Serum bactericidal test. Medical search

Method of measuring the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy. It is used to monitor the therapy in BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS and other serious bacterial infections. As commonly performed, the test is a variation of the broth dilution test. This test needs to be distinguished from testing of the naturally occurring BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

The clear portion of BLOOD that is left after BLOOD COAGULATION to remove BLOOD CELLS and clotting proteins.

A mitosporic fungal genus including one species which forms a toxin in moldy hay that may cause a serious illness in horses.

A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. Teleomorphs include Mycosphaerella and Venturia.

Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one species which produces a highly phytotoxic antibiotic. Its teleomorph is Lewia.

Usually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

The in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. (1/129)

The in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a novel ketolide, was investigated in comparison with those of erythromycin A, roxithromycin, clarithromycin (14-membered ring macrolides), amoxycillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin against 719 recent clinical Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic isolates and type cultures. HMR 3647 generally demonstrated greater activity than the other compounds with MIC90s of < or =0.5 mg/L, except for Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC90 > 128 mg/L), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90 = 2 mg/L), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC90 = 2 mg/L), Enterococcus faecium (MIC90 = 1 mg/L) and the anaerobes, Bacteroides fragilis (MIC90 = 2 mg/L) and Clostridium difficile (MIC90 = 1 mg/L). In general, an increase in the size of the inoculum from 10(4) to 10(6) cfu on selected strains had little effect on the MICs of HMR 3647. Additionally, the in-vitro activity of HMR 3647 was not affected by the presence of either 20 or 70% (v/v) human serum. The antichlamydial activity of HMR 3647 was generally greater than that of commonly used antichlamydial antimicrobials. (+info)

Bactericidal properties of moxifloxacin and post-antibiotic effect. (2/129)

The time-kill kinetics and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of moxifloxacin were studied for strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Moxifloxacin had a bactericidal effect against all strains tested, with the least rapid bactericidal effect being against S. pyogenes and the most rapid effect against S. aureus and E. coli. The PAE of moxifloxacin was similar to that of other fluoroquinolones and increased with increasing concentration. No association was found between the bactericidal effect of moxifloxacin and the duration of PAE. Gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were also exposed to concentrations of moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and amoxycillin that simulated the drug concentrations obtained in human serum after standard oral dosing schedules. Simulation of moxifloxacin concentrations in human serum reduced viable counts more effectively and more rapidly than shown in time-kill experiments; in contrast, sparfloxacin and amoxycillin were less effective than when constant concentrations of these antibacterials were used. (+info)

Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. (3/129)

Fluctuating concentrations of three fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and ofloxacin) and a beta-lactam (amoxycillin) were used in vitro to simulate antibiotic concentrations in human serum after oral doses of antibiotics. The antibiotics were tested against Staphylococcus aureus 12241 and Streptococcus pneumoniae 4241. Moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin were also tested against Escherichia coli Neumann. Human serum concentrations of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also simulated in an in-vivo murine thigh muscle model against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and E. coli. Ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and ofloxacin had a dose-independent effect on gram-positive organisms beyond their optimal dose that gave a maximum effect, as did amoxycillin. In contrast, moxifloxacin had a dose-dependent and therefore concentration-dependent effect on both gram-positive and beta-lactam-susceptible and-resistant gram-negative organisms. The marked activity of moxifloxacin against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was confirmed in an in-vivo model. A human dose equivalent of 200 mg moxifloxacin reduced viable counts of S. pneumoniae below the limit of detection and regrowth did not occur. S. aureus was eliminated almost as effectively as S. pneumoniae. A 200 mg dose of moxifloxacin completely eliminated the original inoculum of E. coli within 6 h. Treatment of S. aureus with ciprofloxacin (250 or 500 mg) resulted in a dose-independent decrease in viable counts by approximately 3.5 log10 cfu/mL. A 125 mg dose of ciprofloxacin almost completely eliminated the original inoculum of E. coli within 8 h, whereas both the 250 mg and 500 mg doses reduced viable counts below the limit of detection. Thus, the in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacodynamic models used in this study established that moxifloxacin was highly effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. (+info)

Serum bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. (4/129)

The objective of this study was to determine the serum bactericidal activity (SBA) of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various degrees of susceptibility to penicillin and cefotaxime. Serum samples of volunteers (n = 12) who had received levofloxacin 500 mg as a single po dose were provided in blinded fashion. SBA was determined, using the microdilution method, in Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with lysed horse blood inoculated with an overnight culture diluted to yield a final concentration of approximately 10(5) cfu/mL. The serum bactericidal titre was defined as the highest dilution of serum showing no growth (> 99.9% reduction of inoculum). The duration of SBA ranged from 0.75 to 6.3 h (mean 3.85 h), and was independent of the susceptibility of the strains to penicillin and cefotaxime. In conclusion, a single po dose of 500 mg levofloxacin achieved serum concentrations which were bactericidal against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae for a mean period of 3.85 h. (+info)

Levofloxacin: serum bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. (5/129)

The aim of this study was to assess the serum bactericidal activity (SBA) of levofloxacin compared with that of ofloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Serum from 10 healthy volunteers (seven females, three males) was collected after a single oral dose of either levofloxacin (500 mg) or ofloxacin (400 mg). Subjects were allocated randomly to treatment after at least a 1 week interval between antibiotic regimens. Three well-defined MRSA strains were tested, each susceptible to levofloxacin and ofloxacin, with different levels of resistance to methicillin (HBD 456, HBD 3 and HBD 2; class 1, 2 and 3 Tomasz heterogeneous resistance, respectively) together with a methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) reference strain (S. aureus ATCC 25,923). SBA was tested in vitro by a microtitration method 15 min before dosing and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 h after drug absorption. Levofloxacin was significantly more bactericidal than ofloxacin against all strains of S. aureus tested (SBA > or = 1:2). An SBA was recorded for only a short period with ofloxacin, and thereafter only bacteriostatic activity remained. This study, therefore, confirms the superior activity of levofloxacin over that of ofloxacin against MSSA and MRSA. (+info)

Bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in-vitro model simulating serum pharmacokinetic parameters. (6/129)

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae at concentrations equivalent to those present in serum after a po dosage of 500 mg. Nine S. pneumoniae strains (one penicillin G-resistant, one penicillin G-intermediate resistant, and two penicillin G- and cefotaxime-resistant) were exposed to a levofloxacin concentration of 6 mg/L diluted at a terminal half-life (t1/2) of 8 h. Surviving S. pneumoniae (cfu/mL) were quantified up to 24 h by the membrane filtration method. Levofloxacin was rapidly bactericidal and reduced the quantity of inoculum to below the detection level of 10 cfu/mL within 2.5-5.15 h, irrespective of susceptibility to penicillin G or cefotaxime. No viable S. pneumoniae could be detected at the end of the observation period (24 h). All strains except one (strain 17134) had an MIC < 1.0 mg/L, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were, at the most, one dilution higher than the respective MICs. The inoculum was high, ranging from 2.9 x 10(5) to 7.5 x 10(6) cfu/mL. The time required to achieve 99% death ranged from 0.9 to 3.1 h, and was longest for strain 17134 which had an MIC of 1.0 mg/L and an MBC of 2.0 mg/L. A 99.9% reduction in inoculum was achieved within 1.5-4.15 h. At a serum concentration achievable after a single po dosage of 500 mg, levofloxacin showed rapid and complete bactericidal activity against the S. pneumoniae strains tested. (+info)

Serum bactericidal and inhibitory titres in the management of melioidosis. (7/129)

A retrospective evaluation of the relationship between serum bactericidal and inhibitory titres and treatment outcome in 195 adult Thai patients with severe melioidosis was conducted. Drug regimens included ceftazidime (52% of patients), co-amoxiclav (24%), imipenem (11%) or the conventional four-drug combination (11%). Pre- and 1 h post-dose serum samples were collected after 48-72 h of therapy, and serum inhibitory and bactericidal titrations determined. Median post-dose titres were: bactericidal 1:8 (range 0-1:128) and inhibitory 1:16 (range 0-1:128). Overall mortality was 26% and outcome was not influenced by either inhibitory or bactericidal titres. Pre-dose titres correlated with renal function; renal function was the most important predictor of mortality. Determination of serum inhibitory or bactericidal titres is unhelpful in the management of severe melioidosis. (+info)

Comparison of the abilities of grepafloxacin and clarithromycin to eradicate potential bacterial pathogens from the sputa of patients with chronic bronchitis: influence of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables. (8/129)

A randomized open-label study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of grepafloxacin with those of clarithromycin in patients with chronic bronchitis whose sputa were colonized with potential bacterial pathogens. Patients received oral grepafloxacin 400 mg od for 10 days (n = 15) or oral clarithromycin 500 mg bd for 10 days (n = 10). Sputum samples were collected before the first dose, 1, 4 and 8 h after a dose on day 1 and then before a dose on days 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 to determine the time to eradication (T(erad)) of the potential bacterial pathogens. Blood samples for measurement of grepafloxacin or clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin concentrations were obtained before a dose and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h after doses on days 1 and 5. The area under the inhibitory serum concentration-time curve over 24 h (AUIC(24)), peak serum concentration:MIC ratio (C(max):MIC) and the percentage of the dosing interval during which the serum concentration exceeded the MIC (%tau >MIC) were calculated and serum inhibitory titres (SITs) were determined. Haemophilus spp. were the predominant potential bacterial pathogens and were recovered from the sputa of 24 patients. Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from two patients in the grepafloxacin group and a strain of Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from one patient in the clarithromycin group. Haemophilus spp. isolates were eradicated from the sputa of 13 of 14 (93%) patients given grepafloxacin, but from only two of 10 (20%) patients given clarithromycin (P < 0.05). In the other eight (80%) patients who received clarithromycin, the sputum cultures remained positive throughout the 10 day course. Grepafloxacin eliminated potential bacterial pathogens more quickly than clarithromycin (median T(erad) 4 h versus 76 h). The S. pneumoniae strains were eradicated by grepafloxacin within 4 h and the single M. catarrhalis strain was eradicated by clarithromycin within 1 h. The greater efficacy of grepafloxacin, compared with that of clarithromycin, in terms of the incidence and speed of eradication of the Haemophilus spp. isolates, was associated with higher median values of AUIC(24) (169 SIT(-1)*h versus 8.1 SIT(-1)*h), C(max):MIC ratio (23.6 versus 0.7) and %tau >MIC (100% versus 0%). A Hill-type model adequately described the relationship between the percentage probability of eradicating potential bacterial pathogens from sputa and the plasma grepafloxacin concentration. (+info)

A Serum Bactericidal Test (SBT) is a laboratory test used to determine the ability of a patient's serum to kill specific bacteria. The test measures the concentration of complement and antibodies in the serum that can contribute to bacterial killing. In this test, a standardized quantity of bacteria is mixed with serial dilutions of the patient's serum and incubated for a set period. After incubation, the mixture is plated on agar media, and the number of surviving bacteria is counted after a suitable incubation period. The bactericidal titer is defined as the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum that kills 99.9% of the initial inoculum.

The SBT is often used to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic therapy, assess immune function, and diagnose infections caused by bacteria with reduced susceptibility to complement-mediated killing. The test can also be used to monitor the response to immunotherapy or vaccination and to identify patients at risk for recurrent infections due to impaired serum bactericidal activity.

It is important to note that the SBT has some limitations, including its variability between laboratories, the need for specialized equipment and expertise, and the potential for false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, the test should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory data.

Blood bactericidal activity refers to the ability of an individual's blood to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. This is an important aspect of the body's immune system, as it helps to prevent infection and maintain overall health. The bactericidal activity of blood can be influenced by various factors, including the presence of antibodies, white blood cells (such as neutrophils), and complement proteins.

In medical terms, the term "bactericidal" specifically refers to an agent or substance that is capable of killing bacteria. Therefore, when we talk about blood bactericidal activity, we are referring to the collective ability of various components in the blood to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. This is often measured in laboratory tests as a way to assess a person's immune function and their susceptibility to infection.

It's worth noting that not all substances in the blood are bactericidal; some may simply inhibit the growth of bacteria without killing them. These substances are referred to as bacteriostatic. Both bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents play important roles in maintaining the body's defense against infection.

Streptococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, spherical bacteria that typically form pairs or chains when clustered together. These bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. They are non-motile and do not produce spores.

Streptococcus species are commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Some strains are part of the normal flora of the body, while others can cause a variety of infections, ranging from mild skin infections to severe and life-threatening diseases such as sepsis, meningitis, and toxic shock syndrome.

The pathogenicity of Streptococcus species depends on various virulence factors, including the production of enzymes and toxins that damage tissues and evade the host's immune response. One of the most well-known Streptococcus species is Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A streptococcus (GAS), which is responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, including pharyngitis (strep throat), impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and rheumatic fever.

It's important to note that the classification of Streptococcus species has evolved over time, with many former members now classified as different genera within the family Streptococcaceae. The current classification system is based on a combination of phenotypic characteristics (such as hemolysis patterns and sugar fermentation) and genotypic methods (such as 16S rRNA sequencing and multilocus sequence typing).

Serum, in the context of clinical and medical laboratory science, refers to the fluid that is obtained after blood coagulation. It is the yellowish, straw-colored liquid fraction of whole blood that remains after the clotting factors have been removed. Serum contains various proteins, electrolytes, hormones, antibodies, antigens, and other substances, which can be analyzed to help diagnose and monitor a wide range of medical conditions. It is commonly used for various clinical tests such as chemistry panels, immunological assays, drug screening, and infectious disease testing.

Stachybotrys is a genus of filamentous fungi (molds) that are known to produce potent mycotoxins, which can be harmful to humans and animals. The most well-known species is Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly referred to as "black mold" or "toxic black mold." This mold typically grows on materials with high cellulose content and a low nitrogen content, such as paper, straw, hay, wet drywall, and ceiling tiles. Exposure to the mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys can cause various health issues, including respiratory symptoms, allergic reactions, and immune system responses. It is essential to address water damage and mold growth promptly to prevent the spread of Stachybotrys and other molds in indoor environments.

Trichophyton is a genus of fungi that are primarily responsible for causing various superficial and cutaneous infections in humans and animals. These infections, known as dermatophytoses or ringworm, typically involve the skin, hair, and nails. Some common examples of diseases caused by Trichophyton species include athlete's foot (T. rubrum), jock itch (T. mentagrophytes), and scalp ringworm (T. tonsurans).

The fungi in the Trichophyton genus are called keratinophilic, meaning they have a preference for keratin, a protein found in high concentrations in skin, hair, and nails. This characteristic allows them to thrive in these environments and cause infection. The specific species of Trichophyton involved in an infection will determine the clinical presentation and severity of the disease.

In summary, Trichophyton is a medical term referring to a group of fungi that can cause various skin, hair, and nail infections in humans and animals.

'Cladosporium' is a genus of fungi that are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil, decaying plant material, and indoor air. These fungi are known for their dark-pigmented spores, which can be found in various shapes and sizes depending on the species. They are important causes of allergies and respiratory symptoms in humans, as well as plant diseases. Some species of Cladosporium can also produce toxins that may cause health problems in susceptible individuals. It is important to note that medical definitions typically refer to specific diseases or conditions that affect human health, so 'Cladosporium' itself would not be considered a medical definition.

Tinea is a common fungal infection of the skin, also known as ringworm. It's called ringworm because of its characteristic red, circular, and often scaly rash with raised edges that can resemble a worm's shape. However, it has nothing to do with any kind of actual worm.

The fungi responsible for tinea infections belong to the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton. These fungi thrive in warm, damp environments and can be contracted from infected people, animals, or contaminated soil. Common types of tinea infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis).

Treatment for tinea typically involves antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the location and severity of the infection. Proper hygiene and avoiding sharing personal items can help prevent the spread of this contagious condition.

'Alternaria' is a genus of widely distributed saprophytic fungi that are often found in soil, plant debris, and water. They produce darkly pigmented, septate hyphae and conidia (asexual spores) that are characterized by their distinctive beak-like projections.

Alternaria species can cause various types of plant diseases, including leaf spots, blights, and rots, which can result in significant crop losses. They also produce a variety of mycotoxins, which can have harmful effects on human and animal health.

In humans, Alternaria species can cause allergic reactions, such as hay fever and asthma, as well as skin and respiratory tract infections. Exposure to Alternaria spores is also a known risk factor for the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a condition characterized by inflammation and scarring of the lungs.

It's important to note that medical definitions can vary depending on the context, so it may be helpful to consult a reliable medical or scientific source for more specific information about Alternaria and its potential health effects.

Trichothecenes are a group of chemically related toxic compounds called sesquiterpenoids produced by various species of fungi, particularly those in the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, and Stachybotrys. These toxins can contaminate crops and cause a variety of adverse health effects in humans and animals that consume or come into contact with the contaminated material.

Trichothecenes can be classified into four types (A, B, C, and D) based on their chemical structure. Type A trichothecenes include T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol, while type B trichothecenes include deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol.

Exposure to trichothecenes can cause a range of symptoms, including skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and immune system suppression. In severe cases, exposure to high levels of these toxins can lead to neurological problems, hemorrhage, and even death.

It is important to note that trichothecenes are not typically considered infectious agents, but rather toxin-producing molds that can contaminate food and other materials. Proper handling, storage, and preparation of food can help reduce the risk of exposure to these toxins.

Fungi, in the context of medical definitions, are a group of eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. The study of fungi is known as mycology.

Fungi can exist as unicellular organisms or as multicellular filamentous structures called hyphae. They are heterotrophs, which means they obtain their nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by living as parasites on other organisms. Some fungi can cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants, known as mycoses. These infections range from superficial, localized skin infections to systemic, life-threatening invasive diseases.

Examples of fungal infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (dermatophytosis), candidiasis (yeast infection), histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis. Fungal infections can be challenging to treat due to the limited number of antifungal drugs available and the potential for drug resistance.

... serum bactericidal test MeSH E05.337.550.600 - parasitic sensitivity tests MeSH E05.337.800.120 - adverse drug reaction ... microbial sensitivity tests MeSH E05.200.875.595.800 - serum bactericidal test MeSH E05.200.875.610 - mycological typing ... neutralization tests MeSH E05.196.922.750 - potentiometry MeSH E05.196.922.875 - skin test end-point titration MeSH E05.196. ... precipitin tests MeSH E05.478.605.492.300 - flocculation tests MeSH E05.478.605.492.350 - immunodiffusion MeSH E05.478.605.492. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)

The test works by forming a hydrazone which can be detected by its bathochromic shift.[citation needed] Isoniazid may be used ... Asymptomatic elevation of serum liver enzyme concentrations occurs in 10% to 20% of people taking INH, and liver enzyme ... Isoniazid is bactericidal to rapidly dividing mycobacteria, but is bacteriostatic if the mycobacteria are slow-growing. It ... The height of the peaks depends on the ethnicities of the people being tested. The metabolites are excreted in the urine. Doses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoniazid

It is now known, however, that the major antimicrobial driving force lies in the bactericidal properties of its iron-bound ... "What Is a Ferritin Blood Test? What Do the Results Mean?". WebMD. Retrieved 2018-11-11. (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors ... and characterization of lactoferricin in serum by SELDI affinity mass spectrometry". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... Kuwata H, Yip TT, Yip CL, Tomita M, Hutchens TW (April 1998). "Bactericidal domain of lactoferrin: detection, quantitation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-binding_proteins

NRC-1 GvpC protein was bound to the surface of gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPs) and tested for protective activity using a ... It belongs to the family of lipid-binding serum glycoproteins. BPI was initially identified in neutrophils, but is found in ... bactericidal+permeability+increasing+protein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e ( ... Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a 456-residue (~50kDa) protein that is part of the innate immune system, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactericidal_permeability-increasing_protein

Also, a bactericidal serum antibody has also been developed in response to the diseases caused by M. catarrhalis. Treatment ... Many laboratories also perform a butyrate esterase test and a beta-lactamase test. Both tests should be positive and can help ... catarrhalis and led to the development of serum antigens. Also, an enhanced ability exists in the test subjects (mice) to clear ... The hockey puck test was applied to these M. catarrhalis colonies, in which a wooden stick is used to try to push the colonies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraxella_catarrhalis

Weil-Felix is a nonspecific agglutination test which detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in patient's serum. Weil-Felix test is ... "Rickettsia conorii O antigen is the target of bactericidal Weil-Felix antibodies". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Dilution of patient's serum are tested against suspensions of the different Proteus strains. William James Wilson (1879-1954) ... The Weil-Felix test is an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsial infections. It was first described in 1916. By ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil–Felix_test

Coombs test a.k.a. antiglobulin test (AGT) 1946 - Identification of mouse MHC (H2) by George Snell and Peter A. Gorer 1948 - ... "Serum sickness" allergy (Clemens von Pirquet and (Bela Schick) 1909 - Paul Ehrlich proposes "immune surveillance" hypothesis of ... Bactericidal action of blood (George Nuttall) 1890 - Demonstration of antibody activity against diphtheria and tetanus toxins. ... testing, and emergency approval in under one year. Thomas Jessy (2011). "Immunity over inability: The spontaneous regression of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology

M. leprae cannot be grown on routine laboratory culture media, so drug sensitivity testing in vitro is not possible. Growth and ... Clofazimine is a weakly bactericidal dye that has some activity against M. leprae. Its precise mechanism of action is unknown ... of administered dapsone is bound to serum proteins. The sulfones tend to remain in the skin, muscle, kidney, and liver up to 3 ... Ethionamide and prothionamide are weakly bacteriocidal against M. leprae and can be used as alternatives to clofazimine in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprostatic_agent

... and disruptions in urine tests for glucose. Some compounds that may interfere with the bactericidal activity of piperacillin ... MIC in the serum equates to 60 - 70% of the frequency for drug administration (dosing interval), maximal activity is achieved ... Otherwise, piperacillin-tazobactam bactericidal efficacy is shown to consist of a strong association with the duration of time ... It has been shown that the bactericidal actions of the drug do not increase with concentrations of piperacillin higher than 4-6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperacillin

He took their serum and injected them in rats to demonstrate how the immunity could be transferred. Hankin started the practice ... He notes that about 700 to 1000 cases of supposed poisoning required tests for poisons to be conducted. Hankin moved to Bombay ... Hankin subsequently suggested that the bactericidal action was through a "volatile" agent. He further conducted experiments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hanbury_Hankin

Ulifloxacin is ≈45% bound to serum proteins in vivo. It is extensively distributed throughout tissues and shows good ... Fritsche TR, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN (2008). "Antimicrobial Activity of Prulifloxacin Tested against a Worldwide Collection of ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are bactericidal drugs, eradicating bacteria by interfering with DNA replication. Quinolones ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prulifloxacin

... it has been suggested that children under 5 years of age are more susceptible to BPF since they lack serum bactericidal ... and negative laboratory tests for Neisseria meningitidis. The negative tests for Neisseria meningitidis rules out the ... Older children and adults have much higher titers of bactericidal antibodies, which serve as a protective measure. Also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_purpuric_fever

It has been tested for the reduction of hangover symptoms, though the overall results indicate very limited efficacy. A double- ... Acetylcysteine has bactericidal properties and breaks down bacterial biofilms of clinically relevant pathogens including ... studies have found this anaphylaxis-like reaction to occur more often in people given intravenous acetylcysteine despite serum ... have been observed to counteract some age-related decline in the hypoxic ventilatory response as tested by inducing prolonged ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcysteine

... is one of the most common bactericidal/fungicidal additives in cosmetics. It has been used in cosmetic products ... Mice administered butylparaben at 0.01-1% body weight for ten weeks showed a decrease in serum testosterone concentration and ... Butylparaben displayed the most competitive binding to rat estrogen receptors when tested along with methyl, ethyl, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butylparaben

Ross SC, Berberich HM, Densen P (December 1985). "Natural serum bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis isolates ... Meningococcal rash can usually be confirmed by a glass test in which the rash does not fade away under pressure. Meningococcal ... "Glass Test". Meningitisnow.org. Retrieved 7 October 2018. "Control of epidemic meningococcal disease. WHO practical guidelines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_disease

1932 with B. A. Beach and F. N. Bell: Studies on the bactericidal action of bovine whole blood and serum towards Brucella ... Starting in 1930, Irwin and his coworkers developed reliable and standardizable kits for blood group test sera to characterize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Robert_Irwin

The dose required should be monitored by blood testing. Gentamicin can cause inner ear problems and kidney problems. The inner ... Studies have shown higher serum levels and a longer half-life in this population. Kidney function should be checked ... Gentamicin is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by binding the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, negatively impacting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin

The test was initially validated on urine samples but has been applied successfully to other body fluids. Chest X-rays can also ... Serum from immunized rabbits or from humans who had recovered from pneumococcal pneumonia also conferred protection. In the ... Pericone, Christopher D.; Overweg, Karin; Hermans, Peter W. M.; Weiser, Jeffrey N. (2000). "Inhibitory and Bactericidal Effects ... Susceptibility testing should be routine with empiric antibiotic treatment guided by resistance patterns in the community in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_infection

Liver PGLYRP2 and earlier identified serum N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase are the same protein encoded by the PGLYRP2 gene ... A silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) test to detect peptidoglycan, based on activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade by PGRP in the ... Some of these amidases are also directly bactericidal, which further defends the host against infections and helps to control ... Human PGLYRP1, PGLYRP3, and PGLYRP4 are directly bactericidal for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Mouse and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein

The protocol includes twice-weekly blood tests and liver function tests; measurement of serum lactate levels, for early ... Some authors have noted that, despite its bacteriostatic effect in vitro, linezolid "behaves" as a bactericidal antibiotic in ... that achieved in serum (some authors have reported bronchial fluid concentrations up to four times higher than serum ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations vary; peak CSF concentrations are lower than serum ones, due to slow diffusion across ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid

... also can have an effect on some blood tests such as liver enzymes and platelet count. Overdosing is unlikely. In ... ISBN 978-0-444-59503-4. Liao FF, Huang YB, Chen CY (August 2010). "Decrease in serum valproic acid levels during treatment with ... Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, ertapenem is bactericidal. It inhibits cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial ... on Serum Valproic Acid Concentrations". Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 38 (5): 587-592. doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000316. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertapenem

... aflatoxin B1 to have significant immunosuppressive effects including reduced serum total globulin and reduced bactericidal ... have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

The bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic ... The lack of rapid point of care diagnostic tests, particularly in resource-limited settings is considered one of the drivers of ... Gastrointestinal disorders or interpatient variability in oral contraceptive absorption affecting ethinylestradiol serum levels ... Al-Habib A, Al-Saleh E, Safer AM, Afzal M (June 2010). "Bactericidal effect of grape seed extract on methicillin-resistant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic

Normal human blood serum contains anti-LOS antibodies that are bactericidal and patients that have infections caused by ... Ding JL, Ho B (2001). "A new era in pyrogen testing" (PDF). Trends Biotechnol. 19 (8): 277-81. doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01694- ... TRPV4 activation by LPS was necessary and sufficient to induce nitric oxide production with a bactericidal effect. In general ... "The Detection of Endotoxins Via the LAL Test, the Chromogenic Method". Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide

1975). "Bactericidal and hemolytic activity of complement in bovine colostrum and serum: effect of proteolytic enzymes and ... some published studies may be due in part to variation in dose given and to the timing of the colostrum collection being tested ... Arai, Y.; Hirose, N.; Yamamura, K.; Shimizu, K.-i.; Takayama, M.; Ebihara, Y.; Osono, Y. (1 February 2001). "Serum Insulin-like ... supplementation maintains performance and attenuates inflammatory indices following a Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum

2022). "Field validation of the performance of paper-based tests for the detection of the Zika and chikungunya viruses in serum ... 2007). "A common mechanism of cellular death induced by bactericidal antibiotics". Cell. 130 (5): 797-810. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... Importantly, Collins has also demonstrated how synthetic gene circuits can be used to test, validate and improve qualitative ... Collins and collaborators discovered, using systems biology approaches, that all classes of bactericidal antibiotics induce a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Collins_(bioengineer)

A physical exam/test can reveal enlarged liver, heart murmurs and elevated blood pressure. Most cases progress to bilateral ... serum creatinine, or eGFR). Definitive diagnosis is made by abdominal CT exam. Complications include hypertension due to the ... "bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal drugs". ADPKD individuals might have a normal life; conversely, ARPKD can cause kidney ... ISBN 978-0-8036-2505-1. "Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): Gene test and negative register". International Cat Care. Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease

Serum ECP levels are also a useful, objective measurement for asthma severity. Increased ECP levels correspond to symptom onset ... 2009). "Bactericidal and membrane disruption activities of the eosinophil cationic protein are largely retained in an N- ... The normal reference range for blood tests for eosinophil cationic protein is between 2.3 and 16 µg/L. Ribonuclease A GRCh38: ... 2010). "Serum eosinophilic cationic protein: is there a role in respiratory disorders?". J Asthma. 47 (2): 131-4. doi:10.3109/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil_cationic_protein

A rapid, portable test utilizing microfluidic technology has been developed to enable measurement of lactoferrin levels in ... Kuwata H, Yip TT, Yip CL, Tomita M, Hutchens TW (April 1998). "Bactericidal domain of lactoferrin: detection, quantitation, and ... The protein was extracted from milk, contained iron and was structurally and chemically similar to serum transferrin. Therefore ... characterization of lactoferricin in serum by SELDI affinity mass spectrometry". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoferrin

The blood tests C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have not been found to be particularly useful in helping make or ... Prophylactics should be bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic. Such measures are not taken in certain countries e.g. Scotland ... positive serum rheumatoid factor Other signs may include night sweats, rigors, anemia, spleen enlargement Many microorganisms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infective_endocarditis

... in all serum samples. These samples were tested in a serum bactericidal assay with DE9686 as a target strain. The test ... Martin D, McCallum L, Glennie A, Ruijne N, Blatchford P, OHallahan J, Validation of the serum bactericidal assay for ... Serum Bactericidal Assay. German strain DE9686 (B:P1.7-2,4:F1-5:ST42:MT19) isolated in 2004 from a patient of IMD in Aachen was ... Serum Bactericidal Antibody Responses against DE9686. Typing methods (MLVA, MLST, "fine typing") could not distinguish NZ98/254 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/16/3/09-1102_article

... and showed bactericidal activity against all of them (SBT range 1:8-1:1024), although SBTs were higher in patients receiving ... and serum bactericidal titers (SBT) against the same microorganisms. A total of 132 surgical procedures (68 TKA, 64 THA) in 128 ... Harley, W.B.; Stratton, C.W. The serum bactericidal test revisited. Infect. Dis. Newsl. 1993, 12, 61-64. [Google Scholar] [ ... Methodology for the Serum Bactericidal Test.; Approved Guideline; NCCLS document M21-A: Wayne, PA, USA, 1999. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/1/18?utm_campaign=releaseissue_antibioticsutm_medium=emailutm_source=releaseissueutm_term=doilink15

Humoral immunity was also investigated by measurement of serum gammaglobulins. All test were performed before treatment and 30 ... some cellular immunity parameters were tested. These were: phagocytosis index and bactericidal activity against leukocytes. ... Since these forms of mild stress did not lead to an appearance of IFN in the serum, the possibility of an NK cell activating ... At McMurdo Station, a US research base in Antarctica, we tested this belief by comparing, over 36 days (August 31-October 5, ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11001091_Cold_exposure_Human_immune_responses_and_intracellular_cytokine_expression

Categories: Serum Bactericidal Test Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Serum+Bactericidal+Test&parentid=16783&catid=28540

TABLE 4. Summary of serogroup C bactericidal antibody persistence as determined by serum bactericidal antibody assay (SBA) 2-5 ... When sera are tested using a human complement source, SBA titers ≥1:4 are considered protective. Because of greater ... Complement-dependent bactericidal activity can be measured reliably by use of a serum bactericidal antibody assay with a human ... Borrow R, Balmer P, Miller E. Meningococcal surrogates of protection-serum bactericidal antibody activity. Vaccine 2005;23:2222 ...

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6202a1.htm

However, many clinicians feel that the serum bactericidal test does not have a reproducible result, and these clinicians rely ... These tests are performed by incubating serial 2-fold dilutions of serum that contain antimicrobials with an inoculum of ... clinicians obtain peak and trough blood samples during antimicrobial therapy of IE in order to run serum bactericidal tests. ... Treat PVE caused by MRSA with vancomycin at 30 mg/kg (not to exceed 2 g/d unless serum levels are monitored) for 6 weeks or ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216650-treatment

... and serum opsonic activity were studied. Nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activation, and ... Open the PDF for Myeloperoxidase Activity and Bactericidal Function of PMN in ,span class=search-highlight,Iron,/span, ,span ... Serum Ferritin and Mean Corpuscular Volume Measurement in the Diagnosis of β -Thalassaemia minor and Iron Deficiency ... Open the PDF for Serum Ferritin and Mean Corpuscular Volume Measurement in the Diagnosis of β -Thalassaemia minor and ,span ...

https://karger.com/aha/search-results?qb=%7B%22Keywords1%22:%22Iron+deficiency%22%7D

... specific recognition of antigens by monoclonal antibodies through competitive ELISA assays may replace in vivo tests for the ... Single sera were also tested against wild-type bacterial strains in serum bactericidal assay (SBA) based on luminescent readout ... GMMA were tested at different OAg doses.. Individual mouse sera were tested for anti-OAg and anti-GMMA proteins total IgG by ... Intra-Laboratory Evaluation of Luminescence Based High-Throughput Serum Bactericidal Assay (L-SBA) to Determine Bactericidal ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/3/229

... organic serum against: Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428 Proteus vulgaris Corynebacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6871 Pseudomonas ... virus Vaccinia virus MoldStat Plus Bactericidal uses This MoldStat Plus is bactericidal according to AOAC Use Dilution Test ... This MoldStat Plus is bactericidal according to AOAC Use Dilution Test method modified in the presence of 5% organic serum ...

https://cleanertoday.com/MOLDSTAT-Kills-s/136.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)

The primary objective of this research work is to develop a serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for the quantification ... No major variations in pSBA titre with different bacterial inoculum tested. pSBA antibody driven with no interference with ... This study demonstrated Anti-pseudomonas functional activity in human serum. Keywords: Serum bactericidal assay, Paeruginosa, ... Ramya Anandan, Nandhini D, "Development of Serum Bactericidal Assay for P. aeruginosa", International Journal of Science and ...

https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=ART20175180

Immunogenicity was determined in serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA) by use of four meningococcal ... Despite initial declines in seroprotective hSBA titres for all four test strains, for three test strains (A22, A56, and B24), ... For test strain B44, hSBA titres equal to or greater than the lower limit of quantification were shown in 37% (n=18/49) of ... We aimed to assess the persistence of bactericidal antibodies up to 4 years after a three-dose schedule of bivalent rLP2086. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27745812/

... showed that it induced protective serum bactericidal antibody responses to diverse MenB test strains, and exhibited an ...

https://www.pharmatimes.com/news/uk_launch_for_pfizers_menb_jab_trumenba_1197897

... the effect of the annealing temperature on the physicochemical and bactericidal properties of TiO2-NPs obtai... ... Annealing is a crucial functional parameter relevant to the green synthesis and bactericidal properties of TiO2 nanocomposites ... Antibacterial tests. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined after 24 h of ... fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) PenStrep (Gibco, USA), sodium bicarbonate, 12.5 g/mL HEPES and 1% (v/v) L-glutamine at 37°C ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1134597/v1

Hemodialysis has been shown to reduce penicillin G serum levels.. Microbiology. Penicillin G exerts a bactericidal action ... Susceptibility Testing. For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test ... β-phase serum half-lives of one to two hours were observed in azotemic patients with serum creatinine concentrations ,3 mg/100 ... The suitability of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to the USP biological tests for plastic ...

https://www.rxlist.com/penicillin-g-potassium-drug.htm

Hyperimmune mouse serum raised against purified, recombinant OmpP4 did not promote bactericidal killing of 35000HP or ... To test whether OmpP4 was necessary for virulence in humans, eight healthy adults were experimentally infected. Each subject ... phagocytosis by J774A.1 mouse macrophages in serum bactericidal and phagocytosis assays, respectively. Our data suggest that, ... we tested the hypothesis that, like its homolog, H. ducreyi OmpP4 contributes to virulence and stimulates production of ...

https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-14-166

The infant should be given isoniazid until 6 mo of age at which time the skin test should be repeated. If the skin test is ... compared with a peak serum concentration of 4.3 ug/ml 1 to 2 h after a 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin and a 4.6-ug/ml peak serum ... Amikacin is highly bactericidal against M. tuberculosis in vitro. It is given as a single daily dose of 15 mg/kg by ... If no evidence of current disease is found in the mother or extended family, the infant should be tested with a Mantoux test (5 ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000413/p0000413.asp

A suspension of test organisms was added to the product test solution under dirty conditions [3.0 g/l bovine serum albumin (BSA ... the test product was further tested at 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 dilutions of the 7% solution in bactericidal testing ( ... Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity in the medical area. Test method and requirements ( ... Antiseptic product performance against test bacteria was performed according to bactericidal quantitative suspension test ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40121-018-0200-7

Acyclovir [Susceptibility] by Serum bactericidal titer. LOINC. Drug Susceptibility Test Result Name. Details. ... 5-Fluorocytosine [Susceptibility] by Serum bactericidal titer. LOINC. Drug Susceptibility Test Result Name. Details. ... ABT492 Islt E-test. ABT492 [Susceptibility] by Gradient strip (E-test). LOINC. Drug Susceptibility Test Result Name. Details. ... 5-fluorocytosine Islt E-test. 5-Fluorocytosine [Susceptibility] by Gradient strip (E-test). LOINC. Drug Susceptibility Test ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?id=15E98D4C-BBE5-4191-80C9-ADEC75DA7FFB

ProtoCOL 3 Software Module for SBA (serum bactericidal assay) (1) * ProtoCOL 3 Software Module for Sector Plates (1) ... ChromaZona is an IVD certified instrument for automated AST and microbial ID, designed for speeding up testing in the clinical ...

https://www.fishersci.com/us/en/browse/90222045/colony-counters

... pestis from serum complement in all mammals tested except mice. Murine sera is not bactericidal. In this study, we asked, is ... Human sera retained bactericidal activity against a Y. pestis ail mutant in the presence of mouse sera. However, in the flea ... Rat or human but not mouse sera were bactericidal against a Y. pestis ail mutant at 28C in vitro. Complement components ... bactericidal sera from humans active in Y. pestis colonized fleas We found it was not. The importance of this observation is ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/cdcSCFinder.action?Mysubmit=init&action=search&query=Bearden+SW+

... were tested against pooled sera from 32 or 72 4CMenB-vaccinated infants in a serum bactericidal antibody assay in presence of ... using sera from a previous phase 3b clinical trial. The strains were tested using hSBA on pooled sera of infants, collected at ... Human serum bactericidal antibody titres against reference strains H44/76, 5/99, NZ98/254 and M10713 were evaluated before and ... Complement mediated bactericidal activity induced by MenABCWY was tested against a panel of 110 randomly-selected serogroup B ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Toneatto,+Daniela

The relative likelihood of sepsis versus noninfectious systemic inflammation was found to increase with increasing test score ( ... was also tested and analyzed, making a grand total of 447 patients in our study. The performance of SeptiCyte LAB was compared ... RationaleA molecular test to distinguish between sepsis and systemic inflammation of noninfectious etiology could potentially ... Humans, Sepsis, Critical Illness, Diagnosis, Differential, Critical Care, Serum Bactericidal Test, Sensitivity and Specificity ...

https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/1234702

Immune responses were assessed by serum bactericidal assays using hSBAs. The study primary endpoint assessed the percentage of ... The hSBA responses one month after doses 2 and 3 against the four primary MnB test strains as defined by hSBA responses (titers ... Licensure of TRUMENBA was based on demonstration of immune responses measured using a serum bactericidal assay with human ... Immune responses were assessed by serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBA). The study primary endpoint assessed ...

https://www.worldpharmatoday.com/press-releases/pfizer-reports-results-from-two-phase-3-trumenba-meningococcal-group-b-vaccine-studies-at-the-european-society-for-paediatric-infectious-diseases-meeting/

Serum bactericidal titer. 1. 0278. Agar screen. 1. 0279. Disk induction. 0. _AllergyTestObservationMethod. allergy test ... Dipstick colorimetric laboratory test. Chemical, Dipstick colorimetric laboratory test. 0. 0037. Test strip. Chemical, Test ... Minimum bactericidal concentration test, macrodilution. Susceptibility, Minimum bactericidal concentration, macrodilution. 0. ... Minimum bactericidal concentration test, microdilution. Susceptibility, Minimum bactericidal concentration, microdilution. 0. ...

https://terminology.hl7.org/2.0.0/ValueSet-v3-SusceptibilityObservationMethodType.html

Susceptibility plate testing: If the Kirby-Bauer method of disc susceptibility testing is used, a 300-unit polymyxin B disc ... Since the drug loses 50 percent of its activity in the presence of serum, active blood levels are low. Repeated injections may ... Polymyxin B sulfate has a bactericidal action against almost all gram-negative bacilli except the Proteus group. Polymyxins ... THESE ARE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH SERUM LEVELS FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION AND/OR NEPHROTOXICITY. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dcf1129c-c074-4d98-b7e1-9b3f4c139118

... flexneri 2b serotype ATCC 12022 in the IP challenge test. However, a clinical study is needed to confirm the efficacy and total ... according to the results of the safety check tests and histopathological analysis. When comparing the BGVs prepared using TX100 ... Immunized mice sera showed a significant increase in serum bactericidal activity of both preparations (TX100 = 40% and TW80 = ... Determination of serum bactericidal activity assay (SBA) of "Sf-BGV". Serum sample from animal groups were collected at the end ...

https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-023-00568-7

... were identified in in vivo testing as capable of producing binding IgG and complement-mediated bactericidal antibody. These ... These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections ... Serum bactericidal assay. Purified serum antibody from immunized rabbits was tested for serum bactericidal activity (SBA) ... Table 1 Summary of genomes compared, serum samples tested, Shigella antigens studied, and in vivo immunogenicity testing ...

https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13073-020-00824-4

Susceptibility Testing For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods ... with abnormally high serum levels resulting. Serum levels should be monitored and the dosage adjusted appropriately. There are ... Tetracycline, a bacteriostatic antibiotic, may antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillin, and concurrent use of these ... Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Nafcillin in the urine can cause a false-positive urine reaction for protein when the ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=77999cd2-17b8-4df9-b687-d0f9b62096b9

Patients should be monitored with appropriate testing of balance, hearing, and serum creatinine levels. ... Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an oral bactericidal drug. When used during the intensive initial 2 months of treatment, it shortens the ... see also Understanding Medical Tests and Test Results Understanding Medical Tests and Test Results Test results may help make a ... Drug susceptibility tests Drug susceptibility tests should be done on initial isolates from all patients to identify an ...

https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-pr/professional/infectious-diseases/mycobacteria/tuberculosis-tb

Hyperimmune mouse serum raised against purified, recombinant OmpP4 did not promote bactericidal killing of 35000HP or phagocytosis by J774A.1 mouse macrophages in serum bactericidal and phagocytosis assays, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune responses were assessed by serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBA). (worldpharmatoday.com)
Additional specialty assays can be seamlessly accessed through LabCorp including Monogram Biosciences , a member of LabCorp's Specialty Testing Group. (labcorp.com)
Migration experiments were carried out in Boyden chambers with bacterial chemotactic factor as the attractant, and bactericidal assays were done with Staphylococcus aureus and serum from an AB blood group donor as a source of opsonins. (docksci.com)
This provides a product that has low heterophile antibody activity for many applications, including use in bactericidal and opsonization assays. (pel-freez.com)
Suitable for functional antibody assays (SBA-Serum Bactericidal Assay, MOPA/OPA- Multiplexed /Opsonophagocytic Killing Assay) for vaccine evaluation. (pel-freez.com)

Immunogenicity was determined in serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA) by use of four meningococcal serogroup B test strains expressing vaccine-heterologous factor H binding protein variants: PMB80 (A22), PMB2001 (A56), PMB2948 (B24), and PMB2707 (B44). (nih.gov)
Immunogenicity was determined by serum bactericidal assay using human complement (hSBA). (bvsalud.org)

Yersinia pestis Δail Mutants Are Not Susceptible to Human Complement Bactericidal Activity in the Flea. (cdc.gov)
Among identified virulence factors is the attachment invasion locus protein, Ail, that is required to protect Y. pestis from serum complement in all mammals tested except mice. (cdc.gov)
Six antigens (FepA, EmrK, FhuA, MdtA, NlpB, and CjrA) were identified in in vivo testing as capable of producing binding IgG and complement-mediated bactericidal antibody. (biomedcentral.com)

The primary objective of this research work is to develop a serum bactericidal assay (SBA) for the quantification of bactericidal antibodies in human serum for P. aeruginosa (pSBA). (ijsr.net)
We aimed to assess the persistence of bactericidal antibodies up to 4 years after a three-dose schedule of bivalent rLP2086. (nih.gov)
In H. influenzae , e (P4) stimulates production of bactericidal and protective antibodies and contributes to pathogenesis by facilitating acquisition of the essential nutrients heme and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we tested the hypothesis that, like its homolog, H. ducreyi OmpP4 contributes to virulence and stimulates production of bactericidal antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (BPI-ANCA) from people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) do not recognize orthologous proteins of human BPI (huBPI). (elifesciences.org)

The study was powered to assess immunological interference against pooled serogroup B test strains. (bvsalud.org)
Immune responses (GMTs and 80% CIs) were lower for PorA and NHBA serogroup B test strains in the MenABCWY group compared to the 4CMenB+ACWY/D group and 4CMenB group. (bvsalud.org)
MenABCWY vaccination was immunogenic against MenB test strains. (bvsalud.org)
The importance of this observation is that it identifies a protective niche for the growth of serum sensitive and nonsensitive Y. pestis strains. (cdc.gov)
The study primary endpoint assessed the percentage of subjects with a response to four primary MnB test strains (N=1210-1266), representative of prevalent MnB strains, and the secondary endpoint assessed responses to 10 additional MnB test strains in a population subset (N=266-281). (worldpharmatoday.com)
The hSBA responses one month after doses 2 and 3 against the four primary MnB test strains as defined by hSBA responses (titers ≥LLOQ) were 64.0%-99.1% and 87.1%-99.5%, respectively. (worldpharmatoday.com)
The hSBA responses to the 10 additional MnB test strains were 61.1%-100.0% and 75.1%-98.6% one month after dose 2 and 3, respectively. (worldpharmatoday.com)
The data demonstrate that TRUMENBA induces protective serum bactericidal antibody responses to diverse MenB test strains that are representative of disease causing strains, and the vaccine has an established safety profile.13 In clinical studies, the most common adverse reactions observed were injection site pain, redness and swelling at the vaccination site, headache, fatigue, chills, diarrhea, muscle pain, joint pain and nausea. (biopharmabusiness.com)

Bactericidal activity in serum samples from the New Zealand MeNZB vaccination campaign confirmed vaccine preventability. (cdc.gov)
This study demonstrated Anti-pseudomonas functional activity in human serum. (ijsr.net)
A ≥ 5 log 10 (99.999%) decrease of bacteria and ≥ 4 log 10 (99.99%) reduction in viral titre represented effective bactericidal and virucidal activity, respectively, per European standards. (springer.com)
PVP-I gargle/mouthwash diluted 1:30 (equivalent to a concentration of 0.23% PVP-I) showed effective bactericidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae and rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, influenza virus A (H1N1) and rotavirus after 15 s of exposure. (springer.com)
PVP-I 7% gargle/mouthwash showed rapid bactericidal activity and virucidal efficacy in vitro at a concentration of 0.23% PVP-I and may provide a protective oropharyngeal hygiene measure for individuals at high risk of exposure to oral and respiratory pathogens. (springer.com)
Human sera retained bactericidal activity against a Y. pestis ail mutant in the presence of mouse sera. (cdc.gov)
This indicated that Ail activity was somehow blocked, most likely by lipooligosaccharide, in this serum sensitive strain. (cdc.gov)
Since the drug loses 50 percent of its activity in the presence of serum, active blood levels are low. (nih.gov)
Immunized mice sera showed a significant increase in serum bactericidal activity of both preparations (TX100 = 40% and TW80 = 56%) compared to the non-immunized challenged group (positive control). (biomedcentral.com)
Bactericidal activity was suppressed by acetylsalicylic acid, sodium salicylate and phenacetin. (docksci.com)
The amino acid sequence mediating the bactericidal activity of human BPI (huBPI) is underlined. (elifesciences.org)
Department of Physiology at Vidyasagar activity of neutrophils was greater in the College for Women in Kolkata for testing. (who.int)

PVP-I 7% gargle/mouthwash was diluted 1:30 with water to a concentration of 0.23% (the recommended concentration for "real-life" use in Japan) and tested at room temperature under clean conditions [0.3 g/l bovine serum albumin (BSA), viruses only] and dirty conditions (3.0 g/l BSA + 3.0 ml/l erythrocytes) as an interfering substance for defined contact times (minimum 15 s). (springer.com)
and F. psychrophilum were conserved at −80°C in 1 ml skimmed milk (Becton Dickinson, Switzerland) supplemented with 10% bovine serum and 20% glycerol. (trpvantagonists.com)
The cells were isolated by a method previously described7 and then suspended in KrebsRinger phosphate (KRP) solution, pH 7.45, to which was added 0.006 M glucose and 0.35% bovine serum albumin (Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, Missouri). (docksci.com)
We determined the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by incubating strain suspensions in Brucella broth with fetal bovine serum and samples at different concentrations in a final volume of 100 microl in a microaerobic atmosphere. (lacienciadelvino.com)

1 month after the third vaccination, 93% (n=139/149) to 100% (n=48/48) of vaccine recipients achieved protective hSBA titres equal to or greater than the lower limit of quantification to each test strain, compared with 0% (n=0/25) to 35% (n=8/23) of control recipients. (nih.gov)
PVP-I was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae according to bactericidal quantitative suspension test EN13727 and against severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), rotavirus strain Wa and influenza virus A subtype H1N1 according to virucidal quantitative suspension test EN14476. (springer.com)
Susceptibility plate testing: If the Kirby-Bauer method of disc susceptibility testing is used, a 300-unit polymyxin B disc should give a zone of over 11 mm when tested against a polymyxin B susceptible bacterial strain. (nih.gov)
In the bactericidal experiments, a hospital strain of Staphylococcus aureus was grown overnight in trypticase soy yeast broth (Difco Laboratories), separated by centrifugation, washed and resuspended in 0.9% sodium chloride to approximately 5.0 x l0. (docksci.com)

The bactericidal properties were determined via the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. (researchsquare.com)

We investigated the in vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 7% gargle/mouthwash at defined dilution against oral and respiratory tract pathogens. (springer.com)
Rat or human but not mouse sera were bactericidal against a Y. pestis ail mutant at 28C in vitro. (cdc.gov)
These were deleted, and the mutants were tested for correlates of virulence in vitro and in vivo. (hal.science)
In vitro tests demonstrate that the cephalosporins are bactericidal because of their inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. (druglib.com)

A report of "Intermediate" indicates that the result should be considered equivocal, and, if the microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be repeated. (druglib.com)
This drug is indicated in the treatment of moderately severe infections due to penicillin-G-susceptible microorganisms that are susceptible to serum levels common to this particular dosage form. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)

Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. (rxlist.com)

The homologous reactions, which determined the type, afforded the major protection and developed promptly and regularly in the serum of rabbits during immunization. (silverchair.com)
The associated cross-reactions, on the other hand, appeared in the serum of certain rabbits only, were often not as strong as the associated homologous reactions, and required for their presence a longer period of immunization than the homologous reactions. (silverchair.com)
Agar gel analysis of the homologous precipitin reactions revealed, as would be expected, reactions of serological identity, while those cross-reactions which were strong enough to test in this way formed bands of precipitate which joined with spur formation on the side of the homologous reaction. (silverchair.com)

1. Explain the difference between the actions of bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal drugs. (nursingcapstoneproject.com)

Cross-reactivity definition - An antigenic variant was considered cross-reactive if it had been tested in ≥5 isolates/subjects and was above the accepted threshold in ≥75% of those isolates. (pubmlst.org)
In the present work, we tested the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts from Colorino, Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon grape cultivars against H. pylori G21 (cagA-negative, cagA-) and 10K, (cagApositive, cagA+) clinical isolates. (lacienciadelvino.com)
Reports have been limited to antimicrobial susceptibility test results of clinical isolates, usually from reference laboratories, animal studies and case summaries ( 19 , 78 ). (antimicrobe.org)

However, in the flea vector, the serum protective properties of Ail were not required. (cdc.gov)

No major variations in pSBA titre with different bacterial inoculum tested. (ijsr.net)

Penicillin G exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-sensitive microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. (pediatriconcall.com)
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). (bvsalud.org)

To test whether OmpP4 was necessary for virulence in humans, eight healthy adults were experimentally infected. (biomedcentral.com)
Ail confers serum resistance in humans and is a critical virulence factor of Y. pestis, the causative agent of plague. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we asked, is bactericidal sera from humans active in Y. pestis colonized fleas We found it was not. (cdc.gov)

Annealing is a crucial functional parameter relevant to the green synthesis and bactericidal properties of TiO 2 nanocomposites (TiO 2 -NPs). (researchsquare.com)

Nafcillin binds to serum proteins, mainly albumin. (nih.gov)
Sequence alignment and analysis of orthologous proteins to human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (huBPI). (elifesciences.org)

This could be due to mechanisms simply not tested for or intrinsic resistance to a given antibiotic. (medscape.com)
If molecular blood testing is not available, the initial antibiotic choice is arrived at by SA and attention to local resistance patterns. (medscape.com)
Similarly, flea studies with human blood showed Ail was not required for serum resistance. (cdc.gov)
None of the deleted mutants was modified in its resistance to the bactericidal effect of serum. (hal.science)

Efficacy of Echinacea-Supplemented Feeding on Health and Immune Status of Horses Phytotherapeutic medication with immunemodulatory efficacy represent one possible alternative to general bactericidal or anti-inflammatory agents. (uni-muenchen.de)

General well-being, blood results, the plasma cortisol concentration as well as the serum concentration of immune globuline G were determined on Day 0, 10, 21, 28, 35, and 70. (uni-muenchen.de)

BACKGROUND: Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide bactericidal against gram-positive pathogens. (duke.edu)

The relative likelihood of sepsis versus noninfectious systemic inflammation was found to increase with increasing test score (range, 0-10). (tropmedres.ac)

Flea colonization studies using murine sera and Y. pestis KIM6(+) wild type, a ail mutant, and the ail/ail(+) control showed no differences in bacterial prevalence or numbers during the early stage of flea colonization. (cdc.gov)
both bacterial ghost vaccines (BGVs) were safe and effective, according to the results of the safety check tests and histopathological analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

N. farcinica is particularly important to distinguish since it has increased virulence and differs in its antimicrobial susceptibility test results and its epidemiology ( 16 , 126 ). (antimicrobe.org)

Finally, a variant of Ail (Ail(F100V E108_S109insS)) from a human serum-sensitive Y. pestis subsp. (cdc.gov)

These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections. (biomedcentral.com)
However, a higher rate of acute toxicity (severe cutaneous toxicity and need for nutritional support) was found for RT-Cx, with 11% of harmful death and 13% of discontinuation rate of RT 0% of CRT group (33.3%, 15.1%) were detected.51 Recently, two randomized phase?III tests, RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE, investigated the substitution of cisplatin with Cx in individuals with advanced HPV? (siamtech.net)

Therapy should be guided by bacteriological studies (including susceptibility testing) and by clinical response. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
The primary end point was clinical response at follow-up/test-of-cure visit. (duke.edu)

When comparing the BGVs prepared using TX100 and TW80 methods, the use of TX100 as a new chemical treating agent for BGC production attained robust results in terms of shorter incubation time with the targeted cells and a strong immune response against S. flexneri 2b serotype ATCC 12022 in the IP challenge test. (biomedcentral.com)

For plastic and painted surfaces, spot test on an inconspicuous area before use. (drugs.com)
Test a small inconspicuous area first. (thebestpetshampoo.com)

Tetracycline: May antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillin, and concurrent use of these drugs should be avoided. (pediatriconcall.com)
Laboratory Tests: In prolonged therapy with penicillin and particularly with high-dosage schedules, periodic evaluation of the renal and hematopoietic systems is recommended. (pediatriconcall.com)
When high, sustained serum levels are required, penicillin G sodium or potassium, either IM or IV, should be used. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)

In this work, the effect of the annealing temperature on the physicochemical and bactericidal properties of TiO 2 -NPs obtained from Calotropis gigantea was comprehensively studied. (researchsquare.com)
The transformed protein effort may test Chief to boiling of the moderate women( other diabetes), to life by a heart( many Effect), or less generally, to be receptor of mixtures and Recent electrical arteries within the interest. (augenta.net)

At 4 ounces per gallon of water or equivalent dilution, this product inactivates Canine Parvovirus on hard, non-porous, environmental surfaces in the presence of 5% blood serum with a 10-minute contact time. (thebestpetshampoo.com)

Determination of immuneglobuline G fostered serum results between 17.15 mg/ml and 26.82 mg/ml. (uni-muenchen.de)

isolate contains antigens for which there is insufficient data from or are yet to be tested in experimental studies. (pubmlst.org)

At least 1 of the prescribed agents must be documented to achieve bactericidal levels when taken by mouth. (medscape.com)

Geranium Oil can easily become part of your everyday skincare regimen by adding it to a serum or moisturizer for your face, as it pairs perfectly with Lavender, Tangerine , and Ylang Ylang essential oils to provide an uplifting floral aroma and make your face glow. (mokshalifestyle.com)

It was not possible to determine a positive or negative influence of Echinacea-supplemented feeding on any of the discussed parameters under this test conditions (typical horse keeping conditions, placebo-controlled double blind study). (uni-muenchen.de)

Description:**Test methods designed to determine a microorganismâ€™s susceptibility to an antibiotic. (hl7.org)

The plant-mediated nano-sized cubic and spherical anatase TiO 2 -NPs encapsulated bioactive green elements, such as carbon, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, calcium and sulphur, from the C . gigantea extract, ultimately leading to versatile and eco-friendly bactericidal agents with wound-healing properties. (researchsquare.com)

An additional group of 198 patients, recruited in the large MARS (Molecular Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Sepsis) consortium trial in the Netherlands ( www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01905033), was also tested and analyzed, making a grand total of 447 patients in our study. (tropmedres.ac)

Anatomy1

Organisms6

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

The in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. (1/129)

Bactericidal properties of moxifloxacin and post-antibiotic effect. (2/129)

Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. (3/129)

Serum bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. (4/129)

Levofloxacin: serum bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. (5/129)

Bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in-vitro model simulating serum pharmacokinetic parameters. (6/129)

Serum bactericidal and inhibitory titres in the management of melioidosis. (7/129)

Comparison of the abilities of grepafloxacin and clarithromycin to eradicate potential bacterial pathogens from the sputa of patients with chronic bronchitis: influence of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables. (8/129)

Serum Bactericidal Test

Blood Bactericidal Activity

Streptococcus

Serum

Stachybotrys

Trichophyton

Cladosporium

Tinea

Alternaria

Trichothecenes

Fungi

The in-vitro activity of HMR 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. (1/129)

Bactericidal properties of moxifloxacin and post-antibiotic effect. (2/129)

Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. (3/129)

Serum bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. (4/129)

Levofloxacin: serum bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. (5/129)

Bactericidal activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in-vitro model simulating serum pharmacokinetic parameters. (6/129)

Serum bactericidal and inhibitory titres in the management of melioidosis. (7/129)

Comparison of the abilities of grepafloxacin and clarithromycin to eradicate potential bacterial pathogens from the sputa of patients with chronic bronchitis: influence of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables. (8/129)

List of MeSH codes (E05)

Isoniazid

Iron-binding proteins

Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein

Moraxella catarrhalis

Weil-Felix test

Timeline of immunology

Leprostatic agent

Piperacillin

Ernest Hanbury Hankin

Prulifloxacin

Brazilian purpuric fever

Acetylcysteine

Butylparaben

Meningococcal disease

Malcolm Robert Irwin

Gentamicin

Pneumococcal infection

Peptidoglycan recognition protein

Linezolid

Ertapenem

Aflatoxin B1

Antibiotic

Lipopolysaccharide

Colostrum

James Collins (bioengineer)

Polycystic kidney disease

Eosinophil cationic protein

Lactoferrin

Infective endocarditis

Vaccine Preventability of Meningococcal Clone, Greater Aachen Region, Germany - Volume 16, Number 3-March 2010 - Emerging...

Antibiotics | Free Full-Text | Intraoperative Bacterial Contamination and Activity of Different Antimicrobial Prophylaxis...

PDF) Cold exposure: Human immune responses and intracellular cytokine expression

Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)

Prevention and Control of Meningococcal Disease

Infective Endocarditis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotic Therapy, Management of S aureus Bacteremia

Page 1 | Search Results | Acta Haematologica | Karger Publishers

Vaccines | Free Full-Text | Stability of Outer Membrane Vesicles-Based Vaccines, Identifying the Most Appropriate Methods to...

MoldSTAT Organism Kill List | Cleaner Today

List of MeSH codes (E05) - Wikipedia

Development of Serum Bactericidal Assay for P. aeruginosa, IJSR, Call for Papers, Online Journal

Meningococcal serogroup B-specific responses after vaccination with bivalent rLP2086: 4 year follow-up of a randomised, single...

UK launch for Pfizer's MenB jab Trumenba - PharmaTimes

Annealing Temperature Influences the Cytocompatibility, Bactericidal and Bioactive Properties of Green Synthesised TiO2...

Penicillin G Potassium (Penicillin G Potassium): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning

Outer membrane protein P4 is not required for virulence in the human challenge model of Haemophilus ducreyi infection | BMC...

Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children

In Vitro Bactericidal and Virucidal Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Gargle/Mouthwash Against Respiratory and Oral Tract Pathogens |...

Value Set Details

Colony Counters | Fisher Scientific

CDC Science Clips

Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS

Validation of a Host Response Assay, SeptiCyte LAB, for Discriminating Sepsis from Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in...

Pfizer reports Results From Two Phase 3 TRUMENBA (Meningococcal Group B Vaccine) Studies At The European Society For Paediatric...

HL7.TERMINOLOGY\SusceptibilityObservationMethodType - FHIR v4.0.1

POLYMYXIN B FOR INJECTION500,000 Units

Production of highly immunogenic and safe Triton X-100 produced bacterial ghost vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2b serotype |...

The identification of novel immunogenic antigens as potential Shigella vaccine components | Genome Medicine | Full Text

DailyMed - NAFCILLIN injection, powder, for solution

Tuberculosis (TB) - Infectious Diseases - Merck Manuals Professional Edition

Assays6

$HL7.TERMINOLOGY\SusceptibilityObservationMethodType - FHIR v4.0.1$ HL7.TERMINOLOGY\SusceptibilityObservationMethodType - FHIR v4.0.1