AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
ScotomaVisual Field TestsVisual FieldsPerceptual ClosureOphthalmoscopyRetinal DiseasesOphthalmoscopesFixation, OcularMacula LuteaReadingVisual AcuityHemianopsiaMacular DegenerationVision, LowTelescopesFovea CentralisNight VisionAfterimageNystagmus, OptokineticFundus OculiEye MovementsFluorescein AngiographyVision TestsSensory AidsPhosphenesMigraine with AuraBaltimoreCortical Spreading DepressionMigraine DisordersVisual ProsthesisOptic ChiasmOptic NeuritisOptic NervePubMedPeriodicals as TopicPrefrontal CortexBooksPublishingMEDLINEDictionaries, MedicalOptic Nerve DiseasesDictionaries as TopicOnchocerciasis, OcularTomography, Optical CoherenceRetinal Ganglion CellsTaiwanGlaucomaOptic DiskInternetPhysician-Patient RelationsResearch PersonnelVision DisordersQuestionnaires
Scotoma
A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.
Visual Field Tests
Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.
Visual Fields
The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.
Perceptual Closure
The tendency to perceive an incomplete pattern or object as complete or whole. This includes the Gestalt Law of Closure.
Ophthalmoscopy
Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.
Retinal Diseases
Ophthalmoscopes
Devices for examining the interior of the eye, permitting the clear visualization of the structures of the eye at any depth. (UMDNS, 1999)
Fixation, Ocular
The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.
Macula Lutea
An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Reading
Visual Acuity
Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.
Hemianopsia
Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.
Vision, Low
Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.).
Telescopes
Instruments used to observe distant objects.
Fovea Centralis
An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Night Vision
Function of the human eye that is used in dim illumination (scotopic intensities) or at nighttime. Scotopic vision is performed by RETINAL ROD PHOTORECEPTORS with high sensitivity to light and peak absorption wavelength at 507 nm near the blue end of the spectrum.
Afterimage
Continuation of visual impression after cessation of stimuli causing the original image.
Nystagmus, Optokinetic
Normal nystagmus produced by looking at objects moving across the field of vision.
Fundus Oculi
The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Eye Movements
Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
Fluorescein Angiography
Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.
Vision Tests
A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.
Sensory Aids
Devices that help people with impaired sensory responses.
Phosphenes
A subjective visual sensation with the eyes closed and in the absence of light. Phosphenes can be spontaneous, or induced by chemical, electrical, or mechanical (pressure) stimuli which cause the visual field to light up without optical inputs.
Migraine with Aura
A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
Baltimore
Cortical Spreading Depression
The decrease in neuronal activity (related to a decrease in metabolic demand) extending from the site of cortical stimulation. It is believed to be responsible for the decrease in cerebral blood flow that accompanies the aura of MIGRAINE WITH AURA. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
Visual Prosthesis
Artificial device such as an externally-worn camera attached to a stimulator on the RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, or VISUAL CORTEX, intended to restore or amplify vision.
Optic Chiasm
The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.
Optic Neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).
Optic Nerve
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
PubMed
A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
Prefrontal Cortex
The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.
Books
Publishing
"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.
MEDLINE
The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).
Dictionaries, Medical
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.
Dictionaries as Topic
Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.
Onchocerciasis, Ocular
Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.
Tomography, Optical Coherence
An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
Taiwan
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Optic Disk
The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.
Internet
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
Physician-Patient Relations
The interactions between physician and patient.
Research Personnel
Those individuals engaged in research.
Vision Disorders
Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).
Questionnaires
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Increased receptive field size in the surround of chronic lesions in the adult cat visual cortex. (1/253)

Visual cortical lesions destroy the target cells for geniculocortical fibers from a certain retinotopic region. This leads to a cortical scotoma. We have investigated the receptive fields of cells in the visual cortex before, 2 days and 2 months after focal ibotenic acid lesions in the adult cat visual cortex and have found signs of receptive field plasticity in the surroundings of the chronic but not the acute and subacute excitotoxic lesions. In the subacute state (first two days post lesion) receptive field sizes of cells at the border of the lesion were reduced in size or remained unchanged. Remapping of cortical receptive fields 2 months later revealed a number of cells with multifold enlarged receptive fields at the border of the lesion. The cells with enlarged receptive fields displayed orientation and direction selectivity like normal cells. The size increase appeared not specifically directed towards the scotoma; however, the enlarged receptive fields can reduce the extent of a cortical scotoma, since previously unresponsive regions of the visual field activate cortical cells at the border of the lesion. This late receptive field plasticity could serve as a mechanism for the filling-in of cortical scotomata observed in patients with visual cortex lesions.  (+info)

Reading with simulated scotomas: attending to the right is better than attending to the left. (2/253)

Persons with central field loss must learn to read using eccentric retina. To do this, most adopt a preferred retinal locus (PRL), which substitutes for the fovea. Patients who have central field loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), most often adopt PRL adjacent to and to the left of their scotoma in visual field space. It has been hypothesized that this arrangement of PRL and scotoma would benefit reading. We tested this hypothesis by asking normally-sighted subjects to read with the left or right half of their visual field plus 3.2 degrees in the contralateral field masked from view. Letter identification, word identification, and reading were all slower when only the information in the left visual field was available. This was primarily due to the number of saccades required to successfully read to stimuli. These data imply that patients would be better off with PRL to the right of their scotoma than to the left for the purposes of reading.  (+info)

Reading with central field loss: number of letters masked is more important than the size of the mask in degrees. (3/253)

When the center of a readers, visual field is blocked from view, reading rates decline and eye movement patterns change. This is true whether the central visual field is blocked artificially (i.e. a mask) or through disease (e.g. a retinal scotoma due to macular degeneration). In past studies, when mask size was defined in terms of the number of letters masked from view, reading rates declined sharply as number of letters masked increased. Patients with larger central scotomas (in degrees of visual angle) also read slower. We sought to determine whether number of letters masked or size of the mask in degrees is the predominant factor affecting reading rates and eye movement behavior. By matching number of letters masked across several mask sizes (and compensating for reduced acuity in the periphery), we found that number of letters masked is the more important factor until mask size is quite large (> or = -7.5 degrees) and number of letters masked from view is more than seven.  (+info)

Combined use of several preferred retinal loci in patients with macular disorders when reading single words. (4/253)

To investigate the use of several preferred retinal loci (PRL) when attempting to read, two patients with bilateral central scotomas were asked to decipher single words, successively projected onto the retina using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Video-recordings of the fundus image, on which the projected targets were superimposed, were analyzed frame by frame. One patient used two PRL in association and the other used three, each PRL having a specific function. Single word reading made it easier than with full texts to correlate the images parts scrutinized and the retinal areas involved. Then, as patients were unable to describe their reading behavior, the examiner monitored refixation movements using the SLO and asked questions to help them to become aware of their reading behavior. Eventually, they could localize their PRL, describe their specific functions, and switch at will between them.  (+info)

Looking behind a pathological blind spot in human retina. (5/253)

Recent work suggests that dichoptic lateral interactions occur in the region of the visual field of one eye that corresponds to the physiological blind spot in the other eye (Tripathy, S. P., & Levi, D. M. (1994). The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea. Vision Research, 34, 1127-1138.) Here we ask whether dichoptic lateral interactions occur in the region of the visual field of one eye that corresponds to a pathological blind spot, a retinal coloboma in the other eye. To address this question we had the observer report the orientation of a letter 'T' presented within this region in the presence of flanking 'T's presented to the other eye around the coloboma. A large drop in performance was seen due to the flanks, showing the existence of dichoptic lateral interactions in this monocular region. The presence of these dichoptic interactions in a region lacking direct retinal afferents from one eye is consistent with the proposition that long-range horizontal connections of the primary visual cortex mediate these interactions.  (+info)

Models for the description of angioscotomas. (6/253)

To describe small scotomas in visual field examinations several statistical models are proposed and applied to the evaluation of angioscotoma in 13 ophthalmologically normal subjects. A special perimetric grid is used where thresholds can be estimated along a line of narrow-spaced test points which crosses the predicted location of the retinal vessel. A two-stage analysis employs single estimations to fit a threshold curve by means of a special parametric description of the luminance difference sensitivity threshold as a function of stimulus position. An alternative model incorporates the threshold as a function of position into the probabilistic description of the binary response (stimulus seen/not seen).  (+info)

Angioscotoma detection with fundus-oriented perimetry. A study with dark and bright stimuli of different sizes. (7/253)

Fundus-oriented perimetry (FOP) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different-sized bright and dark stimuli in detecting and quantitatively measuring angioscotoma. The foveolas and optic disks of digitized fundus images were aligned with their psychophysical counterparts to construct individual grids of perimetric stimuli. Each grid included a linear set of test point locations crossing a retinal vessel. Angioscotomas immediately became visible in nine of 13 healthy normal volunteers tested with FOP. Additional mathematical processing of local loss of differential light sensitivity (dls) disclosed an angioscotoma for at least one stimulus condition in all persons tested. The angioscomas were usually deeper for small (12) targets than for large (32') ones. On the other hand, the overall noise at dls thresholds was generally higher for small than for large stimuli regardless of whether the stimuli were bright or dark. No noteworthy differences were found in detection rates or signal-to-noise ratios under different stimulus conditions (dark/bright/small/large). FOP permits the individual arrangement of stimuli for specific morphological conditions and is thus capable of detecting even minute visual field defects such as angioscotomas.  (+info)

The "thin man" phenomenon: a sign of cortical plasticity following inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas. (8/253)

AIM: To investigate an image distortion, experienced by patients with homonymous paracentral scotomas. METHODS: Two consecutive patients with right inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas resulting from ischaemic brain insults were examined. Neuro-ophthalmological examination included tangent screen and Amsler grid evaluation. In addition, the patients were asked to describe a figure showing two vertical lines, identical in length and symmetrically located on either side of a fixation point. This figure was presented in such a way that when the subject looked at the fixation point the right line crossed the scotoma. Finally, the patients were asked whether, when looking at the face of an interlocutor, both sides of the body looked the same. RESULTS: In both patients field defects were markedly smaller when delineated with Amsler grids than using a tangent screen. With the parallel line test, the right line appeared uninterrupted in patient 1, whereas in patient 2 it looked slightly blurred in a two degree long segment corresponding to the middle of the scotoma. To both subjects the right line appeared shorter than the left line. Finally both subjects indicated that, after steadily fixating their interlocutor's face or neck for 5-10 seconds, the left shoulder appeared narrower than the right one, which made him look surprisingly thin. This perceptual alteration was called the "thin man" phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: Paracentral homonymous scotomas can be associated with perceptual completion and shape distortion, owing to apparent displacement of images adjacent to the scotoma towards the field defect. Occurrence of such a perceptual change should alert one to the possibility of paracentral homonymous scotomas, which often go undetected when using routine visual field testing procedures.  (+info)

Macular ganglion cell asymmetry for detecting paracentral scotoma in e | OPTHMacular ganglion cell asymmetry for detecting paracentral scotoma in e | OPTH
Macular ganglion cell asymmetry for detecting paracentral scotoma in early glaucoma Hsin-Yu Yang,1 Yu-Fan Chang,1,2 Chih-Chien Hsu,1,2 Yu-Chieh Ko,1-3 Catherine Jui-Ling Liu,1,3 Mei-Ju Chen1,3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Purpose: We evaluated macular ganglion cell asymmetry as a tool for diagnosing paracentral scotoma (PCS) in early glaucoma.Patients and methods: This prospective study compared 58 patients with early glaucoma and PCS to 58 age-matched control individuals. All glaucomatous eyes had scotoma within the central 12 degrees of fixation and confined to one hemifield. We measured circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters with Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
https://www.dovepress.com/macular-ganglion-cell-asymmetry-for-detecting-paracentral-scotoma-in-e-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH
Slide 24 > McCormick Lab | Neuroscience | Yale School of...Slide 24 > McCormick Lab | Neuroscience | Yale School of...
Example of the effect of the sequence of stimulation illustrated in Figure 22. The top trace is the average membrane potential in the cortical cell. Presentation of an artificial scotoma results in a depolarization of the cell, although this response adapts over a period of 30 seconds. Following this, presentation of a high contrast whole field sinewave grating results in a robust response that shows adaptation. Return to the artificial scotoma results in a marked hyperpolarization of the neuron. NOTE that the presentation of the identical visual stimulus, the artificial scotoma, results in either a strong depolarization of the cell, if it is presented after a gray screen, or a hyperpolarization of the neuron, if it is presented after strong stimulation of the neuron.. Mapping of the receptive field revealed a marked contraction following the whole field high contrast receptive field stimulation (bottom 3 maps) and an expansion following either a gray screen or an artificial scotoma.. ...
http://medicine.yale.edu/lab/mccormick/seminars/contrast/slide24.aspx
Scotoma - wikidocScotoma - wikidoc
Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), toxic substances such as methyl alcohol, ethambutol and quinine, nutritional deficiencies, and vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve. Scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura in migraine.[1] Less common, but important because sometimes reversible or curable by surgery, are scotomata due to tumors such as those arising from the pituitary gland, which may compress the optic nerve or interfere with its blood supply. Rarely, scotomata are bilateral. One important variety of bilateral scotoma may occur when a pituitary tumour begins to compress the optic chiasm (as distinct from a single optic nerve) and produces a bi-temporal hemicentral scotomatous hemianopia. This type of visual field defect tends to be very eloquent symptom-wise but often evades early objective diagnosis, as it is more difficult to detect by cursory clinical examination than the classical or ...
http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Scotoma
Scotomas of age-related macular degeneration detected and characterized by means of a novel three-dimensional computer...Scotomas of age-related macular degeneration detected and characterized by means of a novel three-dimensional computer...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Scotomas of age-related macular degeneration detected and characterized by means of a novel three-dimensional computer-automated visual field test. AU - Nazemi, Paul P.. AU - Fink, Wolfgang. AU - Lim, Jennifer I.. AU - Sadun, Alfredo A.. PY - 2005/6. Y1 - 2005/6. N2 - Purpose: We used the recently devised three-dimensional computer-based threshold Amsler grid test to acquire and identify typical patterns of visual field defects (scotomas) caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Patients with AMD traced on a computer touch screen the borders of those areas on an Amsler grid that were missing from their field of vision. Scotomas were repeatedly outlined and recorded at different grid contrast levels. The resulting three-dimensional hole in the central 25° of the visual field was further characterized by its slope, location, shape, and depth. The results were compared with fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. Results: Twenty-five patients and 41 eyes ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/scotomas-of-age-related-macular-degeneration-detected-and-charact
How many words make out of Scotomas | Find all AnagramsHow many words make out of Scotomas | Find all Anagrams
List of words make out of Scotomas. All anagrams of Scotomas. Words made after unscrambling Scotomas. Scrabble Points. Puzzle Solver. Word Creation.
http://wordcreation.info/how-many-words-made-out-of-scotomas.html
Objective Analysis of Performance of Activities of Daily Living in People With Central Field Loss | IOVS | ARVO JournalsObjective Analysis of Performance of Activities of Daily Living in People With Central Field Loss | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Previous research has assessed self-reported difficulty of various ADLs in visually impaired observers, using item response theory to determine item difficulties for a number of different tasks.17 Higher (more positive) item difficulty indicates that respondent must have a higher level of functional ability to be able to complete the task.35 The item difficulty for pouring (+0.03 logits) indicates that it is perceived to be a harder task to complete than inserting a key in a lock (−0.09 logits) or seeing food on a plate (−0.20 logits).17 The three tasks examined objectively in our study showed significantly lower performance when compared with healthy subjects. In order to rate the difficulty of the task, we compare the percentage difference in time to complete each task between groups. This measure has been used in previous research to establish difficulty in carrying out tasks.15,18-21 Central visual field loss participants took twice as long (3.60 vs. 1.76 seconds) for the food on the ...
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2469217
Stop before you saccade: Looking into an artificial peripheral scotoma | JOV | ARVO JournalsStop before you saccade: Looking into an artificial peripheral scotoma | JOV | ARVO Journals
We investigated whether adults with healthy vision can move their eyes toward an informative target area that is initially hidden by a gaze-contingent scotoma in the periphery when they are under time pressure. In the experimental task, participants had to perform an object-comparison task requiring a same-different judgment about two silhouettes. One silhouette was visible, whereas the other was hidden under the scotoma. Despite time pressure and the presence of the visible silhouette, most participants were able to move their eyes toward the informative region to reveal the hidden silhouette. Saccades to the hidden stimulus occurred when the visible stimulus was presented directly opposite in either fixed or variable locations and when the visible stimulus was presented at an adjacent location. Older participants were also able to perform this task. First saccades in the direction of the hidden stimulus had longer latencies compared with saccades toward the visible stimulus. This suggests the ...
http://jov.arvojournals.org/Article.aspx?articleid=2272848
EverythingHealth: scintillating scotomaEverythingHealth: scintillating scotoma
I am 58 now having had my first scotoma experience five years ago, but then nothing till February this year when was hit with two strong attacks one evening. I did not know what was going on at time, text book symptoms to the point when I look at the on line illustrations today sometimes I think I am having one. Anyway got checked out next day(s)in February, diagnosis visual migraine. Then nothing till May 31 this year, and then five days in a row, got checked out again and scotomas diagnosed again as visual migraines with stronger frequency. One beneficial side effect my blood pressure which was high was suddenly back to normal. But I was more concerned about sudden frequency, twenty five minutes to pass, blind spot in center evolving to geometric designs or spheres as expanding through field of vision. As June wore on was getting one or two hits per week then every ten days or so. In July just tried to think about the fascination of these and to figure out the why and how to prevent. Also, ...
http://healthwise-everythinghealth.blogspot.com/2011/10/scintillating-scotoma.html?showComment=1356978026548
EverythingHealth: scintillating scotomaEverythingHealth: scintillating scotoma
I am 58 now having had my first scotoma experience five years ago, but then nothing till February this year when was hit with two strong attacks one evening. I did not know what was going on at time, text book symptoms to the point when I look at the on line illustrations today sometimes I think I am having one. Anyway got checked out next day(s)in February, diagnosis visual migraine. Then nothing till May 31 this year, and then five days in a row, got checked out again and scotomas diagnosed again as visual migraines with stronger frequency. One beneficial side effect my blood pressure which was high was suddenly back to normal. But I was more concerned about sudden frequency, twenty five minutes to pass, blind spot in center evolving to geometric designs or spheres as expanding through field of vision. As June wore on was getting one or two hits per week then every ten days or so. In July just tried to think about the fascination of these and to figure out the why and how to prevent. Also, ...
http://healthwise-everythinghealth.blogspot.com/2011/10/scintillating-scotoma.html?showComment=1347425240811
Scotoma disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical TrialsScotoma disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials
MalaCards based summary : Scotoma, also known as generalized visual field contraction or constriction, is related to optic atrophy 1 and migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2. An important gene associated with Scotoma is TMEM126A (Transmembrane Protein 126A), and among its related pathways/superpathways is the visual cycle I (vertebrates). The drugs Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, testes and retina ...
http://www.malacards.org/card/scotoma
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A, B, Visual fields dem- onstrate a cecocentral scotoma on the left and a relative central scotoma on the right. Ghrelin is the natural signaling peptide for these receptors.
http://tovopt.ru/cheap-drugs-in-india/buy-lupigest-100mg-tab.html
Financial Scotoma?Financial Scotoma?
Resisting the Inducement of Debt On Demand What is the MIQ of financial markets? Assessing big, midterm losses, Senator Shumer says the Democratic Party suffered from a kind of financial scotoma. Shumer insinuates that Democrats did not deliberately do the wrong thing and mandate health-care premiums against declining income. It just sort of happened that…
https://griffithlighton.wordpress.com/2014/11/27/financial-scotoma/
Persistant bilateral relative central scotomas induced by taking an excessive dose of sildenafil - Nuffield Department of...Persistant bilateral relative central scotomas induced by taking an excessive dose of sildenafil - Nuffield Department of...
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Continue well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings ...
https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/publications/349963
Light detecting cells Archives - Hill Country Vision CenterLight detecting cells Archives - Hill Country Vision Center
by Hill Country Vision Center , May 12, 2021 , Eye Health, Featured, Vision Problems. If you experience a blind spot in your vision, you might have whats called a scotoma. Learn more about this condition and whether or not its serious. A scotoma is a blind spot or partial loss of vision in what is otherwise a perfectly normal visual field. It might ...
https://hillcountryvisioncenter.com/tag/light-detecting-cells/
The prefrontal cortex and oculomotor delayed response: a reconsideration of the mnemonic scotoma. - PubMed - NCBIThe prefrontal cortex and oculomotor delayed response: a reconsideration of the mnemonic scotoma. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098265?dopt=Abstract
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If, in this example, the lens diameter is 5 cm, the diameter-to-distance aspect ratio is 550 cm, then the field of viewв 8. Carry out a blank titration.
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Noise Field Perimetry for Screening Central Scotomas in Age Related Macular Degeneration | IOVS | ARVO JournalsNoise Field Perimetry for Screening Central Scotomas in Age Related Macular Degeneration | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Noise field perimetry (NFP) is a technique that utilizes small black and white spots flickering randomly at high frequency (television static) to detect visual abnormalities in macular disease, and was previously shown to be more effective than Amsler grid (AG) in detecting diabetic macular edema. However, the Amsler grid (AG) continues to be the primary method for self-detection of central scotomas correlating to early progression of age related macular degeneration (AMD). We performed a cross-sectional clinical study to determine if NFP is an effective screening tool for detecting progression of AMD, and how it specifically compares with AG testing.. ...
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2332993
H4Gxs Wonderful World of Science: Single bioptic telescope for low vision driving may not obscure road view of second eyeH4Gxs Wonderful World of Science: Single bioptic telescope for low vision driving may not obscure road view of second eye
Bioptics, improved something greater than 100 years back, are minor telescopes that are joined above the focal point of one spectacle lens. A slight descending tilt of the head and upward change of the eyes can carry a far off street mark or activity light into view for individuals with vision impedances. When looking through the telescope, a without vision dominion (scotoma) is made owed to the amplification of the telescope. The destitute of vision range is in the shape of a ring surrounding what is perceived through the telescope (consequently the name ring scotoma). Case in point, an individual review an activity light with the telescope can see the light, but should not see the surrounding crossing point, with the same eye. Admitting that bioptics were presented as driving supports 50 years in the past and are sanction for heading in 39 states, safeguard has remained a concern, specifically the impact of the ring scotoma on identification of activity risks. In some states this concern ...
http://h4gx.blogspot.com/2011/05/single-bioptic-telescope-for-low-vision.html
Dynamic Filling-InDynamic Filling-In
To do: Fixate your gaze on the red dot, while paying attention to the solid grey circle (called an artificial scotoma. After a few seconds of steady fixation, the solid circle will fill in with the surrounding dynamic noise. Eye movements or blinks will cause the grey circle to reappear.. To notice: After the dynamic noise disappears (in 20 seconds), a powerful texture after-image takes the place originally occupied by the solid grey circle. This after-image may be dynamic: the so-called Twinkle effect (Ramachandran and Gregory, 1991) or static (Spillmann and Kurtenbach, 1992).. Dynamic filling-in occurs when eye movements are lacking or reduced. Our laboratory has showed that microsaccades (small involuntary eye movements that occur when we attempt to fixate) counteract visual fading and filling-in during visual fixation (Troncoso, Macknik and Martinez-Conde, 2008).. ...
http://smc.neuralcorrelate.com/illusions-and-demos/dynamic-filling-in/
Self-Organization of Orientation Maps, Lateral Connections, and Dynamic Receptive Fields in the Primary Visual CortexSelf-Organization of Orientation Maps, Lateral Connections, and Dynamic Receptive Fields in the Primary Visual Cortex
Through massively parallel computational simulations, we studied how a large network of simple neural elements (the RF-LISSOM model) could develop a functional organization similar to that of the primary visual cortex. It was found that starting from a tabula rasa state, the afferent and lateral connections in the network self-organized cooperatively and simultaneously through a common Hebbian mechanism, and produced receptive fields (RFs), orientation maps, and patterns of lateral connections that follow the receptive field organization. Second, we hypothesized that similar self-organizing mechanisms continue operating in the adult cortex, maintaining it in a continuously-adapting dynamic equilibrium with the input, and tested this hypothesis on the self-organized model. When the equilibrium was perturbed by a retinal scotoma, RFs expanded in size in a reversible fashion, matching recent neurobiological observations in the cat and psychophysical experiments in the human. Third, a possible ...
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab/?sirosh:htmlbook96-article
Progression of Biettis crystalline dystrophy]. - Semantic ScholarProgression of Biettis crystalline dystrophy]. - Semantic Scholar
Biettis crystalline dystrophy is a rare form of tapetoretinal degeneration associated with numerous glittering deposits on the retina of the posterior pole and in the limbic part of the cornea. The case of a patient with Biettis crystalline dystrophy followed-up for more than 5 years is described together with the changes seen during progression of the dystrophy. The patient was examined for the first time at the age of 27. At the last visit, marked impairment of night vision had developed, while there was no change in visual acuity. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed that retinal crystals at the posterior pole were reduced in number, pigmented atrophy was more profound and that wide areas of choriocapillary atrophy had developed. There was a reduction in amplitude of the electroretinogram and the development of incomplete annular paracentral scotomas in the visual field. This case confirms that the symptoms of Biettis dystrophy develop late and that progression of the dystrophy involves atrophy of
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Progression-of-Bietti-s-crystalline-dystrophy-Giuffr%C3%A9/e83b3982fdb1303ff6128bbee1cdc5df94c77ee5
Macular hole surgery | Clinical GateMacular hole surgery | Clinical Gate
Most MHs occur in eyes with no previous pathology (idiopathic). The patient generally complains of acute or subacute decrease in both far and near visual acuity (VA), ± metamorphopsia and/or micropsia, ± positive or negative scotoma. Five percent of patients are asymptomatic7. The visual loss caused by MH is variable. VA decreases gradually with time, and after several months of evolution it is usually around 0.1. In a series of unoperated MHs, more than 80% of eyes had a VA between 0.1 and 0.05 after 5 years of follow-up8. In practice, the VA of an eye with a full-thickness MH is usually less than 0.5 (typically 0.2). Patients rarely identify a central scotoma, but fairly frequently report what is indicative of a negative microscotoma (i.e. the disappearance of a letter from a word). The distortion or constriction of images and words is also reported.. At fundus biomicroscopy, the MH appears as a round full-thickness defect with sharp edges located at the center of the fovea. The size of ...
https://clinicalgate.com/macular-hole-surgery/
DJO | Digital Journal of OphthalmologyDJO | Digital Journal of Ophthalmology
CAR and MAR are both rare paraneoplastic syndromes that can be distinguished by clinical symptoms, fundus characteristics, and electrophysiology findings. Small-cell lung cancer has been most frequently reported as the primary cancer in CAR; breast and endometrial cancers have also been reported but less frequently.(1) CAR typically presents with loss of central vision, reduced color vision, a ring scotoma, photopsias, and decreased a-wave and b-wave on ffERG.(2) MAR typically presents with rapid onset of photopsias, scotomata, decreased night vision, and variable loss of peripheral or paracentral vision.(3,4 ...
http://www.djo.harvard.edu/site.php?url=/physicians/gr/2312&page=GR_DS
AMHAZ journal: visual cortex is weirdAMHAZ journal: visual cortex is weird
My feeling is that there is no filling in, at least not in the way its usually talked about, but rather that the scotoma is a scotoma in visual space period - if you dont see the space, you dont see any blankness, and you see the scene continue directly from one side to the other, not knowing any better. Maybe its hard to justify this intuition, but I think its similar to noting (as hemianopia patients do) that beyond the edges of the visual field, theres not an expanse of nothingness, but rather no expanse at all. If there is no expanse, there is no edge, so you get the strange condition of not being able to see the boundaries of your own visual field, because the boundary would have to be defined as between two expanses. With a proper mapping between visual direction and field location, you can be properly aware of the geometry of the visible field, without any need for it to be bounded. (Put another way, topologically, the space behind my head is equivalent to a hole in the visual field ...
http://xuexixs.blogspot.com/2013/04/visual-cortex-is-weird.html
Paracentral gyrus | definition of paracentral gyrus by Medical dictionaryParacentral gyrus | definition of paracentral gyrus by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of paracentral gyrus in the Medical Dictionary? paracentral gyrus explanation free. What is paracentral gyrus? Meaning of paracentral gyrus medical term. What does paracentral gyrus mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paracentral+gyrus
Blogging, Near Philadelphia: Scintillating ScotomaBlogging, Near Philadelphia: Scintillating Scotoma
The first one happened twelve years ago, just a couple of weeks after wed moved into our present home. I was sitting at the computer, transcribing a medical report, when I became aware of a shimmering circle with jagged edges in my visual field. Closing one eye or the other did not make it go away. The area that shimmered was a blind spot, about a letter or two wide. I waited for it to go away, but instead it got bigger over a twenty-minute period, and then vanished. I didnt mention it to anyone, but when it happened again a few weeks later while we were visiting relatives, I became concerned. Fortunately I had an ophthalmologic appointment scheduled ...
http://nancynearphiladelphia.blogspot.com/2011/02/scintillating-scotoma.html
Arcuate Scotomas - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.orgArcuate Scotomas - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
A localized defect in the Visual Field bordered by an area of normal Vision. This occurs with a variety of Eye Diseases (e.g., Retinal Diseases and Glaucoma), Optic Nerve Diseases, and other conditions ...
http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/definitions-a/arcuate-scotomas.html
Retinal migraine - The Full WikiRetinal migraine - The Full Wiki
Retinal Migraine involves migraine headache associated with transient monocular visual loss (scotoma) lasting less than 1 hour.[1] During some episodes, the visual loss may occur with no headache and at other times throbbing headache on the same side of the head as the visual loss may occur, accompanied by severe light sensitivity and/or nausea. After each episode, normal vision returns.. It may be difficult to read and dangerous to drive a vehicle while retinal migraine symptoms are present.. Retinal migraine is a different disease than scintillating scotoma which is a visual anomaly caused by spreading depression in the occipital cortex, at the back of the brain, not in the eyes nor any component thereof, such as the retinas.[2]. ...
http://www.thefullwiki.org/Retinal_migraine
The mechanism underlying large-scale reorganization in human macular degeneration patients | JOV | ARVO JournalsThe mechanism underlying large-scale reorganization in human macular degeneration patients | JOV | ARVO Journals
Purpose. There is currently a controversy about the conditions required for reorganization in human adults. Some studies describe large-scale human reorganization in human macular degeneration (MD) patients whereas others do not (Baker et al., 2005; Sunness et al., 2004). We explored the requirement for large-scale reorganization in human MD.. Methods. We report fMRI measurements from one JMD patient, who was diagnosed with binocular JMD thirteen years prior to the experiments. She has about a 40x50 degree diameter central absolute scotoma; she fixates using preferred retinal loci (PRL) in the left lower visual field. We also measured fMRI responses in three healthy control subjects using the same experimental setup and eccentric fixation. We used a wide array of visual stimuli that included faces, scrambled faces, moving gratings and checkerboards. Subjects either passively viewed the stimuli or performed a one-back task consisting of detecting consecutive repetitions of identical ...
http://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2134198
Driving with Age-related Macular Degeneration - Better Vision GuideDriving with Age-related Macular Degeneration - Better Vision Guide
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people 65 and older. As we age and our eye health begins to deteriorate, vision can be significantly compromised. In the case of AMD, deterioration of retinal tissue (macula) can impact our central vision and eventually create blind spots (also called scotomas). Basically, the older you get, the more likely you are to develop macular degeneration. Obviously, this can significantly affect our day-to-day living and habits. For example, blind spots in our central vision can be extremely dangerous when driving.. A 2015 study conducted by Harvard Medical School and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, evaluated the effects such AMD issues could have on driving. Driving simulators were used to study the effect of visual blind spots on drivers ability to detect and react to potential dangers. The studys findings indicated that people with central vision blind spots (such as those ...
http://www.bettervisionguide.com/driving-age-related-macular-degeneration/
1 Archives - MGH NEPTCC-Bulletin1 Archives - MGH NEPTCC-Bulletin
BROOKE SWEARINGEN, M.D.. A 30-year-old nulliparous woman presented to MGH at?34 weeks gestation with headaches and visual loss. She was referred by her ophthalmologist, who documented a bitemporal field defect with a dense left central scotoma. The visual?loss was progressive, and had worsened in the week prior to presentation. She had developed headaches three months prior to admission. The pregnancy was otherwise uncomplicated. Menses were normal before her pregnancy, and she had no history of galactorrhea, polyuria/polydipsia or other endocrine symptoms. Medical history was notable for a deep venous thrombosis three years ago, and she was being treated with low molecular weight heparin during the pregnancy. She had a history of primary hypothyroidism and had been maintained on 100 ?g of thyroxine daily for the past five years. She was otherwise healthy.. Read More ...
https://neptcc-bulletin.com/archive/22/1/
Measuring Central Retinal Sensitivity Using Microperimetry. - Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingMeasuring Central Retinal Sensitivity Using Microperimetry. - Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
Microperimetry is an increasingly often used method of assessing the sensitivity of the central macula, analyzing fixation capabilities and loci, and accurately combining structural and functional information, even in the absence of stable fixation. Ongoing gene therapy trials have targeted the central retina, and utilized microperimetry as a main outcome measure for changes in retinal function. In retinal treatment planning, microperimetry has been used to assess the potential therapeutic window of opportunity. In the following pages, we briefly review the necessary steps to perform the Macular Integrity Assessment (MAIA) microperimetry.
https://www.win.ox.ac.uk/publications/811662
What Causes Central Vision Loss? (with pictures)What Causes Central Vision Loss? (with pictures)
Central vision loss is typically caused by cataracts, macular degeneration or holes, and complications from other conditions, like...
http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-causes-central-vision-loss.htm
Other Vision Impairments - Section 508 - NOAAs National Weather ServiceOther Vision Impairments - Section 508 - NOAAs National Weather Service
A ring or donut shaped scotoma is an area of reduced vision that forms a shape similar to a ring or donut - the patient can see fine in the center and off-center a little bit but then there is an area of reduced vision followed by another area or normal vision ...
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/sec508/htm/blindness.htm
Black friday ads 2012 home depotBlack friday ads 2012 home depot
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Patent US6580414 - Method for transferring characters especially to a computer and an input ... - Google PatentsPatent US6580414 - Method for transferring characters especially to a computer and an input ... - Google Patents
A personal computer for a handicapped person includes an input panel that is subdivided into a group of fields, with one of the fields designated as a central field for the group. Each field is, in turn, subdivided into nine elements (spaces) comprised of a neutral central element surrounded by eight output elements. Each of those eight output elements has an output character representing a respective output signal. A mark (cursor) is moved across the panel by a control stick that is manipulated by a user. The cursor is always initially located at the center element of the central field. In order to move the cursor to a desired output element, the user: (a) identifies the field in which the desired output character is located, (b) moves the cursor in a first direction to the central element of that identified field, and (c) moves the cursor by one space directly to the desired output element in a second direction oriented either orthogonally or diagonally to the first direction.
http://www.google.com/patents/US6580414?dq=6,590,872
Why Do You Have a Blind Spot?Why Do You Have a Blind Spot?
While the human eye can be remarkably accurate, it isn't perfect and all of us have a blind spot. Learn why you have a blind spot and how to detect it.
https://www.verywell.com/why-do-you-have-a-blind-spot-2794880
Alphas: Blind SpotAlphas: Blind Spot
That? That was an Alphas episode to make viewers feel justified in sticking with the show this long. Its not that the show has been bad or anything, but that was an episode of TV dedicated to digging in deep and playing out story arcs you know the writers have been patiently waiting to deploy all season long. Now,…
https://www.avclub.com/alphas-blind-spot-1798169578
Blind SpotBlind Spot
Accelerating change is inevitable. The stress it puts on systems - human, social, economic, environmenatl - will lead to the eventual collpase of those systems.
https://www.peterrussell.com/blindspot/blindspot3.php/
Fixing the Flawed Approach to DiversityFixing the Flawed Approach to Diversity
Company leaders must acknowledge their blind spots, respond to the needs of diverse groups, and focus on the measures that really work.
https://www.bcg.com/en-za/publications/2019/fixing-the-flawed-approach-to-diversity
Fixing the Flawed Approach to DiversityFixing the Flawed Approach to Diversity
Company leaders must acknowledge their blind spots, respond to the needs of diverse groups, and focus on the measures that really work.
https://www.bcg.com/ja-jp/publications/2019/fixing-the-flawed-approach-to-diversity
Malte Urbschat 'Phosphenes and Scotomas' - Baltimore SunMalte Urbschat 'Phosphenes and Scotomas' - Baltimore Sun
Malte Urbschat is a German professional artist. In this piece, he has represented - among other migraine aura symptoms - phosphenes (sensing light when there isn't any light actually entering the eye) and scotomas (flickering light in the field of vision that obscures vision in that area). For...
http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/la-he-diseases-art-photos-011-photo.html
Bilateral homonymous visual field defects as initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis. | British Journal of OphthalmologyBilateral homonymous visual field defects as initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis. | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Symptomatic suprageniculate lesions in multiple sclerosis expressed as a visual field defect are infrequent. The present case developed a bilateral homonymous defect as the initial and unique symptom of the disease. It was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, which disclosed extensive demyelinating areas in both optic nerve radiations. The mode of onset, perimetric findings, and unusual presentation of this condition are briefly discussed. ...
http://bjo.bmj.com/content/75/3/185
Visual Field Assessment - International Eye HospitalVisual Field Assessment - International Eye Hospital
Many eye and brain disorders can cause peripheral vision loss and other visual field abnormalities. Visual field tests are performed by eye care professionals to detect blind spots (scotomas) and other visual field defects, which can be an early sign of these problems.. The size and shape of a scotoma offer important clues about the presence and severity of diseases of the eye, optic nerve and visual structures in the brain. For example, optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma creates a very specific visual field defect.. Other conditions associated with blind spots and other visual field defects include diseases of the retina, optic neuropathy, brain tumors and stroke.. ...
https://iehegypt.com/ieh2/service/visual-field-assessment/
Does visual restitution training change absolute homonymous visual field defects? A fundus controlled study | British Journal...Does visual restitution training change absolute homonymous visual field defects? A fundus controlled study | British Journal...
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
https://bjo.bmj.com/content/89/1/30.share
Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure - WikipediaVisual impairment due to intracranial pressure - Wikipedia
0.50 diopter cycloplegic refractive change No evidence of optic-disc edema, nerve sheath distention, choroidal folds, globe flattening, scotoma or cotton-wool spots compared to baseline Class 1 Repeat OCT and visual acuity in 6 weeks Refractive changes ≥ 0.50 diopter cycloplegic refractive change and/or cotton-wool spot No evidence of optic-disc edema, nerve sheath distanton, choroidal folds, globe flattening or scotoma compared to baseline CSF opening pressure ≤ 25 cm H2O (if measured) Class 2 Repeat OCT, cycloplegic refraction, fundus examination and threshold visual field every 4 to 6 weeks × 6 months, repeat MRI in 6 months ≥ 0.50 diopter cycloplegic refractive changes or cotton-wool spot Choroidal folds and/or ONS distention and/or globe flattening and/or scotoma No evidence of optic-disc edema CSF opening pressure ≤ 25 cm H2O (if measured) Class 3 Repeat OCT, cycloplegic refraction, fundus examination and threshold visual field every 4 to 6 weeks × 6 months, repeat MRI in 6 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment_due_to_intracranial_pressure
EURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina SpecialistsEURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina Specialists
A 6 month follow up with clinical and imaging evaluation of a 18 year old female with medical history of simple myopia (-4.5) who arrived to the emergency room with a chief complaint of visual impairment in her left eye (OS) after a hair removal procedure was undergone with alexandrite laser (755 nm). The patient claimed that there was a shot to the air and immediately described a central scotoma in OS, which first improved. Four days later, she developed metamorphopsia in OS and both symptoms worsen. The physical examination showed best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/120 with a central scotoma. Fundus examination showed a submacular neovascular membrane along with haemorrhages. This findings were confirmed with swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) of the fovea. Ruling out other possible aetiologies, we ran serology tests that were negative for toxoplasma. The patient was treated with an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 5 ...
http://www.euretina.org/barcelona2017/programme/posters-details.asp?id=14088
Decreased fixation stability of the preferred retinal location in juvenile macular degeneration<...Decreased fixation stability of the preferred retinal location in juvenile macular degeneration<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Decreased fixation stability of the preferred retinal location in juvenile macular degeneration. AU - Bethlehem, R.A.. AU - Dumoulin, S.O.. AU - Dalmaijer, E.S.. AU - Smit, M.. AU - Berendschot, T.T.. AU - Nijboer, T.C.. AU - van der Stigchel, S.. PY - 2014/6/17. Y1 - 2014/6/17. N2 - Macular degeneration is the main cause for diminished visual acuity in the elderly. The juvenile form of macular degeneration has equally detrimental consequences on foveal vision. To compensate for loss of foveal vision most patients with macular degeneration adopt an eccentric preferred retinal location that takes over tasks normally performed by the healthy fovea. It is unclear however, whether the preferred retinal locus also develops properties typical for foveal vision. Here, we investigated whether the fixation characteristics of the preferred retinal locus resemble those of the healthy fovea. For this purpose, we used the fixation-offset paradigm and tracked eye-position using a high spatial ...
https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/decreased-fixation-stability-of-the-preferred-retinal-location-in
Ophthalmologist and eponyms - M. AmslerOphthalmologist and eponyms - M. Amsler
Marc Amsler was a student of Jules Gonin at the University of Lausanne and an exponent of Gonins ideas about retinal detachment repair. He succeeded Gonin in 1935 as chair of ophthalmology at Lausanne, and in 1944 became professor at the University of Zurich. He pioneered in the study of aqueous humor in uveitis and developed an interest in how to monitor macular symptoms in retinal disease. It seems likely that Amsler got the idea for his patterns from a small card with a grid pattern that Landolt designed to place in the center of his perimeter to test the macula. Several devices had been invented and manufactured by the first half of the 20th century for the testing of small macular scotomas, but these required an examiner to move tiny test objects across the grid, sometimes within a stereoscope for greater precision. These instruments were not so easy to use, and of course did not document metamorphopsia. Landolt may have intended to describe his test card in print, but he never did, and ...
http://www.mrcophth.com/ophthalmologyhalloffame/amsler.html
H4Gxs Wonderful World of Science: 2011H4Gxs Wonderful World of Science: 2011
Boston, MA - A study by scientists at Schepens Eye Research Institute shows that a bioptic telescope on one lens of a pair of glasses used to magnify traffic signs and lights may not prevent the wider view of the road with the second eye. The study results, which will be published in the May 2011 Archives of Ophthalmology, are the first evidence that-under more realistic viewing conditions than in earlier studies-the second eye can detect objects in the area obscured by the magnification effect of the telescope (called the ring scotoma ...
http://h4gx.blogspot.com/2011/
Right Eye Problem - Optic Neuritis? LHON?Right Eye Problem - Optic Neuritis? LHON?
Hi everyone, Im hoping that maybe there will be someone who has know what Im talking about and can somehow help me. Im 31 year old male and Ive lost central vision in my right eye over 3 months ago. Ive got centrocecal scotoma and I cant read even one letter from the opthalmic board. My peripheral vision is OK. The loss of vision was quite acute, but month after the beginning the loss has been bigger and remains at this level up to today. I used to have 2 similar episodes in the past,
https://www.msworld.org/forum/showthread.php?143643-Right-Eye-Problem-Optic-Neuritis-LHON&s=92993df7aa6858b41dafeb592a6a3701&p=1505991
Visual Field Tests | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystVisual Field Tests | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
This graph shows the total number of publications written about Visual Field Tests by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether Visual Field Tests was a major or minor topic of these publication ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Visual%20Field%20Tests
DJO | Digital Journal of OphthalmologyDJO | Digital Journal of Ophthalmology
PIC is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder that typically occurs in young (15-55 years), white, myopic women. Presenting symptoms are blurred vision and scotomas with or without flashes of light.(2) The symptoms are usually unilateral, but most patients show bilateral fundus involvement.(2,3) PIC is characterized by multifocal choroidal lesions (yellow-white lesions of the inner choroid and retinal pigment epithelium of approximately 100-300 ìm in size), usually distributed throughout the posterior pole but sparing the peripapillary region.(2,4) There are no other signs of ocular inflammation elsewhere in the eye. Visual prognosis is generally good since the lesions usually evolve into atrophic scars; however, choroidal neovascularization may develop in 17% to 40% of patients, potentially threatening central vision if untreated.(4-7 ...
http://www.djo.harvard.edu/site.php?url=/physicians/gr/1638&page=GR_DX
Static perimetry approach may be better for kids with glaucomaStatic perimetry approach may be better for kids with glaucoma
(HealthDay)-A simple static perimetry approach may yield higher-quality results than a combined perimetry approach in children younger than 10 years with glaucoma, according to a study published online Dec. 28 in JAMA Ophthalmology.
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-01-static-perimetry-approach-kids-glaucoma.html
Im Slowly Losing Vision in One Eye - American Academy of OphthalmologyIm Slowly Losing Vision in One Eye - American Academy of Ophthalmology
A patient presents with unilateral visual loss with a relative afferent pupillary defect, pericentral scotoma, and sectoral retinal pigmented epithelial atrophy
https://www.aao.org/annual-meeting-video/i-m-slowly-losing-vision-in-one-eye
What Kind of Eye Damage Does Elmiron Cause? | Riddle & BrantleyWhat Kind of Eye Damage Does Elmiron Cause? | Riddle & Brantley
Elmiron may cause serious eye damage, including pigmentary maculopathy, retinopathy, and scotoma. Heres what Elmiron patients should know.
https://justicecounts.com/elmiron-lawsuit/what-kind-of-eye-damage-does-elmiron-cause/
Identifying, managing dysphotopsia after cataract surgery | OphthalmologyTimesIdentifying, managing dysphotopsia after cataract surgery | OphthalmologyTimes
Following cataract surgery, patients can present with a variety of visual complaints-i.e., dysphotopsias, aberrant optical phenomena that interfere with vision after IOL implantation. Positive dysphotopsias include rainbows, streaks, crescents, rings, halos, and veiling glare, haze, and fog. Negative dysphotopsias are relative and absolute scotomas, said Jack T. Holladay, MD, from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
http://ophthalmologytimes.modernmedicine.com/ophthalmologytimes/content/tags/cataract-surgery/identifying-managing-dysphotopsia-after-cataract-su
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Pressure and burn in eye, advised visual field test and EEG. Cause? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagicPressure and burn in eye, advised visual field test and EEG. Cause? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagic
Question - Pressure and burn in eye, advised visual field test and EEG. Cause?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Sinusitis, Ask an Ophthalmologist
http://www.healthcaremagic.com/questions/Pressure-and-burn-in-eye-advised-visual-field-test-and-EEG-Cause/302453
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what is blind spot of eyes.? | Answers from Doctors | HealthTapwhat is blind spot of eyes.? | Answers from Doctors | HealthTap
Dr. Michael Mirochna answered: Everyone has it: The blind spot of the eye is referring to a spot in your vision that you cant actually see. The brain has to us...
https://www.healthtap.com/questions/77592-what-is-blind-spot-of-eyes/
We are doing an experiment measuring the diameter of your blind spot. (1)WhyWe are doing an experiment measuring the diameter of your blind spot. (1)Why
This may be wrong- i havent taken phisics yet, but it makes some sense- because a blind spot is relativelly small it would be difficult to completely lose sight of an object because of the size difference, and also a persons eyes are constantly moving. For number two i would say that it would be rare, but while reading it would be possiable to not be able to seeevery latter, but because of the way the brain prosesses english, the reader wouldnt even notice. I hope this helped at least a little!. ...
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1257902532
Blind Spot #2: Feelings change our reality. - Kat Nesbit & TEAMSBlind Spot #2: Feelings change our reality. - Kat Nesbit & TEAMS
I want to share with you a small handful of articles that address this concept and various solutions from some wonderfully different angles.. Ive also realized that the why was not as important as the what. A great quote and highly adoptable ideology from this insightful article by Jared Akers. Id encourage all of you to read it. It might go places you didnt expect or want. It did for me and it was really fresh to see another being so openly messed up as I myself have not always had the courage to be . This article by Judith refers more to Blind Spot #1 yet is such a great business example of the potential pitfall I cant help but offer it here. Its short!. And lastly, Changing Your Thoughts Can Change Your Life also published on Huffington Post. This article offers 5 quick and helpful tips for how to course correct your thoughts as well.. In sum, if you have any doubts, refer back to my pencil repost a few weeks ago. This link goes directly to the short YouTube video from the ...
https://katnesbit.com/blind-spot-2-feelings-change-our-reality/
Blind Spot | LifePointBlind Spot | LifePoint
How many crashes have you almost been in because you didnt check your blind spot? It makes my heart pound to think of some of those close calls - particularly the ones on the Interstate. My husband bought me one of those little mirrors that attaches to the regular rearview mirror and enhances your ability…
https://beverlylewis.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/blind-spot/
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Nielsens Blind Spot and The Fight for the Future of TV RatingsNielsens Blind Spot and The Fight for the Future of TV Ratings
In the new TV economy, broadcasters must fight for every last viewer. Who can best count it for them: Nielsen, comScore or another upstart?
https://www.thewrap.com/comscore-nielsen-tv-ratings-cross-platform-total-audience/
Stephen LapthisophonStephen Lapthisophon
2018 Scotoma. Conduit Gallery. Dallas, TX 2017 The Long Goodbye. Museo de la Ciudad Queretaro. Queretaro, Mexico 2016 Styles of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Lapthisophon
Seidel signSeidel sign
Seidel's sign (also called Seidel's scotoma) is a sickle-shaped scotoma that is a superior or inferior extension of the blind ... HARRINGTON DO (1964). "The Bjerrum Scotoma". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 62: 324-48. PMC 1310164. PMID 14269898. v t e. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seidel_sign
Bjerrums areaBjerrum's area
The arcuate scotoma does not cross the horizontal divide of the visual field. Harrington, David O. (1964). "The Bjerrum Scotoma ... Of particular note is the arcuate scotoma (also known as the Bjerrums scotoma). It starts at the blind spot, arching over the ... Multiple types of scotomas form inside Bjerrum's area, typically in patients with open-angle glaucoma. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerrum's_area
Fovea centralisFovea centralis
Magnussen, Svein; Spillmann, Lothar; Stürzel, Frank; Werner, John S (2001). "Filling-in of the foveal blue scotoma". Vision ... blue light scotoma). Though this is not visible under normal circumstances due to "filling in" of information by the brain, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea_centralis
Chiasmal syndromeChiasmal syndrome
Bitemporal hemianopia with or without central scotoma is present if the lesions have affected the body of the chiasm. A ... This is also known as a junctional scotoma. An alternative explanation for the contralateral field deficit has been provided by ... This will produce an ipsilateral optic neuropathy, often manifested as a central scotoma, and a defect involving the ... Junctional scotomas classically show ipsilateral optic disc neuropathy with contralateral superotemporal defects. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiasmal_syndrome
ColobomaColoboma
Glaucoma, nystagmus, scotoma, or strabismus may also occur. Other ocular malformations that include coloboma or are related to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloboma
FloaterFloater
Ocular straylight Phosphene Scotoma Synchysis scintillans Johnson, D.; Hollands, H. (2011-11-28). "Acute-onset floaters and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floater
Amsler gridAmsler grid
It was intended to differentiate areas of scotoma and metamorphosia. Chart 5 has central white dot and horizontal white lines ... Stimulating long wavelength foveal cones, this type of chart may help in detecting color scotomas and desaturation which may ... Central serous chorioretinopathy: CSCR Causes round or oval scotoma. Macular pucker: Macular pucker also known as an epiretinal ... In 1869, Jacob Hermann Knapp described scotoma and metamorphopsia in traumatic maculopathy with choroidal rupture using ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsler_grid
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathyAcute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
Other symptoms include scotomata and photopsia. In weeks to a month times the lesions begin to clear and disappear (with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_posterior_multifocal_placoid_pigment_epitheliopathy
White dot syndromesWhite dot syndromes
Symptoms include blurred vision and scotomas. . Gray-white or yellow lesions are mainly present in the posterior pole and are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dot_syndromes
Punctate inner choroiditisPunctate inner choroiditis
Symptoms include blurred vision and scotomata. Yellow lesions are mainly present in the posterior pole and are between 100 and ... or scotoma. These areas of diminished or lost areas of the visual field are typically near the centre of vision but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctate_inner_choroiditis
Homonymous hemianopsiaHomonymous hemianopsia
Concomitant presence of a moving scintillating scotoma is suggestive of migraine, but has been seen in cerebral cancer as well ... Updated: Jul 15, 2009 Weinstein, J. M.; Appen, R. E.; Houston, L.; Zurhein, G. (1987). "Recurrent scintillating scotoma and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homonymous_hemianopsia
Burning feet syndromeBurning feet syndrome
It can even affect the eyes, causing scotoma and amblyopia. The condition occurs more frequently in women, and usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_feet_syndrome
Aspheric lensAspheric lens
The blended curvature of aspheres reduces scotoma, a ringed blind spot. Aspheric elements are often used in camera lenses. This ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspheric_lens
Ernst PöppelErnst Pöppel
Perceptual completion across a cortical scotoma is dependent on stimulus motion. Naturwissenschaften, 1985, 72(11): 599-600. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Pöppel
AkinetopsiaAkinetopsia
There was no restriction in her visual field and no scotoma. Disturbance of movement vision LM's impression of movement ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinetopsia
MigraineMigraine
Vision disturbances often consist of a scintillating scotoma (an area of partial alteration in the field of vision which ... Flickering animation a scintillating scotoma. The scintillations are of a zigzag pattern starting in the center of vision, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine
MyodiscMyodisc
They are cheap to produce but cause scotoma, a ringed blind spot. As a result, most practitioners encourage using other lens ... In some cases, more aesthetic aspheric lens designs can be fitted, reducing Scotoma associated with lenticulars. Ilango, K. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myodisc
Motion-induced blindnessMotion-induced blindness
Ramachandran, V. S.; Gregory, R. L. (1991). "Perceptual filling in of artificially induced scotomas in human vision". Nature. ... New, J. J.; Scholl, B. J. (July 2008). "'Perceptual scotomas': a functional account of motion-induced blindness". Psychological ... thus treating it as a piece of disaffiliated retina or a scotoma. Consistent with this account is the fact that targets which ... seems plausible that MIB can be a phenomenon responsible for completing missing information across the blind spot and scotomas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion-induced_blindness
Retinal migraineRetinal migraine
Entoptic phenomenon Scintillating scotoma Grosberg BM, Solomon S, Lipton RB (August 2005). "Retinal migraine". Curr Pain ... Retinal migraine is associated with transient monocular visual loss (scotoma) in one eye lasting less than one hour. During ... Retinal migraine is a different disease than scintillating scotoma, which is a visual anomaly caused by spreading depression in ... Unlike in retinal migraine, a scintillating scotoma involves repeated bouts of temporary diminished vision or blindness and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_migraine
Visual pathway lesionsVisual pathway lesions
Optic neuritis involving internal fibers of the optic nerve causes central scotoma. lf unilateral central scotoma is detected, ... Lesions at the junction of the optic nerve and chiasm may produce an ipsilateral monocular temporal scotoma known as ' ... Bilateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing producing a picture of ring scotoma is seen in bilateral occipital lobe ... Unilateral lesions can lead to homonymous hemianopias and scotomas. Bilateral lesions can cause complete cortical blindness and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_pathway_lesions
Multiple evanescent white dot syndromeMultiple evanescent white dot syndrome
Presentations like central or paracentral scotoma, Floaters and dyschromatopsia are less common. An antecedent viral prodrome ... Visual field abnormalities are variable and include generalized depression of visual field, paracentral or peripheral scotoma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_evanescent_white_dot_syndrome
Aura (symptom)Aura (symptom)
Vincent, MB; Hadjikhani, N (2007). "Migraine aura and related phenomena: beyond scotomata and scintillations". Cephalalgia. 27 ... Bright lights and blobs Zigzag lines Distortions in the size or shape of objects Vibrating visual field Scintillating scotoma ... surrounded by a somewhat larger scotoma area with distortion of shapes but otherwise melting into the background similarly to ... Shimmering, pulsating patches, often curved Tunnel vision Scotoma Blind or dark spots Curtainlike effect over one eye Slowly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(symptom)
Carl Friedrich Richard FörsterCarl Friedrich Richard Förster
... if vision of the scotoma region is a void, it is a negative scotoma, and if the scotoma is an area of darkness/lightness or ... In 1871 Förster defined the difference between negative and positive scotoma (blind spot); ... composed of hallucinatory patterns, it is called a positive scotoma. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des indirecten Sehens. Albrecht von ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Richard_Förster
Foveated imagingFoveated imaging
For example, one may present video containing a blurred region representing a scotoma. By using an eye-tracker and holding the ... the viewer will have a visual experience similar to that of a person with an actual scotoma. The figure on the right shows a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveated_imaging
Cone dystrophyCone dystrophy
As expected, visual field testing in cone dystrophy usually reveals a central scotoma. In cases with the typical bull's-eye ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_dystrophy
Dyad (novel)Dyad (novel)
Maggy tells a little about the hostile attitude of the father's doctor, one Doctor Scotoma. Yet Jim and X- end up on a train ... He is also accosted by Doctor Scotoma, who speaks very negatively about drugs. X- returns to New York, and meets with Mrs. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyad_(novel)
Blind spot (vision)Blind spot (vision)
Vertebrate Octopus A blind spot, scotoma, is an obscuration of the visual field. A particular blind spot known as the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision)
Vitelliform macular dystrophyVitelliform macular dystrophy
Scotomata appear, first with red light and then for green; finally, relative (or in more serious cases, absolute) scotomata ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitelliform_macular_dystrophy
Unconscious cognitionUnconscious cognition
In his paper on "Perceptual filling in of artificially induced scotomas in human vision" he records the effect of the ... "Perceptual filling in of artificially induced scotomas in human vision". Nature. 350 (6320): 699-702. doi:10.1038/350699a0. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconscious_cognition
Scotoma - WikipediaScotoma - Wikipedia
A pathological scotoma may involve any part of the visual field and may be of any shape or size. A scotoma may include and ... Rarely, scotomata are bilateral. One important variety of bilateral scotoma may occur when a pituitary tumour begins to ... The size of the monocular scotoma is 5×7 degrees of visual angle. A scotoma can be a symptom of damage to any part of the ... The term scotoma is also used metaphorically in several fields. The common theme of all the figurative senses is of a gap not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma
Scintillating scotoma - WikipediaScintillating scotoma - Wikipedia
Scott, Paul M. "Scintillating Scotoma (Migraine Scotoma)". Retrieved 22 June 2020. Alternate version: "Scintillating Scotoma ( ... Vision remains normal beyond the borders of the expanding scotoma(s), with objects melting into the scotoma area background ... Many migraine sufferers change from scintillating scotoma as a prodrome to migraine to scintillating scotoma without migraine. ... The scotoma area may expand to completely occupy one half of the visual area, or it may also be bilateral. It may occur as an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillating_scotoma
Scintillating Scotoma: Causes, Treatment, Risk FactorsScintillating Scotoma: Causes, Treatment, Risk Factors
Scintillating scotomas are typically benign, meaning that they arent usually a cause for concern and they go away without ... What is a scintillating scotoma?. Like other types of scotoma, scintillating scotomas appear as floaters, dots, or blind spots ... A scotoma is an aura or blind spot that obstructs part of your vision. Scintillating scotomas are blind spots that flicker and ... The scotoma will most likely resolve on its own. There are some symptoms that, when they occur with scintillating scotoma, will ...
https://www.healthline.com/health/scintillating-scotoma
Physiologic scotoma | Definition of Physiologic scotoma at Dictionary.comPhysiologic scotoma | Definition of Physiologic scotoma at Dictionary.com
Physiologic scotoma definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look ... physiologic scotoma, physiologic unit, physiological, physiological anatomy, physiological atmosphere, physiological dead space ...
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/physiologic-scotoma
Question about scintillating scotoma - Eye Care - MedHelpQuestion about scintillating scotoma - Eye Care - MedHelp
It looks like a small scintillation scotoma. The stain lasts 5-15 minutes and disap... ... Expansion of the scotoma does not occur, it is always the same size (unlike scotoma during an aura with migraines). In addition ... If migraine scotoma atypical: Would NOT be there except during atypical migraine. 2. Would be able to be seen with eyes open ... If it is an atypical migraine scotoma (an exclusion diagnosis after all other tests done). You should be able to see it with ...
https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Eye-Care/Question-about-scintillating-scotoma/show/3036181
Scintillating scotoma - definition of scintillating scotoma by The Free DictionaryScintillating scotoma - definition of scintillating scotoma by The Free Dictionary
scintillating scotoma synonyms, scintillating scotoma pronunciation, scintillating scotoma translation, English dictionary ... Noun 1. scintillating scotoma - a localized area of diminished vision edged by shimmering colored lights; in many people it ... scintillating scotoma. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend ... scintillating scotoma - a localized area of diminished vision edged by shimmering colored lights; in many people it indicates ...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/scintillating+scotoma
scotoma | Origin and meaning of scotoma by Online Etymology Dictionaryscotoma | Origin and meaning of scotoma by Online Etymology Dictionary
scotoma (n.). (plural scotomata), 1540s, from Late Latin scotoma, from Greek skotoma dizziness, from skotoun to darken, ...
https://www.etymonline.com/word/scotoma
Malte Urbschat 'Phosphenes and Scotomas' - Baltimore SunMalte Urbschat 'Phosphenes and Scotomas' - Baltimore Sun
... and scotomas (flickering light in the field of vision that obscures vision in that area). For... ... and scotomas (flickering light in the field of vision that obscures vision in that area). For more about migraine symptoms -and ... and scotomas (flickering light in the field of vision that obscures vision in that area). For more about migraine symptoms -and ... and scotomas (flickering light in the field of vision that obscures vision in that area). For more about migraine symptoms -and ...
http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/la-he-diseases-art-photos-011-photo.html
Scotoma - wikidocScotoma - wikidoc
A scotoma (Greek: darkness; plural: "scotomas" or "scotomata") is an area or island of loss or impairment of visual acuity ... A pathological scotoma may involve any part of the visual field and may be of any shape or size. A scotoma may include and ... Rarely, scotomata are bilateral. One important variety of bilateral scotoma may occur when a pituitary tumour begins to ... Even a small scotoma that happens to affect central or macular vision will produce a severe visual handicap, whereas a large ...
http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Scotoma
Showing results for tags scotoma. - ACN Latitudes ForumsShowing results for tags 'scotoma'. - ACN Latitudes Forums
Im new to this forum, though Ive been reading avidly, trying to absorb peoples experiences -- and get validation. Last week my DS16 got a new symptom that creeps him out and puzzles me. He is newly dx with PANS, and more complex symptoms than DS21, who used to get PANDAS exacerbations w/ sinusitis, (responsive to Abx (+ steroids)). Recently DS16 has got severe anxiety, panic of dark (at 16!), intense anger / emotionality, sensory intolerance (glass, ceramic, rubbery textures ..), deteriorated handwriting, and some choreiform movements. Gifted (well 2E) but w/ inexplicable terror ab ...
https://latitudes.org/forums/tags/scotoma/?_nodeSelectName=blog_entry_node&_noJs=1
The prefrontal cortex and oculomotor delayed response: a reconsideration of the mnemonic scotoma. - PubMed - NCBIThe prefrontal cortex and oculomotor delayed response: a reconsideration of the "mnemonic scotoma". - PubMed - NCBI
The prefrontal cortex and oculomotor delayed response: a reconsideration of the "mnemonic scotoma".. Tsujimoto S1, Postle BR. ... These findings suggest a need for a reconsideration of the concept of the mnemonic scotoma, which in turn invites a ... The concept of the "mnemonic scotoma," a spatially circumscribed region of working memory impairment produced by unilateral ... The prefrontal cortex and oculomotor delayed response: a reconsideration of the "mnemonic scotoma" ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098265?dopt=Abstract
Bilateral ring scotomas paracentral vision; new symptoms - Eye Care - MedHelpBilateral ring scotomas paracentral vision; new symptoms - Eye Care - MedHelp
Hi doctor and everyone, My vision problems started 3 years ago. I was 29. I woke up with a bright spot in my left eye vision. It was very near my point of focus, but to the upper left. It reminded m...
https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Eye-Care/Bilateral-ring-scotomas-paracentral-vision-new-symptoms/show/1992373
Monocular Scotomata and Spinal Manipulation: The Step PhenomenonMonocular Scotomata and Spinal Manipulation: The Step Phenomenon
... http://www.chiro.org/cases/ABSTRACTS/Monocular_Scotomata.shtml ... Monocular Scotomata and Spinal Manipulation:. The Step Phenomenon This section is compiled by Frank M. Painter, D.C.. Send all ... CLINICAL FEATURES: A 62-yr-old man developed a scotoma in the vision of the right eye during chiropractic treatment. ... INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Spinal manipulation treatment was continued with total resolution of the scotoma. The rate of ...
http://chiro.org/cases/ABSTRACTS/Monocular_Scotomata.shtml
ICD-9 Code 368.42 -Scotoma of blind spot area- Codify by AAPCICD-9 Code 368.42 -Scotoma of blind spot area- Codify by AAPC
ICD-9 code 368.42 for Scotoma of blind spot area is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - DISORDERS OF ... Scotoma of blind spot area (368.42). ICD-9 code 368.42 for Scotoma of blind spot area is a medical classification as listed by ...
https://www.aapc.com/codes/icd9-codes/368.42?rf=sc
Flittering scotoma - Biology-Online Dictionary | Biology-Online DictionaryFlittering scotoma - Biology-Online Dictionary | Biology-Online Dictionary
Flittering scotoma --, scintillating scotoma a localised area of blindness edged by brilliantly coloured shimmering lights ( ... Retrieved from "https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/index.php?title=Flittering_scotoma&oldid=32198" ...
https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Flittering_scotoma
Arcuate Scotomas - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.orgArcuate Scotomas - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
Arcuate Scotomas. A localized defect in the Visual Field bordered by an area of normal Vision. This occurs with a variety of ...
http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/definitions-a/arcuate-scotomas.html
Peripheral scotoma | definition of peripheral scotoma by Medical dictionaryPeripheral scotoma | definition of peripheral scotoma by Medical dictionary
What is peripheral scotoma? Meaning of peripheral scotoma medical term. What does peripheral scotoma mean? ... Looking for online definition of peripheral scotoma in the Medical Dictionary? peripheral scotoma explanation free. ... peripheral scotoma. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.. Related to peripheral scotoma: central scotoma scotoma ... negative scotoma a scotoma appearing as a blank spot in the visual field; the patient is unaware of it, and it is detected only ...
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/peripheral+scotoma
Scotoma | definition of scotoma by Medical dictionaryScotoma | definition of scotoma by Medical dictionary
... scotoma explanation free. What is scotoma? Meaning of scotoma medical term. What does scotoma mean? ... Looking for online definition of scotoma in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to scotoma: centrocecal scotoma, arcuate scotoma, positive scotoma, negative scotoma. scotoma. [sko-to´mah] (Gr.) 1. an ... See retinoschisis; relative scotoma.. annular scotoma See arcuate scotoma; ring scotoma.. arcuate scotoma Scotoma running from ...
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/scotoma
Dense Scotoma Enlargement Rate in Stargardt Disease | IOVS | ARVO JournalsDense Scotoma Enlargement Rate in Stargardt Disease | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Twelve patients had extensive mapping of the dense scotoma; seven mapped the full boundary of the scotoma so that an ... Dense Scotoma Enlargement Rate in Stargardt Disease You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or ... The mean rate of enlargement of the dense scotoma was 1.37 mm2 per year (std dev 1.08). The two eyes of each patient were ... Dense scotomas continue to enlarge over time in Stargardt disease. There is strong correlation in enlargement rate between eyes ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2333720
Considering Apical Scotomas, Confusion, and Diplopia When Prescribing Prisms for Homonymous HemianopiaConsidering Apical Scotomas, Confusion, and Diplopia When Prescribing Prisms for Homonymous Hemianopia
... Transl Vis Sci Technol. ... In addition, the field behind a prism at its apex is lost to an apical scotoma equal in magnitude to the amount of prism shift ... The perceptual consequences of apical scotomas and the other effects of various designs were examined to consider parameters ... sector prisms also have an effect only when the gaze is directed into the prism and may cause a pericentral scotoma and/or ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24049719/
Macular ganglion cell asymmetry for detecting paracentral scotoma in e | OPTHMacular ganglion cell asymmetry for detecting paracentral scotoma in e | OPTH
All glaucomatous eyes had scotoma within the central 12 degrees of fixation and confined to one hemifield. We measured ... We evaluated macular ganglion cell asymmetry as a tool for diagnosing paracentral scotoma (PCS) in early glaucoma.Patients and ... Macular ganglion cell asymmetry for detecting paracentral scotoma in early glaucoma Hsin-Yu Yang,1 Yu-Fan Chang,1,2 Chih-Chien ... Cho HK, Lee J, Lee M, Kee C. Initial central scotomas vs peripheral scotomas in normal-tension glaucoma: clinical ...
https://www.dovepress.com/macular-ganglion-cell-asymmetry-for-detecting-paracentral-scotoma-in-e-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH
Assessing visual fields for driving in patients with paracentral scotomata. - PubMed - NCBIAssessing visual fields for driving in patients with paracentral scotomata. - PubMed - NCBI
Assessing visual fields for driving in patients with paracentral scotomata.. Chisholm CM1, Rauscher FG, Crabb DC, Davies LN, ... To examine the level of agreement between the EVFT and IVF for patients with binocular paracentral scotomata, caused by either ... 60 patients with binocular paracentral scotomata but normal visual acuity (VA) were recruited prospectively. Subjects completed ... some individuals currently classed as unfit to drive due to paracentral scotomata of non-glaucomatous origin. The suitability ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962396
Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold...Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold...
Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold ... Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold ... different perimetric devices, different perimetric grids: Octopus: New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast ... Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE), Using a New Fast GATE (German Adaptive Threshold Estimation ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00902109?view=results
Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold...Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold...
Scotoma. Ocular Hypertension. Eye Diseases. Vision Disorders. Sensation Disorders. Neurologic Manifestations. Nervous System ... Study to Compare Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast German Adaptive Threshold ... different perimetric devices, different perimetric grids: Octopus: New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE) Using a New Fast ... Standard Perimetry With the New Scotoma-Oriented Perimetry (SCOPE), Using a New Fast GATE (German Adaptive Threshold Estimation ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00902109
Differential Diagnosis of the Arcuate Scotoma | IOVS | ARVO JournalsDifferential Diagnosis of the Arcuate Scotoma | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Differential Diagnosis of the Arcuate Scotoma You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited ... The retinal locus of fixation in simulations of progressing central scotomas. Transfer of an induced preferred retinal locus of ... DAVID O. HARRINGTON; Differential Diagnosis of the Arcuate Scotoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1969;8(1):96-105. ... Assessing the GOANNA Visual Field Algorithm Using Artificial Scotoma Generation on Human Observers ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2203510
Full text] Scotoma analysis of 10-2 visual field testing with a red target | OPTHFull text] Scotoma analysis of 10-2 visual field testing with a red target | OPTH
... percentage of persistent scotoma points, size of scotomas, location of scotomas, and percentage of scotomas deepening. Results ... Scotoma points in eyes with retinopathy are less variable. The annular zone 2°-8° from fixation was useful for distinguishing ... Location and depth of scotoma points on 10-2 VF testing were recorded and their fates followed in serial, reliable 10-2 VFs ... Retinopathy was defined by annular scotomas on 10-2 VF testing with corroborative spectral domain optical coherence tomographic ...
https://www.dovepress.com/scotoma-analysis-of-10ndash2-visual-field-testing-with-a-red-target-in-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH
Treating Our Societal Scotoma: The Case for Investing in Geriatrics, Our Nations Future, and Our Patients | Annals of Internal...Treating Our Societal Scotoma: The Case for Investing in Geriatrics, Our Nation's Future, and Our Patients | Annals of Internal...
Treating Our Societal Scotoma: The Case for Investing in Geriatrics, Our Nations Future, and Our Patients Rosanne M. Leipzig, ... Treating Our Societal Scotoma: The Case for Investing in Geriatrics, Our Nations Future, and Our Patients. Ann Intern Med. ; ... In the United States, our society has a scotoma, which prevents us from seeing the necessity of changing our health system in ...
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/1134669/treating-our-societal-scotoma-case-investing-geriatrics-our-nation-s
Frontiers | Functions of delay-period activity in the prefrontal cortex and mnemonic scotomas revisited | Frontiers in Systems...Frontiers | Functions of delay-period activity in the prefrontal cortex and mnemonic scotomas revisited | Frontiers in Systems...
Mnemonic Scotoma. Using the ODR task, we found clear behavioral effects of unilateral or bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral ... However, mnemonic scotoma is an important concept to understand prefrontal functions. The opinion of their paper is based on ... Tsujimoto and Postle (2012) claimed that the concept of "mnemonic scotoma" needed to be reconsidered, as did the function of ... Thus, these human studies also agree with the features observed in monkey lesion studies and the notion of mnemonic scotomas. ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00002/full
Central scotoma | Article about central scotoma by The Free DictionaryCentral scotoma | Article about central scotoma by The Free Dictionary
a blind area within the visual field, not affecting the surrounding area of the eye.... Explanation of central scotoma ... Find out information about central scotoma. A blind spot or area of depressed vision in the visual field. ... Related to central scotoma: optic neuritis, centrocecal scotoma. scotoma. [skə′tō·mə] (medicine) A blind spot or area of ... Scotoma. a blind area within the visual field, not affecting the surrounding area of the eye. Physiologic scotoma is that area ...
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/central+scotoma
The thin man phenomenon: a sign of cortical plasticity following inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas | British Journal...The "thin man" phenomenon: a sign of cortical plasticity following inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas | British Journal...
This figure was presented in such a way that when the subject looked at the fixation point the right line crossed the scotoma. ... Occurrence of such a perceptual change should alert one to the possibility of paracentral homonymous scotomas, which often go ... METHODS Two consecutive patients with right inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas resulting from ischaemic brain insults ... CONCLUSIONS Paracentral homonymous scotomas can be associated with perceptual completion and shape distortion, owing to ...
https://bjo.bmj.com/content/83/2/137.abstract
Relative scotomaNegative scotomaScintillating ScotomaSymptomsMacularPositive scotomaPhysiologicGlaucomaFloatersPerimetryFixation pointSymptomSmall scotomaDense scotomaApical scotomaAnnular scotomaArcuate ScotomasAbsolute scotomaParacentral scotomasDarknessCentralRetinitis pigmentosaTerm scotomaMigraine scotomaDefectGlaucomatous eyesOccurCortical spreadingAuraDiplopiaRetinalPluralMnemonicOptic neuritisMultiple sclerosisVisual-fieldBlindLesionBinocularArtificialDefectsPeripheryArea of partialVisionNerveAffects both eyes
Relative scotoma2
  • relative scotoma an area of the visual field in which perception of light is only diminished, or loss is restricted to light of certain wavelengths. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Pre retinal hemorrhage causes diminution of the visual field and absolute or relative scotoma (Fig. 282). (operatingmicroscopes.com)
Negative scotoma3
  • It is perceived as a dark spot (positive scotoma) or as a blank spot (negative scotoma) that can be detected only through special testing. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • I had a small 'negative scotoma' in my right eye that came on suddenly and persisted for a couple of years. (blogspot.com)
  • The negative scotoma is not at first recognized by the patient, but is developed through the examination. (operatingmicroscopes.com)
Scintillating Scotoma26
  • Scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura in migraine. (wikipedia.org)
  • What Is a Scintillating Scotoma? (healthline.com)
  • What are the primary causes of a scintillating scotoma? (healthline.com)
  • Some people may be more at risk of developing scintillating scotoma symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • There are some symptoms that, when they occur with scintillating scotoma, will need to be addressed by a medial professional. (healthline.com)
  • Scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura that was first described by 19th-century physician Hubert Airy (1838-1903). (wikipedia.org)
  • Many variations occur, but scintillating scotoma usually begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual field, which prevents vision within the scotoma area. (wikipedia.org)
  • Animated depictions Flickering animation of a scintillating scotoma, where the scintillations were of a zigzag pattern starting in the center of vision, surrounded by a somewhat larger scotoma area with distortion of shapes but otherwise melting into the background similarly to the physiological blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
  • A depiction of a scintillating scotoma that was almost spiral-shaped, with distortion of shapes but otherwise melting into the background similarly to the physiological blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study did not find a link between late-life onset scintillating scotoma and stroke. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many migraine sufferers change from scintillating scotoma as a prodrome to migraine to scintillating scotoma without migraine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The episodes are reportedly always similar in nature, with an expanding scintillating scotoma and without subsequent headache. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Her migraines occur about once a month, and she reports classic symptoms of aura, scintillating scotoma , right retroorbital pain, and nausea. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Example of a scintillating scotoma , as may be caused by cortical spreading depression . (wikidoc.org)
  • After all these years, I had my first (and hopefully last) scintillating scotoma while sitting on the couch playing "words with friends" on my ipad and watching TV. (blogspot.com)
  • My scintillating scotoma lasted about 15 minutes and it took me awhile to figure out what it was. (blogspot.com)
  • I guess I just experienced scintillating scotoma for the first time myself. (blogspot.com)
  • My doctor asked some questions, didn't seem concerned, and told me I had a condition called acephalgic (painless) migraine, ocular or optical migraine, or scintillating scotoma. (blogspot.com)
  • Scintillating scotoma is a bit of an annoyance, and that's all. (blogspot.com)
  • Scintillating Scotoma, you are not familiar with it, are you? (treatheadaches.com)
  • Visual aura or scintillating scotoma is not blurry, it is a transient or longstanding visual perceptual disturbance experienced with a migraine or seizure. (treatheadaches.com)
  • That's when you know that you might be experiencing scintillating scotoma. (treatheadaches.com)
  • Scintillating scotoma is also referred as teichopsia or a visual migraine, it is the most common visual aura prior to having a migraine. (treatheadaches.com)
  • The slowly expanding area of visual loss with a stimulating, jagged border that can last up to 20 minutes and then goes back to a normal vision, can occur acephalgically (scintillating scotoma without a headache). (treatheadaches.com)
  • The scintillating scotoma can be 'seen' with the eyes closed. (treatheadaches.com)
  • Flickering animation a scintillating scotoma . (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms7
  • Knowing more about scintillating scotomas can help you figure out what's causing it and whether you need to discuss your symptoms with a doctor. (healthline.com)
  • Lying down to rest, closing your eyes, drinking water, and taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may help to relieve mild symptoms of scotomas. (healthline.com)
  • If you have symptoms of scotomas often due to migraine or another underlying health condition, your doctor may suggest treatment options. (healthline.com)
  • Other risk factors and symptoms you have will help your doctor determine whether your scotomas are a cause for concern. (healthline.com)
  • The Framingham Heart Study, published in 1998, surveyed 5,070 people between ages 30-62 and found that scintillating scotomas without other symptoms occurred in 1.23% of the group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically the scotoma resolves spontaneously within the stated time frame, leaving no subsequent symptoms, though some report fatigue, nausea, and dizziness as sequelae. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this piece, he has represented - among other migraine aura symptoms - phosphenes (sensing light when there isn't any light actually entering the eye) and scotomas (flickering light in the field of vision that obscures vision in that area). (baltimoresun.com)
Macular10
  • A scotoma can be a symptom of damage to any part of the visual system, such as retinal damage from exposure to high-powered lasers, macular degeneration and brain damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even a small scotoma that happens to affect central or macular vision will produce a severe visual disability, whereas a large scotoma in the more peripheral part of a visual field may go unnoticed by the bearer because of the normal reduced optical resolution in the peripheral visual field. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), damage to nerve fiber layer in the retina (seen as cotton wool spots) due to hypertension, toxic substances such as methyl alcohol, ethambutol and quinine, nutritional deficiencies, vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve, stroke or other brain injury, and macular degeneration, often associated with aging. (wikipedia.org)
  • We evaluated macular ganglion cell asymmetry as a tool for diagnosing paracentral scotoma (PCS) in early glaucoma. (dovepress.com)
  • The most frequent of these diseases is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which foveal vision is often impaired by a central scotoma that impairs vision of fine detail and causes problems with reading and recognizing faces. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The implantable miniature telescope (IMT™) is important for patients who suffer from bilateral central scotomas due to end-stage macular degeneration associated with geographic atrophy or disciform scar, foveal involvement and/or cataracts . (healthguideinfo.com)
  • Here are the tests I have had so far: MRI - Normal2 ERGs - NormalVEP - Normal2 Angiograms - Normal4 Macular scans - NormalPressure test every visit - Normal8 visual field tests - All 8 look exactly the same and show the 3 scotomas They have ruled out optic neuritis and feel that the problem is with the retina, but aren't sure how to proceed. (ourhealth.com)
  • We discuss the implications of our findings for patients who have a biological scotoma, for example, in macular degeneration. (arvojournals.org)
  • In age-related macular degeneration, the center part of the eye and retina known as the macula dies-off, leaving a black hole or "scotoma" right where you're looking. (noaa.gov)
  • This prospective study evaluates the frequency and significance of scotomas after vitrectomy with gas tamponade for stage I-IV macular holes. (nih.gov)
Positive scotoma2
Physiologic4
  • physiologic scotoma that area of the visual field corresponding with the optic disk, in which the photosensitive receptors are absent. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Physiologic scotoma is that area of a healthy eye's visual field corresponding with the optic disk, which does not have photoreceptors. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • At the temporal side of the fixation point from 10 20' is the physiologic blind spot or scotoma of Mariotte (Fig. 279). (operatingmicroscopes.com)
  • The physiologic scotoma may be larger or smaller according to the size of the nerve bead. (operatingmicroscopes.com)
Glaucoma4
  • Scintillating scotomas can happen before or during a migraine or because of an underlying condition, such as glaucoma or multiple sclerosis (MS) . (healthline.com)
  • Bjerrum's scotoma An arcuate scotoma extending around the fixation point (usually located between the 10º and 20º circles), which occurs in open-angle glaucoma. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Pupil sensitivity maps highlighted large field scotomas and indicated the type of visual field defect (VFD) as initially diagnosed with standard automated perimetry (SAP) fairly accurately in CVI patients but less accurately in glaucoma patients. (uu.nl)
  • Is the arcuate scotoma or the cupping due to Glaucoma? (goodhopeeyeclinic.org.uk)
Floaters2
  • Like other types of scotoma, scintillating scotomas appear as floaters , dots, or blind spots in your field of vision. (healthline.com)
  • In most patients, CMV retinitis has an insidious onset that is often asymptomatic, beginning with transient visual obscurations ("floaters") and visual indistinction and haze, and eventually leading to geographic scotoma and, possibly, complete blindness. (medscape.com)
Perimetry3
  • The rate of recovery of the scotoma was mapped using computerized static perimetry. (chiro.org)
  • To examine whether high spatial resolution perimetry (HSRP) could identify fine scale scotomata which may not be apparent with conventional perimetry. (bmj.com)
  • HSRP can identify scotoma in glaucomatous eyes in the nasal field which may be missed with the lower spatial resolution of conventional perimetry. (bmj.com)
Fixation point3
  • central scotoma an area of depressed vision corresponding with the fixation point and interfering with or abolishing central vision. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • centrocecal scotoma a horizontal oval defect in the visual field situated between and embracing both the fixation point and the blind spot. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • This figure was presented in such a way that when the subject looked at the fixation point the right line crossed the scotoma. (bmj.com)
Symptom5
  • Symptom-producing, or pathological, scotomata may be due to a wide range of disease processes, affecting any part of the visual system, including the retina (in particular its most sensitive portion, the macula), the optic nerve and even the visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a pregnant woman, scotomata can present as a symptom of severe preeclampsia, a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptom-producing or pathological scotomata may be due to a wide range of disease processes, affecting either the retina (in particular its most sensitive portion, the macula ) or the optic nerve itself. (wikidoc.org)
  • Pathologic scotoma is a diagnostic symptom of many diseases, including retinitis and atrophy of the optic nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Scotoma is also a symptom of retinal damage from exposure to high-powered lasers. (milesstemp.com)
Small scotoma1
  • He had a very small scotoma, affecting both eyes, immediately to the right of central fixation. (aao.org)
Dense scotoma6
  • In Stargardt disease, unlike geographic atrophy from AMD, the dense scotoma often far exceeds the size of the atrophic lesion on fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, or color fundus photos. (arvojournals.org)
  • For this reason, microperimetry is necessary for determining the size of dense scotoma and its enlargement over time. (arvojournals.org)
  • We mapped the dense scotoma over time in a group of Stargardt patients and present the findings here. (arvojournals.org)
  • The mean rate of enlargement of the dense scotoma was 1.37 mm 2 per year (std dev 1.08). (arvojournals.org)
  • The mean time required for dense scotoma mapping was 5.3 minutes per eye, with no eye requiring more than 10 minutes. (arvojournals.org)
  • In all these cases, the borders of the dense scotoma could not be predicted based on the fundus image. (arvojournals.org)
Apical scotoma2
  • In addition, the field behind a prism at its apex is lost to an apical scotoma equal in magnitude to the amount of prism shift. (nih.gov)
  • We will elaborate on the tradeoffs induced in HH lens designs due to prismatic effects such as apical scotoma, confusion and diplopia. (2020mag.com)
Annular scotoma2
  • annular scotoma a circular area of depressed vision surrounding the point of fixation. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • A double arcuate scotoma extending both in the upper and lower part of the field may join to make an annular scotoma or ring scotoma . (thefreedictionary.com)
Arcuate Scotomas1
Absolute scotoma2
  • absolute scotoma an area within the visual field in which perception of light is entirely lost. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • absolute scotoma A scotoma in which vision is entirely absent in the affected area. (thefreedictionary.com)
Paracentral scotomas4
  • AIM To investigate an image distortion, experienced by patients with homonymous paracentral scotomas. (bmj.com)
  • METHODS Two consecutive patients with right inferior homonymous paracentral scotomas resulting from ischaemic brain insults were examined. (bmj.com)
  • Paracentral scotomas - but no diagnosis! (ourhealth.com)
  • I have three paracentral scotomas - blind spots in my eye that are off to the side, not in the central line of vision - in my left eye. (ourhealth.com)
Darkness1
  • plural scotomata ), 1540s, from Late Latin scotoma , from Greek skotoma 'dizziness,' from skotoun 'to darken,' from skotos 'darkness' (from PIE root *skoto- 'dark, shade. (etymonline.com)
Central19
  • Normal central vision may return several minutes before the scotoma disappears from peripheral vision. (wikipedia.org)
  • Example image showing small, deep central scotoma, as may be caused by age-related maculopathy. (wikidoc.org)
  • The concept of the "mnemonic scotoma," a spatially circumscribed region of working memory impairment produced by unilateral lesions of the PFC, is central to the view that PFC is critical for the short-term retention of information. (nih.gov)
  • a scotoma outside of the central 30 degrees of the visual field. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • When fitted unilaterally, sector prisms also have an effect only when the gaze is directed into the prism and may cause a pericentral scotoma and/or central diplopia. (nih.gov)
  • All glaucomatous eyes had scotoma within the central 12 degrees of fixation and confined to one hemifield. (dovepress.com)
  • However, despite resolution of ocular signs, all reported residual mild central scotoma that was reflected on HVF as an area of subtle decrease in sensitivity in the central vision (Figure 1). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Limited portability and the lack of access to a microperimeter or a tangent screen have led to the development of more simplified methods of testing the boundaries of a central scotoma for training in eccentric viewing. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Nilsson reported that, since the 1970s, a low-vision service in Sweden has been instructing patients in the use of a trained retinal locus (TRL) in a retinal area that is "more advantageous to reading," defined as above or below an absolute central scotoma as opposed to the left or right of the scotoma [25]. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Patients with AMD and large absolute central scotoma can be trained successfully to use eccentric viewing, as demonstrated in scanning laser ophthalmoscope. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • they look to the side or above the object of interest in a consistent way and thereby move the central scotoma out of the way. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In advanced cases, patients can report an absolute central scotoma , which can be corroborated by performing the Amsler grid test. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • A central visual field analysis using SLO demonstrated a large central scotoma in the right eye with no established preferred retinal locus. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • For example, people who are affected by Central Scotomas might have some difficulty discerning colors or vivid details. (protect-your-eyesight.com)
  • The scotoma may occupy various positions, be single or multiple, central, para or pericentral, or may have a circular form, the so called ring scotoma (see also page 169). (operatingmicroscopes.com)
  • Additionally, there is a special section devoted to patients with central scotoma. (routledge.com)
  • A relative central scotoma (area of lost or depressed vision within the visual field surrounded by an area of less depressed or normal vision) results, but usually resolves spontaneously within a few months. (healthcentral.com)
  • She describes a blurred central scotoma. (retinagallery.com)
  • Note the central scotoma. (hindawi.com)
Retinitis pigmentosa1
  • Example image showing a peripheral ring scotoma, as may be caused by retinitis pigmentosa . (wikidoc.org)
Term scotoma2
  • The term scotoma is also used metaphorically in several fields. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term scotoma is also used metaphorically in psychology to refer to an individual's inability to perceive personality traits in themselves that are obvious to others. (milesstemp.com)
Migraine scotoma2
  • If it is an atypical migraine scotoma (an exclusion diagnosis after all other tests done). (medhelp.org)
  • If migraine scotoma atypical: Would NOT be there except during atypical migraine. (medhelp.org)
Defect2
  • arcuate scotoma an arc-shaped defect of vision arising in an area near the blind spot and extending toward it. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS Paracentral homonymous scotomas can be associated with perceptual completion and shape distortion, owing to apparent displacement of images adjacent to the scotoma towards the field defect. (bmj.com)
Glaucomatous eyes1
  • Glaucomatous eyes with paracentral scotoma (PCS) carry the highest risk of visual acuity loss. (dovepress.com)
Occur5
  • One important variety of bilateral scotoma may occur when a pituitary tumour begins to compress the optic chiasm (as distinct from a single optic nerve) and produces a bitemporal paracentral scotoma, and later, when the tumor enlarges, the scotomas extend out to the periphery to cause the characteristic bitemporal hemianopsia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Headache pain may occur along with scintillating scotomas, or you may feel no pain at all. (healthline.com)
  • Expansion of the scotoma does not occur, it is always the same size (unlike scotoma during an aura with migraines). (medhelp.org)
  • One important variety of bilateral scotoma may occur when a pituitary tumour begins to compress the optic chiasm (as distinct from a single optic nerve) and produces a bi-temporal hemicentral scotomatous hemianopia. (wikidoc.org)
  • Scintillating scotomas without pain most likely to occur at the age of 50. (treatheadaches.com)
Cortical spreading2
  • Scintillating scotomas are typically caused by what's known as cortical spreading depression. (healthline.com)
  • Scintillating scotomas are most commonly caused by cortical spreading depression, a pattern of changes in the behavior of nerves in the brain during a migraine. (wikipedia.org)
Aura2
  • A scotoma is an aura or blind spot that obstructs part of your vision. (healthline.com)
  • Scotomas are a type of aura , a visual phenomenon, that's fairly common. (healthline.com)
Diplopia1
  • Understand the definition of scotoma, visual confusion and prism induced diplopia. (2020mag.com)
Retinal3
  • arcuate scotoma Scotoma running from the blind spot into the nasal visual field and following the course of the retinal nerve fibres. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Retinopathy was defined by annular scotomas on 10-2 VF testing with corroborative spectral domain optical coherence tomographic outer retinal changes and multifocal electroretinographic changes leading to cessation of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. (dovepress.com)
  • Retinal lesion experiments were conducted on Monkey 1 and 2, whereas Monkey 3 and 4 were only used for an experiment to measure V1 activity within an artificial scotoma. (jneurosci.org)
Plural3
  • plural: "scotomas" or " scotomata ") is an area or island of loss or impairment of visual acuity surrounded by a field of normal or relatively well-preserved vision . (wikidoc.org)
  • plural: scotomas or scotomata) is an area of partial. (malacards.org)
  • plural: scotomas or scotomata) is an area of partial alteration in the field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity that is surrounded by a field of normal - or relatively well-preserved - vision. (milesstemp.com)
Mnemonic1
  • These findings suggest a need for a reconsideration of the concept of the mnemonic scotoma, which in turn invites a reconsideration of functional interpretations of sustained neuronal activity in PFC. (nih.gov)
Optic neuritis1
  • The research has for the first time showed that microperimetry technique allows to reveal cntral scotomas of all sizes in optic neuritis with the MS. For the first time, an algorithm was developed for examination for optic neuritis with the MS in patients with different visual acuity. (pmarchive.ru)
Multiple sclerosis2
  • Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), toxic substances such as methyl alcohol , ethambutol and quinine , nutritional deficiencies, and vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve. (wikidoc.org)
  • Common causes of scotomata include demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (retrobulbar neuritis), damage to nerve fiber layer in the retina (seen as cotton wool spots) due to hypertension, toxic substances such as methyl alcohol, ethambutol and quinine, nutritional deficiencies and vascular blockages. (treatheadaches.com)
Visual-field13
  • The presence of the blind spot scotoma can be demonstrated subjectively by covering one eye, carefully holding fixation with the open eye, and placing an object (such as one's thumb) in the lateral and horizontal visual field, about 15 degrees from fixation (see the blind spot article). (wikipedia.org)
  • A pathological scotoma may involve any part of the visual field and may be of any shape or size. (wikipedia.org)
  • color scotoma an isolated area of depressed or defective vision for color in the visual field. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • peripheral scotoma an area of depressed vision toward the periphery of the visual field. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • To quantify the variability of scotomas detected by 10-2 visual field (VF) testing with a red target in patients taking hydroxychloroquine without and with retinopathy. (dovepress.com)
  • Occurrence of such a perceptual change should alert one to the possibility of paracentral homonymous scotomas, which often go undetected when using routine visual field testing procedures. (bmj.com)
  • Scotoma, also known as generalized visual field contraction or constriction , is related to optic atrophy 1 and migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2 . (malacards.org)
  • A scotoma is a partial loss of vision in a normal visual field. (blogspot.com)
  • Scotomas can be characterized by one or more dark or light areas or blurred regions in the visual field. (treatheadaches.com)
  • This condition begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual field that can prevent vision within the scotoma area. (treatheadaches.com)
  • How easy is it, then, to find information, particularly if that information is presented at a location in the visual field that is hidden by an artificial scotoma? (arvojournals.org)
  • Foreign bodies or opacities in the cornea, lens, vitreous (Fig. 281), or outer layers of the retina may be attended by obscuration of vision through optic hindrance, and cause amblyopia, contraction of the visual field, and scotoma. (operatingmicroscopes.com)
  • The Academy's Vision Rehabilitation: Preferred Practice Pattern ( PPP ) recommends referral when corrected acuity is less than 20/40 in the better eye or when there is impaired contrast sensitivity, visual field loss, or a scotoma. (aao.org)
Blind9
  • Every normal mammalian eye has a scotoma in its field of vision, usually termed its blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
  • A scotoma may include and enlarge the normal blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scintillating scotomas are blind spots that flicker and waver between light and dark. (healthline.com)
  • Vision remains normal beyond the borders of the expanding scotoma(s), with objects melting into the scotoma area background similarly to the physiological blind spot, which means that objects may be seen better by not looking directly at them in the early stages when the spot is in or near the center. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of this normal scotoma does not intrude into consciousness because it is very small, but it can be demonstrated to oneself by the simplest of clinical methods (such as the one in the blind spot article). (wikidoc.org)
  • ICD-9 code 368.42 for Scotoma of blind spot area is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -DISORDERS OF THE EYE AND ADNEXA (360-379). (aapc.com)
  • Most of the time, unless it's a massive blind spot or there are multiple Scotomas clustered in the same area, the degeneration of the eyesight in that particular area can be completely unnoticeable. (protect-your-eyesight.com)
  • 11. Scotomata, a group characterized by formation of scotomata or blind spots in one or both eyes, in some instances having a hemianopic aspect. (operatingmicroscopes.com)
  • The natural blind spot (scotoma) is due to lack of receptors (rods or cones) where the optic nerve and blood vessels leave the eye. (scholarpedia.org)
Lesion1
  • In the absence of a lesion, visual stimulation surrounding an artificial scotoma did not elicit visual responses, suggesting that the postlesion RF shifts resulted from cortical reorganization. (jneurosci.org)
Binocular2
  • To examine the level of agreement between the EVFT and IVF for patients with binocular paracentral scotomata, caused by either ophthalmological or neurological conditions, and to compare outcomes with useful field of view (UFOV) performance, a test of visual attention thought to be important in driving. (nih.gov)
  • 60 patients with binocular paracentral scotomata but normal visual acuity (VA) were recruited prospectively. (nih.gov)
Artificial1
  • Here we address this question by studying whether healthy adults can make saccades in the direction of an invisible, artificial, gaze-contingent scotoma that is presented in the periphery. (arvojournals.org)
Defects2
  • Overall, 7/17 (41%) suspect eyes (95% confidence interval 5/17 (29%) to 7/17 (41%)) had nasal scotomata on HSRP, although their HFA 24-2 fields failed to identify any defects. (bmj.com)
  • In 12 these coexisted with HFA 24-2 defects at the same location, while in three eyes only HSRP identified scotomata in the nasal field. (bmj.com)
Periphery1
  • We investigated whether adults with healthy vision can move their eyes toward an informative target area that is initially hidden by a gaze-contingent scotoma in the periphery when they are under time pressure. (arvojournals.org)
Area of partial1
  • A scotoma is an area of partial alteration in the field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity that is surrounded by a field of normal - or relatively well-preserved - vision. (wikipedia.org)
Vision7
  • As the scotoma area expands, some people perceive only a bright flickering area that obstructs normal vision, while others describe seeing various patterns. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 62-yr-old man developed a scotoma in the vision of the right eye during chiropractic treatment. (chiro.org)
  • Peripheral Scotomas affect a person's peripheral vision, and may cover it up altogether. (protect-your-eyesight.com)
  • Scotoma in the medical field is a concealed region in the field of vision. (treatheadaches.com)
  • There is evidence for both, under various conditions, giving scotomata and 'filling in' surprising importance for understanding the physiology and psychology of vision. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Improvement in the function of different layers of the retina and optic nerve were experienced as well as a reduction in the number of scotomas in the field of vision. (prweb.com)
  • A ring or donut shaped scotoma is an area of reduced vision that forms a shape similar to a ring or donut - the patient can see fine in the center and off-center a little bit but then there is an area of reduced vision followed by another area or normal vision. (noaa.gov)
Nerve1
  • Less common, but important because they are sometimes reversible or curable by surgery, are scotomata due to tumors such as those arising from the pituitary gland, which may compress the optic nerve or interfere with its blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
Affects both eyes1
  • The scotoma affects both eyes and closing one or the other does not make it go away. (blogspot.com)
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