AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SeawaterGillsWater MicrobiologyOstreidaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SFresh WaterMarine BiologyDNA, RibosomalPhylogenySalinityVibrioOceans and SeasAcclimatizationGammaproteobacteriaBase CompositionRhodobacteraceaeFundulidaeBivalviaFlavobacteriaceaeAnthozoaAnguillaPacific OceanCalcium CarbonateDNA, BacterialEelsWater-Electrolyte BalanceAlphaproteobacteriaSodium ChlorideSalmo salarSequence Analysis, DNAAquacultureFish DiseasesHeterotrophic ProcessesAntarctic RegionsTilapiaMediterranean SeaPlanktonFatty AcidsShellfishBacterial Typing TechniquesGenes, rRNAMolecular Sequence DataGeologic SedimentsBacteriaWater Pollution, ChemicalWater PollutionTemperatureDinoflagellidaCrassostreaVibrio parahaemolyticusFishesAerobiosisPigments, BiologicalKoreaEcosystemDecapodiformesCoral ReefsAlteromonadaceaePetroleumVibrio InfectionsBiofoulingBaysHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBrachyuraFish ProteinsEukaryotaWater Pollutants, ChemicalCarbonatesWater Pollutants, RadioactiveVibrio vulnificusFlounderQuinonesTenacibaculumPoriferaSvalbardSewageBacteroidetesPseudoalteromonasMolluscaFiltrationMytilusPhytoplanktonSulfonium CompoundsVitamin K 2Geological PhenomenaColony Count, MicrobialSalmonBryozoaCalcification, PhysiologicKillifishesAquatic OrganismsCluster AnalysisSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseFlatfishesLarvaAmphipodaCytophagaSalt-ToleranceSpecies SpecificitySea UrchinsWater PollutantsProtozoan Infections, AnimalOceanographyCulture MediaTroutArctic RegionsPolychaetaChloridesRNA, BacterialHydrothermal VentsHepatopancreasAtlantic OceanLocomotionIndian OceanAdaptation, PhysiologicalAnimal ShellsRhodophytaRepublic of KoreaSpectrophotometry, AtomicSerratiaWater MovementsArbaciaAlteromonasHydrocarbonsDiatoms
Seawater: The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.Gills: Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Ostreidae: A family of marine mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, commonly known as oysters. They have a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Fresh Water: Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.Marine Biology: The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.DNA, Ribosomal: DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Salinity: Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.Vibrio: A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.Oceans and Seas: A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).Acclimatization: Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.Gammaproteobacteria: A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.Base Composition: The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.Rhodobacteraceae: A family in the order Rhodobacterales, class ALPHAPROTEOBACTERIA.Fundulidae: Family of small, surface-dwelling fish that inhabit fresh and brackish waters, and coastal marine areas.Bivalvia: A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.Flavobacteriaceae: A family of bacteria in the order Sphingobacteriales, class Sphingobacteria. They are gram-negative rods, mostly saprophytic in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.Anthozoa: A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.AnguillaPacific OceanCalcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Eels: Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.Water-Electrolyte Balance: The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.Alphaproteobacteria: A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.Sodium Chloride: A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.Salmo salar: A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Aquaculture: Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Fish Diseases: Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).Heterotrophic Processes: The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.Antarctic Regions: The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)Tilapia: A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae (CICHLIDS) inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.Mediterranean SeaPlankton: Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.Fatty Acids: Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Shellfish: Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.Bacterial Typing Techniques: Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.Genes, rRNA: Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Geologic Sediments: A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Water Pollution, Chemical: Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Dinoflagellida: Flagellate EUKARYOTES, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterized by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. Dinoflagellida were formerly members of the class Phytomastigophorea under the old five kingdom paradigm.Crassostrea: A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA.Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis.Fishes: A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.Aerobiosis: Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.Pigments, Biological: Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.Korea: Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.Ecosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Decapodiformes: A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.Coral Reefs: Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.Alteromonadaceae: A family of marine, gram-negative PROTEOBACTERIA including the genera ALTEROMONAS; Colwellia; Idiomarina; MARINOBACTER; MORITELLA; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS; and SHEWANELLA.Petroleum: Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.Vibrio Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus VIBRIO.Biofouling: Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made surfaces.Bays: An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Brachyura: An infraorder of chiefly marine, largely carnivorous CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA, including the genera Cancer, Uca, and Callinectes.Fish Proteins: Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).Eukaryota: One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Water Pollutants, Radioactive: Pollutants, present in water or bodies of water, which exhibit radioactivity.Vibrio vulnificus: A species of halophilic bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which lives in warm SEAWATER. It can cause infections in those who eat raw contaminated seafood or have open wounds exposed to seawater.Flounder: Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.Quinones: Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.Tenacibaculum: A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE. Tenacibaculum adheres to surfaces of marine organisms and is pathogenic to fish.Porifera: The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.SvalbardSewage: Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.Bacteroidetes: A phylum of bacteria comprised of three classes: Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria.Pseudoalteromonas: A genus of GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA of marine origin. Many species were formerly classified under ALTEROMONAS.Mollusca: A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.Filtration: A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Mytilus: A genus of marine mussels in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. The species MYTILUS EDULIS is the highly edible common mussel.Phytoplankton: Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.Sulfonium Compounds: Sulfur compounds in which the sulfur atom is attached to three organic radicals and an electronegative element or radical.Vitamin K 2: A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.Geological Phenomena: The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Salmon: Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, frequenting the coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and Pacific. They are known for their gameness as a sport fish and for the quality of their flesh as a table fish. (Webster, 3d ed).Bryozoa: A phylum of small sessile aquatic animals living as small tufted colonies. Some appear like hydroids or corals, but their internal structure is more advanced. Most bryozoans are matlike, forming thin encrustations on rocks, shells, or kelp. (Storer & Stebbins, General Zoology, 6th ed, p443)Calcification, Physiologic: Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.Killifishes: Small oviparous fishes in the family Cyprinodontidae, usually striped or barred black. They are much used in mosquito control.Aquatic Organisms: Organisms that live in water.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase: An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.Flatfishes: Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.Larva: Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.Amphipoda: An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.Cytophaga: A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in SOIL; HUMUS; and FRESHWATER and marine habitats.Salt-Tolerance: The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Sea Urchins: Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Protozoan Infections, Animal: Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.Oceanography: The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Trout: Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.Arctic Regions: The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)Polychaeta: A class of marine annelids including sandworms, tube worms, clamworms, and fire worms. It includes also the genus Myxicola infundibulum.Chlorides: Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.RNA, Bacterial: Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Hydrothermal Vents: Hot springs on the ocean floor. They are commonly found near volcanically active places such as mid-oceanic ridges.Hepatopancreas: A primitive form of digestive gland found in marine ARTHROPODS, that contains cells similar to those found in the mammalian liver (HEPATOCYTES), and the PANCREAS.Atlantic OceanLocomotion: Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.Indian Ocean: A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.Animal Shells: The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.Rhodophyta: Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).Republic of Korea: The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.Spectrophotometry, Atomic: Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.Serratia: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the natural environment (soil, water, and plant surfaces) or as an opportunistic human pathogen.Water Movements: The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.Arbacia: A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Arbaciidae. They have only one spheridium (stalked body) per ambulacral area (contains tube feet); most sea urchins have several spheridia per area.Alteromonas: A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Members of this genus are found in coastal waters and the open ocean. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)HydrocarbonsDiatoms: The common name for the phylum of microscopic unicellular STRAMENOPILES. Most are aquatic, being found in fresh, brackish, and salt water. Diatoms are noted for the symmetry and sculpturing of their siliceous cell walls. They account for 40% of PHYTOPLANKTON, but not all diatoms are planktonic.

Marine vibrios associated with superficial septic lesions. (1/4531)

Three cases are reported in which a marine vibrio, Vibrio alginolyticus, was isolated from superficial septic lesions. All cases had been exposed to sea-water. The possible significane of these findings and the need for further investigations are discussed.  (+info)

Growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus and its possible use as a microbiological agent for red tide control. (2/4531)

The growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus clone 01 (HaV01) were examined by performing a one-step growth experiment. The virus had a latent period of 30 to 33 h and a burst size of 7.7 x 10(2) lysis-causing units in an infected cell. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the virus particles formed on the peripheries of viroplasms, as observed in a natural H. akashiwo cell. Inoculation of HaV01 into a mixed algal culture containing four phytoplankton species, H. akashiwo H93616, Chattonella antiqua (a member of the family Raphidophyceae), Heterocapsa triquetra (a member of the family Dinophyceae), and Ditylum brightwellii (a member of the family Bacillariophyceae), resulted in selective growth inhibition of H. akashiwo. Inoculation of HaV01 and H. akashiwo H93616 into a natural seawater sample produced similar results. However, a natural H. akashiwo red tide sample did not exhibit any conspicuous sensitivity to HaV01, presumably because of the great diversity of the host species with respect to virus infection. The growth characteristics of the lytic virus infecting the noxious harmful algal bloom-causing alga were considered, and the possibility of using this virus as a microbiological agent against H. akashiwo red tides is discussed.  (+info)

Effects of salinity and temperature on long-term survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E). (3/4531)

Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E) is a primary eel pathogen. In this study, we performed long-term survival experiments to investigate whether the aquatic ecosystem can be a reservoir for this bacterium. We have used microcosms containing water of different salinities (ranging from 0.3 to 3.8%) maintained at three temperatures (12, 25, and 30 degrees C). Temperature and salinity significantly affected long-term survival: (i) the optimal salinity for survival was 1.5%; (ii) lower salinities reduced survival, although they were nonlethal; and (ii) the optimal temperature for survival was dependent on the salinity (25 degrees C for microcosms at 0.3 and 0.5% and 12 degrees C for microcosms at 1.5 to 3.8%). In the absence of salts, culturability dropped to zero in a few days, without evidence of cellular lysis. Under optimal conditions of salinity and temperature, the bacterium was able to survive in the free-living form for at least 3 years. The presence of a capsule on the bacterial cell seemed to confer an advantage, since the long-term survival rate of opaque variants was significantly higher than that of translucent ones. Long-term-starved cells maintained their infectivity for eels (as determined by both intraperitoneal and immersion challenges) and mice. Examination under the microscope showed that (i) the capsule was maintained, (ii) the cell size decreased, (iii) the rod shape changed to coccuslike along the time of starvation, and (iv) membrane vesicles and extracellular material were occasionally produced. In conclusion, V. vulnificus biotype 2 follows a survival strategy similar to that of biotype 1 of this species in response to starvation conditions in water. Moreover, the aquatic ecosystem is one of its reservoirs.  (+info)

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from aquatic habitats in Taiwan. (4/4531)

The existence of strains of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E that are avirulent for eels is reported in this work. These isolates were recovered from water and oysters and differed from eel virulent strains in (i) fermentation and utilization of mannitol, (ii) ribotyping after HindIII digestion, and (iii) susceptibility to eel serum. Lipopolysaccharide of these strains lacked the highest molecular weight immunoreactive bands, which are probably involved in serum resistance.  (+info)

Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. (5/4531)

The minute photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorococcus, which was discovered about 10 years ago, has proven exceptional from several standpoints. Its tiny size (0.5 to 0.7 microm in diameter) makes it the smallest known photosynthetic organism. Its ubiquity within the 40 degrees S to 40 degrees N latitudinal band of oceans and its occurrence at high density from the surface down to depths of 200 m make it presumably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. Prochlorococcus typically divides once a day in the subsurface layer of oligotrophic areas, where it dominates the photosynthetic biomass. It also possesses a remarkable pigment complement which includes divinyl derivatives of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b, the so-called Chl a2 and Chl b2, and, in some strains, small amounts of a new type of phycoerythrin. Phylogenetically, Prochlorococcus has also proven fascinating. Recent studies suggest that it evolved from an ancestral cyanobacterium by reducing its cell and genome sizes and by recruiting a protein originally synthesized under conditions of iron depletion to build a reduced antenna system as a replacement for large phycobilisomes. Environmental constraints clearly played a predominant role in Prochlorococcus evolution. Its tiny size is an advantage for its adaptation to nutrient-deprived environments. Furthermore, genetically distinct ecotypes, with different antenna systems and ecophysiological characteristics, are present at depth and in surface waters. This vertical species variation has allowed Prochlorococcus to adapt to the natural light gradient occurring in the upper layer of oceans. The present review critically assesses the basic knowledge acquired about Prochlorococcus both in the ocean and in the laboratory.  (+info)

Different prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected by ELISA in Alaskan chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha spawned from freshwater and seawater. (6/4531)

Soluble antigen of Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) was detected by a polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at significantly higher prevalences in adult chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that matured in freshwater than in the same cohort of fish spawned after maturation in seawater. The cumulative results were consistent during 4 yr of comparison at the Little Port Walter Hatchery on Baranof Island, Alaska, USA. Possible causes for this difference are discussed. Maturation of chinook salmon broodstock in seawater has become a practical strategy at this hatchery to reduce the prevalence of Rs-positive parent fish and the numbers of culled eggs.  (+info)

Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. (7/4531)

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.  (+info)

Combined microautoradiography-16S rRNA probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell types in situ. (8/4531)

We propose a novel method for studying the function of specific microbial groups in situ. Since natural microbial communities are dynamic both in composition and in activities, we argue that the microbial "black box" should not be regarded as homogeneous. Our technique breaks down this black box with group-specific fluorescent 16S rRNA probes and simultaneously determines 3H-substrate uptake by each of the subgroups present via microautoradiography (MAR). Total direct counting, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and MAR are combined on a single slide to determine (i) the percentages of different subgroups in a community, (ii) the percentage of total cells in a community that take up a radioactively labeled substance, and (iii) the distribution of uptake within each subgroup. The method was verified with pure cultures. In addition, in situ uptake by members of the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (alpha-Proteobacteria) and of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group obtained off the California coast and labeled with fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for these subgroups showed that not only do these organisms account for a large portion of the picoplankton community in the sample examined ( approximately 60% of the universal probe-labeled cells and approximately 50% of the total direct counts), but they also are significant in the uptake of dissolved amino acids in situ. Nearly 90% of the total cells and 80% of the cells belonging to the alpha-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium groups were detectable as active organisms in amino acid uptake tests. We suggest a name for our triple-labeling technique, substrate-tracking autoradiographic fluorescent in situ hybridization (STARFISH), which should aid in the "dissection" of microbial communities by type and function.  (+info)

Artificial Seawater Media Facilitate Cultivating Members of the Microbial Majority from the Gulf of Mexico | mSphereArtificial Seawater Media Facilitate Cultivating Members of the Microbial Majority from the Gulf of Mexico | mSphere
High-throughput cultivation studies have been successful at bringing numerous important marine bacterioplankton lineages into culture, yet these frequently utilize natural seawater media that can hamper portability, reproducibility, and downstream characterization efforts. Here we report the results of seven experiments with a set of newly developed artificial seawater media and evaluation of cultivation success via comparison with community sequencing data from the inocula. Eighty-two new isolates represent highly important marine clades, including SAR116, OM60/NOR5, SAR92, Roseobacter, and SAR11. For many, isolation with an artificial seawater medium is unprecedented, and several organisms are also the first of their type from the Gulf of Mexico. Community analysis revealed that many isolates were among the 20 most abundant organisms in their source inoculum. This method will expand the accessibility of bacterioplankton cultivation experiments and improve repeatability by avoiding normal ...
Impact of seawater acidification on pH at the tissue-skeleton interface and calcification in reef corals | PNASImpact of seawater acidification on pH at the tissue-skeleton interface and calcification in reef corals | PNAS
Insight into the response of reef corals and other major marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is limited by a lack of knowledge about how seawater pH and carbonate chemistry impact the physiological processes that drive biomineralization. Ocean acidification is proposed to reduce calcification rates in corals by causing declines in internal pH at the calcifying tissue-skeleton interface where biomineralization takes place. Here, we performed an in vivo study on how partial-pressure CO2-driven seawater acidification impacts intracellular pH in coral calcifying cells and extracellular pH in the fluid at the tissue-skeleton interface [subcalicoblastic medium (SCM)] in the coral Stylophora pistillata. We also measured calcification in corals grown under the same conditions of seawater acidification by measuring lateral growth of colonies and growth of aragonite crystals under the calcifying tissue. Our findings confirm that seawater acidification decreases pH of the SCM, but this decrease is ...
Patent US5351651 - Artificial sea-water - Google PatentsPatent US5351651 - Artificial sea-water - Google Patents
An improved composition for preparing artificial sea-water comprises an electrolyte mixture which, upon being dissolved in a proper amount of water, forms an aqueous solution which simulates natural sea-water in composition except that it contains one or more boron compounds within a concentration range from 0.002 to 0.05 w/v % calculated as boron. The pH stability of an artificial sea-water is improved by adding one or more boron compounds thereto.
Effect of ocean acidification on the speciation of metals in seawater<...Effect of ocean acidification on the speciation of metals in seawater<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of ocean acidification on the speciation of metals in seawater. AU - Millero, Frank J.. AU - Woosley, Ryan. AU - Ditrolio, Benjamin. AU - Waters, Jason. PY - 2009/12. Y1 - 2009/12. N2 - Increasing atmospheric CO 2 over the next 200 years will cause the pH of ocean waters to decrease further. Many recent studies have examined the effect of decreasing pH on calcifying organisms in ocean waters and on other biological processes (photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, elemental ratios, and community structure). In this review, we examine how pH will change the organic and inorganic speciation of metals in surface ocean waters, and the effect that it will have on the interactions of metals with marine organisms. We consider both kinetic and equilibrium processes. The decrease in concentration of OH - and CO 3 2- ions can affect the solubility, adsorption, toxicity, and rates of redox processes of metals in seawater. Future studies are needed to examine how pH affects the ...
Dataset: Seawater chemistry measurements for Porites macrobioerosion experiments collected from reefs from across the Pacific...Dataset: Seawater chemistry measurements for Porites macrobioerosion experiments collected from reefs from across the Pacific...
Samples for seawater chemistry were collected in Niskin and borosilicate bottles and analyzed for total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and nutrients following standard procedures as indicated in the supplemental information.. Seawater samples from Palauan reefs were collected during daylight hours in September 2011 and March 2012. Samples from Rose Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Atoll, and Jarvis Island were collected during NOAA Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) cruises during daylight hours of March/April of 2006, 2008 2010, 2012, and a September 2012 cruise to Jarvis Island. Panama Ī© and nitrate are taken from Manzello et al. (2008) and DCroz and ODea (2007), respectively. Parentheses indicate climatological values from World Ocean Atlas and the Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP).. Aragonite saturation state was determined from TA and DIC of seawater preserved with HgCl2 following methods and calculations described in Shamberger et al. (2014). The ...
Dataset: Microbial enzyme activities: polysaccharide hydrolase activities of gravity filtered seawater samples from the RV...Dataset: Microbial enzyme activities: polysaccharide hydrolase activities of gravity filtered seawater samples from the RV...
Water was collected via Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette, equipped with a CTD.. Experiments on (operationally defined) particles were carried out by gravity-filtering water through 3 um pore size filters. 1/12th sections of the 3 um pore-size filters were submerged in 15 mL artificial seawater; enzyme activities were measured as described below.. The potential of the seawater microbial community associated with large particles (, 3 micrometer pore size filter) to hydrolyze six high-molecular-weight polysaccharides (arabinogalactan, chondroitin sulfate, fucoidan, laminarin, pullulan, and xylan) was investigated in surface and bottom water. For each substrate, three 15 mL falcon tubes were filled with autoclaved artificial seawater and one 15 mL falcon tube was filled with autoclaved seawater and a blank filter piece to serve as a killed control. Substrate was added at 3.5 uM monomer-equivalent concentrations, except for fucoidan, which was added at 5 uM concentrations (a higher concentration ...
Physico-Chemical Controls on Seawater<...Physico-Chemical Controls on Seawater<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Physico-Chemical Controls on Seawater. AU - Millero, F. J.. PY - 2013/11/1. Y1 - 2013/11/1. N2 - The physical-chemical controls on seawater can be attributed to the effect that the composition of the major components have on the thermodynamics and kinetics of processes in the oceans. In this chapter, an earlier review on the experimental and modeling work that has been done on how the major components of seawater control rates and equilibria of processes in the oceans has been updated. The effect of major components on the physical-chemical properties of seawater, the carbonate system in the oceans and the effect of ocean acidification on speciation of metals in seawater has been emphasized.. AB - The physical-chemical controls on seawater can be attributed to the effect that the composition of the major components have on the thermodynamics and kinetics of processes in the oceans. In this chapter, an earlier review on the experimental and modeling work that has been done on how ...
7-7.5mm 3A grade 18K Pure Yellow Gold Real Natural Seawater Japanese Akoya Pearl Pendant Necklace, View akoya pearl necklace,...7-7.5mm 3A grade 18K Pure Yellow Gold Real Natural Seawater Japanese Akoya Pearl Pendant Necklace, View akoya pearl necklace,...
7-7.5mm 3A grade 18K Pure Yellow Gold Real Natural Seawater Japanese Akoya Pearl Pendant Necklace, US $ 28.5 - 29 / Piece, NECKLACES, Third Party Appraisal, Strand.Source from Zhuji Integrity Pearl Co., Ltd. on Alibaba.com.
Drixine Pure Sea Baby Natural Seawater 20ml - ClicksDrixine Pure Sea Baby Natural Seawater 20ml - Clicks
Drixine PureSea Baby Nasal Spray 75ml is made from natural seawater and restores easy breathing. It helps to clear nasal congestion and wash away allergens, vir
The Cell: An Image Library - Image CIL:25776The Cell: An Image Library - Image CIL:25776
To label cellular outlines, embryos were incubated for 15 min in 5 Ī¼M BODIPY564/570 coupled to propionic acid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in natural seawater, then rinsed twice in natural seawater and mounted in a 1:1 mixture of natural seawater and 7.5% MgCl2 to prevent muscular contractions. Time-lapse recordings were performed with a PerkinElmer (Wellesley, MA) Ultraview RS System (spinning disk confocal). Embryos were kept during recordings (12 frames per hour) at a constant temperature of 25C or 26C in natural seawater between slide and coverslip separated by two layers of adhesive tape and silicone paste. The chamber was sealed with mineral oil (Sigma, St. Louis, MO).. ...
The Cell: An Image Library - Image CIL:25777The Cell: An Image Library - Image CIL:25777
To label cellular outlines, embryos were incubated for 15 min in 5 Ī¼M BODIPY564/570 coupled to propionic acid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in natural seawater, then rinsed twice in natural seawater and mounted in a 1:1 mixture of natural seawater and 7.5% MgCl2 to prevent muscular contractions. Time-lapse recordings were performed with a PerkinElmer (Wellesley, MA) Ultraview RS System (spinning disk confocal). Embryos were kept during recordings (12 frames per hour) at a constant temperature of 25C or 26C in natural seawater between slide and coverslip separated by two layers of adhesive tape and silicone paste. The chamber was sealed with mineral oil (Sigma, St. Louis, MO).. ...
Marine microbial community dynamics and their ecological interpretationMarine microbial community dynamics and their ecological interpretation
Recent advances in studying the dynamics of marine microbial communities have shown that the composition of these communities follows predictable patterns and involves complex network interactions, which shed light on the underlying processes regulating these globally important organisms. Such holi ā€¦
Ocean Water Ocean Waves Print Ocean Water Print CoastalOcean Water Ocean Waves Print Ocean Water Print Coastal
Ocean Water, Ocean Waves Print, Ocean Water Print, Coastal Wall Decor, Beach Art, Printable Poster, Digital Print, Digital Download, Water __________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Nova Wall Art Shop offers a collection of
Ancient seawater may yield climate change insights | Binghamton University Research NewsAncient seawater may yield climate change insights | Binghamton University Research News
Binghamton graduate student Mebrahtu Weldeghebriel is a man of many firsts: He is the Universitys first student from Eritrea, and he is presenting the first interpretation of what changed the chemistry of ancient seawater by analyzing minor and trace elements.. Scientists initially thought the chemical composition of seawater was constant. In the late 20th century, however, indirect evidence revealed that seawater chemistry has changed systematically at particular time periods during the past 550 million years. Knowing how the oceans and climate changed previously gives scientists insights into how it might change in the future.. Weldeghebriel aims to understand what caused these changes. He believes they could be a result of variations in the rate of seafloor spreading and fluctuations in hydrothermal vents, which release ions that react with the existing seawater.. To substantiate this idea, Weldeghebriel and his advisor, Tim Lowenstein, analyze marine halite, a mineral that traps and ...
Polar Oceans: The Arctic and Southern Oceans - Windows to the UniversePolar Oceans: The Arctic and Southern Oceans - Windows to the Universe
There are two oceans in Earth s polar regions: the Arctic Ocean, which occupies most of the north polar region, and the Southern Ocean, which surrounds the continent of Antarctica in the south polar region. Oceans in the polar regions are a bit different from the other oceans on Earth (the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean). There is often sea ice at the surface of polar oceans, especially during the winter months. Both the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean are homes to unique marine ecosystems that thrive in the cold conditions. Seawater from polar regions can be denser than seawater from other regions. This is because seawater in the polar oceans is often colder than other seawater. It can also become more saline than normal in the winter when sea ice freezes at the ocean surface. The salty part of the water does not freeze, making the remaining seawater saltier. Because it is denser, this seawater sinks to the bottom of the ocean. It travels in slow currents around the bottom of the world ...
The geologic history of seawater pH | Ocean acidificationThe geologic history of seawater pH | Ocean acidification
Although pH is a fundamental property of Earths oceans, critical to our understanding of seawater biogeochemistry, its long-timescale geologic history is poorly constrained. We constrain seawater pH through time by accounting for the cycles of the major components of seawater. We infer an increase from early Archean pH values between ~6.5 and 7.0 and Phanerozoicā€¦
100% NATURAL SEAWATER100% NATURAL SEAWATER
All products in the MARIMER sprays range are made using quality seawater rich in dietary-minerals such as copper, zinc and manganese, known for their therapeutic properties in treatment of respiratory infections. This pure seawater is taken from the bay of Mont Saint Michel in Saint-Malo, France, reputed for its high tides of more than 15 metres which, due to violent currents, provide high-levels of water oxygenation and an abundance of minerals ...
ESD - A model study of warming-induced phosphorus-oxygen feedbacks in open-ocean oxygen minimum zones on millennial timescalesESD - A model study of warming-induced phosphorus-oxygen feedbacks in open-ocean oxygen minimum zones on millennial timescales
Abstract. Observations indicate an expansion of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) over the past 50 years, likely related to ongoing deoxygenation caused by reduced oxygen solubility, changes in stratification and circulation, and a potential acceleration of organic matter turnover in a warming climate. The overall area of ocean sediments that are in direct contact with low-oxygen bottom waters also increases with expanding OMZs. This leads to a release of phosphorus from ocean sediments. If anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions continue unabated, higher temperatures will cause enhanced weathering on land, which, in turn, will increase the phosphorus and alkalinity fluxes into the ocean and therefore raise the oceans phosphorus inventory even further. A higher availability of phosphorus enhances biological production, remineralisation and oxygen consumption, and might therefore lead to further expansions of OMZs, representing a positive feedback. A negative feedback arises from the enhanced ...
Scientists developing sustainable seawater batteries - PACEScientists developing sustainable seawater batteries - PACE
Korean university UNIST will be working with public organisations in the energy sector to develop a new type of eco-friendly battery that can store and produce electricity using seawater. The project is expected to accelerate the commercialisation of eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and high-stability seawater batteries.. The projects consortium includes Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), Korea East-West Power Company Ltd. (EWP), and the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST).. Seawater batteries use sodium, the sixth-most abundant element on earth, to generate electricity. This makes this system an attractive supplement to existing battery technologies. Furthermore, this new type of battery is much cheaper and more environmentally friendly than lithium and will, therefore, offer a low-cost route to large-scale energy storage. Moreover, the use of seawater can also considerably reduce fire risks, as it keeps the thermal fluid in good condition.. Seawater batteries ...
Seawater PumpsSeawater Pumps
ā€‹The life of a seawater pump is limited, even if maintenance activities such as replacement of sealing and impeller are performed regularly. The reason for this is corrosion, which is caused by the constant condensation of the pump even if the engine is at a standstill, as well as material removal due to erosions as a result of the high flow speed of the seawater inside the pump housing. Often small but steadily increasing leakages, usually at the bottom of the housing, are signs of a seawater pump's demise. At that point, you should think about a replacement. In order to assist skilled skippers in carrying out their own repairs without causing a total financial loss, we have now offered seawater pumps for the most common types of engines on the market since 2015. Dimensions, connection widths, flow rates and shaft diameters can be found in the table. There you will also find information on which pump is suitable for which manufacturer/motor type. We have seawater pumps (impeller pumps) from the
Seawater Electrochlorination on sales - Quality Seawater Electrochlorination supplierSeawater Electrochlorination on sales - Quality Seawater Electrochlorination supplier
Seawater Electrochlorination, You can buy good quality Seawater Electrochlorination , we are Seawater Electrochlorination distributor & Seawater Electrochlorination manufacturer from China market.
Scientists look at adapting to more acidic ocean water - KFSKScientists look at adapting to more acidic ocean water - KFSK
Researchers are looking for ways that crab and fish in Alaska may be able to adapt to more acidic ocean water.. With carbon dioxide levels rising on the planet, ocean water absorbs some of that CO2 and water becomes more acidic. That change is already impacting a variety of sea creatures.. Members of the Alaska Ocean Acidification Network gave an update to Alaskas Board of Fisheries and a public presentation on the topic in Anchorage in October. The network is a group of researchers, managers and stakeholders interested in the looming problem.. "Its not that there hasnt been variability in the amount of carbon dioxide. Its not that this hasnt happened before," said Robert Foy, director of NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center. "Its the speed at which it is happening during our lifetime and whether or not the animals and plants in the ocean are able to adapt fast enough given the speed at which its occurring.". Foy outlined recent research from a variety of sources on the impacts ...
Plus itPlus it
General. Aplysia californica (75-350 gm) were obtained from Alacrity Marine Biological Specimens (Redondo Beach, CA) and Marinus (Long Beach, CA) and were individually caged and kept in an aquarium containing artificial seawater (ASW) at āˆ¼15Ā°C with a 12 hr light/dark cycle. Animals were fed dried seaweed every other day. Three types of artificial seawater were used. Normal ASW contained (in mm): NaCl, 460; KCl, 10; CaCl2, 11; MgCl2, 30; MgSO4, 20; NaHCO3, 2.5; and HEPES, 10; pH 7.7. Low Ca2+/high Mg2+ ASW contained (in mm): NaCl, 400; KCl, 10; CaCl2, 1; MgCl2, 80; MgSO4, 20; NaHCO3, 2.5; and HEPES, 10; pH 7.7. High Ca2+/high Mg2+ ASW contained (in mm): NaCl, 386; KCl, 8; CaCl2, 13.8; MgCl2, 90; MgSO4, 20; NaHCO3, 2.5; and HEPES, 10; pH 7.7. During all procedures, except the initial dissection of the reduced tail preparation (see below), the preparations were maintained at āˆ¼15Ā°C. Tail sensory and motor neurons were identified based on their location, size, and electrical properties (Walters ...
Bight of Biafra | Article about Bight of Biafra by The Free DictionaryBight of Biafra | Article about Bight of Biafra by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Bight of Biafra? Find out information about Bight of Biafra. town, SE Nigeria, in the Niger River delta, on the Bight of Biafra. In the 18th and 19th cent., Bonny was the center of a powerful trading state, and in the... Explanation of Bight of Biafra
Nanofiltration as pretreatment for seawater desalination | DR-NTUNanofiltration as pretreatment for seawater desalination | DR-NTU
Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has always been one of the favourite desalination technologies worldwide due to its high efficiency and low operating cost. However, one of the inherent drawbacks of SWRO is its prone to membrane fouling because of the high total dissolved solids concentration in seawater. As such, pre-treatment units have become more vital since they can effectively filter the seawater before the feed reaches the main reverse osmosis (RO) unit. Among the pre-treatment units, nanofiltration (NF) membrane has attracted more attention recently because with its nanoscale pores, NF can reject the divalent ions and in turn, reduces the scaling potential in RO membrane. In this project, the objective was to investigate the performance of the novel low-pressure hollow fibre NF membranes from Singapore Membrane Technology Centre in actual seawater conditions. The membranes, namely NF Loose (NFL) and NF Tight (NFT), were fabricated by the layer-by-layer deposition process and were compared ...
Tropic Marin BIO-Calcium ACTIF, 64 oz. - AquaCave.comTropic Marin BIO-Calcium ACTIF, 64 oz. - AquaCave.com
Tropic Marin BIO-Calcium ACTIF, 64 oz. - At AquaCave, we offer Best Prices, 5% Back, and Free Shipping on Tropic Marin BIO-Calcium ACTIF, 64 oz.. - Buy Tropic Marin BIO-Calcium ACTIF, 64 oz. - Now Only $34.95 - Tropic Marin BIO-Calcium ACTIF, 64 oz. Biologically ideal calcium supply & pH optimization Increases calcium, alkalinity & pH for optimum coral growth without disturbing the ionic balance Contains all 70 trace elements in the concentrations found in natural seawater No unnatural by-products Stabilization of optimal pH level to promote coral growth Calcium, alkalinity, and pH work together in the water to reach calcite saturation, which is essential for optimum growth of corals and coralline algae. Our Tropic Marin Bio-Calcium Actif is a simple, efficient way to raise all three factors for optimal growth of corals and coralline algae while creating the ideal conditions for successful reef aquariums. Natural seawater has a calcium content of approximately 410 mg/l, an alkalinity of 6.5 dKH
DEEP SEAWATER & SURFACE SEAWATER PIPELINE SHORE CROSSINGS - Nova GroupDEEP SEAWATER & SURFACE SEAWATER PIPELINE SHORE CROSSINGS - Nova Group
The Keahole Point pipeline shore crossing project involved open water construction that included driving two sets of parallel 67ā€³ steel cased tunnels, from a 50 foot deep drive shaft located 15 feet from the Pacific Ocean. These tunnels were unique in that the shaft was located on the beach while two of the tunnels were at approximately 8% downward grade and the other two at a 1% upward grade. The shafts required extensive engineering to withstand both the jacking and uplift forces. A seven-foot thick concrete base was placed for the floor slab and an innovative sealant technique was implemented to minimize water seepage into the shaft.. Nova utilized a microtunneling system specifically designed for this contract. The cutterhead is hydraulically driven by a 170 HP motor yielding 195,000 ft-lbs of torque. Steel sheet piles were driven to allow deep excavations while retaining the soil excavation to a minimum at the microtunnel entry and exit pits. Two of the drives were approximately 420 feet ...
Inter Research Ā» Journals Ā» MEPS Ā» prepress abstractInter Research Ā» Journals Ā» MEPS Ā» prepress abstract
ABSTRACT: Understanding the vertical distribution and migratory behaviour of shelled holoplanktonic gastropods is essential in determining the environmental conditions that they are exposed to. This is increasingly important in understanding the effects of imminent ocean acidification and climate change. Here we investigate the vertical distribution of atlantid heteropods by collating data from publications and collections and using the oxygen isotope (Ī“18O) composition of single aragonitic shells. Data from publications and collections show two patterns of migration behaviour; small species that reside in shallow water at all times, and larger species that make diurnal migrations from the surface at night to deep waters during the daytime. The Ī“18O data show that all species analysed (n=16) calcify their shells close to the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum. This was within the upper 110 m of the ocean for 15 species, and down to 146 m for a single species. These findings confirm that many atlantid ...
Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater | Aquarists OnlineDissolved Oxygen In Seawater | Aquarists Online
Dont worry; were not going all scientific. Theres no need to anyway, the detail the marine aquarist needs to know is straightforward.. Oxygen is a very important dissolved gas in the seawater. The livestock need it to survive as we do - no oxygen, no life. If dissolved oxygen is in short supply then the aquarium livestock will be subject to stress, and if the oxygen level is continuously too low disease and maybe death will follow.. It isnt just the livestock that will suffer either, the bacteria in the bio-filter will too. These bacteria operate the nitrogen cycle when ammonia is converted to nitrite which in turn is converted to nitrate. The ammonia and nitrite are toxins and will kill at quite low levels, so the bacterias welfare is paramount. The bacteria that convert the toxins are oxygen hungry and rely on the amount available in the seawater.. In addition if there is a good supply of dissolved oxygen in the seawater the redox potential will be reasonably high meaning a clean ...
Seawater Intrusion in the Indus Delta and Associated Hazards - Pervaiz AsgharSeawater Intrusion in the Indus Delta and Associated Hazards - Pervaiz Asghar
The Indus Delta, which is 150 kms wide at its mouth and covers almost 85% of Sindhs coastal belt, is the most prominent ecological feature of the coast east of Karachi. It comprises of 17 major creeks and numerous minor creeks, all intermingling with mangrove forests in the creek pockets, as well as expansive mudflats.. Cash crops like rice and wheat used to be grown here in abundance and though the percentage of people deriving income from farming has dwindled to barely 20%, this source is coming under increasing strain from the twin scourges of water-logging and salinity, exacerbated by the influx of seawater.. This degradation has been precipitated, amongst other associated factors, by the gradual ingress of seawater, some 70 kms inland by some estimates, during the past 30 yrs. The reasons for this are threefold: drastically reduced waterflows downstrem of Kotri, dwindling mangrove cover and overall seawater rise due to global warming.. Although the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991 ...
Innisfree - Jeju Lava Seawater Lotion 160ml - Korendy GlobalInnisfree - Jeju Lava Seawater Lotion 160ml - Korendy Global
Innisfree - Jeju Lava Seawater Lotion 160ml Jeju lava-rich seawater to cultivate subungam lotion to the skin elastic skin moisture by activating the energy Rich moist lotion with Jeju lava seawater for revitalizing of skin moisture energy which makes your skin elastic. Special mineral is contained for anti-aging effect
Volunteers Collect January 2015 Seawater Sample in Tofino, BC | HomeVolunteers Collect January 2015 Seawater Sample in Tofino, BC | Home
Raincoast Education Society is our partner organization in Tofino who is working with citizen scientists to help us collect seawater to monitor for the arrival of Fukushima contamination along our coastline. The video below shows a volunteer wading into the surf at Cox Bay to collect seawater today for the project. Cox Bay Beach, Tofinoā€¦
LG Seawater RO Membrane - LG SW 400 R - TSGWaterLG Seawater RO Membrane - LG SW 400 R - TSGWater
LG Chems NanoH2Oā„¢ seawater RO membranes, incorporated with innovative Thin Film Nanocomposite (TFN) technology, reduce the cost of desalination while delivering superior water quality. Our seawater RO membranes provide industry leading salt rejection and produce 20% more flow than membranes manufactured with conventional technologies. We continue to leverage the technological advantages of our seawater RO membranes to expand our market share accruing more than 1,000 Million Liter per Day (MLD). Datasheet_LG_SW_400_R_ENG. 200120_Brochure_SW_ENG ...
Ocean Chemistry - Windows to the UniverseOcean Chemistry - Windows to the Universe
The oceans are full of water. Ocean water is not just pure water, though. Ocean water has many different chemicals in it, especially salt. The salt in sea water is a lot like the salt we sprinkle on food. Sea salt has other chemicals in it too. The main other chemicals in sea salt are magnesium, sulfate, calcium, and potassium.. Why is the ocean salty? When it rains on land, some of the water dissolves minerals in rocks. That water flows in rivers to the sea. It carries the minerals with it. When the water evaporates back out of the ocean, it leaves the minerals behind. The minerals make sea water salty. Some parts of the ocean have more salt than others. For example, melting glaciers dump lots of fresh water into the ocean. Places in the ocean near melting glaciers arent as salty as the rest of the ocean. Some gases are dissolved in sea water too. There is carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere dissolved in sea water. That is important because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Scientists ...
Scientists Connect Seawater Chemistry With Ancient Climate Change and Evolution -- Environmental ProtectionScientists Connect Seawater Chemistry With Ancient Climate Change and Evolution -- Environmental Protection
Scientists from the University of Toronto and the University of California Santa Cruz are shedding light on one potential cause of the cooling trend of the past 45 million years that has everything to do with the chemistry of the worlds oceans.
Scientists Connect Seawater Chemistry With Ancient Climate Change and Evolution -- Environmental ProtectionScientists Connect Seawater Chemistry With Ancient Climate Change and Evolution -- Environmental Protection
Scientists from the University of Toronto and the University of California Santa Cruz are shedding light on one potential cause of the cooling trend of the past 45 million years that has everything to do with the chemistry of the worlds oceans.
ASTM-D4130 | Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines | Document Center, Inc.ASTM-D4130 | Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines | Document Center, Inc.
ASTM-D4130 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines - brackish; brine; seawater; sulfate;; ICS Number Code 13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical substances)
Biodegradability in Seawater (OECD 306) | ChemexBiodegradability in Seawater (OECD 306) | Chemex
This method is appropriate for volatile materials and although good water solubility is desired, poorly soluble materials can be tested. The test vessels are closed filled bottles containing the test substance dissolved in the natural seawater. The bottles are incubated in the dark at 20Ā°C and the degradation is followed by analysis of the dissolved oxygen over a 28 day period.. ...
Found: The clearest ocean waters on Earth | New ScientistFound: The clearest ocean waters on Earth | New Scientist
The cleanest, most lifeless ocean waters on Earth are found in the Pacific - visibility extends over 100 metres deep in the unique area
marine aquarium seawater qualitymarine aquarium seawater quality
The marine aquarium, be it fish only or reef, needs quality seawater for health. Quality seawater is the number one on the list of requirements for success. This is more easily achieved nowadays. First of all, the aquarist will usually obtain sea salt, online or from the local dealer. This. Read more ā†’ ...
Mewes, K et al. (2014): Depth profiles of pore-water and solid-phase constituents, respiration rates and grain size...Mewes, K et al. (2014): Depth profiles of pore-water and solid-phase constituents, respiration rates and grain size...
Mewes, Konstantin; MogollĆ³n, JosĆ© M; Picard, Aude; RĆ¼hlemann, Carsten; Kuhn, Thomas; Nƶthen, Kerstin; Kasten, Sabine (2014): Depth profiles of pore-water and solid-phase constituents, respiration rates and grain size distribution in sediments of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.844005, Supplement to: Mewes, K et al. (2014): Impact of depositional and biogeochemical processes on small scale variations in nodule abundance in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 91, 125-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.06.001
Difference between revisions of Salinas Valley Seawater Intrusion - CCoWS WikiDifference between revisions of "Salinas Valley Seawater Intrusion" - CCoWS Wiki
The agricultural industry in the Salinas Valley is estimated to be worth $8.1 billion,ref,[http://www.miis.edu/about/newsroom/stories/node/41198 MIIS: Agriculture Contributes $8.1 Billion to Local Economy],/ref, and depends heavily on groundwater for almost all of its water needs,ref name=SVWP2008/,. Irrigation with high-salinity water damages crop yield, crop quality, and soil health for future use of the land for agriculture.,ref,[https://www.pvwater.org/ Pajaro Valley plan targets seawater intrusion],/ref, The municipalities that lie within the Salinas Valley watershed, such as [[Salinas]], [[Castroville]], [[Marina]], and unincorporated area residents rely on the aquifers for urban use. When water salinity rises too high, it becomes unpalatable for drinking water and poses significant health threats.,ref,[http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/drinksw.html NOAA: Can humans drink seawater?],/ref, In addition, the businesses and communities surrounding [[Lake Nacimiento]] rely on the lake for ...
Ducklow, HW (2003): Bacterial abundance, thymidine and leucine incorporation at station TT012 5-TM40Ducklow, HW (2003): Bacterial abundance, thymidine and leucine incorporation at station TT012 5-TM40
Ducklow, Hugh W (2003): Bacterial abundance, thymidine and leucine incorporation at station TT012_5-TM40. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.122447
Preconcentration of Cu (II) from seawater using a novel and stable phenol-formaldehyde resin on Environmental XPRTPreconcentration of Cu (II) from seawater using a novel and stable phenol-formaldehyde resin on Environmental XPRT
Article Preconcentration of Cu (II) from seawater using a novel and stable phenol-formaldehyde resin. Preconcentration of Cu (II) from seawater using a novel phenol-formaldehyde (P-F) resin was investigated. 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-4-azo-3-hydroxybenzen...
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Size and shape of steady seawater intrusion and sharp-interface wedge: The polubarinova-kochina analytical solution to the dam...Size and shape of steady seawater intrusion and sharp-interface wedge: The polubarinova-kochina analytical solution to the dam...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Size and shape of steady seawater intrusion and sharp-interface wedge. T2 - The polubarinova-kochina analytical solution to the dam problem revisited. AU - Kacimov, A. R.. AU - Obnosov, Y. V.. PY - 2016/8/1. Y1 - 2016/8/1. N2 - Rescaling of the geometrical sizes and the value of hydraulic conductivity in the classical problem of steady two-dimensional (2D) potential seepage through a rectangular earth dam with an empty tailwater is shown to result in a mathematically equivalent problem of seawater intrusion with a sharp interface into a confined horizontal aquifer, which discharges fresh groundwater to the sea through a vertical segment of the beach. The shape of the interface, the vertical and horizontal sizes of the static intrusion wedge, and its cross-sectional area are written in an explicit form, using the Polubarinova-Kochina formulas, rectified. The densities of the two liquids and the aquifers hydraulic conductivity and thickness, as well as the incident hydraulic ...
ResourSEAs - Circular use of seawaters natural resourcesResourSEAs - Circular use of seawater's natural resources
ResourSEAs has been set-up to implement the integrated seawater cycle, where seawater is used to extract freshwater, table salt, valuable minerals and energy. Currently, this kind of processes take place separately. By integrating them we eliminate the waste streams and minimise the use of natural resources during the production process, benefiting the environment and the economy ...
Artificial Sea Water Salts Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters, Dealers in IndiaArtificial Sea Water Salts Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters, Dealers in India
Get Details of Artificial Sea Water Salts Suppliers,Artificial Sea Water Salts Manufacturers,Artificial Sea Water Salts Exporters, Artificial Sea Water Salts Dealer, Artificial Sea Water Salts Producers, Artificial Sea Water Salts Traders, Artificial Sea Water Salts Wholesalers, Artificial Sea Water Salts Companies, in India
Photoelectrochemical hydrogen production with concentrated natural seawater produced by membrane process<...Photoelectrochemical hydrogen production with concentrated natural seawater produced by membrane process<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Photoelectrochemical hydrogen production with concentrated natural seawater produced by membrane process. AU - Oh, Seichang. AU - Nam, Wonsik. AU - Joo, Hyunku. AU - Sarp, Sarper. AU - Cho, Jaeweon. AU - Lee, Chang Ha. AU - Yoon, Jaekyung. PY - 2011/9. Y1 - 2011/9. N2 - Water shortages are anticipated to occur all over the world and are likely to have a significant effect on the availability of water for processes such as photocatalysis and electrolysis, as well as for drinking and industrial water. To overcome this problem, it has been suggested that seawater could be used as an alternative resource for the various water industries, such as hydrogen production, industrial and drinking water. Seawater contains a large amount of dissolved ion components, thus allowing it to be utilized as an electrolyte in photoelectrochemical system for producing hydrogen. Especially, the concentrated shows higher salinity (total dissolved solids, TDS) than the general seawater fed to the ...
Iron isotopes in seawater:method development and results from the Atlantic ocean - ePrints SotonIron isotopes in seawater:method development and results from the Atlantic ocean - ePrints Soton
The analysis of the iron (Fe) isotopic composition of seawater can provide unique information about Fe sources to seawater, and Fe cycling within the oceans, which are important for understanding global climate because of the links between the marine carbon and iron cycles. The low dissolved Fe (dFe) concentrations found in seawater mean that analyses of the iron isotopic composition of seawater is an analytical challenge. This thesis describes the development methods for accurate and precise analysis of Fe isotopes in seawater with concentrations as low as ~0.4 nM Fe, and the results of iron isotope analysis of seawater samples from within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and the dissolved phase of hydrothermal plumes in the Southern Ocean ...
Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on calcification and productivity in the coral genus Porites spp. - University of St...Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on calcification and productivity in the coral genus Porites spp. - University of St...
Understanding how rising seawater pCO2 and temperatures impact coral aragonite accretion is essential for predicting the future of reef ecosystems. Here we report 2 long term (10-11 month) studies assessing the effects of temperature (25 and 28Ā°C) and both high and low seawater pCO2 (180-750 Ī¼atm) on the calcification, photosynthesis and respiration of individual massive Porites spp. genotypes. Calcification rates were highly variable between genotypes but high seawater pCO2 reduced calcification significantly in 4 of 7 genotypes cultured at 25Ā°C but in only 1 of 4 genotypes cultured at 28Ā°C. Increasing seawater temperature enhanced calcification in almost all corals but the magnitude of this effect was seawater pCO2 dependent. The 3Ā°C temperature increase enhanced calcification rate on average by 3% at 180 Ī¼atm, by 35% at 260 Ī¼atm and by ,300% at 750 Ī¼atm. The rate increase at high seawater pCO2 exceeds that observed in inorganic aragonites. Responses of gross/net photosynthesis and ...
Photic zone - WikipediaPhotic zone - Wikipedia
Due to biological uptake, the photic zone has relatively low levels of nutrient concentrations. As a result, phytoplankton dont receive enough nutrients when there is high water-column stability.[5] The spatial distribution of organisms can be controlled by a number of factors. Physical factors include: temperature, hydrostatic pressure, turbulent mixing such as the upward turbulent flux of inorganic nitrogen across the nutricline.[6] Chemical factors include oxygen and trace elements. Biological factors include grazing and migrations.[7] Upwelling carries nutrients from the deep waters into the photic zone, strengthening phytoplankton growth. The remixing and upwelling eventually bring nutrient-rich wastes back into the photic zone. The Ekman transport additionally brings more nutrients to the photic zone. Nutrient pulse frequency affects the phytoplankton competition. Photosynthesis produces more of it. Being the first link in the food chain, what happens to phytoplankton creates a rippling ...
Seawater Pearl, Seawater Pearls, Sea Water Pearl - jyxpearlSeawater Pearl, Seawater Pearls, Sea Water Pearl - jyxpearl
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Osmoregulation and salinity tolerance in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica: seawater exposure confers enhanced tolerance...Osmoregulation and salinity tolerance in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica: seawater exposure confers enhanced tolerance...
Terrestrial larvae of B. antarctica tolerated extensive osmotic dehydration when challenged by hyperosmotic seawater. Nearly 50% of the larvae survived a 10-day exposure in āˆ¼1000 mOsm kg-1 seawater, during which the total body water content of the larvae was reduced byāˆ¼ 30% to ,1.80 g H2Og-1 DM. Survival declined rapidly during exposure to higher seawater concentrations; however, even in āˆ¼2000 mOsm kg-1 seawater āˆ¼25% of larvae survived a 6-day exposure. As the larvae are known to tolerate an extensive loss of body water, survival during exposure to hyperosmotic seawater is probably not solely dependent on tolerance to dehydration. During desiccation in air, larvae survive the loss of nearly 70% of their body water to ,1.0 g H2Og-1 DM (Benoit et al., 2007). Instead, during seawater exposure, an incurred salt load from the external medium probably contributed to the observed mortality. Inorganic ions, and especially Na+ and Cl-, are well known to disrupt cellular activity by binding to and ...
Determination of plutonium in seawater using co-precipitation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ultrasonic...Determination of plutonium in seawater using co-precipitation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ultrasonic...
A flow injection-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (FI-ICP-MS) procedure, utilising ultrasonic nebulisation with membrane desolvation (USN/MD), has been developed for the determination of plutonium (Pu) in seawater at fg lāˆ’1 concentration levels. Seawater samples (1 l), after filtration, were subjected to co-precipitation with NdF3, followed by ion exchange to enrich Pu and to reject seawater matrix ions and co-existing uranium. The seawater concentrate (1.0 ml) was then analysed by FI-ICP-MS. The limit of detection for in seawater based on an enrichment factor of 1000 was 5 fg lāˆ’1, and precision at the 0.80 pg lāˆ’1 level was 12% RSD. Accuracy was verified via recovery experiments, and by comparing survey data for the Irish Sea with that derived by standard methodology based on co-precipitation and Ī±-spectrometry. Concentrations for dissolved in the Irish Sea were in the range of 0.267-0.941 pg lāˆ’1 (0.614-2.164 mBq lāˆ’1) and 0.051-0.196 pg lāˆ’1 (0.428-1.646 mBq lāˆ’1), ...
Coral calcifying fluid pH is modulated by seawater carbonate chemistry not solely seawater pH. - ARC Centre of Excellence for...Coral calcifying fluid pH is modulated by seawater carbonate chemistry not solely seawater pH. - ARC Centre of Excellence for...
Comeau, S, TambuttĆ©, E, Carpenter, RC, Edmunds, PJ, Evensen, NR, Allemand, D, Ferrier-PagĆØs, C, TambuttĆ©, S and Venn, AA (2017). Coral calcifying fluid pH is modulated by seawater carbonate chemistry not solely seawater pH. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284(1847 ...
Spatiotemporal variation and potential risks of seven heavy metals in seawater, sediment, and seafood in Xiangshan Bay, China ...Spatiotemporal variation and potential risks of seven heavy metals in seawater, sediment, and seafood in Xiangshan Bay, China ...
The residues and risks of heavy metals in the environment and organisms have attracted great concern for many years. However, the information on their long-term spatiotemporal trends and potential health and ecological risks are scarce. In this study, a total of 1815 seawater samples, 451 sediment samples, and 54 seafood samples were collected in Xiangshan Bay, China, between 2011 and 2016. The residue, distribution, seasonal variation, and potential health risks of seven heavy metals in seawater, sediment, and seafood were evaluated. Dissolved Zn (mean = 16.8 Ī¼g Lāˆ’1) and Cu (mean = 3.4 Ī¼g Lāˆ’1) concentrations were high in seawater. Sediments were mainly contaminated by Zn (mean = 120.8 mg kgāˆ’1) and Cr (mean = 81.7 mg kgāˆ’1). The highest levels of Cu and Zn were observed in Ostreidae with the concentrations of 84.3 and 99.0 mg kgāˆ’1, respectively. The Kendall test indicated that only As, Cu, Cd, and Hg showed decreasing trends in seawater with time and no significant temporal trends ...
Spatial and temporal variability of bacterioplankton communities across river to ocean environmental gradients | Center for...Spatial and temporal variability of bacterioplankton communities across river to ocean environmental gradients | Center for...
Bacterioplankton communities are deeply diverse within and across environments, yet also display repeatable patterns over seasonal and annual time scales. We assessed patterns of bacterioplankton community variability across the Columbia River coastal margin over space and time. Coastal zones encompass a complex spectrum of environmental gradients, which impact the composition of bacterioplankton communities. Few studies have attempted to address these gradients comprehensively, especially across large spatial and long temporal scales. We generated a synoptic, 16S rRNA gene-based bacterioplankton community profile of a coastal zone from water samples collected from the Columbia River, estuary, plume, and along coastal transects covering 360 km of the Oregon and Washington coasts and extending to the deep ocean (,2000 m). Over 600 water samples were collected across four consecutive years and eleven research cruises. Spatially, bacterioplankton communities separated into seven environments across ...
Onboard experiment investigating metal leaching of fresh hydrothermal sulfide cores into seawater | Geochemical Transactions |...Onboard experiment investigating metal leaching of fresh hydrothermal sulfide cores into seawater | Geochemical Transactions |...
We observed the initial release rate of metals from four fresh (i.e., without long time exposure to the atmosphere) hydrothermal sulfide cores into artificial seawater. The sulfide samples were collected by seafloor drilling from the Okinawa Trough by D/V Chikyu, powdered under inert gas, and immediately subjected to onboard metal-leaching experiments at different temperatures (5 Ā°C and 20 Ā°C), and under different redox conditions (oxic and anoxic), for 1-30 h. Zinc and Pb were preferentially released from sulfide samples containing various metals (i.e., Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) into seawater. Under oxic experimental conditions, Zn and Pb dissolution rates from two sulfide samples composed mainly of iron disulfide minerals (pyrite and marcasite) were higher than those from two other sulfide samples with abundant sphalerite, galena, and/or silicate minerals. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the high metal-releasing sample contained several galvanic couples of iron disulfide with other
Potential distribution of <i>Spartinal alterniflora</i> in China coastal areas based on...Potential distribution of <i>Spartinal alterniflora</i> in China coastal areas based on...
Abstract Maxent niche model was used to project the potential distribution of alien plant species Spartina alterniflora in China, with 96 S. alterniflora records and marine and climatic data along China coastal area. The results showed that suitable area for the distribution of S. alterniflora occupied 85% of coastal areas, with the highly suitable area, the medium, and low suitable area accounting for 18%, 34% and 33%, respectively. Only 15% of the coastal areas were regions with distribution possibility of less than 5%. Its distribution suitability was mainly related to annual lowest seawater temperature, annual mean seawater temperature, annual mean air temperature, and annual lowest temperature in January. However, the importance of annual mean precipitation, annual mean daily diurnal range, seawater salinity, annual highest seawater temperature, annual highest tempe-rature in June and current velocity was relatively small. At the highly suitable areas for S. alterni-flora, the annual lowest ...
Use of Nitrogen Purge in Flare and Vent Systems DANISH OPERATORSUse of Nitrogen Purge in Flare and Vent Systems DANISH OPERATORS
DANISH OPERATORS Offshore Oil and Gas Operators in Denmark Use of Nitrogen Purge in Flare and Vent Systems 7 September 2009 Esplanaden 50 6 1263 Copenhagen K 6 Denmark Telephone: +45 3363 4097 6 E-mail: [email protected] 1. Title of Initiative Use of Nitrogen Purge in Flare and Vent Systems. 2. Description of Initiative The offshore installations flare and atmospheric vent headers are required to be purged in order to prevent oxygen ingress to the flare and atmospheric vent systems. This is required in order to avoid the formation of explosive mixtures in the headers, which could lead to explosions if ignited. Fuel gas or nitrogen can be used as purge gas. The purge gas is injected at different locations in the systems in order to maintain a positive pressure in the flare headers thus preventing air ingress. Cold vents (atmospheric vent headers) are used to vent hydrocarbon gas from low pressure sources where insufficient pressure is available to allow the gas to be flared. Under normal ...
RECOVERY OF URANIUM FROM SEAWATER .14. SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE RECOVERY OF URANIUM FROM SEAWATER BY SPHERICAL AMIDOXIME...RECOVERY OF URANIUM FROM SEAWATER .14. SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE RECOVERY OF URANIUM FROM SEAWATER BY SPHERICAL AMIDOXIME...
In order to evaluate performs of lightly cross-linked highly porous amidoxime resins in uranium-adsorption systems utilizing natural seawater motions, uranium uptake by the resins from seawater was studied by different approaches, such as simulated sea current exposure tests, towing trials, and/or mooring trials. In general, the efficiency of uranium uptake became higher with a decrease in the thickness of packing layers, indicating important roles of fluidization of the resin particles. On the basis of these fundamental data, mooring tests in the natural sea current were designed and conducted. By mooring flat adsorption beds (base area 260 cm2, height 3.0 cm) packed with 780 mL of the resin for 40 h, promising uranium uptake as high as 44 mg/kg of resin (9.9 mg/L of resin) was achieved under sea conditions in which the velocity of sea currents and the vertical velocity of waves were 5.5-49.7 cm/s and 3.4-27 cm/s, respectively. ...
OTRIVIN Adult Seawater & Eucalyptus Nasal Spray 20mL - Best Buy PharmacyOTRIVIN Adult Seawater & Eucalyptus Nasal Spray 20mL - Best Buy Pharmacy
The natural alternative to the Otrivin medicated range. It contains a seawater formulation that provides a nasal decongestant effect. Otrivin Natural Seawater & Eucalyptus contains, hypertonic seawater with eucalyptus essential oil and extract of wild mint. The solution also retains the richness of all the importan
Water | Free Full-Text | Exposure of Mediterranean Countries to Ocean Acidification | HTMLWater | Free Full-Text | Exposure of Mediterranean Countries to Ocean Acidification | HTML
This study examines the potential effects of ocean acidification on countries and fisheries of the Mediterranean Sea. The implications for seafood security and supply are evaluated by examining the sensitivity of the Mediterranean to ocean acidification at chemical, biological, and macro-economic levels. The limited information available on impacts of ocean acidification on harvested (industrial, recreational, and artisanal fishing) and cultured species (aquaculture) prevents any biological impact assessment. However, it appears that non-developed nations around the Mediterranean, particularly those for which fisheries are increasing, yet rely heavily on artisanal fleets, are most greatly exposed to socioeconomic consequences from ocean acidification.
Pararhodobacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean | Microbiology SocietyPararhodobacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean | Microbiology Society
A taxonomic study was carried out on strain CIC4N-9T, which was isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0-9% and at temperatures of 4-41 Ā°C. The isolate was able to degrade gelatin but not aesculin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CIC4N-9T belonged to the genus Pararhodobacter , with the highest sequence similarity to the only recognized species, Pararhodobacter aggregans D1-19T (96.9 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CIC4N-9T and P. aggregans D1-19T were 80.4 and 23.0 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 Ļ‰7c and/or C18 : 1 Ļ‰6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 1Ļ‰7c 11-methyl, C18 : 0 and C17 : 0. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 66.8 mol%. The sole respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10. Phosphatidylcholine,
Particle size distribution and estimated carbon flux across the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone | ichthyop.orgParticle size distribution and estimated carbon flux across the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone | ichthyop.org
The goal of the Arabian Sea section of the TARA oceans expedition was to study large particulate matter (LPM , 100 Ī¼m) distributions and possible impact of associated midwater biological processes on vertical carbon export through the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of this region. We propose that observed spatial patterns in LPM distribution resulted from the timing and location of surface phytoplankton bloom, lateral transport, microbial processes in the core of the OMZ, and enhanced biological processes mediated by bacteria and zooplankton at the lower oxycline. Indeed, satellite-derived net primary production maps showed that the northern stations of the transect were under the influence of a previous major bloom event while the most southern stations were in a more oligotrophic situation. Lagrangian simulations of particle transport showed that deep particles of the northern stations could originate from the surface bloom while the southern stations could be considered as driven by 1-D vertical ...
Experimental Study on Seawater Applications in Organic Reactions | Bentham ScienceExperimental Study on Seawater Applications in Organic Reactions | Bentham Science
Title:Experimental Study on Seawater Applications in Organic Reactions. VOLUME: 13 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):Gang Liu, Mingxiang Qiu, Lin Sun, Quanwu Wen, Shengguang Xu, Xuyuan Wang and Peng Wang. Affiliation:School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P.R. China.. Keywords:3-amino-2-chloro-4-methyl pyridine, anthranilic acid, hofmann degradation, quinazolin-4-one, seawater.. Abstract:Background: Total water resources account for only 2.5% of freshwater on earth, and only 1% of total water resources can be exploited by humans. The development of practical methods of seawater desalination and comprehensive utilization technology can help address the shortage of freshwater resources in the world, and achieve sustainable use of water resources to ensure sustainable development in a society. Direct seawater utilization currently involves industrial cooling water, water for agricultural irrigation, and flushing water. Applications in aqueous phase organic reactions, ...
Datasets - NOAA Data CatalogDatasets - NOAA Data Catalog
Formats: XML Tags: OCEAN , PACIFIC OCEAN , NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN , GULF SSS OCEAN , PACIFIC OCEAN , WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN , EA OCEAN , PACIFIC OCEAN , NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN , PACIFIC OCEAN , WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN , SO oceanography OCEAN , PACIFIC OCEAN , CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN , HA Ocean Carbon Data System (OCADS) Project OCEAN , PACIFIC OCEAN , NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN , SEA Filter Results ...
Understanding cold bias: variable response of skeletal Sr/Ca to seawater pCO2 in acclimated massive Porites corals - University...Understanding cold bias: variable response of skeletal Sr/Ca to seawater pCO2 in acclimated massive Porites corals - University...
Coral skeletal Sr/Ca is a palaeothermometer commonly used to produce high resolution seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) records and to investigate the amplitude and frequency of ENSO and interdecadal climate events. The proxy relationship is typically calibrated by matching seasonal SST and skeletal Sr/Ca maxima and minima in modern corals. Applying these calibrations to fossil corals assumes that the temperature sensitivity of skeletal Sr/Ca is conserved, despite substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry between the modern and glacial ocean. We present Sr/Ca analyses of 3 genotypes of massive Porites spp. corals (the genus most commonly used for palaeoclimate reconstruction), cultured under seawater pCO2 reflecting modern, future (year 2100) and last glacial maximum (LGM) conditions. Skeletal Sr/Ca is indistinguishable between duplicate colonies of the same genotype cultured under the same conditions, but varies significantly in response to seawater pCO2 in two genotypes of ...
Ruhrpumpen Provides Seawater Lift Pump Package for Offshore Application - impeller.netRuhrpumpen Provides Seawater Lift Pump Package for Offshore Application - impeller.net
The package consists of 3 main pumps - vertically mounted ZW 20x16x30 model - and 1 startup Seawater Lift Pump - vertically mounted ZW 12x8x19 (A) model. In order to provide water for firing up the steam boilers, the startup seawater lift pump is first started. Once the power generation system is running, high voltage power supply is available to activate the main seawater lift pumps whose function will be to supply seawater for the topside processes such as water injection and for the accommodation quarters.. These pumps were manufactured, tested and commissioned by RP India and designed by RP Specialists in MĆ©xico combining specialized analysis and the latest software technology. The pumps are designed to meet the very specific needs of the offshore industry and operate according to DNV Marine Class Certification.. The package is located in the sea chest of the FPSO Cyrus. This vessel has a storage capacity of 600,000 barrels and utilizes a tri-fuel (gas, crude oil and heavy fuel oil) fired ...
Cheap Solar Seawater Desalination System / Seawater To Drinking Water Machine ISO CE Certification of ro-watertreatmentsystemCheap Solar Seawater Desalination System / Seawater To Drinking Water Machine ISO CE Certification of ro-watertreatmentsystem
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Nanostructured Metal Oxide Sorbents for the Collection and Recovery of Uranium from Seawater (Journal Article) | SciTech ConnectNanostructured Metal Oxide Sorbents for the Collection and Recovery of Uranium from Seawater (Journal Article) | SciTech Connect
The ability to collect uranium from seawater offers the potential for a long-term green fuel supply for nuclear energy. However, extraction of uranium, and other trace minerals, is challenging due to the high ionic strength and low mineral concentrations in seawater. Herein we evaluate the use of nanostructured metal oxide sorbents for the collection and recovery of uranium from seawater. Chemical affinity, chemical adsorption capacity and kinetics of preferred sorbent materials were evaluated. High surface area manganese and iron oxide nanomaterials showed excellent performance for uranium collection from seawater. Inexpensive nontoxic carbonate solutions were demonstrated to be an effective and environmental benign method of stripping the uranium from the metal oxide sorbents. Various formats for the utilization of the nanostructured metals oxide sorbent materials are discussed including traditional and nontraditional methods such as magnetic separation. Keywords: Uranium, nano, manganese, ...
Impacts of Seawater Rise on Seawater Intrusion in the Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt - PubMedImpacts of Seawater Rise on Seawater Intrusion in the Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt - PubMed
Several investigations have recently considered the possible impacts of climate change and seawater level rise on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. All have revealed the severity of the problem and the significance of the landward movement of the dispersion zone under the condition of seawater ā€¦
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January 16, 2018 , Four students from Tel Aviv University won first place in the Accenture Israels Universities Competition, according to a statement from the company. The first place winners, Gal Meshulam-Lautker of the Faculty of Law and Economics, Mahmoud Meidlij of the Faculty of Accounting and Economics, Matan Marudi studying Industrial Engineering and Management, and Sari Kader of the Department of East Asia and Japan, proposed an interactive virtual store and built a VR-based digital strategy to implement the idea. The students have won a one month at the Herzeliya-based Accenture office, with a stipend, that could potentially lead to a job offer, as was the case with winners from last years competition. As part of the competition, Accenture presented students with a business problem the company has deal with in the past - to build a strategic plan for a toy company interested in conquering the digital sales market. The teams were asked to propose solutions and methods of action ...
Ocean acidification makes some marine snails less able to resist predators | MBARIOcean acidification makes some marine snails less able to resist predators | MBARI
As humans release more and more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the gas is dissolving into the ocean, making seawater more acidic. This threatens the growth and survival of animals such as some corals and snails, whose skeletons and shells may become thinner under more acidic conditions.. But ocean acidification can have more subtle consequences, such as affecting animal behavior and the relationships between predators and prey. Researchers in Senior Scientist Jim Barrys lab at MBARI have been studying these effects in the institutes state-of-the-art seawater lab. They recently published a paper showing how ocean acidification makes some snails more susceptible to being eaten by invasive (and predatory) green crabs.. The study, published in early May 2019 in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series, involved placing green crabs in containers with three different species of marine snails, and exposing the animals to seawater at different temperatures and levels of acidity. The idea was to ...
Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in the Anoxic Zone of the Cariaco Basin | Applied and...Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in the Anoxic Zone of the Cariaco Basin | Applied and...
Investigations of the compositions of microbial communities are important steps in understanding the role of bacterial and archaeal populations in biogeochemical processes. Due to poor culturability of natural bacteria, particularly anaerobic bacteria, we used molecular approaches based on rDNA sequences to investigate microbial community structure in the anoxic Cariaco Basin. However, we caution that the 16S rDNA library strategy for sequence retrieval contains several sources of potential bias. A bias caused by the reannealing kinetics of product molecules can skew gene frequencies when PCR product concentrations exceed threshold values (39). Another important potential bias is that organisms belonging to the domain Archaea have been found to have only one or a few gene copies of the 16S rRNA gene, while members of the domain Bacteria can have from one to seven or more copies, which may bias amplification towards theBacteria (26). Therefore, the frequency of rDNA clones should be regarded as ...
Genome Sequence of Gammaproteobacterial Pseudohaliea rubra Type Strain DSM 19751, Isolated from Coastal Seawater of the...Genome Sequence of Gammaproteobacterial Pseudohaliea rubra Type Strain DSM 19751, Isolated from Coastal Seawater of the...
Pseudohaliea rubra strain DSM 19751 įµ€ is an aerobic marine gammaproteobacterium that was isolated from surface coastal seawater of the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we present its genome sequence and annotation. Genome analysis revealed the presence of genes involved in the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll- a and the reserve compound glycogen ...
Inexpensive Seawater Tester Probe for Scientific and Artisanal Fishing Purposes - Stockholm Junior Water PrizeInexpensive Seawater Tester Probe for Scientific and Artisanal Fishing Purposes - Stockholm Junior Water Prize
The Chilean region of AysƩn has 19 fishing coves operated by artisanal fishermen who depend on fish -sea urchin in northern AysƩn, southern hake and other species in central AysƩn- for their livelihoods. The conservation status of these resources and the precarious existence led by the fishermen are a cause for concern.. The climate crisis has raised seawater temperatures, causing changes in marine wildlife. We do not know for certain how ocean resources are faring in the face of such abrupt shifts.. These circumstances call for new technologies enabling fishermen to actively monitor their fisheries management zones; for example, for seawater temperature, a factor that directly impacts fish behavior. This would improve fishing opportunities and sustainable resource management by artisanal fishermen. In addition, the region can make a valuable contribution to marine research. Because of its subantarctic influence, scientists regard AysƩn as highly suitable for the study of biodiversity and ...
SNF | P3 Forschungsdatenbank | Publikation Inorganic carbon fixation by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Black Sea water columnSNF | P3 Forschungsdatenbank | Publikation Inorganic carbon fixation by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Black Sea water column
The Black Sea is the largest anoxic water basin on Earth and its stratified water column comprises an upper oxic, middle suboxic and a lower permanently anoxic, sulfidic zone. The abundance of sulfatereducing bacteria (SRB) in water samples was determined by quantifying the copy number of the dsrA gene coding for the alpha subunit of the dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The dsrA gene was detected throughout the whole suboxic and anoxic zones. The maximum dsrA copy numbers were 5 Ā„ 102 and 6.3 Ā„ 102 copies ml-1 at 95 m in the suboxic and at 150 m in the upper anoxic zone, respectively. The proportion of SRB to total Bacteria was 0.1% in the oxic, 0.8-1.9% in the suboxic and 1.2-4.7% in the anoxic zone. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA clones showed that most clones from the anoxic zone formed a coherent cluster within the Desulfonema-Desulfosarcina group. A similar depth profile as for dsrA copy numbers was obtained for the concentration of ...
Seawater turns into freshwater through solar energy: A new low-cost technologySeawater turns into freshwater through solar energy: A new low-cost technology
According to FAO estimates, by 2025 nearly 2 billion people may not have enough drinking water to satisfy their daily needs. One of the possible solutions to this problem is desalination, namely treating seawater to make it drinkable. However, removing salt from seawater requires 10 to 1000 times more energy than traditional methods of freshwater supply, namely pumping water from rivers or wells.. Motivated by this problem, a team of engineers from the Department of Energy of Politecnico di Torino has devised a new prototype to desalinate seawater in a sustainable and low-cost way, using solar energy more efficiently. Compared to previous solutions, the developed technology is in fact able to double the amount of water produced at given solar energy, and it may be subject to further efficiency improvement in the near future. The group of young researchers who recently published these results in the journal Nature Sustainability is composed of Eliodoro Chiavazzo, Matteo Morciano, Francesca ...
Seawater, South Korea, Offshore, Japan, Seawater, Wastewater Treatment, Recovery, Cyprus, Oil & Gas, Hawaii from Water....Seawater, South Korea, Offshore, Japan, Seawater, Wastewater Treatment, Recovery, Cyprus, Oil & Gas, Hawaii from Water....
Browse Seawater, South Korea, Offshore, Japan, Seawater, Wastewater Treatment, Recovery, Cyprus, Oil & Gas, Hawaii items by tag, keyword or phrase on Water. desalination + reuse. Click on a keyword to refine the search further
Resistance to Seawater Crevice CorrosionResistance to Seawater Crevice Corrosion
Seawater is probably the most common aqueous salt solution. Not only is it encountered in marine transportation and offshore oil rigs, but it is also used as a coolant in coastal facilities. Listed are data generated as part of a U.S. Navy study at the LaQue Laboratories in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina (and published by D.M. Aylor et al, Paper No. 329, CORROSION 99, NACE International, 1999). Crevice tests were performed in both still (quiescent) and flowing seawater, at 29Ā°C, plus or minus 3Ā°C. Two samples (A & B) of each alloy were tested in still water for 180 days, and likewise in flowing water. Each sample contained two possible crevice sites. The results indicate that C-22Ā® alloy is very resistant to crevice corrosion in seawater.. ...
U.S. Navy Flies Plane With Fuel From SeawaterU.S. Navy Flies Plane With Fuel From Seawater
Scientists from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) demonstrated a fuel they created from seawater could power an off-the-shelf internal combustion engine. A radio controlled P-51 Mustang modelled after the famous Red Tailed Tuskegee Squadron was flown using the lab created fuel without any modifications to the planes engine.. The fuel is the combination of two NRL projects. The first is uses an electrolytic cation exchange module that removes CO2 from seawater. Seawater contains a lot more carbon than air - nearly 140 times as much. Most of this carbon is in the form of bicarbonate with smaller amounts carbonate and carbonic acid. The NRL process converts the carbonate and bicarbonate into carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas.. The second project uses CO2 and hydrogen gases to synthesize hydrocarbon liquids. This project is a two step process. The first step creates unsaturated hydrocarbon olefins from the gases using an iron catalyst. The second step polymerizes the olefins into into the ...
Effect of Surface Charging on the SIMS Depth Profile of Bismuth Titanate Thin Film -Analytical Science and Technology ...Effect of Surface Charging on the SIMS Depth Profile of Bismuth Titanate Thin Film -Analytical Science and Technology ...
Effect of Surface Charging on the SIMS Depth Profile of Bismuth Titanate Thin Film SIMS;bismuth titanate;FRAM;charging effect;depth profile; The effect of SIMS analysis conditions such as mesh grid, offset voltage and ion species on the in-depth profile for bismuth titanate thin film was examined in terms of charging effect and detection limit. The results shows that the use of offset voltage -40 V reduces the charging effect and the detection limit. The employment of mesh grid in sample preparation leads to the reduction of the charging effect in small amount, but deteriorate the detection limit. Utilization of primary $O^-$ ion for SIMS analysis of bismuth titanate thin film showed almost the same effect as using offset voltage -40 V. However, it takes approximately triple acquisition time than using $O_2{^+}$ ion due to the poor beam current of the source in the experiment.
Arthur D. Smith Endourology Lectureship Awarded to Dr. Thomas Knoll | NewsroomArthur D. Smith Endourology Lectureship Awarded to Dr. Thomas Knoll | Newsroom
New Orleans, La. - The 2013 Arthur D. Smith Endourology Lectureship has been awarded to Thomas Knoll, MD, Associate Professor of Urology at University Medical Center Mannheim and the head of the Department of Urology at the Sindelfingen Medical center of the University of Tuebingen, Germany.. Dr. Knoll was presented the award, commonly known as the Arthur award, today at the World Congress of Endourology (WCE) annual meeting in New Orleans. Knoll received the Arthur award for his extensive scientific and clinical work on the interventional treatment of urolithiasis and benign hyperplasia. Knoll recently performed a large study on the pathogenesis and prevention of calcium oxalate and cystine stone formation.. ...
Seawater greenhouseSeawater greenhouse
A seawater greenhouse is a greenhouse structure that enables the growth of crops in arid regions, using seawater and solar energy. The technique involves pumping seawater (or allowing it to gravitate if below sea level) to an arid location and then subjecting it to two processes: first, it is used t...
Ocean Acidification Program - ocean acidificationOcean Acidification Program - ocean acidification
Management strategies use information provided by research and tools that can be used to make sound decisions to effectively conserve marine resources. Baseline research about organism and community sensitivity to ocean acidification is incorporated into these strategies, in an effort to sustain these resources for the future. Before management plans can be created it is necessary to have baseline research about the effects of ocean acidification on marine resources, such as Pacific oysters, Dungeness crabs and rockfish. The OAP funds NOAA Fisheries Science Centers to expose various life stages of valuable species to present and future acidification conditions. The biological response research is then incorporated into models that can be used to create tools for managers to use so that they can test different scenarios on species populations and habitats. Modeling efforts led by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution are now being used to produce one of these tools for Atlantic sea scallop ...
High Quality Drinking Water: Tampa Bay WaterHigh Quality Drinking Water: Tampa Bay Water
Tampa Bay Water delivers high-quality drinking water. A continual process of sampling, testing and monitoring assures purity and quality.
Kevin L. VerginKevin L. Vergin
Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) are essential cofactors for microbial metalloenzymes, but little is known about the metalloenyzme inventory of anaerobic marine microbial communities despite their importance to the nitrogen cycle. We compared dissolved O2, NO3āˆ’, NO2āˆ’, Fe and Cu concentrations with nucleic acid sequences encoding Fe and Cu-binding proteins in 21 metagenomes and 9 metatranscriptomes from Eastern Tropical North and South Pacific oxygen minimum zones and 7 metagenomes from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Station. Dissolved Fe concentrations increased sharply at upper oxic-anoxic transition zones, with the highest Fe:Cu molar ratio (1.8) occurring at the anoxic core of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone and matching the predicted maximum ratio based on data from diverse ocean sites. The relative abundance of genes encoding Fe-binding proteins was negatively correlated with O2, driven by significant increases in genes encoding Fe-proteins involved in dissimilatory ...
A Mari Ocean Gin - distilled with Atlantic Ocean Seawater - The GremlinA Mari Ocean Gin - distilled with Atlantic Ocean Seawater - The Gremlin
Fast forward to the early hours and the initial concept for A Mari Ocean Gin was born - the only gin in the world distilled with Atlantic Ocean seawater. From concept to A Mari Ocean Gin being on shelf took just 4 months.. A Mari - originating from Latin, means from the sea. There is a reason behind using the ocean water, the minerals in the water aid in the oil extraction from the unique Cape coastal botanicals giving a rich smoothness and complexity to the gin. The nose exhibits a citrus-forward freshness, echoed on the palate with hints of naartjie and lemon, merging into a mid-palate of rich florals and peppery spices.. This premium gin is made in small batches and Niel and Jess do everything from harvesting the botanicals, to distilling, to hand numbering each bottle that goes onto the market. They are currently working on a second gin.. ...
An experimental study of volatile halocarbon production in surface seawater . - OceanRepAn experimental study of volatile halocarbon production in surface seawater . - OceanRep
Shi, Qiang, Petrick, Gert, Quack, Birgit, Marandino, Christa and Wallace, Douglas W.R. (2013) An experimental study of volatile halocarbon production in surface seawater . ...
The Oceanic Crust as a Bioreactor - The Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges - Staudigel - Wiley Online LibraryThe Oceanic Crust as a Bioreactor - The Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges - Staudigel - Wiley Online Library
Staudigel, H., Tebo, B., Yayanos, A., Furnes, H., Kelley, K., Plank, T. and Muehlenbachs, K. (2004) The Oceanic Crust as a Bioreactor, in The Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges (eds W. S.D. Wilcock, E. F. Delong, D. S. Kelley, J. A. Baross and S. Craig Cary), American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C.. doi: 10.1029/144GM20 ...
UV-LED/PMS preoxidation to control fouling caused by harmful marine algae in the UF pretreatment of seawater desalination<...UV-LED/PMS preoxidation to control fouling caused by harmful marine algae in the UF pretreatment of seawater desalination<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - UV-LED/PMS preoxidation to control fouling caused by harmful marine algae in the UF pretreatment of seawater desalination. AU - Lee, Hyunkyung. AU - Lim, Jihun. AU - Zhan, Min. AU - Hong, Seungkwan. PY - 2019/10/1. Y1 - 2019/10/1. N2 - Preoxidation is gaining spotlight in the mitigation of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling caused by algal organic matter (AOM). Although it is known to be beneficial in freshwater, its applicability in seawater treatment has barely been explored. This study first evaluated the effect of UV/permonosulfate (PMS) oxidation for UF process against marine harmful algal blooms (HAB). The transition of AOM released from Pseudo Nitzchia was investigated which produces a neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA). Specifically, UV light emitting diodes (LED) were employed as UV source. The results indicated UV-LED/PMS treatment effectively reduces the fouling potential of AOM. However, the participation of abundant chloride ions generated free chlorine and disinfection ...
Eastern Mediterranean Sea: free map, free blank map, free outline map, free base map : states, color (white)Eastern Mediterranean Sea: free map, free blank map, free outline map, free base map : states, color (white)
Eastern Mediterranean Sea: free map, free outline map, free blank map, free base map, high resolution GIF, PDF, CDR, AI, SVG, WMF : states, color (white)
Nazi human experimentationNazi human experimentation
Surface tensionSurface tension
Speed of soundSpeed of sound
ElectrochlorinationElectrochlorination
OceanOcean
OceanOcean
OxygenOxygen
Paragorgia arboreaParagorgia arborea
Algae fuelAlgae fuel
Multi-stage flash distillationMulti-stage flash distillation
DesalinationDesalination
TherapyTherapy
Corpus Christi BayCorpus Christi Bay
San Antonio BaySan Antonio Bay
Edmundsella pedataEdmundsella pedata
Matagorda BayMatagorda Bay
Liocarcinus pusillusLiocarcinus pusillus
Galathea intermediaGalathea intermedia
Galathea strigosaGalathea strigosa
Laguna Madre (United States)Laguna Madre (United States)
Water in CaliforniaWater in California
Aransas BayAransas Bay
Lithodes majaLithodes maja
Ectopleura larynxEctopleura larynx
Veolia WaterVeolia Water
Plate tectonicsPlate tectonics
Sverdrup balanceSverdrup balance
Survival kitSurvival kit
WaterWater
ShipwreckShipwreck
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SeawaterGillsWater MicrobiologyOstreidaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SFresh WaterMarine BiologyDNA, RibosomalPhylogenySalinityVibrioOceans and SeasAcclimatizationGammaproteobacteriaBase CompositionRhodobacteraceaeFundulidaeBivalviaFlavobacteriaceaeAnthozoaAnguillaPacific OceanCalcium CarbonateDNA, BacterialEelsWater-Electrolyte BalanceAlphaproteobacteriaSodium ChlorideSalmo salarSequence Analysis, DNAAquacultureFish DiseasesHeterotrophic ProcessesAntarctic RegionsTilapiaMediterranean SeaPlanktonFatty AcidsShellfishBacterial Typing TechniquesGenes, rRNAMolecular Sequence DataGeologic SedimentsBacteriaWater Pollution, ChemicalWater PollutionTemperatureDinoflagellidaCrassostreaVibrio parahaemolyticusFishesAerobiosisPigments, BiologicalKoreaEcosystemDecapodiformesCoral ReefsAlteromonadaceaePetroleumVibrio InfectionsBiofoulingBaysHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBrachyuraFish ProteinsEukaryotaWater Pollutants, ChemicalCarbonatesWater Pollutants, RadioactiveVibrio vulnificusFlounderQuinonesTenacibaculumPoriferaSvalbardSewageBacteroidetesPseudoalteromonasMolluscaFiltrationMytilusPhytoplanktonSulfonium CompoundsVitamin K 2Geological PhenomenaColony Count, MicrobialSalmonBryozoaCalcification, PhysiologicKillifishesAquatic OrganismsCluster AnalysisSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseFlatfishesLarvaAmphipodaCytophagaSalt-ToleranceSpecies SpecificitySea UrchinsWater PollutantsProtozoan Infections, AnimalOceanographyCulture MediaTroutArctic RegionsPolychaetaChloridesRNA, BacterialHydrothermal VentsHepatopancreasAtlantic OceanLocomotionIndian OceanAdaptation, PhysiologicalAnimal ShellsRhodophytaRepublic of KoreaSpectrophotometry, AtomicSerratiaWater MovementsArbaciaAlteromonasHydrocarbonsDiatoms
Keyword: seawaterKeyword: seawater
Plus itPlus it
seawater Archives - ExtremeTechseawater Archives - ExtremeTech
Seawater - WikipediaSeawater - Wikipedia
Could Seawater Solve the Freshwater Crisis?Could Seawater Solve the Freshwater Crisis?
Collecting Sea Water Samples | Greenpeace InternationalCollecting Sea Water Samples | Greenpeace International
sea water - Thaindian Newssea water - Thaindian News
Sea water and cameras dont mix - CNN VideoSea water and cameras don't mix - CNN Video
Scientists extract uranium powder from seawater | Reuters.comScientists extract uranium powder from seawater | Reuters.com
Seawater greenhouse - WikipediaSeawater greenhouse - Wikipedia
Patent US5351651 - Artificial sea-water - Google PatentsPatent US5351651 - Artificial sea-water - Google Patents
EWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SEA WATEREWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SEA WATER
Sea Water Air Conditioning in the CaribbeanSea Water Air Conditioning in the Caribbean
Antarctic seawater temperatures rising | EurekAlert! Science NewsAntarctic seawater temperatures rising | EurekAlert! Science News
Sea water pumps pollutants into coastal aquifers | New ScientistSea water 'pumps' pollutants into coastal aquifers | New Scientist
Her Birthday as Ashes in Seawater | The New YorkerHer Birthday as Ashes in Seawater | The New Yorker
How to turn seawater into jet fuel | New ScientistHow to turn seawater into jet fuel | New Scientist
Seawater Desalination: Solution Or Problem? | Care2 Healthy LivingSeawater Desalination: Solution Or Problem? | Care2 Healthy Living
Scientists can turn regular seawater into hydrogen fuelScientists can turn regular seawater into hydrogen fuel
Petition Ā· Chennai water problem - Sea water desalination Ā· Change.orgPetition Ā· Chennai water problem - Sea water desalination Ā· Change.org
Bill Gates Announces Funding for Seawater-Spraying Cloud MachinesBill Gates Announces Funding for Seawater-Spraying Cloud Machines
Stanford researchers create hydrogen fuel from seawaterStanford researchers create hydrogen fuel from seawater
Revealed: Largest Seawater Desalination Plant in AmericaRevealed: Largest Seawater Desalination Plant in America
Hydrolysis of explosives in sea water | SpringerLinkHydrolysis of explosives in sea water | SpringerLink
NIROFLEX - Wastewater Treatment Products - Seawater ...NIROFLEX - Wastewater Treatment Products - Seawater ...
Seawater pipelines - International Solidarity MovementSeawater pipelines - International Solidarity Movement
Natural Seawater Desalination LtdNatural Seawater Desalination Ltd
CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes, Volume 65 - 1st EditionCO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes, Volume 65 - 1st Edition
No reports of overflowing of seawater in Selangor | The StarNo reports of overflowing of seawater in Selangor | The Star
Seawater Science: Model Ocean Currents in Your Kitchen - Scientific AmericanSeawater Science: Model Ocean Currents in Your Kitchen - Scientific American
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
SeawaterGillsWater MicrobiologyOstreidaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SFresh WaterMarine BiologyDNA, RibosomalPhylogenySalinityVibrioOceans and SeasAcclimatizationGammaproteobacteriaBase CompositionRhodobacteraceaeFundulidaeBivalviaFlavobacteriaceaeAnthozoaAnguillaPacific OceanCalcium CarbonateDNA, BacterialEelsWater-Electrolyte BalanceAlphaproteobacteriaSodium ChlorideSalmo salarSequence Analysis, DNAAquacultureFish DiseasesHeterotrophic ProcessesAntarctic RegionsTilapiaMediterranean SeaPlanktonFatty AcidsShellfishBacterial Typing TechniquesGenes, rRNAMolecular Sequence DataGeologic SedimentsBacteriaWater Pollution, ChemicalWater PollutionTemperatureDinoflagellidaCrassostreaVibrio parahaemolyticusFishesAerobiosisPigments, BiologicalKoreaEcosystemDecapodiformesCoral ReefsAlteromonadaceaePetroleumVibrio InfectionsBiofoulingBaysHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBrachyuraFish ProteinsEukaryotaWater Pollutants, ChemicalCarbonatesWater Pollutants, RadioactiveVibrio vulnificusFlounderQuinonesTenacibaculumPoriferaSvalbardSewageBacteroidetesPseudoalteromonasMolluscaFiltrationMytilusPhytoplanktonSulfonium CompoundsVitamin K 2Geological PhenomenaColony Count, MicrobialSalmonBryozoaCalcification, PhysiologicKillifishesAquatic OrganismsCluster AnalysisSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseFlatfishesLarvaAmphipodaCytophagaSalt-ToleranceSpecies SpecificitySea UrchinsWater PollutantsProtozoan Infections, AnimalOceanographyCulture MediaTroutArctic RegionsPolychaetaChloridesRNA, BacterialHydrothermal VentsHepatopancreasAtlantic OceanLocomotionIndian OceanAdaptation, PhysiologicalAnimal ShellsRhodophytaRepublic of KoreaSpectrophotometry, AtomicSerratiaWater MovementsArbaciaAlteromonasHydrocarbonsDiatoms
Largest seawater desalination plantReverse osmosisDesalinate seawaterAbsolute salinity of seawaterUranium dissolved in seawaterGurney's Montauk ResortAltering seawater chemistryIncluded seawater desalinationChemistryFound that seawaterProduction from seawaterScientistsTurn seawaterDrink seawaterNatural seawaterEarth'sCorrodeElectrolysisAbundantResearchersIonsTemperatureWaterSalinityFermentation processSaltDesalination plantsDrinkableBioethanol productionExtract2016AnodeSodiumFreshwaterFibersHydrogen fuelCatalystOxygenSundrop FarmsAmountsConcentrationHarnessCarbonGallonsSunlightNuclear fuelSearchExtractionSalineChemistsCoastlineFeasibilityContentThermalMagnesiumElectricityFuelBacteriaTechnologyProcess
Largest seawater desalination plant4
Reverse osmosis7
Desalinate seawater2
  • When there is a drought, local officials and enterprises all come to see us and say, 'We want to desalinate seawater,'" says Wang Zhi, director of the Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology at Tianjin University. (technologyreview.com)
  • TNO had earlier developed a method, the MemstillĀ® technology, to desalinate seawater using membranes and extract pure drinking water from it. (tno.nl)
Absolute salinity of seawater3
Uranium dissolved in seawater2
  • Scientists have long known that uranium dissolved in seawater combines chemically with oxygen to form uranyl ions with a positive charge. (stanford.edu)
  • Abney and colleagues plan to use this knowledge to design adsorbents that can harness the vast reserves of uranium dissolved in seawater. (ornl.gov)
Gurney's Montauk Resort4
Altering seawater chemistry1
Included seawater desalination1
Chemistry10
  • The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation. (elsevier.com)
  • It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. (elsevier.com)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
  • Unfortunately, these natural sinks aren't equipped to handle the high levels of gases humans generate, and when oceans absorb a large amount of CO 2 -, the gas changes the chemistry of the seawater so that the natural weathering of rocks can't balance acidification. (howstuffworks.com)
  • A scientist who studies ocean species to develop adhesives is now looking at the changing chemistry of seawater to see how it may affect the ability of mussels to adhere to their surroundings. (nsf.gov)
  • Seawater chemistry is characterized by long phases of stability, which are interrupted by short intervals of rapid change,' says geoscientist Ulrich Wortmann of the University of Toronto, lead author of a paper reporting the results and published this week in the journal Science . (nsf.gov)
  • When India and Eurasia collided, it caused dissolution of ancient salt deposits, which resulted in drastic changes in seawater chemistry. (nsf.gov)
  • Abrupt changes in seawater composition are a new twist in our understanding of the links among ocean chemistry, plate tectonics, climate and evolution,' says Candace Major, program director in NSF's Division of Ocean Sciences. (nsf.gov)
  • While it's been known for a long time that gypsum deposits can be formed and destroyed rapidly, the effect of these processes on seawater chemistry has been overlooked,' says Wortmann. (nsf.gov)
  • Space shuttle view of Earth's 'gypsum belt,' which likely changed seawater chemistry. (nsf.gov)
Found that seawater2
Production from seawater1
Scientists8
  • Scientists, including those from Northeastern University in the U.S., developed carbon nanotube pores that can exclude salt from seawater. (freerepublic.com)
  • Scientists say they have created five grams of yellowcake - a powdered form of uranium used to produce fuel for nuclear power production - using acrylic fibers to extract it from seawater. (reuters.com)
  • Ever since an unusually warm mass of seawater began spreading along the Pacific Coast of North America a year ago - wreaking havoc on the marine food chain - scientists have struggled to explain its presence. (latimes.com)
  • Seawater includes uranium in low concentrations but great quantities, and many scientists see it as a key to meeting the world's future energy needs through nuclear power. (csmonitor.com)
  • Scientists have tried to extract uranium from seawater since the 1960s, Rogers noted. (csmonitor.com)
  • To counteract the overwhelmed oceans, scientists are proposing adding lime to seawater to boost the sink's efficiency. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Washington (AFP) - The US Navy believes it has finally worked out the solution to a problem that has intrigued scientists for decades: how to take seawater and use it as fuel. (rexresearch.com)
  • Over a 10-year period, NOAA scientists have collected 72,000 seawater samples, and their data show that the ocean is becoming more acidic because of climate change . (si.edu)
Turn seawater2
Drink seawater1
  • When humans drink seawater the body cells are take in water and salt, with the salt at a very high concentration and this level of sodium would be deadly if it was consumed regularly. (digitaljournal.com)
Natural seawater4
Earth's4
Corrode3
  • Seawater tends to corrode water-splitting systems. (engadget.com)
  • But negatively charged chloride in seawater salt can corrode the positive end, limiting the system's lifespan. (stanford.edu)
  • But Navrotsky and others have since discovered a new way in which seawater can corrode nuclear fuel, forming uranium compounds that could potentially travel long distances, either in solution or as very small particles. (eponline.com)
Electrolysis1
Abundant3
  • The most abundant dissolved ions in seawater are sodium, chloride, magnesium, sulfate and calcium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overall process could be significantly less expensive and more efficient than any conventional magnesium extraction method available today and uses seawater as an abundant, free resource. (energy.gov)
  • Jason Reese, Weir Professor of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, and his research group say that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) - essentially sheets of one-atom thick carbon rolled into cylinders - can transform abundant seawater into pure, clean drinking water. (medindia.net)
Researchers6
  • Even as researchers work to improve reactor safety and solve the waste disposal issues, he believes that a practical way to extract uranium from seawater is needed to reduce the energy insecurity of nations that depend on nuclear power but lack uranium within their own borders. (stanford.edu)
  • In an effort to better understand those cycles, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Natural Sciences David Johnston, Ph.D. student Andrew Masterson, and research assistant Erin Beirne worked with colleagues to develop a tool to measure levels of seawater sulfate in situ , giving researchers a clearer picture of how much sulfur cycling is taking place in oxygen minimum zones. (harvard.edu)
  • December 17, 2015 - An ultra-high-resolution technique used for the first time to study polymer fibers that trap uranium in seawater may cause researchers to rethink the best methods to harvest this potential fuel for nuclear reactors. (ornl.gov)
  • To make the discovery, the researchers combined past seawater sulfur composition data collected by Paytan with Wortmann's recent discovery of the strong link between marine sulfate concentrations and carbon and phosphorus cycling. (nsf.gov)
  • In the new paper, the researchers show that in the presence of alkali metal ions such as sodium -- for example, in seawater -- these clusters are stable enough to persist in solution or as small particles even when the oxidizing agent is removed. (eponline.com)
  • The study - ' The establishment of a marine focused biorefinery for bioethanol production using seawater and a novel marine yeast strain ' - has been published in Scientific Reports and was carried out by researchers at the University of Nottingham. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Ions5
  • On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 599 mM) This means that every kilogram (roughly one litre by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na+ ) and chloride (Clāˆ’ ) ions). (wikipedia.org)
  • Seawater contains more dissolved ions than all types of freshwater. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, although seawater contains about 2.8 times more bicarbonate than river water based on molarity, the percentage of bicarbonate in seawater as a ratio of all dissolved ions is far lower than in river water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bicarbonate ions also constitute 48% of river water solutes but only 0.14% of all seawater ions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracting these uranyl ions involves dipping plastic fibers containing a compound called amidoxime into seawater. (stanford.edu)
Temperature5
Water44
  • The Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Tuesday announced that it has developed the world s first next generation seawater distillation technology that allows consumable water to be produced in low temperatures and under low pressure, which increases energy efficiency and production capacity. (freerepublic.com)
  • This method wastes much less energy than earlier desalination techniques, such as heating seawater and harvesting fresh water from the steam. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. (wikipedia.org)
  • Average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/L. Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water (density 1.0 kg/L at 4 Ā°C (39 Ā°F)) because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. (wikipedia.org)
  • A SWAC system consists of a cold seawater supply pipe (intake), a pumping unit and heat exchanger (at the shoreline), and a closed loop with fresh water distribution to cover cooling needs of each building connected through a secondary heat exchanger. (slideshare.net)
  • The technique involves pumping seawater (or allowing it to gravitate if below sea level) to an arid location and then subjecting it to two processes: first, it is used to humidify and cool the air, and second, it is evaporated by solar heating and distilled to produce fresh water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The technology was introduced by British inventor Charlie Paton in the early 1990s and is being developed by his UK company Seawater Greenhouse Ltd. The more concentrated salt water may either be further evaporated for the production of salt and other elements, or discharged back to the sea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The seawater greenhouse is a response to the global water crisis and peak water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enterprise is now independently operating with an evolved set of technologies as Sundrop Farms Pty Ltd . A seawater greenhouse uses the sun, the sea and the atmosphere to produce fresh water and cool air. (wikipedia.org)
  • A seawater greenhouse evaporates much more water than it condenses back into freshwater. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, Sundrop Farms uses a more robust desalination technique in favour of the water vapour technique employed by Seawater Greenhouse, thus allowing them to construct larger scale facilities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ocean desalination-a process that converts seawater into drinking water-is being hailed as the solution to water supply problems. (care2.com)
  • The water-splitting device lasts roughly 12 hours, unable to withstand seawater corrosion. (engadget.com)
  • From each two gallons of seawater, one gallon of drinking water and one gallon of highly concentrated salt water or "brine" is produced. (breitbart.com)
  • To add to the company's array of desalination solutions , Fluence's water experts have designed a family of pre-engineered building blocks that can be assembled into cost-effective seawater desalination systems that match any water sourcing need. (environmental-expert.com)
  • This process does not consume any energy while separating pure water from seawater. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Santa Barbara has completed a $71 million reactivation of its seawater desalination plant to bolster its water supplies. (scpr.org)
  • Manchester - A graphene-based sieve has successfully turned seawater into drinking water. (digitaljournal.com)
  • This means that to get rid of all the excess salt taken in by drinking seawater the kidneys would need to take existing water from the body. (digitaljournal.com)
  • Provided the holes are less-than-one-nanometre in size, seawater can pass through and salt are retained, producing clean water . (digitaljournal.com)
  • Today's methods are energy intensive and expensive because the magnesium concentration in seawater is so low that significant energy is needed to evaporate off water and precipitate magnesium chloride salt. (energy.gov)
  • The use of seawater for industrial cooling is a vital technology that poses some of the most profound environmental impact on the water quality in the Arabian Gulf. (scirp.org)
  • Will Turning Seawater Into Drinking Water Help Drought-Hit California? (npr.org)
  • This edition of the Industrial Bioprocessing TOE features trends and innovations in production of bioplastic for packaging applications and seawater fermentation process enabling to reduce water footprint in bioethanol production. (frost.com)
  • Seawater is water from a sea or ocean . (fact-index.com)
  • The site of a seawater desalination plant that could provide up to one-third of the water consumed by Beijing's households lies about 200 kilometers southeast of the parched Chinese capital. (technologyreview.com)
  • Indeed, the demand for seawater desalination grows and wanes as the levels of local surface water and groundwater fluctuate from year to year, putting future projects on hold. (technologyreview.com)
  • The rapid development of the entire seawater desalination industry in China will not happen unless most of the desalinated seawater can enter municipal water supplies," says Fan Zhifeng, senior engineer of the seawater desalination division at Shanghai Electric. (technologyreview.com)
  • For northern China, the South-North Water Diversion Project has made seawater desalination seem less urgent. (technologyreview.com)
  • Corpus Christi was one of the first cities where seawater desalination feasibility studies were conducted by the water development board in 2002. (rgj.com)
  • In a statement, the water development board said the funding would help the city continue development conducting planning tasks related to seawater desalination, such as plant site selection, source water characterization, and economic impact and cost modeling. (rgj.com)
  • building a brackish water desalination plant is usually cheaper than a seawater desalination plant because brackish water is generally cleaner and contains less total dissolved salts. (rgj.com)
  • It calls for seawater desalination to produce about 116,000 acre-feet of new water supply per year by 2070. (rgj.com)
  • Desalination plant means we are making freshwater from seawater and here, as you can see, we are in front of red sea water. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • So we need pressure to pressurise seawater much above 30 bars in order to get this fresh water from the other side. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • So we put waste water in one side of the membrane and on the other side we put our sea water, So according to what I explained, what will happen is the dirty water, which is the wastewater, will start moving towards the seawater but this membrane only allows clean water to pass. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • A student from Ottawa University in Canada has developed a technology that turns seawater into clean, drinking water much more efficiently than is available today. (medindia.net)
  • Seawater is mostly (~96.5%) water, but it contains important amounts of dissolved salts (~3.5%), which are mostly, but not all, sodium chloride , which is identical to table salt. (wisegeek.com)
  • The unique chemical properties of seawater mean that it is a drastically different living environment than fresh water, and many animals that live in it have never adapted to live in fresh water. (wisegeek.com)
  • Seawater is about 2.5% denser than fresh water. (wisegeek.com)
  • While negotiations continue between the San Diego County Water Authority and Poseidon Resources on a 30-year water purchase agreement for water from the proposed Carlsbad Seawater Desalination Project, the Water Authority Board of Directors today received reports on several major issues related to the project, including terms under which the Water Authority's member agencies could buy a portion of the project's supplies. (sdcwa.org)
  • By pursuing seawater desalination and supporting member agencies' local supply projects, by 2020 the Water Authority will reduce its reliance on imported water from MWD to about 30 percent, greatly increasing water reliability for the region. (sdcwa.org)
  • Desalination is the process of separating salt from seawater to produce fresh drinking water. (veolia.com)
  • With the amount of rainfall expected to continue decreasing, and our population on the rise, seawater desalination, a completely non-rainfall dependent source of water, is being adopted as part of an integrated approach to managing water supply and demand. (veolia.com)
Salinity6
  • At typical salinity, it freezes at about āˆ’2 Ā°C (28 Ā°F). The coldest seawater ever recorded (in a liquid state) was in 2010, in a stream under an Antarctic glacier, and measured āˆ’2.6 Ā°C (27.3 Ā°F). Seawater pH is typically limited to a range between 7.5 and 8.4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the vast majority of seawater has a salinity of between 31 g/kg and 38 g/kg, that is 3.1-3.8%, seawater is not uniformly saline throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • The density of seawater also changes with salinity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The density of typical seawater brine of 120 g/kg salinity at 25 Ā°C and atmospheric pressure is 1088 kg/m3. (wikipedia.org)
  • The thermal conductivity of seawater is 0.6 W/mK at 25 Ā°C and a salinity of 35 g/kg. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1) Seawater is indeed about the same salinity as 2 tablespoons of salt per quart. (thenakedscientists.com)
Fermentation process2
Salt4
Desalination plants1
Drinkable1
Bioethanol production1
Extract2
  • Trace amounts of uranium exist in seawater, but efforts to extract that critical ingredient for nuclear power have produced insufficient quantities to make it a viable source for those countries that lack uranium mines. (stanford.edu)
  • US experts have found out how to extract carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas from seawater. (rexresearch.com)
20161
Anode4
  • Without the negatively charged coating, the anode only works for around 12 hours in seawater, according to Michael Kenney, a graduate student in the Dai lab and co-lead author on the paper. (stanford.edu)
  • Apparatus for seawater acidification including an ion exchange, cathode and anode electrode compartments and cation-permeable membranes that separate the electrode compartments from the ion exchange compartment. (rexresearch.com)
  • Means is provided for feeding seawater through the ion exchange compartment and for feeding a dissociable liquid media through the anode and cathode electrode compartments. (rexresearch.com)
  • Fabrication and structure of the dual-layer NiFe/NiS x -Ni foam (Ni 3 ) anode for seawater splitting. (pnas.org)
Sodium1
  • This means that for every 1 liter (1000mL) of seawater there are 35 grams of dissolved salts (mostly, but not entirely, sodium chloride ). (fact-index.com)
Freshwater2
Fibers2
  • Despite the low concentration of uranium and the presence of many other metals extracted from seawater, we were able to investigate the local atomic environment around uranium and better understand how it is bound by the polymer fibers," Abney said. (ornl.gov)
  • Surprisingly, the spectrum for the seawater-contacted polymer fibers was distinctly different from what was expected based on small molecule and computational investigations. (ornl.gov)
Hydrogen fuel3
  • Hongjie Dai and his research lab at Stanford University have developed a prototype that can generate hydrogen fuel from seawater. (stanford.edu)
  • Previous studies attempting to split seawater for hydrogen fuel had run low amounts of electric current, because corrosion occurs at higher currents. (stanford.edu)
  • A prototype device used solar energy to create hydrogen fuel from seawater. (eurasiareview.com)
Catalyst1
Oxygen4
  • The findings, published March 18 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , demonstrate a new way of separating hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater via electricity. (stanford.edu)
  • But they also designed a solar-powered demonstration machine that produced hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater collected from San Francisco Bay. (stanford.edu)
  • The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , demonstrate a new way of separating hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater via electricity. (eurasiareview.com)
  • What we've developed is an isotope tool - what we can do is measure the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater sulfate in these regions, and use that as a measurement to assess how much cycling is going on. (harvard.edu)
Sundrop Farms2
  • The seawater greenhouse technology was adopted and subsequently modified by Sundrop Farms in Port Augusta, Australia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sundrop Farms CEO Philipp Saumweber, a former investment banker, says the agriculture model as "innovative" in that it harnesses only seawater and sunlight. (greenprophet.com)
Amounts1
  • Aside from calcium chloride salts, seawater also contains sulfates (7.7% of dissolved salts), magnesium (3.7%), calcium (1.2%), potassium (1.1%), and minor constituents (0.7%), including trace amounts of inorganic carbon (0.2%), bromide (0.08%), uranium (0.00000001%), and gold (similar amount). (wisegeek.com)
Concentration1
Harness1
Carbon2
Gallons1
  • The new plant takes in seawater through a 72-inch pipeline to the tune of 100 million gallons a day. (breitbart.com)
Sunlight2
  • Part of that research included lab tests on machines that suck up seawater and spray it into the air, seeding white clouds that reflect rays of sunlight away from Earth. (inhabitat.com)
  • In South Australia, sunlight + seawater = tomatoes. (technologyreview.com)
Nuclear fuel1
  • Japan used seawater to cool nuclear fuel at the stricken Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear plant after the tsunami in March 2011 -- and that was probably the best action to take at the time, says Professor Alexandra Navrotsky of the University of California, Davis. (eponline.com)
Search1
  • The seawater greenhouse concept was first researched and developed in 1991 by Charlie Paton's company Light Works Ltd, now Seawater Greenhouse Ltd. The first pilot project commenced in 1992 with the search for a test site that was eventually found on the Canary Island of Tenerife. (wikipedia.org)
Extraction5
  • Seawater represents a virtually unlimited source of magnesium, which could supply worldwide demand for centuries given an economic and environmentally sound method for its extraction. (energy.gov)
  • Seawater extraction gives countries that don't have land-based uranium the security that comes from knowing they'll have the raw material to meet their energy needs. (stanford.edu)
  • Chu, a former U.S. secretary of energy who encouraged seawater extraction research before he left the Department of Energy (DOE) to return to Stanford, observed that nuclear power currently generates 20 percent of U.S. electricity and 13 percent worldwide. (stanford.edu)
  • Chu emphasized that research on seawater extraction has to proceed in parallel with reactor safety and waste disposal challenges. (stanford.edu)
  • article{osti_1361344, title = {Uranium extraction: Fuel from seawater}, author = {Tsouris, Costas and Oak Ridge National Lab. (osti.gov)
Saline1
Chemists1
Coastline2
Feasibility1
Content1
  • Seeing a fairly direct correlation between seawater iron content and mussel adhesive performance provides us with ideas for designing new and robust synthetic materials," Wilker said. (nsf.gov)
Thermal1
  • Seawater is heated in a thermal process, flashed into steam in a series of evaporation chambers and then condensed. (outokumpu.com)
Magnesium2
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing a radically new process to produce magnesium from seawater. (energy.gov)
  • If successful, PNNL would enable a low-cost, low-energy metal-organic process for producing magnesium from seawater without the energy intensive steps associated with conventional processes. (energy.gov)
Electricity1
Fuel7
  • Faced with global warming and potential oil shortages, the US navy is experimenting with making jet fuel from seawater. (newscientist.com)
  • In order to ensure a sustainable reserve of fuel for nuclear power generation, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced sorbent materials for extracting uranium from seawater. (osti.gov)
  • In other words, these clusters could form on the surface of a fuel rod exposed to seawater and then be transported away, surviving in the environment for months or years before reverting to more common forms of uranium, without peroxide, and settling to the bottom of the ocean. (eponline.com)
  • The predicted cost of jet fuel using the technology is in the range of three to six dollars per gallon, say experts at the US Naval Research Laboratory, who have already flown a model airplane with fuel produced from seawater. (rexresearch.com)
  • For the first time we've been able to develop a technology to get CO2 and hydrogen from seawater simultaneously, that's a big breakthrough," she said, adding that the fuel "doesn't look or smell very different. (rexresearch.com)
  • Developing a game-changing technology like this, seawater to fuel, really is something that reinvents a lot of the way we can do business when you think about logistics, readiness. (rexresearch.com)
  • The latest "German" Submarines before the end of the war were using seawater and peroxide as fuel, and were as efficient as if not more than nuclear according to Vladamir Terzisky, the Bulgarian born Engineer. (rexresearch.com)
Bacteria2
Technology1
  • For technical data and manufacturing plants analysis, the report analyzes Seawater Desalination Membrane leading suppliers on capacity, commercial production date, manufacturing plants distribution, R&D Status, technology sources, and raw materials sources. (mynewsdesk.com)
Process3
  • This illustrative video shows the seawater desalination process in action. (rgj.com)
  • We are diluting seawater because of that process. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Fritz Haber, the German scientist known for his invention of the Haber process and Zyklon poison gas, spent the last years of his life attempting to come up with an efficient way of extracting large quantities of gold from seawater so that Germany could pay off its war debts. (wisegeek.com)
Timuna Sea - Water Sports - visitlondon.com
Timuna Sea - Water Sports - visitlondon.com (visitlondon.com)
Desalination | Dry sea water elements: bringing peace of mind to inventory management
Desalination | Dry sea water elements: bringing peace of mind to inventory management (event.on24.com)
Green sea water | Stock image | Colourbox
Green sea water | Stock image | Colourbox (colourbox.com)
Sunset, sea, water, scenics, horizon over water, | EyeEm
Sunset, sea, water, scenics, horizon over water, | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea, water, horizon over water, lifestyles, beach, | EyeEm
Sea, water, horizon over water, lifestyles, beach, | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea, water, sky, nature, tranquility, horizon over | EyeEm
Sea, water, sky, nature, tranquility, horizon over | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea, water, beach, clear sky, leisure activity, | EyeEm
Sea, water, beach, clear sky, leisure activity, | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Fluval Sea Water Pumps - AquaCave.com
Fluval Sea Water Pumps - AquaCave.com (aquacave.com)
Rising Sea Waters
Rising Sea Waters (wn.com)
Sea - Water Sports
Sea - Water Sports (kos.gr)
Dead Sea Water
Dead Sea Water (beautyinthebag.com)
Sea, water, outdoors, nature, no people, beauty in | EyeEm
Sea, water, outdoors, nature, no people, beauty in | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Foamy seawater surface after the storm | Stock image | Colourbox
Foamy seawater surface after the storm | Stock image | Colourbox (colourbox.com)
Victoria Sea Water Transportation Cloud - Sky Sky | on EyeEm
Victoria Sea Water Transportation Cloud - Sky Sky | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea Water Tranquil Scene Scenics Tranquility Sky | on EyeEm
Sea Water Tranquil Scene Scenics Tranquility Sky | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea, water, beach, rear view, horizon over water, | EyeEm
Sea, water, beach, rear view, horizon over water, | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea, water, horizon over water, pier, railing, the | EyeEm
Sea, water, horizon over water, pier, railing, the | EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea Water Wave Cloud Scenics Waterfront Nature Sky | on EyeEm
Sea Water Wave Cloud Scenics Waterfront Nature Sky | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Strand Sea Water Sky Sunset Beach Horizon Over | on EyeEm
Strand Sea Water Sky Sunset Beach Horizon Over | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sunrise Sky Sea Water Scenics - Nature Beauty In | on EyeEm
Sunrise Sky Sea Water Scenics - Nature Beauty In | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Horizon Over Water Beach Sea Water Vacations Shore | on EyeEm
Horizon Over Water Beach Sea Water Vacations Shore | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Calm sea Water Sea Sunset Beach Summer Sun | on EyeEm
Calm sea Water Sea Sunset Beach Summer Sun | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Sea Water Beauty In Nature High Angle View Scenics | on EyeEm
Sea Water Beauty In Nature High Angle View Scenics | on EyeEm (eyeem.com)
Estimates of the Direct Effect of Seawater pH on the Survival Rate of Species Groups in the California Current Ecosystem
Estimates of the Direct Effect of Seawater pH on the Survival Rate of Species Groups in the California Current Ecosystem (journals.plos.org)
Aquarium Fish Tank Seawater Coral Reef Phone Camera Filters Lens with Macro Lens - Kogan.com
Aquarium Fish Tank Seawater Coral Reef Phone Camera Filters Lens with Macro Lens - Kogan.com (kogan.com)
Free Stock Photo of sky landscape sea water clouds travel ocean cloud tourism sun beach summer horizon coast atmosphere...
Free Stock Photo of sky landscape sea water clouds travel ocean cloud tourism sun beach summer horizon coast atmosphere... (freerangestock.com)
Scientists in China have developed several types of rice that can grow in seawater - IBTimes India
Scientists in China have developed several types of rice that can grow in seawater - IBTimes India (ibtimes.co.in)
Coriolis mass flow meter seawater aviation kerosene soap ketone water glucose coriolis mass flow meter density meter...
Coriolis mass flow meter seawater aviation kerosene soap ketone water glucose coriolis mass flow meter density meter... (flowmetercn.com)
Salt | Chemistry, History, Occurrence, Manufacture, & Facts | Britannica.com
Salt | Chemistry, History, Occurrence, Manufacture, & Facts | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Sea- Water Parks
Sea- Water Parks (visitsitia.gr)
EWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SEA WATER
EWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SEA WATER (ewg.org)
Hurricane Irma photos, Puerto Rico
Hurricane Irma photos, Puerto Rico (cbsnews.com)