'Cynara scolymus' is the scientific name for the plant species more commonly known as artichoke. It belongs to the family Asteraceae and is native to the Mediterranean region. The artichoke plant produces large, purple flower buds that are eaten as a vegetable. The edible portion of the bud consists of the fleshy bases of the scales (or bracts) and the heart, which is the base of the bud. Artichokes are rich in antioxidants, fiber, and various nutrients, making them a valuable addition to a healthy diet.

"Scolymus" is the genus name for a group of plants commonly known as golden thistles. The most well-known species is Scolymus hispanicus, which is native to the Mediterranean region. These plants have spiny leaves and stems, and produce large, yellow flowers that are followed by seeds with tufts of white hairs.

In a medical context, "Scolymus" is not commonly used as a term. While some species of thistle have been used in traditional medicine for their purported anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties, there is limited scientific evidence to support these claims. It's important to note that consuming any part of a wild thistle plant can be dangerous due to the presence of spines and other potentially toxic compounds. Therefore, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies or supplements.

Fructans are a type of carbohydrate known as oligosaccharides, which are made up of chains of fructose molecules. They are found in various plants, including wheat, onions, garlic, and artichokes. Some people may have difficulty digesting fructans due to a lack of the enzyme needed to break them down, leading to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and stomach pain. This condition is known as fructan intolerance or fructose malabsorption. Fructans are also considered a type of FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols), which are short-chain carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed by the body and may cause digestive symptoms in some individuals.