AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Sensory ThresholdsThermosensingSensationPain ThresholdTouchVibrationFecal IncontinencePeripheral Nervous System DiseasesPressureManometryPain MeasurementPainHot TemperatureDifferential ThresholdAuditory ThresholdNeural ConductionMedian NerveDiabetic NeuropathiesSural NerveUlnar NerveTibial NerveChinchillaHearing Loss, Noise-InducedNoiseNoise, OccupationalEar Protective DevicesStainless SteelExpert SystemsAlgorithmsPatents as TopicTelemetryNational SocialismMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrain MappingHypoglycemiaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesAwarenessSensitivity and SpecificityAutonomic Nervous SystemHyperalgesiaIntraoperative PeriodDose-Response Relationship, DrugPain, PostoperativeMammalsConservation of Natural ResourcesPinnipediaCetaceaEcosystemEnvironmentSeals, Earless
Sensory Thresholds: The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.Thermosensing: The sensation of cold, heat, coolness, and warmth as detected by THERMORECEPTORS.Sensation: The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Pain Threshold: Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.Touch: Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes.Vibration: A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Fecal Incontinence: Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.Peripheral Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Manometry: Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Hot Temperature: Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.Differential Threshold: The smallest difference which can be discriminated between two stimuli or one which is barely above the threshold.Auditory Threshold: The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.Neural Conduction: The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.Median Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.Diabetic Neuropathies: Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)Sural Nerve: A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.Ulnar Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.Tibial Nerve: The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.Chinchilla: A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.Noise: Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.Noise, Occupational: Noise present in occupational, industrial, and factory situations.Ear Protective Devices: Personal devices for protection of the ears from loud or high intensity noise, water, or cold. These include earmuffs and earplugs.Stainless Steel: Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Expert Systems: Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Patents as Topic: Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.Telemetry: Transmission of the readings of instruments to a remote location by means of wires, radio waves, or other means. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)National Socialism: The doctrines and policies of the Nazis or the National Social German Workers party, which ruled Germany under Adolf Hitler from 1933-1945. These doctrines and policies included racist nationalism, expansionism, and state control of the economy. (from Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. and American Heritage College Dictionary, 3d ed.)Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Brain Mapping: Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.Hypoglycemia: A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1: A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.Autonomic Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has components located in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Autonomic dysfunction may be associated with HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASES; BRAIN STEM disorders; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Manifestations include impairments of vegetative functions including the maintenance of BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART RATE; pupil function; SWEATING; REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY PHYSIOLOGY; and DIGESTION.Awareness: The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of, nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Autonomic Nervous System: The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.Hyperalgesia: An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.Intraoperative Period: The period during a surgical operation.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Pain, Postoperative: Pain during the period after surgery.Mammals: Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.Conservation of Natural Resources: The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.Pinnipedia: The suborder of aquatic CARNIVORA comprising the WALRUSES; FUR SEALS; SEA LIONS; and EARLESS SEALS. They have fusiform bodies with very short tails and are found on all sea coasts. The offspring are born on land.Cetacea: An order of wholly aquatic MAMMALS occurring in all the OCEANS and adjoining seas of the world, as well as in certain river systems. They feed generally on FISHES, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Most are gregarious and most have a relatively long period of parental care and maturation. Included are DOLPHINS; PORPOISES; and WHALES. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, pp969-70)Ecosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Environment: The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.Seals, Earless: The family Phocidae, suborder PINNIPEDIA, order CARNIVORA, comprising the true seals. They lack external ears and are unable to use their hind flippers to walk. It includes over 18 species including the harp seal, probably the best known seal species in the world.

Transient and permanent deficits in motion perception after lesions of cortical areas MT and MST in the macaque monkey. (1/3575)

We examined the nature and the selectivity of the motion deficits produced by lesions of extrastriate areas MT and MST. Lesions were made by injecting ibotenic acid into the representation of the left visual field in two macaque monkeys. The monkeys discriminated two stimuli that differed either in stimulus direction or orientation. Direction and orientation discrimination were assessed by measuring thresholds with gratings and random-dots placed in the intact or lesioned visual fields. At the start of behavioral testing, we found pronounced, motion-specific deficits in thresholds for all types of moving stimuli, including pronounced elevations in contrast thresholds and in signal-to-noise thresholds measured with moving gratings, as well as deficits in direction range thresholds and motion coherence measured with random-dot stimuli. In addition, the accuracy of direction discrimination was reduced at smaller spatial displacements (i.e. step sizes), suggesting an increase in spatial scale of the residual directional mechanism. Subsequent improvements in thresholds were seen with all motion stimuli, as behavioral training progressed, and these improvements occurred only with extensive behavioral testing in the lesioned visual field. These improvements were particularly pronounced for stimuli not masked by noise. On the other hand, deficits in the ability to extract motion from noisy stimuli and in the accuracy of direction discrimination persisted despite extensive behavioral training. These results demonstrate the importance of areas MT and MST for the perception of motion direction, particularly in the presence of noise. In addition, they provide evidence for the importance of behavioral training for functional recovery after cortical lesions. The data also strongly support the idea of functional specialization of areas MT and MST for motion processing.  (+info)

Spinal cord-evoked potentials and muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 awake human subjects. (2/3575)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TCMS) causes leg muscle contractions, but the neural structures in the brain that are activated by TCMS and their relationship to these leg muscle responses are not clearly understood. To elucidate this, we concomitantly recorded leg muscle responses and thoracic spinal cord-evoked potentials (SCEPs) after TCMS for the first time in 10 awake, neurologically intact human subjects. In this report we provide evidence of direct and indirect activation of corticospinal neurons after TCMS. In three subjects, SCEP threshold (T) stimulus intensities recruited both the D wave (direct activation of corticospinal neurons) and the first I wave (I1, indirect activation of corticospinal neurons). In one subject, the D, I1, and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously, and in another subject, the I1 and I2 waves were recruited simultaneously. In the remaining five subjects, only the I1 wave was recruited first. More waves were recruited as the stimulus intensity increased. The presence of D and I waves in all subjects at low stimulus intensities verified that TCMS directly and indirectly activated corticospinal neurons supplying the lower extremities. Leg muscle responses were usually contingent on the SCEP containing at least four waves (D, I1, I2, and I3).  (+info)

Electrophysiological evidence for tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in slowly conducting dural sensory fibers. (3/3575)

A tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant sodium channel was recently identified that is expressed only in small diameter neurons of peripheral sensory ganglia. The peripheral axons of sensory neurons appear to lack this channel, but its presence has not been investigated in peripheral nerve endings, the site of sensory transduction in vivo. We investigated the effect of TTX on mechanoresponsiveness in nerve endings of sensory neurons that innervate the intracranial dura. Because the degree of TTX resistance of axonal branches could potentially be affected by factors other than channel subtype, the neurons were also tested for sensitivity to lidocaine, which blocks both TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant sodium channels. Single-unit activity was recorded from dural afferent neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of urethan-anesthetized rats. Response thresholds to mechanical stimulation of the dura were determined with von Frey monofilaments while exposing the dura to progressively increasing concentrations of TTX or lidocaine. Neurons with slowly conducting axons were relatively resistant to TTX. Application of 1 microM TTX produced complete suppression of mechanoresponsiveness in all (11/11) fast A-delta units [conduction velocity (c.v.) 5-18 m/s] but only 50% (5/10) of slow A-delta units (1.5 +info)

Uninjured C-fiber nociceptors develop spontaneous activity and alpha-adrenergic sensitivity following L6 spinal nerve ligation in monkey. (4/3575)

We investigated whether uninjured cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors in primates develop abnormal responses after partial denervation of the skin. Partial denervation was induced by tightly ligating spinal nerve L6 that innervates the dorsum of the foot. Using an in vitro skin-nerve preparation, we recorded from uninjured single afferent nerve fibers in the superficial peroneal nerve. Recordings were made from 32 C-fiber nociceptors 2-3 wk after ligation and from 29 C-fiber nociceptors in control animals. Phenylephrine, a selective alpha1-adrenergic agonist, and UK14304 (UK), a selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, were applied to the receptive field for 5 min in increasing concentrations from 0.1 to 100 microM. Nociceptors from in vitro control experiments were not significantly different from nociceptors recorded by us previously in in vivo experiments. In comparison to in vitro control animals, the afferents found in lesioned animals had 1) a significantly higher incidence of spontaneous activity, 2) a significantly higher incidence of response to phenylephrine, and 3) a higher incidence of response to UK. In lesioned animals, the peak response to phenylephrine was significantly greater than to UK, and the mechanical threshold of phenylephrine-sensitive afferents was significantly lower than for phenylephrine-insensitive afferents. Staining with protein gene product 9.5 revealed an approximately 55% reduction in the number of unmyelinated terminals in the epidermis of the lesioned limb compared with the contralateral limb. Thus uninjured cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors that innervate skin partially denervated by ligation of a spinal nerve acquire two abnormal properties: spontaneous activity and alpha-adrenergic sensitivity. These abnormalities in nociceptor function may contribute to neuropathic pain.  (+info)

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for nasal pungency thresholds of volatile organic compounds. (5/3575)

A model was developed for describing the triggering of nasal pungency in humans, based on the partition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the air phase and the biophase. Two partition parameters are used in the model: the water-air partition coefficient and the octanol-water partition coefficient. The model was validated using data from the literature, principally on alcohols, acetates and ketones. The model suggests that all test compounds, regardless of their chemical functional groups, bind to a common receptor site within the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer membrane of the trigeminal nerve endings. There is probably only a slight, non-specific interaction between the VOC molecule and the receptor molecule, whereas this type of non-specific interaction for the detection of odor is much stronger. In practical terms, the suggestion that all VOCs share a common irritation receptor site implies that nasal-pungency thresholds of individual VOCs may be additive. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for nasal-pungency thresholds were also developed from the model, which can be used to predict nasal-pungency thresholds of common VOCs. Although the present model does not offer additional precision over that of M.H. Abraham et al., 1996, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 31, 71-76, it requires fewer descriptors and offers a physiological basis to the QSAR. Another advantage of the present model is that it also provides a basis for comparison between the olfactory process and nasal pungency.  (+info)

Paradoxical heat sensation in healthy subjects: peripherally conducted by A delta or C fibres? (6/3575)

Paradoxical heat sensation upon cooling of the skin has been reported in central as well as in peripheral neurological conditions. In our study, we examined this phenomenon in 35 naive healthy test subjects, of whom 23 experienced paradoxical heat sensation under test conditions. We measured the peripheral conduction velocities of cold sensation, warm sensation and of paradoxical heat sensation by using a quantitative sensory testing model of indirect peripheral conduction velocity measurement. This was based on comparison of measurements at a proximal and a distal site using two measurement methods, one inclusive and the other exclusive of reaction time. We found that the conduction velocity of paradoxical heat sensation (0.70 m/s) was similar to that of warm sensation (0.68 m/s), and that the conduction velocity of cold sensation (7.74-8.01 m/s) was considerably faster. Thus, we conclude that paradoxical heat sensation in healthy subjects is conducted peripherally via slow unmyelinated C fibres and not via the faster A delta fibres. Consequently, we propose that paradoxical heat sensation is encoded via the heat sensing pathway, in accordance with the labelled-line code theory. The mechanisms proposed suggest a malfunctioning cold-sensing pathway disinhibiting the heat-sensing pathway, at peripheral, central or both levels, thus facilitating a paradoxical heat sensation.  (+info)

Impairment in preattentive visual processing in patients with Parkinson's disease. (7/3575)

We explored the possibility of whether preattentive visual processing is impaired in Parkinson's disease. With this aim, visual discrimination thresholds for orientation texture stimuli were determined in two separate measurement sessions in 16 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The results were compared with those of 16 control subjects age-matched and 16 young healthy volunteers. Discrimination thresholds were measured in a four-alternative spatial forced-choice paradigm, in which subjects judged the location of a target embedded in a background of distractors. Four different stimulus configurations were employed: (i) a group of vertical targets among horizontal distractors ('vertical line targets'); (ii) targets with varying levels of orientation difference on a background of spatially filtered vertically oriented noise ('Gaussian filtered noise'); (iii) one 'L' among 43 '+' signs ('texton'), all of which assess preattentive visual processing; and (iv) control condition, of one 'L' among 43 'T' distractors ('non-texton' search target), which reflects attentive visual processing. In two of the preattentive tasks (filtered noise and texton), patients with Parkinson's disease required significantly greater orientation differences and longer stimulus durations, respectively. In contrast, their performance in the vertical line target and non-texton search target was comparable to that of the matched control subjects. These differences were more pronounced in the first compared with the second session. Duration of illness and age within the patient group correlated significantly with test performance. In all conditions tested, the young control subjects performed significantly better than the more elderly control group, further indicating an effect of age on this form of visual processing. The results suggest that, in addition to the well documented impairment in retinal processing, idiopathic Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficit in preattentive cortical visual processing.  (+info)

NOS inhibitor antagonism of PGE2-induced mechanical sensitization of cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors in the rat. (8/3575)

Prostaglandins, metabolites of arachidonic acid, released during tissue injury and inflammation sensitize primary afferent nociceptors. While it has been suggested that this effect on nociceptors is mediated mainly via the cAMP second messenger system, recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is also involved in peripheral pain mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that NO contributes to the sensitization of nociceptors to mechanical stimuli induced by hyperalgesic prostaglandins, we compared von Frey hair mechanical threshold as well as the response evoked by 10-s sustained threshold mechanical stimulation before and after injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alone, and NOS inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) or its inactive stereoisomer NG-methyl-D-arginine (D-NMA) plus PGE2, adjacent to the receptive field of C-fiber nociceptors. The reduction of mechanical threshold and increase in number of action potentials to sustained mechanical stimulation induced by intradermal application of PGE2 was blocked by L-NMA, but not D-NMA. It is suggested that NO contributes to nociceptor sensitization induced by hyperalgesic prostaglandins.  (+info)

Threshold changes in vegetation along a grazing gradient in Mongolian rangelands - Sasaki - 2007 - Journal of Ecology - Wiley...Threshold changes in vegetation along a grazing gradient in Mongolian rangelands - Sasaki - 2007 - Journal of Ecology - Wiley...
The concept of a threshold has become important in ecology and natural resources management (Lindenmayer & Luck 2005; Briske et al. 2006; Groffman et al. 2006). Critical thresholds occur when the response of a species or ecological process to disturbance is not linear, but instead changes abruptly at some threshold level. Exceeding this threshold leads to a loss of ecosystem functions and biodiversity; change in the opposite direction can instead lead to recovery if the threshold change can be reversed. Typical examples include observations that the loss of native vegetation cover to levels below a threshold leads to increased loss of species that depend on that native vegetation (Fahrig 2003; Radford et al. 2005) and that floristic composition changes abruptly at a threshold distance from habitat edges (Toms & Lesperance 2003). A comprehensive understanding of whether such threshold changes exist in rangeland ecosystems may be achieved through a grazing gradient approach (Lange 1969; Andrew ...
Frontiers | Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Increase above the Age of 40 | NeurologyFrontiers | Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Increase above the Age of 40 | Neurology
We measured vestibular perceptual thresholds in 105 healthy humans (54F/51M) ranging from 18 to 80 years of age. Direction-recognition thresholds were measured using standard methods. The motion consisted of single cycles of sinusoidal acceleration at 0.2 Hz for roll tilt and 1.0 Hz for yaw rotation about an earth-vertical axis, inter-aural earth-horizontal translation (y-translation), inferior-superior earth-vertical translation (z-translation), and roll tilt. A large subset of this population (99 of 105) also performed a modified Romberg test of standing balance. Despite the relatively large population (54F/51M), we found no difference between thresholds of male and female subjects. After pooling across sex, we found that thresholds increased above the age of 40 for all five motion-directions investigated. The data were best modeled by a two-segment age model that yielded a constant baseline below an age cut-off of about 40 and a threshold increase above the age cut-off. For all subjects who passed
Detection threshold for percutaneous electrical stimuli: asymmetry with respect to handedness. | Journal of Neurology,...Detection threshold for percutaneous electrical stimuli: asymmetry with respect to handedness. | Journal of Neurology,...
Sensory strength-duration curves were obtained using percutaneous true square-wave pulses ranging from 0.1 to 20.0 ms produced by an isolated constant current stimulator. In 119 healthy volunteers sensory thresholds were measured bilaterally by stimulating the distal phalange of the little finger. In order to examine the relationship of sensory threshold and handedness the latter was assessed by means of the Edinburgh Inventory. An asymmetry of sensory threshold was found for all the subjects and this was more pronounced with shorter stimuli. Of right-handers tested 73.5% had a lower threshold on the left side while 70.8% of left-handers had a lower threshold on the right side. Although threshold asymmetry is associated with handedness this is not necessarily due to cerebral lateralization.. ...
Magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac pacemaker safety at 1.5-Tesla | JACC: Journal of the American College of CardiologyMagnetic resonance imaging and cardiac pacemaker safety at 1.5-Tesla | JACC: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
The threshold data were analyzed with respect to SAR, anatomy imaged, cardiac chamber, and time from lead implant to the MRI examination. Any change in threshold was considered important, even though only increases in these values are detrimental.. One study suggests that limiting the distance from the pacemaker pulse generator to the anatomical region being imaged is beneficial to MRI safety (20). Therefore, the data were analyzed with respect to the anatomy that underwent imaging. For ease of statistical analysis, the MRI examinations were grouped into above and below the diaphragm. Neither anatomical region was associated with pacing threshold changes.. Pacing thresholds were also examined as a function of cardiac chamber. It was theorized that the atrium, because of its smaller mass with possible less heat transfer, would more readily undergo threshold changes than would the ventricle. However, the atrium was no more likely to develop pacing threshold changes than was the ventricle.. Because ...
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Patent US6587723 - Method and system for automatically measuring capture threshold in an ... - Google PatentsPatent US6587723 - Method and system for automatically measuring capture threshold in an ... - Google Patents
An implantable cardiac stimulation device with automatic threshold testing capabilities. The device utilizes an algorithm for measuring a first and a second threshold settings. The first threshold setting is determined by decreasing the stimulation energy from an initially high, supra-threshold value until loss of capture is detected, and is set as the pulse energy at which capture is still detected. The second threshold setting is determined by increasing the stimulation energy from an initially low, sub-threshold value until capture is detected, and is set as the stimulation energy at which capture is regained. The algorithm further determines if the threshold test results are reliable by comparing the difference between the first and second threshold settings to an expected difference, known as the Wedensky Effect value. A deviation from the Wedensky Effect value which is known for a given patient, indicates a discrepancy in the threshold test result. Such a deviation could be used to indicate when a
Effect of Complex Score Threshold on MCODE Prediction A | Open-iEffect of Complex Score Threshold on MCODE Prediction A | Open-i
Effect of Complex Score Threshold on MCODE Prediction Accuracy Figure legend: MCODE complexes equal to or greater than a specific score were compared to a bench
Patent US6868114 - Interference suppression in a spread spectrum communications system using ... - Google PatentsPatent US6868114 - Interference suppression in a spread spectrum communications system using ... - Google Patents
In a frequency-domain excision system for a wide band receiver, a window function is applied to blocks of received signal samples and a transform function is applied to the windowed blocks. Each block of frequency-domain coefficients from the transform function is morphologically filtered to generate a threshold function representing an estimate of the spectrum of the desired wide band signal, and a non-linear gain function is applied to the coefficients. The gain function has a fixed-gain region for input values less than a threshold value from the threshold function, an excision region for input values greater than a multiple of the threshold value, and a soft limiting region between the fixed-gain region and the excision region. The inverse transform is performed on the excised blocks of coefficients, and an overlap-eliminating central portion of the inverse of the window function is applied to the resulting blocks of signal samples.
RESPIRATORY EFFECTS UPON THE VISUAL THRESHOLD | JGPRESPIRATORY EFFECTS UPON THE VISUAL THRESHOLD | JGP
Measurements are reported of the effects of respiratory stresses upon the absolute threshold of peripheral (rod) vision. Since subjects were kept wholly dark adapted and the photochemical system of the rods therefore stationary, the changes recorded may be assumed to have originated more centrally. To this degree the measurements provide a quantitative index of central nervous imbalance.. Breathing room air or 32 to 36 per cent oxygen at about double the normal rate causes the visual threshold to fall to approximately half the normal value within 5 to 10 minutes.. This change is due primarily to alkalosis induced by the hyperventilation, and can be abolished or reversed by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired mixtures. Normal or rapid breathing of 2 per cent carbon dioxide causes no change in threshold; with 5 per cent carbon dioxide the threshold is approximately doubled.. Breathing 10 per cent oxygen at the normal rate also approximately doubles the threshold. This effect is compensated in ...
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Detection Threshold for Sonar - Discovery of Sound in the SeaDetection Threshold for Sonar - Discovery of Sound in the Sea
The amount by which the SNR exceeds the detection threshold, DT, is called the signal excess (SE):. SE (decibels) = SNR - DT = (SL - 2TL + TS - NL) - DT. If the SE is greater than 0 dB, then the decision is made that the target is present. If the SE is negative, the decision is that the target is not present.. If the detection threshold is set high (which is equivalent to assuming that the signal power is high relative to the noise) only strong targets will exceed the threshold and be detected. There will not be many "false alarms" in which noise is mistakenly decided to be the signal of interest; however, there may be many "misses" in which the signal, though present, is not detected. If the threshold is set low, weaker targets will be detected, but the number of "false alarms" will also increase.. The following figure shows the importance of setting the detection threshold. The top trace (a) shows three target echoes with different amplitudes. The middle trace (b) shows the noise. The bottom ...
New Study on Thresholds of Biomechanical Loads due to Collisions Between Robots and HumansNew Study on Thresholds of Biomechanical Loads due to Collisions Between Robots and Humans
Teamwork between humans and robots will be the motto of the future. But robots may not injure humans at all. When does contact cause an injury, though? Researchers are exploring this for the first time in a study.
classification - What do the thresholds on x and y axis of ROC curve represent? - Cross Validatedclassification - What do the thresholds on x and y axis of ROC curve represent? - Cross Validated
functions to compute true and false positive rates TPR ,- function(d, th){ sum(d$signal=="present" & d$measurement,=th) / sum(d$signal=="present")} FPR ,- function(d, th){ sum(d$signal=="absent" & d$measurement,=th) / sum(d$signal=="absent")} # use all the sorted values are possible threshods thresholds ,- sort(d$measurement) roc ,- data.frame(y=sapply(thresholds, function(th){TPR(d,th)}), x=sapply(thresholds, function(th){FPR(d,th)}) ) ggplot(roc,aes(x,y))+geom_point()+theme_bw()+labs(y="fraction of signal present\nmeasurements ,= threshold\n(true positive rate)", x="fraction of signal absent\nmeasurements ,= threshold\n(false positive rate)")+geom_abline(intercept=0,slope=1,lty=2 ...
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The ECLAMC surveillance data, like data from other surveillance systems,3132 records diagnoses made by clinicians for clinical (not research) purposes, which are only to a limited extent subject to standardisation by belonging to a surveillance network. In our data, about half of cases had a head size larger than −3 SD (according to the Intergrowth curve), including some larger than −2 SD in whom other signs indicated an abnormally small brain. This is despite the ECLAMC recommendation to use a threshold of −3 SD. Some of this discrepancy may relate to differences between the growth charts used (Intergrowth charts were not widely used in this period) and whether they explicitly show the −3 SD threshold measurements. Most readily available charts, including Intergrowth, showed only the third centile during this period,35414243 the third centile being equivalent to the lowest 3% of measurements of the reference population compared with 2.3% for −2 SD and 0.13% for −3 SD in a normal ...
Presynaptic Spontaneous Activity Enhances the Accuracy of Latency Coding | MIT CogNetPresynaptic Spontaneous Activity Enhances the Accuracy of Latency Coding | MIT CogNet
The time to the first spike after stimulus onset typically varies with the stimulation intensity. Experimental evidence suggests that neural systems use such response latency to encode information about the stimulus. We investigate the decoding accuracy of the latency code in relation to the level of noise in the form of presynaptic spontaneous activity. Paradoxically, the optimal performance is achieved at a nonzero level of noise and suprathreshold stimulus intensities. We argue that this phenomenon results from the influence of the spontaneous activity on the stabilization of the membrane potential in the absence of stimulation. The reported decoding accuracy improvement represents a novel manifestation of the noise-aided signal enhancement.. ...
Exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetes: a quantitative analysis of anginal perceptual threshold and the influence of...Exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetes: a quantitative analysis of anginal perceptual threshold and the influence of...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Spike-accomodation in the hippocampusSpike-accomodation in the hippocampus
In article ,2k61tf$p90 at news.u.washington.edu,, wcalvin at u.washington.edu (William Calvin) writes: ,, kisley at spot.Colorado.EDU (Michael Kisley) writes: ,, ,, ,I am seeking references regarding spike-accomodation in pyramidal cells ,, ,(or any other cell types) in the hippocampal formation. I am primarily ,, ,speaking of the tendency for decreased spiking response to non-novel ,, ,stimulation. Nevertheless, Id likely be interested in looking at any paper ,, ,, What you are looking for is generally called adaptation in spiking; ,, accommodation is generally reserved for threshold changes to a slow ,, depolarization. Actually, the tendency to ignore non-novel stimuli can also be a form of accommodation since it can occur as a function of threshold modification. See; AV Hill (1936) Excitation and Accommodation in Nerve. Proc. Royal Soc. London, B, 119:305:355 and some variation on the theme to include spiking behavior: BR Parnas and ER Lewis (1993) A computationally efficient spike ...
AIIMS AIPMT JIPMER MCAT - Human Neural System Practice Questions - HourlyBookAIIMS AIPMT JIPMER MCAT - Human Neural System Practice Questions - HourlyBook
16. An investigator places an isolated neuron in a calcium-free medium, gives the neuron a suprathreshold stimulus and then performs an assay to test whether neurotransmitter is released into the medium. Which of the following outcomes would you predict? ...
Unscramble staircases | Words unscrambled from letters staircases | Scrabble Word staircases | Words Made with the Letters...Unscramble staircases | Words unscrambled from letters staircases | Scrabble Word staircases | Words Made with the Letters...
Unscramble staircases, Unscramble letters staircases, Point value for staircases, Word Decoder for staircases, Word generator using the letters staircases, Word Solver staircases, Possible Scrabble words with staircases, Anagram of staircases
Management of the Patient with an Acute Massive Rise in the Capture Threshold - CogprintsManagement of the Patient with an Acute Massive Rise in the Capture Threshold - Cogprints
Since the introduction of steroid eluting electrodes, the incidence of an early massive rise in the capture threshold that either exceeds or threatens to exceed the programmed output of the pacemaker has declined but has not totally disappeared1 If a persistent or massive threshold rise is encountered in the days to months post-implant, one consideration is microinstability of the lead. In this setting, there may be a change in the morphology of the pacemaker evoked depolarization on the ECG or a change in the physical location of the lead as assessed with a chest x-ray. Another marker is fluctuations in the capture threshold on repeated assessments at the same office or clinic visit. The options for this problem include an operative procedure to reposition or replace the lead or to closely observe the patient hoping that the lead settles into a secure location. Another potential totally reversible cause is the introduction of an new medication or herb. If the possible explanations for threshold ...
Pourquoi les triathlètes devraient sentraîner en zone 2 - Triathlon CanadaPourquoi les triathlètes devraient s'entraîner en zone 2 - Triathlon Canada
The primary benefit of Zone 2 training is that it builds aerobic base and endurance. Increased aerobic capacity enhances your ability to sustain a sub-threshold pace for a longer period of time. In conjunction with higher intensity efforts, Zone 2 is the foundation from which to begin to build threshold fitness. Strong aerobic capacity also allows you to recover more quickly between those higher intensity efforts as you progress into your season. For example, with strong aerobic fitness, you may ultimately be able to perform intervals with a shorter rest in between, or be able to perform a higher volume of intervals at the same pace ...
Download Natural English Intermediate WorkbookDownload Natural English Intermediate Workbook
He still is the regulatory download natural gushing in most pandemic beds: how to stop and risk with the main whole or mankind to be you to your practitioners. Ringo on parents and Robert and Dean DeLeo from Stone Temple Pilots on threshold and example. As a variation this multiple
Grand means of evoked potentials in selected peripheral | Open-iGrand means of evoked potentials in selected peripheral | Open-i
Grand means of evoked potentials in selected peripheral leads which illustrate short-latency effects produced by (A) sub-threshold (−12 dB re VT) and (B) sup
Information for Medical Professionals - Teds Brain ScienceInformation for Medical Professionals - Ted's Brain Science
Nociceptor hypersensitivity often outlasts the original injury. Untreated, it can even become permanent. Recent pre-clinical peer-reviewed research published by Dr. Ted Price and Dr. Greg Dussor suggests that the ingredients in Teds Pain Cream appear over time to reset the sensitivity threshold of nociceptors to their
Probability and Threshold Test PageProbability and Threshold Test Page
Bar graphs indicate the probability of selected flight category element. The color represents the difference (using 10% thresholds between categories) between the probability and the threshold required to make a categorical forecast. Solid black lines indicate the threshold value at each hour ...
Probability and Threshold Test PageProbability and Threshold Test Page
Bar graphs indicate the probability of selected flight category element. The color represents the difference (using 10% thresholds between categories) between the probability and the threshold required to make a categorical forecast. Solid black lines indicate the threshold value at each hour ...
Spatial long-range modulation of contrast discrimination | (2000) | Chen | Publications | SpieSpatial long-range modulation of contrast discrimination | (2000) | Chen | Publications | Spie
Contrast discrimination is an important type of information for establishing image quality metrics based on human vision. We used a dual-masking paradigm to study how contrast discrimination can be influenced by the presence of adjacent stimuli. In a dual masking paradigm, the observers task is to detect a target superimposed on a pedestal in the presence of flankers. The flankers (1) reduce the target threshold at zero pedestal contrast; (2) reduce the size of pedestal facilitation at low pedestal contrasts; and (3) shift the TvC (Target threshold vs. pedestal contrast) function horizontally to the left on a log-log plot at high pedestal contrasts. The horizontal shift at high pedestal contrasts suggests that the flanker effect is a multiplicative factor that cannot be explained by previous models of contrast discrimination. We extended a divisive inhibition model of contrast discrimination by implementing the flanker effect as a multiplicative sensitivity modulation factor that account for ...
Age-related changes in contrast gain related to the M and P pathways | JOV | ARVO JournalsAge-related changes in contrast gain related to the M and P pathways | JOV | ARVO Journals
The observed shift in the contrast gain function is consistent with previous measures of spatial vision loss with age. For instance, Sloane, Owsley, and Jackson (1988) measured contrast sensitivity for young and old observers with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 8 c/deg and luminance levels ranging from mesopic to photopic. At a low temporal frequency, the slope of the sensitivity function (inverse of the threshold function) spanning the range of luminance was steeper for older than younger observers at spatial frequencies below 4 c/deg. This means that older observers required more contrast at low luminance levels to detect a sine-wave grating than their younger counterparts. This pattern of contrast sensitivity loss is consistent with a reduction in the contrast gain slope of the underlying mechanism at low spatial frequencies. In addition, suprathreshold measures of spatial vision performance also support a reduction in contrast gain within one (or both) of the pathways. Losses in ...
Classification method of ultrasonic images of fatty livers based on threshold segmentation--《Computer Engineering and...Classification method of ultrasonic images of fatty livers based on threshold segmentation--《Computer Engineering and...
A classification method of ultrasonic liver image is studied based on threshold segmentation.Under the condition of minimizing the false-negative probabilityt,he confidence intervals of gray levels which are normal distributions in normal and fatty liver images can be obtained by minimizing the false-positive rate.Then classify the images by comparing the seg-mented images with the interval thresholds.The experimental results show that the classification rate of normal livers reaches to 100% for testing or training datat,he classification rate of fatty livers reaches to 96.3% for testing or training data.Com-pared with the Back Propagation Neural Network(BP NN) methodt,he method costs less time than BP NN method when they have the same performance.
An experimental investigation of the phenomenon of auditory fatigue - Durham e-ThesesAn experimental investigation of the phenomenon of auditory fatigue - Durham e-Theses
Auditory fatigue is now known as Temporary Threshold Shift (subsequently abbreviated to TTS). It has been defined as the temporary elevation in the absolute threshold of hearing for a given test sound resulting from preceding auditory stimulation by a given stimulus sound (see Hirsh, 1952, page 177). Associated with the phenomenon there are six physical variables which sub-divide themselves into stimulus, test and recovery factors. In IMS study each of the latter factors was systematically Investigated using four groups of six undergraduate subjects. Thresholds were measured using the Bek6sy (1947) technique of threshold measurement. Control experiments were carried out to verify that TTS results from the application of the stimulus tone, to study the mechanisms involved in the Bekesy technique of threshold measurement and the effects of this technique on the measurement of TTS, to investigate any additive effects of TTS and to study the possibility of any measurement errors resulting from the ...
CAPTURE THRESHOLD MEASUREMENT FOR SELECTION OF PACING VECTOR - Patent applicationCAPTURE THRESHOLD MEASUREMENT FOR SELECTION OF PACING VECTOR - Patent application
0079] In another example implementation, electrical sensing module 86 and capture detection module 90 determine whether capture has occurred based on the LVP-RVS conduction times, as described above, as well as the evoked response in the LV. In particular, electrical sensing module 86 and evoked response detection module 94 of capture detection module 90 determine whether there has been an evoked response by measuring the amplitude of the response in the LV as well as time between the LVP and the evoked response in the LV. In order for capture to have occurred, the time between the LVP and the evoked response in the LV should be within a prescribed window, and the amplitude of the response should be greater than some threshold value. Processor 80 may retrieve the previously stored threshold value from memory 82 and capture detection module 90 may compare the measured amplitude of the response to the threshold value. In addition, for each vector tested at each particular voltage, processor 80 may ...
Spike-Threshold Adaptation Predicted by Membrane Potential Dynamics In Vivo<...Spike-Threshold Adaptation Predicted by Membrane Potential Dynamics In Vivo<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Spike-Threshold Adaptation Predicted by Membrane Potential Dynamics In Vivo. AU - Fontaine, Bertrand. AU - Peña, José Luis. AU - Brette, Romain. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2014/4. Y1 - 2014/4. N2 - Neurons encode information in sequences of spikes, which are triggered when their membrane potential crosses a threshold. In vivo, the spiking threshold displays large variability suggesting that threshold dynamics have a profound influence on how the combined input of a neuron is encoded in the spiking. Threshold variability could be explained by adaptation to the membrane potential. However, it could also be the case that most threshold variability reflects noise and processes other than threshold adaptation. Here, we investigated threshold variation in auditory neurons responses recorded in vivo in barn owls. We found that spike threshold is quantitatively predicted by a model in which the threshold adapts, tracking the membrane ...
Depth motion sensitivity functionsDepth motion sensitivity functions
Functions reliably describing perception of motion in depth have been established experimentally by using psychophysical methods of size and distance estimations and threshold measurements. The stimuli were generated with a new hybrid technique yielding a. ...
Crowding and surround suppression: Not to be confused | JOV | ARVO JournalsCrowding and surround suppression: Not to be confused | JOV | ARVO Journals
Crowding and surround suppression share many similarities, which suggests the possibility of a common mechanism. Despite decades of research, there has been little effort to compare the two phenomena in a consistent fashion. A recent study by D. M. Levi, S. Hariharan, and S. A. Klein (2002) argues that the two are unrelated because crowding effects can be much stronger than suppression effects. Here we report experiments in which the same Gabor target was used both for orientation identification (crowding) and contrast detection (suppression) tasks. In agreement with early crowding studies (e.g., H. Bouma, 1973) we found, that an outward mask is much more effective than an inward mask for the orientation identification task. Notably, no such anisotropy was observed for the contrast detection task, commonly used to measure surround suppression. The anisotropic masking, which defines crowding, is observed only at fine scales (roughly within an octave of the acuity limit), whereas surround ...
Part 18 - Emergency AcquisitionsPart 18 - Emergency Acquisitions
a) Micro-purchase threshold. The threshold increases when the head of the agency determines the supplies or services are to be used to facilitate defense against or recovery from cyber, nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attack; to facilitate provision of international disaster assistance; or to support response to an emergency or major disaster. (See 2.101.). (b) Simplified acquisition threshold. The threshold increases when the head of the agency determines the supplies or services are to be used to facilitate defense against or recovery from cyber, nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological attack; to facilitate provision of international disaster assistance; or to support response to an emergency or major disaster. (See 2.101.). (c) Treating certain items as commercial. Contracting officers may treat any acquisition of supplies or services as an acquisition of commercial items if the head of the agency determines the acquisition is to be used to facilitate the defense against ...
TRU RED™ File Pockets, 5.25 Expansion, Letter Size, Assorted Colors, 5/Pack (TR765503) | Quill.comTRU RED™ File Pockets, 5.25" Expansion, Letter Size, Assorted Colors, 5/Pack (TR765503) | Quill.com
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Smead Hanging File Folder Frames, Letter Size, Gray, 2/Pack (64870) | Quill.comSmead Hanging File Folder Frames, Letter Size, Gray, 2/Pack (64870) | Quill.com
See pricing info, deals and product reviews for Smead Hanging File Folder Frames, Letter Size, Gray, 2/Pack (64870) at Quill.com. Order online today and get fast, free shipping for your business.
The Generalized Signal Detection TheoryThe Generalized Signal Detection Theory
misc{71171638-c472-49a9-84cf-124384b2c492, author = {Hellman, Johan and Sikström, Sverker}, keyword = {Memory,Signal Detection Theory,ROC curve,Attention}, language = {eng}, title = {The Generalized Signal Detection Theory}, year = {2012 ...
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At high contrast, performance of both patients and controls deteriorated as the stimulus size increased (F(2,27) = 38; p , 0.001) (Fig. 3, right panel). This pattern of results can be construed as an indicator of the presence of antagonistic center-surround interactions (Tadin et al., 2003). At high contrast, no main effects of group were found (F(1,28) = 1.76; p = 0.19). The only observed deficit was in a condition in which patients discriminated a small (1°) high-contrast motion (t(28) = 2.29; p = 0.03). The magnitude of the observed deficit was comparable with the threshold increases observed for low-contrast moving stimuli (Fig. 3). Importantly, as the stimulus size increased, the difference between patient and control data were eliminated. The interaction, however, was not significant (F(2,27) = 1.72; p = 0.19). This pattern of results might indicate that patients are selectively impaired in perceiving small moving objects. However, we find no evidence for such selective impairment in the ...
Age-Related Cochlear Synaptopathy: An Early-Onset Contributor to Auditory Functional Decline | Journal of NeuroscienceAge-Related Cochlear Synaptopathy: An Early-Onset Contributor to Auditory Functional Decline | Journal of Neuroscience
Auditory function declines with age, with reductions in threshold sensitivity and speech discrimination, particularly in noise, commonly observed (Working Group on Speech Understanding, Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics, 1988; Goŕdon-Salant, 2005). Understanding of the cellular changes that lead to these outcomes remains fragmentary, and clinical assessments provide an incomplete picture of the sites of involvement and the perceptual impacts of auditory aging.. The loss of threshold sensitivity that accompanies auditory aging is primarily peripheral in origin, and often sensory (i.e., related to hair cell damage or loss) in nature. Much experimental effort has focused on correlating such age-related threshold shifts with hair cell loss, and therapeutic interventions have concentrated on improving "audibility" through amplification. However, threshold sensitivity loss is not the only, and arguably not the primary, handicapping dysfunction of auditory aging. Aging listeners ...
CASE IV (QST) Quantitative Sensation Testing LabCASE IV (QST) Quantitative Sensation Testing Lab
Safe and proven testing patterns developed at the Mayo Clinic® assist in the assessment of sensory abnormalities due to neurologic disease, help in the determination of type of dysfunctional fibers, and quantitatively verify the effectiveness of small and large unmyelinated nerve fibers.. The CASE IV QST lab utilizes two stimulators to determine sensory threshold. Patient responses to safe, effective stimuli are used to generate a sensory threshold level which are then compared to reference data available with the WR TestWorks software.. The CASE IV QST lab includes stimulators, patient instruction cards for clear, concise, and standardized instruction, a patient supply kit, an equipment cart, and a computer running the WR TestWorks software with printer. Get more functionality from your lab by adding a Q-Sweat or Cardiac system. On-site installation and training is included for all labs in the United States and Canada. ...
Effects of abused drugs on thresholds and breaking points of intracranial self-stimulation in rats. - PubMed - NCBIEffects of abused drugs on thresholds and breaking points of intracranial self-stimulation in rats. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
How should low-contrast detail detectability be measured in fluoroscopy?How should low-contrast detail detectability be measured in fluoroscopy?
The relationship and precision of four methods for measuring the low-contrast detail detectability in fluoroscopic imaging were studied. These included the physical measurement of the accumulation rate of the square of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNRrate2), two-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) experiments, sixteen-alternative forced-choice (16-AFC) experiments and subjective determination of the threshold contrast. The precision and sensitivity of the threshold contrast measurement were seen to be modest in the constancy testing of fluoroscopic equipment: only large changes in system performance could be reliably detected by that method. The measurement of the SNRrate2 is suggested instead. The relationship between the results of the various methods were studied, and it was found that human performance can be related to SNRrate2 by introducing the concept of the effective image information integration time (teff). When measured for an unlimited observation time, it depicts the saturation of ...
US9192309B1 - Acute ischemia detection based on smoothed temporal thresholding - Google PatentsUS9192309B1 - Acute ischemia detection based on smoothed temporal thresholding - Google Patents
A heart monitor is disclosed. The monitor computes ST segment deviations and stores the results in heart rate based histograms. Periodically, the monitor analyzes the histogram data to determine a normal range of ST deviation for a particular heart rate range. The monitor computes heart rate dependent ischemia detection thresholds based on the upper and lower boundaries of the normal range. A current threshold for a heart rate range is set as a weighted average of the prior threshold and a provisional threshold based on recent data, thereby limiting the amount the actual detection threshold changes from period to period.
Vernier Microscopes Manufacturers, Vernier Microscopes, Vernier Microscopes Suppliers, Vernier Microscopes India, Vernier...Vernier Microscopes Manufacturers, Vernier Microscopes, Vernier Microscopes Suppliers, Vernier Microscopes India, Vernier...
Cosmo Laboratory Equipment, Ambala Cantt, India - Vernier Microscopes India, Vernier Microscopes Manufacturers, Vernier Microscopes, Vernier Microscopes Suppliers, Vernier Microscopes Exporters,
Automatic management of atrial and ventricular stimulation in a contemporary unselected population of pacemaker recipients: The...Automatic management of atrial and ventricular stimulation in a contemporary unselected population of pacemaker recipients: The...
Aims We investigated the applicability of the Ventricular Capture Control (VCC) and Atrial Capture Control (ACC) algorithms for automatic management of cardiac stimulation featured by Biotronik pacemakers in a broad, unselected population of pacemaker recipients. Methods and results Ventricular Capture Control and Atrial Capture Control were programmed to work at a maximum adapted output voltage as 4.8 V in consecutive recipients of Biotronik pacemakers. Ambulatory threshold measurements were made 1 and 12 months after pacemaker implant/replacement in all possible pacing/sensing configurations, and were compared with manual measurements. Among 542 patients aged 80 (73-85) years, 382 had a pacemaker implant and 160 a pacemaker replacement. Ventricular Capture Control could work at long term in 97% of patients irrespectively of pacing indication, lead type, and lead service life, performance being superior with discordant pacing/sensing configurations. Atrial Capture Control could work in 93% of ...
Perceptual threshold as anime tropePerceptual threshold as anime trope
Since Ive just broken the anime taboo, I figured Id illustrate my second law of psychology. Every person has a perceptual ceiling. If they are stimulated beyond this, their rational mind will disengage to reduce anxiety. Pupil dilation and contraction generally adjusts to ambient light. However, it also corresponds to the rate at which your…
A system dynamics model of clinical decision thresholds for the detection of developmental-behavioral disorders |...A system dynamics model of clinical decision thresholds for the detection of developmental-behavioral disorders |...
Many frameworks, such as the socioecological model and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), highlight the importance of considering intrapersonal variables alongside context. The SD model of thresholds for clinical decision-making proposes specific mechanisms to describe the relationship between the individual and his or her setting. For a wide range of parameter values, the assumption that screening directly increases accuracy while having an ambiguous effect on thresholds yields predictions that are broadly consistent with implementation trials of developmental-behavioral screening, including that not all positive screens will be referred and that changes in referral rates attributable to the implementation of screening may range widely depending on context and even decline in some circumstances. The key insight is that depending on the perspective of the decision-maker, increased accuracy may reduce FP errors and FN errors to different degrees. If only the former, ...
Colenbrander Ruler - Precision VisionColenbrander Ruler - Precision Vision
The COLENBRANDER DIOPTER RULER. The ruler shows inches and centimeters. Most important, however, is the center scale, which. shows DIOPTERS. Recording the reading distance in diopters (the reciprocal of the distance in meters) greatly simplifies calculations and comparisons. It replaces the use of a visual acuity fraction. (V = m / M = distance in meters / letter size) with a multiplication (1/V = M.x.D = letter size x. distance in diopters).. Measuring the reading distance in diopters provides a simple check on the power of the. reading add.. The diamonds on the ruler represent steps that are equivalent to the print sample steps. For. each diamond that the print is brought closer, the patient should be able to read one print size smaller, provided that the reading add is adjusted accordingly.. The short end of the ruler provides an M-unit scale to measure the size of unknown print. samples.. ...
What is Concentration? - Personal Power MeditationWhat is Concentration? - Personal Power Meditation
At this level, the finger will not move at all. However, the action of mind upon the finger will continue. You will continue the action of mind by willing the finger to push into the table - but at a force incapable of actually moving it. This is concentration.. "Mental thought" to "physical action" is a spectrum. Thoughts cross a point on the spectrum and become physical actions. Most people usually leap from thought to physical action in a binary step. However, as the exercise just now showed, you can in fact approach the point where a thought becomes a physical action, and stay just beneath it - creating a continuing action of mind which is "sub-threshold" for creating an actual physical action. You can continue to create this action of mind for long periods. This is concentration.. This action of mind will still cause nerves to fire in the finger, despite its not moving. These nerve impulses can be perceived as a tingling sensation in the chest and neck where the nerves supplying the finger ...
ModelDB: Distinct current modules shape cellular dynamics in model neurons (Alturki et al 2016)ModelDB: Distinct current modules shape cellular dynamics in model neurons (Alturki et al 2016)
We hypothesized that currents are grouped into distinct modules that shape specific neuronal characteristics or signatures, such as resting potential, sub-threshold oscillations, and spiking waveforms, for several classes of neurons. For such a grouping to occur, the currents within one module should have minimal functional interference with currents belonging to other modules. This condition is satisfied if the gating functions of currents in the same module are grouped together on the voltage axis; in contrast, such functions are segregated along the voltage axis for currents belonging to different modules. We tested this hypothesis using four published example case models and found it to be valid for these classes of neurons ...
Find Threshold - RapidMiner DocumentationFind Threshold - RapidMiner Documentation
This operator finds the threshold for given prediction confidences of soft classified predictions in order to turn it into a crisp classification. The optimization step is based on ROC analysis. ROC is discussed at the end of this description.. The Find Threshold operator finds the threshold of a labeled ExampleSet to map a soft prediction to crisp values. The threshold is delivered through the threshold port. Mostly the Apply Threshold operator is used for applying a threshold after it has been delivered by the Find Threshold operator. If the confidence for the second class is greater than the given threshold the prediction is set to this class otherwise it is set to the other class. This can be easily understood by studying the attached Example Process. Among various classification methods, there are two main groups of methods: soft and hard classification. In particular, a soft classification rule generally estimates the class conditional probabilities explicitly and then makes the class ...
CyberPower Smart App Sinewave PR1000LCD 1000VA Pure Sine Wave Mini-Tower LCD UPS - 1000VA/700W - Mini-tower - 7 Minute Full...CyberPower Smart App Sinewave PR1000LCD 1000VA Pure Sine Wave Mini-Tower LCD UPS - 1000VA/700W - Mini-tower - 7 Minute Full...
The CyberPower Smart App Sinewave PR1000LCD uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with LCD Control Panel and Active PFC compatible pure sine wave output safeguards mission-critical servers, telecom equip
How do elites do their high end aerobic runs?How do elites do their high end aerobic runs?
I was posting under the handle ummmm earlier in the thread. I have never actually run a marathon, but have used equivalent performance charts to see where I would be at. The reason I use marathon pace as a baseline is from the Lydiard books I have read. His 3/4 effort runs were "sub-threshold" or marathon pace and were run (if I remember right) for 10 miles twice a week. I use this as a guideline, BUT my high end aerobic runs are whatever feels right for the day. A strong, floating feeling that I know I can hold for a while is my "high end aerobic" pace for the day. Sometimes its a bit slower than marathon pace, sometimes a little faster. ...
Business Archives - My PDF ServerBusiness Archives - My PDF Server
EasyPower provides the option of showing a warning when the short-circuit duty percent is above a user defined safety margin threshold but below the violation level. Short-circuit on any bus results in voltage drop shorh other near buses in the system. You can set a voltage sensitivity threshold in the options such that any bus with voltage below this value will be highlighted red in the single line view and shown in the voltage sensitivity report.. The short-circuit calculation provides the phase angle of the branch currents and the bus voltages at various equipment. The phase angles displayed are relative to the applied equivalent voltage source being at zero angle. Transformers having different winding configurations, such as a delta connection on one side and a star wye connection on the other side, have a designated shift in the phase angles of currents and voltages.. For remote buses and branches across transformers, a phase angle shift is applied accordingly by the short circuit ...
Combining Sensory Information: Mandatory Fusion Within, but Not Between, Senses | ScienceCombining Sensory Information: Mandatory Fusion Within, but Not Between, Senses | Science
How different must the comparison be from the standard for a person to distinguish the two stimuli? By distinguish, we mean the participant can reliably pick out the "odd" stimulus when presented two examples of the standard and one of the comparison (or vice versa). There are at least two strategies. (i) With single-cue estimators, estimates could be made independently of each other (without combination). Once the difference between either estimate, ΔS 1 or ΔS 2, reached its own discrimination threshold, ±T 1 or ±T 2, the participant would be able to identify the odd stimulus. The predicted set of thresholds would, therefore, be horizontal and vertical lines (Fig. 1B, left; red lines) whose distance from the origin was determined by the discrimination threshold of the single-cue estimators (13). Comparison stimuli within the rectangle would be indistinguishable from the standard. Performance would be no better in one quadrant than in any other. (ii) With a mandatory combined estimator, only ...
Binocular vision: two possible central interactions between signals from two eyes | ScienceBinocular vision: two possible central interactions between signals from two eyes | Science
Both foveae of light-adapted subjects were stimulated at the same time with monocularly presented lights of increasing or decreasing luminance. Combinations judged just detectable violated predictions of the energy summation and the probability summation hypotheses of binocular interaction. Rather, the results can be explained by independent central neural mechanisms that signal the sum or the difference of stimuli to two eyes. ...
Healthy Eyes - VisiViteHealthy Eyes - VisiVite
The eye is made up of critical structures that work together to provide clear, high contrast vision. These include: Cornea Lens Retina At only 8/1000 of an inch thickness, the macular portion of the retina is exquisitely thin. And yet it provides the ability to see visual details for a lifetime.
3.1 Neural Decoding and Signal Detection Theory - Extracting Information from Neurons: Neural Decoding (Adrienne Fairhall) |...3.1 Neural Decoding and Signal Detection Theory - Extracting Information from Neurons: Neural Decoding (Adrienne Fairhall) |...
Video created by University of Washington for the course Computational Neuroscience. In this module, we turn the question of neural encoding around and ask: can we estimate what the brain is seeing, intending, or experiencing just from its ...
Calculation of signal detection theory measures - ScienceOpenCalculation of signal detection theory measures - ScienceOpen
There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience. ...
The Vernier caliper - Centennial College PowerPoint Presentation, Free Online Download PPT 45MYSZThe Vernier caliper - Centennial College PowerPoint Presentation, Free Online Download PPT 45MYSZ
Parts of the Caliper The Vernier Caliper The vernier caliper has two main parts which has the scales that the measurements are read from. The main beam:this is the non moving part of the unit and contains the main scales,...
Reflex Modular StaircaseReflex Modular Staircase
Staircases by Fontanot, Rintal & Mobirolo. We have the UKs largest staircase showroom. All delivery times are approximate. Free delivery is mainland UK only and is only for full staircase orders, extra charges will be made for delivery of parts & accessories ordered without a staircase.. © 2014 - 2019 Hallgate Timber ...
Adaptive Threshold Multi bit Flipping for Low Density Parity Check Codes | Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAdaptive Threshold Multi bit Flipping for Low Density Parity Check Codes | Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
In this paper an adaptive threshold for flipping intensity based dynamic weighted multi bit flipping algorithm is proposed to overcome the existing complexities in finding the threshold. The change in the check node and bit node status are also considered here. Improvement in performance is observed using the method of adaptive threshold in place of fixed threshold.. ...
Ocu-GLO Human Vision Formula™ | Animal NecessityOcu-GLO Human Vision Formula™ | Animal Necessity
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Lipo-Flavonoid TV Commercial, Learn About the Causes of Tinnitus - iSpot.tvLipo-Flavonoid TV Commercial, 'Learn About the Causes of Tinnitus' - iSpot.tv
Tinnitus is often described as a ringing or buzzing in the ears even though external noise isnt present. Lipo-Flavonoid is an all-natural supplement intended to provide relief for those who suffer from tinnitus.
Summation of Indexed DataSummation of Indexed Data
... The following is a list of 14 measurements: -70, -95, -14, -4, 22, -42, -56, 82, 99, 32, -57, 34, -39, -6 Suppose that these 14 measurements are respectively labeled X1, X2, .........., X14 (Thus.
observing campaign | aavso.orgobserving campaign | aavso.org
October 30, 2007: The campaign to monitor blazars as described in Alert Notice 353 is ongoing, and the triggering thresholds for VERITAS observations have recently been updated by the PI, Dr. Markus Boettcher.. The blazar 1ES 0120+340 (1ES0120+34, AAVSO Designation 0117+33) has recently been seen just above the new triggering threshold of Rc = 17.0, and observations of this source are requested over the next several weeks. 1ES 0120+340 is located at coordinates. RA: 01:23:08.6 , Dec: +34:20:48 (J2000) ...
Changelog • incidenceChangelog • incidence
In the the case where a date is accidentally mis-typed leading to a gross mis-calculation of the date range (i.e. 2018 is mis-typed as 3018), a warning will be issued. The default threshold is set at 18262 days (50 years), but the user can define their own threshold by setting the ...
Presentation médias, culture et éducationPresentation médias, culture et éducation
Présentation donnée en tant quintervenant invité par Patrick Verniers à son cours de Médias, culture et éducation à destination détudiants en Information e…
SleepSleep
PsychophysicsPsychophysics
PTC tastingPTC tasting
TemperamentTemperament
Isodicentric 15Isodicentric 15
Attenuation theoryAttenuation theory
Tone variatorTone variator
Visceral painVisceral pain
SenseSense
Vomeronasal organVomeronasal organ
EthosuximideEthosuximide
BioelectromagneticsBioelectromagnetics
Logogen modelLogogen model
Platon KostiukPlaton Kostiuk
Neyer d-optimal testNeyer d-optimal test
Neuromodulation (medicine)Neuromodulation (medicine)
LimenLimen
ChronaxieChronaxie
Riccos lawRicco's law
Gary ZukavGary Zukav
RheobaseRheobase
Peter EllawayPeter Ellaway
AmphibianAmphibian
Stimulus modalityStimulus modality
History of hypnosisHistory of hypnosis
Neural bindingNeural binding
Evolution of olfactionEvolution of olfaction
BrettanomycesBrettanomyces
Mirror-touch synesthesiaMirror-touch synesthesia
Pre-Bötzinger complexPre-Bötzinger complex
Listener fatigueListener fatigue
HyperalgesiaHyperalgesia
ادرار کردن - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادادرار کردن - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
MechanoreceptorMechanoreceptor
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Sensory processing sensitivitySensory processing sensitivity
Food allergyFood allergy
Non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement methodsNon-invasive intracranial pressure measurement methods
Students t-testStudent's t-test
Granule cellGranule cell
RetinaRetina
Ernst Heinrich WeberErnst Heinrich Weber
Malolactic fermentationMalolactic fermentation
Ménières diseaseMénière's disease
Fish physiologyFish physiology
Vision in toadsVision in toads
Behavioral ecologyBehavioral ecology
HabitatHabitat
TAS2R38TAS2R38
Intersex medical interventionsIntersex medical interventions
Feed conversion ratioFeed conversion ratio
PredationPredation
Selective auditory attentionSelective auditory attention
Olfactory systemOlfactory system
Sensory processing disorderSensory processing disorder
Principal component analysisPrincipal component analysis
மதியிறுக்கம் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாமதியிறுக்கம் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Sensory ThresholdsThermosensingSensationPain ThresholdTouchVibrationFecal IncontinencePeripheral Nervous System DiseasesPressureManometryPain MeasurementPainHot TemperatureDifferential ThresholdAuditory ThresholdNeural ConductionMedian NerveDiabetic NeuropathiesSural NerveUlnar NerveTibial NerveChinchillaHearing Loss, Noise-InducedNoiseNoise, OccupationalEar Protective DevicesStainless SteelExpert SystemsAlgorithmsPatents as TopicTelemetryNational SocialismMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrain MappingHypoglycemiaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesAwarenessSensitivity and SpecificityAutonomic Nervous SystemHyperalgesiaIntraoperative PeriodDose-Response Relationship, DrugPain, PostoperativeMammalsConservation of Natural ResourcesPinnipediaCetaceaEcosystemEnvironmentSeals, Earless
Frontiers | Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Increase above the Age of 40 | NeurologyFrontiers | Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Increase above the Age of 40 | Neurology
Sensory threshold - WikipediaSensory threshold - Wikipedia
Plants, Perception and the Practice of Gardening: Lowering the Sensory Threshold - Artdish Plants, Perception and the Practice of Gardening: Lowering the Sensory Threshold - Artdish
Electrodiagnostic Sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold (sNCT)Electrodiagnostic Sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold (sNCT)
V-sNCT - Voltage-Actuated Sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold | AcronymFinderV-sNCT - Voltage-Actuated Sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold | AcronymFinder
Chronic phantom limb pain: the effects of calcitonin, ketamine, and their combination on pain and sensory thresholds. - PubMed...Chronic phantom limb pain: the effects of calcitonin, ketamine, and their combination on pain and sensory thresholds. - PubMed...
Single-Use Versus Multiple-Use Electrodes for Sensory and Motor Threshold Amplitudes and Muscle Force ProductionSingle-Use Versus Multiple-Use Electrodes for Sensory and Motor Threshold Amplitudes and Muscle Force Production
Influence of intrinsic noise generated by a thermotesting device on thermal sensory detection and thermal pain detection...Influence of intrinsic noise generated by a thermotesting device on thermal sensory detection and thermal pain detection...
Assessing the modulation of cutaneous sensory fiber excitability using a fast perception threshold tracking technique -...Assessing the modulation of cutaneous sensory fiber excitability using a fast perception threshold tracking technique -...
Lab Report On Sensory Threshold - WriteWorkLab Report On Sensory Threshold - WriteWork
Loughborough University Institutional Repository: Sensory detection thresholds are modulated across the cardiac cycle: evidence...Loughborough University Institutional Repository: Sensory detection thresholds are modulated across the cardiac cycle: evidence...
Overcoming pain thresholds with multilevel models-an example using quantitative sensory testing (QST) data [PeerJ]Overcoming pain thresholds with multilevel models-an example using quantitative sensory testing (QST) data [PeerJ]
Hypnotic relaxation results in elevated thresholds of sensory detection but not of pain detection | BMC Complementary and...Hypnotic relaxation results in elevated thresholds of sensory detection but not of pain detection | BMC Complementary and...
Determining Threshold | Sensory Evaluation Techniques | Taylor & Francis GroupDetermining Threshold | Sensory Evaluation Techniques | Taylor & Francis Group
The perception threshold counterpart to dynamic and static mechanical allodynia assessed using von Frey filaments in peripheral...The perception threshold counterpart to dynamic and static mechanical allodynia assessed using von Frey filaments in peripheral...
Small RNAs Control Sodium Channel Expression, Nociceptor Excitability, and Pain Thresholds | Journal of NeuroscienceSmall RNAs Control Sodium Channel Expression, Nociceptor Excitability, and Pain Thresholds | Journal of Neuroscience
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00213198 - Military studies of temporary threshold shift on protected and unprotected ears...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00213198 - Military studies of temporary threshold shift on protected and unprotected ears...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00197926 - Asymptotic threshold shift in chinchillas exposed to impulse noise.NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00197926 - Asymptotic threshold shift in chinchillas exposed to impulse noise.
Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Associated With Autonomic Dysfunction or Peripheral...Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Associated With Autonomic Dysfunction or Peripheral...
Patent US8965520 - Automatic determination of the threshold of an evoked neural response - Google PatentsPatent US8965520 - Automatic determination of the threshold of an evoked neural response - Google Patents
Threshold of pain - WikipediaThreshold of pain - Wikipedia
Roles of the Insular Cortex in the Modulation of Pain: Insights from Brain Lesions | Journal of NeuroscienceRoles of the Insular Cortex in the Modulation of Pain: Insights from Brain Lesions | Journal of Neuroscience
Low hot pain threshold predicts shorter time to exercise-induced angina: results from the psychophysiological investigations of...Low hot pain threshold predicts shorter time to exercise-induced angina: results from the psychophysiological investigations of...
May 2003 - Volume 46 - Issue 5 : Diseases of the Colon & RectumMay 2003 - Volume 46 - Issue 5 : Diseases of the Colon & Rectum
Determination of Sensory Thresholds of Selected Calcium Salts - Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)Determination of Sensory Thresholds of Selected Calcium Salts - Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)
Fentanyl Ultra Low Doses Effects on the Nociceptive Threshold - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govFentanyl Ultra Low Doses Effects on the Nociceptive Threshold - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Predicting Magnetostimulation Thresholds in the Peripheral Nervous System using Realistic Body Models | Scientific ReportsPredicting Magnetostimulation Thresholds in the Peripheral Nervous System using Realistic Body Models | Scientific Reports
Quantitative Sensory Testing and Current Perception Threshold Testing in Patients With Chronic Pain Following Lower Extremity...Quantitative Sensory Testing and Current Perception Threshold Testing in Patients With Chronic Pain Following Lower Extremity...
Physiological Thresholds in the Context of Marine Mammal Conservation.Physiological Thresholds in the Context of Marine Mammal Conservation.
Thermal and Mechanical Pain Thresholds of Women With Provoked Localized Vulvodynia: A Pilot Study | The Journal of the American...Thermal and Mechanical Pain Thresholds of Women With Provoked Localized Vulvodynia: A Pilot Study | The Journal of the American...
What is the role of butanol threshold test in the diagnosis of taste and smell disorders?What is the role of butanol threshold test in the diagnosis of taste and smell disorders?
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Sensory ThresholdsThermosensingSensationPain ThresholdTouchVibrationFecal IncontinencePeripheral Nervous System DiseasesPressureManometryPain MeasurementPainHot TemperatureDifferential ThresholdAuditory ThresholdNeural ConductionMedian NerveDiabetic NeuropathiesSural NerveUlnar NerveTibial NerveChinchillaHearing Loss, Noise-InducedNoiseNoise, OccupationalEar Protective DevicesStainless SteelExpert SystemsAlgorithmsPatents as TopicTelemetryNational SocialismMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrain MappingHypoglycemiaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesAwarenessSensitivity and SpecificityAutonomic Nervous SystemHyperalgesiaIntraoperative PeriodDose-Response Relationship, DrugPain, PostoperativeMammalsConservation of Natural ResourcesPinnipediaCetaceaEcosystemEnvironmentSeals, Earless
METHODSBaselinePeripheralHumansTestLowerFoundStimuliSensitivitySomatosensoryReceptorsMotion detection thresholdsStimulationMethodsPhysiologyStimulusNerve Conduction ThresholdAuditory thresholdsTaste ThresholdsVibrationPressure Specified Sensory DeviceTemperatureQuantitative Sensory TestingAdaptationDysfunctionPainSensationDiscriminationCutaneous sensoryAfferent sensoryPotentialsLower extremityVestibularConductionOlfactoryDisordersMeasurementsDifferent sensoryImpairmentThermal sensoryElectrical sensoryDetection thresholdResponsesCorrelationStatistically significantDiagnosisNoiseRelationship between sensoryRelationships between sensoryCharacteristicsCognitiveGangliaVibrotactileSeveral sensoryProcessing disorder
METHODS1
Baseline3
  • The data were best modeled by a two-segment age model that yielded a constant baseline below an age cutoff of about 40 and a threshold increase above the age cutoff. (frontiersin.org)
  • For all subjects who passed all conditions of the balance test, the baseline thresholds were 0.97°/s for yaw rotation, 0.66°/s for 1-Hz roll tilt, 0.35°/s for 0.2-Hz roll tilt, 0.58 cm/s for y -translation, and 1.24 cm/s for z -translation. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a percentage of the baseline, the fitted slopes (indicating the threshold increase each decade above the age cutoff) were 83% for z -translation, 56% for 1-Hz roll tilt, 46% for y -translation, 32% for 0.2-Hz roll tilt, and 15% for yaw rotation. (frontiersin.org)
Peripheral1
Humans1
Test1
  • Even taking age and other factors into consideration, we found a significant correlation of balance test failures with increasing roll-tilt thresholds. (frontiersin.org)
Lower2
  • Benson reported perceptual translation thresholds (i.e., the smallest motion that can be reliably perceived as leftward or rightward) for females that were roughly 40% lower than for males for each of the three translation directions ( 7 ), but this difference was not statistically significant. (frontiersin.org)
  • Similarly, yaw rotation thresholds were reported to be about 20% lower in females than males ( 8 ), but again, this difference was not statistically significant. (frontiersin.org)
Found2
Stimuli24
Sensitivity15
Somatosensory8
Receptors3
Motion detection thresholds1
Stimulation7
Methods9
  • Methods have been developed to measure thresholds in any of the senses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods: Small sensory fibers were selectively blocked by 120-minute topical application of LP and confirmed by quantitative sensory testing. (aau.dk)
  • Application of these methods led to intriguing findings, such as the presence lower pain-thresholds in healthy children compared to healthy adolescents. (peerj.com)
  • Here, we compared the particle acceleration and pressure auditory thresholds of three species of fish with differing hearing specialisations, goldfish ( Carassius auratus , weberian ossicles), bigeye ( Pempheris adspersus , ligamentous hearing specialisation) and a third species with no swim bladder, the common triplefin ( Forstergyian lappillum ), using three different methods of determining particle acceleration. (biologists.org)
  • Direction-recognition thresholds were measured using standard methods. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because it fluctuates, the threshold is difficult to measure, and the various methods that have been tried do not always yield the same value. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Methods for the measurement and analysis of the temporal discrimination threshold are presented, and its application to the study of the pathogenesis of cervical dystonia are discussed. (jove.com)
  • To compare two methods for quantitative testing of cold sensory function (as a sign of neuropathy) in the upper airway with special focus on test-retest repeatability (study III). (diva-portal.org)
  • In study III 40 non-snoring subjects were tested for cold detection thresholds at the soft palate and the lip at two separate occasions with two different methods (MLE/MLI). (diva-portal.org)
Physiology3
Stimulus12
Nerve Conduction Threshold2
Auditory thresholds2
Taste Thresholds2
Vibration5
Pressure Specified Sensory Device2
Temperature6
Quantitative Sensory Testing6
Adaptation4
Dysfunction2
Pain24
Sensation4
Discrimination4
Cutaneous sensory2
Afferent sensory3
Potentials2
  • However, except for a significant decrease in the amplitude of the sensory nerve action potentials of the sural nerves, these afferent dysfunctions were not progressive over the follow-up period of 6 months, in contrast to the marked deterioration in motor functions. (nih.gov)
  • Temporary (compound) and permanent threshold shifts were measured using evoked potentials. (cdc.gov)
Lower extremity2
  • In this study, the sensory disturbance of the lower-extremity was quantitatively analyzed using CPT testing before and after lumbar discectomy. (europeanspinejournal.org)
  • CPT measured by a Neurometer is very useful in assessing lower-extremity sensory functions before and after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. (europeanspinejournal.org)
Vestibular2
Conduction1
Olfactory3
Disorders2
Measurements6
  • As the measurements come closer to the absolute threshold, the variability of the noise increases causing the threshold to be obscured. (wikipedia.org)
  • A universal absolute threshold is difficult to define a standard because of the variability of the measurements. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to analyze whether this noise could influence the thermal threshold measurements we compared the thresholds obtained with a silent thermotesting device to those obtained with a commercially available device. (nih.gov)
  • Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement in measurements obtained with different devices and it was shown that the intersubject variability of the thresholds obtained with the two devices was comparable for all four thresholds tested. (nih.gov)
  • selecting the initial current level to insure safety while minimizing a quantity of measurements required to determine the threshold-NRT (T-NRT) level of the target neural region. (google.ca)
  • In practice, it is most important when making VPT measurements to take into account the age and sex of the subject and possibly also to allow for thresholds slightly higher than usual with subjects engaged in physical work. (springer.com)
Different sensory1
  • When a single trigger hair of the Venus flytrap ( Dionaea muscipula ) is bent twice or when two different sensory organs are bent once by an obstacle, the lobes of the trap close abruptly, "catching the prey. (pnas.org)
Impairment3
  • The glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory responses, generation of symptoms, and cognitive impairment are reset at lower levels of blood glucose in people who have developed IAH ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Both self-reported snoring years and OSA severity are correlated to the degree of cold sensory impairment in the upper airway. (diva-portal.org)
  • There is a close functional relationship between the jaw and neck regions and it has been suggested that trigeminal sensory impairment can follow whiplash injury. (diva-portal.org)
Thermal sensory2
Electrical sensory1
  • In this single-blind and cross-over trial, electrical sensory threshold and current tolerance of 24 healthy volunteers were evaluated by using biphasic symmetrical pulses (240 μsec, 50 pps), prior to and following thermal agent (cold pack, hot pack and ultrasound) applications. (physiospot.com)
Detection threshold2
  • The detection threshold is recorded as the concentration at which the patient correctly identifies the butanol on 5 consecutive trials. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, the relationship between motion-detection threshold and an unsuccessful stand was stronger for the most difficult stand on one foot (the soleo stand) ( P = 0.02). (arvojournals.org)
Responses4
  • This may be because experimental studies describe participants' responses exclusively in terms of thresholds that conflate several aspects of the response. (peerj.com)
  • The Psychophysiological Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI) study, a multicenter study of patients with documented coronary artery disease, has multiple objectives (12) , including examination of the relations between symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia and somatic sensory threshold, autonomic reflexive control of the heart and beta-endorphin responses. (onlinejacc.org)
  • Food acceptance and preference depend on human sensory responses. (elsevier.com)
  • Devices that help people with impaired sensory responses. (bioportfolio.com)
Correlation3
Statistically significant2
Diagnosis3
  • Goldberg JM, Lindblom U (1979) Standardised method of determining vibratory perception thresholds for diagnosis and screening in neurological investigation. (springer.com)
  • These findings suggest that CPT testing might contribute to diagnosis of PD, as well as the understanding of sensory processing involving peripheral deafferentation. (kagawa-u.ac.jp)
  • Dr. Catherine Lord, a leading autism expert and the director of the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, argues that sensory issues are an important concern, but not a diagnosis in themselves. (wikipedia.org)
Noise8
  • In measuring sensory threshold, noise must be accounted for. (wikipedia.org)
  • Military studies of temporary threshold shift on protected and unprotected ears following impulse noise exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of temporary threshold shift in protected and unprotected ears exposed to impulse noise were conducted in French Army personnel. (cdc.gov)
  • Asymptotic threshold shift in chinchillas exposed to impulse noise. (cdc.gov)
  • In an effort to more fully understand the results of long term exposures to impulse noise as they relate to asymptotic threshold shift (ATS), five monaural chinchillas were exposed to a repetitive, reverberant impulse noise for 10 days. (cdc.gov)
  • The stability of the ATS produced by impulse noise and the consistency across the five animals suggest that the phenomenon may be useful in the systematic study of both temporary threshold shift and noise induced permanent threshold shift. (cdc.gov)
  • People who have been exposed to more noise/music usually have a higher threshold pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Freyman RL, Griffin AM, Zurek PM. Threshold of the precedence effect in noise. (harvard.edu)
Relationship between sensory1
  • The remaining chapters describe the relationship between sensory characteristics and various physical and chemical properties of foods. (elsevier.com)
Relationships between sensory2
  • We aimed to quantify effects of pregabalin on colonic sensory and motor functions and assess relationships between sensory effects and colonic compliance. (physiology.org)
  • Complex animal behaviors are built from dynamical relationships between sensory inputs, neuronal activity, and motor outputs in patterns with strategic value. (pnas.org)
Characteristics1
Cognitive3
  • By soft manual palpation of the craniosacral and fascia system sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional processes can be influenced. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The results suggest that the LRJT is a complex mental task that involves cognitive, sensory, motor, and behavioural processes. (hindawi.com)
  • After sensory information passes through these centers, it is then routed to brain regions responsible for emotions, memory, and higher level cognitive functions. (wikipedia.org)
Ganglia1
Vibrotactile1
Several sensory2
  • These patients also have several sensory losses even in taste and smell function, recently described (Siqueira et al. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • We studied these two aspects of the disease in a group of 50 patients by prospectively assessing several sensory indices and by studying the selectivity of the spinal motor neuron loss. (nih.gov)
Processing disorder1
Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Associated With Autonomic Dysfunction or Peripheral...
Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Associated With Autonomic Dysfunction or Peripheral... (care.diabetesjournals.org)
Roles of the Insular Cortex in the Modulation of Pain: Insights from Brain Lesions | Journal of Neuroscience
Roles of the Insular Cortex in the Modulation of Pain: Insights from Brain Lesions | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00229353 - Sensitivity and specificity of vibrometry for detection of carpal tunnel syndrome.
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00229353 - Sensitivity and specificity of vibrometry for detection of carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Physiological Thresholds in the Context of Marine Mammal Conservation.
Physiological Thresholds in the Context of Marine Mammal Conservation. (bioportfolio.com)
Sensory processing disorder - Wikipedia
Sensory processing disorder - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Disentangling sensorimotor and cognitive cardioafferent effects: A cardiac-cycle-time study on spatial stimulus-response...
Disentangling sensorimotor and cognitive cardioafferent effects: A cardiac-cycle-time study on spatial stimulus-response... (nature.com)
Predicting Magnetostimulation Thresholds in the Peripheral Nervous System using Realistic Body Models | Scientific Reports
Predicting Magnetostimulation Thresholds in the Peripheral Nervous System using Realistic Body Models | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Covariation in individuals' sensitivities to bitter compounds: Evidence supporting multiple receptor/transduction mechanisms |...
Covariation in individuals' sensitivities to bitter compounds: Evidence supporting multiple receptor/transduction mechanisms |... (link.springer.com)
What is the role of butanol threshold test in the diagnosis of taste and smell disorders?
What is the role of butanol threshold test in the diagnosis of taste and smell disorders? (medscape.com)
How Warm Is Sweet Enough? - Scientific American
How Warm Is Sweet Enough? - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
Flavor Chemistry and Technology, Book by H. Heath (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca
Flavor Chemistry and Technology, Book by H. Heath (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca (chapters.indigo.ca)
Isodicentric 15 - Wikipedia
Isodicentric 15 - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Alba Therapies | Acupuncture | NaturalTherapyPages.com.au
Alba Therapies | Acupuncture | NaturalTherapyPages.com.au (naturaltherapypages.com.au)
Sensory adaptation (video) | Khan Academy
Sensory adaptation (video) | Khan Academy (khanacademy.org)
Maria G. Corradini | Department of Food Science | UMass Amherst
Maria G. Corradini | Department of Food Science | UMass Amherst (umass.edu)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
Brief Report: Sensory Reactivity in Children with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome | SpringerLink
Brief Report: Sensory Reactivity in Children with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)