Semicircular canals. Medical search

Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH). The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. Within the canals are the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS.

A gelatinous membrane overlying the acoustic maculae of SACCULE AND UTRICLE. It contains minute crystalline particles (otoliths) of CALCIUM CARBONATE and protein on its outer surface. In response to head movement, the otoliths shift causing distortion of the vestibular hair cells which transduce nerve signals to the BRAIN for interpretation of equilibrium.

The vestibular part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM. These fibers mediate the sense of balance and head position.

A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.

An oval, bony chamber of the inner ear, part of the bony labyrinth. It is continuous with bony COCHLEA anteriorly, and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS posteriorly. The vestibule contains two communicating sacs (utricle and saccule) of the balancing apparatus. The oval window on its lateral wall is occupied by the base of the STAPES of the MIDDLE EAR.

The essential part of the hearing organ consists of two labyrinthine compartments: the bony labyrinthine and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a complex of three interconnecting cavities or spaces (COCHLEA; VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH; and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS) in the TEMPORAL BONE. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is a complex of sacs and tubules (COCHLEAR DUCT; SACCULE AND UTRICLE; and SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS) forming a continuous space enclosed by EPITHELIUM and connective tissue. These spaces are filled with LABYRINTHINE FLUIDS of various compositions.

The narrow passage way that conducts the sound collected by the EAR AURICLE to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)

Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The three membranous semicircular ducts within the bony semicircular canals. They open into the UTRICLE through five openings. Each duct has at one end a sensory area called the ampullary crest. AMPULLARY HAIR CELLS of the crests sense the movement of ENDOLYMPH resulting from rotation of the head.

Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332)

Voluntary or involuntary motion of head that may be relative to or independent of body; includes animals and humans.

Hearing loss due to interference with the mechanical reception or amplification of sound to the COCHLEA. The interference is in the outer or middle ear involving the EAR CANAL; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; or EAR OSSICLES.

Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.

Transmission of sound waves through vibration of bones in the SKULL to the inner ear (COCHLEA). By using bone conduction stimulation and by bypassing any OUTER EAR or MIDDLE EAR abnormalities, hearing thresholds of the cochlea can be determined. Bone conduction hearing differs from normal hearing which is based on air conduction stimulation via the EAR CANAL and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

Elicitation of a rotatory nystagmus by stimulating the semicircular canals with water or air which is above or below body temperature. In warm caloric stimulation a rotatory nystagmus is developed toward the side of the stimulated ear; in cold, away from the stimulated side. Absence of nystagmus indicates the labyrinth is not functioning.

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.

Recorded electrical responses from muscles, especially the neck muscles or muscles around the eyes, following stimulation of the EAR VESTIBULE.

A number of tests used to determine if the brain or balance portion of the inner ear are causing dizziness.

The lymph fluid found in the membranous labyrinth of the ear. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Involuntary rhythmical movements of the eyes in the normal person. These can be naturally occurring as in end-position (end-point, end-stage, or deviational) nystagmus or induced by the optokinetic drum (NYSTAGMUS, OPTOKINETIC), caloric test, or a rotating chair.

Sensory cells in the acoustic maculae with their apical STEREOCILIA embedded in a gelatinous OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE. These hair cells are stimulated by the movement of otolithic membrane, and impulses are transmitted via the VESTIBULAR NERVE to the BRAIN STEM. Hair cells in the saccule and those in the utricle sense linear acceleration in vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.

The four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle giving rise to a widely dispersed special sensory system. Included is the superior, medial, inferior, and LATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)

An order of bottom fishes with short, small, spinous dorsal fins. It is comprised of one family (Batrachoididae) and about 70 species.

Two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the INNER EAR. The saccule communicates with COCHLEAR DUCT through the ductus reuniens, and communicates with utricle through the utriculosaccular duct from which the ENDOLYMPHATIC DUCT arises. The utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.

A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

Preparatory activities in ROOT CANAL THERAPY by partial or complete extirpation of diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty canal, enlarging and shaping the canal to receive the sealing material. The cavity may be prepared by mechanical, sonic, chemical, or other means. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1700)

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS.

An increase in the rate of speed.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.

Acceleration produced by the mutual attraction of two masses, and of magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two centers of mass. It is also the force imparted by the earth, moon, or a planet to an object near its surface. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.

The fluid separating the membranous labyrinth from the osseous labyrinth of the ear. It is entirely separate from the ENDOLYMPH which is contained in the membranous labyrinth. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1396, 642)

The part of the membranous labyrinth that traverses the bony vestibular aqueduct and emerges through the bone of posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) where it expands into a blind pouch called the endolymphatic sac.

Sensory cells in the ampullary crest of each of the semicircular ducts, with their apical STEREOCILIA embedded in a wedge-shaped gelatinous cupula. These hair cells sense the movement of ENDOLYMPH resulting from angular acceleration of the head, and send signals via the VESTIBULAR NERVE to the brain to maintain balance.

An abnormal twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis.

Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.

One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the INCUS to the internal ear (Ear, Internal see LABYRINTH).

The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.

The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.

A genus of the family CEBIDAE consisting of four species: S. boliviensis, S. orstedii (red-backed squirrel monkey), S. sciureus (common squirrel monkey), and S. ustus. They inhabit tropical rain forests in Central and South America. S. sciureus is used extensively in research studies.

Process whereby a cell, bodily structure, or organism (animal or plant) receives or detects a gravity stimulus. Gravity sensing plays an important role in the directional growth and development of an organism (GRAVITROPISM).

The blind pouch at the end of the endolymphatic duct. It is a storage reservoir for excess ENDOLYMPH, formed by the blood vessels in the membranous labyrinth.

An edible species of the family Ranidae, occurring in Europe and used extensively in biomedical research. Commonly referred to as "edible frog".

Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may be gutta-percha, silver cones, paste mixtures, or other substances. (Dorland, 28th ed, p631 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p187)

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (COCHLEAR NERVE) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (VESTIBULAR NERVE) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI.

The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones.

A congenital abnormality that is characterized by a blocked CHOANAE, the opening between the nose and the NASOPHARYNX. Blockage can be unilateral or bilateral; bony or membranous.

Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.

A fine channel that passes through the TEMPORAL BONE near the SCALA TYMPANI (the basilar turn of the cochlea). The cochlear aqueduct connects the PERILYMPH-filled bony labyrinth to the SUBARACHNOID SPACE.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.

Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.

The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

The terminal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, beginning from the ampulla of the RECTUM and ending at the anus.

A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

Sense of movement of a part of the body, such as movement of fingers, elbows, knees, limbs, or weights.

The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p62)

Disorder caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. It may include nausea, vomiting and dizziness.

X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.

Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.

INFARCTION of the dorsolateral aspect of MEDULLA OBLONGATA in the BRAIN STEM. It is caused by occlusion of the VERTEBRAL ARTERY and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of infarction, but may include loss of pain and temperature sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body below the chin; ipsilateral HORNER SYNDROME; ipsilateral ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; VERTIGO; nausea, hiccup; dysphagia; and VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p801)

3D MRI of the membranous labyrinth. An age related comparison of MR findings in patients with labyrinthine fibrosis and in persons without inner ear symptoms. (1/325)

PURPOSE: We compared MRI of the membranous labyrinth in patients with chronic non-neoplastic inner ear disease and MR signs of labyrinthine fibrosis and controls depending on their age, in order to establish whether there were any MR differences regarding patient age groups, control age groups and between the patients and controls themselves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical ENT examinations as well as a T2* weighted 3D CISS (Constructive Interference in Steady State) sequence with a slice thickness of 0.7 mm were performed. Our collective was subdivided as follows: 0-19 years (10 controls, 3 patients with chronic non-neoplastic inner ear disease), 20-49 years (55 controls, 8 patients), 50 years and older (40 controls, 22 patients). Detectability of labyrinthine structures (e.g. cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals) and filling defects were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 3 age-groups of the control collective no significant differences were observed in the membranous labyrinth. However differences concerning labyrinthine detectability emerged between controls and patients in both the 20-49 years and 50 years and older age groups. In the patient collective the 3 age groups showed no significant discrepancy in the mean number of lesions. CONCLUSION: Filling defects of the membranous labyrinth on 3D CISS MR images are pathological even in older persons. We would therefore recommend high resolution T2* weighted MRI in the case of suspected labyrinthine fibrosis. (+info)

Differential transcriptional control as the major molecular event in generating Otx1-/- and Otx2-/- divergent phenotypes. (2/325)

Otx1 and Otx2, two murine homologs of the Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) gene, show a limited amino acid sequence divergence. Their embryonic expression patterns overlap in spatial and temporal profiles with two major exceptions: until 8 days post coitum (d.p.c. ) only Otx2 is expressed in gastrulating embryos, and from 11 d.p.c. onwards only Otx1 is transcribed within the dorsal telencephalon. Otx1 null mice exhibit spontaneous epileptic seizures and multiple abnormalities affecting primarily the dorsal telencephalic cortex and components of the acoustic and visual sense organs. Otx2 null mice show heavy gastrulation abnormalities and lack the rostral neuroectoderm corresponding to the forebrain, midbrain and rostral hindbrain. In order to define whether these contrasting phenotypes reflect differences in expression pattern or coding sequence of Otx1 and Otx2 genes, we replaced Otx1 with a human Otx2 (hOtx2) full-coding cDNA. Interestingly, homozygous mutant mice (hOtx2(1)/hOtx2(1)) fully rescued epilepsy and corticogenesis abnormalities and showed a significant improvement of mesencephalon, cerebellum, eye and lachrymal gland defects. In contrast, the lateral semicircular canal of the inner ear was never recovered, strongly supporting an Otx1-specific requirement for the specification of this structure. These data indicate an extended functional homology between OTX1 and OTX2 proteins and provide evidence that, with the exception of the inner ear, in Otx1 and Otx2 null mice contrasting phenotypes stem from differences in expression patterns rather than in amino acid sequences. (+info)

Morphological, morphometric, and functional differences in the vestibular organ of different breeds of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). (3/325)

In the laboratory rat, differences in shape, dimension and function of the cochlea have been reported for various breeds. In contrast, no comparable investigations to date have been undertaken for the vestibular organ in different breeds of the rat. Vestibular organs of two breeds of rat (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley) were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically by means of microdissection techniques in order to determine the mechanical sensitivity of the cupula according to Oman et al; (Acta Otolaryngol., 1987;103:1-13, 1987). Differences in shape of the lateral semicircular duct exist between the two breeds and the cupular mechanical sensitivity is significantly higher in Wistar than in Sprague-Dawley rats. With respect to the other semicircular ducts, no differences in shape were found between the two strains. The cupular mechanical sensitivity of the anterior semicircular duct, however, is higher in Wistar than in Sprague-Dawley rats. The breeds also differ in the shape of their utriculus; obviously a correlation exists between the latter and the cupular mechanical sensitivity of the semicircular ducts. There are differences in the vestibular organs between the two breeds of the laboratory rat investigated. The cupular mechanical sensitivity of the semicircular duct does not seem to be correlated to body mass. The size and morphology of the utriculus influence the mechanical sensitivity of a single duct, but differences only become significant if other parameters also differ. (+info)

Short- and long-term consequences of canal plugging on gaze shifts in the rhesus monkey. I. Effects on gaze stabilization. (4/325)

Short- and long-term consequences of canal plugging on gaze shifts in the rhesus monkey. I. Effects on gaze stabilization. To study the contribution of the vestibular system to the coordinated eye and head movements of a gaze shift, we plugged the lumens of just the horizontal (n = 2) or all six semicircular canals (n = 1) in monkeys trained to make horizontal head-unrestrained gaze shifts to visual targets. After the initial eye saccade of a gaze shift, normal monkeys exhibit a compensatory eye counterrotation that stabilizes gaze as the head movement continues. This counterrotation, which has a gain (eye velocity/head velocity) near one has been attributed to the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). One day after horizontal canal plugging, the gain of the passive horizontal VOR at frequencies between 0.1 and 1.0 Hz was <0.10 in the horizontal-canal-plugged animals and zero in the all-canal-plugged animal. One day after surgery, counterrotation gain was approximately 0.3 in the animals with horizontal canals plugged and absent in the animal with all canals plugged. As the time after plugging increased, so too did counterrotation gain. In all three animals, counterrotation gain recovered to between 0.56 and 0.75 within 80-100 days. The initial loss of compensatory counterrotation after plugging resulted in a gaze shift that ended long after the eye saccade and just before the end of the head movement. With recovery, the length of time between the end of the eye saccade and the end of the gaze movement decreased. This shortening of the duration of reduced gain counterrotation occurred both because head movements ended sooner and counterrotation gain returned to 1.0 more rapidly relative to the end of the eye saccade. Eye counterrotation was not due to activation of pursuit eye movements as it persisted when gaze shifts were executed to extinguished targets. Also counterrotation was not due simply to activation of neck receptors because counterrotation persisted after head movements were arrested in midflight. We suggest that the neural signal that is used to cause counterrotation in the absence of vestibular input is an internal copy of the intended head movement. (+info)

Firing behavior of vestibular neurons during active and passive head movements: vestibulo-spinal and other non-eye-movement related neurons. (5/325)

The firing behavior of 51 non-eye movement related central vestibular neurons that were sensitive to passive head rotation in the plane of the horizontal semicircular canal was studied in three squirrel monkeys whose heads were free to move in the horizontal plane. Unit sensitivity to active head movements during spontaneous gaze saccades was compared with sensitivity to passive head rotation. Most units (29/35 tested) were activated at monosynaptic latencies following electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Nine were vestibulo-spinal units that were antidromically activated following electrical stimulation of the ventromedial funiculi of the spinal cord at C1. All of the units were less sensitive to active head movements than to passive whole body rotation. In the majority of cells (37/51, 73%), including all nine identified vestibulo-spinal units, the vestibular signals related to active head movements were canceled. The remaining units (n = 14, 27%) were sensitive to active head movements, but their responses were attenuated by 20-75%. Most units were nearly as sensitive to passive head-on-trunk rotation as they were to whole body rotation; this suggests that vestibular signals related to active head movements were cancelled primarily by subtraction of a head movement efference copy signal. The sensitivity of most units to passive whole body rotation was unchanged during gaze saccades. A fundamental feature of sensory processing is the ability to distinguish between self-generated and externally induced sensory events. Our observations suggest that the distinction is made at an early stage of processing in the vestibular system. (+info)

Integration of vestibular and head movement signals in the vestibular nuclei during whole-body rotation. (6/325)

Single-unit recordings were obtained from 107 horizontal semicircular canal-related central vestibular neurons in three alert squirrel monkeys during passive sinusoidal whole-body rotation (WBR) while the head was free to move in the yaw plane (2.3 Hz, 20 degrees /s). Most of the units were identified as secondary vestibular neurons by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve (61/80 tested). Both non-eye-movement (n = 52) and eye-movement-related (n = 55) units were studied. Unit responses recorded when the head was free to move were compared with responses recorded when the head was restrained from moving. WBR in the absence of a visual target evoked a compensatory vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) that effectively reduced the head velocity in space by an average of 33 +/- 14%. In 73 units, the compensatory head movements were sufficiently large to permit the effect of the VCR on vestibular signal processing to be assessed quantitatively. The VCR affected the rotational responses of different vestibular neurons in different ways. Approximately one-half of the units (34/73, 47%) had responses that decreased as head velocity decreased. However, the responses of many other units (24/73) showed little change. These cells had signals that were better correlated with trunk velocity than with head velocity. The remaining units had responses that were significantly larger (15/73, 21%) when the VCR produced a decrease in head velocity. Eye-movement-related units tended to have rotational responses that were correlated with head velocity. On the other hand, non-eye-movement units tended to have rotational responses that were better correlated with trunk velocity. We conclude that sensory vestibular signals are transformed from head-in-space coordinates to trunk-in-space coordinates on many secondary vestibular neurons in the vestibular nuclei by the addition of inputs related to head rotation on the trunk. This coordinate transformation is presumably important for controlling postural reflexes and constructing a central percept of body orientation and movement in space. (+info)

Targeted mutagenesis of the POU-domain gene Brn4/Pou3f4 causes developmental defects in the inner ear. (7/325)

Targeted mutagenesis in mice demonstrates that the POU-domain gene Brn4/Pou3f4 plays a crucial role in the patterning of the mesenchymal compartment of the inner ear. Brn4 is expressed extensively throughout the condensing mesenchyme of the developing inner ear. Mutant animals displayed behavioral anomalies that resulted from functional deficits in both the auditory and vestibular systems, including vertical head bobbing, changes in gait, and hearing loss. Anatomical analyses of the temporal bone, which is derived in part from the otic mesenchyme, demonstrated several dysplastic features in the mutant animals, including enlargement of the internal auditory meatus. Many phenotypic features of the mutant animals resulted from the reduction or thinning of the bony compartment of the inner ear. Histological analyses demonstrated a hypoplasia of those regions of the cochlea derived from otic mesenchyme, including the spiral limbus, the scala tympani, and strial fibrocytes. Interestingly, we observed a reduction in the coiling of the cochlea, which suggests that Brn-4 plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal communication necessary for the cochlear anlage to develop correctly. Finally, the stapes demonstrated several malformations, including changes in the size and morphology of its footplate. Because the stapes anlage does not express the Brn4 gene, stapes malformations suggest that the Brn4 gene also plays a role in mesenchymal-mesenchymal signaling. On the basis of these data, we suggest that Brn-4 enhances the survival of mesodermal cells during the mesenchymal remodeling that forms the mature bony labyrinth and regulates inductive signaling mechanisms in the otic mesenchyme. (+info)

Influence of surgical plugging on horizontal semicircular canal mechanics and afferent response dynamics. (8/325)

Mechanical occlusion of one or more of the semicircular canals is a surgical procedure performed clinically to treat certain vestibular disorders and used experimentally to assess individual contributions of separate canals and/or otoliths to vestibular neural pathways. The present experiments were designed to determine if semicircular canal afferent nerve modulation to angular head acceleration is blocked by occlusion of the endolymphatic duct, and if not, what mechanism(s) might account for a persistent afferent response. The perilymphatic space was opened to gain acute access to the horizontal canal (HC) in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. Firing rate responses of HC afferents to sinusoidal whole-body rotation were recorded in the unoccluded control condition, during the process of duct occlusion, and in the plugged condition. The results show that complete occlusion of the duct did not block horizontal canal sensitivity; individual afferents often exhibited a robust firing rate modulation in response to whole-body rotation in the plugged condition. At high stimulus frequencies (about >8 Hz) the average sensitivity (afferent gain; spikes/s per degrees /s of head velocity) in the plugged condition was nearly equal to that observed for unoccluded controls in the same animals. At low stimulus frequencies (about <0.1 Hz), the average sensitivity in the plugged condition was attenuated by more than two orders of magnitude relative to unoccluded controls. The peak afferent firing rate for sinusoidal stimuli was phase advanced approximately 90 degrees in plugged canals relative to their control counterparts for stimulus frequencies approximately 0.1-2 Hz. Data indicate that afferents normally sensitive to angular velocity in the control condition became sensitive to angular acceleration in the plugged condition, whereas afferents sensitive to angular acceleration in the control condition became sensitive to the derivative of acceleration or angular jerk in the plugged condition. At higher frequencies (>8 Hz), the phase of afferents in the plugged condition became nearly equal, on average, to that observed in controls. A three-dimensional biomechanical model of the HC was developed to interpret the residual response in the plugged condition. Labyrinthine fluids were modeled as incompressible and Newtonian; the membranous duct, osseous canal and temporal bone were modeled as visco-elastic materials. The predicted attenuation and phase shift in cupular responses were in close agreement with the observed changes in afferent response dynamics after canal plugging. The model attributes the response of plugged canals to labyrinthine fluid pressure gradients that lead to membranous duct deformation, a spatial redistribution of labyrinthine fluids and cupular displacement. Validity of the model was established through its ability to predict: the relationship between plugged canal responses and unoccluded controls (present study), the relationship between afferent responses recorded during mechanical indentation of the membranous duct and physiological head rotation, the magnitude and phase of endolymphatic pressure generated during HC duct indentation, and previous model results for cupular gain and phase in the rigid-duct case. The same model was adjusted to conform to the morphology of the squirrel monkey and of the human to investigate the possible influence of canal plugging in primates. Membranous duct stiffness and perilymphatic cavity stiffness were identified as the most salient model parameters. Simulations indicate that canal plugging may be the most effective in relatively small species having small labyrinths, stiff round windows, and stiff bony perilymphatic enclosures. (+info)

The three canals are the horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canals. The semicircular canals are a component of the ... The semicircular canals or semicircular ducts are three semicircular, interconnected tubes located in the innermost part of ... The lateral or horizontal canal (external semicircular canal) is the shortest of the three canals. Movement of fluid within ... The lateral canal of one ear is very nearly in the same plane as that of the other. The superior or anterior semicircular canal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canals

"Semicircular Canals." Semicircular Canals Function, Definition & Anatomy. Healthline Medical Team, 26 Jan. 2015. Tillotson, ... "The Primate Semicircular Canal System and Locomotion." 8 May 2007. Sobkowicz, H.M., and S.M. Slapnick. "The Kinocilium of ... The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to ... There are five sensory organs innervated by the vestibular nerve; three semicircular canals (Horizontal SCC, Superior SCC, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_of_balance

This includes ~7,000 hair cells from each of the semicircular canals located within the crista ampullaris, ~30,000 hair cells ... and posterior semicircular canals. The cochlea is a sensory organ with the primary purpose to aid in hearing. The otolith ... "The Semicircular Canals". Neuroscience. 2nd Edition. "Ear anatomy (structure and parts of the ear) information , myVMC". myVMC ... and the three semicircular canals (anterior/superior, posterior, and horizontal) detect head rotation or angular acceleration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_evoked_myogenic_potential

The semicircular canals detect angular acceleration. In total, there are three semicircular canals: the anterior, posterior, ... and lateral canals. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and each canal arises from a small bag-like structure ... Through stabilization of the fluid in the semicircular canals, a pilot may perceive straight and level flight while actually in ... The process involves the semicircular canals of the vestibular system. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_leans

"The primate semicircular canal system and locomotion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (26): 10808-12. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaladapis

Angular accelerations are detected by semicircular canals. The three semicircular canals are mutually orthogonal (similar to ... It consists of three semicircular canals, or tubes, arranged at right angles to one another. Each canal is lined with hairs ... The vestibular system consists of the left and right organs of the "inner ear", each of which has semicircular canals and ... In each canal, there is a section where the diameter is larger than the rest of the canal. This section is called the ampulla ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_simulator

"superior semicircular canal dehiscence - superior canal dehiscence syndrome". www.otosurgery.org. Kertesz, Thomas R; Shelton, ... Vibrations entering the ear canal and middle ear are then abnormally diverted through the superior semicircular canal and up ... Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is a set of hearing and balance symptoms, related to a rare medical condition ... This genetic predisposition may explain why the section of temporal bone separating the superior semicircular canal from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_canal_dehiscence_syndrome

2021). A study on the morphological diversity and evolution of the semicircular canals of the inner ear in extant and fossil ... "Deep evolutionary diversification of semicircular canals in archosaurs". Current Biology. 31 (12): 2520-2529.e6. doi:10.1016/j. ... Wedel M, Atterholt J, Dooley Jr AC, Farooq S, Macalino J, Nalley TK, Wisser G, Yasmer J (2021). "Expanded neural canals in the ... A new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus with expanded neural canals is described by Wedel et al. (2021). A study on the anatomy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_in_archosaur_paleontology

The robustness of the semicircular inner ear canals might be related to a greater agility. Timurlengia has a long cochlear duct ... The inner ear is large with robust semicircular canals. Timurlengia was placed in the Tyrannosauroidea, in a basal position, as ... which would have anchored the dinosaur's neck muscles and protected its brain and ear canals. The braincase was stored in a ... because detailed CAT-scans showed that Timurlengia had long inner ear canals, for hearing low-frequency sounds. The species was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurlengia

Rabbitt RD, Boyle R, Highstein SM (1-5 February 2010). "Mechanical amplification by hair cells in the semicircular canals". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_cell

These connect to the semicircular canals and the cochlea. There are three semicircular canals angled at right angles to each ... Dynamic balance is provided through the three semicircular canals. These three canals are orthogonal (at right angles) to each ... Closer to the back of the embryo, they form what will become the utricle and semicircular canals. Closer to the front of the ... The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear

... the semicircular canal evidence". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1742): 3467-3475. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey

The dorsal component forms the utricle and semicircular canals. The tympanic cavity and eustachian tube are derived from the ... the urorectal septum divides the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and the anal canal. The upper part of the urogenital sinus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryonic_development

Endolymph Fluid in the labyrinth (the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and ... The labyrinth consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule. Labyrinthine hydrops Excessive fluid in the organ of ... Outer ear External portion of the ear, consisting of the pinna, or auricle, and the ear canal. Papillomavirus Group of viruses ... Otitis externa Inflammation of the outer part of the ear extending to the auditory canal. Otitis media Inflammation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_communication_disorders

The semicircular system of MCCM-HUE-8741 shows also a basal morphology, because the semicircular canals do not attach to each ... The semicircular canals are contracted, and they are highly curved. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampelosaurus

The semicircular canals have a superior, posterior, and horizontal component. Studies have shown that the horizontal canal is ... The semicircular canals (brown, see figure) are arranged at angles to the horizontal plane of the head when it is in its normal ... The semicircular canals encode head velocity signals, or angular acceleration, while the otoconia encode linear acceleration ... Input from the vestibular system is received by sensory receptors in the hair cells of the semicircular canals and the otoliths ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Righting_reflex

... semicircular canal. Anterior and posterior canals may collectively be called vertical semicircular canals. Movement of fluid ... The semicircular canal system detects rotational movements. The semicircular canals are its main tools to achieve this ... The vestibular systems of lampreys contain two semicircular canals while those of hagfish contain a single canal. The lamprey's ... While the semicircular canals respond to rotations, the otolithic organs sense linear accelerations. Humans have two otolithic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_system

The semicircular canals are three ring-like extensions of the vestibule. One is oriented in the horizontal plane, whereas the ... The base of each semicircular canal, where it meets with the vestibule, connects to an enlarged region known as the ampulla. ... As the head rotates in a plane parallel to the semicircular canal, the fluid lags, deflecting the cupula in the direction ... The semicircular canals contain several ampullae, with some oriented horizontally and others oriented vertically. By comparing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense

The ears of all animals within Amphirhina possess three semicircular canals. http://dante.uark.edu/aas/issues/1956v9/v9a5.pdf[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphirhina

The semi-circular canals are three bony structures filled with fluid. As with the vestibule, the primary purpose of the canals ... The vestibule and semi-circular canal are inner-ear components that comprise the vestibular system. Together they detect all ... When a medication is toxic in the vestibule or the semi-circular canals, the patient senses loss of balance or orientation ... When the vestibule and/or semi-circular canals are affected by ototoxicity, the eye can also be affected. Nystagmus and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoxicity

It consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. These are cavities hollowed out of the substance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bony_labyrinth

The anterior semicircular canals are also taller in parasaurolophins than lambeosaurins. Prieto-Marquez' analysis (2013) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeosaurini

Information from the semicircular canals reflects rotational movement of the head. Both are necessary for the sensation of body ... and the three semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion of Scarpa. Information from the otolith organs reflects gravity ... the posterior branch runs through the foramen singulare and supplies the ampulla of the posterior semicircular duct. The ... in the area vestibularis superior and ends in the utricle and in the osseous ampullae of the superior and lateral semicircular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_nerve

The device itself is a head-worn representation of semi-circular canals. The device is filled with fluid and a particle ... The device is a head-worn representation of semi-circular canals. The device is filled with fluid and a particle representing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DizzyFIX

Behind, the five orifices of the semicircular canals can be found. In the frontal view, there is an elliptical opening which ... and in front of the three semicircular canals. The name comes from the Latin vestibulumcode: lat promoted to code: la , ... The vestibule sits between and connects the cochlea and semicircular canals and helps to maintain equilibrium. Vestibular ... Vestibule visible at center right.) Internal liquid structures of the cochlea and semicircular ducts, vestibule at centre. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibule_of_the_ear

Georgi, J.A.; Sipla, J.S.; Forster, C.A. (2013). "Turning Semicircular Canal Function on Its Head: Dinosaurs and a Novel ... CT scans also revealed large optic nerves as well as long semicircular canals and a relatively large cerebellar flocculus (both ... Hullar, T.E. (2006). "Semicircular canal geometry, afferent sensitivity, and animal behavior". The Anatomical Record Part A: ... although long semicircular canals are also associated with bipedal stances). These traits suggest that Triopticus was a very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triopticus

1881-1941) During his experiments on pigeons, Tullio discovered that by drilling tiny holes in the semicircular canals of his ... Basura GJ, Cronin SJ, Heidenreich KD (2014). "Tullio phenomenon in superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome". Neurology ... Tullio phenomenon is also one of the common symptoms of superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), first diagnosed in 1998 by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullio_phenomenon

The semicircular canals are most similar to those of other aquatic reptiles. The expansion of the sacculus indicates that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champsosaurus

The middle ear contains semicircular canals which help control balance and orientation. In the inner ear, the auditory hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog

The vestibular system includes the saccule, utricle, and the three semicircular canals. The vestibule is the name of the fluid- ... From the posterior wall of the saccule is given off a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus (endolymphatic duct). This duct is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccule

A canal [ru] separates the park from the Kronverk (now the Artillery Museum), which otherwise would be at the center of the ... The park has a semicircular/crescent shape. The Leningrad Zoo is the largest occupant of the park. The other end of the park is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Park_(Saint_Petersburg)

"Lachine Canal National Historic Site of Canada" (PDF). Parks Canada. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2011. ... The park contains two belvederes, the more prominent of which is the Kondiaronk Belvedere, a semicircular plaza with a chalet ... The opening of the Lachine Canal permitted ships to bypass the unnavigable Lachine Rapids, while the construction of the ... Canal Savoir). Montreal has three daily newspapers, the English-language Montreal Gazette and the French-language Le Journal de ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal

... electroreceptors in fish Ampulla of semicircular canal (osseous ampulla), dilated portion at the end of the semicircular canals ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampulla_(disambiguation)

The semicircular canal found on A. felinus and all other gorgonopsians suggests that their heads were ventrally tilted, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelurosaurus

Williston observed that the semicircular canals inside a plesiosaur's ear were well developed, giving them a good sense of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_plesiosaur_research

Castle Garden as a Magnet the Erie Canal and the Great Railroads Wonderful Increase of Steam-ships They Are Built From Emigrant ... By January 1911, officials instead planned to expand Castle Garden, adding semicircular wings to the west and east for over $1 ... assembly Bills Affecting New-york and Brooklyn for Lengthening the Canal Locks an Irate Mayor Attacks the Governor the Castle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Clinton

Tiber Creek was straightened and connected to and became part of the Washington City Canal. The canal fell into disuse by the ... A month later, Ayres and the other Board members proposed constructing eight buildings, connected by plazas, semi-circular ... Heine, Cornelius W. "The Washington City Canal." Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C. 1953. "Honor ... "The Washington City Canal," Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C., 1953, pp. 1-27; "The Tiber Creek ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Ayres

... migrate into one of the three semicircular canals (the posterior canal is most commonly affected due to its anatomical position ... The roll test can determine whether the horizontal semicircular canal is involved. The roll test requires the person to be in a ... It involves a reorientation of the head to align the posterior semicircular canal (at its entrance to the ampulla) with the ... The crystals may dislodge from the utricle (an otolith organ) and settle within the semicircular canals. When there is motion, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_paroxysmal_positional_vertigo

... in Southall as an overflow offtake from the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal]. The Crane has always been so marked in ... from where its course is nearly semi-circular to the south then east, joining the tidal Thames at the boundary of St Margarets ... the tripoint is the nearby unconnected canal junction 300 metres northeast. the southern main home of the Dukes mentioned, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Crane,_London

... has long been the centre of a fertile oasis (with water provided by the karez canal system) and an important trade ... of solid brickwork and massive wooden doors plated with iron and covered by a semicircular bastion. The well-kept walls were of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpan

Many of the fossils were isolated and had been recovered from sinkholes, river canals, shorelines, and hot springs, with few of ... The occipital bone is semicircular in posterior view and sloped backwards in lateral view. The articular surfaces as the point ... XII.--Notice of two New Fossil Mammals from Brunswick Canal, Georgia; with observations on some of the fossil quadrupeds of the ... that had been found in the Brunswick Canal in Glynn County, Georgia and dated to the Pleistocene. It was not until 1977 that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremotherium

It was on the Wadak canal which seems to be the east end of the Kunya-Darya which seems to be the river bed that now leads to ... They were built with sun dried mud-bricks and their corners are decorated with semi-circular towers, whilst the inner side of ... Their form is not lancet-like as those commonly found in the Islamic architecture of Central Asia, but rather semicircular. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konye-Urgench

"New Theater Will Involve $4,000,000: Structure Will Be Erected at Broadway and Canal St.; Mills & Gibb Take Space in Park Ave. ... Above these is an ornate bronze transom bar, as well as a semicircular window. The transom contains motifs relating to machines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Park_Avenue

The writer Peter Sager, however, thought that the pond represents the canal basin that previously occupied the site. The main ... and a large semi-circular doorway at the main entrance, with facetted voussoirs demonstrating the influence of the Muslim ... and stand on the site of the basin of the Oxford Canal. Nuffield College was founded in 1937 after a donation to the University ... Nuffield had originally bought the canal basin to beautify that part of the city before he had the idea of building a college ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildings_of_Nuffield_College,_Oxford

The Old Crosscut Canal was built in 1888 by the pioneers, adjacent to an ancient Hohokam canal which is now filled with soil. ... Special craftsmanship is found in the milled door casing, which follows the curve of the semicircular arched opening. The heavy ... The Old Crosscut Canal built adjacent to the Pueblo Grande Ruin in Phoenix. The Old Crosscut Canal was built in 1888. Different ... The overflow release on the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal was built in 1878. It is located near the end of 48th Street on a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historic_properties_in_Phoenix

Next to it is the monument to King Alfonso XII, featuring a semicircular colonnade and an equestrian statue of the monarch on ... the great canal, the narrow channel, the chamfered or bellflower pond, created -along with the chapels- the basic layout of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_del_Buen_Retiro,_Madrid

There are two sections in the labyrinth that are helpful for accomplishing those tasks: the semicircular canals and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_(sensation)

The osteostracans were more similar to lampreys than to jawed vertebrates in possessing two pairs of semicircular canals in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteostraci

Emperor Yang of Sui built a network of canals from the Central Plain to Zhuojun to carry troops and food for the massive ... By early 2005, the city government attempted to control urban sprawl by restricting development to two semicircular bands to ... The completion of the Tonghui Canal in 1293 allowed barges from Tongzhou to sail through the city right to the gates of the ... The expansion and extension of the Grand Canal from Dadu to Hangzhou enabled the city to import greater volumes of grain to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Beijing

The pavilion has topee shaped dome lets and a semicircular Tuscan colonnade. An example of Mouchel's use of Ferro-Concrete is ... These have been attributed to C E Barnard,apparently a Civil Engineer and were originally built alongside the Glamorgan Canal, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Wales

... shared a single courtyard with staircases and entries onto the square and the canal behind. Each apartment consisted of two ... was updated with Renaissance semi-circular arches, supported on fluted Corinthian columns. Also, the columns on the ground ... The former apartments of the procurators were decorated by Giovan Battista Canal and Giuseppe Borsato between 1807 and 1813, ... apartment corresponded to four stores on the ground floor and an archway leading to an inner courtyard that opened to the canal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratie

As in the nodosaurids Sauropelta, Europelta, Silvisaurus and Struthiosaurus austriacus, the neural canal is ellipse-shaped with ... while the other fragment is a semi-circular piece. The texture of the fragments are consistent with the texture of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invictarx

In human beings, the otoliths and semi-circular canals (in the inner ear) are used to maintain balance and orientation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot

... this rotation of the head affects the semicircular canals within the ear which causes a sense of dizziness or nausea before ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_effect_(perception)

The aperture is semicircular. The narrow columella is curved. This species occurs in the Indian Ocean along Réunion and in the ... Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia and Japan; and as non-indigenous marine species through the Suez Canal in European waters and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finella_pupoides

The aqueduct that carries the canal over the River Dane below lock 12 is 45 feet (14 m) high and has a semi-circular arch with ... When the canal was opened, there was also a stop lock at Marple Junction where it joined the Peak Forest Canal, but this stop ... Bosley Lock Flight (grid reference SJ904662) is a flight of twelve canal locks, situated on the Macclesfield Canal at Bosley, ... "Reservoirs and feeders". Macclesfield Canal Society. March 2012. Nicholson 2006, p. 139 "Bosley Side Ponds". Macclesfield Canal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosley_Lock_Flight

The latter consisted of three rooms with a semicircular plan, two of which faced the lake. To the north of the peninsula is the ... This systematic destruction took place not only in the Villa of Domitian, but also in the area of the port-canal of Circeii, ... family was to build at the expense of ancient monuments by robbing their building material to build the docks of the canal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_of_Domitian_(Sabaudia)

The main entrance was at Broadway and contained a semicircular-headed opening. The fourth floor was topped by a large cornice ... Also known as the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company building "Emporis building ID 102530". Emporis. Archived from the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Investing_Building

The endolymph surrounds the ampullary cupula which contains hair cells within the semicircular canals. When the head is tilted ... the fluid inside the semicircular canals inside the ear. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption

... a problem attributed to a detached otoconia in one of the semicircular canals. Hornibrook recommended a repositioning treatment ... for patients with BPPV from the posterior canal location. He wrote that the procedure most often performed for this purpose was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi_Magic_Wand

Balance and equilibrium, I: The vestibule and semicircular canals.. J D Swartz, D L Daniels, H R Harnsberger, K A Shaffer, L ... Balance and equilibrium, I: The vestibule and semicircular canals.. J D Swartz, D L Daniels, H R Harnsberger, K A Shaffer, L ... Balance and equilibrium, I: The vestibule and semicircular canals.. J D Swartz, D L Daniels, H R Harnsberger, K A Shaffer and L ... Balance and equilibrium, I: The vestibule and semicircular canals. Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ...

http://www.ajnr.org/content/17/1/17

Troiani D, Petrosini L, Manni E. Individual semicircular canals and pontine reticular units. Archives of Physiology and ... Individual semicircular canals and pontine reticular units. / Troiani, D.; Petrosini, L.; Manni, E. ... Troiani, D, Petrosini, L & Manni, E 1975, Individual semicircular canals and pontine reticular units, Archives of Physiology ... Troiani, D. ; Petrosini, L. ; Manni, E. / Individual semicircular canals and pontine reticular units. In: Archives of ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/individual-semicircular-canals-and-pontine-reticular-units

... of the preoperative value for both ipsilateral non-plugged semicircular canals. In the plugged semicircular canal, this gain ... Semicircular canals - Plugging - Occlusion - Vestibular function - Hearing - Vestibular implant Identifiers DOI: 10.1007/s00415 ... Objective: To evaluate the evolution of vestibular function and hearing after plugging of a semicircular canal. Methods: Six ... Background: Certain cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can be treated by ...

https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:155365

... Author: Soyka, ... Integration of Semi-Circular Canal and Otolith Cues for Direction Discrimination during Eccentric Rotations. DSpace Repository ...

https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/handle/10900/68992

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndromes is a well-known entity in neurotology. Currently the size of the bony ... Novel Method of measuring canal dehiscence and evaluation of its potential as a predictor of symptoms outcomes after middle ...

https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/reviews/journal-reviews/post/superior-semicircular-canal-dehiscence-volumetry

These small tubes are called the semicircular canals, and they help the body to know if we are standing up, lying down, or ... semicircular canals, cochlea, organ of corti, auditory nerve. The Ear and Sound Unit. ... How do they do that? These canals are filled with a liquid that moves when your head moves, giving your body information about ...

https://www.rocketlit.com/articles/article.php?id=303&utm_source=mosamack&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=pairingpartners&utm_source=mosamack&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=pairingpartners

Modeling adaptation in human semicircular canal response to rotation. Title. Modeling adaptation in human semicircular canal ... Modeling Adaptation Human Semicircular Canal Response Rotation. ...

https://hsl.mit.edu/modeling-adaptation-human-semicircular-canal-response-rotation

Frontiers Impact Metrics Powered by ...

http://loop-impact.frontiersin.org/impact/article/346813

the semicircular canals that help with balance. *the nerves that go to the brain ...

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/types.html

Dehiscent Superior Semicircular Canal Syndrome (DSSCS). Dehiscent Superior Semicircular Canal Syndrome (DSSCS) results from an ... Dehiscent superior semicircular canal syndrome (DSSCS) is caused by an abnormal opening (dehiscence) in the bone overlaying the ... in the bone overlaying the superior semicircular canal of the inner ear. Patients with this syndrome can experience dizziness ... Superior canal dehiscence (SCD) is managed surgically, but patients are often asked to undergo a trial of Vestibular ...

https://www.nyee.edu/care/ent/ear-institute/conditions

The offending posterior semicircular canal is isolated. The hard bone is drilled down with diamond burrs to expose the ... Complete destruction of the affected inner ear is excessive, considering that only the posterior semicircular canal is involved ... A higher number of treatments were required for bilateral posterior canal and multiple canal BPPV, as well as for patients who ... while theoretically a reasonable choice because it is directed at denervation of the offending posterior semicircular canal, is ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/884261-46077/which-crp-maneuvers-are-effective-in-the-treatment-of-benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo-bppv

The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. When you move, the fluid moves inside these tubes. The canals ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001420.htm

semicircular canals Severe congenital deficiency in colour perception achromatopsia Shaped like an anvil incus. ...

https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1605425

... branches of single vestibular neurons activated by stimulation of the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal in ... branches of single vestibular neurons activated by stimulation of the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal in ... branches of single vestibular neurons activated by stimulation of the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal in ... branches of single vestibular neurons activated by stimulation of the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal in ...

https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/axonal-branching-in-the-trochlear-and-oculomotor-nuclei-of-single

The semicircular canals look like three tiny connected tubes. Its their job to help you balance. The canals are filled with ... When you spin around and stop, the reason you feel dizzy is because the fluid in your semicircular canals continues to slosh ... The inner ear includes the cochlea (say: KOH-klee-uh) and the semicircular canals. The snail-shaped cochlea changes the ... Glands in the skin lining the ear canal make earwax, which protects the canal by cleaning out dirt and helping to prevent ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/ConnecticutChildrens/en/kids/ears.html

Two significant structures make up the internal ear: the semicircular canals and also the cochlea. Arc canals- though these ... The semicircular canals look like three little tubes attached. That is also their function. The inner ear is an ingrained body ... The canine ear canal is much more extensive than the human ear canal, supplying a more efficient path for audio to get to the ... The canine ear canal is much more extensive than the human ear canal, giving a more efficient path for sound to reach the ...

https://www.jp-health.com/

https://kidshealth.org/DevosChildrens/en/kids/ears.html?view=ptr&WT.ac=k-ptr

Age-related High-frequency Hearing Loss Is Not Associated With Horizontal Semicircular Canal Function. Schubert, Nick M. A.; ...

https://journals.lww.com/ear-hearing/Pages/contributorindex.aspx

Schematic representation (lateral view) of the semicircular canals with debris in the uppermost part of the anterior canal in ... SC, semicircular canal. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) usually presents as a distinct clinical syndrome ... Korres S, Balatsouras DG, Kaberos A, et al. Occurrence of semicircular canal involvement in benign paroxysmal positional ... Due to the coplanar orientation of the left posterior canal with the right anterior canal, the left Hallpike manoeuvre should ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/75/5/779

Following a head impulse, the activated semicircular canal will turn red and the inhibited semicircular canal will turn blue. ... gains for all six semicircular canals. Vertical canals are tested by thrusting the patients head in the 45-degree planes while ... A thorough assessment of semicircular-canal function EyeSeeCam vHIT can be used to measure and display vestibular-ocular reflex ... The 3D head model has anatomically correct semicircular canals and provides visual and reliable feedback. The 3D head model is ...

https://www.interacoustics.com/balance-testing-equipment/eyeseecam-vhit

... which includes dwarf cochleas and incomplete formation of the semicircular canals. The semicircular canals of the vestibular ... Ear canals are often stenotic but rarely occluded.. Middle ears typically have ossicular malformations that result in ... Middle-ear effusion and drainage into the ear canals are still a persistent problem. The conductive component of her hearing ... but we suspect because of the coupling in the external auditory canal and the reduced amount of sound power required, the ...

https://www.asha.org/articles/audiologic-issues-in-charge-syndrome/

Categories: Semicircular Canals Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Semicircular+Canals&parentid=14897&catid=23377

Vestibular nucleus (innervates semicircular canals). *Fibers from both nerves join to form one trunk ... Passes via Internal Auditory Canal to their respective somatic sensory ganglia. *Spiral Ganglion (Hearing) ...

https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/Neuro/Anatomy/CrnlNrv8.htm

Here is how the vestibular system senses motion: There are three semicircular canals for sensing motion, specifically ...

https://science.howstuffworks.com/weightlessness.htm

A horizontal semicircular canal in the inner ear.. * Paired nasal sacs which are independent from the hypophysial tube. In all ... this pouch remains as a thin canal in the palate, the buccohypophysial canal, whereas the nasal sacs open separately to the ...

http://tolweb.org/Gnathostomata

"When you spin around, youre activating the semicircular canals, rotation sensors. Theyre filled with fluid and theyre ...

https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2022/california-is-the-first-state-to-move-to-an-endemic-plan/

Vestibular contributions to the Romberg test: Testing semicircular canal and otolith function. Halmágyi GM, Curthoys IS. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Halmagyi+G%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

Balance and equilibrium, I: The vestibule and semicircular canals. (ajnr.org)
If the patient remains in this position for several hours, the floating particles lying in the non-ampullary arm of the canal can gradually slip out of the canal towards the vestibule due to gravity. (bmj.com)
The vestibular system consists of a large chamber (ie, the vestibule) from which 3 semicircular canals protrude. (medscape.com)
Within the vestibule, 2 sensors (the utricle and the saccule), detect linear acceleration, and the semicircular canals detect rotational movements in the 3 planes of rotation. (medscape.com)
The vestibule houses the two static organs of equilibrium (saccule and utricle) as well as the cristae in the semicircular canals. (cdc.gov)
Any drug with the potential to cause toxic reactions to structures of the inner ear, including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and otoliths, is considered ototoxic. (medscape.com)
The end organs for gravity and motion detection consist of five separate sensory organs: the macula of the utricule (pp 47 and 50) and macula of the saccule, both housed in the vestibule and three cristae, one in the ampullated end of the superior, lateral (or horizontal) and posterior semicircular canals (pp 48-50). (cdc.gov)
The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. (bvsalud.org)

Cochlea and semicircular canals. (cdc.gov)
The inner ear includes the cochlea (say: KOH-klee-uh) and the semicircular canals. (kidshealth.org)
The cochlear nerve, which is attached to the cochlea and sends sound information to the brain, and the vestibular nerve, which carries balance information from the semicircular canals to the brain, together make up the vestibulocochlear (say: vess-tib-yuh-lo-KOH-klee-er) nerve. (kidshealth.org)
2022 - 6x4x4 mm with 3mm extension into cochlea and semicircular canals. (anausa.org)
Sound enters through auditory canal , vibrates tympanic membrane ,moving three bones of middle ear ( malleus , incus , and stapes )against oval window opening in front of cochlea. (wikibooks.org)
The membranous labyrinth spirals around a central bony canal, the modiolus, that contains the auditory division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (i.e., 8th cranial) and blood vessels to the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
The inner ear (also called the labyrinth) contains 2 main structures - the cochlea, which is involved in hearing, and the vestibular system (consisting of the 3 semicircular canals, saccule and utricle), which is responsible for maintaining balance. (short-facts.com)

The temporal bone contains the organs for hearing (i.e., organ of Corti) and the detection of gravity, linear and rotational motion (i.e., maculae of the utricule and saccule, cristae of the superior, lateral and posterior semicircular canals). (cdc.gov)
Another study related to the knowledge of arteries anterior and posterior semicircular canals students about attitudes and practices for the to irrigate, utricle, saccule and part of the cochlea8. (bvsalud.org)

The head trauma may dislodge the otoliths off the hair cells within the utricle, allowing them the opportunity to enter the semicircular canals. (medscape.com)

Vestibular contributions to the Romberg test: Testing semicircular canal and otolith function. (nih.gov)
The account integrates results from single neuron recordings of identified semicircular canal and otolith afferent neurons in guinea pigs in response to low frequency skull vibration with evidence of the eye movement response in cats to selective semicircular canal stimulation (both individual and combined) and a simple model of nystagmus generation to show how these results explain most of the major characteristics of SVIN. (mdpi.com)
Normal balance is the result of the interaction between the inputs derived by the peripheral vestibular system (semicircular canals and otolith organs), which are integrated in the vestibular nuclei with proprioceptive and visual information. (springer.com)

The labyrinth maintains connections with the central nervous system (CNS) and subarachnoid space by way of the internal auditory canal and cochlear aqueduct. (medscape.com)
In patients with meningitis, bacteria can spread from the cerebrospinal fluid to the membranous labyrinth by way of the internal auditory canal or cochlear aqueduct. (medscape.com)

Bacterial infections of the middle ear or mastoid most commonly spread to the labyrinth through a dehiscent horizontal semicircular canal. (medscape.com)
The other fluid-filled chambers of the inner ear include three tubes called the semicircular canals (vestibular labyrinth). (mayoclinic.org)
Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. (bvsalud.org)
The vestibular system, a labyrinth of semi-circular canals, perceives motion in three-dimensional space and is known as the equilibrium center. (swbrainpc.com)

The posterior, lateral, and superior canals make up the three semicircular canals. (merckmanuals.com)
There are three semicircular canals that are oriented at nearly right angles to one another and are named the anterior (superior), lateral (horizontal) and posterior canals. (cdc.gov)
A CAT scan observed blockage of both nasal passages (bilateral pyriform aperture stenosis) and an abnormal right internal ear (dysplastic lateral semicircular canal). (harvard.edu)

Background: Certain cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can be treated by plugging of the affected semicircular canal. (unige.ch)
Methods: Six patients underwent testing before and 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months after plugging of the superior or posterior semicircular canal. (unige.ch)
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndromes is a well-known entity in neurotology. (entandaudiologynews.com)
Bone-conduction hyperacusis induced by superior canal dehiscence in human: the underlying mechanism. (harvard.edu)
Head rotation evoked tinnitus due to superior semicircular canal dehiscence. (harvard.edu)

Other surgical procedures include removing parts of the vestibular nerve or semicircular canals in the inner ear. (empowher.com)

Meniere disease is due to dysfunction of the semi-circular canals (endolymphatic sac) in the inner ear . (rxlist.com)

With a cotton round, or similar object, area it inside the ear canal until completion touches the eardrum. (jp-health.com)
The middle ear is separated from the outer ear by the eardrum , or tympanic (say: tim-PAN-ik) membrane, a thin piece of tissue stretched tight across the ear canal. (kidshealth.org)
They adjust thanks to the narrow Eustachian (say: yoo-STAY-she-en) tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and acts as a sort of pressure valve, so the pressure stays balanced on both sides of the eardrum. (kidshealth.org)
Doing so can scratch the ear canal, push earwax deeper into the ear, and even rupture the eardrum . (kidshealth.org)
The ear canal, also called the external acoustic meatus, is a passage comprised of bone and skin leading to the eardrum. (short-facts.com)

This report presents a therapeutic procedure for refractory benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (antBPPV) of the anterior canal. (bmj.com)
Conditions that can result in balance problems include, but are not limited to, BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo), spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal where our spinal cord is located), dorsal column disease, cerebellar lesions, and/or circulation loss into the back of the brain. (drdavidwarwick.com)

The rationale for this therapy is that when the patient lies in the proposed forced position, the affected anterior canal is uppermost in an almost gravitationally vertical position. (bmj.com)
Thus, debris within the anterior canal should be self clearing. (bmj.com)
The torsional component may be weak because of the predominantly sagittal orientation of the anterior canal, and may not be readily seen clinically. (bmj.com)

All that matters is that an illusion of motion is caused by a misperception of a stimulus (the otoliths that have inappropriately entered one of the semicircular canals). (medscape.com)
In general, the Hallpike test will be positive on one side (the side with the otoliths in the posterior semicircular canal) and negative on the other side. (medscape.com)

Axonal branches of single vestibular neurons activated by stimulation of the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal in the cat were studied by means of local antidromic stimulation in the trochlear and the oculomotor nucleus. (elsevier.com)

Primary auditory neurons, called spiral ganglion neurons, are located in Rosenthal's canal (pp 29, 30), a spiral channel at the periphery of the modiolus. (cdc.gov)

The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. (medlineplus.gov)

[3] BPPV results from calcium deposits or debris in the posterior semicircular canal and causes frequent transient episodes of vertigo lasting a few minutes or less. (nih.gov)

in consequence, at the end of the second month, the facial nerve and the genicular ganglion lie in a groove, to be subsequently converted into a canal, on the vestibular part of the capsule. (co.ma)

If the test is positive on both sides, this suggests bilateral posterior semicircular canal involvement (rare), horizontal semicircular canal involvement, or some other entity. (medscape.com)

Objective: To evaluate the evolution of vestibular function and hearing after plugging of a semicircular canal. (unige.ch)
Conclusion Plugging of a semicircular canal can affect both vestibular function and hearing. (unige.ch)
This stresses the importance of adequate counseling of patients considering plugging of a semicircular canal. (unige.ch)
We recommend trying PFPP when the side of lithiasis cannot be determined, in cases that are resistant to particle repositioning canal manoeuvres, and before considering canal plugging for refractory antBPPV. (bmj.com)
A surgical procedure called "canal plugging" may be recommended. (empowher.com)
Canal plugging completely stops the posterior semicircular canal's function without affecting the functions of the other canals or parts of the inner ear. (empowher.com)

Labyrinthitis is a condition which causes irritation of tiny hair cells which project into fluid-filled canals (labyrinths) within the balance center in the inner ear. (medicalsymptomsguide.com)

1, 2 BPPV can involve any of the semicircular canals (SC), although the posterior SC type is by far the most frequent. (bmj.com)
BPPV commonly is attributed to either canalolithiasis or cupulolithiasis (debris free floating in the canal or attached to the cupula). (bmj.com)
BPPV affects the sensing tube in the inner ear called the posterior semicircular canal. (medicalsymptomsguide.com)

The external ear consists of the auricle, external ear canal, and tympanic membrane. (medscape.com)

Results: Initially, ipsilateral caloric response decreased in all patients and vHIT vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain of each ipsilateral semicircular canal decreased in 4/6 patients. (unige.ch)
EyeSeeCam vHIT can be used to measure and display vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gains for all six semicircular canals. (interacoustics.com)

Its main job is to gather sounds and funnel them to the ear canal, which is the pathway that leads to the middle ear. (kidshealth.org)
The ear is comprised of the ear canal (also known as the outer ear), the middle ear, and the inner ear. (short-facts.com)

Hair cells in the semicircular canals detect the motion of the fluid when you move in any direction. (mayoclinic.org)

Novel Method of measuring canal dehiscence and evaluation of its potential as a predictor of symptoms outcomes after middle fossa craniotomy. (entandaudiologynews.com)

Anatomy of the semicircular canals. (medscape.com)

Disease entities of the external ear include: absence of the pinna or external auditorymeatus, infections, earwax accumulation in the external auditory canal, or tumors. (cdc.gov)

As the episodes grew in severity, Shepard was forced to submit to medical tests, which diagnosed a build-up of fluids in the semicircular canals of his inner ears, affecting his sense of balance and inducing vertigo, nausea, hearing loss and intense aural ringing. (americaspace.com)

The outer ear is made up of the pinna - also called the auricle (say: OR-ih-kul) - and the ear canal. (kidshealth.org)
The outer ear is composed of the visible part of the ear (pinna) and the ear canal. (mayoclinic.org)
The cup-shaped pinna (PIN-uh) gathers sound waves from the environment and directs them into the ear canal. (mayoclinic.org)

Each canal has one enlarged or ampullated end that contains the crista, a crest of sensory and supporting cells that is oriented perpendicular to the axis of its canal. (cdc.gov)

The canals are very sensitive to any movement of the fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
Three semicircular canals loop in three planes at right angles to each other, responsible for transduction of movement messages. (wikibooks.org)

It results from a buildup of calcium carbonate and protein in the ear canals. (medicalsymptomsguide.com)

Vertical canals are tested by thrusting the patient's head in the 45-degree planes while the patient continues to focus on the target in front of them. (interacoustics.com)

When your head moves, the fluid in the canals sloshes around, moving the hairs. (kidshealth.org)

The semicircular canals are part of your balance system. (short-facts.com)
Our ears are involved in more than just hearing, and the presence of the semicircular canals in our ears can lead to balance problems in people suffering from hearing loss. (short-facts.com)

The 3D head model has anatomically correct semicircular canals and provides visual and reliable feedback. (interacoustics.com)
Following a head impulse, the activated semicircular canal will turn red and the inhibited semicircular canal will turn blue. (interacoustics.com)
Disruption of the head direction cell signal after occlusion of the semicircular canals in the freely moving chinchilla. (spaceref.com)

Glands in the skin lining the ear canal make earwax , which protects the canal by cleaning out dirt and helping to prevent infections. (kidshealth.org)

Anatomy32

Organisms4

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes11

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

3D MRI of the membranous labyrinth. An age related comparison of MR findings in patients with labyrinthine fibrosis and in persons without inner ear symptoms. (1/325)

Differential transcriptional control as the major molecular event in generating Otx1-/- and Otx2-/- divergent phenotypes. (2/325)

Morphological, morphometric, and functional differences in the vestibular organ of different breeds of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). (3/325)

Short- and long-term consequences of canal plugging on gaze shifts in the rhesus monkey. I. Effects on gaze stabilization. (4/325)

Firing behavior of vestibular neurons during active and passive head movements: vestibulo-spinal and other non-eye-movement related neurons. (5/325)

Integration of vestibular and head movement signals in the vestibular nuclei during whole-body rotation. (6/325)

Targeted mutagenesis of the POU-domain gene Brn4/Pou3f4 causes developmental defects in the inner ear. (7/325)

Influence of surgical plugging on horizontal semicircular canal mechanics and afferent response dynamics. (8/325)

Semicircular Canals

Otolithic Membrane

Vestibular Nerve

Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular

Vestibule, Labyrinth

Ear, Inner

Ear Canal

Vertigo

Rotation

Semicircular Ducts

Labyrinthine Fluids

Head Movements

Hearing Loss, Conductive

Labyrinth Diseases

Vestibular Diseases

Bone Conduction

Caloric Tests

Temporal Bone

Ear Diseases

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

Vestibular Function Tests

Endolymph

Nystagmus, Physiologic

Hair Cells, Vestibular

Vestibular Nuclei

Nystagmus, Pathologic

Batrachoidiformes

Saccule and Utricle

Spinal Canal

Chinchilla

Eye Movements

Root Canal Preparation

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases

Acceleration

Head

Meniere Disease

Gravitation

Otologic Surgical Procedures

Perilymph

Endolymphatic Duct

Hair Cells, Ampulla

Torsion Abnormality

Root Canal Irrigants

Stapes

Petrous Bone

Dental Pulp Cavity

Saimiri

Gravity Sensing

Endolymphatic Sac

Rana esculenta

Root Canal Filling Materials

Cochlea

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Cranial Fossa, Middle

Choanal Atresia

Otosclerosis

Cochlear Aqueduct

Afferent Pathways

Hair Cells, Auditory

Hearing Tests

Ear

Anal Canal

Tinnitus

Kinesthesis

Tooth Apex

Motion Sickness

X-Ray Microtomography

Neurons, Afferent

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural

Orientation

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

3D MRI of the membranous labyrinth. An age related comparison of MR findings in patients with labyrinthine fibrosis and in persons without inner ear symptoms. (1/325)

Differential transcriptional control as the major molecular event in generating Otx1-/- and Otx2-/- divergent phenotypes. (2/325)

Morphological, morphometric, and functional differences in the vestibular organ of different breeds of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). (3/325)

Short- and long-term consequences of canal plugging on gaze shifts in the rhesus monkey. I. Effects on gaze stabilization. (4/325)

Firing behavior of vestibular neurons during active and passive head movements: vestibulo-spinal and other non-eye-movement related neurons. (5/325)

Integration of vestibular and head movement signals in the vestibular nuclei during whole-body rotation. (6/325)

Targeted mutagenesis of the POU-domain gene Brn4/Pou3f4 causes developmental defects in the inner ear. (7/325)

Influence of surgical plugging on horizontal semicircular canal mechanics and afferent response dynamics. (8/325)

Cochlear implant outcomes in patients with superior canal dehiscence. - Semantic Scholar