Seawater. Medical search

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A family of marine mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, commonly known as oysters. They have a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.

A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

A family in the order Rhodobacterales, class ALPHAPROTEOBACTERIA.

Family of small, surface-dwelling fish that inhabit fresh and brackish waters, and coastal marine areas.

A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.

A family of bacteria in the order Sphingobacteriales, class Sphingobacteria. They are gram-negative rods, mostly saprophytic in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).

The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.

The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)

A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae (CICHLIDS) inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.

Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Flagellate EUKARYOTES, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterized by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. Dinoflagellida were formerly members of the class Phytomastigophorea under the old five kingdom paradigm.

A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA.

A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.

Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.

Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.

A family of marine, gram-negative PROTEOBACTERIA including the genera ALTEROMONAS; Colwellia; Idiomarina; MARINOBACTER; MORITELLA; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS; and SHEWANELLA.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

Infections with bacteria of the genus VIBRIO.

Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made surfaces.

An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An infraorder of chiefly marine, largely carnivorous CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA, including the genera Cancer, Uca, and Callinectes.

Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Pollutants, present in water or bodies of water, which exhibit radioactivity.

A species of halophilic bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which lives in warm SEAWATER. It can cause infections in those who eat raw contaminated seafood or have open wounds exposed to seawater.

Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.

Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE. Tenacibaculum adheres to surfaces of marine organisms and is pathogenic to fish.

The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

A phylum of bacteria comprised of three classes: Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria.

A genus of GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA of marine origin. Many species were formerly classified under ALTEROMONAS.

A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of marine mussels in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. The species MYTILUS EDULIS is the highly edible common mussel.

Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.

Sulfur compounds in which the sulfur atom is attached to three organic radicals and an electronegative element or radical.

A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.

The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, frequenting the coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and Pacific. They are known for their gameness as a sport fish and for the quality of their flesh as a table fish. (Webster, 3d ed).

A phylum of small sessile aquatic animals living as small tufted colonies. Some appear like hydroids or corals, but their internal structure is more advanced. Most bryozoans are matlike, forming thin encrustations on rocks, shells, or kelp. (Storer & Stebbins, General Zoology, 6th ed, p443)

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

Small oviparous fishes in the family Cyprinodontidae, usually striped or barred black. They are much used in mosquito control.

Organisms that live in water.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.

Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.

A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in SOIL; HUMUS; and FRESHWATER and marine habitats.

The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.

The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.

The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)

A class of marine annelids including sandworms, tube worms, clamworms, and fire worms. It includes also the genus Myxicola infundibulum.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Hot springs on the ocean floor. They are commonly found near volcanically active places such as mid-oceanic ridges.

A primitive form of digestive gland found in marine ARTHROPODS, that contains cells similar to those found in the mammalian liver (HEPATOCYTES), and the PANCREAS.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.

Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).

The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the natural environment (soil, water, and plant surfaces) or as an opportunistic human pathogen.

The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.

A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Arbaciidae. They have only one spheridium (stalked body) per ambulacral area (contains tube feet); most sea urchins have several spheridia per area.

A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Members of this genus are found in coastal waters and the open ocean. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

The common name for the phylum of microscopic unicellular STRAMENOPILES. Most are aquatic, being found in fresh, brackish, and salt water. Diatoms are noted for the symmetry and sculpturing of their siliceous cell walls. They account for 40% of PHYTOPLANKTON, but not all diatoms are planktonic.

Marine vibrios associated with superficial septic lesions. (1/4531)

Three cases are reported in which a marine vibrio, Vibrio alginolyticus, was isolated from superficial septic lesions. All cases had been exposed to sea-water. The possible significane of these findings and the need for further investigations are discussed. (+info)

Growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus and its possible use as a microbiological agent for red tide control. (2/4531)

The growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus clone 01 (HaV01) were examined by performing a one-step growth experiment. The virus had a latent period of 30 to 33 h and a burst size of 7.7 x 10(2) lysis-causing units in an infected cell. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the virus particles formed on the peripheries of viroplasms, as observed in a natural H. akashiwo cell. Inoculation of HaV01 into a mixed algal culture containing four phytoplankton species, H. akashiwo H93616, Chattonella antiqua (a member of the family Raphidophyceae), Heterocapsa triquetra (a member of the family Dinophyceae), and Ditylum brightwellii (a member of the family Bacillariophyceae), resulted in selective growth inhibition of H. akashiwo. Inoculation of HaV01 and H. akashiwo H93616 into a natural seawater sample produced similar results. However, a natural H. akashiwo red tide sample did not exhibit any conspicuous sensitivity to HaV01, presumably because of the great diversity of the host species with respect to virus infection. The growth characteristics of the lytic virus infecting the noxious harmful algal bloom-causing alga were considered, and the possibility of using this virus as a microbiological agent against H. akashiwo red tides is discussed. (+info)

Effects of salinity and temperature on long-term survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E). (3/4531)

Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E) is a primary eel pathogen. In this study, we performed long-term survival experiments to investigate whether the aquatic ecosystem can be a reservoir for this bacterium. We have used microcosms containing water of different salinities (ranging from 0.3 to 3.8%) maintained at three temperatures (12, 25, and 30 degrees C). Temperature and salinity significantly affected long-term survival: (i) the optimal salinity for survival was 1.5%; (ii) lower salinities reduced survival, although they were nonlethal; and (ii) the optimal temperature for survival was dependent on the salinity (25 degrees C for microcosms at 0.3 and 0.5% and 12 degrees C for microcosms at 1.5 to 3.8%). In the absence of salts, culturability dropped to zero in a few days, without evidence of cellular lysis. Under optimal conditions of salinity and temperature, the bacterium was able to survive in the free-living form for at least 3 years. The presence of a capsule on the bacterial cell seemed to confer an advantage, since the long-term survival rate of opaque variants was significantly higher than that of translucent ones. Long-term-starved cells maintained their infectivity for eels (as determined by both intraperitoneal and immersion challenges) and mice. Examination under the microscope showed that (i) the capsule was maintained, (ii) the cell size decreased, (iii) the rod shape changed to coccuslike along the time of starvation, and (iv) membrane vesicles and extracellular material were occasionally produced. In conclusion, V. vulnificus biotype 2 follows a survival strategy similar to that of biotype 1 of this species in response to starvation conditions in water. Moreover, the aquatic ecosystem is one of its reservoirs. (+info)

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from aquatic habitats in Taiwan. (4/4531)

The existence of strains of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E that are avirulent for eels is reported in this work. These isolates were recovered from water and oysters and differed from eel virulent strains in (i) fermentation and utilization of mannitol, (ii) ribotyping after HindIII digestion, and (iii) susceptibility to eel serum. Lipopolysaccharide of these strains lacked the highest molecular weight immunoreactive bands, which are probably involved in serum resistance. (+info)

Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. (5/4531)

The minute photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorococcus, which was discovered about 10 years ago, has proven exceptional from several standpoints. Its tiny size (0.5 to 0.7 microm in diameter) makes it the smallest known photosynthetic organism. Its ubiquity within the 40 degrees S to 40 degrees N latitudinal band of oceans and its occurrence at high density from the surface down to depths of 200 m make it presumably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. Prochlorococcus typically divides once a day in the subsurface layer of oligotrophic areas, where it dominates the photosynthetic biomass. It also possesses a remarkable pigment complement which includes divinyl derivatives of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b, the so-called Chl a2 and Chl b2, and, in some strains, small amounts of a new type of phycoerythrin. Phylogenetically, Prochlorococcus has also proven fascinating. Recent studies suggest that it evolved from an ancestral cyanobacterium by reducing its cell and genome sizes and by recruiting a protein originally synthesized under conditions of iron depletion to build a reduced antenna system as a replacement for large phycobilisomes. Environmental constraints clearly played a predominant role in Prochlorococcus evolution. Its tiny size is an advantage for its adaptation to nutrient-deprived environments. Furthermore, genetically distinct ecotypes, with different antenna systems and ecophysiological characteristics, are present at depth and in surface waters. This vertical species variation has allowed Prochlorococcus to adapt to the natural light gradient occurring in the upper layer of oceans. The present review critically assesses the basic knowledge acquired about Prochlorococcus both in the ocean and in the laboratory. (+info)

Different prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected by ELISA in Alaskan chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha spawned from freshwater and seawater. (6/4531)

Soluble antigen of Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) was detected by a polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at significantly higher prevalences in adult chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that matured in freshwater than in the same cohort of fish spawned after maturation in seawater. The cumulative results were consistent during 4 yr of comparison at the Little Port Walter Hatchery on Baranof Island, Alaska, USA. Possible causes for this difference are discussed. Maturation of chinook salmon broodstock in seawater has become a practical strategy at this hatchery to reduce the prevalence of Rs-positive parent fish and the numbers of culled eggs. (+info)

Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. (7/4531)

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches. (+info)

Combined microautoradiography-16S rRNA probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell types in situ. (8/4531)

We propose a novel method for studying the function of specific microbial groups in situ. Since natural microbial communities are dynamic both in composition and in activities, we argue that the microbial "black box" should not be regarded as homogeneous. Our technique breaks down this black box with group-specific fluorescent 16S rRNA probes and simultaneously determines 3H-substrate uptake by each of the subgroups present via microautoradiography (MAR). Total direct counting, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and MAR are combined on a single slide to determine (i) the percentages of different subgroups in a community, (ii) the percentage of total cells in a community that take up a radioactively labeled substance, and (iii) the distribution of uptake within each subgroup. The method was verified with pure cultures. In addition, in situ uptake by members of the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (alpha-Proteobacteria) and of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group obtained off the California coast and labeled with fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for these subgroups showed that not only do these organisms account for a large portion of the picoplankton community in the sample examined ( approximately 60% of the universal probe-labeled cells and approximately 50% of the total direct counts), but they also are significant in the uptake of dissolved amino acids in situ. Nearly 90% of the total cells and 80% of the cells belonging to the alpha-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium groups were detectable as active organisms in amino acid uptake tests. We suggest a name for our triple-labeling technique, substrate-tracking autoradiographic fluorescent in situ hybridization (STARFISH), which should aid in the "dissection" of microbial communities by type and function. (+info)

Watering Tomato Plants With Diluted Seawater Boosts Levels Of AntioxidantsWatering tomato plants with diluted seawater boosts ... This Seawater Is 20,000 Years Old, and Has Remained Untouched Since the Last Ice Age. 05/27/2019 5:50:07 AM PDT · by BenLurkin ... Can making seawater drinkable quench the worlds thirst?. 10/13/2015 6:36:11 AM PDT · by moose07 · 26 replies BBC ^ , 13 ... Antarctic sea water shows no sign of warming. 01/12/2010 10:06:41 AM PST · by Signalman · 3 replies · 483+ views The ...

http://freerepublic.com/tag/seawater/index

SEA-WATER INJECTIONS. Br Med J 1911; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.2651.1038 (Published 21 October 1911) Cite this as: ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/2/2651/1038.1

A new company is claiming to have solved the problem of hydrogen production from seawater, but offers little in the way of ...

https://www.extremetech.com/tag/seawater

... Experts weigh in on whats holding desalination back. ... This method wastes much less energy than earlier desalination techniques, such as heating seawater and harvesting fresh water ...

https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/08/110804-fresh-water-crisis-desalination-environment-science/?beta=true

Collecting Sea Water Samples Photo , 14 September, 2011 zoom May 2011. Supported by the Rainbow Warrior, Greenpeace experts ...

https://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/multimedia/slideshows/Greenpeace-40-Years/Collecting-Sea-Water-Samples/?page=453

sea water. SC refuses to stop fuel loading in Kundankulam plant. September 13th, 2012 - 5:01 pm ICT by IANS. New Delhi, Sep 13 ... Sea water off Kukushima has high level of radioactive iodine. March 24th, 2011 - 5:20 pm ICT by IANS. Moscow, March 24 (IANS/ ... Radioactive iodine 4,385 times legal limit found in sea water near Fukushima nuke plant. March 31st, 2011 - 6:56 pm ICT by ANI ... Radioactive iodine 3,355 times legal limit found in sea water near Fukushima nuke plant. March 30th, 2011 - 4:46 pm ICT by ANI ...

http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/tag/sea-water

Sea water and cameras dont mix. The Wonder List with Bill Weir. The Wonder Lists Philip Bloom was looking for endangered ... Sea water and cameras dont mix. The Wonder Lists Philip Bloom was looking for endangered wildlife in Galapagos when he ...

http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2015/03/05/wonder-list-behind-the-shot-galapagos.cnn

Nuclear fuel made with uranium extracted from seawater would make nuclear power as renewable as solar, hydro and wind. ... Department of Energy laboratories have put removing uranium from seawater within economic reach. ... The hurdle is making it economic to extract uranium from seawater, because the amount of uranium in seawater is truly ... Its not just that the 4 billion tons of uranium in seawater now would fuel a thousand 1,000-MW nuclear power plants for a ...

https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2016/07/01/uranium-seawater-extraction-makes-nuclear-power-completely-renewable/?sh=3458adad159a

... using acrylic fibers to extract it from seawater. Matthew Stock reports.} ... Scientists extract uranium powder from seawater. Tuesday, August 14, 2018 - 01:49 ... Scientists extract uranium powder from seawater. Tuesday, August 14, 2018 - 01:49 ... using acrylic fibers to extract it from seawater. Matthew Stock reports. ...

https://www.reuters.com/video/2018/08/14/scientists-extract-uranium-powder-from-s?videoId=454530490&feedType=VideoRSS&feedName=Technology&videoChannel=6&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2FUSVideoTechnology+%28Video+%2F+US+%2F+Technology%29

Artificial sea-water 1 100 98Artificial sea-water 2 99 99Natural sea-water 100 98Control (a) 95 0 ... The artificial sea-water according to the present invention, when compared with these conventional artificial sea-waters, is ... A fundamental artificial sea-water with composition close to the aforementioned major elemental composition of the natural sea- ... As a result, as shown in Table 4, the three artificial sea-waters examined were equivalent to the natural sea-waters far as the ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5351651?dq=mezick

Sea Water is water obtained from the sea or from inland bodies of salt water. ...

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/723500-SEA_WATER/

... * 1. 1 SEA WATER AIR CONDITIONING IN THE CARIBBEAN Workshop March 6, 2017 Caribbean ... Sea Water Air Conditioning Technica... by Caribbean Develop... 833 views * Regional Cost-Reduction Strategy fo... by Caribbean ... 14 Sea Water Air Conditioning * 13.  Between 2014 CAF invested US$ 200,000 to perform, among other activities, a preliminary ... Deep seawater resources are a valuable natural resource in the Caribbean that can be used for energy generation, cooling, ...

https://www.slideshare.net/caribank/sea-water-air-conditioning-in-the-caribbean

The temperature of the seawater around Antarctica is rising according to new University of East Anglia research. New findings ... Antarctic seawater temperatures rising. University of East Anglia. Journal. Science. Funder. Natural Environment Research ... The temperature of the seawater around Antarctica is rising according to new research from the University of East Anglia. ... There are other implications of higher seawater temperatures around Antarctica. Ocean biodiversity could also be affected - for ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/uoea-ast120314.php

Sea water pumps pollutants into coastal aquifers. 17 May 2003 By Nicola Jones ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17823952-800-sea-water-pumps-pollutants-into-coastal-aquifers/

By now, my mother has been pulled to the topof many small waves, carried in the curve that curlsover, onto itself, and unknots,again, into the liquid plain,as her ions had been gathered from appearancesand concepts. And her dividend,her irreducible, like violetdown, thrown to the seals, starfish,wolf spiders

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/10/her-birthday-as-ashes-in-seawater

I live in mexico city (almost 20 million of people live here) the problem of water is so big, seawater desalination is not the ... Water removed from the air will not impact the environment as the use of sea water or tap water will, since the contaminants ... Ocean desalination-a process that converts seawater into drinking water-is being hailed as the solution to water supply ...

https://www.care2.com/greenliving/seawater-desalination-solution-or-problem.html

In this article: green, hydrogen, hydrogen fuel, renewable energy, saltwater, seawater, stanford university, tomorrow ... Scientists can turn regular seawater into hydrogen fuel. The ocean may soon be a valuable source of renewable energy. ... What happens without the nickel coating? The water-splitting device lasts roughly 12 hours, unable to withstand seawater ...

https://www.engadget.com/2019/03/18/scientists-can-turn-regular-seawater-into-hydrogen-fuel/?utm_campaign=fullarticle&

Medical use of sea water in Nicaragua". Drinking Sea Water. ISBN 979-8666741658. "Medical use of sea water in Nicaragua". ... Seawater pH is limited to the range 7.5 to 8.4. The speed of sound in seawater is about 1,500 m/s (whereas speed of sound is ... Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the worlds oceans has a salinity of about 3.5 ... Brines generated by seawater desalination plants can have salinities up to 120 g/kg. The density of typical seawater brine of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater

South Korea plans to meet demand for lithium batteries in electronics by extracting the rare metal from seawater, according to ... South Korea plans to extract lithium from seawater. South Korea plans to meet demand for lithium batteries in electronics by ... As electronics proliferate around the world, South Korea plans to meet demand by extracting lithium from seawater, according to ... the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources has developed technology to draw lithium from sea water, the second ...

https://www.zdnet.com/article/south-korea-plans-to-extract-lithium-from-seawater/

Chennai has this vast coastline and implementing a sea water desalination system like in Israel would help provide a long term ...

https://www.change.org/p/indian-government-chennai-water-problem-sea-water-desalination-3d167ef3-65e5-4d20-b084-64da253cf0c9

The Microsoft founder recently announced plans to invest $300,000 in research into machines that suck up seawater and spray it ... Part of that research included lab tests on machines that suck up seawater and spray it into the air, seeding white clouds that ... Part of that research included lab tests on machines that suck up seawater and spray it into the air, seeding white clouds that ... Part of that research included lab tests on machines that suck up seawater and spray it into the air, seeding white clouds that ...

https://inhabitat.com/bill-gates-announces-funding-for-seawater-spraying-cloud-machines/

But now that the basic recipe is figured out for electrolysis with seawater, the new method will open doors for increasing the ... Dai and his team wanted to find a way to stop those seawater components from breaking down the submerged anodes. ... Without the negatively charged coating, the anode only works for around 12 hours in seawater, according to Michael Kenney, a ... Stanford researchers create hydrogen fuel from seawater. Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen presents an alternative to ...

https://news.stanford.edu/press/view/26790

... the door of Americas new largest seawater desalination plant opened to journalists, elected officials and the public. ... Revealed: Largest Seawater Desalination Plant in America. Michelle Moons/Breitbart News. Michelle Moons. 15 Dec 2015. Carlsbad ... The brine portion left over at the plant is diluted with more seawater to achieve what has been deemed an acceptable level of ... From each two gallons of seawater, one gallon of drinking water and one gallon of highly concentrated salt water or "brine" is ...

https://www.breitbart.com/local/2015/12/15/revealed-largest-seawater-desalination-plant-america/

Hydrolysis of explosives in sea water. *Authors. *Authors and affiliations. *John C. Hoffsommer ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01685876

Seawater Desalination Systems by Fluence Corporation. With a series of standardized units for pretreatment filtration and ... seawater desalination system pump station remote monitoring desalination system seawater desalination reverse osmosis water ... No reviews were found for NIROFLEX - Seawater Desalination Systems. Be the first to review! ... water experts have designed a family of pre-engineered building blocks that can be assembled into cost-effective seawater ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/products/niroflex-seawater-desalination-systems-694876

December 24th 2015 , International Solidarity Movement, Gaza Team , Gaza, occupied Palestine During recent months the subsidence of the land along the Egyptian border have become a great danger for the population of Rafah. This is due .... Read More » ...

https://palsolidarity.org/tag/seawater-pipelines/

We are manufacturers of desalination units for seawater, brackish, hard water,... Our products line includes complete plants ... seawater desalination reverse osmosis plant seawater desalination unit desalination seawater reverse osmosis reverse osmosis ... Natural Seawater Desalination is a new process imitating the natural process for generating pure rain water from sea water. ... By making a simple imitation of what the Lord did for seawater desalination we will be able to get PURE WATER FROM SEAWATER ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/companies/natural-seawater-desalination-ltd-96407

The seawater greenhouse evaporates 50 m3 of seawater and harvests 5 m3 of fresh water per hectare per day. The solar power ... The Seawater Greenhouse Ltd The seawater greenhouse concept was first researched and developed in 1991 by Charlie Patons ... A simple seawater greenhouse consists of two evaporative coolers (evaporators), a condenser, fans, seawater and distilled water ... "Low-cost, rugged and modular". Seawater Greenhouse Ltd. 2017. Retrieved 2020-12-16. "Low-cost, rugged and modular". Seawater ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater_greenhouse

... Summary (optional) Natural Resources Wales monitor sea water quality at designated bathing beaches ... Sea water quality test results from all the EC designated sites can be obtained from Natural Resources Wales. ... tool is livePrivate DrainsRadon Seawater Quality Monitoring ...

https://www.conwy.gov.uk/en/Resident/Environmental-problems/Seawater-Quality-Monitoring.aspx

Purchase CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes, Volume 65 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780444509468, ... CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes, Volume 65 1st Edition. 0 star rating Write a review ... The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate ... It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/co2-in-seawater-equilibrium-kinetics-isotopes/zeebe/978-0-444-50946-8

Now, thanks to new technologies, costs have been halved and huge desalination plants are opening around the world.The largest seawater desalination plant ever, Israel's Sorek plant near Tel Aviv, just ramped up to full production. (freerepublic.com)
CARLSBAD, CA - On Monday, the door of America's new largest seawater desalination plant opened to journalists, elected officials and the public with the lofty promise of helping to solve California's drought distress. (breitbart.com)
The Americas' largest seawater desalination plant in Carlsbad, Calif., will help determine the future of seawater desalination in the US. (csmonitor.com)
CARLSBAD, Calif. - There's far more riding on the Americas' largest seawater desalination plant than the 50 million gallons of drinking water it will produce for the San Diego area each day. (csmonitor.com)

Once the water is cleared of an acceptable level of impurities it is run through the highly technical "reverse osmosis" process to remove salt from the seawater. (breitbart.com)
As most of the plants for seawater desalination are relying on reverse osmosis, and they are dumping all separated salts back into the seas, consequently the salinity of seas increased dramatically. (environmental-expert.com)
A worker climbs stairs among some of the 2,000 pressure vessels that will be used to convert seawater into fresh water through reverse osmosis in the western hemisphere's largest desalination plant in Carlsbad, Calif. (csmonitor.com)
Current desal methods - which either employ reverse osmosis to push high-pressure seawater through salt-extracting membranes, or electrodialysis to pull ions out of water using electricity - require a great deal of power. (popsci.com)
Poseidon's reverse osmosis system isn't the only option for seawater desalination. (fastcompany.com)
Diluting seawater makes our feed for reverse osmosis very energy efficient, why? (thenakedscientists.com)
So if you have diluted seawater, which is something equivalent to brackish water, let's say, then the energy required for reverse osmosis is much, much, less. (thenakedscientists.com)

Gary Gill, deputy director of PNNL's Coastal Sciences Division who coordinated the marine testing, noted, "Understanding how the adsorbents perform under natural seawater conditions is critical to reliably assessing how well the uranium adsorbent materials work. (forbes.com)
This marine testing shows that these new fibers had the capacity to hold 6 grams of uranium per kilogram of adsorbent in only about 50 days in natural seawater. (forbes.com)
However, there are situations in which the collection of the natural sea-water is disturbed due to rough weather or in which it is difficult to obtain the natural seawater due to the remoteness of the location form the sea. (google.com)
Natural Seawater Desalination is a new process imitating the natural process for generating pure rain water from sea water. (environmental-expert.com)
The effects of various alkaline conditioning parameters such as the type of alkaline reagent, reaction temperature, and reaction time were investigated with respect to uranium adsorption capacity from simulated seawater (spiked with 8 ppm uranium) and natural seawater (from Sequim Bay, WA). (osti.gov)
NasalAsalt All-Natural Seawater (spray) Nasal and Sinus Health, Inc. (drugs.com)

When there is a drought, local officials and enterprises all come to see us and say, 'We want to desalinate seawater,'" says Wang Zhi, director of the Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology at Tianjin University. (technologyreview.com)
TNO had earlier developed a method, the Memstill® technology, to desalinate seawater using membranes and extract pure drinking water from it. (tno.nl)

Saadeh, M. and Wakim, E. (2017) Deterioration of Groundwater in Beirut Due to Seawater Intrusion. (scirp.org)

Historically, several salinity scales were used to approximate the absolute salinity of seawater. (wikipedia.org)
Red Sea's Seawater Refractometer offers exceptional accuracy, for measuring the absolute salinity of seawater at a temperature of 25C/77F Most refract. (thatpetplace.com)
Red Sea's Seawater Refractometer offers exceptional accuracy, for measuring the absolute salinity of seawater at a temperature of 25C/77F Most refractometers used within the aquarium hobby are not specifically designed for reef aquariums and use an algorithm for the measurement of brine (NaCl - rather than seawater) and at a temperature of 15C/59F rather than 25C/77F. (thatpetplace.com)

Situated on Montauk's most pristine stretch of oceanfront real estate, Gurney's Montauk Resort & Seawater Spa is a Hampton's icon and the only four-season resort in Montauk. (redweek.com)
Gurney's Montauk Resort & Seawater Spas features 109 rooms, suites and beachfront cottages, each with dramatic ocean views. (redweek.com)
The rooms, suites, and cottages at Gurney's Montauk Resort & Seawater Spa deliver an unparalleled blend of upscale, residential sophistication and casual, beachside comfort. (redweek.com)
No rentals available for Gurney's Montauk Resort & Seawater Spa . (redweek.com)

Acidification occurs when oceans absorb more carbon dioxide from the air, altering seawater chemistry. (kjrh.com)

The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation. (elsevier.com)
It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. (elsevier.com)
I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
Unfortunately, these natural sinks aren't equipped to handle the high levels of gases humans generate, and when oceans absorb a large amount of CO 2 -, the gas changes the chemistry of the seawater so that the natural weathering of rocks can't balance acidification. (howstuffworks.com)
A scientist who studies ocean species to develop adhesives is now looking at the changing chemistry of seawater to see how it may affect the ability of mussels to adhere to their surroundings. (nsf.gov)
Seawater chemistry is characterized by long phases of stability, which are interrupted by short intervals of rapid change,' says geoscientist Ulrich Wortmann of the University of Toronto, lead author of a paper reporting the results and published this week in the journal Science . (nsf.gov)
When India and Eurasia collided, it caused dissolution of ancient salt deposits, which resulted in drastic changes in seawater chemistry. (nsf.gov)
Abrupt changes in seawater composition are a new twist in our understanding of the links among ocean chemistry, plate tectonics, climate and evolution,' says Candace Major, program director in NSF's Division of Ocean Sciences. (nsf.gov)
While it's been known for a long time that gypsum deposits can be formed and destroyed rapidly, the effect of these processes on seawater chemistry has been overlooked,' says Wortmann. (nsf.gov)
Space shuttle view of Earth's 'gypsum belt,' which likely changed seawater chemistry. (nsf.gov)

Scientists, including those from Northeastern University in the U.S., developed carbon nanotube pores that can exclude salt from seawater. (freerepublic.com)
Scientists say they have created five grams of yellowcake - a powdered form of uranium used to produce fuel for nuclear power production - using acrylic fibers to extract it from seawater. (reuters.com)
Ever since an unusually warm mass of seawater began spreading along the Pacific Coast of North America a year ago - wreaking havoc on the marine food chain - scientists have struggled to explain its presence. (latimes.com)
Seawater includes uranium in low concentrations but great quantities, and many scientists see it as a key to meeting the world's future energy needs through nuclear power. (csmonitor.com)
Scientists have tried to extract uranium from seawater since the 1960s, Rogers noted. (csmonitor.com)
Scientists have long known that uranium dissolved in seawater combines chemically with oxygen to form uranyl ions with a positive charge. (stanford.edu)
To counteract the overwhelmed oceans, scientists are proposing adding lime to seawater to boost the sink's efficiency. (howstuffworks.com)
Washington (AFP) - The US Navy believes it has finally worked out the solution to a problem that has intrigued scientists for decades: how to take seawater and use it as fuel. (rexresearch.com)
The scientists have developed four scenarios that describe how the seawater levels will change on a regional scale within 100 years. (smhi.se)
Over a 10-year period, NOAA scientists have collected 72,000 seawater samples, and their data show that the ocean is becoming more acidic because of climate change . (si.edu)

They found that seawater sulfate reflects huge changes in the accumulation and weathering of gypsum, which is the mineral form of hydrated calcium sulfate. (nsf.gov)
Researchers have found that seawater can replace freshwater to produce the sustainable fuel Bioethanol, reducing the need to drain precious resources. (nottingham.ac.uk)

The hurdle is making it economic to extract uranium from seawater, because the amount of uranium in seawater is truly inexhaustible. (forbes.com)
It's not just that the 4 billion tons of uranium in seawater now would fuel a thousand 1,000-MW nuclear power plants for a 100,000 years. (forbes.com)
December 17, 2015 - An ultra-high-resolution technique used for the first time to study polymer fibers that trap uranium in seawater may cause researchers to rethink the best methods to harvest this potential fuel for nuclear reactors. (ornl.gov)

A new company is claiming to have solved the problem of hydrogen production from seawater, but offers little in the way of concrete evidence. (extremetech.com)

This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na+ ) and chloride (Cl− ) ions). (wikipedia.org)
Seawater contains more dissolved ions than all types of freshwater. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, although seawater contains about 2.8 times more bicarbonate than river water, the percentage of bicarbonate in seawater as a ratio of all dissolved ions is far lower than in river water. (wikipedia.org)
Bicarbonate ions constitute 48% of river water solutes but only 0.14% for seawater. (wikipedia.org)
The most abundant dissolved ions in seawater are sodium, chloride, magnesium, sulfate and calcium. (wikipedia.org)
Extracting these uranyl ions involves dipping plastic fibers containing a compound called amidoxime into seawater. (stanford.edu)
In the new paper, the researchers show that in the presence of alkali metal ions such as sodium -- for example, in seawater -- these clusters are stable enough to persist in solution or as small particles even when the oxidizing agent is removed. (eponline.com)

fibers able to economically extract uranium from seawater. (forbes.com)
Trace amounts of uranium exist in seawater, but efforts to extract that critical ingredient for nuclear power have produced insufficient quantities to make it a viable source for those countries that lack uranium mines. (stanford.edu)
Even as researchers work to improve reactor safety and solve the waste disposal issues, he believes that a practical way to extract uranium from seawater is needed to reduce the energy insecurity of nations that depend on nuclear power but lack uranium within their own borders. (stanford.edu)
US experts have found out how to extract carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas from seawater. (rexresearch.com)

The machines, developed by a San Francisco-based research group called Silver Lining, turn seawater into tiny particles that can be shot up over 3,000 feet in the air. (inhabitat.com)
In the end, they decided to build a desalination facility to turn seawater into drinking water. (npr.org)

The system uses seawater and solar energy. (wikipedia.org)
The overall process could be significantly less expensive and more efficient than any conventional magnesium extraction method available today and uses seawater as an abundant, free resource. (energy.gov)

A seawater greenhouse is a greenhouse structure that enables the growth of crops and the production of fresh water in arid regions which constitute about one third of the earth's land area. (wikipedia.org)
A Stanford-led team has now developed a way to harness seawater - Earth's most abundant source - for chemical energy. (stanford.edu)
Despite the planet being made up of 70 percent water, almost all of this water is seawater (Seawater makes up 97.3 percent of the Earth's water) and people cannot drink water from the sea. (digitaljournal.com)
Desalination - the process of obtaining freshwater from the earth's vast reserves of seawater - is the obvious answer. (outokumpu.com)

Seawater tends to corrode water-splitting systems. (engadget.com)
But negatively charged chloride in seawater salt can corrode the positive end, limiting the system's lifespan. (stanford.edu)
But Navrotsky and others have since discovered a new way in which seawater can corrode nuclear fuel, forming uranium compounds that could potentially travel long distances, either in solution or as very small particles. (eponline.com)

But now that the basic recipe is figured out for electrolysis with seawater, the new method will open doors for increasing the availability of hydrogen fuel powered by solar or wind energy. (stanford.edu)

Could Seawater Solve the Freshwater Crisis? (nationalgeographic.com)
The third pilot seawater greenhouse, which is 864 m2, is near Muscat in Oman which produces 0.3 to 0.6 m3 of freshwater per day. (wikipedia.org)
A seawater greenhouse uses the surrounding environment to grow temperate crops and produce freshwater. (wikipedia.org)
Desalination plant means we are making freshwater from seawater and here, as you can see, we are in front of red sea water. (thenakedscientists.com)
Seawater is a freely available and plentiful resource, and contains a spectrum of minerals, some of which have to be added to freshwater. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The fermentation process using seawater also produces salt and freshwater as bi-products adding to economic benefits of the process. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The encroaching seawater will encounter an area known as the zone of dispersion, where the freshwater and seawater mix and form a broad interface. (scirp.org)

Researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory exposed this special uranium-sorbing fiber developed at ORNL to Pseudomonas fluorescens and used the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory to create a 3-D X-ray microtomograph to determine microstructure and the effects of interactions with organisms and seawater. (forbes.com)
Specifically, this latest technology builds on work by researchers in Japan and uses polyethylene fibers coated with amidoxime to pull in and bind uranium dioxide from seawater (see figure above). (forbes.com)
But researchers at Penn State think they've solved the problem by creating a process that cleans wastewater while generating electricity, simultaneously removing 90 percent of salt from seawater. (popsci.com)
In an effort to better understand those cycles, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Natural Sciences David Johnston, Ph.D. student Andrew Masterson, and research assistant Erin Beirne worked with colleagues to develop a tool to measure levels of seawater sulfate in situ , giving researchers a clearer picture of how much sulfur cycling is taking place in oxygen minimum zones. (harvard.edu)
To make the discovery, the researchers combined past seawater sulfur composition data collected by Paytan with Wortmann's recent discovery of the strong link between marine sulfate concentrations and carbon and phosphorus cycling. (nsf.gov)
The study - ' The establishment of a marine focused biorefinery for bioethanol production using seawater and a novel marine yeast strain ' - has been published in Scientific Reports and was carried out by researchers at the University of Nottingham. (nottingham.ac.uk)

On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/l, 35 ppt, 599 mM). (wikipedia.org)
At typical salinity, it freezes at about −2 °C (28 °F). The coldest seawater still in the liquid state ever recorded was found in 2010, in a stream under an Antarctic glacier: the measured temperature was −2.6 °C (27.3 °F). Seawater pH is typically limited to a range between 7.5 and 8.4. (wikipedia.org)
Although the vast majority of seawater has a salinity of between 31 g/kg and 38 g/kg, that is 3.1-3.8%, seawater is not uniformly saline throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
The density of surface seawater ranges from about 1020 to 1029 kg/m3, depending on the temperature and salinity. (wikipedia.org)
At a temperature of 25 °C, salinity of 35 g/kg and 1 atm pressure, the density of seawater is 1023.6 kg/m3. (wikipedia.org)
The density of seawater also changes with salinity. (wikipedia.org)
The density of typical seawater brine of 120 g/kg salinity at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure is 1088 kg/m3. (wikipedia.org)
The speed of sound in seawater is about 1,500 m/s (whereas speed of sound is usually around 330 m/s in air at roughly 101.3kPa pressure, 1 atmosphere), and varies with water temperature, salinity, and pressure. (wikipedia.org)
The thermal conductivity of seawater is 0.6 W/mK at 25 °C and a salinity of 35 g/kg. (wikipedia.org)
1) Seawater is indeed about the same salinity as 2 tablespoons of salt per quart. (thenakedscientists.com)

This edition of the Industrial Bioprocessing TOE features trends and innovations in production of bioplastic for packaging applications and seawater fermentation process enabling to reduce water footprint in bioethanol production. (frost.com)
Marine fermentation is the approach where seawater,marine biomass and marine microorganisms are used in the fermentation process. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Despite the low concentration of uranium and the presence of many other metals extracted from seawater, we were able to investigate the local atomic environment around uranium and better understand how it is bound by the polymer fibers," Abney said. (ornl.gov)
Surprisingly, the spectrum for the seawater-contacted polymer fibers was distinctly different from what was expected based on small molecule and computational investigations. (ornl.gov)

This illustrative video shows the seawater desalination process in action. (rgj.com)

In seawater, amidoxime attracts and binds uranium dioxide to the surface of the fiber braids, which can be on the order of 15 centimeters in diameter and run multiple meters in length depending on where they are deployed (see figure below). (forbes.com)
Postdoctoral scholar Chong Liu examines a carbon-amidoxime electrode as part of research to improve extraction of uranium from seawater. (stanford.edu)
What's more, the electrified fiber captured three times as much uranyl during an 11-hour test using seawater from Half Moon Bay, about an hour from Stanford, and had three times the useful lifespan of the standard amidoxime. (stanford.edu)
Alkaline conditioning of the amidoxime based adsorbents is a significant step in the preparation of the adsorbent for uranium uptake from seawater. (osti.gov)

Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. (wikipedia.org)
The freezing point of seawater decreases as salt concentration increases. (wikipedia.org)
From each two gallons of seawater, one gallon of drinking water and one gallon of highly concentrated salt water or "brine" is produced. (breitbart.com)
This is because seawater contains salt. (digitaljournal.com)
When humans drink seawater the body cells are take in water and salt, with the salt at a very high concentration and this level of sodium would be deadly if it was consumed regularly. (digitaljournal.com)
This means that to get rid of all the excess salt taken in by drinking seawater the kidneys would need to take existing water from the body. (digitaljournal.com)
Provided the holes are less-than-one-nanometre in size, seawater can pass through and salt are retained, producing clean water . (digitaljournal.com)
Today's methods are energy intensive and expensive because the magnesium concentration in seawater is so low that significant energy is needed to evaporate off water and precipitate magnesium chloride salt. (energy.gov)
Each seawater has it's own osmotic pressure depending on the concentration of salt. (thenakedscientists.com)
How much salt in seawater? (thenakedscientists.com)
What would the correct proportions of salt to water be to get that seawater -21 C freezing temperature? (thenakedscientists.com)

Apparatus for seawater acidification including an ion exchange, cathode and anode electrode compartments and cation-permeable membranes that separate the electrode compartments from the ion exchange compartment. (rexresearch.com)

Can making seawater drinkable quench the world's thirst? (freerepublic.com)

Their results showed that seawater can be used in Bioethanol production along with a new strain of marine based yeast. (nottingham.ac.uk)

The Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Tuesday announced that it has developed the world s first next generation seawater distillation technology that allows consumable water to be produced in low temperatures and under low pressure, which increases energy efficiency and production capacity. (freerepublic.com)
Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water (density 1.0 kg/l at 4 °C (39 °F)) because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. (wikipedia.org)
This method wastes much less energy than earlier desalination techniques, such as heating seawater and harvesting fresh water from the steam. (nationalgeographic.com)
The seawater greenhouse evaporates 50 m3 of seawater and harvests 5 m3 of fresh water per hectare per day. (wikipedia.org)
A simple seawater greenhouse consists of two evaporative coolers (evaporators), a condenser, fans, seawater and distilled water pipes and crops in between the two evaporators. (wikipedia.org)
A SWAC system consists of a cold seawater supply pipe (intake), a pumping unit and heat exchanger (at the shoreline), and a closed loop with fresh water distribution to cover cooling needs of each building connected through a secondary heat exchanger. (slideshare.net)
Ocean desalination-a process that converts seawater into drinking water-is being hailed as the solution to water supply problems. (care2.com)
The water-splitting device lasts roughly 12 hours, unable to withstand seawater corrosion. (engadget.com)
To add to the company's array of desalination solutions , Fluence's water experts have designed a family of pre-engineered building blocks that can be assembled into cost-effective seawater desalination systems that match any water sourcing need. (environmental-expert.com)
This process does not consume any energy while separating pure water from seawater. (environmental-expert.com)
Santa Barbara has completed a $71 million reactivation of its seawater desalination plant to bolster its water supplies. (scpr.org)
Manchester - A graphene-based sieve has successfully turned seawater into drinking water. (digitaljournal.com)
The use of seawater for industrial cooling is a vital technology that poses some of the most profound environmental impact on the water quality in the Arabian Gulf. (scirp.org)
Will Turning Seawater Into Drinking Water Help Drought-Hit California? (npr.org)
In seawater, the slime deploys in less than a second entrapping large quantities of water by a well-timed thread skein unravelling and mucous gel swelling. (nature.com)
Seawater is water from a sea or ocean . (fact-index.com)
The site of a seawater desalination plant that could provide up to one-third of the water consumed by Beijing's households lies about 200 kilometers southeast of the parched Chinese capital. (technologyreview.com)
Indeed, the demand for seawater desalination grows and wanes as the levels of local surface water and groundwater fluctuate from year to year, putting future projects on hold. (technologyreview.com)
The rapid development of the entire seawater desalination industry in China will not happen unless most of the desalinated seawater can enter municipal water supplies," says Fan Zhifeng, senior engineer of the seawater desalination division at Shanghai Electric. (technologyreview.com)
For northern China, the South-North Water Diversion Project has made seawater desalination seem less urgent. (technologyreview.com)
Corpus Christi was one of the first cities where seawater desalination feasibility studies were conducted by the water development board in 2002. (rgj.com)
In a statement, the water development board said the funding would help the city continue development conducting planning tasks related to seawater desalination, such as plant site selection, source water characterization, and economic impact and cost modeling. (rgj.com)
building a brackish water desalination plant is usually cheaper than a seawater desalination plant because brackish water is generally cleaner and contains less total dissolved salts. (rgj.com)
The state later created a water plan that included seawater desalination as a water management strategy. (rgj.com)
It calls for seawater desalination to produce about 116,000 acre-feet of new water supply per year by 2070. (rgj.com)
So we need pressure to pressurise seawater much above 30 bars in order to get this fresh water from the other side. (thenakedscientists.com)
So we put waste water in one side of the membrane and on the other side we put our sea water, So according to what I explained, what will happen is the dirty water, which is the wastewater, will start moving towards the seawater but this membrane only allows clean water to pass. (thenakedscientists.com)
Normally, seawater intrusion occurs in unconfined and confined coastal aquifers whenever the water table or piezometric head is inadvertently lowered through excessive pumping. (scirp.org)
This can cause lateral intrusion (from the ocean due to excessive water withdrawals from coastal aquifers) as well as upcoming (from deeper seawater to pumping wells). (scirp.org)

The temperature of the seawater around Antarctica is rising according to new research from the University of East Anglia. (eurekalert.org)

Global Seawater Desalination Membrane Market 2016 Industry. (mynewsdesk.com)

Without the negatively charged coating, the anode only works for around 12 hours in seawater, according to Michael Kenney, a graduate student in the Dai lab and co-lead author on the paper. (stanford.edu)
Means is provided for feeding seawater through the ion exchange compartment and for feeding a dissociable liquid media through the anode and cathode electrode compartments. (rexresearch.com)
Fabrication and structure of the dual-layer NiFe/NiS x -Ni foam (Ni 3 ) anode for seawater splitting. (pnas.org)

And previous ideas, such as pumping the seawater past an adsorbent and genetically engineering seaweed to absorb uranium, have all stalled. (nextbigfuture.com)

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing a radically new process to produce magnesium from seawater. (energy.gov)

This means that for every 1 liter (1000mL) of seawater there are 35 grams of dissolved salts (mostly, but not entirely, sodium chloride ). (fact-index.com)

Hongjie Dai and his research lab at Stanford University have developed a prototype that can generate hydrogen fuel from seawater. (stanford.edu)
Previous studies attempting to split seawater for hydrogen fuel had run low amounts of electric current, because corrosion occurs at higher currents. (stanford.edu)
A prototype device used solar energy to create hydrogen fuel from seawater. (eurasiareview.com)

Dorner and colleagues found that using the usual cobalt-based catalyst on seawater-derived CO 2 produced almost entirely methane gas. (newscientist.com)

The findings, published March 18 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , demonstrate a new way of separating hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater via electricity. (stanford.edu)
But they also designed a solar-powered demonstration machine that produced hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater collected from San Francisco Bay. (stanford.edu)
The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , demonstrate a new way of separating hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater via electricity. (eurasiareview.com)
What we've developed is an isotope tool - what we can do is measure the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater sulfate in these regions, and use that as a measurement to assess how much cycling is going on. (harvard.edu)

New technological breakthroughs from DOE's Pacific Northwest (PNNL) and Oak Ridge (ORNL) national laboratories have made removing uranium from seawater within economic reach and the only question is - when will the source of uranium for our nuclear power plants change from mined ore to seawater extraction? (forbes.com)
A nice video of U extraction from seawater can be seen on the University of Tennessee Knoxville website . (forbes.com)
Seawater represents a virtually unlimited source of magnesium, which could supply worldwide demand for centuries given an economic and environmentally sound method for its extraction. (energy.gov)
Seawater extraction gives countries that don't have land-based uranium the security that comes from knowing they'll have the raw material to meet their energy needs. (stanford.edu)
Chu, a former U.S. secretary of energy who encouraged seawater extraction research before he left the Department of Energy (DOE) to return to Stanford, observed that nuclear power currently generates 20 percent of U.S. electricity and 13 percent worldwide. (stanford.edu)
Chu emphasized that research on seawater extraction has to proceed in parallel with reactor safety and waste disposal challenges. (stanford.edu)
Now, an electrochemical method using modified carbon electrodes is shown to be promising for the extraction of uranium from seawater. (osti.gov)
article{osti_1361344, title = {Uranium extraction: Fuel from seawater}, author = {Tsouris, Costas and Oak Ridge National Lab. (osti.gov)

It is currently a 20 hectare seawater greenhouse owned and run by Sundrop Farms which has developed it further. (wikipedia.org)
Sundrop Farms CEO Philipp Saumweber, a former investment banker, says the agriculture model as "innovative" in that it harnesses only seawater and sunlight. (greenprophet.com)

Chlorination of seawater has shown significant increase in total THMs (TTHMs) and in bromoform concentrations. (scirp.org)
To accurately analyze phytoplankton growth, the Vernet lab has nutrient technician Lindsey Ekern measure the concentrations of these nutrients from all seawater samples, which includes the experimental cultures in the light van, CTD casts, trace-metal-clean Niskin casts, towfish deployments, and samples collected by the ROV. (mbari.org)

Lebanon's groundwater is contaminated by myriad sources, but none rivals that of seawater intrusion when it comes to the coastal aquifers of Beirut. (scirp.org)
These concurrent tensors have led to seawater replacing fresh groundwater in many wells of Beirut. (scirp.org)

The brine portion left over at the plant is diluted with more seawater to achieve what has been deemed an acceptable level of concentration for seawater. (breitbart.com)

A new way of extracting uranium from seawater could help even countries without uranium mines harness nuclear power in the post-carbon energy future. (stanford.edu)
Abney and colleagues plan to use this knowledge to design adsorbents that can harness the vast reserves of uranium dissolved in seawater. (ornl.gov)

But Dai, Kenney and their colleagues were able to conduct up to 10 times more electricity through their multi-layer device, which helps it generate hydrogen from seawater at a faster rate. (stanford.edu)

Seawater is heated in a thermal process, flashed into steam in a series of evaporation chambers and then condensed. (outokumpu.com)

The new plant takes in seawater through a 72-inch pipeline to the tune of 100 million gallons a day. (breitbart.com)

Part of that research included lab tests on machines that suck up seawater and spray it into the air, seeding white clouds that reflect rays of sunlight away from Earth. (inhabitat.com)
In South Australia, sunlight + seawater = tomatoes. (technologyreview.com)

Nuclear fuel made with uranium extracted from seawater makes nuclear power completely renewable. (forbes.com)
Faced with global warming and potential oil shortages, the US navy is experimenting with making jet fuel from seawater. (newscientist.com)
Navy chemists have processed seawater into unsaturated short-chain hydrocarbons that with further refining could be made into kerosene-based jet fuel. (newscientist.com)
In order to ensure a sustainable reserve of fuel for nuclear power generation, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced sorbent materials for extracting uranium from seawater. (osti.gov)
Japan used seawater to cool nuclear fuel at the stricken Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear plant after the tsunami in March 2011 -- and that was probably the best action to take at the time, says Professor Alexandra Navrotsky of the University of California, Davis. (eponline.com)
In other words, these clusters could form on the surface of a fuel rod exposed to seawater and then be transported away, surviving in the environment for months or years before reverting to more common forms of uranium, without peroxide, and settling to the bottom of the ocean. (eponline.com)
The predicted cost of jet fuel using the technology is in the range of three to six dollars per gallon, say experts at the US Naval Research Laboratory, who have already flown a model airplane with fuel produced from seawater. (rexresearch.com)
For the first time we've been able to develop a technology to get CO2 and hydrogen from seawater simultaneously, that's a big breakthrough," she said, adding that the fuel "doesn't look or smell very different. (rexresearch.com)
Developing a game-changing technology like this, seawater to fuel, really is something that reinvents a lot of the way we can do business when you think about logistics, readiness. (rexresearch.com)
The latest "German" Submarines before the end of the war were using seawater and peroxide as fuel, and were as efficient as if not more than nuclear according to Vladamir Terzisky, the Bulgarian born Engineer. (rexresearch.com)

Monsoon), seawater can be substantially less saline. (wikipedia.org)

SHAH ALAM: There have been no reports of overflowing of seawater along the Selangor coastline due to the high tide phenomenon which occurred early yesterday. (thestar.com.my)
While Texas' 367-mile coastline offers promise for seawater desalination, there isn't such a facility here yet. (rgj.com)

In the end, the report includes Seawater Desalination Membrane new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, investment return analysis, and development trend analysis. (mynewsdesk.com)

Seeing a fairly direct correlation between seawater iron content and mussel adhesive performance provides us with ideas for designing new and robust synthetic materials," Wilker said. (nsf.gov)

The Songdo Central Park, located in the newly built city 30 kilometer west of Seoul, has begun filling its canal with 85,500 tons of seawater, Gale International Korea, co-developer of the city, said in an emailed statement yesterday. (koreaherald.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms48

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science2

Health Care12

Geographicals10

Marine vibrios associated with superficial septic lesions. (1/4531)

Growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus and its possible use as a microbiological agent for red tide control. (2/4531)

Effects of salinity and temperature on long-term survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E). (3/4531)

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from aquatic habitats in Taiwan. (4/4531)

Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. (5/4531)

Different prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected by ELISA in Alaskan chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha spawned from freshwater and seawater. (6/4531)

Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. (7/4531)

Combined microautoradiography-16S rRNA probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell types in situ. (8/4531)

No images available that match "seawater"

Seawater

Gills

Water Microbiology

Ostreidae

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Fresh Water

Marine Biology

DNA, Ribosomal

Phylogeny

Salinity

Vibrio

Oceans and Seas

Acclimatization

Gammaproteobacteria

Base Composition

Rhodobacteraceae

Fundulidae

Bivalvia

Flavobacteriaceae

Anthozoa

Anguilla

Pacific Ocean

Calcium Carbonate

DNA, Bacterial

Eels

Water-Electrolyte Balance

Alphaproteobacteria

Sodium Chloride

Salmo salar

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Aquaculture

Fish Diseases

Heterotrophic Processes

Antarctic Regions

Tilapia

Mediterranean Sea

Plankton

Fatty Acids

Shellfish

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Genes, rRNA

Molecular Sequence Data

Geologic Sediments

Bacteria

Water Pollution, Chemical

Water Pollution

Temperature

Dinoflagellida

Crassostrea

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Fishes

Aerobiosis

Pigments, Biological

Korea

Ecosystem

Decapodiformes

Coral Reefs

Alteromonadaceae

Petroleum

Vibrio Infections

Biofouling

Bays

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Brachyura

Fish Proteins

Eukaryota

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Carbonates

Water Pollutants, Radioactive

Vibrio vulnificus

Flounder

Quinones

Tenacibaculum

Porifera

Svalbard

Sewage

Bacteroidetes

Pseudoalteromonas

Mollusca

Filtration