Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
An office in the Department of Labor responsible for developing and establishing occupational safety and health standards.
An institute of the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals.
A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to VETERANS. It was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.
The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of VETERANS.
Hospitals providing medical care to veterans of wars.
The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.
Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.

Behavioral, toxic, and neurochemical effects of sydnocarb, a novel psychomotor stimulant: comparisons with methamphetamine. (1/2040)

Sydnocarb (3-(beta-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoylsydnonimine) is a psychostimulant in clinical practice in Russia as a primary and adjunct therapy for a host of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression. It has been described as a stimulant with an addiction liability and toxicity less than that of amphetamines. The present study undertook to evaluate the psychomotor stimulant effects of sydnocarb in comparison to those of methamphetamine. Sydnocarb increased locomotor activity of mice with reduced potency (approximately 10-fold) and efficacy compared with methamphetamine. Sydnocarb blocked the locomotor depressant effects of haloperidol at doses that were inactive when given alone. The locomotor stimulant effects of both methamphetamine and sydnocarb were dose-dependently blocked by the dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists SCH 39166 and spiperone, respectively; blockade generally occurred at doses of the antagonists that did not depress locomotor activity when given alone. In mice trained to discriminate methamphetamine from saline, sydnocarb fully substituted for methamphetamine with a 9-fold lower potency. When substituted for methamphetamine under self-administration experiments in rats, 10-fold higher concentrations of sydnocarb maintained responding by its i.v. presentation. Sydnocarb engendered stereotypy in high doses with approximately a 2-fold lower potency than methamphetamine. However, sydnocarb was much less efficacious than methamphetamine in inducing stereotyped behavior. Both sydnocarb and methamphetamine increased dialysate levels of dopamine in mouse striatum; however, the potency and efficacy of sydnocarb was less than methamphetamine. The convulsive effects of cocaine were significantly enhanced by the coadministration of nontoxic doses of methamphetamine but not of sydnocarb. Taken together, the present findings indicate that sydnocarb has psychomotor stimulant effects that are shared by methamphetamine while demonstrating a reduced behavioral toxicity.  (+info)

Ethanol as a hypnotic in insomniacs: self administration and effects on sleep and mood. (2/2040)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of low ethanol doses on sleep and mood and to assess its reinforcing effects used as a hypnotic. Twenty healthy adults, aged 21-45 yrs, all moderate social drinkers, were studied: eleven subjects had insomnia and nine were normal sleepers, as documented by clinical polysomnography. On two sampling nights each, ethanol (0.5 g/kg) or placebo was administered before sleep in color-coded cups presented in three doses (0.2, 0.2, and 0.1 g/kg) separated by 15 min. On three subsequent nights subjects chose their preferred presleep beverage (0.2 g/kg ethanol or placebo) based on cup color and were given an opportunity for 3 additional refills (0.2 g/kg each) of the chosen beverage at 15 min intervals, yielding a total possible dose of 0.8 g/kg. Insomniacs chose ethanol 67% of nights and normals 22%. Insomniacs chose significantly more ethanol refills than normals for an average nightly dose of 0.45 g/kg and normals took significantly more placebo refills. On the sampling nights 0.5 g/kg ethanol reduced REM sleep for both groups for the 8-hr sleep period and in insomniacs increased stage 3-4 sleep and reduced stage 1 sleep during the first half of the night to the level seen in the normals. Other sleep variables were not altered in either group or halves of the night. Presleep improvements in the Profile of Mood States tension and concentration factors were also associated with ethanol administration. Thus, acutely, both sleep and mood effects appear to be associated with the reinforcing effects of ethanol as a hypnotic for insomniacs.  (+info)

Reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior by drug-associated discriminative stimuli after prolonged extinction in the rat. (3/2040)

Clinical observations suggest that stimuli associated with the availability or consumption of ethanol can evoke subjective feelings of craving and trigger episodes of relapse in abstinent alcoholics. To study the motivational significance of alcohol-related environmental cues experimentally, the effects of discriminative stimuli previously predictive of alcohol availability on the reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior were examined. Wistar rats were trained to lever-press for 10% (w/v) ethanol or water in the presence of distinct auditory cues. The rats were then subjected to an extinction phase where lever presses had no scheduled consequences. After extinction, the animals were exposed to the respective auditory cues without the availability of ethanol or water. Neither the ethanol (SA+) nor water-associated (SA-) auditory cue increased responding over extinction levels. In contrast, subsequent presentation of an olfactory cue associated with ethanol (SO+), but not a water-associated (SO-) cue significantly reinstated lever pressing behavior in the absence of the primary reinforcer. Moreover, responding elicited by the concurrent presentation of the SO+ and SA+ was selectively attenuated by the opiate antagonist naltrexone (0.25 mg/kg; s.c.). The results suggest that ethanol-associated cues can reinstate extinguished ethanol-seeking behavior in rats, but that the efficacy of these stimuli may be modality-specific. In addition, the present procedures may be useful for studying neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol-seeking behavior and relapse.  (+info)

An evaluation of increasing doses of ranitidine for treatment of heartburn. (4/2040)

BACKGROUND: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, parallel group, dose-ranging trial of ranitidine tablets for relief of episodic heartburn. Adult out-patients who reported heartburn relieved by antacids at least seven times per week were eligible. METHODS: Patients who successfully completed a 1-week single-blind placebo run-in phase and who did not achieve adequate relief in more than 50% of heartburn episodes were randomized to a 1-week, double-blind treatment phase during which they received ranitidine doses of 25, 75 or 125 mg, or placebo. RESULTS: Of 577 patients randomized, 566 had at least one evaluable heartburn episode and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. All three ranitidine doses were statistically significantly superior to placebo in providing overall episodic heartburn relief for the first episode (P < 0.002), last episode (P+info)

Dopamine fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens during maintenance, extinction, and reinstatement of intravenous D-amphetamine self-administration. (5/2040)

Moment-to-moment fluctuations of nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) were determined in rats self-administering or passively receiving "yoked" intravenous infusions of D-amphetamine. The initial lever presses of each session caused elevations in DA concentration, usually to an initial peak that was not maintained throughout the rest of the session. As the initial ("loading") injections were metabolized, DA levels dropped toward baseline but were sustained at elevated plateaus by subsequent lever pressing that was spaced throughout the remainder of the 3 hr sessions. During this period, DA levels fluctuated phasically, time-locked to the cycle of periodic lever pressing. Consistent with the known pharmacological actions and dynamics of amphetamine, peak DA elevations were seen approximately 10-15 min after each injection, and the mean DA level was at a low point in the phasic cycle at the time of each new lever press. During extinction periods when saline was substituted for amphetamine, DA levels dropped steadily toward baseline levels despite a dramatic increase in (now-unrewarded) lever pressing. Noncontingent injections during extinction reinstated lever-pressing behavior and increased nucleus accumbens DA concentrations. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that under the conditions of this experiment-during periods of amphetamine intoxication in well-trained animals-the timing of amphetamine self-administration comes primarily under the control of extracellular DA concentrations. The probability of lever pressing during the maintenance phase is highest when DA concentrations fall near a characteristic trigger point, a trigger point that is significantly elevated above baseline, and falls as DA concentrations fall below or increase above that trigger point.  (+info)

Effects of contingent and non-contingent cocaine on drug-seeking behavior measured using a second-order schedule of cocaine reinforcement in rats. (6/2040)

Rats were trained to respond with intravenous cocaine as the reinforcer under a fixed interval 15-min schedule, during which conditioned stimuli paired with cocaine were presented contingent on completion of a fixed ratio of 10 responses (i.e., second-order schedule of reinforcement). The effects of contingent and noncontingent cocaine were investigated. The results show that pretreatment with noncontingent (i.e., experimenter-administered) cocaine led to a satiation-like effect that was reflected in decreased numbers of responses and a tendency for an increased latency to initiate responding when the doses of cocaine administered were similar to or higher than the training/maintenance dose of cocaine. By contrast, noncontingent administration of cocaine doses lower than the training/maintenance dose, and response-contingent cocaine administration, led to increased drug-seeking behavior, as reflected in increased numbers of responses. The present data indicate that at least two factors determine whether administration of cocaine would lead to drug-seeking behavior: whether the cocaine administration is contingent or noncontingent, and the relative magnitude of the cocaine dose administered in relation to the training/maintenance dose of cocaine.  (+info)

Effects of self-administered cocaine on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol in male rhesus monkeys. (7/2040)

This study was designed to examine the effects of self-administered cocaine on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in rhesus monkeys. Initially, basal release of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was measured in singly housed male and female monkeys (n = 9) over a 24-h period using plasma samples obtained from indwelling venous catheters. Basal cortisol and ACTH levels in both male and female rhesus monkeys demonstrated a circadian pattern of release, with peak levels for cortisol (19.60 +/- 2.16 microgram/dl) and ACTH (19.63 +/- 2.56 pg/ml) measured at 6:00 AM. The nadir for ACTH (6.27 +/- 0.62 pg/ml) occurred at 6:00 PM, preceding the cortisol nadir (5.55 +/- 1.21 microgram/dl) at 9:00 PM. The reinforcing effects of saline, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg/injection cocaine were then evaluated using a fixed-ratio 30, time-out 10-min schedule of reinforcement in seven male monkeys. Blood was sampled before, during, and after self-administration sessions. Self-administration of cocaine produced dose-dependent increases in cortisol and ACTH. One dose of cocaine (0.03 mg/kg/injection), although reliably self-administered, did not produce a significant increase in HPA axis activity. These results indicate that although cocaine dose-dependently increases HPA axis activity, the HPA effect is more likely a consequence of overall cocaine intake than it is an indicator of cocaine doses that are sufficient to maintain self-administration behavior.  (+info)

The cost effectiveness of patient-applied versus provider-administered intervention strategies for the treatment of external genital warts. (8/2040)

OBJECTIVE: External genital warts are one of the fastest growing sexually transmitted diseases in the United States today. Two forms of therapy are available: provider-administered and patient-applied. In the most widely used provider-administered ablative therapies, sustained clearance rates range from 18.5% to 40.1%. With nonablative, patient-applied therapies, which are typically more acceptable to patients, sustained clearance rates range from 19.6% with podofilox gel to 44.0% with imiquimod cream. The purpose of this study, given the range of therapies available, their cost differences, and clinical trial-reported differences in rates of sustained clearance, is to determine which therapy modalities, from the providers' perspective, are the most cost effective and which are likely to be the most acceptable to the patient population. STUDY DESIGN: We consider the cost effectiveness of the two patient-applied therapies as first-line therapy followed by provider-administered ablative treatment as second-line therapy. A decision-analytic model framework is developed, with data drawn both from clinical trials and from previously published studies. RESULTS: When considering a two-stage therapy model, with an average sustained clearance rate of 30% assumed for provider-administered ablative therapies, estimated costs per sustained cleared patient are $1265 for patients initially treated with imiquimod and $1304 for patients initially treated with podofilox gel. CONCLUSIONS: Initial treatment with imiquimod is the preferred intervention option as it yields a 39% greater sustained clearance rate than podofilox gel while being 3% less costly per successful outcome.  (+info)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Once is too much. T2 - Conditioned aversion develops immediately and predicts future cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. AU - Colechio, Elizabeth M.. AU - Imperio, Caesar G.. AU - Grigson, Patricia S.. PY - 2014/4/1. Y1 - 2014/4/1. N2 - Rats emit aversive taste reactivity (TR) behavior (i.e., gapes) following intraoral delivery of a cocainepaired taste cue and greater conditioned aversive TR at the end of training predicts greater drug-seeking and taking. Here, we examined the development of this conditioned aversive TR behavior on a trial-by-trial basis in an effort to determine when the change in behavior occurs and whether early changes in this behavior can be used to predict later drug taking. The results show that conditioned aversive TR to a cocaine-paired cue occurs very early in training (i.e., following as few as 1-2 taste-drug pairings) and, importantly, that it can be used to predict later drug seeking and drug taking in rats.. AB - Rats emit aversive taste ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Blockade of the Serotonin 5-HT 2A Receptor Suppresses Cue-Evoked Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in a Rat Self-Administration Model. AU - Dhonnchadha, B. Á Nic. AU - Fox, R. G.. AU - Stutz, S. J.. AU - Rice, K. C.. AU - Cunningham, Kathryn. PY - 2009/4. Y1 - 2009/4. N2 - The serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR) may play a role in reinstatement of drug-seeking. This study investigated the ability of a selective 5-HT 2AR antagonist to suppress reinstatement evoked by exposure to cues conditioned to cocaine self-administration. Cocaine self-administration (0.75 mg/kg/0.1 mL/6 s infusion; FR 4) was trained in naïve, free-fed rats to allow interpretation of results independent from changes related to food deprivation stress. Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT 2AR antagonist M100907 (volinanserin) failed to reduce rates of operant responding for cocaine infusions. On the other hand, M100907 (0.001-0.8 mg/kg ip) significantly suppressed the cue-induced reinstatement of ...
Rats were induced to drink either a saline-etonitazene solution or a saline solution with a schedule-induced polydipsia paradigm. When water was freely available, the rats continued to drink the saline solution or the saline-etonitazene solution, rather than the water. When the locations of the solutions were switched, the rats that were drinking saline switched to water (drank at the usual location), but the rats that were drinking saline-etonitazene continued to drink the saline-etonitazene solution (drank from the bottle at the other location). Naloxone administration temporarily eliminated the drinking of saline-etonitazene solution, but not that of saline solution. ...
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Using an intravenous drug self-administration model in squirrel monkeys, we found that 2-AG, like THC, cocaine, and other abused drugs, was an effective reinforcer of drug-taking behavior. 2-AG was self-administered by monkeys that had a cannabinoid self-administration history (anandamide monkeys), as well as by monkeys with no history of cannabinoid self-administration (nicotine monkeys). The fact that 2-AG maintained drug-taking behavior in monkeys without a cannabinoid self-administration history suggests that the reinforcing effects of 2-AG were not dependent on prior self-administration of a particular class of drugs. Rates of responding maintained by 2-AG injections were comparable to those maintained under the same conditions by THC, anandamide, methanandamide (a metabolism-resistant analog of anandamide), or cocaine injections in our previous studies (Tanda et al., 2000; Justinova et al., 2003, 2005, 2008).. Although the rates of responding maintained by 2-AG injections were comparable ...
RATIONALE: Drug addiction is a disease with a genetic component that may be involved in different stages of its progression. Cocaine users escalate unit doses and frequency of self-administration events in naturalistic settings. Rats that self-administer drugs of abuse over extended sessions increase the number of infusions over days. OBJECTIVES: Comparison of two genetically different inbred rat strains, Fischer and Lewis, in a new self-administration paradigm whereby rats select between different unit doses of cocaine, thus potentially escalating the unit dose and the number of infusions. METHODS: Extended (18 h/day) self-administration sessions lasted for 14 days. Rats had access to two active levers associated with two different unit doses of cocaine. If a rat showed preference for the higher unit dose, then the available doses were escalated in the following session. Four cocaine unit doses were available (0.2, 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg/infusion). RESULTS: Lewis rats showed a clear ...
Cocaine self-administration studies in animals such as mice and rats are helping to clarify the mechanisms and controls of cocaine reward and abuse. Self-administration studies are commonly done in rats using a catheter which is placed into a vein or directly into the brain. Researchers who choose to study the genetics of addiction and self-administration find mice are considerably more useful than rats. This is because their entire genome is sequenced and because we have the ability to mutate or knock out specific genes and then determine the changes in the mice without functional use of these genes. The problem with trying to do cocaine experiments on mice is that due to their small size, it is difficult to properly place and maintain the catheters.. Animals normally respond more severely to repeated doses of cocaine, indicating they are sensitized to subsequent doses of the same concentration. Sensitization can be measured by an increase in repeated behaviors, referred to as stereotypies, ...
Cues present during cocaine self-administration become associated with the drug and if encountered during abstinence, increase the probability of relapse. However, despite much research on human relapse, including the use of animal behavioral models, the way in which relapse-inducing cues are interpreted by the user has remained elusive. Recent theories propose that, after long experience with self administration, drug taking shifts from goal-directed to a habit-like behavior, and therefore cues induce relapse automatically, thus bypassing information processing related to the consequences of relapse. But an alternative hypothesis is that relapse-inducing cues produce an expectation of the drugs consequences, triggering a goal-directed relapse. In animal behavioral experiments, a common procedure used to discriminate between habit and goal-directed responding is reward devaluation: if responding occurs despite devaluation, then the response is considered a habit, or automatic behavior; whereas, ...
Home-Cage Limited Access Drinking Paradigm. The following is a description of general procedures used for measuring voluntary EtOH self- administration in the home cage of mice under limited access conditions. Adult C57BL/6J mice are individually housed in pans with wood-chip bedding under a modified 12 hour light-dark cycle (lights on at 0300 hr). The mice are allowed to acclimate to this housing environment for a minimum of one week prior to the start of the study. Mice have free access to food (rodent lab chow) throughout the study. The animals are weighed once per week, at which time the pans are changed. Water bottles are changed as needed (usually twice per week). Mice are not food or water deprived throughout the study.. Using a modified sucrose-fading technique (Samson, 1986), mice are given daily access to EtOH for 2 hr in the home cage, beginning at 0.5 hr prior to the start of the dark cycle (1430 hr). Standard water bottles are removed and replaced with 15 ml bottles containing ...
Mice lacking Kalirin-7 (Kal7KO), a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, self-administer cocaine at a higher rate than wildtype mice, and show an exaggerated locomotor response to experimenter-administered cocaine. Kal7, which localizes to post-synaptic densities at glutamatergic synapses, interacts directly with the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; GluN) receptor. Consistent with these observations, Kal7 plays an essential role in NMDA receptor dependent long term potentiation and depression, and glutamatergic transmission plays a key role in the response to chronic cocaine. A number of genetic studies have implicated altered Kalirin expression in schizophrenia and other disorders such as Alzheimers Disease. A comparison of the effects of experimenter-administered cocaine on mice lacking all Kalirin isoforms to its effects on mice lacking only Kalirin-7 identified Kal7 as the key isoform whose deletion produces exaggerated locomotor responses to cocaine. Pretreatment of Kal7KO mice with a low
The use of tobacco products is one of leading causes of preventable death worldwide. The psychoactive effects of tobacco have been attributed primarily to its c...
As in previous studies using this and other progressive ratio schedules (Stafford et al., 1998; Wilcox et al., 2000), cocaine functioned as a positive reinforcer and responding increased with dose to an asymptote. (+)-CPCA also functioned as a positive reinforcer under the present progressive ratio schedule, confirming and extending previous self-administration results with this compound in monkeys maintained under a fixed ratio schedule (A. Kozikowski, personal communication). Responding maintained by (+)-CPCA increased with dose then decreased at the highest dose tested. Although only tested in one monkey, it is likely that cocaine-maintained responding would have decreased again had doses of 1.0 mg/kg/injection or higher been tested. In all but one monkey, cocaine was approximately 4-fold more potent than (+)-CPCA as a reinforcer. Maximum levels of responding were higher for cocaine than for (+)-CPCA. Doubling the TO after an injection from 30 to 60 min failed to increase cocaine or ...
Because Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been a false negative in rat intravenous self-administration procedures, the evaluation of the abuse potential of candidate cannabinoid medications has proved difficult. One lab group has successfully trained self-administration of the aminoalkylindole WIN55,212-2 in rats; however, their results have not been independently replicated. The purpose of this study was to extend their model by using a within-subjects design, with the goal of establishing a robust method suitable for substitution testing of other cannabinoids.
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Food maintained responding in mice. Mice were placed in the operant chambers for up to 3 hr/d, 5-7 d per week. Mice were first acclimated to the food that was subsequently used to reinforce operant responding. Mice were deprived of food for 20 hr, which resulted in a mean reduction in body weight of ∼5%. Mice were then placed in test chambers for 2 hr with the fan and house light activated and with a small cup containing 5 ml of vanilla-flavored Ensure (a nutritional supplement, hereafter referred to as liquid food; Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH). After the acclimation session, mice were given 3 gm each of mouse chow in their home cage. This procedure was repeated until a minimum of 1.5 ml of liquid food was consumed during a 2 hr acclimation session (typically within one or two sessions). Thereafter, mouse chow was available ad libitumin the home cage, and the small cup was removed from the test chamber.. During subsequent 2 hr sessions, liquid food was available under a fixed ratio ...
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He said that if he were pastor of a church, in addition to a number of Ash Wednesday services, he would leave the ashes available for self-administration. There was no mention of documental permission for that practice, but the justification he gave was that the ashes are a sacramental (not a sacrament) and like holy water could be self-administered even by a layperson ...
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Fig. 1 Prior alcohol use enhances persistence, motivation, and compulsivity for cocaine self-administration.. (A) Drug treatment paradigm to study alcohol and cocaine coadministration. Access to voluntary alcohol (10% alcohol, 2 hours per day) and voluntary cocaine (self-administration, 0.8 mg/kg per injection) was restricted to 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. and 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., respectively, to avoid metabolic interaction between the two drugs. (B) Alcohol self-administration. Animals in the alcohol-primed group began drinking alcohol on day 1 of the paradigm; animals in the alcohol-concurrent group began drinking on day 11. All groups start cocaine self-administration (0.8 mg/kg per infusion) on day 11. The average alcohol intake during the alcohol-priming period was 1 g/kg during the first 5 days, increasing to 1.2 g/kg during the second 5 days. Alcohol intake was similar in the alcohol-primed versus alcohol-concurrent groups from days 11 to 32 [two-way repeated-measures (RM) analysis of variance ...
Stimulant drugs, including D-amphetamine, cocaine, and methylphenidate, increase cigarette smoking in controlled human laboratory experiments. Although the mechanism(s) underlying this effect are unknown, it is possible that stimulants may enhance directly the abuse-related effects of nicotine. In the present study, we characterized the behavioral pharmacological interactions between methylphenidate and nicotine in the intravenous self-administration, drug discrimination, and locomotor cross-sensitization procedures. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to respond for intravenous nicotine (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg/infusion) or sucrose, and the acute effects of methylphenidate (1.25-10 mg/kg) were determined; in addition, separate groups of rats were treated with methylphenidate (2.5 mg/kg) or saline before 12 consecutive nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration sessions. Next, the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) and methylphenidate (1.25-10 mg/kg), alone ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Self-administration of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. T2 - A review. AU - Ator, Nancy A.. AU - Griffiths, Roland R.. PY - 1987/6. Y1 - 1987/6. N2 - Studies of barbiturate and benzodiazepine self-administration are categorized by species and route of administration. Reinforcement, defined as self-administration of drug greater than of a non-drug control, has been demonstrated most often in studies employing the IV route, and there has been greater reliability in this result for a given drug among barbiturates rather than among benzodiazepines. Most studies of PO self-administration in rodents have not demonstrated reinforcement, despite a number of behavioral manipulations to induce drug intake. Studies of PO barbiturate self-administration in monkeys have demonstrated reinforcement but recent studies of PO benzodiazepine self-administration in baboons have not, although physical dependence was demonstrated. Reinforcement via the IG route has not been reliably demonstrated. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Methamphetamine self-administration causes persistent striatal dopaminergic alterations and mitigates the deficits caused by a subsequent methamphetamine exposure. AU - McFadden, Lisa M.. AU - Hadlock, Greg C.. AU - Allen, Scott C.. AU - Vieira-Brock, Paula L.. AU - Stout, Kristen A.. AU - Ellis, Jonathan D.. AU - Hoonakker, Amanda J.. AU - Andrenyak, David M.. AU - Nielsen, Shannon M.. AU - Wilkins, Diana G.. AU - Hanson, Glen R.. AU - Fleckenstein, Annette E.. PY - 2012/2/1. Y1 - 2012/2/1. N2 - Preclinical studies have demonstrated that repeated methamphetamine (METH) injections (referred to herein as a binge treatment) cause persistent dopaminergic deficits. A few studies have also examined the persistent neurochemical impact of METH self-administration in rats, but with variable results. These latter studies are important because: 1) they have relevance to the study of METH abuse; and 2) the effects of noncontingent METH treatment do not necessarily predict effects of ...
Gene-environment interactions play a significant role in drug abuse and addiction. Epigenetics (the study of how environmental stimuli alter gene expression) has gained attention in recent years as a significant contributor to many behavioral phenotypes of drug addiction. The current study sought to determine if differential rearing conditions can alter a specific epigenetic mechanism, histone deacetylase (HDAC), and how HDAC inhibition can affect drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors differently among enriched, isolated, or standard-housed rats. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were reared for 30 days in enriched (EC), isolated (IC), or standard (SC) conditions prior to amphetamine (0.03, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) self-administration, extinction, or reinstatement sessions. Trichostatin A (TsA; 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), an HDAC inhibitor, was injected 30 min prior to drug-taking or drug-seeking sessions. Results indicated that EC rats self-administered less amphetamine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) than ...
Previous examination of binge cocaine self-administration and 2 week withdrawal from cocaine self-administration about ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit (iGluRs) protein levels revealed significant alterations in iGluR protein levels that differed between your mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. and nigrostriatal pathways (substantia nigra SN and dorsal caudate-putamen CPu). Inside the mesolimbic Mouse monoclonal to Histone 3.1. Histones are the structural scaffold for the organization of nuclear DNA into chromatin. Four core histones, H2A,H2B,H3 and H4 are the major components of nucleosome which is the primary building block of chromatin. The histone proteins play essential structural and functional roles in the transition between active and inactive chromatin states. Histone 3.1, an H3 variant that has thus far only been found in mammals, is replication dependent and is associated with tene activation and gene silencing. pathway reductions had been seen in NR1 and GluR5 ...
Ethanol is a psychoactive compound of several beverage abused by humans and it is well known that, as well as other drugs of abuse, increases dopamine (DA) transmission preferentially in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. The aim of our study was to investigate by microdialysis the role of the NAc shell and core DA in the response to ethanol and to ethanol-conditioned stimuli (ethanol-CS) using an instrumental conditioning paradigm with fixed-ratio 1 (FR1). Rats were trained to acquire sucrose and ethanol oral self-administration under a FR 1 paradigm (1 nose poke corresponds to 0.25 ml administration of 20% sucrose or 10% ethanol in 20% sucrose solutions). We found that oral ethanol, either self-administered or given passively, produces an increase of DA transmission in the shell and in the core, strengthened during the self-administration session, while ethanol-CS increased DA preferentially in the NAc shell. Sucrose oral self-administration and its conditioned cues affects DA exclusively in ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Lateral hypothalamus is required for context-induced reinstatement of extinguished reward seeking. AU - Marchant, N. J.. AU - Hamlin, A.S.. AU - McNally, G. P.. N1 - Imported on 12 Apr 2017 - DigiTool details were: month (773h) = Feb 2009; Journal title (773t) = Journal of Neuroscience. ISSNs: 0270-6474; PY - 2009/2. Y1 - 2009/2. N2 - We studied the role of lateral hypothalamus (LH) in context-induced reinstatement (renewal) of reward seeking. Rats were trained to respond for 4% (v/v) alcoholic beer or 10% (w/v) sucrose reward in one context (Context A) before extinction training in a second context (Context B). On test, rats were returned to the training context, A (ABA), or the extinction context, B (ABB). Return to the training context (ABA) produced robust reinstatement. Reversible inactivation of LH via baclofen/muscimol infusion prevented context-induced reinstatement of beer and sucrose seeking. This prevention was specific to bilateral infusions into LH. We then used the ...
Background 5-HT1B receptor agonists enhance cocaine intake during daily self-administration sessions but decrease cocaine intake when tested after prolonged abstinence. We examined if 5-HT1B receptor agonists produce similar abstinence-dependent effects on methamphetamine intake. Methods Male rats were trained to self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) on low (fixed ratio 5 and variable ratio 5) and high (progressive ratio) effort schedules of reinforcement until intake was stable. Rats were then tested for the effects of the selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist, CP 94,253 (5.6 or 10 mg/kg), or the less selective but clinically available 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, zolmitriptan (10 mg/kg), on methamphetamine self-administration .... ...
Background 5-HT1B receptor agonists enhance cocaine intake during daily self-administration sessions but decrease cocaine intake when tested after prolonged abstinence. We examined if 5-HT1B receptor agonists produce similar abstinence-dependent effects on methamphetamine intake. Methods Male rats were trained to self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) on low (fixed ratio 5 and variable ratio 5) and high (progressive ratio) effort schedules of reinforcement until intake was stable. Rats were then tested for the effects of the selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist, CP 94,253 (5.6 or 10 mg/kg), or the less selective but clinically available 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, zolmitriptan (10 mg/kg), on methamphetamine self-administration .... ...
Rationale: D1 dopamine receptor antagonists and agonists attenuate cocaine reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior (i.e., responding in the absence of cocaine reinforcement). Objectives: The present
Self-injection Device Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2018 - 2026. Self-injection Device Market - OverviewThis report by Transparency Market Research analyses the global self-injection devices market for the period between 2018 and 2026. An in-depth and unbiased market assessment has been made, which offer
All heroin doses maintained self-administration on fixed ratio-5 and progressive ratio/break-points at levels significantly greater than saline. Samidorphan and naltrexone had similar profiles on fixed ratio-5 with one samidorphan dose serving as a positive reinforcer and one naltrexone dose showing a strong trend (p=0.053) for positive reinforcement. The numbers of injections of every samidorphan and naltrexone dose were significantly lower than all heroin doses. The numbers of self-administered samidorphan and naltrexone injections/session on fixed ratio-5 were not significantly different from one another. The mean inter-injection intervals for heroin were significantly shorter than for saline, whereas those of samidorphan and naltrexone were not. Progressive ratio break-points for samidorphan and naltrexone were not different from saline except for the highest dose of samidorphan. In addition, the progressive ratio break-points for samidorphan were not significantly different from those of ...
Because peptides are most often labile in the GI tract they are usually administered by injection. The principal fragment of interest, D-Leu-OB-3, has been shown to induce significant weight loss upon i.p injection, nasal administration and oral administration. A non-invasive format is preferred in terms of patient compliance, convenience, ease of self administration, and avoidance of needle stick injuries for patients or care givers. While intranasal administration of protein and peptide drugs has shown some limited success with small peptides such as desmopressin and calcitonin, Aegis Intravail® absorption enhancement agents provide unmatched bioavailabilities - bioavailabilities comparable to injection for small as well as much larger proteins. Our studies have shown that OB-3 peptide formulated with Intravail® excipients induces significant weight loss upon nasal administration with bioavailability comparable to injection approaching or exceeding 100% compared to s.c. injection. Intravail ...
http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/drug-delivery-technologies-market-1085.html. Drug delivery technologies alter the release of drug so as to facilitate optimum efficacy and safety.Such technologies simplify the dosing regimen and reduce side-effects, thus boosting patient compliance. The global drug delivery market is divided into nine segments, namely, oral, pulmonary, transdermal, injectable, ocular, nasal, topical, implantable,andtransmucosal. Drug delivery technologies have grown phenomenally from plain drug reformulation and release technologies to innovative platforms that hold a huge potential for the effective delivery of biologicals and novel drugs.. The major drivers of this market are patent expiries of certain blockbuster drugs, growing demand for self administration and home healthcare devices, rising incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer, growing focus on pediatric and geriatric patients, and advancing technology.However, ...
If you are seriously impaired your helpers may need to give you glucose gel by rubbing it inside your cheek. Tell them not to put it beyond your teeth in case they get bitten.. If you are unconscious it is important that nothing is administered by mouth in case you choke. Glucagon administration is now necessary. Are all your helpers trained how to use this?. If there is no clear improvement in ten minutes with glucagon they must dial 999 / 911 and get you to hospital. After glucagon administration you can feel very sick indeed. Metoclopramide tablets or injection may be necessary. Your doctor may prescribe this for self administration at these times and if you vomit.. You will also need to build up your glycogen stores by eating your normal diet for 24 hours and meticulously avoiding low blood sugars during this time. You will need to do more frequent testing eg every 2.5 hours instead of the usual pattern and you would correct for lows but not highs.. Children dont have much glycogen to ...
If you are seriously impaired your helpers may need to give you glucose gel by rubbing it inside your cheek. Tell them not to put it beyond your teeth in case they get bitten.. If you are unconscious it is important that nothing is administered by mouth in case you choke. Glucagon administration is now necessary. Are all your helpers trained how to use this?. If there is no clear improvement in ten minutes with glucagon they must dial 999 / 911 and get you to hospital. After glucagon administration you can feel very sick indeed. Metoclopramide tablets or injection may be necessary. Your doctor may prescribe this for self administration at these times and if you vomit.. You will also need to build up your glycogen stores by eating your normal diet for 24 hours and meticulously avoiding low blood sugars during this time. You will need to do more frequent testing eg every 2.5 hours instead of the usual pattern and you would correct for lows but not highs.. Children dont have much glycogen to ...
Dear Editor,. Colitis occurs with exposure to various chemicals, including alcohol, radiocontrast agents, glutaraldehyde, formalin, ergotamine, hydrogen peroxide and drugs (1). Frequency of colitis induced by drugs is often under estimated. Antibiotics, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), hydroxycarbamide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and aspirin are usually incriminated (2-4). We report the case of severe diarrhea and hematochezia after self administration of an indomethacin suppository to a young woman.. Case report. A 30-year-old female presented to the gastroenterology department with rectal pain, diarrhea and rectal bleeding. Her past medical history revealed migraine for 1 year. She had self administered indomethacin suppository 200 mg/day with the hope to improve headache for 3 months. The patient developed severe rectal pain and bloody diarrhea. At admission, physical examination revealed mild abdominal tenderness at lower quadrant and digital rectal examination was painful. ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of The discriminative stimulus effects of morphine in pigeons responding under a progressive ratio schedule of food presentation. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
The influence of an external static field applied in the direction of propagation of a high intensity driving laser pulse on the electron trapping in laser wakefield acceleration is explored. It is shown that, in the case of self-injection, the electric charge accelerated can be enhanced in some physical situations.
Differentially expressed geens in the central amygdala (CeA) of male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g prior to surgery, 325-375 g at start of self-administration) on day 2 following methamphetamine withdrawal. Gene Expression was evaluated via RNA-seq. Data taken from Supplementary Table S2. Values presented are adjusted p-values. Data available from GEO with accession number GSE111243 ...
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Characterization and inhibition of a cholecystokinin-inactivating serine peptidase. Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behavior by a partial dopamine D(sub3) receptor agonist
Although these results demonstrate the presence of the α7nACh-NMDA protein complex in rat hippocampal tissue, they do not show whether the α7nACh-NMDAR complex was formed through a direct interaction or indirectly via the involvement of an accessory binding protein. Using in vitro binding assays, we provide evidence that the α7nAChR and NR2A subunits interact directly. As shown in Fig. 2 B (top), an in vitro translated [35S]α7IL2 probe hybridized with GST-NR2ACT but not GST-NR1aCT or GST alone, indicating that a direct protein-protein interaction can occur between the α7nAChR and the NR2A subunit, whereas the association between α7nAChR and NR1a subunits occurred most likely via an interaction between the NR1a and the NR2A subunits. Similarly, the [35S]NR2A probe hybridized with GST-α7IL2 but not GST-α4IL2 or GST alone (Fig. 2 B, bottom), confirming the specificity of the direct protein-protein interaction between α7nACh and NR2A subunit of NMDAR.. To confirm these results and to ...
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Contributor Cindy H. Dubin explores how the movement of home care and self- administration is pushing the development of this growing sector in drug delivery.
A powerful drug used in hospitals to prevent deadly irregular heartbeats during heart attacks may benefit potential victims if they are prepared to administer it to themselves, Dutch researchers
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Parenteral administration is via a peripheral or central vein. In pharmacology, the route of drug administration is important ... Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. This contrasts with parenteral ... Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines (i.e., the gastrointestinal tract). ... Rectal administration is not subject to extensive first pass metabolism. Enteric (disambiguation) Feeding tube "Enteral ...
For non-malicious administration, the user must install or enable server software on the host system in order to be viewed. ... Remote administration is therefore less practical if the host uses a dial-up modem, which is not constantly online and often ... Remote administration software has recently started to appear on wireless devices such as the BlackBerry, Pocket PC, and Palm ... Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows 7 enables IT administrators to manage roles and features that are installed on ...
... , popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose ... Nasal administration can therefore be used as an alternative to oral administration, by crushing or grinding tablets or ... It can be a form of either topical administration or systemic administration, as the drugs thus locally delivered can go on to ... the variability in the amount absorbed after nasal administration should be comparable to that after oral administration. The ...
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... uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rectal administration. Enema Rectal discharge Routes of administration Suppository The ... Finally, rectal administration can allow patients to remain in the home setting when the oral route is compromised. Unlike ... Rectal administration of medication may be performed with any of the following: A suppository, a solid drug delivery system ...
... , literally "under the lip", from Latin, refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which ... Sublabial administration should not be confused with sublingual administration, which is under the tongue. The frenulum of the ... Routes of administration, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs). ...
Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug, or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the vitreous ... in 2020 which may lead to a person identifying the wrong eye for self-administration include length of time since last ... This recommendation stemmed from new evidence showing that routine intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF therapies may ... Another complication of intravitreal medication administration is inflammation. Intraocular inflammation is one of the main ...
The D.B.A. is a terminal degree in business administration, and is equivalent to the Ph.D. in Business Administration. The PhD ... Business administration (also known as business management) is the administration of a commercial enterprise. It includes all ... The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration with a significant focus ... The Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA, B.B.A., BSBA, B.S.B.A., BS, B.S., or B.Sc.) or Bachelor of Commerce (Bcom. or ...
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While programs in arts administration draw on many elements of related administration fields, such as business administration, ... At some institutions arts administration may be a concentration within the school's Master of Business Administration (MBA) ... These programs usually blend curriculum elements from existing administration programs such as public administration, business ... offering a Master of Arts in Arts Administration from the Meadows School of the Arts and a Master of Business Administration ...
Sublabial administration Sublingual administration Route of administration Pharmacology Sattar, M; Sayed, OM; Lane, ME (Aug ... Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area (in the ... Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral ... Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance ...
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Simon Fraser University respectfully acknowledges the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw (Squamish), səl̓ilw̓ətaʔɬ (Tsleil-Waututh), q̓íc̓əy̓ (Katzie), kʷikʷəƛ̓əm (Kwikwetlem), Qayqayt, Kwantlen, Semiahmoo and Tsawwassen peoples on whose unceded traditional territories our three campuses reside.. Terms & Conditions© Simon Fraser
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. 200 Constitution Ave NW. Washington, DC 20210. 800-321-6742 (OSHA). TTY www.OSHA.gov. ...
When I started in systems administration back in the mid 90s everything was done either remoted in from your desktop, a server ... Thus an article on System Administration utilities for Androids was born.. As with most of my posts theres a disclaimer ... How about you? What Android utilities have you used and recommend for System Administration? ... I use the applications I will be talking about in this article quite a bit in my system Administration duties on a really small ...
Drug Enforcement Administration; Drug Enforcement Administration; 美國緝毒局; Drug Enforcement Administration; המנהל לאכיפת הסמים; 美 ... Drug Enforcement Administration; Drug Enforcement Administration; Drug Enforcement Administration; DEA; 美国缉毒局; Управление по ... Drug Enforcement Administration; Drug Enforcement Administration; Drug Enforcement Administration; Управа за сузбијање дроге; ... nowiki,Administración para el Control de Drogas; Drug Enforcement Administration; Drug Enforcement Administration; Pentadbiran ...
UTMB is transitioning to a paid time off program for all benefits-eligible faculty and staff. The new myPTO program will provide the flexibility and privacy needed for a healthier work-life balance. Employees will have more control over how they use their earned time off - whether it is for vacation, an illness, a field trip with a child or any other personal reason. The program replaces the existing state-sponsored vacation and sick leave plans and is expected to launch March 28, 2022. For myPTO information, please visit: myPTO Program website. ...
  • President Biden sought a clean break with Trump administration policies from day one of his administration last year and the results furnish a stark contrast. (powerlineblog.com)
  • Not so with the imposition of the lunatic left agenda in the Biden administration. (powerlineblog.com)
  • President-elect Joe Biden is eyeing a bipartisan list of 30 members of Congress who are known for working across the aisle for key administration posts, The Post has learned. (nypost.com)
  • But since Biden created his supply chain task force in June, administration officials have been grasping for any levers they can reach to ease bottlenecks. (cnn.com)
  • The Biden administration noted that the use of anti-personnel land mines will continue on the Korean Peninsula because of the "unique circumstances" there and the United States' commitment to defend South Korea against North Korea. (politico.com)
  • The Biden Administration submitted its first National Drug Control Strategy to Congress, as the drug crisis continues to soar. (newsone.com)
  • The US decision to leave Afghanistan under both the Trump and Biden administrations was the driving factor behind the swift collapse of the Afghan military as the Taliban swept across the country with stunning speed last summer, according to a scathing new inspector general report released Wednesday. (cnn.com)
  • The interim report from the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction called the US decision to withdraw - conceived by the Trump administration in 2020 and implemented by the Biden administration in 2021 - the "single most important factor" behind the collapse of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces. (cnn.com)
  • AUSTIN, Texas (AP) - Twenty states with GOP attorneys general on Tuesday sued the Biden administration over a major change in immigration policy that would turn away more migrants but still allow 360,000 people to legally enter each year from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela. (whec.com)
  • The lawsuit, which was filed in a federal court in Texas, accuses the Biden administration of "arbitrarily" creating recent changes and overstepping its authority. (whec.com)
  • In the second lawsuit of its kind filed against the Trump administration, legal advocacy groups representing 12 plaintiffs are seeking class action status on behalf of hundreds of asylum seekers being held in detention centers in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee. (voanews.com)
  • Michael Senger read Deborah Birx's memoir Silent Invasion: The Untold Story of the Trump Administration, Covid-19, and Preventing the Next Pandemic Before It's Too Late so that we don't have to. (powerlineblog.com)
  • First, William Barr was an outstanding Attorney General of the United States in the Trump administration. (powerlineblog.com)
  • A pro-oil president known as a trade protectionist, the Trump administration has spent the week rolling out a series of measures centered around one theme: energy dominance. (upi.com)
  • Elsewhere, though the Trump administration has moved largely in favor of oil and gas, the American Wind Energy Association seized on the extension of the "all-of-the-above" slogan of former President Barack Obama by saying renewables have a role to play in energy self-reliance. (upi.com)
  • The Trump administration wouldn't list 25 different species as endangered Wednesday, saying at this time, extra protections aren't needed. (scrippsnews.com)
  • The organization's endangered species director said , 'You couldn't ask for a clearer sign that the Trump administration puts corporate profits ahead of protecting endangered species. (scrippsnews.com)
  • After further review, the Trump administration said stressors like climate change might affect individual walruses but not enough to threaten the overall population level. (scrippsnews.com)
  • The Trump administration is threatening to cut funding for a Middle East studies program run by the University of North Carolina and Duke University, arguing that it's misusing a federal grant to advance "ideological priorities" and unfairly promote "the positive aspects of Islam" but not Christianity or Judaism. (johnlocke.org)
  • The Doha agreement, signed between the Trump administration and the Taliban in February 2020, shattered the fragile morale of the Afghan military, according to the SIGAR report. (cnn.com)
  • Eleven states and the District of Columbia are suing the Trump administration, alleging it violated the Administrative Procedures Act when it promulgated the rule expanding association health plans. (ajmc.com)
  • The administration has struggled to clamp down on crossings, reluctant to take hardline measures that would resemble those of the Trump administration. (whec.com)
  • It was one small episode in an economic initiative that, while drawing relatively little public attention, has taken on increasing urgency for President Joe Biden's administration. (cnn.com)
  • President Joe Biden's administration on Friday urged a judge to block a near-total ban on abortion imposed by Texas - the strictest such law in the nation - in a key moment in the ferocious legal fight over abortion access in the United States. (mercurynews.com)
  • You will have access to a wide variety of resources and materials found through Liberty University's Jerry Falwell Library search portal while you pursue your master's in public administration degree. (liberty.edu)
  • In January 2020, then-President Donald Trump reversed an Obama administration commitment to curb the use of land mines worldwide, excluding the Korean Peninsula. (politico.com)
  • It happens that the Bush administration in early 2007 faced a situation in Iraq similar in some important ways to the one that now confronts Obama in Afghanistan. (powerlineblog.com)
  • In 2011, the Obama administration said it deserved to be listed as endangered or as threatened. (scrippsnews.com)
  • But at the time, other species were deemed a higher priority, and the Obama administration put the Pacific walrus on the candidate list instead. (scrippsnews.com)
  • Interim recommendations for vaccine administration errors and deviations are summarized in the table below. (cdc.gov)
  • Savannah-cvs] administration/content/gnu-content/register req. (gnu.org)
  • Medscape, LLC encourages Authors to identify investigational products or off-label uses of products regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration, at first mention and where appropriate in the content. (medscape.com)
  • President Donald Trump, who has made immigration a centerpiece of his administration, has said migrants are abusing the asylum system by making fraudulent claims to stay in the country for months or years as their cases work their way through a backlogged immigration court system. (voanews.com)
  • On June 19, the Supreme Court reversed a federal appeals court ruling that former high-level Bush administration officials may be sued for their roles in the post-9/11 profiling and abuse of Muslim, Arab and South Asian men. (democracynow.org)
  • In some ways, it's like a reversed Muslim ban that we're seeing now, so rather than fighting to keep people out of the country, here we're fighting to keep people that have done nothing wrong in the country and to prohibit administration officials from just rounding them up. (democracynow.org)
  • Part I sets out four strategic principles that tax administrations may wish to consider when setting their strategy for tax debt management. (oecd.org)
  • Throughout our MPA degree, you will study the principles and development of public administration as it relates to executive-level management and leadership. (liberty.edu)
  • Ministry of Tinkhundla Administration and Development will be the leader in taking the country to First World Status by the year 2022, through effective, efficient service delivery as well as people driven socio-economic development and good governance. (gov.sz)
  • Administration support for overdose prevention centers and more robust recognition and enforcement of anti-discrimination protections for people who use drugs are other clear areas for improvement. (newsone.com)
  • An online master's in law enforcement administration provides the training needed for effective leadership. (intelligent.com)
  • Individuals with a master's in law enforcement administration find themselves employed in many different fields, including homeland security, cyber intelligence, victim and offender advocacy, and more. (intelligent.com)
  • Liberty's master's degree in public administration (MPA) is a professional degree for those who wish to serve in the public sector as managers, executives, and policy analysts in all areas of local, state, and federal government. (liberty.edu)
  • By providing a master's degree in public administration 100% online, we hope to give you the flexibility you need to continue working in your field, supporting your family, and ministering to your community. (liberty.edu)
  • What Will You Learn in Our Public Administration Master's Degree? (liberty.edu)
  • Our online master's degree in public administration courses will address public policy analysis, management styles for public organizations, and strategies for economic development. (liberty.edu)
  • Preventing home medication administration errors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Timely Medication Administration Guidelines for Nurses: Fewer Wrong-Time Errors? (medscape.com)
  • The exception could well be medication administration, an area of practice that seems to have the most broadly adhered-to rules. (medscape.com)
  • The backbone of medication administration is the "5 Rs" -- right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time. (medscape.com)
  • The "5 rights" of medication administration have traditionally formed the basis for defining a medication error. (medscape.com)
  • In keeping with Temple's commitment to access and affordability, this Doctor of Business Administration offers a competitive level of tuition with multiple opportunities for financial support. (temple.edu)
  • The size and growth of unpaid tax debt is a key concern for many tax administrations. (oecd.org)
  • But rising concern among businesses and voters alike leave the administration little choice but to make the effort - however modest the impact. (cnn.com)
  • Subsequent application for admission to the Master of Public Administration program, admission requirements for the program must also be met. (unf.edu)
  • However students admitted to the Public Administration Fast Track undergraduate minor who achieve grades of B or better in all MPA classes taken as an undergraduate can expect to be admitted to the MPA, so long as other admission requirements for the program are also met. (unf.edu)
  • Students in the UNF undergraduate Political Science Major, as well as other UNF majors, may apply for admission to the undergraduate Public Administration Fast Track minor. (unf.edu)
  • TLC's Finance and Administration Department is comprised of the Finance and Operations, Human Resources, and Administrative Services teams. (nyc.gov)
  • Then click on the offered auto-fill option for "Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)", and check boxes for the Type or Set-Aside Code for the opportunities that you are interested in, such as Competitive 8(a), Women Owned Small Business (WOSB), Economically Disadvantaged WOSB, etc. (dot.gov)
  • This, DeYoung helpfully adds, is a reference to the Bush administration in which, she says, questions "were discouraged and quickly discounted. (powerlineblog.com)
  • Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a protocol for installing, monitoring, and troubleshooting Ethernet metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and Ethernet WANs. (cisco.com)
  • The Office Administration curriculum prepares individuals for employment as administrative office personnel who use skills in the areas of office management, office finance, legal office, virtual office, customer service, and office software. (southwesterncc.edu)
  • This report provides further insights into the elements of a successful tax debt management strategy, supplemented by examples of recent initiatives by tax administrations. (oecd.org)
  • In addition, it includes a maturity model that allows tax administrations to self-assess their maturity in tax debt management. (oecd.org)
  • Læs mere om, hvordan du betjener en ekstern Mac, der administreres med MDM (Mobile Device Management). (apple.com)
  • Hvis du vil betjene en ekstern Mac, der administreres med MDM (Mobile Device Management), skal du bruge kommandoen Enable Remote Desktop (Slå Remote Desktop til). (apple.com)
  • Advance your career through online courses that teach best practices in leadership and management applicable to the public administration sector. (liberty.edu)
  • The subcommittee is first and foremost bound by the rules that govern federal advisory committees under this act and the subsequent regulations on administrative guidelines and management controls developed and implemented by the General Services Administration (GSA) Committee Management Secretariat on December 2, 1987 (41 CFR Part 101-6). (cdc.gov)
  • This qualitative study evaluated the acquisition of administration and management (A&M) competencies during graduation in a Brazilian dental school. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)​ in Temple's Fox School of Business is designed to provide executive-level professionals with the applied research theories and tools necessary to keep up with the evolutionary nature of industry, and continue to advance in their companies and respective fields. (temple.edu)
  • Those who choose to pursue a Doctor of Business Administration are driven by a desire to ignite real change in their companies or fields through data-driven decision-making. (temple.edu)
  • Learn more about the Business Administration DBA program. (temple.edu)
  • represent an overall wealth of knowledge and experience in executive-level business administration. (temple.edu)
  • The Doctor of Business Administration differs from the Business Administration PhD program in several key ways. (temple.edu)
  • Master of Business Administration (M.B.A. (astate.edu)
  • This paper describes a social training experience by business administration undergraduates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hospital administration / American College of Hospital Administrators. (bvs.br)
  • Incorrect site (e.g., a site other than triceps or thigh area for subcutaneous administration or a site other than the volar aspect of forearm, upper back below the scapula, or the deltoid for intradermal administrations). (cdc.gov)
  • The Administration is expanding its Climate Data Initiative to include more than 150 health-relevant datasets, challenging innovators to use them to better inform scientists and communities about how to identify, minimize and prevent the health impacts of climate change. (cdc.gov)
  • The Administration is announcing a coalition of Deans from 30 medical, public health, and nursing schools around the country, who are committing to ensure that the next generation of health professionals is trained to address the health impacts of climate change. (cdc.gov)
  • Incorrect route resulting in lower-than-authorized dose administered (e.g., inadvertent subcutaneous administration of 0.1 mL when intradermal route was intended). (cdc.gov)
  • A lower-than-authorized dose administered subcutaneously (e.g., inadvertent subcutaneous administration of 0.1mL, recipient pulled away, or leakage out of syringe). (cdc.gov)
  • Single-dose mass drug administration of azithromycin interfere with transmission by exoerythrocytic inhibition of (AZT) is underway to eliminate trachoma worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • 8. Monitor dose administration carefully as total dose is weight-based (0.9 mg/kg or a maximum of 90 mg), so not all the liquid in the vial will be administered. (medscape.com)
  • AZT mg/kg) 7 days apart reduced malaria rates by half when mass drug administration caused a transient, 1-month anti- measured at 1 time point in children 5-14 years of age ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The duration of preoperative antibiotics administration was 27.7±2.1 days (median 28 days). (bvsalud.org)
  • We concentrated on finding the best graduate-level programs in law enforcement administration and related fields for this list. (intelligent.com)
  • Interviewers closely followed the administration guidelines of the MoCA. (cdc.gov)
  • Kommandoen Enable Remote Desktop (Slå Remote Desktop til) slår ekstern administration til for alle brugere med indstillingerne "Observer" og "Kontrollér" aktiveret. (apple.com)
  • For more information, see Administration: Enable and disable Canonical URLs service . (progress.com)
  • Stud- parasite liver stages in humans and mice ( 3 ) and by inter- ies in Ethiopia showed a reduction in all-cause childhood ference with ookinete and sporozoite production in mos- deaths after administration. (cdc.gov)
  • See order of priority of family member distributees who can file the Administration proceeding When There Is No Will . (nycourts.gov)
  • Effective program administration is necessary to coordinate activities, review the program and initiate action to improve the program . (ready.gov)
  • The Public Administration Fast Track undergraduate minor does not guarantee admission to the MPA program. (unf.edu)
  • Information obtained during test administration that may be related to cognitive performance (e.g., speech, hearing and visual difficulties) or to the testing environment were coded and included in the data set. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 5% of audio-recorded interviews were independently reviewed over the course of the data collection cycle to evaluate consistency in administration of instructions, to determine accuracy in scoring, and to examine differences in scoring by interviewers. (cdc.gov)
  • Central administration support units, including the Office of Sponsored Programs and Grants,Gifts, and Investment Accounting & Compliance , partner to assess and respond to the needs of the research community and to develop and offer opportunities for research administration training and professional development. (nyu.edu)
  • As a public administration professional , you will be required to analyze situations and create solutions for the challenges society deals with. (liberty.edu)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Cabenuva , an injectable formulation of cabotegravir (Vocabria) and rilpivirine (Edurant), for adults living with HIV-1 infection. (medscape.com)
  • The Institute for Public Administration, Politics and Public Policy seeks to add understanding and value to local, regional, state and international communities through relevant programs and research that provides analysis, recommendation and public service education. (stmarytx.edu)
  • Certificate programs will be developed in various areas after consultation with the advisory board and university administration. (stmarytx.edu)
  • Employees with complaints should file their notices to the Deputy Chancellor, Chancellor's Office, Whitmore Administration Building, University of Massachusetts Amherst. (umass.edu)
  • Earning your online public administration degree from a nonprofit university with this kind of recognition can help set you apart from others in your field. (liberty.edu)
  • M.A. in Public Policy - Liberty's Master of Arts in Public Policy will prepare you for an exciting career in many fields, including public administration, government, and politics. (liberty.edu)
  • Thus an article on System Administration utilities for Androids was born. (linuxjournal.com)
  • I use the applications I will be talking about in this article quite a bit in my system Administration duties on a really small screen. (linuxjournal.com)
  • Facing this challenge, tax administrations need to seek even more innovative, co-ordinated, cost-effective and strategic ways to both prevent debt from arising and deal with the collection of tax arrears. (oecd.org)