Serotyping. Medical search

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

A species of bacteria present in man and many kinds of animals and birds, often causing infertility and/or abortion.

Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.

Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals and man. Some species are pathogenic.

Methods for using more than one primer set in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify more than one segment of the target DNA sequence in a single reaction.

A species of bacteria that resemble small tightly coiled spirals. Its organisms are known to cause abortion in sheep and fever and enteritis in man and may be associated with enteric diseases of calves, lambs, and other animals.

An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Some capsules have a well-defined border, whereas others form a slime layer that trails off into the medium. Most capsules consist of relatively simple polysaccharides but there are some bacteria whose capsules are made of polypeptides.

A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.

A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.

A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of the mouth and respiratory tract of animals and birds. It causes shipping fever (see PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC); HEMORRHAGIC BACTEREMIA; and intestinal disease in animals. In humans, disease usually arises from a wound infection following a bite or scratch from domesticated animals.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

A species of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of swine, poultry, and man. It may be pathogenic.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

The top portion of the pharynx situated posterior to the nose and superior to the SOFT PALATE. The nasopharynx is the posterior extension of the nasal cavities and has a respiratory function.

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE that consists of several species occurring in animals and humans. Its organisms are described as gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, coccobacillus or rod-shaped, and nonmotile.

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with PLEURISY, inflammation of the PLEURA.

A genus of gram-negative, nonmotile bacteria which are common parasitic inhabitants of the urogenital tracts of humans, cattle, dogs, and monkeys.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Infections with bacteria of the genus PASTEURELLA.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

A species of anaerobic, spiral bacteria that was formerly classified as Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Treponema hyodysenteriae (and for a short while, Serpula hyodysenteriae). This organism is the agent of swine dysentery.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Direct nucleotide sequencing of gene fragments from multiple housekeeping genes for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis, organism identification, and typing of species, strain, serovar, or other distinguishable phylogenetic level.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains.

Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

A species of gram-negative bacteria found in the human genitourinary tract (UROGENITAL SYSTEM), oropharynx, and anal canal. Serovars 1, 3, 6, and 14 have been reclassed into a separate species UREAPLASMA parvum.

Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Infections with viruses of the genus HANTAVIRUS. This is associated with at least four clinical syndromes: HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME caused by viruses of the Hantaan group; a milder form of HFRS caused by SEOUL VIRUS; nephropathia epidemica caused by PUUMALA VIRUS; and HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME caused by SIN NOMBRE VIRUS.

A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.

A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

Infections with bacteria of the genus UREAPLASMA.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.

An order of BIRDS comprised of several families and more than 300 species. It includes COCKATOOS; PARROTS; PARAKEETS; macaws; and BUDGERIGARS.

Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

An acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa.

Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.

Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.

INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that has been isolated from pneumonic lesions and blood. It produces pneumonia with accompanying fibrinous pleuritis in swine.

Gram-negative rods isolated from human urine and feces.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that has a tendency to form long filaments. Its organisms are widely distributed in nature and are found in MAMMALS; BIRDS; and FISHES. Erysipelothrix may appear gram-negative because they decolorize easily.

Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus HAEMOPHILUS found, in the normal upper respiratory tract of SWINE.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.

Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.

A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food, and clinical specimens. It is a prominent opportunistic pathogen for hospitalized patients.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is a group A hemolytic Streptococcus that can cause SCARLET FEVER and RHEUMATIC FEVER.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, fecal matter, and sewage. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis.

A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Infections with bacteria of the genus LISTERIA.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

A genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE causing HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS, first identified during the Korean war. Infection is found primarily in rodents and humans. Transmission does not appear to involve arthropods. HANTAAN VIRUS is the type species.

The process of protecting various samples of biological material.

The type species of the genus HANTAVIRUS infecting the rodent Apodemus agrarius and humans who come in contact with it. It causes syndromes of hemorrhagic fever associated with vascular and especially renal pathology.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Infections with bacteria of the genus PROTEUS.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the intestines of humans and a wide variety of animals, as well as in manure, soil, and polluted waters. Its species are pathogenic, causing urinary tract infections and are also considered secondary invaders, causing septic lesions at other sites of the body.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The oldest recognized genus of the family PASTEURELLACEAE. It consists of several species. Its organisms occur most frequently as coccobacillus or rod-shaped and are gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Species of this genus are found in both animals and humans.

A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.

Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.

A genus of spiral bacteria of the family Brachyspiraceae.

Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS.

A genus of CHLAMYDOPHILA infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from pigs. It is a pathogen of swine but rarely occurs in humans.

One of the SHIGELLA species that produces bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).

Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

Longitudinal evaluation of serovar-specific immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (1/7746)

The serovars of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are predominant in a community change over time, a phenomenon that may be due to the development of immunity to repeat infection with the same serovar. This study evaluated the epidemiologic evidence for serovar-specific immunity to N. gonorrhoeae. During a 17-month period in 1992-1994, all clients of a sexually transmitted disease clinic in rural North Carolina underwent genital culture for N. gonorrhoeae. Gonococcal isolates were serotyped according to standard methods. Odds ratios for repeat infection with the same serovar versus any different serovar were calculated on the basis of the distribution of serovars in the community at the time of reinfection. Of 2,838 patients, 608 (21.4%; 427 males and 181 females) were found to be infected with N. gonorrhoeae at the initial visit. Ninety patients (14.8% of the 608) had a total of 112 repeat gonococcal infections. Repeat infection with the same serovar occurred slightly more often than would be expected based on the serovars prevalent in the community at the time of reinfection, though the result was marginally nonsignificant (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.0-2.4; p = 0.05). Choosing partners within a sexual network may increase the likelihood of repeat exposure to the same serovar of N. gonorrhoeae. Gonococcal infection did not induce evident immunity to reinfection with the same serovar. (+info)

Serotypes and virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs and cats. (2/7746)

E. coli strains isolated from urine of dogs and cats with urinary tract infections (UTI) and from feces of healthy one's were serotyped, and the serotypes were correlated with uropathogenic virulence factors. The most prevalent O-serotypes, O4 and O6, were isolated from dogs and cats with UTI. In contrast, O11 and O102 strains were the most frequently found from feces of healthy dogs and cats. Most of type O4 and O6 strains possessed such virulence factors as pil, pap, sfa, hly, and cnf1, while most type O11 and O102 strains pil only or pil and aer. All strains of type O75 possessed afaI and aer. K1 antigen was negative in all strains obtained from UTI. (+info)

Ribotypes of clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains in relation to O-serotypes. (3/7746)

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 in 1992 and reports of an increasing number of other non-O1 serogroups being associated with diarrhoea, stimulated us to characterize V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains received at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan for serotyping. Ribotyping with the restriction enzyme BglI of 103 epidemiological unrelated mainly clinical strains representing 10 O-serotypes yielded 67 different typing patterns. Ribotype similarity within each serotype was compared by using the Dice coefficient (Sd) and different levels of homogeneity were observed (serotypes O5, O41 and O17, Sd between 82 and 90%: serotypes O13 and O141 Sd of 72; and O2, O6, O7, O11, O24 Sd of 62-66%). By cluster analysis, the strains were divided into several clusters of low similarity suggesting a high level of genetic diversity. A low degree of similarity between serotypes and ribotypes was found as strains within a specific serotypes often did not cluster but clustered with strains from other serotypes. However, epidemiological unrelated O5 strains showed identical or closely related ribotypes suggesting that these strains have undergone few genetic changes and may correspond to a clonal line. Surprisingly, 10 of 16 O141 strains studied contained a cholera toxin (CT) gene, including 7 strains recovered from stool and water samples in the United States. This is to our knowledge the first report of CT-positive clinical O141 strains. The closely related ribotypes shown by eight CT-positive strains is disturbing and suggest that these strains may be of a clonal origin and have the potential to cause cholera-like disease. Despite the low degree of correlation found between ribotypes and serotypes, both methods appears to be valuable techniques in studying the epidemiology of emerging serotypes of V. cholerae. (+info)

Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage-type DT104 among salmonellae causing enteritis in Israel. (4/7746)

The relative frequency of salmonella strains isolated from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in Southern Israel changed during the period, 1994-6. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage-type 104 (DT104) appeared in Israel in 1994 and became the most prevalent strain in 1996. An outbreak of enteritis due to Salmonella enterica serotype Agona occurred in Israel, in October 1994 and lasted for 4 months. The relative frequency of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis remained almost constant during these years, with seasonal fluctuations only. The importance of the increase in the prevalence of Typhimurium DT104 has been the epidemic spread of a multiresistant strain of R-type ACT (A, ampicillin; C, chloramphenicol; T, tetracycline) belonging to this phage-type. Since 1995 the frequency of Typhimurium DT104 isolates that possess, in addition to the above R-type, a chromosomally encoded resistance to the quinolone drug, nalidixic acid, increased tenfold. In 1996, 27% of the Typhimurium DT104 isolates were of R-type ACTN. S. Enteritidis exhibited over 95% susceptibility to at least eight of the most commonly used antibiotic drugs, and none of the isolates was resistant to quinolone or fluoroquinoline. (+info)

Risk factors for the occurrence of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in children in France: a national case-control study. (5/7746)

To determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of sporadic cases of Salmonella enteritidis infections among children in France, we conducted a matched case-control study. Cases were identified between 1 March and 30 September 1995. One hundred and five pairs of cases and controls matched for age and place of residence were interviewed. In the 1-5 years age group, illness was associated with the consumption of raw eggs or undercooked egg-containing foods (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8). Storing eggs more than 2 weeks after purchase was associated with Salmonella enteritidis infection (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4-10.2), particularly during the summer period (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.3-26.8). Cases were more likely to report a case of diarrhoea in the household 10-3 days before the onset of symptoms, particularly in the age group < or = 1 year (P = 0.01). This study confirms the link between eggs and the occurrence of sporadic cases of Salmonella enteritidis among children, highlights the potential role of prolonged egg storage and underlines the role of person-to-person transmission in infants. (+info)

High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan. (6/7746)

The Escherichia coli flora of infants in developed countries is dominated by one or a few strains which persist for prolonged periods of time, but no longitudinal studies have been performed in developing countries. To this end, we studied the rectal enterobacterial flora in 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants during their first 6 months of life. Three colonies were isolated and species typed on each of 11 sampling occasions. E. coli isolates were strain typed using electromorphic typing of cytoplasmic enzymes, and their O serogroups were determined. There was a very rapid turnover of enterobacterial strains in the rectal flora of individual infants. On average, 8.5 different E. coli strains were found per infant, and several biotypes of other enterobacteria. Less than 50% of the infants were colonized with E. coli from their mothers, but strains of maternal origin were four times more likely to persists in the infants' flora than other E. coli strains. Enterobacteria other than E. coli were always of non-maternal origin, and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae biotypes recovered from contaminated feeds were later identified in the infants' rectal flora. An early colonization with klebsiella or enterobacter was significantly associated with diarrhoea during the neonatal period, although these bacteria were not likely to be the cause of the disease. The results suggest that poor hygienic conditions result in an unstable and diverse enterobacterial flora, which may influence infant health. (+info)

Infection rate of Leptospira interrogans in the field rodent, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea. (7/7746)

Leptospirosis has significantly decreased in Korea since 1988, following the leptospiral vaccination programme initiated in 1988. Whether this wholly explains the decreased incidence is uncertain. As an initial step to answer this question, infection rates of Leptospira interrogans in field rodents, Apodemis agrarius, were examined and compared with previous data. Two hundred and twenty-two A. agrarius were captured during October-December 1996. Spirochaetes were isolated from 22 (9.9%) and leptospiral DNA was detected in an additional 6 rodents (12.6%). Subsequent microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) classified all these isolates as L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar lai. The above data did not significantly differ from previous surveys in 1984-7. There was no significant change of L. interrogans infection in field rodents following the introduction of the vaccination programme in Korea. Further studies are needed to determine the role of human vaccination in reducing incidence. (+info)

Biodiversity of Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from fish in Europe, Asia, and Australia. (8/7746)

Lactococcus garvieae (junior synonym, Enterococcus seriolicida) is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal septicemia among fish species living in very diverse environments. The phenotypic traits of L. garvieae strains collected from three different continents (Asia, Europe, and Australia) indicated phenotypic heterogeneity. On the basis of the acidification of D-tagatose and sucrose, three biotypes were defined. DNA relatedness values and a specific PCR assay showed that all the biotypes belonged to the same genospecies, L. garvieae. All of the L. garvieae strains were serotyped as Lancefield group N. Ribotyping proved that one clone was found both in Japan, where it probably originated, and in Italy, where it was probably imported. PCR of environmental samples did not reveal the source of the contamination of the fish in Italy. Specific clones (ribotypes) were found in outbreaks in Spain and in Italy. The L. garvieae reference strain, isolated in the United Kingdom from a cow, belonged to a unique ribotype. L. garvieae is a rising zoonotic agent. The biotyping scheme, the ribotyping analysis, and the PCR assay described in this work allowed the proper identification of L. garvieae and the description of the origin and of the source of contamination of strains involved in outbreaks or in sporadic cases. (+info)

"Serotypes and the Importance of Serotyping Salmonella". CDC. Retrieved 16 October 2014. Danan C, Fremy S, Moury F, Bohnert ML, ... To date, more than 2600 different serotypes have been identified. A Salmonella serotype is determined by the unique combination ... A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different ... In humans, that serotype is largely determined by human leukocyte antigen (HLA), the human version of the major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype

Of 118 serotyped patients, 106 (90%) were identified as Ad14. A total of 27 patients were hospitalized, one of whom, a nineteen ... Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a serovar of adenovirus which, unlike other adenovirus serovars, is known to cause potentially ... "Acute Respiratory Disease Associated with Adenovirus Serotype 14 - Four States, 2006-2007". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus_serotype_14

Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36) or Ad-36 or Adv36 is one of 52 types of adenoviruses known to infect humans. AD-36, first isolated in 1978 from the feces of a girl suffering from diabetes and enteritis, has long been recognized as a cause of respiratory and eye infections in humans. It was first shown to be associated with obesity in chickens by Dr. Nikhil Dhurandhar. AD-36 infection can induce cellular differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and stem cells derived from human adipose tissue. There has been a positive correlation between body fat and the presence of AD-36 antibodies in the blood. Previous research showed that chickens or mice injected with similar types of viruses show a statistically significant weight gain. To date, AD-36 is the only human adenovirus that has been linked with human obesity, present in 30% of obese humans and 11% of nonobese humans. In addition, a study of obese Americans indicates that about 30% of the obese individuals and only 5% of non-obese individuals have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus_serotype_36

This can be compensated for by examining DR serotypes as well as DQ serotypes. The name 'HLA DQ' originally describes a ... resulting in serotyping errors. Because of this mistyping serotyping is not as reliable as gene sequencing or SSP-PCR. While ... The currently used serotypes are HLA-DQ2, -DQ3, -DQ4, -DQ5, -DQ6, -DQ7, -DQ8, -DQ9. HLA-DQ1 is a weak reaction to the α-chain ... Carriers of risk serotypes such as DQ8 have a higher proportion of circulating T-cell receptors that may bind insulin, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ

HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a serotype group within HLA-DQ (DQ) serotyping system. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition ... Direct involvement of DQ2 is certain in coeliac disease (also known as celiac disease). Serotyping efficiency. The serotyping ... Therefore, using either serotyping or genotyping, DQ2.5 can be distinguished from DQ2.2 or DQ2.3. The refined studies of risk ... Due to its link to coeliac disease, DQ2 has the highest association of any HLA serotype with autoimmune disease, close to 95% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ2

... but serotyping still survives. Serotyping had identified the most similar antigens that now form the HLA subgroups. Serotyping ... Serotypes like B*4401, B*4402, B*4403, each abundant within those with B44 serotypes could be determined with unambiguous ... At the time new serotypes were being determined, the problem with multiple alleles for each serotype was becoming apparent by ... Some serotyping antibodies proved to be poor, with broad specificities, and new serotypes were found that identified a smaller ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_and_naming_of_human_leukocyte_antigens

... (A43) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A43 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A43 is a sister serotype of A25, A26, A34, and A66. A43 is more ... A43 is believed to have been formed by a single gene conversion between another HLA-A and the A*2601 allele.. A43 serotyping is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A43

... (A34) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A34 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A34 is a sister serotype of A25, A26, A43, and A66. A34 is most ... similar to A66.. A34 serotyping is modest.. A*3401 when found outside of Africa is primarily found in the South Asia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A34

... (A66) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A66 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A66 is a sister serotype of A25, A26, A34, and A43. A66 is more ... A66 serotyping is poor. A*6601 is also sometimes recognized by A25, and A*6602 is often recognized by A74. Arce-Gomez B, Jones ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A66

Serotyping of human lymphocyte antigens. Preliminary trials on long-term kidney homograft survivors. Nat Acad Sci Monograph ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Terasaki

... (A33) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A33 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A33 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A31, A32, and A74. A33 is more ... It's a good reason why serotyping alone should not be relied upon. The first haplotype is A33-Cw14-B44-DR13-DQ6.4 A*3303 : C* ... A33 has a poor serotyping rate. A33 shows two different distributions that can be discriminated by subtyping capability of SSP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A33

... (A74) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A74 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A74 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A31, A32, and A33. A74 is more ... A74 has a poor serotyping rate. A significant association has been found between A74 and nasal polyposis. Madrigal JA, Belich ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A74

... (DQ9) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group. DQ9 is a split antigen of the DQ3 ... The serotyping efficiency of DQ9 is poor. The recognition of DQB1*0303 by DQ9 and or DQ3 is poorest, DQ2 which recognizes a ... For this reason DQ9 serotyping is a poor method of typing for transplantation or disease association prediction or study. (DQ9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DQ9

The Janssen vaccine uses serotype 26. Convidecia uses serotype 5. Zabdeno, the first dose of the Zabdeno/Mvabea Ebola vaccine, ... Human adenovirus serotype 5 is often used because it can be easily produced in high titers. As of April 2021, four adenovirus ... uses the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1 Sputnik V uses human adenovirus serotype 26 for the first shot and serotype 5 ... is derived from human adenovirus serotype 26 expressing the glycoprotein of the Ebola virus Mayinga variant. Both doses are non ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine

Efficacy varied by serotype. In both trials vaccine reduced by about 80% the number of severe dengue cases. An analysis of both ... Dengvaxia is not approved in the U.S. for use in individuals not previously infected by any dengue virus serotype or for whom ... Tradenamed Dengvaxia, it is approved for use for those aged nine and older and can prevent all four serotypes. TAK-003 or ... The data appear to show only moderate efficacy in other dengue serotypes than DENV2. In March 2021, the European Medicines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_vaccine

... (B63) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B63 is one of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B63

A broad antigen serotype is a crude measure of identity of cells. For example, HLA A9 serotype recognizes cells of A23- and A24 ... Serotyped DR1 has cellularly defined as either of Dw1 or of Dw20 and so on for other serotyped DRs. Table shows associated ... Thus, serotyping became a way of crudely identifying HLA receptors and receptor isoforms. Over the years, serotyping antibodies ... or DR serotyping. Current serotyping can resolve, in one step, DQ8. HLA typing in autoimmunity is being increasingly used as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen

While each serotype can cause the full spectrum of disease, virus strain is a risk factor. Infection with one serotype is ... Some serotypes of the dengue virus appear to have mechanisms to slow down this process. Interferon also activates the adaptive ... There are five strains of the virus, called serotypes, of which the first four are referred to as DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and ... It is based on a weakened combination of the yellow fever virus and each of the four dengue serotypes. Studies of the vaccine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever

His research group were the first to describe the different serotypes of rotavirus. This work was important to the development ... Beards, GM; Pilfold, JN; Thouless, ME; Flewett, TH (1980). "Rotavirus serotypes by serum neutralisation". J Med Virol. 5 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Flewett

"Snapshots of Salmonella Serotypes" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. Hendriksen RS, Vieira AR, Karlsmose ... Wolfgang R, Helene A, Robert K, Rita P, Helmut T, Garry A, Andreas B (May 2002). "Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and ... A number of techniques are currently used to differentiate between serotypes. These include looking for the presence or absence ... There is an increasing number of Salmonella serotypes that are multidrug resistant (MDR), which was identified by the CDC's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_enterica_subsp._enterica

... H: serotype EV-H. Enterovirus I: serotype EV-I1 and EV-I2. Enterovirus J: serotypes: EV-J1, EV-J103, and EV-J108. ... Enterovirus K: serotype EV-K1 and EV-K2. Enterovirus L: serotype EV-L1. Rhinovirus Rhinovirus A: serotypes RV-A1, RV-A1B, RV-A2 ... Enterovirus E: serotypes EV-E1, EV-E2, EV-E3, EV-E4, and EV-E5. Enterovirus F: serotypes EV-F1, EV-F2, EV-F3, EV-F4, EV-F5, EV- ... Enterovirus B: serotypes CVB-1, CVB-2, CVB-3, CVB-4, CVB-5, CVB-6, and CVA-9. Enterovirus C: serotypes CVA-1, CVA-11, CVA-13, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterovirus

... (A36) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A36 has a high false serotyping rate to A1. A36 is largely limited to Africa. Outside Africa, more than half of the populations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A36

Streptococcus pneumoniae has at least 91 different capsular serotypes. These serotypes are the basis for the pneumococcal ... Watts SC, Holt KE (June 2019). "In Silico Serotyping of the Haemophilus influenzae Capsule Locus". Journal of Clinical ... accuracy of serotyping and prevalence of IS1016 among nontypeable isolates". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45 (10): 3230-8 ... "Two variants among Haemophilus influenzae serotype b strains with distinct bcs4, hcsA and hcsB genes display differences in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule

... (A25) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A25 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A25 is a sister serotype of A26, A34, A43, and A66. A25 is more ... A25 reasonably good serotyping with no overt false recognition.. A*2501 distribution is primarily located in Western Eurasia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A25

... (A*02) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the ... The serotyping for the most abundant A*02 alleles is good. For A*02:03, A*02:06, A*02:07 serotyping is borderline useful. There ... and a large majority have unknown serotypes, although it is highly probable that they will all return A2 serotypes. HLAs serve ... Serotyping can identify as far as HLA-A*02, which is typically enough to prevent transplant rejection (the original motivation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A*02

... (A26) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A26 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A26 is a sister serotype of A25, A34, A43, and A66. A26 is more ... common in West Pacific Rim (Taiwan to Hokkaido). A26 reasonably good serotyping with no overt false recognition.. A26 Serotype ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A26

... (A32) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody ... A32 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A32 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A31, A33, and A74. A32 ... Serotyping efficiency for the predominant allele is good. There are 16 known alleles that result in 15 isoforms of HLA-A32. One ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-A32

4 proteins DR51 Serotype: *0202, Serotype unknown: *0203 to *0205 DR51 serotype is positively associated with The following HLA ... DRB5*01 allele group 14 Alleles: 11 proteins, 2 Nulls DR51 Serotype: *0101, *0102 Serotype unknown: *0103 to *0107, *0109, * ... HLA-DR51 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the antigens encoded by the minor DR locus HLA-DRB5. DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are ... Only 3 of these have been surveyed by serotyping. There are numerous null genes at this locus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DR51

... (B54) is an HLA-B serotype. B54 is a split antigen from the B22 broad antigen, sister serotypes are B55 and B56. The ... HLA-serotype tutorial Hildebrand, W. H.; Madrigal, J. A.; Little, A. M.; Parham, P. (1992). "HLA-Bw22: a family of molecules ... serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*55 gene products. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B54

15 serotypes) Serogroup B: S. flexneri (9 serotypes) Serogroup C: S. boydii (19 serotypes) Serogroup D: S. sonnei (one serotype ... Yang, Z; Hu, C; Chen, J; Chen, G; Liu, Z (1990). "A new serotype of Shigella boydii". Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao (in Chinese). 30 (4 ... Shigella species are classified by three serogroups and one serotype: Serogroup A: S. dysenteriae ( ... dysenteriae serotypes 14 and 15". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 33 (5): 1423-5. doi:10.1128/JCM.33.5.1423-1425.1995. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella

Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/ArboCAT/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=512&SID=1

Sethi, S. K., Anand, S., Singh, Ajaib & Vadehra, D. V. (‎1976)‎. Resistance of Salmonella serotypes to chloramphenicol*. ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/261009

Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a rarely reported but emerging serotype of adenovirus that can cause severe and sometimes ... of the 268 were serotyped, and 106 (90%) of those serotyped were Ad14. Before this outbreak, the only identification of an Ad14 ... Fifty-one adenovirus serotypes have been identified (4). The cases described in this report are unusual because they suggest ... Vaccines against adenovirus serotypes four and seven (i.e., Ad4 and Ad7) were used among military recruits during 1971--1999, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5645a1.htm

Outbreaks of Salmonella Serotype Enteritidis Infection Associated with Consumption of Raw Shell Eggs -- United States, 1994- ... Percentage of all Salmonella isolates that were serotype .... Figure 2. Rate of isolation of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, ... Rate of isolation of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, by region... Article. Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) accounts for ... Outbreaks of Salmonella Serotype Enteritidis Infection Associated with Consumption of Raw Shell Eggs -- United States, 1994- ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0043479/m0043479.asp

Sethi, S. K., Anand, S., Singh, Ajaib & Vadehra, D. V. (‎1976)‎. Resistance of Salmonella serotypes to chloramphenicol*. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/261009?locale-attribute=zh&

Salmonella Bovismorbificans was the most common serotype confirmed in October in New Zealand, according to monthly surveillance ... Uncommon Salmonella serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 34b with two human isolates since it was first confirmed ... Uncommon Salmonella serotypes confirmed in September were Salmonella Brunei with four human isolates since it was first ... NZ surveillance data reveals common Salmonella serotypes. By News Desk on December 9, 2018. ...

https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2018/12/nz-surveillance-data-reveals-common-salmonella-serotypes/

Gene therapy using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector offers a new treatment option for individuals with monogenetic disorders. The major bottleneck is the presence of pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies, which impacts its use. Even very low titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to capsids from n …

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35577570/?dopt=Abstract

data). The emergence of serotype O10:K4 may be the response to host immunologic pressure, which was observed in serotype O4:K68 ... Geographic distribution of the new serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, sequence type 3, serotype O10:K4, in Guangxi, China, ... Geographic distribution of the new serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, sequence type 3, serotype O10:K4, in Guangxi, China, ... Global dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 and its serovariants. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:39-48. DOI ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/6/21-1871

Serotype Changes and Drug Resistance in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Adults after Vaccinations in Children, Japan, 2010- ... Serotype Changes and Drug Resistance in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Adults after Vaccinations in Children, Japan, 2010- ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/11/14-2029-t2

The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strain that produces CMY-2 beta-lactamase (Newport MDR-AmpC ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/ceftriaxone-resistant-salmonella-enterica-serotype-newport-france/

i,Methods,/i,. We report a case of an infant with polyarticular septic arthritis caused by ,i,H. influenzae,/i, serotype f. A ... Wound and blood cultures were positive for ,i,Haemophilus influenzae,/i, serotype f. In addition to treatment with IV ... influenzae serotype f, and other serotypes [8]. It is theorized that the vaccine caused a decrease in the carriage rate of ... serotype b, resulting in increased opportunity for colonization by nontypeable H. influenzae and serotypes other than serotype ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crior/2015/163812/

Increased penicillin nonsusceptibility of nonvaccine-serotype invasive pneumococci other than serotypes 19A and 6A in post-7- ... Sheppard C, Fry NK, Mushtaq S, Woodford N, Reynolds R, Janes R, et al. Rise of multidrug-resistant non-vaccine serotype 15A ... Ardanuy C, de la Campa AG, García E, Fenoll A, Calatayud L, Cercenado E, et al. Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8- ... Devine VT, Cleary DW, Jefferies JM, Anderson R, Morris DE, Tuck AC, et al. The rise and fall of pneumococcal serotypes carried ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/2/17-1268-f2

Vector Competence of Select Black Fly Species for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) published on Jul 1997 by ... Vector Competence of Select Black Fly Species for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) ... New Jersey serotype) (VSV-NJ). The Camp Verde isolate is the index isolate of the 1982-1983 VSV-NJ epizootic that infected ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/57/1/article-p42.xml

Four discrete but genetically similar serotypes of dengue virus, DENV 1-4, trigger a range of clinical symptoms from mild fever ... Dengue diagnosis, treatment and vaccine design: are efforts hampered by multiple serotypes and cross-reactivity with Zika?. ... The existence of a phylogenetically more distant fifth serotype was recently suggested. Verification of identity is now needed ... before it can be officially ratified as DENV 5. Still, the prospect of another serotype calls into question the intrinsic ...

https://www.pulsus.com/abstract/dengue-diagnosis-treatment-and-vaccine-design-are-efforts-hampered-by-multiple-serotypes-and-crossreactivity-with-zika-4837.html

Return to Article Details Serotyping Isolated Strains of Salmonella for Consomption in the Eastern Logone Province in Chad ...

https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT/article/view/23297/19790

Naturally Occurring Constitutive β-Lactamase of Novel Serotype in Staphylococcus aureus * Vibeke Thamdrup Rosdahl1 ... Naturally Occurring Constitutive β-Lactamase of Novel Serotype in Staphylococcus aureus, Page 1 of 1 ... Naturally Occurring Constitutive β-Lactamase of Novel Serotype in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiology 77, 229 (1973); https:// ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-77-1-229

Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1; Pasteurella trehalosi; Western blotting; disease control; fibrinogen; pneumonia; serotypes; ... 1. Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 and Pasteurella trehalosi serotype 10 culture supernatants contain fibrinogen-binding ... Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 Remove constraint Subject term: Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 Start Over ... Fibrinogen-binding proteins were found in the culture supernatants of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 (ATCC 43270) and ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=fibrinogen&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=Pasteurella+trehalosi&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=Mannheimia+haemolytica+serotype+1&per_page=50&search_field=author&sort=relevance

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium can move through liquid using swimming motility, and across a surface by swarming ... Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium can move through liquid using swimming motility, and across a surface by swarming ...

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42z8r2x8

Non-gonococcal urethritis due to T-mycoplasma (Ureaplasma urealyticum) serotype 2 in a conjugal sexual partnership. ... Non-gonococcal urethritis due to T-mycoplasma (Ureaplasma urealyticum) serotype 2 in a conjugal sexual partnership. ... Non-gonococcal urethritis due to T-mycoplasma (Ureaplasma urealyticum) serotype 2 in a conjugal sexual partnership. ...

https://sti.bmj.com/content/52/5/341.info

N2 - In the USA, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype A. This serotype constituted ... AB - In the USA, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype A. This serotype constituted ... In the USA, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype A. This serotype constituted 203 ... abstract = "In the USA, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype A. This serotype ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/epidemiologic-differences-among-serotypes-of-cryptococcus-neoform-3

Petition Number 09-03: Petition for an Interpretive Rule Declaring all enterohemorrhagic Shiga Toxin-producing Serotypes of ... including Non-O157 Serotypes, to be Adulterants Within the Meaning of 21 U.S.C. ¬ß 601(m)(1). ... Petition for an Interpretive Rule Declaring all enterohemorrhagic Shiga Toxin-producing Serotypes of Escherichia coli (E. coli ... Escherichia coli (E. coli), including Non-O157 Serotypes, to be Adulterants Within the Meaning of 21 U.S.C. ¬ß 601(m)(1). By ...

https://www.marlerblog.com/lawyer-oped/petition-number-09-03-petition-for-an-interpretive-rule-declaring-all-enterohemorrhagic-shiga-toxin-1/

Co-infection with S. pneumoniae serotypes can occur in bacterial meningitis and it might be missed if all serotypes are not ... S. pneumoniae serotyping was also done by multiplex PCR. Out of 284 CSF specimens, 22 were positive for ply S. pneumoniae. Of ... Of note, one of these CSF samples showed a new co-infection with serotypes 7C and 14. Also, 6 samples (30%) were positive for H ... Overall, nine samples were positive for two serotypes, of whom 3 and 11A were the most common from Tehran province. ...

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-022-07606-w

One hundred and eight were infected with serotype 2, 16 with serotype 3, 7 with serotype 4 and 3 with serotype 1. Three ... We also found mixed infections with dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 in 3 patients, serotypes 1 and 4 in 2 patients and serotypes ... Pakistan showed that serotype 2 was predominant in 108 patients, followed by serotype 3 in 16 patients, serotype 4 in 7 ... Serotype 2 was predominant in our population followed by serotype 3. There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, and ...

http://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-23-2017/volume-23-issue-9/multiplex-polymerase-chain-reaction-based-serotype-analysis-of-dengue-virus-during-2015-dengue-outbreak-in-pakistan.html

... serotype 19A is now the serotype most frequently involved in pneumococcal diseases and carriage. To determine factors ... Serotype 19A was found in 10.4% of the overall population, 20.5% of S. pneumoniae carriers (n = 1780) and 40.8% of PNSP ... Serotype 19A was clearly the leading serotype (20.5% of isolates). All PCV7 vaccine types represented less than 11%, serotypes ... Serotype 19A represented 40.8% of PNSP (326/799). The other non vaccine PNSP serotypes were 35B (10.7%) and 15A (12.2%). Table ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-11-95

N2 - Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 is a gram-negative enteropathogen that infects animals and humans. The role of ... AB - Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 is a gram-negative enteropathogen that infects animals and humans. The role of ... abstract = "Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 is a gram-negative enteropathogen that infects animals and humans. The role of ... Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 is a gram-negative enteropathogen that infects animals and humans. The role of ...

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/characterization-and-biological-role-of-the-o-polysaccharide-gene

Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. Serotype ... Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. Serotype ... Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. Serotype ... Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. Serotype ...

https://forskning.ruc.dk/da/publications/evaluation-of-serotype-specific-pneumococcal-igg-measurement-usin

From: The use of comparative genomic hybridization to characterize genome dynamics and diversity among the serotypes of ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-7-218/tables/2

PCV13 provides protection from 13 pneumococcus serotypes and PPSV23 provides protection from 23 serotypes. Depending on a ... PCV13 provides protection from 13 pneumococcus serotypes and PPSV23 provides protection from 23 serotypes. Depending on a ... Where can I find a Pneumococcal Antibody Titers (23 Serotypes), IgG test near me?. Check our lab finder to locate a collection ... Where can I find a Pneumococcal Antibody Titers (23 Serotypes), IgG test near me?. Check our lab finder to locate a collection ...

https://requestatest.com/pneumococcal-antibody-titers-igg-23-serotypes-ppsv23-pneumovax-test

Uncommon Salmonella serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 34b with two human isolates since it was first confirmed in New Zealand in 2003 and Salmonella Muenster with 11 human isolates since first confirmation in the country in 1994. (foodsafetynews.com)
Uncommon Salmonella serotypes confirmed in September were Salmonella Brunei with four human isolates since it was first confirmed in New Zealand in 1994 and Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 34 had six human isolates since first confirmation in the country in 2004. (foodsafetynews.com)
Slide agglutination of the 8 V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed presence of the O10:K4 serotype. (cdc.gov)
NC_011072.11) and Japan meropenem-nonsusceptible serotype 15A-ST63 isolate-specific recombination sites that were obtained in Genealogies Unbiased By recomBinations In Nucleotide Sequences ( 28 ) by using all clade I and clade I-MNS isolates. (cdc.gov)
The outside red bars indicate the recombination sites that were specific to meropenem-nonsusceptible serotype 15A-ST63 isolates and identified in all of these isolates. (cdc.gov)
Serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in paediatric patients after the introduction of 13-valent conjugate vaccine in a nationwide surveillance study conducted in Japan in 2012-2014. (cdc.gov)
Black flies collected from southern Arizona were evaluated for their vector competence to the Oaxaca and Camp Verde isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) (VSV-NJ). (ajtmh.org)
In the USA, the most prevalent serotype of the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, was serotype A. This serotype constituted 203 of 272 isolates from infections and 85 of 89 isolates from the environment. (elsevier.com)
Serotype B or C isolates were infrequent causes of infection, except in Southern California, and were not isolated at all from environmental sources. (elsevier.com)
In Southern California, the absence of serotypes B and C in 67 soil and pigeon dropping isolates was striking, considering that 25 of 49 isolates from infections were serotypes B or C. The site in nature where serotypes B and C exist is currently unknown but differs from that of serotypes A and D. Serotype D may be unusually prevalent in both environmental and patient isolates from Denmark and Italy. (elsevier.com)
Of 24 isolates from those countries, 21 were serotype D. (elsevier.com)
In the nonvaccine serotype isolates, significant increases in resistance were detected in the PCV13 period when compared with the pre-PCV period, including penicillin ( P =.0016) and erythromycin ( P =.0031). (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
We report that the nonhemolytic allele reported previously in serotype 1, sequence type (ST) 306 isolates is also present in a number of pneumococcal isolates of serotype 8 that belong to the ST53 lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
Although most serotype IV strains belonged to ST459 (CC1) or ST452 (CC23), the population also comprised ST3, ST196, ST710, ST711, ST291, ST682, and ST468 isolates, the latter a single-locus variant of ST452 ( 4 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
We used WGS analysis of 3 ST468 isolates recovered from neonates in Minnesota to test the hypothesis that recombination is a main driver of genetic diversity among serotype IV GBS. (cdc.gov)
With the inclusion of PCV13 in the National Immunization Program, continued monitoring of the prevailing serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolates in the Philippines is needed to guide disease and AMR control measures. (who.int)
Comparative genomic epidemiology of serotype 3 IPD and carriage isolates from Southampton, UK between 2005 and 2017. (bvsalud.org)
We present a genomic analysis of serotype 3 isolates from paediatric carriage and all-age invasive disease , collected between 2005 and 2017 in Southampton, UK. (bvsalud.org)
The virus isolates were examined for nucleic acid sequences in the 5′ noncoding regions (bases 480, 481, and 472 for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively) to determine whether the viruses shed represented nonattenuated revertants, attenuated parent vaccine strains (nonrevertants), or both. (wordpress.com)

O4:K68, O1:K36, and O1:KUT), all of which have genetic markers and molecular profiles similar to those of the O3:K6 pandemic strains, is a selective response to host immunologic pressure of the pandemic O3:K6 serotype of V. parahaemolyticus ( 2 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Ten strains of serotype O10:K4 V. parahaemolyticus were obtained from hospitalized patients. (cdc.gov)
This study investigates the complexity of antigenic cross-reactions between BTV strains belonging to different serotypes, by neutralising and/or total binding antibodies targeting VP2. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Sheep polyclonal reference antisera, raised against reference strains of the different BTV serotypes, were also used in this study. (nottingham.ac.uk)
In addition, prompt laboratory identification of STEC strains is essential for detecting new and emerging serotypes, for effective and timely outbreak responses and control measures, and for monitoring trends in disease epidemiology. (cdc.gov)
The reference strains representing serotypes 1 to 12 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 1 were examined for their ability to utilize porcine hemoglobin (Hb) or porcine hemin (Hm) as iron sources for growth. (canada.ca)
However, there is little known on the evolutionary origins of STEC O104 strains, and how genotypic diversity contributes to pathogenic potential of various O104 H-antigen serotypes isolated from different ecological niches and/or geographical regions.Two STEC O104:H21 (milk outbreak strain) and O104:H7 (cattle isolate) strains were shot-gun sequenced, and the genomes were closed. (pacb.com)
A hypothesis on strain evolution and pathogenic potential of various H-serotypes of E. coli O104 strains is proposed. (pacb.com)
To further understand the emergence of serotype IV group B Streptococcus (GBS) invasive disease, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize 3 sequence type 468 strains isolated from neonates in Minnesota, USA. (cdc.gov)
We recently reported increased frequency of isolation of both carriage and invasive serotype IV GBS in Minnesota, USA, and increased frequency of isolation of serotype IV strains causing invasive disease in 3 Canadian provinces ( 4 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
A total of 22 strains selected to have been serotyped and to represent all serotypes were investigated by whole genomic sequencing. (sruc.ac.uk)
Accurate identification of pathogenic strains requires consideration of both the biotype and the serotype because some strains can contain multiple cross-reacting O antigens. (medscape.com)

We determined the frequency of different serotypes of dengue virus to highlight its hyperendemicity in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (who.int)
Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. (ruc.dk)
VP2 is the least conserved of the BTV proteins and the nAbs, which are primarily BTV serotype-specific, can be used to identify different serotypes in neutralisation-assays. (nottingham.ac.uk)
A broad range of antigenic cross-reactivities were detected using the two panels of antisera, identifying serological relationships between different serotypes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Over 90 different serotypes exist, and nasopharyngeal carriage of multiple serotypes is common. (ox.ac.uk)

abstract = "Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 is a gram-negative enteropathogen that infects animals and humans. (qub.ac.uk)

Using a preliminary characterization procedure with Hm- or Hb-agarose, Hm- and Hb-binding outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of approximately 75 kDa were isolated from A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 strain 4074 grown under iron-restricted conditions. (canada.ca)

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi, the parasite that spreads through water and food, making the disease highly contagious. (howstuffworks.com)
Mary Mallon had at least 120 out of 163 stool samples test positive for Salmonella serotype Typhi. (howstuffworks.com)

Rise of multidrug-resistant non-vaccine serotype 15A Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United Kingdom, 2001 to 2014. (cdc.gov)
Dengue diagnosis, treatment and vaccine design: are efforts hampered by multiple serotypes and cross-reactivity with Zika? (pulsus.com)
After the implementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), in several countries, serotype 19A is now the serotype most frequently involved in pneumococcal diseases and carriage. (biomedcentral.com)
Around 2003, recombination occurred between the recipient ST695 serotype 4 and donor ST199 serotype 19A, simultaneously resulting in the non vaccine capsular type and penicillin intermediate-resistant ST695 19A pneumococci. (biomedcentral.com)
The marked decline in vaccine serotypes observed since PCV7 was implemented has made room for non vaccine serotypes (NVS) including 19A. (biomedcentral.com)
This test looks at antibodies to the same 23 serotypes which are included in the PPSV23 vaccine . (requestatest.com)
Serotype replacement was mainly mediated by the expansion of nonvaccine serotypes within vaccine-type Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters, and by increases in nonvaccine type Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
There is a growing public health need for effective preventive interventions against dengue, and a safe, effective and affordable dengue vaccine against the four serotypes would be a significant achievement for disease prevention and control. (preprints.org)
The PneuCarriage Project: A Multi-Centre Comparative Study to Identify the Best Serotyping Methods for Examining Pneumococcal Carriage in Vaccine Evaluation Studies. (ox.ac.uk)
There are concerns that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in sub-Saharan Africa sub-optimally interrupt Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine-serotype (VT) carriage and transmission. (liverpool.ac.uk)
This might be related to the emergence of non-vaccine S. pneumoniae serotypes after PCV7 introduction although it is suggested that evolutionary factors may have modified the virulence and the interactions of pneumococci. (elsevier.es)
Vaccine trial designs should account for the known period of cross-protection between serotypes and be extended to the period when enhanced disease could potentially occur, which means that trial design must include active surveillance of trial participants, ideally up to 4 to 5 years," she wrote. (umn.edu)
Importation and Circulation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Serotype 2, Senegal, 2020-2021. (rsdjournal.org)
Vaccine impact is unpredictable in a setting with novel genotypes and limited serotype coverage as described here. (ox.ac.uk)
The occurrence of infections due to serotypes not covered by the vaccine is increasing, which is also observed in other countries. (ssi.dk)
The occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotypes not covered by the vaccine has risen in recent years. (ssi.dk)

Four discrete but genetically similar serotypes of dengue virus, DENV 1-4, trigger a range of clinical symptoms from mild fever to severe haemorrhagic complications. (pulsus.com)
Still, the prospect of another serotype calls into question the intrinsic efficacy of anti-dengue vaccines and therapies founded on DENV 1-4 that are now being developed. (pulsus.com)
Nous avons déterminé la fréquence des différents sérotypes du virus de la dengue pour mettre en évidence son hyperendémicité à Rawalpindi (Pakistan). (who.int)
Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)
Is Liver Damage Dependent on the Serotype of Dengue Virus? (who.int)
The iCARE Dengue NS1 Rapid Testing Kit does not provide serotype information. (jalmedical.com)
The test does not give information about the serotype of the virus, but it does confirm the presence of antibodies to dengue IgM. (jalmedical.com)

In this project, purified serotype specific pneumococcal antigens from SSI Diagnostica and from ATCC were compared. (ruc.dk)

Outbreaks of Salmonella Serotype Enteritidis Infection Associated. (cdc.gov)
In 2020, a new serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10:K4 emerged and caused several outbreaks and sporadic cases in Guangxi, China. (cdc.gov)
Serotyping, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and whole-genome sequencing are now routine methods used in this surveillance system when V. parahaemolyticus is isolated during outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
In 2019, a total of 6 serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated and identified during outbreaks, and O3:K6 was predominant (68%, 42/62). (cdc.gov)
The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strain that produces CMY-2 beta-lactamase (Newport MDR-AmpC) was the source of sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans in France during 2000-2005. (pasteur.fr)
at least 150 STEC serotypes have been associated with outbreaks and sporadic illness ( 2-- 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Presence of nonhemolytic pneumolysin in serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with disease outbreaks. (ox.ac.uk)
Serotype 1 and 8 pneumococci are known to be associated with outbreaks of invasive disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Various H-serotypes of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104, including H4, H7, H21, and H¯, have been associated with sporadic cases of illness and have caused food-borne outbreaks globally. (pacb.com)

O10:K4 has since become the predominant (71%, 20/28) V. parahaemolyticus serotype in Guangxi. (cdc.gov)
Serotype 2 was predominant in our population followed by serotype 3. (who.int)
Therefore, this study investigated the pneumococcal lineages behind the predominant stereotypes, the mechanism of serotype replacement in disease, and the major pneumococcal lineages contributing to invasive pneumococcal disease in the postvaccine era and their antibiotic-resistant traits. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Predominant serotypes were identified by prevalence, and their major contributing lineages by country. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)

Transovarial transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) by experimentally infected Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lutzomyia ylephiletrix to their progeny was demonstrated. (utmb.edu)

During the PCV13 period, the 5 most prevalent serotypes varied between countries, with serotypes 5, 12F, 15B/C, 19A, 33F, and 35B/D being common between 2 or more countries. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Further, in different countries, the same prevalent nonvaccine serotypes could be associated with distinctive lineages and exhibited different antibiotic resistance profiles. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Age-adjusted incidence rates by neighborhood poverty level were also examined for the four most prevalent Salmonella serotypes in Connecticut for the overall time period and then for 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. (yale.edu)
We believe that these findings could be utilized in prevention efforts and in designing interventions geared toward specific populations by taking into account age, neighborhood poverty level, and the different trends for the four most prevalent Salmonella serotypes. (yale.edu)
A second pilus type in Streptococcus pneumoniae is prevalent in emerging serotypes and mediates adhesion to host cells. (sciendo.com)

Howard, Dexter H. / Epidemiologic differences among serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans . (elsevier.com)
Research into possible explanations for different incidence rates among serotypes by poverty level could provide additional insight. (yale.edu)

Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a rarely reported but emerging serotype of adenovirus that can cause severe and sometimes fatal respiratory illness in patients of all ages, including healthy young adults. (cdc.gov)
The most common member of the adenovirus family used is adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). (ukri.org)
We made a recent discovery that when injected into the bloodstream adenovirus serotype 5 becomes coated in one of our own proteins in the blood called a coagulation factor. (ukri.org)

Population structure and drug resistance patterns of emerging non-PCV-13 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 22F, 15A, and 8 isolated from adults in Ontario, Canada. (cdc.gov)
This study aimed to identify H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae serotypes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients with meningitis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (springer.com)
Co-infection with S. pneumoniae serotypes can occur in bacterial meningitis and it might be missed if all serotypes are not evaluated in CSF specimens. (springer.com)
Data are scarce on the prevailing Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in the Philippines, including the relative antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of these bacteria. (who.int)
Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Recovered from Hospitalized Adult Patients in the discovery, development and manufacture of health care https://castellmalgwyn.wales/where-can-i-get-farxiga/ products, including innovative medicines and vaccines. (beautivision.com)

We report a new serotype of V. parahaemolyticus , O10:K4, which emerged in 2020 and caused infections in the Beibu Gulf area of Guangxi. (cdc.gov)
In southern Taiwan, we encountered 3 cases of invasive infections caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis with resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. (elsevier.com)
C. trachomatis serotypes D to K associated with genital tract infections. (unboundmedicine.com)
Figures 2a and 2b show the number of detected cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in the period from 2000 through 2017 among a: children aged 0-5 years, and b: all ages and the corresponding pneumococcal serotypes that caused the infections. (ssi.dk)

Little is known about several of these less common serotype IV STs causing human disease, including their genomic makeup and antimicrobial drug resistance profiles. (cdc.gov)
The aim of the investigation was to predict the serotypes of M. haemolytica based on whole genomic sequences with the capsular gene region as target. (sruc.ac.uk)
The server allows serotypes of M. haemolytica to be predicted from whole genomic sequences and the service is available to the public for free from https://ivsmlst.sund.root.ku.dk. (sruc.ac.uk)

Serotype-specific antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide are produced during infection.At present, many countries follow the WHO pneumococcal ELISA IgG measurement protocol, in which polysaccharides from ATCC are used as antigens. (ruc.dk)
The NS1 antigen should be used for diagnosis only and is not a substitute for IgM antibodies in determining the serotype of infection. (jalmedical.com)

Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) is a gram-negative, non-sporulating and facultative anaerobic bacteria. (avensonline.org)
Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) was set apart and sequenced from epidemic in China, with compassion provided by the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention[ 4 ]. (avensonline.org)
Shigella flexneri serotype 5b (strain 8401) carry a circular chromosome which is 4,574,284 bp in length with GC content of 50.92% which encodes 97 tRNA [ 5,6 ]. (avensonline.org)
We next aligned the short reads to the genome of serotype IV ST452 strain NGBS572 (GenBank accession no. (cdc.gov)

The maximum work on the molecular pathogenesis of Shigella has been performed in S. flexneri serotypes 5 and 2a. (avensonline.org)

We report a case of an infant with polyarticular septic arthritis caused by H. influenzae serotype f. (hindawi.com)
Wound and blood cultures were positive for Haemophilus influenzae serotype f. (hindawi.com)
For H influenzae infection, PCR is more accurate than conventional methods of serotyping (slide agglutination method). (medscape.com)

Enhanced invasiveness of bovine-derived neonatal sequence type 17 group B streptococcus is independent of capsular serotype. (ox.ac.uk)
A single sequence type (ST-17), previously shown to be phylogenetically of bovine origin, was significantly associated with increased invasiveness in neonates (P=.00002), and this was independent of capsular serotype III. (ox.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced invasiveness associated with ST-17 is specific to neonates and is independent of capsular serotype. (ox.ac.uk)
Ten serotypes (Ia, Ib, II-IX) have been described on the basis of their capsular polysaccharide antigen ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Isolation, serotyping, antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration and phatogeneticity determination of erysipelothrixrhusiopathiae from tonsils of apparently healthy slaughter pigs. (ipb.ac.id)

With the additional selective advantage of penicillin non susceptibility, the ST695 19A variant continued to spread, becoming in 2007 the fourth most common serotype 19A clonal complex in the US [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In recent years, serotype specific polysaccharides from different producers have been tested in pneumococcal antibody assay's. (ruc.dk)
Where can I find a Pneumococcal Antibody Titers (23 Serotypes), IgG test near me? (requestatest.com)
IgM dominated the toddler antibody responses, and class switching to the IgG was serotype dependent. (ox.ac.uk)
Seropositive rates for antibody against poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were 94.1%, 96.7% and 78.3% respectively. (who.int)

Clinical implications of pneumococcal serotypes: invasive disease potential, clinical presentations, and antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
the IPD isolate was also resistant to oxacillin .In the Southampton area, carriage and invasive disease associated with serotype 3 is predominantly caused by Clade Iα CC180 GPSC12. (bvsalud.org)

Although pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have significantly reduced the global burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in children by targeting up to 13 pneumococcal serotypes that account for most of the disease in infants, invasive pneumococcal disease remains a health priority because of an increase in disease incidence caused by nonvaccine serotypes or serotype replacement. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
In addition, serotype replacement was assessed by comparing pre-PCV and PCV period incidence rates for the United States, Israel, and South Africa. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
The objectives of this study were to examine: 1) the relationship between the incidence of all Salmonella serotypes and neighborhood poverty level (overall, by age group, and over time), and 2) whether the association between the incidence of Salmonella and neighborhood poverty level differs by serotype for the four most common serotypes seen in Connecticut from 2000-2011. (yale.edu)
Different Salmonella serotypes exhibited different trends in incidence related to neighborhood poverty level. (yale.edu)

Mouse immunization using 3ED3 and 4ED3 generated serotype-specific antisera, as expected. (apjtm.org)
Similarly, most epitope- grafted ED3s produced antisera serospecific to the template ED3 with little or no cross-recognition of ED3 of the serotype from which the epitopes were taken. (apjtm.org)

Fibrinogen-binding proteins were found in the culture supernatants of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 (ATCC 43270) and Pasteurella trehalosi serotype 10 (ECO-100). (usda.gov)

Pneumococcal lineages associated with serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance in childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in the post-PCV13 era: an international whole-genome sequencing study [published online June 10, 2019]. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Genome sequencing and comparative genomics provides insights on the evolutionary dynamics and pathogenic potential of different H-serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104. (pacb.com)

The Center, funded by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), provides a representative and prospective surveillance of the circulating pneumococcal serotypes and their resistance to antibiotics. (unibe.ch)
Recently, antimicrobial resistance among nontyphoid Salmonella serotypes has been increasingly recognized. (elsevier.com)

An outer membrane protein (OMP) was identified by screening a phage library of 3~8kb random DNA fragments of A. pleuropneumonia serotype 7. (annexpublishers.com)

Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella serotypes in water samples. (oregonstate.edu)

Typical and atypical EPEC also differ in genetic characteristics, serotypes, and virulence properties. (cdc.gov)

Previous studies have characterized serotype replacement in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease , but primarily focused on changes in serotypes. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Laboratory monitoring data preceding the introduction of PCV-7 demonstrated that 64% of all cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children up to 5 years of age were caused by pneumococcal serotypes included in the PCV-7 and 91% of IPD in the same age group were caused by serotypes included in the PCV-13, EPI-NEWS 37a/07 and 37b/07. (ssi.dk)
Since 1 October 2007, it has been a statutory obligation in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease to submit the pneumococcal isolate for serotyping at Statens Serum Institut. (ssi.dk)

Vesicular Stomatitis (VSV)-Indiana serotype has recently been found in horses in Texas, New Mexico and, most recently, Colorado. (northernag.net)

STEC serotypes are named according to their somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens. (cdc.gov)
The serotyping is based on O and H antigens. (medscape.com)

Characterization of the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT2 in Egypt. (jefferson.edu)

Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) accounts for an increasing proportion of all Salmonella serotypes reported to CDC's National Salmonella Surveillance System. (cdc.gov)
Salmonella Bovismorbificans was the most common serotype confirmed in October in New Zealand, according to monthly surveillance data. (foodsafetynews.com)
The new serotype may become dominant, warranting enhanced investigations and surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Although better measurement over long time was expected for the second part of the post-vaccination surveillance, variation in serotype-specific efficacy needs careful consideration. (preprints.org)

Serotype 3 pneumococci remains a significant cause of disease despite its inclusion in PCV13. (bvsalud.org)

In the PCV13 period, Global Pneumococcal Sequence Cluster 3 was the most common lineage causing nonvaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease, and it expressed invasive serotypes 33F in the United States and 8 in South Africa. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of three serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. (ox.ac.uk)
Foot-and-mouth disease viruses from serotypes O, A and C have been crystallized. (ox.ac.uk)

Identify, for a particular delivery strategy (adeno-associated virus vectors), the importance of the various serotypes available. (sfn.org)

Overall, nine samples were positive for two serotypes, of whom 3 and 11A were the most common from Tehran province. (springer.com)
Therefore, identifying common serotypes of the causative agents in a population may be helpful to tailor specific vaccines to each population and this will affect the national vaccination program and costs [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
Except for serotype 5 (Global Pneumococcal Sequence Cluster 8), all the common serotypes were associated with more than 1 lineage. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms41

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care9

Longitudinal evaluation of serovar-specific immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (1/7746)

Serotypes and virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs and cats. (2/7746)

Ribotypes of clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains in relation to O-serotypes. (3/7746)

Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage-type DT104 among salmonellae causing enteritis in Israel. (4/7746)

Risk factors for the occurrence of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in children in France: a national case-control study. (5/7746)

High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan. (6/7746)

Infection rate of Leptospira interrogans in the field rodent, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea. (7/7746)

Biodiversity of Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from fish in Europe, Asia, and Australia. (8/7746)

Serotyping

Agglutination Tests

Bacterial Typing Techniques

O Antigens

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter Infections

Pneumococcal Infections

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Antigens, Bacterial

DNA, Bacterial

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Campylobacter

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

Campylobacter jejuni

Bacterial Capsules

Salmonella enterica

Streptococcus agalactiae

Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Molecular Typing

Bacteriophage Typing

Pasteurella multocida

Streptococcal Infections

Disease Outbreaks

Salmonella

Campylobacter coli

Neisseria meningitidis

Nasopharynx

DNA Fingerprinting

Agglutination

Immune Sera

Genotype

Haemophilus

Pleuropneumonia

Ureaplasma

Carrier State

Hemagglutination Tests

Pasteurella Infections

Klebsiella

Sensitivity and Specificity

Cross Reactions

Molecular Epidemiology

Antibodies, Bacterial

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Food Microbiology

Multilocus Sequence Typing

Feces

Ribotyping

Salmonella Infections

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Latex Fixation Tests

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Hantavirus Infections

Flagellin

Rotavirus

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Molecular Sequence Data

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Diarrhea

Ureaplasma Infections

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

Psittaciformes

Swine Diseases

Swine Erysipelas

Enteritis

Haemophilus Infections

Gastroenteritis

Pneumococcal Vaccines

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Providencia

Shigella

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Erysipelothrix

Escherichia coli Infections

Poultry Diseases

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins