. This form must be completed by all major facilities applying for a permit to discharge under DEQs Municipal OPDES Permit Program. See instructions for the submittal of applications and the public notice requirements. Form 2M1 Instructions - Page 2 OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INSTRUCTIONS - DEQ FORM 2M1 (major) APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE MUNICIPAL/DOMESTIC WASTEWATER Form 2M1 must be completed by the owner/responsible official of a major municipal/domestic wastewater facility that wishes to discharge pollutants to waters of the State of ...
Consequences of sludge composition on combustion performance derived from thermogravimetry analysis (Journal Article) | SciTech...Consequences of sludge composition on combustion performance derived from thermogravimetry analysis (Journal Article) | SciTech...
Highlights: • Volatiles, particularly proteins, play a key role in sludge combustion. • Sludge combustion performance varies with different sludge organic concentrations. • Carbohydrates significantly affect the combustion rate in the second stage. • Combustion performance of digested sludge is more negative compared with others. - Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants produce millions of tons of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge is recognized as a promising feedstock for power generation via combustion and can be used for energy crisis adaption. We aimed to investigate the quantitative effects of various sludge characteristics on the overall sludge combustion process performance. Different types of sewage sludge were derived from numerous wastewater treatment plants in Beijing for further thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric curves were used to compare the performance of the studied samples. Proximate analytical data, organic compositions, elementary ...
Report on sewage plant falls short, lawyer claims - Thunder Bay - CBC NewsReport on sewage plant falls short, lawyer claims - Thunder Bay - CBC News
A Thunder Bay lawyer leading a class-action lawsuit against the city says the expert report on what happened at the sewage treatment plant during the flood in May leaves unanswered questions.
Response of phenol-acclimated activated sludge process to quantitative shock loading :: Engineering Technical Reports...Response of phenol-acclimated activated sludge process to quantitative shock loading :: Engineering Technical Reports...
RESPONSE OF PHENOL-ACCLIMATED ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS TO QUANTITATIVE SHOCK LOADING A. F. Rozich, Assistant Professor A. F. Gaudy, Jr., Professor and chairman Civil Engineering Department University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19711 INTRODUCTION This report brings together two lines of research in the authors laboratory, i.e., response of activated sludge processes to shock loadings and the treatment of toxic carbon sources, e.g., phenol. A recent paper has dealt with the prediction of response to combined hydraulic and quantitative shocks for systems treating a non-toxic carbon source [1]. Other work has dealt with the modeling and prediction of performance for activated sludge processes treating phenolic waste under non-shock conditions [2]. Both research concerns are of great importance to water pollution control efforts since it is becoming amply clear that biological treatment is depended upon for the bulk of wastewater purification, and it will be called upon to treat an increasing ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Microalgal Cultivation in Secondary Effluent: Recent Developments and Future WorkIJMS | Free Full-Text | Microalgal Cultivation in Secondary Effluent: Recent Developments and Future Work
Eutrophication of water catchments and the greenhouse effect are major challenges in developing the global economy in the near future. Secondary effluents, containing high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, need further treatment before being discharged into receiving water bodies. At the same time, new environmentally friendly energy sources need to be developed. Integrating microalgal cultivation for the production of biodiesel feedstock with the treatment of secondary effluent is one way of addressing both issues. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress in microalgal cultivation in secondary effluent to remove pollutants and accumulate lipids. Researchers have discovered that microalgae remove nitrogen and phosphorus effectively from secondary effluent, accumulating biomass and lipids in the process. Immobilization of appropriate microalgae, and establishing a consortium of microalgae and/or bacteria, were both found to be feasible ways to enhance pollutant removal and
Giving sewage the stainless steel treatmentGiving sewage the stainless steel treatment
Sewage treatment is a process that most people in developed countries take for granted. Its a topic that many of us may choose not to dwell on, yet effective processing of waste water is essential for the health of both humans and the environment. When sewage arrives at a waste water treatment plant, it is a nasty liquid mix of food materials, human waste, detergents, fats, oils and greases, as well as other waste chemicals and debris. At the sewage treatment works (STW) it undergoes a process of screening, settlement, oxidation and disinfection until it is sufficiently clean to be discharged back into the natural environment. Nickel-containing stainless steels play an increasing role in these plants (see table, page 11). Stainless steel Types 304 (UNS S30400) and 316 (S31600) and their low carbon variants are the principal alloys used, with duplex alloy 2205 (S32205) used where particularly severe conditions are anticipated or extra strength/decreased thickness is required. Stainless steel is ...
Sewage spill closes beachesSewage spill closes beaches
LONG BEACH - All the beaches in Long Beach were closed Saturday because of a 22,000-gallon sewage spill in South Pasadena, a Long Beach city official said. The sewage spill was first noticed about 8 a.m. and was contained by 10:40 a.m., said Nelson Kerr, Long Beachs recreational water manager. At about 2:30 p.m., county health officials told Long Beach health officials that sewage had spilled out of a manhole cover at Fair Oaks Avenue and State Street in South Pasadena and seeped into the storm system, which leads to a tributary that empties into the Los Angeles River, which runs to the ocean in Long Beach, he said. The estimated 22,000-gallon spill may have been caused by a grease plug in the line, Kerr said. The city health officer of Long Beach ordered the beaches closed for swimming to protect people from illnesses that can be contracted from contact with untreated sewage, Kerr said. The beaches will remain closed until water tests determine that water-borne bacteria is at acceptable ...
Agriculture minister inaugurates eco-friendly sewage water treatmentAgriculture minister inaugurates eco-friendly sewage water treatment
Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh inaugurated eco-friendly sewage water treatment plant at the Water Technology Centre of the IARI here...
Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal for Bethune Point and Westside Wastewater Treatment Facilities - GAI ConsultantsNitrogen and Phosphorous Removal for Bethune Point and Westside Wastewater Treatment Facilities - GAI Consultants
GAIs process experts assisted the city of Daytona Beach in achieving compliance with nutrient removal issues in their Wastewater Treatment Facilities. To resolve an FDEP consent order for these issues, GAI evaluated both facilities and prepared a basis of design and preliminary design report that included evaluation and recommendation to achieve compliance with Total Nitrogen requirements by addition of a carbon source. Pilot testing was completed successfully and then followed by final design, bid support, and construction services for a permanent system.. ...
Munitions Wastewater Treatment in Semicontinuous Activated Sludge Treatment Systems.Munitions Wastewater Treatment in Semicontinuous Activated Sludge Treatment Systems.
A bench-scale study for the treatment of munitions wastewater was conducted in a semicontinuous activated sludge treatment system over a period of 30 months. This work effort addressed the suitability of such systems for the treatment of munitions wastewaters, system performance, system removal capabilities, and the determination of kinetic constants. The system proved to be extremely stable and easy to operate. Organic removals reached almost 100% biodegradable COD removal and were consistently in excess of 95%. Complete nitrification and denitrification were consistently achieved. Solids separation and sludge settleability were excellent. Partial removals of RDX, HMX, TAX, and SEX were achieved. DMN was neither formed nor removed during the operation of the system. TNT removal was complete, and despite intensive efforts, no metabolites or degradation products of TNT were found in either the effluent or sludge.*WASTE WATER
DEEP: DEEP Announces $1 Million in Federal Grants Awarded for Marine Sewage Disposal Facilities for the 2018 Boating SeasonDEEP: DEEP Announces $1 Million in Federal Grants Awarded for Marine Sewage Disposal Facilities for the 2018 Boating Season
DEEP Announces $1 Million in Federal Grants Awarded for Marine Sewage Disposal Facilities for the 2018 Boating Season Abstract: Connecticut s Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) today announced that for the 2018 boating season, 43 marine facilities will receive $997,188 in funding under the annual Federal Clean Vessel Act (CVA) program.
Pharmaceutical residues in wastewater treatment works effluents and their impact on receiving river water - ResearchOnlinePharmaceutical residues in wastewater treatment works effluents and their impact on receiving river water - ResearchOnline
TY - JOUR. T1 - Pharmaceutical residues in wastewater treatment works effluents and their impact on receiving river water. AU - Zhou, J. L.. AU - Zhang, Z. L.. AU - Banks, E.. AU - Grover, D.. AU - Jiang, JiaQian. N1 - Originally published in: Journal of Hazardous Materials (2009), 166 (2-3), pp.655-661.. PY - 2009/7/1. Y1 - 2009/7/1. N2 - Various pharmaceutical residues are being discharged from wastewater treatment works (WTW) effluents, the impact of which on river water quality is of high relevance to environmental risk assessment. The concentrations of eleven pharmaceutical compounds were determined in three WTWs in England, and the river Ouse receiving effluents fromScaynes HillWTW. Results showthat five compounds propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, indomethacine and diclofenac were detected in all wastewater and river water samples, with carbamazepine showing the highest concentrations (up to 2336 ng L-1) in WTW influent. Different compounds were removed to different extent in ...
Impact of Alum Sludge on Lake Sediment Phosphorus Release and Benthic by David B. Jellerson"Impact of Alum Sludge on Lake Sediment Phosphorus Release and Benthic " by David B. Jellerson
Alum sludge from a Tampa water treatment plant was found to significantly reduce phosphorus release from anaerobic bottom sediments. The kinetics of phosphorus uptake by the sludge was evaluated in batch reactors. Further, the impact of the sludge on benthic organisms was determined in aquarium systems. Aquariums were set up with sediments and organisms from various lake habitats. Organisms were allowed to establish themselves and then test aquaria were dosed with alum sludge to cover the sediments. Benthic survival and heavy metal uptake were evaluated. Favorable phosphorus uptake was demonstrated in the batch reactors. The uptake kinetics were found to closely follow both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms over a wide range of sludge dose and phosphorus concentrations. Benthic organisms typical of polluted environments were not adversely affected by the sludge additions. However, oligochaetes exposed to the sludge had elevated metal concentrations. Clean water organisms were somewhat less
Effects of sewage sludge and copper enrichment on both soil mesofauna community and decomposition of oak leaves (Quercus suber)...Effects of sewage sludge and copper enrichment on both soil mesofauna community and decomposition of oak leaves (Quercus suber)...
A laboratory mesocosm experiment was performed to study the effects of copper-enriched sewage sludge application on a mesofauna community. For 12 weeks, characteristics and changes in this defined and artificial mesofauna community structure were monitored as well as the dynamics of leaf litter decomposition. The mesofauna community comprised six species of Collembola (Folsomia fimetaria, Isotomurus prasinus, Lepidocyrtus cyaneus, Mesaphorura macrochaeta, Parisotoma notabilis, Protaphorura armata), two species of acari Oribatida (Achipteria coleoptrata, Adoristes sp.), one species of acari Gamasida (Hypoaspis aculeifer) and one species of enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus). Three treatments included the addition of 22 g dry weight (DW) sludge spiked with 0, 200 and 1,000 mg Cu kg−1 DW sludge in each mesocosm, and one treatment had 66 g DW sludge spiked with 1,000 mg Cu kg−1 DW sludge added in each mesocosm. Copper, complexed with sludge due to a favourable pH, had no effect on community and ...
Solar Photocatalytic Treatment of Sewage using Titanium DioxideSolar Photocatalytic Treatment of Sewage using Titanium Dioxide
Pure water is never found in nature and it is increasingly rare to encounter a source of water that requires no treatment before being used for portable water supply. Conventional treatment methods are not effective for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants; hence other treatment techniques are necessary. One of the recent developments in this field is the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). In this Advanced Oxidation Process, photo catalysis is a technique which utilizes the solar radiation to treat the sewage with more organic contents. For the removal of organic waste form the sewage, oxidation reduction reaction is used and this reaction is accelerated using titanium dioxide as a strong oxidizing agent. Titanium di-oxide (TiO2) is widely used as a catalyst for this purpose, to oxidise or reduce the organic pollutants in wastewater. This paper deals with performance of the titanium dioxide under varying parameters of the sewage and its efficiency. The photo catalysis of sewage has been studied
Why Does My Water Smell Like Sewage?Why Does My Water Smell Like Sewage?
The first thing to do when youve noticed the smell of sewage in your faucet water is to inspect the cause and run a test to check the water chemistry. Since magnesium sulfide gas can live in the drain and pipelines, smell the water away from the drains to make sure your assessment is correct. Upon checking, youll find out the real culprit behind the smell of sewage. The simple process of stepping away from the sink will help determine the source of the problem. The isolation technique is done to identify whether the sewage smells come from the drain or from the water itself. Most likely, if its not in the drain and pipelines, its definitely in the water source. The best thing to do is to test the water for its chemistry. Whether youre using municipal water supplies or a private well, theres a high probability your water source is responsible for the unpleasant smell. Sewage smell is a clear indicator of contaminants in your drinking water. Locating the source of a smelly water problem will ...
History | Johnson County KansasHistory | Johnson County Kansas
As early as 1945, Johnson County, Kan., attempted to negotiate agreements with the City of Kansas City, Mo., to have the City treat wastewater from the County. Terms were never agreed upon and instead, Johnson County chose to build its own sewer system.. Johnson Countys Board of Commissioners created the first sewer district in the county in 1945. The Johnson County Sewer System was created at the same time. Two (2) years passed and construction on the first treatment plant began before the Board hired a sole employee to manage the sewer system.. The Board hired Chief Engineer Myron K. Nelson who laid the foundation for a growing wastewater treatment system in what, at that time, was one (1) of the fastest growing counties in the country. He and his staff were responsible for laying the foundation of the sewer system both in physical buildings and lines, as well as philosophies of quality and determination.. The first treatment plant, then called Mission Township No. 1 Treatment Plant, began ...
History | Johnson County KansasHistory | Johnson County Kansas
As early as 1945, Johnson County, Kan., attempted to negotiate agreements with the City of Kansas City, Mo., to have the City treat wastewater from the County. Terms were never agreed upon and instead, Johnson County chose to build its own sewer system.. Johnson Countys Board of Commissioners created the first sewer district in the county in 1945. The Johnson County Sewer System was created at the same time. Two (2) years passed and construction on the first treatment plant began before the Board hired a sole employee to manage the sewer system.. The Board hired Chief Engineer Myron K. Nelson who laid the foundation for a growing wastewater treatment system in what, at that time, was one (1) of the fastest growing counties in the country. He and his staff were responsible for laying the foundation of the sewer system both in physical buildings and lines, as well as philosophies of quality and determination.. The first treatment plant, then called Mission Township No. 1 Treatment Plant, began ...
A new method for characterizing denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria by using three different types of electron acceptors |...A new method for characterizing denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria by using three different types of electron acceptors |...
This study investigated the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria by using three different types of electron acceptors as well as the positive role of nitrite in phosphorus removal process. Denitrifying phosphorous removal bacteria was enriched under anaerobic-anoxic (A/A) condition. To understand A/A sludge better, sludge from two other sources were also studied. These include sludges obtained from a lab-scale anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A/A/O) system and a local sewage treatment plant. Three types of possible electron acceptors (oxygen, nitrate and nitrite) were examined for their roles in phosphorus uptake. The results obtained indicated that oxygen, nitrate and nitrite were able to act as electron acceptors successfully. This observation suggested that in addition to the two well-accepted groups of phosphorus removal bacteria (one can only utilize oxygen to take up phosphorus, PO, while the other can use both oxygen and nitrate, PON), a new group of phosphorus removal ...
Field testing of polymeric mesh and ash-based ceramic membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for decentralised sewage...Field testing of polymeric mesh and ash-based ceramic membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for decentralised sewage...
TEWARI, PK; SINGH, RK; BATRA, VS and BALAKRISHNAN, M. Field testing of polymeric mesh and ash-based ceramic membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for decentralised sewage treatment. Water SA [online]. 2012, vol.38, n.5, pp.727-730. ISSN 1816-7950.. This paper presents the initial findings of field testing of 2 low-cost membrane filters, viz. 30 μm polymeric mesh and 2-6 μηι macroporous waste-ash based ceramic filter, in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) employing batch anoxic and aerobic conditions. The influent was raw wastewater from a residential complex located near Delhi, India. The results indicated that the ceramic filter was able to operate for longer periods without cleaning; however, there is a limit to the transmembrane pressure it can withstand. The suspended solids retention was high with both filters (average of 96%). Moderate reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (NH,+) and total phosphorus (PO,3) was achieved. The improvements in operation required ...
Wastewater treatment plant design student workbook pdfWastewater treatment plant design student workbook pdf
... , activated sludge activated-sludge system aeration aerobic anaerobic digester Assume bacteria basin biochemical oxygen demand biological biosolids BOD removal Calculate carbon centrifuge chamber Chemical formula chlorine compounds cost denitrification depth Determine device dewatering diameter digested sludge discharge disinfection effluent ...
10/01/2014: EPA Provides $229 Million to New Jersey to Make Sewage Treatment Plants and Drinking Water Systems Damaged by Sandy...10/01/2014: EPA Provides $229 Million to New Jersey to Make Sewage Treatment Plants and Drinking Water Systems Damaged by Sandy...
The DEP has identified projects that are eligible for funding by using project priority ranking systems that are based on requirements in the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act and state regulations. The highest rankings were given to projects that have the greatest impact on protecting water quality and protecting drinking water for the most people. The DEP selected the proposed projects and submitted Intended Use Plans that included its recommended projects to the EPA for review. The state also accepted public comments on its Intended Use Plans. The EPA has approved those plans and awarded the $229 million to the DEP. New Jerseys Intended Use Plans include such projects as outfall repairs in Jersey City, the replacement of the Pequannock, Lincoln Park and Fairfield Sewerage Authoritys generator, and the replacement of damaged pumps in Long Beach Township. ...
Aichi Virus in Sewage and Surface Water, the Netherlands - Volume 19, Number 8-August 2013 - Emerging Infectious Disease...Aichi Virus in Sewage and Surface Water, the Netherlands - Volume 19, Number 8-August 2013 - Emerging Infectious Disease...
Detection of Aichi virus in humans was initially reported in Japan in 1989. To establish a timeline for the prevalence of Aichi virus infection among humans in the Netherlands, we conducted molecular analysis of archival water samples from 1987-2000 and 2009-2012. Aichi virus RNA was detected in 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 100% (7/7) of surface water samples collected during 1987-2000 and 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 71% (5/7) of surface water samples collected during 2009-2012. Several genotype A and B Aichi virus lineages were observed over the 25-year period studied, but the time course of viral genetic diversity showed recent expansion of the genotype B population over genotype A. Our results show that Aichi virus has been circulating among the human population in the Netherlands since before its initial detection in humans was reported and that genotype B now predominates in this country.
Microbiological and biochemical properties of an agricultural Mexican soil amended with sewage sludgeMicrobiological and biochemical properties of an agricultural Mexican soil amended with sewage sludge
INTRODUCTION. Soil organic matter (SOM) is generally recognized as one of most important factors of soil fertility, crop production, and protection from soil degradation, erosion and desertification (Senesi et al., 2007). In recent years, the intensive cropping of SOM-rich soils with consequent SOM depletion and the need to cultivate and/or enhance crop production of intrinsically SOM-poor soils and to protect soils from degradation and/or erosion have sparked a series of efforts to find alternative recovery or improvement practices of the SOM content (Senesi et al., 2007). Soil application of sewage sludge (SS) has become a common practice to increase yields, in view of the potential to increase soil fertility and due to the reduction of available disposal sites. It is an excellent way of recycling nutrients and organic matter contained in sludges. However, the health risks associated with the potential presence of pathogens, heavy metals and organic pollutants are well-known, as well as the ...
KC water employee died when plug gave way in sewage pipe | The Kansas City StarKC water employee died when plug gave way in sewage pipe | The Kansas City Star
A Kansas City water department employee died Monday night after a temporary plug in the sewer line he was working on gave way and the manhole filled with sewage, city officials said Tuesday.. The accident occurred about 5:20 p.m. behind the South Patrol Division police station at 9701 Marion Drive. Police and city water services officials gave this account:. Donald Fenton, 40, was working alone, repairing a valve on a 15-inch-diameter sewer pipe.. His co-workers heard what sounded like an explosion but actually was the sound of a rubber plug popping out of the sewer line being repaired, Water Services Department spokeswoman Jennifer Kincaid said. When they got to the manhole, the workers saw that sewage had filled the cavity where Fenton had been.. The co-workers jumped in to try to find him but could not. They used a backhoe to break the bottom of the main line to release the sewage. They tied a rope around Fentons body and pulled him from the manhole.. Fenton, a 14-year veteran of the water ...
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London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other MatterLondon Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
Geography of the State of PalestineGeography of the State of Palestine
Biogenic sulfide corrosionBiogenic sulfide corrosion
History of the Oakland RaidersHistory of the Oakland Raiders
The Political CesspoolThe Political Cesspool
Cheetham WetlandsCheetham Wetlands
System for Information on Grey Literature in EuropeSystem for Information on Grey Literature in Europe
Pennsylvania Route 171Pennsylvania Route 171
Manning formulaManning formula
SivagangaSivaganga
DairyDairy
Port reception facilitiesPort reception facilities
Rose GeorgeRose George
Victoria Harbour (British Columbia)Victoria Harbour (British Columbia)
Plant operatorPlant operator
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Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey - SourceWatchTargeted National Sewage Sludge Survey - SourceWatch
Its Time to Talk (Again) about Sewage Sludge on FarmlandIt's Time to Talk (Again) about Sewage Sludge on Farmland
Victoria gets funding for sewage treatment plantVictoria gets funding for sewage treatment plant
Sewage Treatment Plant Manufacturers, Suppliers, ExportersSewage Treatment Plant Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters
Energy efficient sewage plantsEnergy efficient sewage plants
Sewage sludge - WikipediaSewage sludge - Wikipedia
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Sewage Tested for Signs of CocaineSewage Tested for Signs of Cocaine
Sewage - WikipediaSewage - Wikipedia
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Sewage Causes Beach Closures - latimesSewage Causes Beach Closures - latimes
Sewage Treatment Plants - Scientific AmericanSewage Treatment Plants - Scientific American
Sewage and Sewerage - Scientific AmericanSewage and Sewerage - Scientific American
Whats In Your Sewage? | ScienceBlogsWhat's In Your Sewage? | ScienceBlogs
Sewage sludge - SourceWatchSewage sludge - SourceWatch
Malibu approves sewage treatment plant - LA TimesMalibu approves sewage treatment plant - LA Times
Diffuser (sewage) - WikipediaDiffuser (sewage) - Wikipedia
Sewage Eating Poo-Gloos Clean WastewaterSewage Eating 'Poo-Gloos' Clean Wastewater
MessageLabs: Filtering your email sewage | ZDNetMessageLabs: Filtering your email sewage | ZDNet
Drug-testing cities through their sewage.Drug-testing cities through their sewage.
Sewage water logging - Times of IndiaSewage water logging - Times of India
The Treatment of Sewage | The BMJThe Treatment of Sewage | The BMJ
Sewage Seeps into Colorado Lagoon - RedorbitSewage Seeps into Colorado Lagoon - Redorbit
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Sewage SludgeSewage Sludge
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A Sewage Smell in a Basement | eHowA Sewage Smell in a Basement | eHow
Testing Sewage to Gauge Spread of CoronavirusTesting Sewage to Gauge Spread of Coronavirus
Tamiflu survives sewage treatment | EurekAlert! Science NewsTamiflu survives sewage treatment | EurekAlert! Science News
Pipe Bursts, Spilling Sewage Into Creek - latimesPipe Bursts, Spilling Sewage Into Creek - latimes
Sewage Pollution: A Case Study- Learn ChemistrySewage Pollution: A Case Study- Learn Chemistry
SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED OYSTERS AND MUSSELS | The BMJSEWAGE-CONTAMINATED OYSTERS AND MUSSELS | The BMJ
Report Highlights Ontario Sewage Woes; Green SolutionsReport Highlights Ontario Sewage Woes; Green Solutions
Sewage in Rio de Janeiro - Chicago TribuneSewage in Rio de Janeiro - Chicago Tribune
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SewageWater MicrobiologyWaste Disposal, FluidSanitary EngineeringWater PollutionWater PurificationEnterovirusRefuse DisposalFresh WaterPoliovirusEnvironmental MonitoringWater Pollutants, ChemicalBiodegradation, EnvironmentalRiversFertilizersFecesWater PollutantsBacteriaFiltrationWaste ManagementIndustrial WasteEnterobacteriaceaeNorth CarolinaArctic RegionsOceans and SeasEquipment SafetyDevice ApprovalWaterRoboticsBathing BeachesFirefightersTosylarginine Methyl EsterFiresRescue WorkCaliforniaCopyrightAttitude to ComputersAuthorshipIntellectual PropertyAccess to InformationWaste WaterBiofilmsDermatologyHuman CharacteristicsFolkloreSubstance Abuse DetectionEnzyme Multiplied Immunoassay TechniqueGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryElectronic MailFood Dispensers, AutomaticEditorial PoliciesPeriodicals as TopicPostal ServiceInternet
PlantsBacteriaSolidsFabricating sewage treatPumpPlantPumpsUrban SewageSewerSoilProcessesPollutantsCompostFound in sewageSystemBillion litresMunicipal wastewater treatmentToxicHazardousGenesOverflowsGallons of untreated sewageAllowed untreated sewageUpgrading sewage-treatment2017Millions of gallonsSpillCity's sewage sludgeAmount of sewage sludgePlantsFlood of raw sewageTreatment plantFertilizerWaterStormwaterDispose of sewageEnergy from sewageDischarge of sewage2016SpillsInfrastructureDischargesFlowsIndustrial wastewaterSludge treatmentDisposal SystemDomestic sewageCoronavirus300,000 gallonsGazaOrganicMunicipalEnvironmental ProtecPartially treatedDrainOutfallEffluentSewerageSystemsPumpMainPollutionSmellSanitaryNitrogenWasteRunoffWater'sToiletOfficialsProcessesLitresWorld's
Plants16
Bacteria3
Solids2
Fabricating sewage treat1
Pump9
Plant12
Pumps1
Urban Sewage2
  • Urban sewage is potentially a major conduit for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes into various environmental compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, seasonal and geographical distributions of antibiotic resistance genes and their host bacterial communities from Chinese urban sewage were characterized, using metagenomic analyses and 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Sewer3
  • This week's heavy rainfall so overwhelmed London's sewer system it washed about 27 swimming pools' worth of sewage into the Thames River. (lfpress.com)
  • Sewage swept into Ontario waterways by overwhelmed sewer systems is a major problem, often flagged in environmental reports. (lfpress.com)
  • Our well-trained technicians can quickly remove sewer water, sewage and mud from both under and inside your property using state-of-the-art equipment. (floodrepairs.com.au)
Soil1
  • No matter how it is processed or how slick it is marketed as a fertilizer or soil amendment, putting sewage sludge on land is a health and environmental disaster. (organicconsumers.org)
Processes1
Pollutants1
Compost1
  • The remaining fractions of pre-composted materials can be successfully used for compost or fertiliser production, as the concentration of heavy metals in the analysed composition is reduced in comparison with sewage sludge. (osti.gov)
Found in sewage2
System5
  • 3. Using unique structure design and high efficient membrane packing , high removal efficiency,small occupy area ,area selection flexible, special suitable for old city building area reform sewage system to set up septic tank. (alibaba.com)
  • The results did not always follow prior expectations based on studies examining outbreaks and single systems, and underscore the importance of studying factors associated with endemic disease across water and sewage system types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A clogged drainage system is a result of many things right from natural disasters to any foreign body in the pathway of the sewage system. (dryshield.ca)
  • Most disasters will leave the city or state flooded and most of the times, it is the entire sewage system that gets affected. (dryshield.ca)
  • The entire area is cordoned off before they repair the sewage system. (dryshield.ca)
Billion litres1
  • His call for action, after major flooding in Toronto one year ago this week, led to the eventual disclosure the flood led to 1.2 billion litres of sewage bypass there. (lfpress.com)
Municipal wastewater treatment1
Toxic1
Hazardous1
Genes2
  • This study provides a baseline for investigating environmental dissemination of resistance elements and raises the possibility of using the abundance of resistance genes in sewage as a tool for antibiotic stewardship. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this respect, resistance genes detected in sewage might represent the resistance burden of their urban populations. (biomedcentral.com)
Overflows12
Gallons of untreated sewage2
  • About 200 gallons of untreated sewage spilled into the Arroyo Conejo, causing city officials to post warning signs Tuesday up to one mile downstream. (latimes.com)
  • COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) - Federal environmental regulators have cited the parent company of a South Carolina utility for spilling hundreds of thousands of gallons of untreated sewage. (washingtontimes.com)
Allowed untreated sewage1
Upgrading sewage-treatment1
20172
  • The project's roughly $40-million first phase, which is expected to be operating by June 2017, would provide sewage treatment for nearly 50 property owners, including the city itself. (latimes.com)
  • This March 16, 2017 photo shows the sewage pump room at the West Point Treatment Plant in Seattle. (yahoo.com)
Millions of gallons5
Spill10
  • A sewage spill caused the closure of Colorado Lagoon on Saturday morning. (redorbit.com)
  • City of Savannah crews responded to a minor sewage spill at East 65th and Abercorn streets on Monday. (savannahnow.com)
  • I don't know of any jurisdiction that has intentional released a big sewage spill,' he said. (latimes.com)
  • Cobb spokesman Ross Cavitt said the county has accepted responsibility for the spill, but can't be held liable for sewage incidents. (ajc.com)
  • The sewage spill is a potential black eye for a region that prides itself on its environmental consciousness. (yahoo.com)
  • Raw sewage from a Colorado prison complex has seeped into the Arkansas River and officials are still trying to determine the cause of the spill. (governing.com)
  • Durango has documented 42 sewage spills since 2005 for a total spill of about 317,000 gallons of sewage, or about half the volume of an Olympic-sized swimming pool. (durangoherald.com)
  • In addition to the sewage spills, there was a 3.25 million-gallon spill of potable water in January 2010. (durangoherald.com)
  • Because there are no meters to monitor the flow of sewage, the city does not know if there s a spill until somebody actually notices the leak. (durangoherald.com)
  • Stinky Pete 'I was jogging to work and eating my onion sandwich when I spotted a sewage spill. (dilbert.com)
City's sewage sludge2
Amount of sewage sludge2
Plants16
Flood of raw sewage2
  • A flood of raw sewage has closed a Cobb preschool, and the county water department is taking responsibility for the incident that left teachers without jobs and forced parents to find new child care. (ajc.com)
  • A flood of raw sewage that ran through a southeast Albuquerque neighborhood Wednesday morning was later was plugged by city crews. (koat.com)
Treatment plant19
  • Tube diffusers at a sewage treatment plant in Hungary. (wikipedia.org)
  • A southern Marin County sanitation district under federal orders to replace aging infrastructure will have spilled 300,000 gallons of bacteria-laden sewage into San Francisco Bay by noon today after a rupture in a sewage treatment plant pipeline. (sfgate.com)
  • The performance of Masterton's new sewage treatment plant, which is yet to be fully commissioned, came under fire at a Masterton District Council meeting this week with revelations almost all of the treated effluent in the past six months has been pumped into the Ruamahanga River. (nzherald.co.nz)
  • wastewater treatment plant where a wall collapse killed two workers and the partial repair ended a direct flow of sewage into a Great Smoky Mountains National Park river, officials said Thursday. (timesfreepress.com)
  • The Wärtsilä Super Trident sewage treatment plant is the cost-effective and safe answer to disposing of waste at sea, maintaining the quality of the world's oceans. (wartsila.com)
  • This tunnel with a length of over 4km will be used to transport sewage water collected from the houses in the area to the next treatment plant called Jagüel. (sika.com)
  • The sewage treatment plant - Washington state's largest - is only partially treating dirty water that goes down Seattle toilets and washes off roofs and roads before discharging it into Puget Sound. (yahoo.com)
  • Storm surges overwhelmed low-lying areas, knocked out power to most of Long Island and inundated the Bay Park Sewage Treatment Plant in East Rockaway , which serves about 40 percent of Nassau County customers. (newsday.com)
  • Shown are digestor tanks at the Bay Park Sewage Treatment Plant in East Rockaway. (newsday.com)
  • The Surry County Board of Supervisors Thursday narrowly approved a special permit that would allow a hotly debated sewage-treatment plant to be located behind the county's L.P. Jackson Middle School. (dailypress.com)
  • The city regularly dumped raw sewage into the river as late as 1958, when Durango s first wastewater-treatment plant opened. (durangoherald.com)
  • People in Inverness County, N.S., are once again raising a stink about a foul odour emanating from the local sewage treatment plant, but this time it's in a different location. (cbc.ca)
  • Claude Bourgeois, owner of The Doryman Pub and Grill, which is located just north of the Chéticamp sewage treatment plant, said he and other tourism operators along the half-kilometre stretch of Cabot Trail near the plant are hoping to get the issue fixed before the weather warms up and the smell and tourists return. (cbc.ca)
  • He said though the material flowing out of the outfall pipe is treated and the sewage treatment plant is functioning properly, the treated material can still have sewage odour, especially when the weather is warm. (cbc.ca)
  • Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh inaugurated eco-friendly sewage water treatment plant at the Water Technology Centre of the IARI here today. (sify.com)
  • The Water Technology Centre (WTC) of IARI, which is engaged primarily in efficient use of water resources in agriculture, has developed an eco-friendly sewage water treatment plant in the IARI Delhi premises. (sify.com)
  • The eco-friendly sewage treatment plant (e-STP) has 3-treatment cells (of 80 meter by 40 meter dimension each) and ensures complete gravity flow of the wastewater from the sewage wells to the treated water containing cell of the system. (sify.com)
  • The noteworthy feature of this facility is that the environmental stress is 33 times lesser than that of a conventional sewage treatment plant (STP) and output i.e. treated water is associated with significantly lower turbidity, BOD, Nitrate, Phosphate, Lead, Iron, Nickel and Sulphate. (sify.com)
  • BUFFALO GROVE - Despite opposition from nearby residents, the Lake County Zoning Board has unanimously recommended expansion of a sewage-treatment plant near Buffalo Grove. (chicagotribune.com)
Fertilizer4
  • As of 2004, about 60% of all sewage sludge was applied to land as a soil amendment and fertilizer for growing crops. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a study conducted in Florida from 1997 to 2000 and published in the November/December 2002 issue of Agronomy Journal, scientists from the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences compared the effects of different kinds of sewage sludge versus commonly used synthetic nitrogen fertilizer on the forage crop bahiagrass. (innovations-report.com)
  • No matter how it is processed or how slick it is marketed as a fertilizer or soil amendment, putting sewage sludge on land is a health and environmental disaster. (organicconsumers.org)
  • Two workers were injured Wednesday while repairing the inside of a sewage sludge dryer at the Milorganite fertilizer factory, Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District officials said. (jsonline.com)
Water33
  • Set up as a single-issue campaign group in 1990, Surfers Against Sewage led a nationwide campaign for improved water quality. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following is a list of diseases caused by sewage or sewage contaminated water that can occur in the United States. (in.gov)
  • Culex mosquitoes prefer to lay their eggs in heavily polluted water such as that contaminated by sewage. (in.gov)
  • After allowing for the difference between water from the Po and undiluted sewage, they said that the results were similar. (washingtonpost.com)
  • The wastewater from residences and institutions, carrying bodily wastes (primarily feces and urine), washing water, food preparation wastes, laundry wastes, and other waste products of normal living, are classed as domestic or sanitary sewage. (wikipedia.org)
  • While most of sewage systems do a great job of making the water look clean and getting rid of bacteria and viruses, they often aren't designed to remove synthetic chemicals. With so many of us dependent on daily doses of pharmaceuticals, we're excreting lots of drugs (or their metabolites), and they're sticking around in treated wastewater. (scienceblogs.com)
  • There is now a SourceWatch Portal on Toxic Sludge The sewage sludge industry promotes its product through front groups and stakeholders including Water Environment Federation , US Composting Council , BioCycle magazine, and others. (sourcewatch.org)
  • The water is 'cleaned' in the degree to which the pollutants which had turned the water into sewage are removed by treatment-primary, secondary, or tertiary-and concentrated in the sludge. (sourcewatch.org)
  • We must note that, though the aim of sewage treatment is to produce clean water, it is never to produce 'clean' sludge. (sourcewatch.org)
  • For the last 20 days, The main road of 12th Cross in Renga Nagar in Srirangam remains unchanged with sewage water flowing on the road. (indiatimes.com)
  • According to the Water Department a sewage line near Eighth Street and Pacific Coast Highway overflowed into the street and eventually reached the storm system. (redorbit.com)
  • These ducks often forage for food in water near sewage outlets. (eurekalert.org)
  • Citation: Fick J, Lindberg RH, Tysklind M, Haemig PD, Waldenstro¨m J, et al (2007) Antiviral Oseltamivir Is not Removed or Degraded in Normal Sewage Water Treatment: Implications for Development of Resistance by Influenza A Virus. (eurekalert.org)
  • Dr. Luiz Joao Abrahao, who heads Rio's gastroenterologists' association, said that Rio's sewage problem has resulted in endemic levels of water-borne illnesses across his city. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Activated-sludge method , sewage-treatment process in which sludge , the accumulated, bacteria-rich deposits of settling tanks and basins, is seeded into incoming waste water and the mixture agitated for several hours in the presence of an ample air supply. (britannica.com)
  • He said the water system determined the sewage overflow was the result of a clog of grease and other debris "not caused by any deficiency in our system. (ajc.com)
  • Sewage spills have become a chronic problem in Marin County, where much of the water infrastructure is three decades old or more, and in some cases, made of brittle, orange clay instead of modern materials such as plastic and rubber. (sfgate.com)
  • Environmental groups have sued cities and sanitation agencies around the Bay Area for sewage spills they say violate the Clean Water Act. (sfgate.com)
  • Vessel-based sewage discharge delivers increased nutrients and pathogens into the water column. (gbrmpa.gov.au)
  • Landowners and speculators subdivided land (including swampy and tidal areas) into lots, which often had poor access, no safe and sufficient water supply, and no hygienic disposal of waste water and sewage, either on site or through drainpipes. (teara.govt.nz)
  • The machine uses excess engine heat to break down sewage from boats, buses, recreational vehicles, trains and airplanes and convert that fluid into clean water vapor. (businessinsider.com)
  • Untreated sewage and storm water can be harmful to people and aquatic life because they release chemicals and disease-causing germs. (yahoo.com)
  • A layer of toilet paper combined with raw sewage and salt water from the tidal surge during superstorm Sandy flooded their homes and coated the neighborhood. (newsday.com)
  • Jeffrey Press, his wife and daughter evacuated their home before Sandy and returned to find sewage sludge, fuel and water in the 1,200-square-foot Cape-style house on Barnes Avenue. (newsday.com)
  • Sewage treatment required by the state eliminates viruses, including COVID-19, according to the California Water Boards . (mercurynews.com)
  • Israel's armed forces have destroyed vital water and sewage infrastructure in their bombing campaign of the besieged territory, writes Mohammed Omer. (theecologist.org)
  • You could argue that clean water and sewage disposal is one of the more important (things local government does), (that) public health trumps public safety, White said. (durangoherald.com)
  • An agreement between two or more municipalities sharing a water drainage basin, which provides for cooperation and apportioning responsibility for conveyance and treatment of sewage in the water drainage basin. (ecode360.com)
  • 577/75, it is the duty of the owner or occupier of every building to ensure that domestic sewage emanating from the building does not reach the surface of land or discharge into a surface body of fresh water. (bclaws.ca)
  • CARACAS (Reuters) - As Venezuela's five-day power blackout left homes without water, Lilibeth Tejedor found herself looking for it on Monday in the last place she would have imagined - a drain pipe feeding into a river carrying sewage through the capital, Caracas. (reuters.com)
  • GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip - Relief groups are calling on Israel to ease its blockade of the Gaza Strip so that spare parts and materials can be brought in to repair the territory's sewage and water networks. (foxnews.com)
  • There was some confusion about my water purification prototype, and our CEO drank eight ounces of untreated sewage. (dilbert.com)
  • Dilbert: I invented a filter that can turn raw sewage into pure drinking water in seconds. (dilbert.com)
Stormwater1
  • Current approaches to sewage management may include handling surface runoff separately from sewage, handling greywater separately from blackwater (flush toilets), and coping better with abnormal events (such as peaks stormwater volumes from extreme weather). (wikipedia.org)
Dispose of sewage1
  • The end result of ENERCOM was to be a new, safe, environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of sewage sludge while maximising energy output and reducing greenhouse gases. (europa.eu)
Energy from sewage1
  • Extracting energy from sewage may not be the most glamorous job in scientific research, but it could turn out to be a potentially transformative one. (yahoo.com)
Discharge of sewage1
20161
  • 2016 Global Environment Sewage Monitoring System Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world's major regional market conditions of the Environment Sewage Monitoring System industry, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and the main countries (United States, Germany, Japan and China). (mynewsdesk.com)
Spills4
  • Glassman said stiffer penalties and more publicity of sewage spills seemed only fair when the state is cracking down on septic systems and tightening regulations of farmers. (latimes.com)
  • She and Leslie Knapp of the counties group contended that the state already is plenty aggressive about fining local governments for sewage spills. (latimes.com)
  • According to a fiscal note prepared by the Department of Legislative Services, MDE has become more aggressive since 2009 in fining local governments for sewage spills. (latimes.com)
  • In general, sewage spills happen when heavy rains flow into broken pipelines. (sfgate.com)
Infrastructure2
Discharges2
Flows1
  • Whenever a lot is used for a multiple-family dwelling or for commercial, institutional or industrial purposes, the lot shall be deemed to have been subdivided into an equivalent number of single-family residential lots as determined by estimated sewage flows. (ecode360.com)
Industrial wastewater1
  • An air diffuser or membrane diffuser is an aeration device typically in the shape of a disc, tube or plate, which is used to transfer air and with that oxygen into sewage or industrial wastewater. (wikipedia.org)
Sludge treatment1
Disposal System2
Domestic sewage1
  • "treatment capacity" means the quantity of domestic sewage in litres that can be satisfactorily processed in 24 hours on a sustained basis with due consideration given to the interval during which the sewage is generated. (bclaws.ca)
Coronavirus3
  • Now, researchers in places as far-flung as Montana, Paris, and the Netherlands are using a proxy: measuring levels of the coronavirus in untreated sewage to see how much the infection is circulating among people. (medscape.com)
  • How Sewage Could Reveal True Nature of Coronavirus Outbreak. (medscape.com)
  • Engineers at the Los Angeles County Sanitation District have devised a unique way to measure community spread of the novel coronavirus by testing sewage. (mercurynews.com)
300,000 gallons1
Gaza1
Organic3
  • The organic matter of sewage is measured by determining its biological oxygen demand (BOD) or the chemical oxygen demand (COD). (wikipedia.org)
  • Sewage and other sludge materials contain many nutrients that have been captured from a waste stream, as well as organic matter that would increase soil tilth. (mofga.org)
  • To put this all in perspective, using Meerburg's system, roughly 55 percent of the organic matter can be recovered from sewage, compared to 20 to 30 percent using current methods. (yahoo.com)
Municipal4
Environmental Protec1
  • In 2002, the National Research Council found that the " U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's standards that govern using treated sewage sludge on soil are based on outdated science. (sourcewatch.org)
Partially treated1
Drain1
  • The inland beaches -- in the Alamitos Bay and Marine Stadium areas near the mouth of the San Gabriel River -- may have been contaminated when about 2,500 gallons of sewage seeped through a manhole cover onto a residential street and then into a storm drain leading to the Los Cerritos channel, Rodriguez said. (latimes.com)
Outfall1
  • Tests will be carried out on the City of Cape Town's marine sewage outfall sites, as part of an investigation of the City's permit application for the pipes. (news24.com)
Effluent1
Sewerage1
  • In general American English usage, the terms "sewage" and "sewerage" mean the same thing. (wikipedia.org)
Systems8
  • Designed by Kraig Johnson of Wastewater Compliance Systems , the six-foot-wide, five-foot-tall structures are lined with bacterial biofilm that cleans raw sewage. (inhabitat.com)
  • Scientists are drug-testing whole cities through their sewage systems. (slate.com)
  • FOUR TAMPA BAY area cities could be required to spend millions of dollars to upgrade sewage treatment systems under legislation passed Thursday by the Senate. (orlandosentinel.com)
  • DER officials say many sewage systems in the Tampa Bay area are able to meet the advanced requirements, but Dunedin, Tarpon Springs, Clearwater and Bradenton probably would have to upgrade to meet them. (orlandosentinel.com)
  • But if you have 50,000 people in a community, you may be able to determine the prevalence by testing the wastewater," said Sunny Jiang, a microbiologist leading a pilot project at UC Irvine to identify COVID-19 in sewage systems. (mercurynews.com)
  • The following Environmental Fees set by the Louisville Metro Board of Health for the installation and maintenance of on-site sewage systems will be effective: October 1, 2000. (louisvilleky.gov)
  • Onsite Regulation - Click here for Kentucky requirements for onsite sewage systems. (louisvilleky.gov)
  • The purpose of this chapter is to encourage owners, operators and users of sewage disposal systems to institute pollution prevention programs and practice pollution prevention to the extent possible. (ecode360.com)
Pump3
  • Tubes within each device pump air bubbles throughout to keep the bacteria alive and circulate sewage. (inhabitat.com)
  • ANDRITZ dry installed sewage pump from the VP series is a particularly economic option for difficult media. (andritz.com)
  • ANDRITZ dry installed sewage pump from the CP series is characterized by an exceptionally large cross section and open channel in the spiral casing. (andritz.com)
Main1
  • One of the main and most persistent problems that occur in sewage pumping installations is the presence of solids. (environmental-expert.com)
Pollution5
Smell2
  • Linda Peters, who lives near the plant, said she runs in the area twice a week and can still smell the sewage. (yahoo.com)
  • Richard Barone, left, and his neighbor Mike Beharovic, right, try to avoid the smell of sewage inside of Barone's Barnes Avenue home in Baldwin. (newsday.com)
Sanitary1
Nitrogen1
Waste8
  • Every waste produced in our society that can be got rid of down toilets and drains and that can also be got out of the sewage by a given treatment process will be in the sludge. (sourcewatch.org)
  • The permit was as a result of a shift in national government regulation rather than changes to the City's waste management, Sonnenberg has explained ("Sewage nothing new", People's Post, 16 June). (news24.com)
  • The purpose of this €5.2 million project, with funding from the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), was to develop a process in which multiple energy products would be created from sewage sludge and green waste. (europa.eu)
  • It used to be you could sit outside and chat with your neighbors,'' said Teresa Torres, who has lived 28 years in the neighborhood, now a hub of waste transfer stations and sewage treatment. (nytimes.com)
  • The objective was to use waste energy to eliminate sewage. (businessinsider.com)
  • He says the sewage is usually extremely dilute, and while it still has all the organisms of regular sewage, it's diluted as far as its waste strength. (radioiowa.com)
  • Sewage sludge has the potential to boost production for certain crops while addressing the increase in the amount of waste and the growing scarcity of landfills, according to scientists at the University of Florida. (innovations-report.com)
  • Sewage sludge is a dangerous solid waste product that is spread on farm fields - and CELDF has assisted the first communities in the U.S. to ban it. (celdf.org)
Runoff1
Water's1
  • As two children began stomping in the sewage, a woman warned them: "That water's dirty! (reuters.com)
Toilet3
  • Kompany Kids at 296 Interstate North Circle near Smyrna has been closed since Nov. 27 after a "massive amount of sewage came up through every single toilet and flooded our entire school," said Robert Johnson, vice president with the company. (ajc.com)
  • Laurie Snyder shared these phgotos of sewage that came in through her first-floor toilet, flooded that bathroom, the hallway, the kitchen, even bubbled up into her kitchen sink. (wral.com)
  • Any vehicle that's equipped with a toilet or sink has a sewage holding tank. (businessinsider.com)
Officials2
  • It also is premature, officials said, to conclude that levels of metabolized cocaine in sewage offer a more accurate index of consumption than traditional survey research. (washingtonpost.com)
  • Officials have said the plant typically treats about 2 million gallons of wastewater daily and sewage was sent straight into the river for about 34 hours while the plant was shut down. (timesfreepress.com)
Processes1
Litres1
  • TORONTO - An investigative report was released today by Ecojustice (formerly Sierra Legal Defence Fund) that highlights innovative green solutions that could stop billions of litres of raw sewage from fouling the Great Lakes each year. (commondreams.org)
World's1
Authorities investigating fetus found at Thousand Oaks' sewage treatment plant
Authorities investigating fetus found at Thousand Oaks' sewage treatment plant (vcstar.com)
Wildlife devastated after Margate sewage spill | Daily News
Wildlife devastated after Margate sewage spill | Daily News (iol.co.za)
What is Sewage Treatment? (with pictures)
What is Sewage Treatment? (with pictures) (wisegeek.com)
Franklin leaders wait on expansion plans for sewage plant
Franklin leaders wait on expansion plans for sewage plant (tennessean.com)
Tests on sewage water exposes cities on cocaine, cannabis, other drugs - CNN
Tests on sewage water exposes cities on cocaine, cannabis, other drugs - CNN (cnn.com)
It's time Memphis flushed sewage pact with Mississippi suburbs
It's time Memphis flushed sewage pact with Mississippi suburbs (commercialappeal.com)
Sewage spill in Oxnard prompts beach warning
Sewage spill in Oxnard prompts beach warning (vcstar.com)
Downtown tunnels finally ready to keep sewage out of river
Downtown tunnels finally ready to keep sewage out of river (ca.news.yahoo.com)
Crooked Sky Farm in Phoenix may be relocated due to new sewage plant
Crooked Sky Farm in Phoenix may be relocated due to new sewage plant (azcentral.com)
Nelson: Something stinks and it's not just the sewage | Calgary Herald
Nelson: Something stinks and it's not just the sewage | Calgary Herald (calgaryherald.com)
Lagoon sewage, big baby and Brevard theater top the FLORIDA TODAY Show
Lagoon sewage, big baby and Brevard theater top the FLORIDA TODAY Show (floridatoday.com)
Warning issued: Stay out of Pearl River, Jackson creeks; sewage cited
Warning issued: Stay out of Pearl River, Jackson creeks; sewage cited (clarionledger.com)
An RV is now impounded after releasing raw sewage on Sylvester Street | KEPR
An RV is now impounded after releasing raw sewage on Sylvester Street | KEPR (keprtv.com)
Sewage overflow a serious problem on Hilton Head, possibly Port Royal post-Hurricane Matthew | Island Packet
Sewage overflow a serious problem on Hilton Head, possibly Port Royal post-Hurricane Matthew | Island Packet (islandpacket.com)
Hurricane Irma exposes a major sewage issue in a 40-year-old line near the neighborhood of Lakeside South, which has had to...
Hurricane Irma exposes a major sewage issue in a 40-year-old line near the neighborhood of Lakeside South, which has had to... (bradenton.com)
Underground Sewage and Drainage PVC Pipes from Huws Gray
Underground Sewage and Drainage PVC Pipes from Huws Gray (huwsgray.co.uk)
Wastewater Sewage Treatment Contact | Headworks International
Wastewater Sewage Treatment Contact | Headworks International (headworksinternational.com)
Mud microbes power turtle-tracking sensors | New Scientist
Mud microbes power turtle-tracking sensors | New Scientist (newscientist.com)
Sewage sludge - Wikipedia
Sewage sludge - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Corals join frogs and toads as world's most endangered | New Scientist
Corals join frogs and toads as world's most endangered | New Scientist (newscientist.com)
Surfers Against Sewage - Wikipedia
Surfers Against Sewage - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Majuro - Wikipedia
Majuro - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Prevention of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization...
Prevention of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization... (cdc.gov)
Organic fertilizer - Wikipedia
Organic fertilizer - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Sewage sludge | Expert Bits
Sewage sludge | Expert Bits (expertbits.com)
June 16, 1883 - Scientific American
June 16, 1883 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
July 16, 1887 - Scientific American
July 16, 1887 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
October 17, 1953 | Science News
October 17, 1953 | Science News (sciencenews.org)
Electricity - MIT Technology Review
Electricity - MIT Technology Review (technologyreview.com)
September 25, 1880 - Scientific American
September 25, 1880 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
December 18, 1886 - Scientific American
December 18, 1886 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
November 1995 - Scientific American
November 1995 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
Nitrification-denitrification | sanitation engineering | Britannica.com
Nitrification-denitrification | sanitation engineering | Britannica.com (britannica.com)