The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
A family of marine mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, commonly known as oysters. They have a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle.
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.
A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.
A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).
Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.
A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.
The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.
A family in the order Rhodobacterales, class ALPHAPROTEOBACTERIA.
Family of small, surface-dwelling fish that inhabit fresh and brackish waters, and coastal marine areas.
A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.
A family of bacteria in the order Sphingobacteriales, class Sphingobacteria. They are gram-negative rods, mostly saprophytic in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.
Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.
The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.
A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.
A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.
A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).
The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.
The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)
A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae (CICHLIDS) inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.
Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.
Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.
Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Flagellate EUKARYOTES, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterized by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. Dinoflagellida were formerly members of the class Phytomastigophorea under the old five kingdom paradigm.
A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA.
A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis.
A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.
Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.
Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.
Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.
A family of marine, gram-negative PROTEOBACTERIA including the genera ALTEROMONAS; Colwellia; Idiomarina; MARINOBACTER; MORITELLA; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS; and SHEWANELLA.
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
Infections with bacteria of the genus VIBRIO.
Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made surfaces.
An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
An infraorder of chiefly marine, largely carnivorous CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA, including the genera Cancer, Uca, and Callinectes.
Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Pollutants, present in water or bodies of water, which exhibit radioactivity.
A species of halophilic bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which lives in warm SEAWATER. It can cause infections in those who eat raw contaminated seafood or have open wounds exposed to seawater.
Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.
Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE. Tenacibaculum adheres to surfaces of marine organisms and is pathogenic to fish.
The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.
Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.
A phylum of bacteria comprised of three classes: Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria.
A genus of GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA of marine origin. Many species were formerly classified under ALTEROMONAS.
A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.
A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A genus of marine mussels in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. The species MYTILUS EDULIS is the highly edible common mussel.
Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.
Sulfur compounds in which the sulfur atom is attached to three organic radicals and an electronegative element or radical.
A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.
The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, frequenting the coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and Pacific. They are known for their gameness as a sport fish and for the quality of their flesh as a table fish. (Webster, 3d ed).
A phylum of small sessile aquatic animals living as small tufted colonies. Some appear like hydroids or corals, but their internal structure is more advanced. Most bryozoans are matlike, forming thin encrustations on rocks, shells, or kelp. (Storer & Stebbins, General Zoology, 6th ed, p443)
Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.
Small oviparous fishes in the family Cyprinodontidae, usually striped or barred black. They are much used in mosquito control.
Organisms that live in water.
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.
Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.
A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in SOIL; HUMUS; and FRESHWATER and marine habitats.
The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.
Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.
Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.
The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)
A class of marine annelids including sandworms, tube worms, clamworms, and fire worms. It includes also the genus Myxicola infundibulum.
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Hot springs on the ocean floor. They are commonly found near volcanically active places such as mid-oceanic ridges.
A primitive form of digestive gland found in marine ARTHROPODS, that contains cells similar to those found in the mammalian liver (HEPATOCYTES), and the PANCREAS.
Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.
A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.
Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).
The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the natural environment (soil, water, and plant surfaces) or as an opportunistic human pathogen.
The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.
A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Arbaciidae. They have only one spheridium (stalked body) per ambulacral area (contains tube feet); most sea urchins have several spheridia per area.
A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Members of this genus are found in coastal waters and the open ocean. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
The common name for the phylum of microscopic unicellular STRAMENOPILES. Most are aquatic, being found in fresh, brackish, and salt water. Diatoms are noted for the symmetry and sculpturing of their siliceous cell walls. They account for 40% of PHYTOPLANKTON, but not all diatoms are planktonic.

Marine vibrios associated with superficial septic lesions. (1/4531)

Three cases are reported in which a marine vibrio, Vibrio alginolyticus, was isolated from superficial septic lesions. All cases had been exposed to sea-water. The possible significane of these findings and the need for further investigations are discussed.  (+info)

Growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus and its possible use as a microbiological agent for red tide control. (2/4531)

The growth characteristics of Heterosigma akashiwo virus clone 01 (HaV01) were examined by performing a one-step growth experiment. The virus had a latent period of 30 to 33 h and a burst size of 7.7 x 10(2) lysis-causing units in an infected cell. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the virus particles formed on the peripheries of viroplasms, as observed in a natural H. akashiwo cell. Inoculation of HaV01 into a mixed algal culture containing four phytoplankton species, H. akashiwo H93616, Chattonella antiqua (a member of the family Raphidophyceae), Heterocapsa triquetra (a member of the family Dinophyceae), and Ditylum brightwellii (a member of the family Bacillariophyceae), resulted in selective growth inhibition of H. akashiwo. Inoculation of HaV01 and H. akashiwo H93616 into a natural seawater sample produced similar results. However, a natural H. akashiwo red tide sample did not exhibit any conspicuous sensitivity to HaV01, presumably because of the great diversity of the host species with respect to virus infection. The growth characteristics of the lytic virus infecting the noxious harmful algal bloom-causing alga were considered, and the possibility of using this virus as a microbiological agent against H. akashiwo red tides is discussed.  (+info)

Effects of salinity and temperature on long-term survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E). (3/4531)

Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serovar E) is a primary eel pathogen. In this study, we performed long-term survival experiments to investigate whether the aquatic ecosystem can be a reservoir for this bacterium. We have used microcosms containing water of different salinities (ranging from 0.3 to 3.8%) maintained at three temperatures (12, 25, and 30 degrees C). Temperature and salinity significantly affected long-term survival: (i) the optimal salinity for survival was 1.5%; (ii) lower salinities reduced survival, although they were nonlethal; and (ii) the optimal temperature for survival was dependent on the salinity (25 degrees C for microcosms at 0.3 and 0.5% and 12 degrees C for microcosms at 1.5 to 3.8%). In the absence of salts, culturability dropped to zero in a few days, without evidence of cellular lysis. Under optimal conditions of salinity and temperature, the bacterium was able to survive in the free-living form for at least 3 years. The presence of a capsule on the bacterial cell seemed to confer an advantage, since the long-term survival rate of opaque variants was significantly higher than that of translucent ones. Long-term-starved cells maintained their infectivity for eels (as determined by both intraperitoneal and immersion challenges) and mice. Examination under the microscope showed that (i) the capsule was maintained, (ii) the cell size decreased, (iii) the rod shape changed to coccuslike along the time of starvation, and (iv) membrane vesicles and extracellular material were occasionally produced. In conclusion, V. vulnificus biotype 2 follows a survival strategy similar to that of biotype 1 of this species in response to starvation conditions in water. Moreover, the aquatic ecosystem is one of its reservoirs.  (+info)

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from aquatic habitats in Taiwan. (4/4531)

The existence of strains of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E that are avirulent for eels is reported in this work. These isolates were recovered from water and oysters and differed from eel virulent strains in (i) fermentation and utilization of mannitol, (ii) ribotyping after HindIII digestion, and (iii) susceptibility to eel serum. Lipopolysaccharide of these strains lacked the highest molecular weight immunoreactive bands, which are probably involved in serum resistance.  (+info)

Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. (5/4531)

The minute photosynthetic prokaryote Prochlorococcus, which was discovered about 10 years ago, has proven exceptional from several standpoints. Its tiny size (0.5 to 0.7 microm in diameter) makes it the smallest known photosynthetic organism. Its ubiquity within the 40 degrees S to 40 degrees N latitudinal band of oceans and its occurrence at high density from the surface down to depths of 200 m make it presumably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. Prochlorococcus typically divides once a day in the subsurface layer of oligotrophic areas, where it dominates the photosynthetic biomass. It also possesses a remarkable pigment complement which includes divinyl derivatives of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b, the so-called Chl a2 and Chl b2, and, in some strains, small amounts of a new type of phycoerythrin. Phylogenetically, Prochlorococcus has also proven fascinating. Recent studies suggest that it evolved from an ancestral cyanobacterium by reducing its cell and genome sizes and by recruiting a protein originally synthesized under conditions of iron depletion to build a reduced antenna system as a replacement for large phycobilisomes. Environmental constraints clearly played a predominant role in Prochlorococcus evolution. Its tiny size is an advantage for its adaptation to nutrient-deprived environments. Furthermore, genetically distinct ecotypes, with different antenna systems and ecophysiological characteristics, are present at depth and in surface waters. This vertical species variation has allowed Prochlorococcus to adapt to the natural light gradient occurring in the upper layer of oceans. The present review critically assesses the basic knowledge acquired about Prochlorococcus both in the ocean and in the laboratory.  (+info)

Different prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected by ELISA in Alaskan chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha spawned from freshwater and seawater. (6/4531)

Soluble antigen of Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) was detected by a polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at significantly higher prevalences in adult chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that matured in freshwater than in the same cohort of fish spawned after maturation in seawater. The cumulative results were consistent during 4 yr of comparison at the Little Port Walter Hatchery on Baranof Island, Alaska, USA. Possible causes for this difference are discussed. Maturation of chinook salmon broodstock in seawater has become a practical strategy at this hatchery to reduce the prevalence of Rs-positive parent fish and the numbers of culled eggs.  (+info)

Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. (7/4531)

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.  (+info)

Combined microautoradiography-16S rRNA probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell types in situ. (8/4531)

We propose a novel method for studying the function of specific microbial groups in situ. Since natural microbial communities are dynamic both in composition and in activities, we argue that the microbial "black box" should not be regarded as homogeneous. Our technique breaks down this black box with group-specific fluorescent 16S rRNA probes and simultaneously determines 3H-substrate uptake by each of the subgroups present via microautoradiography (MAR). Total direct counting, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and MAR are combined on a single slide to determine (i) the percentages of different subgroups in a community, (ii) the percentage of total cells in a community that take up a radioactively labeled substance, and (iii) the distribution of uptake within each subgroup. The method was verified with pure cultures. In addition, in situ uptake by members of the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (alpha-Proteobacteria) and of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group obtained off the California coast and labeled with fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for these subgroups showed that not only do these organisms account for a large portion of the picoplankton community in the sample examined ( approximately 60% of the universal probe-labeled cells and approximately 50% of the total direct counts), but they also are significant in the uptake of dissolved amino acids in situ. Nearly 90% of the total cells and 80% of the cells belonging to the alpha-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium groups were detectable as active organisms in amino acid uptake tests. We suggest a name for our triple-labeling technique, substrate-tracking autoradiographic fluorescent in situ hybridization (STARFISH), which should aid in the "dissection" of microbial communities by type and function.  (+info)

Some common types of fish diseases include:

1. Bacterial infections: These are caused by bacteria such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium. Symptoms can include fin and tail rot, body slime, and ulcers.
2. Viral infections: These are caused by viruses such as viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). Symptoms can include lethargy, loss of appetite, and rapid death.
3. Protozoan infections: These are caused by protozoa such as Cryptocaryon and Ichthyophonus. Symptoms can include flashing, rapid breathing, and white spots on the body.
4. Fungal infections: These are caused by fungi such as Saprolegnia and Achlya. Symptoms can include fuzzy growths on the body and fins, and sluggish behavior.
5. Parasitic infections: These are caused by parasites such as Ichthyophonus and Cryptocaryon. Symptoms can include flashing, rapid breathing, and white spots on the body.

Diagnosis of fish diseases is typically made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and observation of the fish's behavior and environment. Treatment options vary depending on the type of disease and the severity of symptoms, and can include antibiotics, antifungals, and medicated baths. Prevention is key in managing fish diseases, and this includes maintaining good water quality, providing a balanced diet, and keeping the fish in a healthy environment.

Note: The information provided is a general overview of common fish diseases and their symptoms, and should not be considered as professional medical advice. If you suspect your fish has a disease, it is recommended that you consult with a veterinarian or a qualified aquarium expert for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The bacteria are naturally found in warm seawater and can enter the body through cuts or scrapes on the skin while swimming or playing near the water. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with liver cirrhosis, cancer, or HIV/AIDS, are at a higher risk of developing Vibrio infections.

Types of Vibrio Infections

There are several types of Vibrio bacteria that can cause infections, including:

Vibrio vulnificus: This type of bacteria is found in warm coastal waters and can infect people who have open wounds or weakened immune systems. Vibrio vulnificus infections can be severe and can lead to bloodstream infections, septicemia, and even death.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus: This type of bacteria is found in tropical and subtropical waters and can cause gastrointestinal illness, including diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. In severe cases, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections can lead to bloodstream infections and other serious complications.

Vibrio alginolyticus: This type of bacteria is found in warm coastal waters and can cause gastrointestinal illness, including diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Vibrio alginolyticus infections are generally less severe than those caused by other types of Vibrio bacteria.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing Vibrio infections is essential for people who have weakened immune systems or who engage in activities that increase their risk of developing an infection, such as swimming in warm coastal waters. Prevention measures include:

Wound care: People with open wounds should avoid swimming in warm coastal waters until the wounds are fully healed.

Avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked seafood: Raw or undercooked seafood can be a source of Vibrio bacteria, so it's essential to cook seafood thoroughly before eating it.

Using proper first aid: If you experience an injury while swimming in warm coastal waters, clean the wound thoroughly and seek medical attention promptly.

Treatment for Vibrio infections depends on the severity of the infection and may include antibiotics, supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy, and surgical intervention if necessary. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Preventing and treating Vibrio infections is essential for people who engage in activities that increase their risk of developing an infection. By taking preventive measures and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms develop, you can reduce the risk of serious complications from these infections.

Infections caused by protozoa (single-celled organisms) that affect animals. Protozoa can cause a wide range of diseases in animals, including coccidiosis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. These infections can be transmitted through the feces of infected animals, contaminated food or water, or through the bite of an infected insect.

Some common protozoan infections found in animals include:

1. Coccidiosis: a parasitic infection caused by coccidia, which can affect the intestines and other organs of animals such as dogs, cats, and livestock.
2. Giardiasis: an intestinal infection caused by Giardia, which can affect both domestic animals and wildlife.
3. Leishmaniasis: a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania, which can affect animals such as dogs and cats as well as humans.
4. Toxoplasmosis: an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can affect a wide range of animals, including cats, dogs, livestock, and wildlife.

Protozoan infections in animals can cause a variety of symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and lethargy, and can be diagnosed through laboratory tests such as fecal examinations or blood tests. Treatment may involve antiparasitic drugs, supportive care, and management of secondary infections. Prevention measures include vaccination, sanitation, and control of insect vectors.

Medical use of sea water in Nicaragua". Drinking Sea Water. ISBN 979-8666741658. "Medical use of sea water in Nicaragua". ... Seawater pH is limited to the range 7.5 to 8.4. The speed of sound in seawater is about 1,500 m/s (whereas the speed of sound ... Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5 ... Brines generated by seawater desalination plants can have salinities up to 120 g/kg. The density of typical seawater brine of ...
The seawater greenhouse evaporates 50 m3 of seawater and harvests 5 m3 of fresh water per hectare per day. The solar power ... The Seawater Greenhouse Ltd The seawater greenhouse concept was first researched and developed in 1991 by Charlie Paton's ... A simple seawater greenhouse consists of two evaporative coolers (evaporators), a condenser, fans, seawater and distilled water ... calculate how much energy to pump seawater to the middle of the Sahara or Gobi Desert for desalination in the SeaWater ...
Synthetic seawater is also known as artificial seawater and substitute ocean water. The tables below present an example of an ... Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater ... Artificial seawater media, Goldman & McCarthy (1978) Modified Artificial Seawater Media (MASM), Culture Collection of Algae and ... artificial seawater has the advantage of reproducibility over natural seawater since it is a standardized formula. ...
... became very cold, fresh, and dense during this period, and the layer extended to depths of 2300m in the ... Labrador Sea Water spreads through the North Atlantic Ocean by three routes: northeast directly into the Irminger Sea, into the ... "Is Labrador Sea Water formed in the Irminger basin?" Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 50.1 (2003): 23-52 ... Labrador Sea Water is an intermediate water mass characterized by cold water, relatively low salinity compared to other ...
The pressure of seawater at a depth of 33 feet equals one atmosphere. The absolute pressure at 33 feet depth in sea water is ... The unit used in the US is the foot sea water (fsw), based on standard gravity and a sea-water density of 64 lb/ft3. According ... based on a fresh water density of 62.4 lb/ft3 and for fsw based on a sea water density of 64.0 lb/ft3. One standard metre sea ... The metre (or meter) sea water (msw) is a metric unit of pressure used in underwater diving. It is defined as one tenth of a ...
The RO technology of the plant produces 100 MLD of desalinated water from 273 MLD of sea water. The plant consists of 8,600 sea ... The sea water intake pipeline enters the well at the bottom. The HDPE pipeline is 1,600 mm in diameter. It was welded using ... The system is designed to work as a self-priming suction for sea water intake. The plant also has 5 additional intake lines of ... The pipeline empties the water into a sea water intake sump on the shore where 3 vertical turbine pumps of variable discharge ...
Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), Kwinana, Australia". Water-Technology. n.d. Web. 28 April ... The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant utilizes this strategy where 48 wind turbines produce 80MW on the Emu Downs Wind Farm to ... The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (PSDP) was installed in late 2006 to produce up to 45 gigalitres of potable water per ... Another seawater desalination plant on the coast about 160 kilometres south of Perth is now operational. This plant is designed ...
A 1-km pipeline will be laid in the sea at a depth of 10 meters to draw seawater. A 750-meter-long pipeline will discharge the ... Minjur Seawater Desalination Plant Reverse osmosis plant Water management in Chennai Portals: India Water Lakshmi, K. (11 ... The process technology involves marine sea water intake system and pre-treatment system consisting of disc filters followed by ... Disc filters and ultra-filtration membranes that remove sediment and finer sand particles from the raw seawater were imported ...
Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning was a project intended to use seawater air conditioning to deliver renewable cooling to ... Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning is majority owned by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar's Ulupono Initiative. Seawater air ... A SWAC system basically consists of deep seawater intake and return pipelines, titanium heat exchangers, seawater and ... Sea water air conditioning (SWAC), also known as ocean water cooling, is an alternative cooling system that uses the deep cold ...
"southern-seawater-desalination-plant". Water Corporation. 27 June 2017. "First seawater flows into Binningup desalination plant ... "Southern Seawater Desalination Plant Proposal, Binningup. State Government Approval" (PDF). Department of Environment; Youth. ... List of desalination plants in Australia Reverse osmosis plant "Southern Seawater Desalination Project". Water Corporation. ... as well as the nearby regional city of Bunbury and is known as the Southern Seawater Desalination Project It was designed to ...
In a recent trial comparing three seawater and freshwater blends (i.e. 5%-10%-15% of seawater), some scientists found that ... or a mixture of fresh water and seawater. There are crops that can grow on seawater and demonstration farms have shown the ... As of 2021, seawater rice had been planted on 400,000 ha (990,000 acres) in soils with up to 4 grams of salt per kilogram, with ... Crop tolerance to seawater is the ability of an agricultural crop to withstand the high salinity induced by irrigation with ...
The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, located in Naval Base, south of Perth, Western Australia, turns seawater from Cockburn ... Australia portal Environment portal List of desalination plants in Australia Reverse osmosis plant Seawater desalination in ... Australia Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), Kwinana, Australia WEBB, T. (23 November 2005). " ... measuring the seawater intake and brine outfall. Excess water from the plant is stored in the hills dams. In early 2008, the ...
The Swedish Baltic Sea Water Award was a regional award by the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs now discontinued. It had ... 1999 PURAC of Poland PURAC of Poland won the first Swedish Baltic Sea Water Award by building several new, advanced wastewater ... Russia Ecodefense received the award for its efforts to increase knowledge on and awareness of the Baltic Sea water environment ...
"Hundreds drink 'sweet seawater'". BBC News. 19 August 2006. "People taste "sweet" sea water in Mumbai". The Times of India. 19 ... "Hundreds drink 'sweet seawater'". BBC News. 19 August 2006. "Indian Scientists: 'Sweet' Seawater No Miracle; Tests Show ... This caused a mass hysteria among people who started coming in large numbers to drink the sea water. In the aftermath of the ... "Mahim seawater turns 'sweet'!". dna. 19 August 2006. "No miracle, water turns sweet during monsoon". The Indian Express. 20 ...
The Lymington Open Air Sea Water Baths (or "historic Roman Seawater Baths") is a lifeguarded open air lido in Lymington, ... Barbe Museum website Lymington Sea Water Baths Proposals for a multi-purpose Lymington Sea Water Centre (Use dmy dates from ... A seawater pool and smaller baths were on the same site in the 1780s. (There was a Roman camp near Lymington (Lentune, Lementon ... "We take a look at the Georgian market town's unique oasis, the historic open air sea water swimming baths". BBC. 6 August 2008 ...
... due to mixing its water with Red Sea water, or brines created from the process of desalinating Red Sea water which has a ... "Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance Study Program" (PDF). World Bank. August 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 ... "Red Sea water desalination project moving ahead , the Jordan Times". Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved ... World Bank Study 2012 Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance Study Program Dr M. Beyth Presentation of conduits The Red Sea and ...
... (Official site, in Japanese) "Seawater Pumped-Storage Power Plant". Japan ... World's first seawater pumped-storage power station: Okinawa Yanbaru Seawater Pumped Storage Power Station] (PDF). JSCE ... The Okinawa Yanbaru Seawater Pumped Storage Power Station (沖縄やんばる海水揚水発電所, Okinawa Yanbaru Kaisui Yōsui Hatsudensho) was an ... Ōmoto, Kazuhiro (October 1994). 現場を訪ねて: 沖縄海水揚水建設所: 自然にやさしく
In the 1880s there was a proposal to supply seawater to the town from a conduit between Lancing and London. The torch relays ... SEA.-WATER SUPPLY.,1880-12-11,The Cardigan Observer and General Advertiser for the Counties of Cardigan Carmarthen and Pembroke ...
"The seawater solution". Seawater. Elsevier. 1995. pp. 85-127. doi:10.1016/b978-075063715-2/50007-1. ISBN 9780750637152. " ... The word "sea" can also be used for many specific, much smaller bodies of seawater, such as the North Sea or the Red Sea. There ... Typical seawater freezes at around −2 °C at atmospheric pressure. Salinity is higher in Earth's oceans where there is more ... Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand of water. Actual salinity varies among different marine ecosystems. ...
"Sea Fan - Paragorgia arborea". SeaWater. Retrieved 4 September 2014. Weiler, Bradley A.; Verhoeven, Joost T. P.; Dufour, ...
As a result of the seawater exchange, the bay's salinity is 22 parts per thousand (ppt), which is lower than the seawater ... Anderson, Genny (October 8, 2008). "Seawater Composition". Marine Science. Retrieved 9 January 2010. "Topographic Maps". ...
Minimal seawater exchange with the Gulf of Mexico occurs at Cedar Bayou and Pass Cavallo. As a result of the seawater exchange ... Anderson, Genny (October 8, 2008). "Seawater Composition". Marine Science. Retrieved 9 January 2010. "Water Body Records for ... the bay's salinity is 13 parts per thousand (ppt), compared to the seawater average of 35 ppt. A wide variety of wildlife can ...
"Seawater Greenhouse Somaliland - Drought-proof agriculture". Seawater Greenhouse. Retrieved 13 March 2022. "Belmont Forum - ... on mineral extraction from seawater desalination brine and seawater greenhouse farming (Salt-Mine). PENHA also works with FAO ... PENHA is currently working in Berbera with Seawater Greenhouse UK and Aston University on an innovative solar-powered ...
"Nudibranch - Flabellina pedata". Seawater.no. Retrieved 2012-06-20. Nudibranchia.dk: Flabellina pedata. Archived 2015-01-15 at ...
As a result of the seawater exchange, the bay's salinity is 19 parts per thousand (ppt), which is lower than the seawater ... Anderson, Genny (October 8, 2008). "Seawater Composition". Marine Science. Retrieved 9 January 2010. "Mad Island Marsh-Oyster ...
"Liocarcinus pusillus". Seawater.no. March 20, 2009. Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2010. " ...
"Long Legged Spider Crab - Macropodia rostrata". Seawater.no. Retrieved May 18, 2012. "Marine Species Identification Portal : ...
"Galathea intermedia". Seawater.no. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. M. J. de Kluijver; S. S. Ingalsuo. "Galathea ...
"Galathea strigosa". Seawater.no. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. Photos of Galathea strigosa on Sealife Collection v ...
An influx of seawater can sometimes replace the vital seagrass with oyster beds. Laguna Madre is home to more finfish than ... Laguna Madre has a salinity of 36 parts per thousand (ppt), which is above the seawater average of 35 ppt. Because of the high ... The cut allows an influx of seawater into the Lower Laguna Madre to improve the fishing and shipping industry of Port Mansfield ... Anderson, Genny (October 8, 2008). "Seawater Composition". Marine Science. Retrieved January 9, 2010. Frank W. Judd, Richard C ...
... share of the world market in seawater desalination technology (reverse osmosis membrane). In this seawater desalination project ... Products » Industries & Applications » Seawater Desalination Recently, water shortages are expected on a global scale. The ... One of the technologies for solving this water shortage is seawater desalination technology, and Japan has a 50% ...
"We have to accept the fact that seawater should be a key player in providing freshwater," he says. "But we need to have a ... One solution is to remove salt from seawater in a process called desalination. Abu Dhabi-based startup Manhat has created a ... For some countries, desalination plants offer a solution - removing salt from seawater to satisfy their freshwater needs. The ... using it atop a tank of seawater. ... How sunlight could turn seawater into freshwater for coastal ...
Groupe mixte dexperts OMCI/FAO/UNESCO/OMM/OMS/AIEA/ONU/PNUE chargé détudier les aspects scientifiques de la pollution des mers . Session (‎12e: 1981: Genève, Switzerland)‎; World Health Organization (‎Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 1981)‎ ...
With natural seawater as the source of active material, SWBs can be supplied infinitely with Na cations. Because of their open- ... Rechargeable sodium seawater batteries (SWBs) are gaining the world leadership of high voltage energy storage devices for ... implementation of PAN activated carbon felts in an aqueous environment opens new paths toward high performance seawater ... Figure 1. Scheme of a seawater battery (SWB) cell (a) structure and operating mechanism during the (b) charge and the (c) ...
water chiller (Seawater chiller/ sea water chiller, Aquarium Chiller): 1. The thermostatic seawater chiller is design to keep ... sea water cooled chillers. All sea water cooled chillers wholesalers & sea water cooled chillers manufacturers come from ... Sea water chiller 1.Industrial Chillers 2.CE certification Sea water chiller- 1. Installed-screw or scroll type-compressors, ... Sea water cooled- chiller, Marine chiller - 1. Sea water cooled condenser, nickel copper tube; 2. German Bitzer semi-hermetic ...
Most interestingly, the bacteria appeared to have originated from seawater. Sanmen Bay has muddy beaches with shallow seawater ... Seawater-Associated Highly Pathogenic Francisella hispaniensis Infections Causing Multiple Organ Failure On This Page ... Seawater-Associated Highly Pathogenic Francisella hispaniensis Infections Causing Multiple Organ Failure. Emerging Infectious ... Seawater-Associated Highly Pathogenic Francisella hispaniensis Infections Causing Multiple Organ Failure. Volume 26, Number 10- ...
SOCAR talks on possibility of geological exploration in Aral Sea water area. Oil&Gas Materials 24 March 2019 15:18 (UTC +04:00) ... saying that BP and SOCAR are considering the possibility of geological exploration in two investment blocks in the Aral Sea water ... saying that BP and SOCAR are considering the possibility of geological exploration in two investment blocks in the Aral Sea water ... Turaev that BP and SOCAR are considering the possibility of geological exploration in two investment blocks in the Aral Sea water ...
88 Sea water CTD Sampling.jpg. 32 of 146 ,, First , Previous Next , Last ,, Back to gallery ...
Chen, J. H. and Edwards, R. Lawrence and Wasserburg, G. J. (1986) ^(238)U, ^(234)U and ^(232)Th in seawater. Earth and ... 238)U is measured to ± 2‰ (2σ) for a sample of 8 × 10^(12) atoms of ^(238)U (∼ 3 × 10^(−9) g of U, 1 ml of seawater). ^(232)Th ... J.H. Chen, R. Lawrence Edwards, G.J. Wasserburg, 238U,234U and232Th in seawater, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 80 ... We have developed techniques to determine ^(238)U,^(234)U and ^(232)Th concentrations in seawater by isotope dilution mass ...
It is the sea water which eliminates the buildup of mucoid plaque and acts like a mega-vitamin for my body. The sea water ... This has to do with the body lying in the seawater for up to six hours a day. Seawater fasting is a form of fasting in which ... Seawater fasting and purification by Pila. This is how i took the word of God, the ocean, and used it to see with my own eyes ... After my soaking I would put the collected sea water in the shade for a hour then pour it through two organic coffee filters ...
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Water-cooled condensers from the P series in seawater-resistant design. On the notepad Fourteen models of water-cooled shell ... Water-cooled condensers from the P series in seawater-resistant design. On the notepad ... and tube condensers designed for hydrocarbon refrigerant and seawater operation, and discharge gas desuperheaters. Approval ...
The Blue Sea Water-Resistant Contura Switch Circuit Breaker Panel is designed for above-deck use, like flybridge and open ... The link to Blue Sea Water-Resistant Contura Circuit Breaker Panel, Model 8271 has been copied ...
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The Carlsbad Desalination Plant is a seawater reverse-osmosis desalination plant located in Carlsbad, California, producing 54 ... Most technologically advanced and energy-efficient seawater desalination plant in North America ... most technologically advanced and energy-efficient seawater desalination plant in North America, and one of a very limited ...
The effect of exposure to artificial sea water (ASW) on the ability of classical Vibrio cholerae O1 cells to interact with ... Persistence of adhesive properties in Vibrio cholerae after long‐term exposure to sea water. ... Persistence of adhesive properties in Vibrio cholerae after long‐term exposure to sea water. ...
Thordon Bearings has indicated a polymer propeller shaft bearing lubricated by seawater could generate significantly less ... Seawater-Lubricated Bearings Could Result In Reduced Underwater Radiated Noise. ByMI News Network March 23, 2023. Shipping News ... "It is completely logical that seawater-lubricated polymer bearings are less noisy than metal ones, but our material is also ... "For fishing and fisheries survey vessels, a seawater-lubricated propeller shaft doesnt scare the fish away and is often ...
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AMI seawater desalination systems use high quality SWRO reverse osmosis seawater desalination membranes and proven technology ... S Series Seawater - 2,000 to 100,000 GPD. AMI Seawater RO Systems convert seawater to drinking water for municipal, hotels, ... Reverse Osmosis Systems for Seawater Desalination. Designed to convert seawater to drinking water, AMI seawater desalination ... Benefits of AMIs Seawater Desalination Systems. *Convert seawater to drinking water for a continuous supply of potable water ...
Seawater warming caused rapid rates of pCO2 increase and acidification under sustained DIC increase. The faster pCO2 growth ... A paucity of data make the rates of seawater acidification and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) rise on ocean margins highly ... A recent study in Marine Pollution Bulletin documented the rapid increase of seawater pCO2 (3.70±0.57 matm year-1) and ... Enhanced-warming Kuroshio Current experiences rapid seawater acidification and CO2 increase Posted by mmaheigan ...
Sea & Water Activities Airport Transfers Deep Sea Fishing Evening Activities Hiking & Trekking Diving Speed Boat Trips Hotel ... Sea & Water Activities Airport Transfers Deep Sea Fishing Evening Activities Hiking & Trekking Diving Speed Boat Trips Hotel ...
Our aim was to elucidate the effects of simulated seawater and freshwater flooding on the survival, growth and reproductive ... CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the potential impact of seawater inundation on coastal cropping systems; although OSR may ... but seawater negatively affected growth and siliqua number for all cultivars, and seed mass for two (Agatha and Cubic). In ... a combination of global sea level rise and storm surge is likely to result in frequent episodes of seawater flooding in arable ...
25‰ in seawater δ7Li. This fractionation can be described by a Rayleigh fractionation model at the early stage of the ... Dissolution of kaolinite in Li-free seawater at acidic conditions (exp. 1) results in a strong preferential release of light Li ... With regard to the evolution of seawater δ7Li over geological time scales, our experimental results suggest that detrital ... Thermodynamic calculation indicates authigenic smectites formed from the dissolution of kaolinite in seawater at pH 8.4 (exp. 3 ...
A new and accurate method for the determination of nitrate in sea water, based on the pola.rographic reduction of nitrate in ... A procedure for the determination of nitrate in sea water ha.s been proposed and its validity tested. ... "Polarographic determination of nitrate in sea water." Journal of Marine Research 12, (1). https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ ...
SWRO-5000 Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System, 5000 GPD/ 18,900 LPD Our Price: $38,000.00 ... SWRO-HE-250-TPD 66,800 GPD/ 250 M3/Day Ultra-High Efficiency Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Our Price: $ ... SWRO-HE-300 TPD-CNT 79,200 GPD/ 300 M3/Day High Efficiency Containerized Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Our Price ... SWRO-HE-200-TPD-CNT 52,800 GPD/ 200 M3/Day Containerized Ultra-High Efficiency Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Our ...
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Ni and Cu in all ballast samples relative to seawater. The findings argue that marine microbial communities rapidly shift from ... and 31 weeks was conducted and compared with the seawater used to fill the tanks. Aerobic Gammaproteobacteria differentially ... ballast tank and aerobic-specific hydrocarbon degradation genes were quantitatively more important compared to seawater or the ... Naval vessels regularly mix fuel and seawater as ballast, a practice that might exacerbate fuel biodegradation and metal ...
  • We have developed techniques to determine ^(238)U,^(234)U and ^(232)Th concentrations in seawater by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. (caltech.edu)
  • Coral skeletons reveal the impacts of oil pollution on seawater chemistry in the northern South China Sea. (bvsalud.org)
  • Seawater chemistry and climate. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the technologies for solving this water shortage is seawater desalination technology, and Japan has a 50% share of the world market in seawater desalination technology (reverse osmosis membrane). (horiba.com)
  • In this seawater desalination project, water quality measurement is indispensable. (horiba.com)
  • Yearly, a fair amount of money goes into turning the widely abundant seawater into fresh water. (ampac1.com)
  • It is therefore required to either develop the RO process that does not do so much harm or find some potential seawater desalination technologies that focus on desalinating the water without any harm to the environment. (ampac1.com)
  • Heat composite pipes were used to evaporate water from the seawater that was splashed on the pipes through which hot water or gas was passed. (ampac1.com)
  • On the notepad Fourteen models of water-cooled shell and tube condensers designed for hydrocarbon refrigerant and seawater operation, and discharge gas desuperheaters. (bitzer.de)
  • The Carlsbad Desalination Plant is a seawater reverse-osmosis desalination plant located in Carlsbad, California, producing 54 million gallons of water per day. (macquarie.com)
  • The Plant is a true marquee asset in the infrastructure space, being the largest, most technologically advanced and energy-efficient seawater desalination plant in North America, and one of a very limited number of privately held water assets in the USA. (macquarie.com)
  • Designed to convert seawater to drinking water, AMI seawater desalination systems use high quality SWRO reverse osmosis seawater desalination membranes and proven technology to give reliable performance. (appliedmembranes.com)
  • Convert seawater to drinking water for a continuous supply of potable water in a large variety of land-and-sea based operations. (appliedmembranes.com)
  • As more and more countries are opting to execute seawater desalination in their regions, it is, in fact, opening windows for advancements, however, there is still potential for the brightest minds to come up with systems that are sustainable and do not harm the environment. (ampac1.com)
  • Reverse Osmosis Systems for Seawater Desalination Manufactured by Applied Membranes, Inc. (appliedmembranes.com)
  • From small to industrial sized, we offer a full range of both standard and custom engineered Seawater Desalination Reverse Osmosis Systems for applications ranging from yachts, cruise ships, boats to municipalities, hotels, resorts, military, off-shore platforms, and various industrial applications. (appliedmembranes.com)
  • Applied Membranes' experience extends beyond standard seawater desalination systems. (appliedmembranes.com)
  • We have supplied complete seawater desalination SWRO systems with Energy Recovery, Data Logging, Containerized Systems, Explosion Proof Systems, Portable Systems for Military Operation, and many more from 150 gallons to millions of gallons per day. (appliedmembranes.com)
  • In addition to extreme rainfall, a combination of global sea level rise and storm surge is likely to result in frequent episodes of seawater flooding in arable systems along low-lying coasts. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Rechargeable sodium seawater batteries (SWBs) are gaining the world leadership of high voltage energy storage devices for marine environments. (mdpi.com)
  • The environment here is brought into the light due to a seemingly small problem which does not threaten the world right now but probably will if seawater desalination is done in its traditional ways. (ampac1.com)
  • Photo of Shallow seawater along northeast coast with corals. (molon.de)
  • Seawater desalination has been vastly dominated by two simple processes of Reverse Osmosis and distillation. (ampac1.com)
  • A paucity of data make the rates of seawater acidification and partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) rise on ocean margins highly uncertain. (us-ocb.org)
  • Graphic summary of 9 years of data from the Kuroshio Current time-series: (a) under the influences of only atmospheric CO2 increase, (b) the combined effect of atmospheric CO2 increase, SST increase, and additional DIC supply, (c) annually averaged air-sea CO2 flux decrease, (d) Projected seawater pCO2 increase under SST rise and sustained DIC increase. (us-ocb.org)
  • This provides valuable reference data for accurately identifying and quantifying the effects of oil pollution on TMs in seawater from a spatial and temporal perspective. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Canadian polymer bearings specialist says the low URN of a ship operating with seawater-lubricated propeller shaft bearings is one of the reasons why the arrangement is favoured by the naval, cruise and fisheries sectors. (marineinsight.com)
  • 234)U/^(238)U can be measured routinely to ± 5‰ (2σ) for a sample of 5 × 10^9 atoms of ^(234)U (3 × 10^(−8) g of total U, 10 ml of seawater). (caltech.edu)
  • The results of principal component-multivariate linear regression showed that the total contribution of oil pollution as a source to TMs in surface seawater was 77.2%, where the residence time of TMs (Ni, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Mo) released from oil spills in surface seawater was approximately 1.4 months. (bvsalud.org)
  • A recent study in Marine Pollution Bulletin documented the rapid increase of seawater pCO 2 (3.70±0.57 matm year -1 ) and acidification (pH at -0.0033±0.0009 unit year -1 ) along Kuroshio in the East China Sea (Figure 1). (us-ocb.org)
  • Hence, we investigated the 10-year monthly variation of TMs in Porites coral skeletons from the northern South China Sea (SCS), complemented by spatial distribution of TMs in seawater , sediments and characterization of TMs in fuel oil . (bvsalud.org)
  • We conducted 3 experiments with fresh samples of natural seawater ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Microplastics in different water samples (seawater, freshwater, and wastewater): Removal efficiency of membrane treatment processes. (bvsalud.org)