Sequence alignment. Medical search

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

The act of testing the software for compliance with a standard.

The degree of 3-dimensional shape similarity between proteins. It can be an indication of distant AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and used for rational DRUG DESIGN.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Computer-assisted analysis and processing of problems in a particular area.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

Text editing and storage functions using computer software.

Databases containing information about NUCLEIC ACIDS such as BASE SEQUENCE; SNPS; NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATION; and other properties. Information about the DNA fragments kept in a GENE LIBRARY or GENOMIC LIBRARY is often maintained in DNA databases.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.

In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Specifications and instructions applied to the software.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A mutation named with the blend of insertion and deletion. It refers to a length difference between two ALLELES where it is unknowable if the difference was originally caused by a SEQUENCE INSERTION or by a SEQUENCE DELETION. If the number of nucleotides in the insertion/deletion is not divisible by three, and it occurs in a protein coding region, it is also a FRAMESHIFT MUTATION.

Specific languages used to prepare computer programs.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Software designed to store, manipulate, manage, and control data for specific uses.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

The construction or arrangement of a task so that it may be done with the greatest possible efficiency.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

The measure of that part of the heat or energy of a system which is not available to perform work. Entropy increases in all natural (spontaneous and irreversible) processes. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

A family of parasitic organisms in the order EIMERIIDAE. They form tissue-cysts in their intermediate hosts, ultimately leading to pathogenesis in the final hosts that includes various mammals (including humans) and birds. The most important genera include NEOSPORA; SARCOCYSTIS; and TOXOPLASMA.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

Method of measuring performance against established standards of best practice.

Information application based on a variety of coding methods to minimize the amount of data to be stored, retrieved, or transmitted. Data compression can be applied to various forms of data, such as images and signals. It is used to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the maintenance of large volumes of data.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

A small order of primarily marine fish containing 340 species. Most have a rotund or box-like shape. TETRODOTOXIN is found in their liver and ovaries.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Genes whose nucleotide sequences overlap to some degree. The overlapped sequences may involve structural or regulatory genes of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Commonly observed BASE SEQUENCE or nucleotide structural components which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE or a SEQUENCE LOGO.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.

Computerized compilations of information units (text, sound, graphics, and/or video) interconnected by logical nonlinear linkages that enable users to follow optimal paths through the material and also the systems used to create and display this information. (From Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)

The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions.

Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.

Computer-assisted interpretation and analysis of various mathematical functions related to a particular problem.

Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

DNA-binding domains present in proteins of the HMG-box superfamily including the archetypal HMGB PROTEINS, a number of sequence specific TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, and other DNA-BINDING PROTEINS. The domains consist of 70-80 amino acids that form an L-shaped fold from three alpha-helical segments. The domain has the capacity to recognize and/or induce specific DNA structures and effect the accessibility of the DNA to other proteins involved in transcription, recombination, or DNA repair. (Note that not all HIGH MOBILITY GROUP PROTEINS contain this domain.)

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode".

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Systematic organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of specialized information, especially of a scientific or technical nature (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983). It often involves authenticating or validating information.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

An agency of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to advancement of medical and related sciences. Major activities of this institute include the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information important to the progress of medicine and health, research in medical informatics and support for medical library development.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Proteins found in any species of archaeon.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.

Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The accumulation of an electric charge on a object

A representation, generally small in scale, to show the structure, construction, or appearance of something. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

A genus of anaerobic coccoid METHANOCOCCACEAE whose organisms are motile by means of polar tufts of flagella. These methanogens are found in salt marshes, marine and estuarine sediments, and the intestinal tract of animals.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Intracellular signalling: PDK1--a kinase at the hub of things. (1/38700)

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is at the hub of many signalling pathways, activating PKB and PKC isoenzymes, as well as p70 S6 kinase and perhaps PKA. PDK1 action is determined by colocalization with substrate and by target site availability, features that may enable it to operate in both resting and stimulated cells. (+info)

Molecular phylogeny of the ETS gene family. (2/38700)

We have constructed a molecular phylogeny of the ETS gene family. By distance and parsimony analysis of the ETS conserved domains we show that the family containing so far 29 different genes in vertebrates can be divided into 13 groups of genes namely ETS, ER71, GABP, PEA3, ERG, ERF, ELK, DETS4, ELF, ESE, TEL, YAN, SPI. Since the three dimensional structure of the ETS domain has revealed a similarity with the winged-helix-turn-helix proteins, we used two of them (CAP and HSF) to root the tree. This allowed us to show that the family can be divided into five subfamilies: ETS, DETS4, ELF, TEL and SPI. The ETS subfamily comprises the ETS, ER71, GABP, PEA3, ERG, ERF and the ELK groups which appear more related to each other than to any other ETS family members. The fact that some members of these subfamilies were identified in early metazoans such as diploblasts and sponges suggests that the diversification of ETS family genes predates the diversification of metazoans. By the combined analysis of both the ETS and the PNT domains, which are conserved in some members of the family, we showed that the GABP group, and not the ERG group, is the one most closely related to the ETS group. We also observed that the speed of accumulation of mutations in the various genes of the family is highly variable. Noticeably, paralogous members of the ELK group exhibit strikingly different evolutionary speed suggesting that the evolutionary pressure they support is very different. (+info)

Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S. (3/38700)

The lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins S and L play crucial roles in the degradation of the invariant chain during maturation of MHC class II molecules and antigen processing. The p41 form of the invariant chain includes a fragment which specifically inhibits cathepsin L but not S. The crystal structure of the p41 fragment, a homologue of the thyroglobulin type-1 domains, has been determined at 2.0 A resolution in complex with cathepsin L. The structure of the p41 fragment demonstrates a novel fold, consisting of two subdomains, each stabilized by disulfide bridges. The first subdomain is an alpha-helix-beta-strand arrangement, whereas the second subdomain has a predominantly beta-strand arrangement. The wedge shape and three-loop arrangement of the p41 fragment bound to the active site cleft of cathepsin L are reminiscent of the inhibitory edge of cystatins, thus demonstrating the first example of convergent evolution observed in cysteine protease inhibitors. However, the different fold of the p41 fragment results in additional contacts with the top of the R-domain of the enzymes, which defines the specificity-determining S2 and S1' substrate-binding sites. This enables inhibitors based on the thyroglobulin type-1 domain fold, in contrast to the rather non-selective cystatins, to exhibit specificity for their target enzymes. (+info)

A single membrane-embedded negative charge is critical for recognizing positively charged drugs by the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance protein MdfA. (4/38700)

The nature of the broad substrate specificity phenomenon, as manifested by multidrug resistance proteins, is not yet understood. In the Escherichia coli multidrug transporter, MdfA, the hydrophobicity profile and PhoA fusion analysis have so far identified only one membrane-embedded charged amino acid residue (E26). In order to determine whether this negatively charged residue may play a role in multidrug recognition, we evaluated the expression and function of MdfA constructs mutated at this position. Replacing E26 with the positively charged residue lysine abolished the multidrug resistance activity against positively charged drugs, but retained chloramphenicol efflux and resistance. In contrast, when the negative charge was preserved in a mutant with aspartate instead of E26, chloramphenicol recognition and transport were drastically inhibited; however, the mutant exhibited almost wild-type multidrug resistance activity against lipophilic cations. These results suggest that although the negative charge at position 26 is not essential for active transport, it dictates the multidrug resistance character of MdfA. We show that such a negative charge is also found in other drug resistance transporters, and its possible significance regarding multidrug resistance is discussed. (+info)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (5/38700)

A new insect member of the STAT family of transcription factors (Ag-STAT) has been cloned from the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the SH2 domain are well conserved. Ag-STAT is most similar to Drosophila D-STAT and to vertebrate STATs 5 and 6, constituting a proposed ancient class A of the STAT family. The mRNA is expressed at all developmental stages, and the protein is present in hemocytes, pericardial cells, midgut, skeletal muscle and fat body cells. There is no evidence of transcriptional activation following bacterial challenge. However, bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation of Ag-STAT protein in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H2O2) translocates Ag-STAT to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells. This is the first evidence of direct participation of the STAT pathway in immune responses in insects. (+info)

Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. (6/38700)

Gene expression in higher eukaryotes appears to be regulated by specific combinations of transcription factors binding to regulatory sequences. The Ets factor PU.1 and the IRF protein Pip (IRF-4) represent a pair of interacting transcription factors implicated in regulating B cell-specific gene expression. Pip is recruited to its binding site on DNA by phosphorylated PU.1. PU.1-Pip interaction is shown to be template directed and involves two distinct protein-protein interaction surfaces: (i) the ets and IRF DNA-binding domains; and (ii) the phosphorylated PEST region of PU.1 and a lysine-requiring putative alpha-helix in Pip. Thus, a coordinated set of protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts are essential for PU.1-Pip ternary complex assembly. To analyze the function of these factors in vivo, we engineered chimeric repressors containing the ets and IRF DNA-binding domains connected by a flexible POU domain linker. When stably expressed, the wild-type fused dimer strongly repressed the expression of a rearranged immunoglobulin lambda gene, thereby establishing the functional importance of PU.1-Pip complexes in B cell gene expression. Comparative analysis of the wild-type dimer with a series of mutant dimers distinguished a gene regulated by PU.1 and Pip from one regulated by PU.1 alone. This strategy should prove generally useful in analyzing the function of interacting transcription factors in vivo, and for identifying novel genes regulated by such complexes. (+info)

Analysis of two cosmid clones from chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster reveals two new genes amid an unusual arrangement of repeated sequences. (7/38700)

Chromosome 4 from Drosophila melanogaster has several unusual features that distinguish it from the other chromosomes. These include a diffuse appearance in salivary gland polytene chromosomes, an absence of recombination, and the variegated expression of P-element transgenes. As part of a larger project to understand these properties, we are assembling a physical map of this chromosome. Here we report the sequence of two cosmids representing approximately 5% of the polytenized region. Both cosmid clones contain numerous repeated DNA sequences, as identified by cross hybridization with labeled genomic DNA, BLAST searches, and dot matrix analysis, which are positioned between and within the transcribed sequences. The repetitive sequences include three copies of the mobile element Hoppel, one copy of the mobile element HB, and 18 DINE repeats. DINE is a novel, short repeated sequence dispersed throughout both cosmid sequences. One cosmid includes the previously described cubitus interruptus (ci) gene and two new genes: that a gene with a predicted amino acid sequence similar to ribosomal protein S3a which is consistent with the Minute(4)101 locus thought to be in the region, and a novel member of the protein family that includes plexin and met-hepatocyte growth factor receptor. The other cosmid contains only the two short 5'-most exons from the zinc-finger-homolog-2 (zfh-2) gene. This is the first extensive sequence analysis of noncoding DNA from chromosome 4. The distribution of the various repeats suggests its organization is similar to the beta-heterochromatic regions near the base of the major chromosome arms. Such a pattern may account for the diffuse banding of the polytene chromosome 4 and the variegation of many P-element transgenes on the chromosome. (+info)

The mouse Aire gene: comparative genomic sequencing, gene organization, and expression. (8/38700)

Mutations in the human AIRE gene (hAIRE) result in the development of an autoimmune disease named APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy; OMIM 240300). Previously, we have cloned hAIRE and shown that it codes for a putative transcription-associated factor. Here we report the cloning and characterization of Aire, the murine ortholog of hAIRE. Comparative genomic sequencing revealed that the structure of the AIRE gene is highly conserved between human and mouse. The conceptual proteins share 73% homology and feature the same typical functional domains in both species. RT-PCR analysis detected three splice variant isoforms in various mouse tissues, and interestingly one isoform was conserved in human, suggesting potential biological relevance of this product. In situ hybridization on mouse and human histological sections showed that AIRE expression pattern was mainly restricted to a few cells in the thymus, calling for a tissue-specific function of the gene product. (+info)

Figure 1: Needleman-Wunsch pairwise sequence alignment Results: Sequences Best alignments --------- ---------------------- ... a Fast Optimal Global Sequence Alignment Algorithm (FOGSAA),[9] suggested alignment of nucleotide/protein sequences faster than ... Needleman-Wunsch alignment for two nucleotide sequences. *MathWorks - Globally align two sequences using Needleman-Wunsch ... Sequence alignment. References[edit]. *^ a b c Needleman, Saul B. & Wunsch, Christian D. (1970). "A general method applicable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needleman–Wunsch_algorithm

BWT for Sequence Alignment *The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques at the end of the 2000s decade has led to ... In an effort to reduce the memory requirement for sequence alignment, several alignment programs were developed (Bowtie,[12] ... BWT for Sequence Prediction *BWT has also been proved to be useful on sequence prediction which is a common area of study in ... "Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome". Genome Biology. 10 (3): R25. doi:10.1186/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrows–Wheeler_transform

Sequence alignments (BLAST). *Mutants and transgenic lines. *Anatomy. *Genetic maps. ZFIN also maintains a database of ... Sequence databases: GenBank, European Nucleotide Archive and DNA Data Bank of Japan ... Secondary databases: UniProt, database of protein sequences grouping together Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and Protein Information ... Abundant links to external sequence databases (e.g., GenBank) and to genome browsers are included. Gene product, gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish_Information_Network

Web access to CLUSTALW multiple sequence alignment. *Web access to the T-Coffee multiple sequence alignment ... Sequence Manipulation Suite (SMS). Installing to hard disk[edit]. One of the more intriguing features of Slax-based ... Web access to the Sequence Manipulation Suite, SMS2. Users with SSH access to the server also had access to many more command ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSLAX

"Sequence Alignment". ALIGN. Archived from the original on 11 August 2003. Retrieved 8 May 2013.. ... In humans, these SH3 domains have a common amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Leu. This sequence motif is also conserved in other ... Sequence identity was calculated using available sequence data and ALIGN software. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000214193 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SH3D21

... for optimal local alignments. The alignment of unrelated sequences tends to produce optimal local alignment scores which follow ... being the length of the shorter sequence.. Gap penalty example[edit]. Take the alignment of sequences TACGGGCCCGCTAC. and ... Sequence alignment can also reveal conserved domains and motifs.. One motivation for local alignment is the difficulty of ... Take the alignment of DNA sequences TGTTACGG. and GGTTGACTA. as an example. Use the following scheme:. *Substitution matrix: s ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith-Waterman

"Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment". PNAS. 112 (41): 12752-12757. Bibcode:2015PNAS.. ... there was an east-west genetic alignment, resulting from a rice-based population expansion, in the southern part of East Asia: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_peoples

Sequence alignment[edit]. In genetics, sequence alignment is an important application where dynamic programming is essential.[ ... The Needleman-Wunsch algorithm and other algorithms used in bioinformatics, including sequence alignment, structural alignment ... To do so, we define a sequence of value functions V. t. (. k. ). {\displaystyle V_{t}(k)}. , for t. =. 0. ,. 1. ,. 2. ,. …. ,. ... Fibonacci sequence[edit]. Using dynamic programming in the calculation of the nth member of the Fibonacci sequence improves its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming

"Clustal Omega". Multiple Sequence Alignment. EMBL-EBI. Retrieved February 17, 2020. "Compute pI/Mw Tool". ExPASy. ... In research, the sequence has been identified as containing a possible pathogenic recessive variant (K53N) for various ... Using the Genomatix tool Gene2Promoter, C16orf90 was found to have 4 possible promoter sequences. The promoter set 3, GXP_ ... The orthologs are sorted by increasing date of divergence and sequence similarity. C16orf90 is limited to mammals but is found ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C16orf90

"Multiple Sequence Alignment". Multiple Sequence Alignment. ClustalW. "TimeTree of Life". TimeTree. "WebLogo Database". WebLogo ... The sequence always begins with a polar glycine and a hydrophobic valine. There is also a conserved basic arginine within the ... Myristoylation sites are found in the protein sequence 17 times, and a zinc finger domain motif occurs once. The presence of ... Several transcription factors are predicted to bind to the promoter sequence. Some examples include: X-box binding factors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOC101928193

"Multiple Sequence Alignment". Clustal Omega. "Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". NCBI. "NCBI Blast". blast.ncbi.gov. "Clustal ... When multiple sequence alignments were made, the zinc finger binding domains were the areas with the most conservation. ZNF800 ... a BLAT search of the fungus sequence in the human domain gave no results, which lead to the conclusion that these sequences are ... The protein is made in small amounts, potentially due to the unfavorability of its Kozak sequence as compared to that of more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_Finger_Protein_800

Point mutation Sequence alignment Margaret Dayhoff Molecular clock BLOSUM BLAST Campbell NA, Reece JB, Meyers N, Urry LA, Cain ... In bioinformatics, PAM matrices are regularly used as substitution matrices to score sequence alignments for proteins. Each ... Pevsner J (2009). "Pairwise Sequence Alignment". Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 58-68. ... are also used as a scoring matrix when comparing DNA sequences or protein sequences to judge the quality of the alignment. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_accepted_mutation

"Multiple Sequence Alignment". ClustalW. Kyoto University Bioinformatics Center. Retrieved 28 March 2018. "BoxShade Server". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17orf50

The main diagonal represents the sequence's alignment with itself; lines off the main diagonal represent similar or repetitive ... Note, that the sequences can be written backwards or forwards, however the sequences on both axes must be written in the same ... Dot plots compare two sequences by organizing one sequence on the x-axis, and another on the y-axis, of a plot. When the ... Its Use with Amino Acid and Nucleotide Sequences". Eur. J. Biochem. 16: 1-11. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01046.x.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_plot_

An Appraisal of Benchmarks for Multiple Sequence Alignment". Multiple Sequence Alignment Methods. Methods in Molecular Biology ... These tests assess the likelihood of the gene sequence alignment when the reference topology is given as the null hypothesis. ... Given simulated sequences which have HGT, analysis of those sequences using the methods of interest and comparison of their ... The donor sequences are inserted into the host unchanged or can be further evolved by simulation, e.g., using the tools ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferring_horizontal_gene_transfer

"Multiple Sequence Alignment - CLUSTALW". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". www.timetree ... The coding sequence for the C15orf39 mRNA is 4443 base pairs long. The C15orf39 gene produces seven mRNA transcripts, with the ... C15orf39's sequence has diverged at a quicker rate than the quickly evolving fibrinogen protein in humans. . . . . . . . [email protected] ... The phylogenetic tree below, shows the evolutionary relationship of the C15orf39 protein sequence in its orthologs. The graph ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C15orf39

"Multiple Sequence Alignment - CLUSTALW". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2019-08-08. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org ... "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-01. Human C1orf21 genome location and ... 2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40-45. doi:10.1038/ ... 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315-321. Bibcode:2006Natur.441.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1orf21

"Multiple Sequence Alignment - CLUSTALW". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast ... Multiple sequence alignments using ClustalW provided evidence that the DUF in C19orf44 is highly conserved in its orthologs. ... "Multiple Sequence Alignment - CLUSTALW". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2018-02-25. Vinayagam A, Stelzl U, Foulle R, Plassmann S, ... The amino acid sequence for C19orf44 was found to be serine rich using tools on EMBL-EBI. Additionally, there is a domain of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19orf44

"Multiple Sequence Alignment - CLUSTALW". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "Ensembl entry on FAM71E1 Gene Tree". EMBL-EBI. " ... "Clustal Omega < Multiple Sequence Alignment < EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "Kann Laboratory- Domain Mapping ... "FAM71E1 family with sequence similarity 71 member E1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". NCBI Gene. "SPIB Gene". www.genecards.org. ... FAM71E1, also known as Family With Sequence Similarity 71 Member E1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM71E1 gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM71E1

"Multiple Sequence Alignment - CLUSTALW". www.genome.jp. Retrieved 2019-07-03. "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org ... "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-01. Attribution: Contains public domain ... This structure was predicted by analyzing the amino acid sequence using I-TASSER. The final result can be seen below. Predicted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRR16

"Clustal Omega < Multiple Sequence Alignment < EMBL-EBI". ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-11. "Multiple Sequence Alignment - ... "SAPS < Sequence Statistics < EMBL-EBI". ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "PTM prediction tools". cbs.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2018-05- ... "FAM219A family with sequence similarity 219 member A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-05 ... "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "RecName: Full=Protein FAM219B - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9orf25

Gerhard Jäger, "Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment." PNAS vol. 112 no. 41, 12752-12757, doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaic

Templates can be found using sequence alignment methods (e.g. BLAST or HHsearch) or protein threading methods, which are better ... If the given sequence is found to be related by common descent to a protein sequence of known structure (called a template), ... The comparison is shown visually by cumulative plots of distances between pairs of equivalents α-carbon in the alignment of the ... goal of CASP is to help advance the methods of identifying protein three-dimensional structure from its amino acid sequence, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASP

... is a multiple sequence alignment program based on sequence annealing. This approach consists of building up the multiple ... S. Schwartz, A.; Pachter, L. (19 January 2007). "Multiple alignment by sequence annealing". Bioinformatics. 23 (2): e24-e29. ... This program accepts sequences in FASTA format. The output format includes: FASTA format, Clustal. ... alignment one match at a time, thereby circumventing many of the problems of progressive alignment. The AMAP parameters can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMAP

Output alignments include homology information for sequences at internal nodes of the tree. Sequence alignment software ... BAli-Phy is a free software program for simultaneously estimating a multiple sequence alignment and its phylogenetic tree. BAli ... BAli-Phy takes alignment uncertainty into account while estimating the phylogeny by averaging over possible alignments. Unlike ... Alignment uncertainty stems from two main sources: near-optimal alignments and evolutionary parameter uncertainty. Evolutionary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAli-Phy

Phylogeny Sequence alignment Whelan, Simon; de Bakker Paul I W; Quevillon Emmanuel; Rodriguez Nicolas; Goldman Nick (Jan 2006 ... PANDIT is a database of multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees covering many common protein domains. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANDIT_(database)

See multiple sequence alignment below. Annotated diagram of the TMEM229b gene (with its 3 exons), mature mRNA and protein ... Expressed sequence tag mapping of TMEM229B gene expression indicates that it is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "NCBI Nuceleotide BLAST". Basic Local Alignment Search. "EST profile: TMEM229B". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM229B

These sequences are clustered and aligned into multiple sequence alignments, from which the profile HMMs in uniprot20 are ... It can build high-quality multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) starting from a single query sequence or MSA. From the query, a ... By using MSAs instead of single sequences, the sensitivity of sequence searches and the quality of the resulting sequence ... It contains programs that can search for similar protein sequences in protein sequence databases. Sequence searches are a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HH-suite

Bishop, Martin J.; Thompson, Elizabeth A. (20 July 1986). "Maximum likelihood alignment of DNA sequences". Journal of Molecular ... An observation sequence is given by Y = ( Y 1 = y 1 , Y 2 = y 2 , … , Y T = y T ) {\displaystyle Y=(Y_{1}=y_{1},Y_{2}=y_{2},\ ... This is equivalent to the number of times state i is observed in the sequence from t = 1 to t = T − 1. b i ∗ ( v k ) = ∑ t = 1 ... For example, the probability of the sequence NN and the state being S 1 {\displaystyle S_{1}} then S 2 {\displaystyle S_{2}} is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baum–Welch_algorithm

Sequence databases: import, maintain, view, and export sequences. Multiple sequence alignment: align sequences of DNA, RNA, or ... Sequence alignment software Wright ES (2015). "DECIPHER: harnessing local sequence context to improve protein multiple sequence ... Genome alignment: find and align the syntenic regions of multiple genomes. Oligonucleotide design: primer design for polymerase ... Manipulate sequences: trim low quality regions, correct frameshifts, reorient nucleotides, determine consensus, or digest with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECIPHER_(software)

Once a region of DNA is identified as contributing to a phenotype, it can be sequenced. The DNA sequence of any genes in this ... "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 18 February 2018.. ... This can be done using BLAST, an online tool that allows users to enter a primary sequence and search for similar sequences ... If the genome is not available, it may be an option to sequence the identified region and determine the putative functions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_inheritance

The figure has the same harmonic sequence as the earlier offbeat/onbeat example, but rhythmically, the attack-point sequence of ... Clave direction is relative while clave alignment is absolute. If you walk from New York to Miami, you're walking south; if you ... When used in popular music (such as songo, timba or Latin jazz) rumba clave can be perceived in either a 3-2 or 2-3 sequence. ... The following I-IV-V-IV progression is in a 3-2 clave sequence. It begins with an offbeat pick-up on the pulse immediately ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)

There is a regularity in these angles and they follow the numbers in a Fibonacci sequence: 1/2, 2/3, 3/5, 5/8, 8/13, 13/21, 21/ ... However, horizontal alignment maximizes exposure to bending forces and failure from stresses such as wind, snow, hail, falling ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

... a comparison of alignment, implied alignment and analysis methods". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 73 (4): 399-410. doi:10.1093/ ... The California two-spot octopus has had its genome sequenced, allowing exploration of its molecular adaptations.[151] Having ... Octopuses and other coleoid cephalopods are capable of greater RNA editing (which involves changes to the nucleic acid sequence ... The arms can be described based on side and sequence position (such as L1, R1, L2, R2) and divided into four pairs.[23][22] The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

Bulk submissions of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST), Sequence-tagged site (STS), Genome Survey Sequence (GSS), and High-Throughput ... Public databases which may be searched using the National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search ... The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their ... lack peer-reviewed sequences of type strains and sequences of non-type strains. On the other hand, while commercial databases ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/GenBank

The phase of production of new mental units in the first half and their alignment in the second half. This sequence relates ... When a child realizes that the sequencing of the if ... then connectives in language is associated with situations in which the ... Pascual-Leone aligned this sequence with a single line of development of mental power that goes from one to seven mental units ... There is only one sequence of orders of hierarchical complexity.. *Hence, there is structure of the whole for ideal task ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Piagetian_theories_of_cognitive_development

"Sense from Sequences: Stephen F. Altschul on Bettering BLAST". 2000. Arhivirano s originala, 7. 10. 2007.. ... Altschul Stephen; Gish Warren; Miller Webb; Myers Eugene; Lipman David (1990). "Basic local alignment search tool". Journal of ... 8. 2007). GenBank: The Nucleotide Sequence Database. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) - preko www.ncbi.nlm. ... Madden T. (2002). The NCBI Handbook, 2nd edition, Chapter 16, The BLAST Sequence Analysis Tool ...

https://bs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalni_centar_za_biotehnološke_informacije

Mapping this number as a binary value to a sequence of 4 bytes in memory in big-endian style also writes the bytes from left to ... The ARM architecture can also produce this format when writing a 32-bit word to an address 2 bytes from a 32-bit word alignment ... Computer memory consists of a sequence of storage cells. Each cell is identified in hardware and software by its memory address ... Little-endian format reverses this order: the sequence addresses/sends/stores the least significant byte first (lowest address ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Endian

... improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap ... C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology". ... Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium (2005). "Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human ... A novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment". Journal of Molecular Biology 302 (1): 205-217.. ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloxía_computacional

Multiple sequence alignment. *[email protected] *Metagenomics. If you plan to start a new article, please contact WikiProject ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computational_Biology/ISCB_competition_announcement_2015

The first NMR spectra reported for a uniform low molecular weight native-sequence DNA, made with restriction enzymes, was ... information can be obtained through residual dipolar coupling experiments in a medium which imposes a weak alignment on the ... such as saturating the solvent signal before the normal pulse sequence ("presaturation"), which works best a low temperature to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy_of_nucleic_acids

Vowel Sequences[edit]. iu,io,ia uo eu,ei,ea o au,ai,ae a:. Consonants[7][edit]. The Dom consonant system consists of 13 ... Demonstratives with spatial alignment:[21] proximal medium distal without vertical alignment ˥ya ˥˩sipi ... or the otherwise non-existent sequence [lk], which is used only by elderly people or in official situations. Brackets "()" show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_language

F3 main-sequence star orbiting at a distance of 2,400 astronomical units (AU),[13] and Polaris Ab (or P), a very close F6 main- ... Polar alignment. *Regiment of the North Pole. *Polaris in fiction. *Polaris Australis ... sequence star with a mass of 1.26 M. ☉. Polaris B can be seen with a modest telescope. William Herschel discovered the star in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Star

Structure XI, positioned adjacent to Structure X, was assembled first based on the ceramic sequence of materials found.[3] ... 2004). Astronomical Alignments in Río Bec Architecture. Archaeoastronomy,18, 98-107. External links[edit]. Media related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicanná

It is common to classify such engines by the number and alignment of cylinders and total volume of displacement of gas by the ... Internal combustion engines operate through a sequence of strokes that admit and remove gases to and from the cylinder. These ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_engine

List of sequence alignment software. *List of systems biology visualization software. M. *MacVector ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bioinformatics_software

... such as magnetic alignment sequences, radiological criteria, etcetera.) as well as encouraging an international and open debate ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy

The original measurement method was technically difficult and unreliable because of the nearly coaxial alignment of the optic ... the method by adding a camera and an image processing software capable of recognizing venous pulsations from a sequence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_intracranial_pressure_measurement_methods

Class I has two highly conserved sequence motifs. It aminoacylates at the 2'-OH of a terminal adenosine nucleotide on tRNA, and ... Alignment of the core domains of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases class I and class II. Essential binding site residues (Backbone ... For instance, one can start with the gene for a protein that binds a certain sequence of DNA, and, by directing an unnatural ... Class II has three highly conserved sequence motifs. It aminoacylates at the 3'-OH of a terminal adenosine on tRNA, and is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase

Such homologous proteins can be efficiently identified in distantly related organisms by sequence alignment. Genome and gene ... The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In ... Sequence motif. Short amino acid sequences within proteins often act as recognition sites for other proteins.[26] For instance ... Sequence profiling tools can find restriction enzyme sites, open reading frames in nucleotide sequences, and predict secondary ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesis

The alignments were created using Uniprot's alignment tool available online.. Variations in hemoglobin amino acid sequences, as ... The amino acid sequence of any polypeptide created by a cell is in turn determined by the stretches of DNA called genes. In all ... It is very similar to hemoglobin in structure and sequence, but is not a tetramer; instead, it is a monomer that lacks ... Even within a species, different variants of hemoglobin always exist, although one sequence is usually a "most common" one in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency

... astrological alignments are significant, animal testing is not appropriate to indicate human effects, anecdotal evidence is an ... "Deep Sequencing of Plant and Animal DNA Contained within Traditional Chinese Medicines Reveals Legality Issues and Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbology

The Denisova Consortium's raw sequence data and alignments. *Human Timeline (Interactive) - Smithsonian, National Museum of ... The mtDNA sequence from the femur of a 400,000-year-old Homo heidelbergensis from the Sima de los Huesos cave in Spain was ... "New Sequence Analysis Suggests There Were Two Denisovan-Modern Human Admixture Events". genomeweb.com. 1 March 2018. Retrieved ... During DNA sequencing, a low proportion of the Denisova 2, Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 genomes were found to have survived, but a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisova_hominin

Inferred from Sequence Similarity (ISS) means a human curator has reviewed the output from a sequence similarity search and ... Sequence databases: GenBank, European Nucleotide Archive and DNA Data Bank of Japan ... Secondary databases: UniProt, database of protein sequences grouping together Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and Protein Information ... Cozzetto, Domenico; Jones, David T. (2017). "Computational Methods for Annotation Transfers from Sequence". In Dessimoz, C; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_ontology

... and therefore the shortest sequence of operations is CA → A → AB → ABC. Note that for the optimal string alignment distance, ... Optimal string alignment distance[edit]. Optimal string alignment distance can be computed using a straightforward extension of ... The Damerau-Levenshtein distance LD(CA,ABC) = 2 because CA → AC → ABC, but the optimal string alignment distance OSA(CA,ABC) = ... Presented here are two algorithms: the first,[8] simpler one, computes what is known as the optimal string alignment distance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damerau-Levenshtein_distance

In November 1934, 178 white oaks were planted in an informal alignment along Memorial Avenue. It was not until September 1936 ... in sequence. The redesign won high praise from The Washington Post architecture critic Benjamin Forgey. He called it "a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Military_Service_for_America_Memorial

This amplification step is followed by next-generation sequencing and alignment comparisons using large databases of thousands ... Metagenomic sequencing[edit]. Given the wide range of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that cause debilitating and life- ... Metagenomic sequencing could prove especially useful for diagnosis when the patient is immunocompromised. An ever-wider array ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Control and query object alignment[edit]. C++11 allows variable alignment to be queried and controlled with alignof. and ... The term sequence point was removed, being replaced by specifying that either one operation is sequenced before another, or ... returns the referenced type's alignment; for arrays it returns the element type's alignment. ... as a raw literal, is this sequence of characters '1'. , '2'. , '3'. , '4'. . As a cooked literal, it is the integer 1234. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C 11

"Genome Sequencing to the Rest of Us". Scientific American.. *^ a b c Koonin, Eugene (6 March 2001). "Computational Genomics". ... One of the main ways that genomes are compared is by sequence homology. Homology is the study of biological structures and ... This project looks to sequence the entire human genome into a set of data. Once fully implemented, this could allow for doctors ... Research suggests that between 80 and 90% of genes in newly sequenced prokaryotic genomes can be identified this way.[10] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_biology

2005) PSI-BLAST-ISS: an intermediate sequence search tool for estimation of the position-specific alignment reliability. BMC ... Venclovas, Č., Ginalski, K. and Kang, C. (2004) Sequence-structure mapping errors in the PDB: OB-fold domains. Protein Sci, 13 ... and Siksnys, V. (2007) Restriction endonuclease BpuJI specific for the 5'-CCCGT sequence is related to the archaeal Holliday ... 2008) Re-searcher: a system for recurrent detection of homologous protein sequences. BMC Bioinformatics, 9: 296. ...

https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Česlovas_Venclovas

Multiple sequence alignment is an extension of pairwise alignment to incorporate more than two sequences at a time. Multiple ... alignments of two query sequences. Pairwise alignments can only be used between two sequences at a time, but they are efficient ... Computational approaches to sequence alignment generally fall into two categories: global alignments and local alignments. ... alignment is desired for the long sequence. Fast expansion of genetic data challenges speed of current DNA sequence alignment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_alignment

A multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a sequence alignment of three or more biological sequences, generally protein, DNA, or ... Multiple sequence alignment also refers to the process of aligning such a sequence set. Because three or more sequences of ... Multiple sequence alignment viewers enable alignments to be visually reviewed, often by inspecting the quality of alignment for ... Grasso C, Lee C (2004). "Combining partial order alignment and progressive multiple sequence alignment increases alignment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_Sequence_Alignment

This work proposes a new approach to the alignment of multiple sequences. We take profit from some results on Grammatical ... improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap ... Notredame, C.: Recent progresses in multiple sequence alignment: a survey. Pharmacogenomics 3(1), 1-14 (2002)CrossRefGoogle ... Grammatical inference processing of biosequences multiple alignment of sequences This work is partially supported by the ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-76725-1_63

MSAProbs is an open-source protein multiple sequence ailgnment algorithm, achieving the stastistically highest alignment ... One of the most accurate multiple protein sequence aligners. ... MSAProbs: Multiple Sequence Alignment. beta One of the most ... MSAProbs: Multiple Sequence Alignment Web Site Categories. Algorithms, Bio-Informatics. License. Apache Software License, GNU ... MSAProbs is an open-source protein multiple sequence ailgnment algorithm, achieving the stastistically highest alignment ...

https://sourceforge.net/projects/msaprobs/

Both the BLAST tool output and your original query sequence are needed as inputs. ... DbClustal takes the results from a protein BLAST search that you provide and creates a multiple sequence alignment using ... Tools , Multiple Sequence Alignment , DbClustal. Service Retirement. Wise2DBA and Promoterwise are scheduled for retirement on ... To access similar services, please visit the Multiple Sequence Alignment tools page. If you have any questions/concerns please ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/services/web/toolform.ebi?tool=dbclustal

... language speed Burrows-Wheeler aln program performance in DNA sequence alignment optimizations. ... Sequencing costs have decreased dramatically over the last years, and with the new generation of machines the mythical $1000 ... As this will have an immediate effect on the sample sizes used in sequencing studies, it is crucial to improve the efficiency ... This article focuses on recent advances of the ExaScience Life Lab in optimizing the alignment phase of whole-genome processing ...

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/healthcare-it/solutions/documents/removing-load-imbalance-burrows-wheeler-sequence-alignment-paper.html

I asked for help finding a survey of multiple sequence ,alignment software. Many people responded by e-mail. Many others asked ... multiple sequence alignment. Lloyd Allison lloyd at cs.monash.edu.au Tue Nov 14 01:25:41 EST 1995 *Previous message: multiple ... me , lots of references in ,URL:http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeBIB/index.html, under keywords like multiple alignment ... Previous message: multiple sequence alignment *Next message: multiple sequence alignment * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ ...

http://bio.net/bionet/mm/comp-bio/1995-November/000809.html

... Susan Jane Hogarth sjhogart at unity.ncsu.edu Mon Jan 6 13:20:56 EST 1997 *Previous message: ... The first thing I want the program to do, however, is a multiple sequence alignment. I realise this is like reinventing the ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/bio-soft/1997-January/015969.html

Multiple sequence alignment without weights is known to be NP-complete and can be approximated within a... ... We consider a weighted generalization of multiple sequence alignment with sum-of-pair score. ... We consider a weighted generalization of multiple sequence alignment with sum-of-pair score. Multiple sequence alignment ... Weighted multiple sequence alignment can be approximated within a factor of O(log2 n) where n is the number of sequences. ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F3-540-44679-6_9

... including sequence headers, read sequences, quality scores for the sequences, and data about how each sequence aligns to a ... The BioMap class contains data from short-read sequences, ... sequence where the alignment of each read sequence starts. This ... class contains data from short-read sequences, including sequence headers, read sequences, quality scores for the sequences, ... object from short-read sequence data. Each element in the object has a sequence, header, quality score, and alignment/mapping ...

https://www.mathworks.com/help/bioinfo/ref/biomap-class.html

Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X.. Jeanmougin F1, Thompson JD, Gouy M, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9810230?dopt=Abstract

... Jeroen Raes jraes at uia.ua.ac.be Thu Oct 1 10:22:18 EST 1998 *Previous message: posting ... A selection of sequences can be made. - Partial alignments can be created by selecting certain regions or codon positions. - ... ForCon is a user-friendly software tool developed for the easy conversion of nucleic acid and amino acid sequence alignment ...

http://bio.net/bionet/mm/mol-evol/1998-October/006436.html

Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment. Gerhard Jäger. PNAS first published September 24, 2015; ... Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... such as sequence alignment, phylogenetic inference, and bootstrapping). Main results are that there is solid support for the ... it applies weighted string alignment to track both phonetic and lexical change. Applied to a collection of ∼1,000 Eurasian ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/09/24/1500331112?versioned=true

The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is a generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, ... The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools.. Li H1, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G ... Padding operations can be absent when an aligner does not support multiple sequence alignment. The last six bases of read r003 ... The CIGAR string for this alignment contains a P. (padding) operation which correctly aligns the inserted sequences. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19505943?dopt=Abstract

Parallel Sequence Alignment tool ,,, ,,, Does anyone have recommnedations for a parallel sequence alignment tool ,,, ,,, User ... Bioclusters] Parallel Sequence Alignment tool. jgans jgans at lanl.gov Tue Aug 25 11:04:35 EDT 2009 *Previous message: [ ... I only modified the first stage pairwise alignment portion of the code). Regards, Jason Gans Bioscience Division, B-7 Los ... Previous message: [Bioclusters] Parallel Sequence Alignment tool *Next message: [Bioclusters] Parallel Sequence Alignment tool ...

http://bioinformatics.org/pipermail/bioclusters/2009-August/003449.html

... Francois Jeanmougin pingouin at crystal.u-strasbg.fr Wed Aug 12 06:42:06 EST 1998 * ... Does anyone happen to know of a package for displaying sequence , alignments in LaTex? I use alscript and then import ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/bio-soft/1998-August/019270.html

... describe dynamic programming based sequence alignment algorithms; differentiate ... ... Sequence Alignment. Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: describe dynamic programming based sequence alignment ... Why? This is Pairwise Sequence Alignment, the alignment between two sequences. There are several tools to choose from. We will ... Now lets look at the problem of sequence alignment. Lets first look at the biological question behind sequence alignment, ...

https://www.coursera.org/lecture/bioinformatics-pku/essential-concepts-Cfpos

Multiple sequence alignment is an extension of pairwise alignment to incorporate more than two sequences at a time. Multiple ... alignments of two query sequences. Pairwise alignments can only be used between two sequences at a time, but they are efficient ... Computational approaches to sequence alignment generally fall into two categories: global alignments and local alignments. ... constructs global multiple sequence alignments that attempt to align short conserved sequence motifs among the sequences in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_alignment

Our approach applies multiple-sequence alignment to sentences gathered from unannotated comparable corpora: it learns a set of ... Learning to Paraphrase: An Unsupervised Approach Using Multiple-Sequence Alignment. Regina Barzilay and Lillian Lee. ... An Unsupervised Approach Using Multiple-Sequence Alignment}, year = {2003}, pages = {16--23}, booktitle = {Proceedings of HLT- ...

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/papers/statpar.home.html

Tips for alignment. * Use an appropriately divergent matrix. * Reduce your gap penalty relative to that you used for your ... Use the MaxSegs/Waterman-Eggert version of the dynamic programming algorithm to provide the best local alignment and also to ...

http://www.bioinformatics.org/wiki/Sequence_alignment_

... a new computer program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences. Elements of the algorithm include fast distance ... and is the fastest of the tested methods for large numbers of sequences, aligning 5000 sequences of average length 350 in 7 min ... The speed and accuracy of MUSCLE are compared with T-Coffee, MAFFT and CLUSTALW on four test sets of reference alignments: ... estimation using kmer counting, progressive alignment using a new profile function we call the logexpectation score, and ...

http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.132.6852&rank=7

... Edgar D. Arenas-Díaz,1 Helga Ochoterena,2 and Katya Rodríguez ... Edgar D. Arenas-Díaz, Helga Ochoterena, and Katya Rodríguez-Vázquez, "Multiple Sequence Alignment Using a Genetic Algorithm and ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jaea/2009/963150/cta/

... Sophia Jahns Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Max-Planck-Institut für ... making extremely large-scale sequence alignments possible in tractable time," adds Klaus Reuter, collaborator from the Max ... A sequence search engine for a new era of conservation genomics. A team of researchers from the Max Planck Institutes of ... Humans share many sequences of nucleotides that make up our genes with other species - with pigs in particular, but also with ...

https://idw-online.de/en/news?print=1&id=766366

Mathematica 7 adds sequence analysis tools that operate on both strings and general lists, and are fully integrated into the ... Mathematica 7 adds industrial-strength state-of-the-art sequence analysis tools. Suitable for bioinformatics, text analysis and ... other applications, the sequence analysis tools operate on both strings and general lists, and are fully integrated into the ... Rapidly Visualize Large-Scale Sequence Similarity. Solve Classic Sequence Similarity Problems. Generate Sequence Alignments in ...

https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/newin7/content/SequenceAlignmentAndAnalysis/

The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is a generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, ... The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools Bioinformatics. 2009 Aug 15;25(16):2078-9. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352. ... variant caller and alignment viewer, and thus provides universal tools for processing read alignments. ... It is flexible in style, compact in size, efficient in random access and is the format in which alignments from the 1000 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19505943/?dopt=Abstract

... series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences ... clustal series multiple sequence alignment phylogenetic tree molecular biology multiple alignment local computer tree ... title = {Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs},. journal = {Nucleic Acids Res},. year = {2003},. ... series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences ...

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.6026&rank=7

... well be going over Alignment and Sequence Variation in another sequence of 8 presentations. ... In this module, well be going over Alignment and Sequence Variation in another sequence of 8 presentations. ... Alignment & Sequence Variation 4: Bowtie. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser ... So those are global alignments. Or, what I can also produce, local alignments that only match a portion of the input read. ...

https://www.coursera.org/lecture/genomic-tools/alignment-sequence-variation-4-bowtie-aZDuX

Clustal-W - improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-speciﬁc ... T-coffee: a novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment. J. Mol. Biol. 302, 205-217. Nye, T.M., Lio, P., ... In order to be sure of the quality of the alignments and the reading frame, we aligned nucleotide sequences using the ... The reading frame of each nucleotide sequence was determined using the emboss wise2 software and the guided alignment was done ...

https://www.scribd.com/document/149164216/lopez-et-al-2010

ISA: Inferred from Sequence Alignment. ISA: Inferred from Sequence Alignment. *Sequence similarity with experimentally ... Such alignments may be pairwise alignments (the alignment of two sequences to one another) or multiple alignments (the ... A curator performs sequence similarity analysis on a group of genes, (e.g. sequence similarity alignments of the human NDUFS8 ... If the process used by the curator for evaluation of the sequence alignments is not in a published paper they should refer to a ...

http://geneontology.org/page/isa-inferred-sequence-alignment

... Martin Gollery marty.gollery at gmail.com Fri Sep 16 18:37:38 EDT 2005 * ... Next message (by thread): [BiO BB] Sequence alignment to whole genome sequence ... Next message (by thread): [BiO BB] Sequence alignment to whole genome sequence ... hundreds of 700 bp sequences to a whole genome , sequence (around 8Mb) of a closely related species/strain? , , TIA for your ...

http://www.bioinformatics.org/pipermail/bbb/2005-September/002704.html

Therefore it make sense to construct an algorithm to assist in repetitive calculations of multiple sequence alignments. (wikipedia.org)
Use the MaxSegs/Waterman-Eggert version of the dynamic programming algorithm to provide the best local alignment and also to search for repeats. (bioinformatics.org)
Elements of the algorithm include fast distance estimation using kmer counting, progressive alignment using a new profile function we call the logexpectation score, and refinement using tree-dependent restricted partitioning. (psu.edu)
Edgar D. Arenas-Díaz, Helga Ochoterena, and Katya Rodríguez-Vázquez, "Multiple Sequence Alignment Using a Genetic Algorithm and GLOCSA," Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications , vol. 2009, Article ID 963150, 10 pages, 2009. (hindawi.com)
The method is based on first deriving a phylogenetic tree from a matrix of all pairwise sequence similarity scores, obtained using a fast pairwise alignment algorithm. (nih.gov)
Here we present an algorithm based on the multidimensional QR factorization, which produces minimally redundant sets of protein sequences. (pnas.org)
This algorithm differs from traditional sequence identity threshold and sequence weighting approaches to the problem of redundancy, which we have recently reviewed in ref. 6 , in two important ways. (pnas.org)
First, the QR algorithm has been designed to systematically choose a maximally linearly independent subset of sequences that best span the evolutionary space of the homologous group at any given level of diversity. (pnas.org)
Second, the QR algorithm produces an ordering of the sequences in such a way that altering the desired level of diversity of the reduced set only requires adding or subtracting sequences from the precomputed order rather than launching a new calculation each time a different diversity threshold is applied. (pnas.org)
We introduce a regressive algorithm that enables MSA of up to 1.4 million sequences on a standard workstation and substantially improves accuracy on datasets larger than 10,000 sequences. (nature.com)
Our regressive algorithm works the other way around from the progressive algorithm and begins by aligning the most dissimilar sequences. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: CPU requirements of the regressive algorithm on HomFam datasets containing more than 10,000 sequences. (nature.com)
The regressive alignment algorithm has been implemented in T-Coffee and is available at the T-Coffee website ( http://www.tcoffee.org ) and on GitHub ( https://github.com/cbcrg/tcoffee ). (nature.com)
MegAlign Pro allows you to perform multiple genome alignments using the Mauve algorithm. (dnastar.com)
MegAlign Pro's Mauve algorithm has high capacity and uses MUSCLE to perform block alignments of microbial genomes. (dnastar.com)
A mapping algorithm will try to locate a (hopefully unique) location in the reference sequence that matches the read, while tolerating a certain amount of mismatch to allow subsequence variation detection. (wikibooks.org)
In 1989, based on Carrillo-Lipman Algorithm, Altschul introduced a practical method that uses pairwise alignments to constrain the n-dimensional search space. (wikipedia.org)
Alignments obtained with a SAT-based local search algorithm are competitive with those of state-of-the-art algorithms, though execution times are much longer. (sciweavers.org)
In addition, we extend the recent ECC image- alignment algorithm to the temporal dimension in order to improve spatial regis- tration and enable synchro refinement. (inria.fr)
Biopython applies the best algorithm to find the alignment sequence and it is par with other software. (tutorialspoint.com)
A global algorithm returns one alignment clearly showing the difference, a local algorithm returns two alignments, and it is difficult to see the change between the sequences. (nih.gov)
The global alignment at this page uses the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. (nih.gov)
As a case of analysis we study the performance behavior of the search application that implements the Smith-Waterman algorithm, which is a dynamic programing approach that explores the similarity between a pair of sequences. (upc.edu)
In this article we investigate the performance of a multicriteria dynamic programming algorithm for pairwise global sequence alignment that maximizes the number of matches and minimizes the number of indels or gaps.We provide estimates on the number of optimal alignments for pairs of random sequences, as well as computational results in a benchmark dataset. (uc.pt)
For a feature-rich program able to deal with regular sequences, spliced sequences, methylation-tolerant alignments, SNP-tolerant alignments, and RNA-I tolerant alignments, then GSNAP is the algorithm of choice. (genecodes.com)
We introduce a novel technique that can merge arbitrary functions through sequence alignment, a bioinformatics algorithm for identifying regions of similarity between sequences. (lancs.ac.uk)
An algorithm that treats insertions and deletions as distinct events in genomic data improves sequence alignments, allowing more accurate phylogenetic studies. (sciencemag.org)
The next two hours will be used to introduce the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm (Dynamic programming), a very basic algorithm that makes it possible to derive pairwise alignments from the sequences while using the substitution matrices. (tcoffee.org)
Over the following 2 hours, we will see how these pairwise alignment methods can be applied to database searches and we will develop the main concepts behind the BLAST algorithm. (tcoffee.org)
This article presents a new algorithm, REFINER, that refines a multiple sequence alignment by iterative realignment of its individual sequences with the predetermined conserved core (block) model of a protein family. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Since this series converges exponentially to zero, the algorithm will numerically underflow for longer sequences. (wikipedia.org)

In bioinformatics , a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA , RNA , or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural , or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Suitable for bioinformatics, text analysis and other applications, the sequence analysis tools operate on both strings and general lists, and are fully integrated into the general Mathematica programming and visualization system-in all cases yielding results that are organized for further computation. (wolfram.com)
Bioinformatics has developed as a data-driven science with a primary focus on storing and accessing the vast and exponentially growing amount of sequence and structure data. (pnas.org)
FDA-approved ': ' You have really disabling a Bioinformatics: Sequence Alignment and Markov Models 2008 to gather more Page Likes. (toto99.com)
also enjoy the Bioinformatics: Sequence Alignment and Markov for this rape. (toto99.com)
In bioinformatics there are a great number of powerful computer tools available for the purpose of comparing genetic sequences. (wolfram.com)
Multiple sequence alignment is a central problem in Bioinformatics. (sciweavers.org)
1 Background Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a central problem in Bioinformatics and is known to be NP-complete [3]. (sciweavers.org)
In bioinformatics, there are lot of formats available to specify the sequence alignment data similar to earlier learned sequence data. (tutorialspoint.com)
Sequence alignment is an important bioinformatics tool for identifying homology, but searching against the full set of available sequences is likely to result in many hits to poorly annotated sequences providing very little information. (bibsys.no)

[1] Aligned sequences of nucleotide or amino acid residues are typically represented as rows within a matrix . (wikipedia.org)
Instead, human knowledge is applied in constructing algorithms to produce high-quality sequence alignments, and occasionally in adjusting the final results to reflect patterns that are difficult to represent algorithmically (especially in the case of nucleotide sequences). (wikipedia.org)
in DNA and RNA sequences, this equates to assigning each nucleotide its own color. (wikipedia.org)
the consensus sequence is also often represented in graphical format with a sequence logo in which the size of each nucleotide or amino acid letter corresponds to its degree of conservation. (wikipedia.org)
Visual depictions of the alignment as in the image at right illustrate mutation events such as point mutations (single amino acid or nucleotide changes) that appear as differing characters in a single alignment column, and insertion or deletion mutations ( indels or gaps) that appear as hyphens in one or more of the sequences in the alignment. (wikipedia.org)
that contains he letter representations of nucleotide sequences. (mathworks.com)
An approach for performing multiple alignments of large numbers of amino acid or nucleotide sequences is described. (nih.gov)
PASTA: ultra-large multiple sequence alignment for nucleotide and amino-acid sequences. (nature.com)
Each single nucleotide region is considered independent of each other region when determining the distance between sequences. (scribd.com)
We present the Scalable Nucleotide Alignment Program(SNAP), a new short and long read aligner that is both more accurate(i.e., aligns more reads with fewer errors) and 10 100faster than state-of-the-art tools such as BWA. (berkeley.edu)
Whether ur r trying to align protein sequences or nucleotide sequences. (protocol-online.org)
1. the same way can be followed for nucleotide sequence. (protocol-online.org)
Learn how to load different nucleotide and protein sequences into MegAlign Pro for multiple and pairwise sequence alignment and phylogenetic trees. (dnastar.com)
If you're curious to see how P ROB C ONS performs on nucleotide sequence, try out P ROB C ONS RNA , an experimental version of P ROB C ONS with parameters estimated via unsupervised training on BRAliBASE II ! (stanford.edu)
For nucleotide sequences, a similar gap penalty is used, but a much simpler substitution matrix, wherein only identical matches and mismatches are considered, is typical. (wikipedia.org)
In this and the next edition of Classroom Notes, we will take a look at some of the basic ideas that go into the alignment of nucleotide sequences, such as the dot matrix and the algorithms of Needelman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman, showing how one might employ Mathematica to illustrate these concepts in the classroom. (wolfram.com)

In sequence alignments of proteins, the degree of similarity between amino acids occupying a particular position in the sequence can be interpreted as a rough measure of how conserved a particular region or sequence motif is among lineages. (wikipedia.org)
By contrast, local alignments identify regions of similarity within long sequences that are often widely divergent overall. (wikipedia.org)
Local alignments are often preferable, but can be more difficult to calculate because of the additional challenge of identifying the regions of similarity. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence similarity with experimentally characterized gene products, as determined by alignments, either pairwise or multiple (tools such as BLAST, ClustalW, MUSCLE). (geneontology.org)
The guiding principle in making sequence similarity based annotations should be that there is a good reason to believe that the comparison is relevant. (geneontology.org)
Note that we have not set definitive numerical cutoffs for the extent or percentage identity of sequence similarity comparisons because groups annotating very different organisms from the current MODs / reference genomes may find that a given arbitrarily selected numerical cutoff does not work when applied to a new organism. (geneontology.org)
It is up to each annotating group to use judgment as to what sequence similarity comparisons are relevant for the purpose of making GO annotations. (geneontology.org)
SequenceAlignment attempts to find an alignment that maximizes the total similarity score. (wolfram.com)
The percentage of similarity between two gene sequences is known as the best possible alignment among all alignments that can be made to the sequence. (wikibooks.org)
For proteins, this method usually involves two sets of parameters: a gap penalty and a substitution matrix assigning scores or probabilities to the alignment of each possible pair of amino acids based on the similarity of the amino acids' chemical properties and the evolutionary probability of the mutation. (wikipedia.org)
Calculate the sequence similarity and display the alignment residue profile. (molsoft.com)
Sequence alignment is the process of arranging two or more sequences (of DNA, RNA or protein sequences) in a specific order to identify the region of similarity between them. (tutorialspoint.com)
Alignments may be classified as either global or local.A global alignment aligns two sequences from beginning to end, aligning each letter in each sequence only once.An alignment is produced, regardless of whether or not there is similarity between the sequences. (nih.gov)
A local alignment can also be used to align two sequences, but will only align those portions of the sequences that share similarity. (nih.gov)
If there is no similarity, no alignment will be returned. (nih.gov)
A global alignment should only be used on sequences that share significant similarity over most of their extents, and then it will sometimes return a better presentation. (nih.gov)
Considering the four families above, and a sequence identity threshold of 30 %, our best method gives an accuracy of 96 % compared to 80 % obtained for sequence similarity and 74 % for BLAST. (umd.edu)
The best method gives an average accuracy of 94 % compared to 68 % for sequence similarity and 79 % for BLAST. (umd.edu)
It shows that for protein pairs with low sequence similarity (less than 12% sequence identity) the new structural features alone or in conjunction with profile-based information lead to alignments that are considerably better than those obtained by previous schemes. (umn.edu)
Needleman and Wunsch wanted to quantify the similarity between two sequences. (slideserve.com)
Any measurement of similarity must therefore be done with respect to the best possible alignment between two sequences. (slideserve.com)
The major difficulty comes from the fact, that one cannot simply slide one sequence along another and sum over the similarity scores looked up in the appropriate mutation data matrix. (slideserve.com)

[4] A variety of computational algorithms have been applied to the sequence alignment problem. (wikipedia.org)
Because three or more sequences of biologically relevant length can be difficult and are almost always time-consuming to align by hand, computational algorithms are used to produce and analyze the alignments. (wikipedia.org)
T. Akutsu, H. Arimura, and S. Shimozono On approximation algorithms for local multiple alignment. (springer.com)
V. Bafna, E.L. Lawler, and P.A. Pevzner Approximation algorithms for multiple sequence alignment. (springer.com)
And then, in a very fast way, and then more complex alignment algorithms are used to create the entire map. (coursera.org)
In contrast, sequence identity cutoff algorithms arbitrarily remove sequences that contribute to pairwise identities above the given threshold, and sequence weighting schemes assign ad hoc weights to the sequences, giving more common sequences relatively less weight than rare ones. (pnas.org)
MegAlign Pro offers everything you need for each stage of a multiple sequence alignment, not only the algorithms needed for aligning both gene-level and genome-scale sequence data -MUSCLE, MAFFT, Clustal W, Clustal Omega, and Mauve - but also the capability to dig deep in the post-alignment stage. (dnastar.com)
Computational algorithms are used to produce and analyse the MSAs due to the difficulty and intractability of manually processing the sequences given their biologically-relevant length. (wikipedia.org)
Local alignments algorithms (such as BLAST) are most often used. (nih.gov)
Several years of research on alignment algorithms has led to the development of several stateof-the-art sequence aligners that can map tens of thousands of reads per second. (eurecom.fr)
For researchers looking to compare groups of similar sequences, Sequencher has both Clustal and MUSCLE algorithms for performing Multiple-Sequence Alignment . (genecodes.com)

In many cases, the input set of query sequences are assumed to have an evolutionary relationship by which they share a linkage and are descended from a common ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
From the resulting MSA, sequence homology can be inferred and phylogenetic analysis can be conducted to assess the sequences' shared evolutionary origins. (wikipedia.org)
That means that while the original DIAMOND may have been sensitive enough to detect a given human amino acid sequence in a chimpanzee, it may have been blind to the occurrence of a similar sequence in an evolutionary more remote species. (idw-online.de)
The method, based on the multidimensional QR factorization of numerically encoded multiple sequence alignments, removes redundancy from the alignments and orders the protein sequences by increasing linear dependence, resulting in the identification of a minimal basis set of sequences that spans the evolutionary space of the homologous group of proteins. (pnas.org)
Modern protein sequences and their three-dimensional structures are descendants of successful realizations of the evolutionary process. (pnas.org)
Hierarchical classifications of structures, such as SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins) ( 3 ) and CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, and Homologous superfamily) ( 4 ), and of sequences, such as Pfam (Protein Families Database of Alignments and Hidden Markov Models) ( 5 ), have made significant contributions in this direction, yet the problem of redundancy has not been addressed in an evolutionary context. (pnas.org)
Figuring out sequence alignments can help develop evolutionary origins and trace back the function, structure, and mechanism of a genome. (wikibooks.org)
Two sequences can be extremely similar with identical evolutionary backgrounds, however, over the years the sequence could have lost a set of amino acids or proteins that barely affect the function of the gene or protein. (wikibooks.org)
A new evolutionary-progressive method for Multiple Sequence Alignment problem is proposed. (sciweavers.org)
The MSA allows for identification of common regions between proteins (including motifs), finding conserved residues and analysis of evolutionary relationships between sequences. (openwetware.org)
While Löytynoja and Goldman didn't explicitly write how their new algorithim, described in, " Phylogeny-Aware Gap Placement Prevents Errors in Sequence Alignment and Evolutionary Analysis ," impacts our understanding of human evolution and how we compare primate genomes, it is an important to understand what they've accomplished. (anthropology.net)
flags the gaps made in previous alignments and, using evolutionary information from related sequences to indicate whether each gap has been created by an insertion or a deletion, permits their "reuse" for inserted characters without further penalty in the next stage of the progressive alignment. (anthropology.net)
Phylogeny-Aware Gap Placement Prevents Errors in Sequence Alignment and Evolutionary Analysis. (anthropology.net)
The workshop will include hands-on examples of methods that exploit evolutionary information to predict structural features from sequence and to identify functionally important residues by sub-family analysis. (jalview.org)
Genetic sequence alignment is the basis of many evolutionary and comparative studies, and errors in alignments lead to errors in the interpretation of evolutionary information in genomes. (sciencemag.org)
We will then see how specific mathematical models (the substitution matrices) have been derived in order to quantify the evolutionary relationship between sequences. (tcoffee.org)
Since there is no possibility to know the ancestral sequence and the evolutionary steps, the evolutionary correctness of any alignment cannot be determined. (slideserve.com)

We take profit from some results on Grammatical Inference that allow us to build iteratively an abstract machine that considers in each inference step an increasing amount of sequences. (springer.com)
Abstract The increased collection, storage, and analysis of person-speciﬁc DNA sequences poses serious challenges to the protection of the identities to which such sequences correspond. (scribd.com)

ForCon 1.0 for Win95/98/3.1 and Win NT 3.5/NT 4.0 ------------------------------------------------- ForCon is a user-friendly software tool developed for the easy conversion of nucleic acid and amino acid sequence alignment formats. (bio.net)
The Clustal series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences and for preparing phylogenetic trees. (psu.edu)
Because any protein or nucleic acid sequences and template alignments can be provided, PyNAST is not limited to the analysis of 16s rDNA sequences. (debian.org)
Day 1 workshop employs talks and hands-on exercises to help students learn to use Jalview, a versatile protein and nucleic acid sequence alignment and analysis tool developed within the School of Life Sciences. (jalview.org)

A sequence alignment, produced by ClustalO , of mammalian histone proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences are the amino acids for residues 120-180 of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple sequence alignments can be helpful in many circumstances like detecting historical and familial relations between sequences of proteins or amino acids and determining certain structures or locations on sequences. (wikipedia.org)
In literature-based annotation it is incumbent upon the curator to identify which of the proteins in the sequence analysis are experimentally characterized so as to populate the with field. (geneontology.org)
Because there are a limited number of structures, two proteins can have very similar structures, and that's where sequence alignments step in. (wikibooks.org)
Newly elucidated protein sequences can be aligned by inputting the sequence into a large database of previously sequenced proteins. (wikibooks.org)
Given an alignment and set of proteins grouped into sub-types according to some definition of function, such as enzymatic specificity, the method identifies positions that are indicative of functional differences by comparison of sub-type specific sequence profiles, and analysis of positional entropy in the alignment. (umd.edu)
The one day Jalview hands-on training course is designed for life sciences graduate students and other researchers who need to align and analyse proteins, RNA and DNA sequences. (jalview.org)
As the sequence identity between a pair of proteins decreases, alignment strategies that are based on sequence and/or sequence profiles become progressively less effective in identifying the correct structural correspondence between residue pairs. (umn.edu)
Incorporating predicted information about the local structure of the protein into the alignment process holds the promise of significantly improving the alignment quality of distant proteins. (umn.edu)
Accurate multiple sequence alignments of proteins are very important to several areas of computational biology and provide an understanding of phylogenetic history of domain families, their identification and classification. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

This article reports findings regarding the automatic classification of Eurasian languages using techniques from computational biology (such as sequence alignment, phylogenetic inference, and bootstrapping). (pnas.org)
The Norwich, England-based Earlham Institute, known until June 2016 as the Genome Analysis Centre, is a genomic sequencing, computational biology, and research center. (genomeweb.com)
Two fundamental computations in computational biology are read alignment and genome assembly. (umd.edu)

We present a new framework for global and local alignment of amino acid sequences based on hierarchical motif vectors that characterize local amino acid configurations. (actapress.com)
However, SNAP greatly reduces the numberand cost of local alignment checks performed through severalmeasures: it uses longer seeds to reduce the false positivelocations considered, leverages larger memory capacitiesto speed index lookup, and excludes most candidate locationswithout fully computing their edit distance to the read. (berkeley.edu)
This procedure is a called a BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) search. (wikibooks.org)
The scores in the substitution matrix may be either all positive or a mix of positive and negative in the case of a global alignment, but must be both positive and negative, in the case of a local alignment. (wikipedia.org)
But note that a similar treatment can be given to linear (affine) gap-costs, piecewise linear gap costs, global alignment, local alignment, optimal aligment, summed alignment, etc. (edu.au)

Very short or very similar sequences can be aligned by hand. (wikipedia.org)
Progressive MSA methods start by aligning the most similar sequences and subsequently incorporate the remaining sequences, from leaf to root, based on a guide tree. (nature.com)
The identification of similar sequences in this report is based on clustering as described here . (rcsb.org)
In the table for each entity, view a list of similar sequences by selecting the link associated with the percentage cutoff. (rcsb.org)
According to the latter, the sequences are aligned in a predetermined order dictated usually by the guide tree which groups similar sequences together with the subsequent addition of more dissimilar ones. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

DbClustal takes the results from a protein BLAST search that you provide and creates a multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW2. (ebi.ac.uk)
Both the BLAST tool output and your original query sequence are needed as inputs. (ebi.ac.uk)
In addition, DIAMOND enables researchers to perform alignments with BLAST-like sensitivity on a supercomputer, a high-performance computing cluster, or the Cloud in a truly massively parallel fashion, making extremely large-scale sequence alignments possible in tractable time," adds Klaus Reuter, collaborator from the Max Planck Computing and Data Facility. (idw-online.de)
BLAST produces pairwise alignments and any annotations based solely on the evaluation of BLAST results should use this code. (geneontology.org)
The system couples Optalysys' optical technology with Blast and BWA software to enable researchers to run large-scale DNA sequence searches without the need for expensive, energy-hogging high-performance computing systems. (genomeweb.com)
Accuracy means finding alignments that BWA and Blast are finding, as well as other alignments that those platforms might miss, according to Stitt. (genomeweb.com)
Unlike recentaligners based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform, SNAP usesa simple hash index of short seed sequences from the genome,similar to BLAST s. (berkeley.edu)
this allows easily to align by Clustal the selected sequences and also is possible to performs blast searches directly rom the main windows, retrieve sequences (with all the GenBank information) directli from NCBI and align again. (protocol-online.org)
Courtesy of ParacelResearchers use BLAST to search previously characterized DNA or protein sequences for partial or total matches. (the-scientist.com)
Raeffell says Paracel BLAST can eliminate many of the bottlenecks in NCBI BLAST that cause problems with large sequences. (the-scientist.com)
Using blast, homology of a newly sequenced protein can be determined, as well as predict function and tertiary structure of a protein. (wikibooks.org)
Using a BLAST search, researchers were able to identify possible function and structures for 1007 of these protein sequences. (wikibooks.org)
Then use the BLAST button at the bottom of the page to align your sequences. (nih.gov)
Subject sequence(s) to be used for a BLAST search should be pasted in the text area. (nih.gov)
No BLAST database contains all the sequences at NCBI. (nih.gov)
It is more reliable, and hosts more information than derived from BLAST multiple pairwise alignment. (openwetware.org)
Each exact match in an SSAHA alignment is analogous to finding a high-scoring segment pair in BLAST . (vectorbase.org)
Blast this sequence against all of PDB Archive. (rcsb.org)
BlastViewer provides an interactive graphical user interface for the analysis of the reports produced by the BLAST sequence database search system. (filetransit.com)

Here, we have selected/clicked PF18225 and it opens go to http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF18225 and shows complete details about it, including sequence alignments. (tutorialspoint.com)
We describe the derivation of a set of sub-type groupings derived from an automated parsing of alignments from PFAM and the SWISSPROT database, and use this to perform a large-scale assessment. (umd.edu)
Some domain resources, such as PFAM ( 1 ) and ProDom ( 2 ), rely on the automated methods of multiple sequence alignment while others, such as SMART ( 3 ) and CDD ( 4 ), employ careful manual intervention in constructing the domain models. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

1 . if it is protein sequence u should ensure from which database ur getting it and moreover in 'PIR' database ur search results will also contain a link for multiple sequence alignment where u can select the sequence and align .it works at online ( But the limitation is 50 seq). (protocol-online.org)
MegAlign Pro performs DNA, RNA, and protein sequence alignments quickly and easily, then guides you through the post-alignment process, including generating and comparing multiple phylogenetic trees using RAxML for Maximum Likelihood trees, or the Neighbor Joining method. (dnastar.com)
Perform a semi-global alignment of a DNA sequence (local) with a protein sequence (global). (haskell.org)
The increasing number and diversity of protein sequence families requires new methods to define and predict details regarding function. (umd.edu)
Here, we present a method for analysis and prediction of functional sub-types from multiple protein sequence alignments. (umd.edu)
Is there a possibility to have a sequence structure alignment between a defined PDB and my target protein sequence with same quality HHPred does? (rosettacommons.org)
It will highlight common methods and tools for protein sequence analysis and multiple sequence alignment will be explained. (jalview.org)

We show theoretically and practically that this improves the quality of sequence alignments and downstream analyses over a wide range of realistic alignment problems. (sciencemag.org)

The speed and accuracy of MUSCLE are compared with T-Coffee, MAFFT and CLUSTALW on four test sets of reference alignments: BAliBASE, SABmark, SMART and a new benchmark, PREFAB. (psu.edu)
We will then see the main principles behins two multiple sequence alignment package: ClustalW and T-Coffee. (tcoffee.org)

Calculating a global alignment is a form of global optimization that "forces" the alignment to span the entire length of all query sequences. (wikipedia.org)
For sufficiently similar strings or lists, local and global alignment methods give the same result. (wolfram.com)
Finds the best GLOBAL alignment of any two sequences. (slideserve.com)

MSAs require more sophisticated methodologies than pairwise alignment because they are more computationally complex . (wikipedia.org)
Using this paper as a reference, it was straight forward to add the required OpenMP code to the most recent version of Clustal (I only modified the first stage pairwise alignment portion of the code). (bioinformatics.org)
In Chapter 3 we discussed pairwise alignment, and then in Chapters 4 and 5 we described how a protein or DNA query can be compared to a database. (kennedykrieger.org)

The process of evaluating a sequence alignment involves checking that the length of the matching region and the percent identity with the matching sequence are sufficient to infer shared function. (geneontology.org)
Pairwise is easy to understand and exceptional to infer from the resulting sequence alignment. (tutorialspoint.com)
In addition, information from closely related sequences can be used to infer sites as "permanent" insertions that cannot be matched in subsequent alignments, so that distinct insertion events are correctly kept separate even when they occur at exactly the same position. (anthropology.net)
Traditional multiple sequence alignment methods disregard the phylogenetic implications of gap patterns that they create and infer systematically biased alignments with excess deletions and substitutions, too few insertions, and implausible insertion-deletion-event histories. (sciencemag.org)
I will finally introduce the notion of multiple sequence alignment and show how a group of related sequences can be compared in order to infer common properties. (tcoffee.org)

If two sequences in an alignment share a common ancestor, mismatches can be interpreted as point mutations and gaps as indels (that is, insertion or deletion mutations) introduced in one or both lineages in the time since they diverged from one another. (wikipedia.org)
Profile alignments merge two existing multiple alignments without removing any of the existing gaps. (dnastar.com)
However, new gaps may be automatically inserted to reconcile the new alignment. (dnastar.com)
Gaps are introduced when a sequence can be better aligned to encompass an increased amount of matching residues. (wikibooks.org)
In principle, any arbitrary size and number of gaps can be added to any place of a sequence. (wikibooks.org)
To avoid an excessive amount of gaps and deter further from the original sequence, scoring systems with penalties are used. (wikibooks.org)
However, each new sequence aligned based on the gaps receives a score of +8. (wikibooks.org)
Given N sequences x 1 , x 2 ,…, x N : Insert gaps (-) in each sequence x i , such that All sequences have the same length L Score of the global map is maximum. (slideserve.com)
When a sequence is the same between the samples, they are matched… When sequences aren't the same, they are marked as gaps. (anthropology.net)
If related sequences indicate that a gap is caused by a deletion, flags are removed and no further free gaps at that position are permitted, and the effect is correctly targeted on insertions only. (anthropology.net)
This will not work, because biological sequences may have gaps or insertions of sequences relative to each other. (slideserve.com)
Each curated CDD alignment records conserved features within the family members in terms of 'blocks', the regions where every sequence is aligned without the gaps. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

30%, structural alignments, based purely on the geometry of the protein structures, provide better alignments than pure sequence-based methods. (pnas.org)
Instead it focuses on getting better alignments. (debian.org)

A general approach when calculating multiple sequence alignments is to use graphs to identify all of the different alignments. (wikipedia.org)
Many different alignments are computed and the one with the best score is presented. (anthropology.net)

Sequence Alignments can be used to detect homology between two polypeptide chains. (wikibooks.org)
G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) all share a common structural core of seven transmembrane helices but they lack significant sequence homology between subfamilies. (molsoft.com)
If the optimal alignment does not support homology, then the correct alignment (which has a smaller or equal score) will not support homology either. (slideserve.com)

NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) - Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin have developed a new method - dubbed simultaneous alignment and tree estimation, or SATé - for estimating DNA alignment as a phylogenetic tree is constructed. (genomeweb.com)
I have a set of bacterial 16SrRNA sequences (about 50 non-coding sequences) that Id like to align in order to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. (biology-online.org)

Multiple sequence alignment is often used to assess sequence conservation of protein domains , tertiary and secondary structures, and even individual amino acids or nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
How to extract sequences from PDB structures. (molsoft.com)
We will then extract sequences from the PDB structures and read in additional kinase sequences from Uniprot. (molsoft.com)
Only the sequences that have 3D structures will be selected in the alignment, therefore we need to propagate the selection to all sequences in the alignment. (molsoft.com)
Consequently, we often want alignments against a specific subset of sequences: for instance, we are looking for sequences from a particular species, sequences that have known 3d-structures, sequences that have a reliable (curated) function annotation, and so on. (bibsys.no)
We will cover launching Jalview, accessing sequence, alignment and 3D structure databases, creating, editing and analysing alignments, phylogenetic trees, analysing alignments with 3D structures, and preparation of figures for presentation and publication. (jalview.org)

Residues that are conserved across all sequences are highlighted in grey. (wikipedia.org)
In almost all sequence alignment representations, sequences are written in rows arranged so that aligned residues appear in successive columns. (wikipedia.org)
The simplest way to compare protein sequences is to align each strand and count for matching residues. (wikibooks.org)
Display only the residues in the pocket in the alignment. (molsoft.com)
To highlight the conserved sequence motifs - set the consensus strength to 100% and then color the fully conserved residues. (molsoft.com)
These are both dystrophin isoforms, but the first sequence is missing about 100 residues starting at residue 948 (some exons have been spliced out of the corresponding mRNA). (nih.gov)

It is flexible in style, compact in size, efficient in random access and is the format in which alignments from the 1000 Genomes Project are released. (nih.gov)
Researchers are expecting that the genomes of more than 1.5 million eukaryotic species - that includes all animals, plants, and mushrooms - will be sequenced within the next decade. (idw-online.de)
Even now, with only hundreds of thousand genomes available (mostly representing small genomes of bacteria and viruses), we are already looking at databases with up to 370 million sequences. (idw-online.de)
Current approaches focus on using heuristics to map reads quickly to large genomes, rather than generating highly accurate alignments in coding regions. (sanbi.ac.za)
New in 2014) Harvest is a suite of core-genome alignment and visualization tools for quickly analyzing thousands of intraspecific microbial genomes. (umd.edu)
Up until now, people compared and contrasted sequencing similarities of multiple genomes using a tool that does a multiple sequence alignment. (anthropology.net)

Easily separate interesting regions for new subalignments, edit and trim individual sequences or the entire alignment, and customize the appearance of your alignment before generating high-quality images, suitable for publication. (dnastar.com)
For n individual sequences, the naive method requires constructing the n-dimensional equivalent of the matrix formed in standard pairwise sequence alignment. (wikipedia.org)

Alignment-free methods are increasingly used for genome analysis and phylogeny reconstruction since they circumvent various difficulties of traditional approaches that rely on multiple sequence alignments. (dagstuhl.de)
Most alignment-free approaches work by analyzing the k-mer composition of sequences. (dagstuhl.de)
Such approaches are, thus, unsuited for applications such as amplicon-based analysis and the realignment phase of exome sequencing and RNA-seq, where accurate and biologically relevant alignment of coding regions is critical. (sanbi.ac.za)
RAMICS substantially outperforms all other mapping approaches tested in terms of alignment quality while maintaining highly competitive speed performance. (sanbi.ac.za)
however, while other approaches, such as de novo assembly , are potentially more powerful, they are also much harder or, for some organisms, impossible to achieve with current sequencing methods. (wikibooks.org)
This chapter covers a series of approaches to multiple sequence alignment, including the popular method of progressive alignment and new methods such as consistency-based and structure-based alignment. (kennedykrieger.org)
To overcome these flaws, iterative approaches have introduced the capacity to reconsider and realign previously aligned sequences at each iteration with the goal of improving the overall alignment score ( 7 , 12 - 19 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Thus, the likelihood of finding close homologs for query sequences is smaller, and the alignments will in general have lower scores. (bibsys.no)
Here, we propose a method that addresses this problem by first aligning query sequences against a large database representing the corpus of known sequences, and then constructing indirect (or transitive) alignments by combining the results with alignments from the large database against the desired target database. (bibsys.no)

Some of them align all sequences simultaneously ( 5 , 6 ), while others apply a progressive alignment strategy ( 7 - 10 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
While being widely accepted, progressive alignment has its own pitfalls as the misalignment made at previous stages can not be corrected afterwards and can propagate into serious alignment errors. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

These data are used for a wide variety of important biological analyzes, including genome sequencing, comparative genomics, transcriptome analysis, and personalized medicine but are complicated by the volume and complexity of the data involved. (umd.edu)

Use MegAlign Pro for accurate multiple sequence alignment and in-depth analysis. (dnastar.com)

Most multiple sequence alignment programs use heuristic methods rather than global optimization because identifying the optimal alignment between more than a few sequences of moderate length is prohibitively computationally expensive. (wikipedia.org)
finds an optimal alignment of sequences of elements in the strings, lists or biomolecular sequences s 1 and s 2 , and yields a list of successive matching and differing sequences. (wolfram.com)
A direct method for producing an MSA uses the dynamic programming technique to identify the globally optimal alignment solution. (wikipedia.org)
Pareto-optimal RNA sequence-structure alignments. (uc.pt)
The Optimal Alignment. (slideserve.com)
But again: there is no guarantee that the optimal alignment is the correct alignment, even though it may be the best guess. (slideserve.com)
Global optimal alignment is a difficult problem. (slideserve.com)
the assumption that all characters are equally likely then you will conclude that they are related by an acceptable optimal alignment, but the high number of matches is only due to their both coming from MMg. (edu.au)

is written to a file, the reference sequences of the mates are also included in the file header. (mathworks.com)
The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is a generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms. (nih.gov)
line in the header section gives the order of reference sequences. (nih.gov)
The challenge presented by high-throughput sequencing necessitates the development of novel tools for accurate alignment of reads to reference sequences. (sanbi.ac.za)

Rapid advances in sequencing technologies are producing genomic data on an unprecedented scale. (eurecom.fr)
The first, and often one of the most time consuming, step of genomic data analysis is sequence alignment, where sequenced reads must be aligned to a reference genome. (eurecom.fr)

The absence of substitutions, or the presence of only very conservative substitutions (that is, the substitution of amino acids whose side chains have similar biochemical properties) in a particular region of the sequence, suggest [3] that this region has structural or functional importance. (wikipedia.org)
This paper studies the impact on the alignment quality of a new class of predicted local structural features that measure how well fixed-length backbone fragments centered around each residue-pair align with each other. (umn.edu)
These results suggest that insertions and sequence turnover are more common than is currently thought and challenge the conventional picture of sequence evolution and mechanisms of functional and structural changes. (sciencemag.org)

2. if ur taking from 'NCBI' what u have to do is select the sequence and click to display in FASTA format and ask to send the file to desktop. (protocol-online.org)
The data may be either a list of database accession numbers, NCBI gi numbers, or sequences in FASTA format. (nih.gov)
A standalone version of the program is available by ftp distribution ( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/REFINER ) and will be incorporated into the next release of the Cn3D structure/alignment viewer. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Is there a way I can decisively check whether or not this gene exists in its entirety, or partially, in the contig set of the newly sequenced genome, and if yes, determine its location? (scientistsolutions.com)

In their sample set, they compared sequences of primates to primates, primates to rodents, and primates to all mammals, they were able to identify that insertions are far more common in primate evolution than deletions. (anthropology.net)

Mathematica 7 adds industrial-strength state-of-the-art sequence analysis tools. (wolfram.com)
This evaluation may be carried out by the curator, when sequence analysis is performed by the curators, or by authors of a published paper, when the curator is making annotations based on literature. (geneontology.org)
1]. The discovery and physical mapping of human genetic components have greatly beneﬁted by recent technological developments in molecular biology, automated sequencing, and digital storage technology, thus allowing for an exponential increase in the discovery and differential analysis of genetic loci. (scribd.com)
This facilitates the analysis of new sequences in the context of existing alignments, and additional data derived from existing alignments such as phylogenetic trees. (debian.org)
We propose an approach for multiple sequence alignment (MSA) derived from the dynamic time warping viewpoint and recent techniques of curve synchronization developed in the context of functional data analysis. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
TextPAIR is a scalable and high-performance sequence aligner for humanities text analysis designed to identify "similar passages" in large collections of texts. (uchicago.edu)
The analysis of these data is complicated by their size - a single run of a sequencing instrument yields terabytes of information, often requiring a significant scale-up of the existing computational infrastructure. (umd.edu)
It's really the post-alignment analysis that moves us down the path of answering the questions we are asking. (dnastar.com)
After alignment, create phylogenetic trees and explore sequence tracks for downstream analysis. (dnastar.com)
Sequence analysis revealed clustering of haplotypes within commercial farms and the USDA103 research line, but D-loop haplotypes were not sufficient to discriminate the USDA103 fish from commercial catfish. (labome.org)
Jankun Kelly T, Lindeman A, Bridges S. Exploratory visual analysis of conserved domains on multiple sequence alignments. (labome.org)
Multiple sequence alignment is widely used in the sequence analysis. (openwetware.org)
Summary: The MSAViewer is a quick and easy visualization and analysis JavaScript component for Multiple Sequence Alignment data of any size. (harvard.edu)
Valero, M. Quantitative analysis of sequence alignment applications on multiprocessor architectures. (upc.edu)
We identify bottlenecks that lead to processor underutilization and discuss the implications of our analysis on next-generation sequence aligner design. (eurecom.fr)
The workshop will introduce the principles of sequence analysis and its relationship to protein structure and function. (jalview.org)
The analysis provides evidence as to whether a dataset contains recombination, which sequence is a recombinant and where the recombination breakpoints are. (filetransit.com)
The analysis is based on explaining one sequence with all other sequences in the alignment using mutation and recombination. (filetransit.com)
A parametric analysis of the parameter alpha, which weights recombination cost against mutation cost, yields additional information as to which sequence might be recombinant. (filetransit.com)
BlastViewer is an easy to use software designed for everyday biological sequence analysis relying. (filetransit.com)
A set of programs for multiple sequence alignment and analysis. (filetransit.com)

Our approach applies multiple-sequence alignment to sentences gathered from unannotated comparable corpora: it learns a set of paraphrasing patterns represented by word lattice pairs and automatically determines how to apply these patterns to rewrite new sentences. (cornell.edu)
The DNALA method chooses pairs of sequences to be anonymized to a sequence of minimal distance between the pair, and generalizes the pair accordingly. (scribd.com)
Scientists can now generate the rough equivalent of an entire human genome (~3 billion base-pairs of DNA) in just a few days with one single sequencing instrument. (umd.edu)

Using simulated and real-world sequence data, we demonstrate that this approach produces better phylogenetic trees than alignment-free methods that rely on contiguous k-mers. (dagstuhl.de)
Continuing this process for all possible combinations of alignments produces an alignment score for each combination. (wikibooks.org)
Any sequencing technology produces errors. (wikibooks.org)

Sequence alignments are also used for non-biological sequences, such as calculating the distance cost between strings in a natural language or in financial data. (wikipedia.org)
class contains data from short-read sequences, including sequence headers, read sequences, quality scores for the sequences, and data about how each sequence aligns to a given reference. (mathworks.com)
This data is typically obtained from a high-throughput sequencing instrument. (mathworks.com)
object from short-read sequence data. (mathworks.com)
selects one or more references when the source data contains sequences mapped to more than one reference. (mathworks.com)
7] Recent research has demonstrated that DNA sequence data, devoid of any additional information beyond that of the originating institution, is vulnerable to attacks on privacy. (scribd.com)
AlignIR can operate as an independent program or as an add-on to e-Seq™ software that automatically assembles or aligns sequence data after autosequencing. (licor.com)
Perform accurate multiple sequence alignments of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences for both gene-level and genome-scale sequence data, then analyze in-depth. (dnastar.com)
This video walks you through different ways to add and organize your sequence data prior to performing an alignment. (dnastar.com)
Given sequencing data (reads) and the reference sequence for the species, comparing the reads to the reference is an easy way to detect small variations in the sequenced sample, such as SNPs and short InDels. (wikibooks.org)
Alignments of data from these re-sequenced organisms is a relatively simple method of detecting variation in samples. (wikibooks.org)
To compare the DNA of the sequenced sample to its reference sequence, we need to find the corresponding part of that sequence for each read in our sequencing data. (wikibooks.org)
We need to do that for each of the millions of reads in our sequencing data. (wikibooks.org)
Bio.AlignIO provides API similar to Bio.SeqIO except that the Bio.SeqIO works on the sequence data and Bio.AlignIO works on the sequence alignment data. (tutorialspoint.com)
It contains minimal data and enables us to work easily with the alignment. (tutorialspoint.com)
read method is used to read single alignment data available in the given file. (tutorialspoint.com)
In general, most of the sequence alignment files contain single alignment data and it is enough to use read method to parse it. (tutorialspoint.com)
Rather, they simulated synthetic DNA sequence data. (anthropology.net)
The advent of large genome projects has led to an explosion of sequence data in public databases. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

In this approach pairwise dynamic programming alignments are performed on each pair of sequences in the query set, and only the space near the n-dimensional intersection of these alignments is searched for the n-way alignment. (wikipedia.org)

Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. (nature.com)
MegAlign Pro 's multiple sequence alignment tools for DNA and protein include Clustal Omega, Clustal W, MAFFT, and MUSCLE. (dnastar.com)

Padding operations can be absent when an aligner does not support multiple sequence alignment. (nih.gov)

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. (jove.com)
Having sequenced an organism of a species before, and having constructed a reference sequence, re-sequencing more organisms of the same species allows us to see the genetic differences to the reference sequence, and, by extension, to each other. (wikibooks.org)

At the core of the problem is a tradeoff between speed versus sensitivity: just like you will miss some small or well-hidden Easter eggs if you scan a room only briefly, speeding up the search for similarities of protein sequences in a database typically comes with downside of missing some of the less obvious matches. (idw-online.de)
The search space thus increases exponentially with increasing n and is also strongly dependent on sequence length. (wikipedia.org)
Quantum Computing Approach for Alignment-Free Sequence Search and Classification. (igi-global.com)
The search will be restricted to the sequences in the database that correspond to your subset. (nih.gov)
Malde K, Furmanek T (2013) Increasing Sequence Search Sensitivity with Transitive Alignments. (bibsys.no)
The SSAHA search has been optimized for alignments of high percentage identity and display as results the most significant matches for ungapped alignments between sequences. (vectorbase.org)
If you know the ORF sequence, you could search for that within your new sequence to make sure you are on the right track to start. (scientistsolutions.com)

Thompson, J., Higgins, D., Gibson, T.: Clustal-w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. (springer.com)
We compare the results to direct pairwise alignments, and show that our method gives us higher sensitivity alignments against the target database. (bibsys.no)
This can be inferred from the increased alignment score and enhanced sensitivity for database searching using the sequence profiles derived from refined alignments compared with the original alignments. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

http://pynast.sf.net * License : GPL Programming Lang: Python Description : alignment of short DNA sequences The package provices a reimplementation of the Nearest Alignment Space Termination tool in python. (debian.org)
Read alignment maps short DNA sequences to a reference genome to discover conserved and polymorphic regions of the genome. (umd.edu)
Genome assembly computes the sequence of a genome from many short DNA sequences. (umd.edu)

At the moment, ForCon is able to convert in both ways, i.e. reading and writing - the following formats (or formats used by the following software packages): CLUSTAL EMBL FASTA GCG/MSF Hennig86 MEGA NBRF/PIR PAUP/Nexus Parsimony Jackknifer PHYLIP TREECON The following options are also included: - A selection of sequences can be made. (bio.net)
So the format says that it's bowtie2-build followed by a number of options, which are obviously null, followed by the reference fasta sequence, and then the prefix for the index. (coursera.org)
By this way u can save the entire sequence in fasta format as a single file which u can use further for alignment. (protocol-online.org)

Alignment of multiple protein sequences. (bioontology.org)

Without refinement, MUSCLE achieves average accuracy statistically indistinguishable from T-Coffee and MAFFT, and is the fastest of the tested methods for large numbers of sequences, aligning 5000 sequences of average length 350 in 7 min on a current desktop computer. (psu.edu)
Note that both of these are very fast tools for mapping very large numbers of sequences, and they do so by using a compressed representation of the genome as an index. (coursera.org)

The experimentation carried out compare the performance of our method and previous alignment methods. (springer.com)
These structure-based profiles outperformed other sequence-based methods for finding distant homologs and were used to identify a putative class II cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CysRS) in several archaea that eluded previous annotation studies. (pnas.org)
It uses an efficient divide-and-conquer strategy to run third-party alignment methods in linear time, regardless of their original complexity. (nature.com)
Multiple sequence alignment modeling: methods and applications. (nature.com)
In particular, they are much faster than alignment-based methods. (dagstuhl.de)
What multiple sequence alignment methods are available for DNA and protein? (dnastar.com)
MegAlign Pro makes it easy to to have multiple trees for a single alignment, so that you can easily compare using different phylogenetic methods or changes to the alignment. (dnastar.com)
There are various alignment methods used within multiple sequence to maximize scores and correctness of alignments. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence alignment methods predate dot-matrix searches, and all of the alignment methods in use today are related to the original method of Needleman and Wunsch (1970). (slideserve.com)
Different methods have been proposed to produce a multiple sequence alignment. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

The obtained machine compile the common features of the sequences, and can be used to align these sequences. (springer.com)
You can align DNA/protein sequences from several organisms, and find out their relative postions in phylogenic tree. (freshports.org)
Given a set of sequences and a template alignment, PyNAST will align the input sequences against the template alignment, and return a multiple sequence alignment which contains the same number of positions (or columns) as the template alignment. (debian.org)
I have a large number of accessions that I want to align and it's nearly impossible to get all the sequences and compare them. (protocol-online.org)
Given a number of sequences of symbols from an alphabet, the aim is to align them while maximizing some function. (sciweavers.org)
CLUSTAL will take long strings of DNA sequences and align them based upon their shared similarities. (anthropology.net)
Using tblastn, I've so far been unsuccessful in finding positions/sequence sections that align well to the sequence from the gene of interest and also do not align better to another sequence from another gene. (scientistsolutions.com)
To align with a cell in the diagonal means an alignment in the next position. (slideserve.com)

Under this model, it is impossible to observe or learn features that distinguish one genetic sequence record from k − 1 other entries. (scribd.com)
The unique host record, spore morphology, and novel genetic sequence derived from this isolate lead us to propose this isolate as a novel species, H. sutherlandi. (labome.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science39

Health Care15

Intracellular signalling: PDK1--a kinase at the hub of things. (1/38700)

Molecular phylogeny of the ETS gene family. (2/38700)

Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S. (3/38700)

A single membrane-embedded negative charge is critical for recognizing positively charged drugs by the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance protein MdfA. (4/38700)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (5/38700)

Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. (6/38700)

Analysis of two cosmid clones from chromosome 4 of Drosophila melanogaster reveals two new genes amid an unusual arrangement of repeated sequences. (7/38700)

The mouse Aire gene: comparative genomic sequencing, gene organization, and expression. (8/38700)

Sequence Alignment

Sequence Analysis, Protein

Software

Algorithms

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Computational Biology

Phylogeny

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Proteins

Databases, Protein

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Models, Molecular

Conserved Sequence

Internet

Base Sequence

Evolution, Molecular

User-Computer Interface

Software Validation

Structural Homology, Protein

Sequence Analysis

Sequence Analysis, RNA

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Computing Methodologies

Sequence Homology

Computer Graphics

Protein Structure, Secondary

Markov Chains

Protein Conformation

Genomics

Computer Simulation

Databases, Genetic

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Genome

Binding Sites

Databases, Factual

Word Processing

Databases, Nucleic Acid

Models, Genetic

Models, Statistical

Information Storage and Retrieval

Pattern Recognition, Automated

Cloning, Molecular

Amino Acid Motifs

Consensus Sequence

Likelihood Functions

Reproducibility of Results

Software Design

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

INDEL Mutation

Programming Languages

Cluster Analysis

RNA

Escherichia coli

Protein Folding

Database Management Systems

Bacterial Proteins

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Bone Malalignment

Multigene Family

Models, Chemical

Mutation

Artificial Intelligence

Amino Acid Substitution

Species Specificity

Catalytic Domain

DNA

Protein Binding

Structure-Activity Relationship

Substrate Specificity

Crystallography, X-Ray

Sensitivity and Specificity

Genetic Variation

Expressed Sequence Tags

Work Simplification

Bayes Theorem

Catalysis

Recombinant Proteins

Probability

DNA, Complementary