Scintillation Counting
Radionuclide Imaging
The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.
Plastics
Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Technetium
The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.
Germanium
Radioactive Waste
Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Radiometry
Elementary Particles
Gamma Cameras
Technology, Radiologic
The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of radiology. The applications center mostly around x-ray or radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but the technological applications of any radiation or radiologic procedure is within the scope of radiologic technology.
Radioisotopes
Optical Fibers
Carbon Radioisotopes
Xenon Radioisotopes
Photons
Mercury Radioisotopes
Nuclear Physics
Autoradiography
Iodine Radioisotopes
Spectrometry, Gamma
Pentetic Acid
Tantalum
Radiation Monitoring
The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards.
Radioisotope Dilution Technique
Cobalt Radioisotopes
Iridium Radioisotopes
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Particle Accelerators
Phantoms, Imaging
Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)
Monte Carlo Method
In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)
Iodohippuric Acid
Radioisotope Renography
Lutetium
Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Radiotherapy, High-Energy
Radiotherapy using high-energy (megavolt or higher) ionizing radiation. Types of radiation include gamma rays, produced by a radioisotope within a teletherapy unit; x-rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles (helium ions) and heavy charged ions, produced by particle acceleration; and neutrons and pi-mesons (pions), produced as secondary particles following bombardment of a target with a primary particle.
Isotope Labeling
Electronics
Tomography
Iron Isotopes
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Indium
Radon
Ionic Liquids
Role of antibody and complement in opsonization of group B streptococci. (1/334)
A requirement for the classic complement pathway in opsonization of group B streptococci was observed by using both a chemiluminescence and a radiolabeled bacterial uptake technique. The classic pathway increased levels of opsonization for types Ia and II stock and wild strains and for some type III wild strains. In contrast, other type III wild strains and the type III stock strain had accelerated kinetics of uptake in the presence of an intact classic pathway, but the level of opsonization was unchanged from that with antibody alone. We could not demonstrate a significant role for the alternative pathway in opsonizing stock or wild strains of group B streptococci. Futhermore, electrophoretic and complement consumption analysis by hemolytic titration failed to reveal alternative pathway activation by the majority of strains of this group. Therapy aimed at supplying opsonins for these organisms will require the presence of type-specific antibody. (+info)Calcium fluxes in single muscle fibres measured with a glass scintillator probe. (2/334)
1. An intracellular glass scintillator (Caldwell & Lea, 1973) has been used to obtain a continuous record of the influx of 45Ca into single muscle fibres of the barnacle, Balanus nubilus. 2. In the presence of intracellular EGTA (final concentration greater than 3 mM/kg), the scintillator detected an initial fast phase to the influx (half-time = 18.3 min, compartment size = 4.1% fibre volume) followed by a slow, linear phase which gave a value for the Ca influx of 1.2 p-mole . cm-2 . sec-1. The efflux of 45Ca was also measured with the scintillator by transferring a 45Ca-loaded fibre into 45Ca-free saline. Two exponential phases of efflux were detected with half-times of 16.2 and 500 min. 3. The characterisitics of the fast phase of the influx and efflux are similar to those of the influx of the impermeant sucrose and inulin, suggesting that the fast phase represents exchange with the extracellular 'cleft space'. This phase was insensitive to external La3+ (2 mM). 4. The slow phase is considered to represent the flux of Ca across the surface membrane. It was inhibited by external La3+ (2 mM) and stimulated by replacing external Na+ with Li+. 5. When EGTA-injected fibres were depolarized using an axial, intracellular electrode the Ca influx, measured from the slow phase, was increased. At higher concentrations of intracellular EGTA (6--22 mM/kg), the extra Ca influx due to a rectangular, depolarizing current pulse was proportional to the number of Ca spikes it produced. A single Ca spike gave an extra Ca influx of 19--48 p-mole . cm-2. External D600 (5 x 10(-4)M) inhibited both Ca spike and the extra Ca influx. 6. At lower intracellular EGTA concentrations (3.6--11 mM/kg), a 50 mV depolarization of 250 msec duration gave a mean extra Ca influx of 80 p-mole . cm-2. The upper value was 145 p-mole . cm-2 and this would increase the total internal Ca by 4.1 micrometer/kg. It is calculated that if all this extra Ca was bound to the myofibrillar sites for tension, it would only produce 6.2% of the force expected for a similar depolarization in a fibre with no intracellular EGTA. (+info)Optimization of a new scintillation gas detector used to localize electrons emitted by 99mTc. (3/334)
We have developed a scintillation gas detector to localize electrons emitted by 99mTc. This type of detector allows direct quantification of images and so provides a clear advantage over autoradiographic film. We have optimized the device to give an image spatial resolution that closely approximates that of typical autoradiographic film. To improve this resolution, it was necessary to select only low-energy electrons (2 and 15 keV) and to devise novel detection and localization techniques for the ionizing particles. METHODS: A parallel-plate proportional avalanche chamber is subject to a uniform electrical field and amplifies the number of released electrons through collisions of ionizing particles in the gas mixture. Light emitted by the gas scintillator during the avalanche process is collected by a highly intensified charge coupled device camera. The centroid of each resulting light distribution is calculated, resulting in a quantitative mapping of the sample's activity. Insertion of the sample within the gas volume improves the efficiency and so provides a method that is both very sensitive and linear. RESULTS: We have shown that in a parallel-plate structure, the application of a high electrical field to the surface of the sample and the selection of appropriate light spots, according to their morphology, can overcome localization errors due to the particles' trajectories. We have obtained a resolution of the order of 30 microm, using electrons from 99mTc. CONCLUSION: This detection technique allows considerable improvement in image resolution. This "electron camera" is a serious rival to existing autoradiographic techniques, because it provides certain other advantages, including direct quantification, linearity, high dynamic range and low noise levels. Thus, new perspectives are made available in quantitative double tracer autoradiography, because electrons can be selected for imaging as a function of their energy. (+info)Growth and differentiation of cultured fetal hepatocytes isolated various developmental stages. (4/334)
We examined the relationship between cell proliferation and differentiation of cultured rat fetal and newborn hepatocytes isolated from various developmental stages. The albumin production rate increased along with cell growth under in vitro culture and became maximal two days after the growth cessation. AFP was secreted by both fetal and newborn hepatocytes with growth ability. Furthermore, the responses to HGF addition in fetal hepatocyte cultures were observed in terms of growth stimulation and down-regulated of the Met receptor. We also studied the changes in RB and liver enriched transcription factors (C/EBPs) for investigating the mechanism underlying proliferation and differentiation of fetal hepatocytes. Western blot analysis of hepatocytes taken from various gestation stages of rat liver showed that the expression of RB and C/EBP beta increased as gestation stage proceeded. When RB antisense S-oligonucleotide was added to the culture medium, proliferation and AFP expression increased, while C/EBP alpha and albumin expressions decreased. These results indicated that the tumor suppressor gene product RB had a profound role not only in cell proliferation but also hepatocyte differentiation. (+info)Highly Th2-skewed cytokine profile of beta-lactam-specific T cells from nonatopic subjects with adverse drug reactions. (5/334)
A positive lymphocyte transformation test to beta-lactams (beta-L) was found in 12 of 29 subjects with adverse drug reaction (ADR) to beta-L, irrespective of either the type of clinical manifestation or the presence of specific serum IgE. Short-term T cell lines specific for penicillin G, amoxicillin, and ampicillin could be generated only from subjects with ADR (eight with positive and one with negative lymphocyte transformation test), while streptokinase and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1 (Der p 1)-specific T cells were obtained from all these subjects, from 7 atopic Der p-sensitive donors without history of ADR and 17 healthy nonatopic donors. Streptokinase-specific T cells from all subjects showed intracellular expression of IFN-gamma with poor or no IL-4, whereas Der p 1-specific T cells exhibited IFN-gamma but low or no IL-4 expression in nonatopics, and remarkable IL-4 expression in atopic donors. By contrast, all penicillin G-, ampicillin-, and amoxicillin-specific short-term T cell lines showed high intracellular expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, but poor or no expression of IFN-gamma, thus exhibiting a clear-cut Th2 profile. Accordingly, most penicillin G-specific T cell clones derived from two subjects with ADR released high concentrations of IL-4 alone or IL-4 and IFN-gamma. These data suggest that cytokines produced by Th2 cells play an important role in all beta-L-induced ADR, even when late clinical manifestations occur and an IgE-mediated mechanism is apparently indemonstrable. (+info)Human immune responses to the highly repetitive Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf332. (6/334)
The B and T cell responses to EB200, a repetitive part of the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf332, were examined in malaria-exposed Senegalese adults. Most donors had high levels of antibodies to recombinant EB200 and 17 overlapping peptides spanning EB200. Taking proliferation and/or cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-4) production as a measure of T cell activation, eight of the EB200-derived peptides induced responses in > 40% of the donors tested. There was no general association between the different types of T cell responses measured, emphasizing the importance of including multiple parameters when analyzing T cell responses and suggesting that EB200 induces functionally distinct T cell responses. The most efficient peptide for induction of proliferative responses was one previously shown to induce T cell responses in five different H-2 congenic mouse strains primed with EB200, suggesting that this is a universal T cell epitope. The presence of multiple B and T cell epitopes in EB200, widely recognized by humans, is important since EB200 has been shown to elicit protective antibody responses in monkeys and may be considered for inclusion in malaria subunit vaccines. (+info)Determination of different amino sugar 2'-epimerase activities by coupling to N-acetylneuraminate synthesis. (7/334)
A new procedure for quantitating the amount of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) or ManNAc-6-phosphate produced by 2'-epimerase activities involved in sialic acid metabolism has been developed. The ManNAc generated by the action of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and UDP-GlcNAc 2'-epimerases is condensed with pyruvate through the action of N-acetylneuraminate lyase and the sialic acid released is measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay. For the analysis of prokaryotic GlcNAc-6-phosphate 2'-epimerase, ManNAc-6-phosphate can also be evaluated by this coupled assay after dephosphorylation of the sugar phosphate. This system provides a sensitive, rapid, reproducible, specific and simple procedure (feasible with commercial reagents) for measuring amino sugar 2'-epimerases from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources. The technique reported here permitted us to detect UDP-GlcNAc 2'-epimerase and GlcNAc 2'-epimerase in mammalian cell extracts and GlcNAc-6-phosphate 2'-epimerase in bacterial extracts. (+info)T-cell mediated autoimmunity to the insulinoma-associated protein 2 islet tyrosine phosphatase in type 1 diabetes mellitus. (8/334)
The target molecules of the T-cell response in type 1 diabetes, despite their pathogenic importance, remain largely uncharacterized, especially in humans. Interestingly, molecules such as insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been shown to be a target not only of autoantibodies, but also of autoreactive T-lymphocytes both in man and in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In the present study we aimed to determine the existence of a specific T-cell response towards the insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2) islet tyrosine phosphatase, a recently identified autoantigen which is the target of autoantibodies strongly associated with diabetes development. Human recombinant IA-2 produced in Escherichia coli, was tested for its reactivity with peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 16 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients and from 25 normal controls, 15 of whom were HLA-DR-matched. A T-cell proliferation assay was performed in triplicate employing freshly isolated cells in the absence or in the presence of the antigen to be tested (at two different concentrations: 2 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml). A specific T-cell proliferation (defined as a stimulation index (S.I.) >/=3) was observed against IA-2 used at a concentration of 10 microg/ml (but not of 2 microg/ml) in 8/16 diabetic patients, in 1/15 HLA-DR-matched control subjects (P<0.01 by Fisher exact test) and in 0/10 of the remaining normal individuals. A statistically significant difference (P<0.003 by Mann-Whitney U test) was also observed in S.I. values between patients (3.1+/-1.4) and HLA-DR-matched controls (1.7+/-0.54) employing IA-2 at a concentration of 10 microg/ml. However, when IA-2 was used at a concentration of 2 microg/ml, the difference in S. I. between patients (1.65+/-0.8) and controls (1.0+/-0.3) did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, these data show the presence of a specific, dose-dependent T-lymphocyte response against the IA-2 islet tyrosine phosphatase at the onset of type 1 diabetes. Consequently, this molecule appears to be a target not only at the B-lymphocyte but also at the T-lymphocyte level, reinforcing the potential pathogenic role of this autoantigen in the islet destructive process. (+info)
A scintillation proximity assay for the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade: high-throughput screening and identification of selective...
WE-B-137-01: Plastic Scintillation Detectors: Present Status and Their Application for Quality Assurance and in Vivo Dosimetry....
TRI-CARB 5110TR 110 V Liquid Scintillation Counter - Emphor Life Analytical Science
WGA PVT SPA 2G | PerkinElmer
PEI - YSI Beads, 500 MG | PerkinElmer
WGA PVT SPECIAL 25 X 500 MG | PerkinElmer
Copper HIS-Tag PVT 250MG | PerkinElmer
PS-PEI SPA Beads, 1G, F/D | PerkinElmer
Membrane Binding YOX 25 X 500 MG | PerkinElmer
AZD2171: A Highly Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the...
Contribution of alpha4beta1 integrin to the antiallergic effect of levocabastine | IRIS Università degli Studi di Catania
A new gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator for reactor neutrino detection<...
A scintillation counter for measurement of I131 uptake in the thyroid gland - University of Oklahoma Libraries
Basic Physics of Nuclear Medicine/Scintillation Detectors - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
LIQUID SCINTILLATOR FOR 3D DOSIMETRY FOR RADIOTHERAPY MODALITIES - Patent application
A digital approach to neutron-gamma imaging with a narrow tungsten collimator aperture and a fast organic liquid scintillator...
Calibration of a Liquid Scintillator with Geiger-Mueller Counters by William F. Hartman
PMT calibration of a scintillation detector using primary scintillation
FlashPlate HTS, Basic Microplate, 384-well, 20 Plates | PerkinElmer
Patente US6909097 - Scintillation detector, system and method providing energy and position ... - Google Patentes
Scintillation camera legal definition of scintillation camera
Measurement of tritium with plastic scintillator surface improvement with plasma treatment (Journal Article) | SciTech Connect
HTS - High-Throughput Screening Facility
Liquid Scintillation Fluid Policy | Environmental Health and Safety
Scintillation Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScience
Plus it
Items where Author is Billas, I - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
Evaluation of the Properties of Cemented Liquid Scintillator Wastes under Flooding Scenario in Various Aqueous Media
Study Notes: LS Counting
Forschungszentrum Jülich - Technische Aspekte der Positronen Emissionstomographie
Scintigraphy - Wikipedia
AID 629721 - Displacement of [3H]-8-OH-DPAT from 5-HT1A receptor in rat hippocampus by liquid scintillation counting - PubChem
Fast determination of indoor radon (222Rn) concentration using liquid scintillation counting | SpringerLink
BioNavis: Characterization of IFN-γ Detection and Electrochemical Proximity Assay by a Novel Multi-Parametric/Multimodal...
Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With 133Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera | Stroke
Radioisotope properties and precautions | Environmental Health and Safety - McGill University
Tritium Distribution in Some Environmental Samples-Rices, Chinese Cabbages and Pine Needles in Korea
-Journal of Radiation...
Plus it
AID 646449 - Displacement of [3H]-LSD from human full length cloned 5HT6 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells by liquid...
Scintillation Vials - Vials - Laboratory Supplies
Scintillators or the key to a successful endeavour
Scintillator | Scintillation Crystals
Cardiac output measurement by the injection method without arterial sampling
Scintillation meter | definition of Scintillation meter by Medical dictionary
Extruded plastic scintillator including inorganic powders | Federal Labs
BGO Arrays, Bismuth germanate Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO), Bgo scintillation array
Barrier Properties of the Spinal Meninges Are Markedly Decreased by Freezing Meningeal Tissues | Anesthesiology | ASA...
Items where Year is 1979 - Durham e-Theses
Conversion of essential fatty acids by Delta 6 desaturase in dog liver microsomes
Inorganic Scintillators Market worth 330.7 Million USD by 2021
Gamma spectroscopy - Wikipedia
Measurement of Radiation in Soil in the Middle of Gaza Strip
Powder X-Ray Diffractometer | Research | Memorial University of Newfoundland
UW: Facilities | Department of Animal Science | University of Wyoming
Anthracene 10551-E
ABT-888, an Orally Active Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor that Potentiates DNA-Damaging Agents in Preclinical Tumor...
Laser gas detector systems for greenhouse gas emissions monitoring on Environmental XPRT
Neutrino phenomenology of very low-energy seesaw scenarios<...
SAX Low-Energy Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter (LE-GSPC): calibration and system performance | (1995) | Martin | ...
OSA | Optical Fibre Based Scintillation Probe for Radiotherapy Dosimetry
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
List | SBIR.gov
Consumables > Sample Handling > Scintillation Vials Laboratory Product Directory and Equipment Reviews on...
A Phase 3 Multi-center Study to Assess PET Imaging of Flurpiridaz F 18 Injection in Patients With CAD. - Full Text View -...
In vivo dosimetry and acute toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing intraoperative radiotherapy as boost
Effects of Nitrogen and Oxygen contamination in liquid Argon<...
Research in Photomultiplier Tube Fatigue: Prediction, Acceleration and Correction of Fatigue Effects in Photomultipliers Tubes ...
NASA told what will be the nuclear probe New Frontiers | Earth Chronicles News
Activation cross sections of deuteron induced reactions on silver in the 33-50 MeV energy range<...
Hawken Instruments - Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis - University of Queensland
A Phase 3 Multi-center Study to Assess PET Imaging of Flurpiridaz F 18 Injection in Patients With CAD. - Tabular View -...
POSITRON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY APPARATUS - Patent application
Improved scintillators for time-of-flight positron emission tomography - Stephen Derenzo
Chromosome analysis of lymphocytes from radiation workers in tritium-applying industry
Chromosome analysis of lymphocytes from radiation workers in tritium-applying industry
Therapy of malignant brain tumors: comparison of the in vitro activities of vidarabin-monophosphate, BCNU and 5-fluorouracil -...
Evaluation of potassium-43 scintillation images during early myocardial ischemia in an animal model. | Circulation
Strehl ratio and scintillation theory for uplink Gaussian-beam waves: beam wander effects
Dr. Nerine J. Cherepy Profile
Radioembolization
Radioembolization
China Security Dome CCTV CCD Camera / Explosion-Proof PTZ CCD Camera (SHJ-525CZ-36B) - China Cctv Camera, Ccd Camera
Browse by Person - White Rose Research Online
Capillary guiding [IAP/TU Wien]
New Device Sniffs Out Diseases Like Medical Detection Dogs - Sapiens Digital
Formaldehyde - solution
US Patent for Optimized scintilator crystals for PET Patent (Patent # 9,012,854 issued April 21, 2015) - Justia Patents Search
Related documents | Scintillator plates | Hamamatsu Photonics
Si photodiode S12497 | Hamamatsu Photonics
Free sample chromatography sample vial with cap for HPLC and GC
Horace Dobbs
Quenching and Adsorption in Liquid scintillation counting, in 1962, and Dispensing solutions for liquid scintillation counting ... Quenching and Adsorption in Liquid scintillation counting, August 1962. The detection of tritium labelled compounds in Vapour ... Dispensing solutions for liquid scintillation counting. Published in NASA's scientific and technical Aerospace reports, Volume ...
Polyvinyl toluene
Birks, J.B. (1964). The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting. London: Pergamon. Birks, J.B. (1964). The Theory and ... Practice of Scintillation Counting. London: Pergamon. Sauli, F. (1993). Instrumentation in High Energy Physics (2nd ed.). World ...
Birks' law
Birks, J.B. (1964). The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting. London: Pergamon. "A Tribute to Professor John B Birks ... A more complete theory of scintillation saturation, that gives Birks' law when only unimolecular de-excitation is included, can ... Birks, J.B. (1951). "Scintillations from Organic Crystals: Specific Fluorescence and Relative Response to Different Radiations ... S is the scintillation efficiency, dE/dx is the specific energy loss of the particle per path length, k is the probability of ...
Carbon-14
Liquid scintillation counting is the preferred method. The G-M counting efficiency is estimated to be 3%. The half-distance ... In the Borexino Counting Test Facility, a 14C/12C ratio of 1.94×10−18 was determined; probable reactions responsible for varied ... which can be detected by low-level counting of the patient's breath. The 14C urea breath test has been largely replaced by the ...
Lucas cell
Geiger counter Counting efficiency Lucas, Henry (1957). "Improved Low‐Level Alpha‐Scintillation Counter for Radon". Review of ... A photomultiplier tube at the top of the chamber counts the photons and sends the count to a data logger. A Lucas cell can be ... A Lucas cell is a type of scintillation counter. It is used to acquire a gas sample, filter out the radioactive particulates ... through a special filter and then count the radioactive decay. The inside of the gas chamber is coated with ZnS(Ag) - a ...
Radioactivity in the life sciences
doi:10.1007/s10967-014-3191-1. "Scintillation Cocktails & Consumables - For every liquid scintillation counting application" ( ... In liquid scintillation counting, a small aliquot, filter or swab is added to scintillation fluid and the plate or vial is ... A gamma counter is similar in format to scintillation counting but it detects gamma emissions directly and does not require a ... 2014). "Study on quench effects in liquid scintillation counting during tritium measurements". Journal of Radioanalytical and ...
Exopolyphosphatase
The amount of remaining labeled polyphosphate is then measured by liquid scintillation counting. PPX was discovered by the lab ...
Beryllium-10
"A new value for the half-life of 10Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting". Nuclear ... "Determination of the 10Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting". Nuclear Instruments and ...
George A. Bray
Bray G.A. (1960). "A simple efficient liquid scintillator for counting aqueous solutions in a liquid scintillation counter". ...
Nuclear chemistry
The isotope emits very soft beta radiation, and can be detected by scintillation counting. 11C, carbon-11 is usually produced ... in being easily measured by scintillation counting or other radiochemical methods, and in being localizable to particular ...
POPOP
Mechanism of Liquid Scintillation Counting, National Diagnostics, retrieved 24 Sept 2007 v t e. ...
David L. Fried
6, 1729-1737 (1967). D. FRIED, "Scintillation of a Ground-to-Space Laser Illuminator," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 980-983 (1967). D. ... 57, 181-185 (1967). D. Fried and J. Seidman, "Heterodyne and Photon-Counting Receivers for Optical Communications," Appl. Opt. ... 58, 961-969 (1968). D. Fried and R. Schmeltzer, "The Effect of Atmospheric Scintillation on an Optical Data Channel?Laser Radar ... 57, 175-180 (1967). D. FRIED, "Aperture Averaging of Scintillation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 169-172 (1967). D. FRIED and J. CLOUD ...
Erich Regener
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Regener, Erich (1909). "On Counting the Alpha Particles by Scintillation and on the ... He is also known for predicting a 2.8 K cosmic background radiation, for the invention of the scintillation counter which ...
Radioactive contamination
Low levels may be reported in counts per minute using a scintillation counter. In the case of low-level contamination by ... Scintillation detectors are generally preferred for hand-held monitoring instruments and are designed with a large detection ... Detection and measurement of surface contamination of personnel and plant is normally by Geiger counter, scintillation counter ... Proportional counters and dual phosphor scintillation counters can discriminate between alpha and beta contamination, but the ...
Cesio, a enciclopedia libre
The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting. International Series of Monographs in Electronics and Instrumentation 27. ...
Selenium-79
This complicates its detection and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is required for measuring it in environmental samples. ...
Radioactive tracer
Because the emitted electrons have relatively low energy, the detection efficiency by scintillation counting is rather low. ... in low concentration and its presence detected by sensitive radiation detectors such as Geiger counters and scintillation ...
Ernest Rutherford
In conjunction with Hans Geiger, he developed zinc sulfide scintillation screens and ionisation chambers to count alphas. By ... dividing the total charge they produced by the number counted, Rutherford decided that the charge on the alpha was two. In late ...
Photomultiplier tube
Photon counting (as it is called) reveals that light, not only being a wave, consists of discrete particles (i.e., photons). ... Lucas cell Scintillation counter Silicon photomultiplier Total absorption spectroscopy Decibels are power ratios. Power is ... The drawback, however, is that not every photon incident on the primary surface is counted either because of less-than-perfect ... Photon-counting applications generally demand photomultipliers designed to minimise dark current. Nonetheless, the ability to ...
Chen Tiemei
Chen established China's first radiocarbon dating laboratory using liquid scintillation counting at Peking University. He was ...
Relative density
Radiation-based Gauge: Radiation is passed from a source, through the fluid of interest, and into a scintillation detector, or ... As the fluid density increases, the detected radiation "counts" will decrease. The source is typically the radioactive isotope ...
Chester L. Sutula
Liquid scintillation, counting and compositions, U.S. Patent Number: 3,928,227 6. Sutula, C. L., Wilson, J. E., Cleaning porous ...
Helium-3
... of tritium's radiation makes it difficult to detect tritium-labeled compounds except by using liquid scintillation counting. ...
Well counter
It was invented in 1951 by Hal Anger, who is also well known for inventing the scintillation camera. Anger filed U.S. patent # ... Samples in test tubes are inserted into the well, one sample at a time, and counted for a predetermined time. Results are ... Scintillation counter Gamma camera Gottschalk, Alexander (1996). The early years with Hal Anger. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine ...
Gamma spectroscopy
Liquid scintillation counting. *Mass spectrometry. *Mössbauer spectroscopy. *Pandemonium effect. *Total absorption spectroscopy ... Scintillation detectors[edit]. Scintillation detectors use crystals that emit light when gamma rays interact with the atoms in ... Laboratory equipment for determination of γ-radiation spectrum with a scintillation counter. The output from the scintillation ... the background rate in the spectrum is increased by one count. This count will appear in a channel below the channel that ...
Gamma camera
To help compensate, better imaging systems limit scintillation counting to a portion of the heart contraction cycle, called ... The system accumulates events, or counts, of gamma photons that are absorbed by the crystal in the camera. Usually a large flat ... A gamma camera (γ-camera), also called a scintillation camera or Anger camera, is a device used to image gamma radiation ... The computer reconstructs and displays a two dimensional image of the relative spatial count density on a monitor. This ...
Nuclear forensics
Counting techniques of α,β,γ or neutron can be used as approaches for the analysis of nuclear forensic materials that emit ... They can be measured by a variety of detectors, including liquid scintillation counters, gas ionization detectors, and ion- ... β counting is used infrequently because most short lived β-emitters also give off characteristic γ-rays and produce very broad ... Neutron counting are found more rarely in analytical labs due in part to shielding concerns should such neutron emitters be ...
Total absorption spectroscopy
R is the response matrix of the detector (meaning the probability that a decay that feeds a certain level gives a count in ... This effect can be introduced in the simulation by means of a hyperbolic scintillation efficiency. The simulation of the light ... During the measurements Lucrecia is kept measuring at a total counting rate not larger than 10 kHz to avoid second and higher ... Pandemonium effect Scintillation counter Rubio, B.; Gelletly, W. (2007). "Total absorption spectroscopy" (PDF). Romanian ...
Methods of detecting exoplanets
In June 2013, CoRoT's exoplanet count was 32 with several still to be confirmed. The satellite unexpectedly stopped ... where the absence of atmospheric scintillation allows improved accuracy. This mission was designed to be able to detect planets ...
پرتو کیهانی - ویکیپدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
The experiment employed eleven scintillation detectors arranged within a circle 460 metres in diameter on the grounds of the ... measurements at heights up to 13.6 kilometres using a pair of Geiger counters in an anti-coincidence circuit to avoid counting ... water-Cherenkov or scintillation detectors. The observation of a secondary shower of particles in multiple detectors at the ...
Flow measurement
d) Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is ... Counting the revolutions totalizes volume, and the rate is proportional to flow. ...
User:Plbrown123/Books/Atoms, Ions, Bonds, Molecules, Electronic, and Chemical Analysis; You Don't See that in Dasher! -...
Liquid scintillation counting. Geiger counter. Dosimeter. Ionizing radiation. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. ...
Radiation protection
scintillation detectors. *airborne particulate radioactivity monitoring. The links should be followed for a fuller description ...
Radiocarbon dating
C activity is liquid scintillation counting, which was invented in 1950, but which had to wait until the early 1960s, when ... If 1% of the benzene in a modern reference sample accidentally evaporates, scintillation counting will give a radiocarbon age ... Measurement of radiocarbon was originally done by beta-counting devices, which counted the amount of beta radiation emitted by ... AMS counts the atoms of 14. C and 12. C in a given sample, determining the 14. C/12. C ratio directly. The sample, often in the ...
Carbon-14
Liquid scintillation counting is the preferred method.[7] The G-M counting efficiency is estimated to be 3%. The half-distance ... In the Borexino Counting Test Facility, a 14C/12C ratio of 1.94×10−18 was determined;[44] probable reactions responsible for ... which can be detected by low-level counting of the patient's breath.[48] The 14C urea breath test has been largely replaced by ...
Optical fiber
The cost of small fiber-count pole-mounted cables has greatly decreased due to the high demand for fiber to the home (FTTH) ... Optical fibers doped with a wavelength shifter collect scintillation light in physics experiments. ... Fiber crew installing a 432-count fiber cable underneath the streets of Midtown Manhattan, New York City ...
Geiger-Marsden experiments
... and observed an increase in the number of scintillations on the screen. Counting the scintillations, they observed that metals ... They counted the number of scintillations per minute that each foil produced on the screen. They divided the number of ... A microscope (M) was used to count the scintillations on the screen and measure their spread. Geiger pumped all the air out of ... Geiger worked in a darkened lab for hours on end, counting these tiny scintillations using a microscope.[5] Rutherford lacked ...
Visible-light photon counter
The ability to be capable of counting the exact number of photons that are detected is extremely important for QKD. The device ... VLPC stands for visible-light photon counter and refers to a new high quantum efficiency multi-photon counting detector, which ...
Light-emitting diode
The particle counting algorithm used in the device converted raw data into information by counting the photon pulses per unit ... Destriau, G. (1936). "Recherches sur les scintillations des sulfures de zinc aux rayons". Journal de Chimie Physique. 33: 587- ...
Tritium
... of tritium's radiation makes it difficult to detect tritium-labeled compounds except by using liquid scintillation counting. ...
Caesium
... iodide (CsI), bromide (CsBr) and caesium fluoride (CsF) crystals are employed for scintillators in scintillation ... the International System of Units used two specific wave counts from an emission spectrum of caesium-133 to co-define the ... crystals for scintillation counters, and in magnetohydrodynamic power generators.[11] Caesium also was, and still is, used as a ...
SN 1987A
1992). "Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment observations of Co-57 in SN 1987A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. ... estimates of a total neutrino count of 1058 with a total energy of 1046 joules.[14] ...
Medical imaging
... the patient is enclosed in a surrounding ring of detectors assigned with 500-1000 scintillation detectors[12] (fourth- ... which is in turn amplified and converted into count data. ...
Lutetium
... is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths. Lutetium is ... "Evaluation of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals for PET". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear ...
Gemstone
It was named after the discoverer, the Irish gemologist Count Edward Charles Richard Taaffe. ... scintillation), and deliver it to the eye (brilliance). In its rough crystalline form, a diamond will do none of these things; ...
Diamond (gemstone)
Scintillation refers to the small flashes of light that are seen when the diamond, light source or the viewer is moved. A ... The modern round brilliant has 57 facets (polished faces), counting 33 on the crown (the top half), and 24 on the pavilion (the ... There are three light properties which are described in relation to light performance: brilliance, fire, and scintillation. ... In fact there are 14 names counted to be given to a diamond in traditional Hinduism. ...
Dark matter
After such a recoil the nucleus will emit energy as, e.g., scintillation light or phonons, which is then detected by sensitive ... Since dark energy does not count as matter, this is 26.8/(4.9 + 26.8)=0.845 ... Noble liquid detectors detect scintillation produced by a particle collision in liquid xenon or argon. Cryogenic detector ...
Radiation Portal Monitor
First generation RPMs often rely on PVT scintillators for gamma counting. They provide limited information on energy of ... "Fission signal detection using helium-4 gas fast neutron scintillation detectors". Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 (1): 014102. Bibcode: ...
Gaseous detection device
Thus by counting the electrons arriving at the anode or the ions at the cathode we derive the same figure in current ... This form of detection is referred as scintillation-GDD. The principles outlined above are best described by considering plane ...
Photon counting
... and scintillation counters. Charge-coupled devices can also sometimes be used. Photon counting eliminates gain noise, where the ... Photon counting is a technique in which individual photons are counted using a single-photon detector (SPD). In contrast to a ... Photon-counting computed tomography is another key area of interest, which is rapidly evolving and is at the verge of being ... The counting efficiency is determined by the quantum efficiency and any electronic losses that are present in the system. Many ...
Kim Sun-kee
2005). "CaMoO4 scintillation crystal for the search of 100Mo double beta decay". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. ... 2001). "A fast programmable trigger for isolated cluster counting in the BELLE experiment". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in ...
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
... or by scintillation counting. End-point RT-PCR is commonly achieved using three different methods: relative, competitive and ...
Neutron flux
Gurevich, A. V.; Ptitsyn, M. O. (2015). "Comment on "Decrease of Atmospheric Neutron Counts Observed during Thunderstorms"". ... obtained with unshielded scintillation neutron detectors show a decrease in the neutron flux during thunderstorms. Recent ... "Decrease of Atmospheric Neutron Counts Observed during Thunderstorms". Physical Review Letters. Americal Physical Society. 114 ...
Liquid scintillation counting - Wikipedia
Liquid scintillation counting is the measurement of radioactive activity of a sample material which uses the technique of ... High-energy beta emitters, such as phosphorus-32 and yitrium-90 can also be counted in a scintillation counter without the ... Accelerator mass spectrometry Counting efficiency Möbius, Siegurd; Möbius, Tiana Lalao (2012). Handbook of liquid scintillation ... ISBN 978-3-923704-78-1. Liquid Scintillation Counting, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Radiation Safety Program Principles ...
Fast determination of indoor radon (222Rn) concentration using liquid scintillation counting | SpringerLink
3 dm3of ambient air through 16 ml of water-immiscible non-volataile scintillation cocktail... ... The indoor 222Rn radionuclide was directly absorbed in typical 20 ml glass scintillation vials by passing − ... Chah B, Žikovský L, Champagne P (1992) Determination of radon in indoor air in Québec by liquid scintillation counting in ortho ... Ultima-Gold F scintillation cocktail was purchased from PerkinElmer Inc. For radon sampling, 16 ml of the scintillation ...
Cerenkov Counting Performance on the TopCountTM Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter ( Abstract ...
Counting,Performance,on,the,TopCountTM,Microplate,Scintillation,and,Luminescence,Counter,biological,advanced biology technology ... Abstract ...The TopCount Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter has bee... Introduction ...Cerenkov radiation occurs ... Counting FlashPlates on the Wallac MicroBeta. 4. Direct Counting of Millipore MultiScreen Filtration Plates.. 5. Counting Non- ... These advantages make Cerenkov counting an attractive alternative to liquid scintillation counting of 32P in microplate based ...
Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting | National Diagnostics
Assaying Discrete Samples by Liquid Scintillation Counting. Liquid scintillation counting of discrete samples is conceptually ... Preparing Tissue Samples for Scintillation Counting. Samples of animal or plant tissue are rarely thin or small enough to allow ... Waste Disposal Issues in Scintillation Counting. An aspect of LSC which must be considered in experimental design, is waste ... Counting Samples from TLC Plates by LSC. In a typical TLC experiment, the radioactivity is detected at two points: after TLC it ...
AID 464313 - Inhibition of GRK7-mediated bovine tubulin phosphorylation by scintillation counting - PubChem
AID 387203 - Displacement of [3H]NECA from Sprague-Dawley rat adenosine A2A receptor by scintillation counting - PubChem
US3560744A - Method and apparatus for compensating of quenching in liquid scintillation counting
- Google Patents
A method and apparatus for automatically counting the activity induced in a test sample containing a radioactive isotope while ... Method in liquid scintillation counting for discriminating between different kinds of detected scintillation events ... Method in liquid scintillation counting for discriminating between different kinds of detected scintillation events ... The principal problem faced in scintillation counting is the determination of counting efficiency of each individual sample ( ...
Four Decades of Progress in 14C Dating by Liquid Scintillation Counting and Spectrometry | Springer for Research & Development
... the counting of nuclear emanations) has undergone continuous development since attempts were first made in the early 1950s to ... Arnold, JR 1954 Scintillation counting of natural radiocarbon: 1. The counting method. Science 119: 155-157.CrossRefGoogle ... Noakes, JE, Kim, SM and Stipp, JJ 1965 Chemical and counting advances in liquid scintillation counting. In Chatters, RM and ... Haas, H 1979 Specific problems with liquid scintillation counting of small benzene volumes and background count rate ...
AID 469742 - Displacement of [125I]human PP from human NPY4 receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells by scintillation counting -...
Sample preparation and counting of radioisotopes by liquid scintillation counting and their application to soil, soil/plant and...
Method validation and verification in liquid scintillation counting using the long-term uncertainty method (LTUM) on two...
... tests gathered over the past two decades by the laboratory for low level radioactivity measurements for liquid scintillation ... Liquid scintillation counting Measurement uncertainty Proficiency test Tritium Radio-carbon Validation Verification ... Method validation and verification in liquid scintillation counting using the long-term uncertainty method (LTUM) on two ... gathered over the past two decades by the laboratory for low level radioactivity measurements for liquid scintillation counting ...
Integrated approach to surfactant environmental safety assessment: fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid...
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting have been used to study the biodegradation of a novel ... Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting have been used to study the biodegradation of a novel ... fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting to determine the mechanism and kinetics of surfactant ... fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting to determine the mechanism and kinetics of surfactant ...
Urine gross alpha/beta bioassay method development using liquid scintillation counting techniques
Universal use of alpha/beta mode in liquid scintillation counting analysis for both alpha/beta and single nuclide determination ... Urine strontium-90 (Sr-90) manual and automated pre-analytical separation followed by liquid scintillation counting ... Urine gross alpha/beta bioassay method development using liquid scintillation counting techniques. ... Urine gross alpha/beta bioassay method development using liquid scintillation counting techniques ...
Experimental Evolution of Escherichia coli Harboring an Ancient Translation Protein | SpringerLink
Scintillation counting was used to quantify the amount of light signal generated by the luciferase pathway. For all six ... Scintillation Counts. Four experimental constructs: +86/−29 (G+86A), +54/−61 (G+54T), +87/−28 (A+87 C), and +94/−21 (19-bp ... kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\text{cd}}0}}\), where cd0 is the count of the competitor on day 0, cdx is the count of the ... Normalization of spectral counts was not applied based on these criteria: An equal amount of sample from each replicate was ...
In vivo detection and imaging of phosphatidylserine expression during programmed cell death | PNAS
Scintillation Well Counting.. Samples were counted in a Packard Cobra II gamma counter (Packard). The energy window was set at ... Scintillation well-counting assay revealed a ,11-fold increase in 99mTc HYNIC-annexin V uptake in PVG allografts as compared ... Animals were then imaged and killed 1 hr after injection of radiopharmaceutical after tumor removal for scintillation counting ... Animals were killed 1 hr after administration of radiopharmaceutical followed by organ removal for scintillation counting of ...
Difference between revisions of "KJM5911 Lab Exercise 5 - Liquid Scintillation Counting" - mn/safe/nukwik
Difference between revisions of "KJM5911 Lab Exercise 5 - Liquid Scintillation Counting". From mn/safe/nukwik ... Understand the theory behind Liquid Scintillation detection. *Understand how the detection equipment in Liquid Scintillation ... Retrieved from "https://wiki.uio.no/mn/safe/nukwik/index.php?title=KJM5911_Lab_Exercise_5_-_Liquid_Scintillation_Counting&oldid ... Understand the theory behind Liquid Scintillation detection. *Understand ...) ...
Projects/Programs | NIST
Projects/Programs | Page 9 | NIST
March 08, 1913 - Scientific American
Targeted In Vivo Labeling of Receptors for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor | Circulation
Scintillation Well Counting. Figure 1 summarizes gamma well counts in the muscles of the thigh (A and B) and entire hindlimb (C ... On postmortem gamma counting, there was greater accumulation of 111In-labeled VEGF121 in ischemic than in control tissue (P, ... Postmortem gamma counting demonstrated significantly greater uptake of 111In-labled VEGF121 by ischemic muscle than by ... Regions of interest were drawn over each hindlimb and the adjacent background, and background-subtracted count activity was ...
All researchers Using Scintillation Counting Fluid | Environmental Health and Safety
Due to the high cost of disposal of liquid scintillation vials containing non-biodegradable scintillation counting fluid (i.e ... Petitions must be submitted in writing and clearly state why the use of a scintillation counting fluid with a flash point , 140 ... To: All Research using Scintillation Counting Fluid. From: Joe M. Graves, Radiation Safety Officer ... Therefore, BioChem will no longer stock scintillation fluid with a flash point , 140° F. This means that scintillation fluids ...
Proteasome Inhibitors: A Novel Class of Potent and Effective Antitumor Agents | Cancer Research
Scintillation Counting.. Radiolabeled [14C]PS-341 (10 μCi/kg) was administered as an i.v. bolus to male mice bearing PC-3 ... whereupon blood and tissue samples were removed and levels of radioactivity determined using scintillation counting (Beckman). ... determined using scintillation counting in homogenized samples; bars, SE. ...
Plus it
Scintillation Counting.. Radiolabeled [14C]PS-341 (10 μCi/kg) was administered as an i.v. bolus to male mice bearing PC-3 ... whereupon blood and tissue samples were removed and levels of radioactivity determined using scintillation counting (Beckman). ... determined using scintillation counting in homogenized samples; bars, SE. ...
Responses to hypoxia and recovery: repayment of oxygen debt is not associated with compensatory protein synthesis in the...
Radiochemistry (RSC Publishing)
Plus it
All samples were counted as disintegrations per minute of tritium using a Beckman LS6500 scintillation counter (Beckman Coulter ... Thin Layer Chromatography and Scintillation Counting.. Total radioactivity was determined by diluting 15 µl of plasma, bile, or ... and InstaGel Plus scintillation cocktails were purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA). n-Butanol and glacial acetic acid were ... urine with 5 ml UltimaGold scintillation cocktail. Liver or kidney (50 mg) was disintegrated in 500 µl Solvable for 4 hours at ...
S | Hamamatsu Photonics
Patent US5824491 - Dry reagent test strip comprising benzidine dye precursor and antipyrine ... - Google Patents
Patent US20110008897 - Paint for Detection Of Corrosion and Warning of Chemical and Radiological Attack - Google Patents
Scintillation counting compositions. US4240992 *. Apr 3, 1978. Dec 23, 1980. Westinghouse Electric Corp.. Technique for ... These scintillations can be detected directly with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled with an amplifier and pulse-counting ... Alpha scintillation pigments 205 produce the luminescence λ1 Beta scintillation pigments 206 produce the luminescence λ2. Gamma ... or gamma-induced scintillations from pigment particles with a PMT coupled to an amplifier and pulse-counting electronics, a ...
Plus it
Determination of Radioactivity by Liquid Scintillation Counting. Scintillation cocktail was added directly to plasma and urine ... liquid scintillation counting. MAPK. mitogen-activated protein kinase. MS. mass spectrometry. MS/MS. tandem mass spectrometry. ... Microplate Scintillation Counting.. Sample fractions (20 μl) were collected throughout the chromatographic run (every 7 seconds ... counts per minute (cpm)] was determined using a microplate scintillation counter (TopCount NXT; PerkinElmer) with an ...
Vials2910TR liquid scintillation counterTritiumEfficiencyLiquid scintillation spectrometryCarbon-14DetectorDetectionRadioactivityBiodegradable scintillationSamplesCocktailMeasurementProportionalTolueneCounterCountersPhotomultiplierFluidsRadionuclidesAbstractSensitivityMeasurementsCrystalsConcentrationsCompoundsMethodsEmittersCHEMISTRYDetectorsAdvantagesCerenkovPreparationFluidMethodContaining varyingProximityReflectorEfficienciesAtomRadioisotopesSampleGeometryActivityOpticalAnalysis
Vials9
- The radioactive samples and cocktail are placed in small transparent or translucent (often glass or plastic) vials that are loaded into an instrument known as a liquid scintillation counter. (wikipedia.org)
- Cherenkov counting benefits from the use of plastic vials which scatter the emitted light, increasing the potential for light to reach the photomultiplier tube. (wikipedia.org)
- The indoor 222 Rn radionuclide was directly absorbed in typical 20 ml glass scintillation vials by passing −3 dm 3 of ambient air through 16 ml of water-immiscible non-volataile scintillation cocktail Ultima-Gold F for 10 min. (springer.com)
- Calf, GE and Polach, HA 1974 Teflon vials for liquid scintillation counting of carbon-14 samples. (springer.com)
- 1. There are two classes of waste scintillation fluid whether in vials or packaged as bulk liquid. (clemson.edu)
- Waste liquid scintillation fluid may be packaged in individual counting vials or in bulk containers. (clemson.edu)
- Leave the waste scintillation fluid in their vials, tightly capped, and place them in a separate, standardized, labeled waste can. (clemson.edu)
- 3) The re-use of scintillation vials is discouraged due to the possibility of contamination of the user. (clemson.edu)
- 4) Liquid scintillation vials containing organic solvents may not be emptied into the sewer. (clemson.edu)
2910TR liquid scintillation counter1
- The Tri-Carb 2910TR liquid scintillation counter is an advanced Spectra-based computer-controlled benchtop liquid scintillation analyzer for detecting small amounts of alpha, beta and gamma radioactivity for research and environmental mo. (selectscience.net)
Tritium3
- Counting efficiencies under ideal conditions range from about 30% for tritium (a low-energy beta emitter) to nearly 100% for phosphorus-32, a high-energy beta emitter. (wikipedia.org)
- For tritium detection, liquid scintillation counters have been classically employed, in which the energy of a tritium decay is transferred to a scintillant molecule in solution which in turn gives off photons whose intensity and spectrum can be measured by a photomultiplier array. (wikipedia.org)
- Direct counting (as in A.1) will be performed for a set period of time to determine if tritium content is low enough to require prior enrichment. (miami.edu)
Efficiency14
- In this report, the Cerenkov counting performance of the TopCount is documented for linearity, volume effects, efficiency, background and well-to-well crosstalk, as well as the applicability of this technique for liquid and filter/membrane counting. (bio-medicine.org)
- Counting efficiency, crosstalk, and background data were acquired for counting in white 96- and 24-well OptiPlates. (bio-medicine.org)
- Samples of animal or plant tissue are rarely thin or small enough to allow for full counting efficiency. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
- The principal problem faced in scintillation counting is the determination of counting efficiency of each individual sample (usually having soft B activity) being measured. (google.com)
- In contrast to other methods of radioactivity measurement in which a single efficiency factor may be determined by counting a known standard and then applied to all seemingly identical samples to correct for effects of geometry, lack of detector sensitivity, etc., in liquid scintillation counting detection efiiciency varies as a result of conditions within the sample itself and counting a standard sample to determine such efficiency is of no value. (google.com)
- For this purpose, liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is an excellent method because alphas are counted with nearly 100% counting efficiency with low backgrounds, even with severe quenching. (environmental-expert.com)
- In the present study, we compared the efficacy of three commercially available scintillation liquids, Optiphase HiSafe 3, Ultima-Gold AB (biodegradable) and Insta-Gel-XF (non-biodegradable), in terms of [14C]-glucose and [³H]-thymidine counting efficiency. (unifesp.br)
- We also analyzed the effect of the relative amount of water (1.6 to 50%), radioisotope concentration (0.1 to 100 nCi/ml), pH (2 to 10) and color of the solutions (samples containing 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml of Trypan blue) on the counting efficiency in the presence of these scintillation liquids. (unifesp.br)
- There were few significant differences in the efficiency of 14C and ³H counting obtained with biodegradable or non-biodegradable scintillation liquids. (unifesp.br)
- However, there was an 83 and 94% reduction in the efficiency of 14C and ³H counting, respectively, in samples colored with 1 mg/ml Trypan blue, but not with 0.1 mg/ml, independent of the scintillation liquid used. (unifesp.br)
- Considering the low cost of biodegradable scintillation cocktails and their efficacy, these results show that traditional hazardous scintillation fluids may be replaced with the new safe biodegradable fluids without impairment of ³H and 14C counting efficiency. (unifesp.br)
- The efficiency of this process is 4-50%, depending on the scintillation cocktail used. (wikipedia.org)
- Factors Affecting Counting Efficiency. (routledge.com)
- Key features of scintillator counters include high resolution, automated multi-detection and high counting efficiency. (selectscience.net)
Liquid scintillation spectrometry1
- Handbook of liquid scintillation spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
Carbon-141
- Audric, BN and Long, JVP 1954 Use of dissolved acetylene in liquid scintillation counters for the measurement of carbon-14 for low specific activity. (springer.com)
Detector15
- Broda, R and Radoszewski, T 1982 Scintillation detector with anticoincidence shield for determination of radioactive concentration of standard solutions. (springer.com)
- 3. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 2 , wherein each light sensor views more than one scintillator segment. (google.es)
- 4. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 2 , wherein each light sensor views three mutually contiguous scintillator segments. (google.es)
- 5. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 2 , wherein each scintillator segment is viewed by a respective group of three mutually contiguous light sensors dedicated to the respective scintillator segment. (google.es)
- 6. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 2 , wherein each segment is formed by a respective discrete scintillation crystal. (google.es)
- 7. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 6 , wherein a reflective bonding material is interposed between contiguous sides of the scintillator segments to join the discrete segments to one another. (google.es)
- 8. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 6 , wherein each segment has tapered sides for positioning in a nonplanar arrangement. (google.es)
- 9. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 8 , wherein the discrete scintillation crystals are mounted on a flexible substrate. (google.es)
- 10. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 2 , wherein a scintillation crystal has formed in a surface thereof a plurality of slits separating adjacent portions of the crystal, each portion forming a respective one of the scintillation segments. (google.es)
- 11. A scintillation detector as set forth in claim 2 , wherein a reflector is interposed between contiguous sides of the scintillator segments. (google.es)
- This would be by means of either a scintillation detector or a semiconductor detector placed in close proximity to the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Any radiation detector is a relative instrument, that is to say the measurement value can only be converted to an amount of material present by comparing the response signal (usually counts per minute, or per second) to the signal obtained from a standard whose quantity (activity) is well known. (wikipedia.org)
- At the core of a scintillation counter is a sensor and detector, where the sensor is typically a scintillator crystal. (selectscience.net)
- MicroBeta® TriLux is a multi-detector instrument designed for liquid scintillation or luminescence detection of samples in microtitration plates, tubes or on filters. (selectscience.net)
- Despite the handicap of encapsulation, the excellent characteristics of scintillation crystals have made this type of detector useful in geophysical surveys for uranium and oil, clinical measurements of radio isotopes, radiation monitoring of personnel for exposure, as well as the many applications in nuclear'physics and research. (google.com)
Detection8
- A method and apparatus for automatically counting the activity induced in a test sample containing a radioactive isotope while compensating for the amount of quenching in said test sample by adjusting the photomultiplier excitation or the gain of the amplifier in the detection system. (google.com)
- Created page with ' Image:UnderConstruction_pict22.gif Image:UnderConstruction_pict17.gif === Learning Goals === *Understand the theory behind Liquid Scintillation detection. (uio.no)
- Understand the theory behind Liquid Scintillation detection. (uio.no)
- Understand how the detection equipment in Liquid Scintillation works. (uio.no)
- The sensitivity of a counter does depend on counting time so the longer the count, for the same system, the better the detection limit. (wikipedia.org)
- Concentrating on techniques for the detection and measurement of radioactivity, this book offers a guide to selecting the type of counter, type of source sample, duration for which the counting must be made, and the radiation emitted by the isotope for its efficient detection. (routledge.com)
- Detection of Nuclear Radiation by Scintillation Counter. (routledge.com)
- Though the scintillation counter has become a familiar instrument for the detection of many types of ionizing radiation in a wide variety of applications, more sophisticated utilization of scintillation phosphors has demanded an increasing attention to improvements in the physical requirements of the scintillation phosphors with respect to the way they are mounted in the instruments. (google.com)
Radioactivity5
- Results from proficiency tests gathered over the past two decades by the laboratory for low level radioactivity measurements for liquid scintillation counting of 3 H (184 results) and 14 C (74 results) are used to verify the validated measurement methods used by the laboratory, in particular the estimated uncertainty budget of the method and its reproducibility and stability. (springer.com)
- Nuclear counting and separations analysis is available over a wide range of sample types, from low-radioactivity environmental samples to samples with high radioactivity requiring containment. (anl.gov)
- In health physics, whole-body counting refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body. (wikipedia.org)
- It introduces a novel concept to explain not only the decay processes but also the selection of counting procedures for detecting and measuring radioactivity. (routledge.com)
- following successive washes, intracellular radioactivity was measured by scintillation counting. (nih.gov)
Biodegradable scintillation5
- Researchers must submit compelling justification for why a non-biodegradable scintillation fluid is required for their usage, and after receiving written approval, a special order can be placed through BioChem or Chemistry Stores. (uiowa.edu)
- Please direct any questions regarding this policy or written requests for special orders of non-biodegradable scintillation fluids to Joe Graves , phone: 335-8517. (uiowa.edu)
- The use of biodegradable scintillation cocktails minimizes both human and environmental exposure to hazardous solvents. (unifesp.br)
- In addition, some biodegradable scintillation liquids can be 40% less expensive than the traditional hazardous cocktails. (unifesp.br)
- Only aqueous based solutions, such as biodegradable scintillation fluids, may be discharged into the sanitary sewer system. (clemson.edu)
Samples7
- Some chemical compounds (notably chlorine compounds) and highly colored samples can interfere with the counting process. (wikipedia.org)
- Where appropriate, samples were also Cerenkov counted on the Packard Tri-Carb 2500TR LSC for comparison to TopCount. (bio-medicine.org)
- Liquid scintillation counting of discrete samples is conceptually straightforward. (nationaldiagnostics.com)
- The present invention relates to liquid scintillation spec trometry and more particularly to automatic liquid scintillation analysis of samples containing one of more radioactive elements (generally [3 emitters). (google.com)
- In the case of a radiological or nuclear incident, valuable information could be obtained in a timely manner by using Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) technique through fast screening of urine samples from potentially contaminated persons. (cdc.gov)
- For most samples containing minimal amounts of water (0-15%), CytoScint™ ES will result in increased count recovery and maximum sample solubilization. (mpbio.com)
- Primary Applications: Aqueous samples from 0 to 15% count as monophasic solutions. (mpbio.com)
Cocktail4
- High-energy beta emitters, such as phosphorus-32 and yitrium-90 can also be counted in a scintillation counter without the cocktail, instead using an aqueous solution containing no scintillators. (wikipedia.org)
- A new feature allows the use of TopCount for measuring a high energy beta emitter such as 32 P by Cerenkov counting, a well-known measurement technique that has the main advantage of not requiring the addition of scintillation cocktail. (bio-medicine.org)
- The main advantage to Cerenkov counting is the fact that scintillation cocktail is not required for measurement. (bio-medicine.org)
- A gelling agent, N-lauroyl-L-glutamic-α,γ-dibutylamide, was applied for liquid scintillation counting of inorganic 32 P and 35 S. The gel with toluene cocktail is transparent and rigid for a long time. (elsevier.com)
Measurement2
- Liquid scintillation counting is the measurement of radioactive activity of a sample material which uses the technique of mixing the active material with a liquid scintillator (e.g. zinc sulfide), and counting the resultant photon emissions. (wikipedia.org)
- The TopCount Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter has been widely used in biopharmaceutical assays involving both radionuclide and luminescence measurement. (bio-medicine.org)
Proportional2
- Low-level gas proportional counting of water sample. (miami.edu)
- The very advantages of the scintillation crystals, namely, high sensitivity to gamma rays, wide range of physical size, response proportional to the incident radiation, rapid response time, and a fast decay time, tend to be attenuated by the requirements of encapsulating the crystals for use under ordinary operating conditions. (google.com)
Toluene1
- 140° F. This means that scintillation fluids based on toluene or xylene will no longer be available except by special order. (uiowa.edu)
Counter7
- 218 Po and 214 Po, was determined with the BetaScout low-background liquid scintillation counter. (springer.com)
- Cerenkov Counting Performance on the TopCountTM Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter ( Abstract The Top. (bio-medicine.org)
- The TopCount Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter has bee. (bio-medicine.org)
- Ediss, C 1980 A multichannel analyser interface for a Beckman 9000 liquid scintillation counter. (springer.com)
- Coulter counter an automated instrument for performing blood counts , based on the principle that cells are poor electrical conductors compared with saline solution. (thefreedictionary.com)
- scintillation counter a device for detecting ionization events, permitting determination of the concentration of radioisotopes in the body or other substance. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Remove 1 ml sample of liquid and count on Liquid Scintillation Counter. (sfu.ca)
Counters2
- Berthold, F 1980 A new approach to automatic photomultiplier stabilisation for photon and scintillation counters. (springer.com)
- Scintillation also includes liquid scintillation, radiometers and particle counters. (selectscience.net)
Photomultiplier3
- The coincidence circuit assures that genuine light pulses, which reach both photomultiplier tubes, are counted, while spurious pulses (due to line noise, for example), which would only affect one of the tubes, are ignored. (wikipedia.org)
- This technique, known as Cherenkov counting, relies on Cherenkov radiation being detected directly by the photomultiplier tubes. (wikipedia.org)
- 56] References Cited 8 UNITED STATES PATENTS ENCAPSULATED SCINTILLATION PHOSPHOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of scintillation phosphors, and particularly crystals, in which flashes of light are produced by the passage of charged particles through certain organic or inorganic crystalline materials, which flashes are then detected and amplified by a device such as a photomultiplier tube, is well known. (google.com)
Fluids1
- 1. Regulated organic based waste scintillation fluids will be handled and disposed of as "mixed waste" (waste that is considered both hazardous and radioactive). (clemson.edu)
Radionuclides3
- Radionuclides were counted in a programmed scintillation spectrometer. (cdc.gov)
- The advantages of whole-body counting are that it measures body contents directly, does not rely on indirect bio-assay methods (such as urinalysis) as it can measure insoluble radionuclides in the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
- The BOMAB phantom consists of 10 high-density polyethylene containers and is used to calibrate in vivo counting systems that are designed to measure the radionuclides that emit high energy photons (200 keV (wikipedia.org)
Abstract1
- abstract = "A gelling agent, N-lauroyl-L-glutamic-α,γ-dibutylamide, was applied for liquid scintillation counting of inorganic32P and35S. (elsevier.com)
Sensitivity1
- The Cerenkov counting mode was used on the TopCount with a factory set region of interest especially suited for highest sensitivity. (bio-medicine.org)
Measurements2
- Among several procedures described in the literature for direct indoor Rn measurements, liquid scintillation plays a very important role. (springer.com)
- [3] [4] The measurements are typically expressed in counts per minute (CPM) or disintegrations per minute (DPM). (wikipedia.org)
Crystals1
- The camera may also use an array of individual scintillation elements (crystals) in place of a single crystal, with certain advantages obtained thereby. (google.es)
Concentrations1
- High ionic concentrations will be most efficiently counted in this region. (mpbio.com)
Compounds1
- If you have any questions concerning the disposal of scintillation fluid or mixed waste, please call the Radiation Safety Officer before initiating the use of these compounds. (clemson.edu)
Methods3
- Liquid scintillation methods are becoming widely used, particularly for measuring soft B emitting isotopes in the biological, chemical and medical research fields. (google.com)
- Scintillation counting is one of the most sensitive and effective methods for detecting radiation. (hamamatsu.com)
- The fine capillary structure of glass fiber filters can absorb large quantities of water, enabling spot tests and liquid scintillation counting methods. (fishersci.com)
Emitters2
- On the other hand, disadvantages of whole-body counting are that except in special circumstances it can only be used for gamma emitters due to self-shielding of the human body, and it can misinterpret external contamination as an internal contamination. (wikipedia.org)
- A well designed counting system can detect levels of most gamma emitters (>200 keV) at levels far below that which would cause adverse health effects in people. (wikipedia.org)
CHEMISTRY1
- Gelation with N-lauroyl-L-glutamic-α,γ-dibutylamide for liquid scintillation counting of low specific activities of 35 S and 32 P . Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters , 165 (4), 203-207. (elsevier.com)
Detectors1
- New coverage is presented on ROC curves, micropattern gas detectors, new sensors for scintillation light, and the excess noise factor. (ecampus.com)
Advantages1
- These advantages make Cerenkov counting an attractive alternative to liquid scintillation counting of 32 P in microplate based assays. (bio-medicine.org)
Cerenkov2
- Cerenkov counting performance in the TopCount is documented for a variety of sample matrices and assays. (bio-medicine.org)
- All wells were counted for five minutes each using a predefined window for Cerenkov counting (channels 6-60). (bio-medicine.org)
Preparation2
- The sample is measured directly in its own medium with little or no preparation for counting. (bio-medicine.org)
- Preparation of Sources for Counting. (routledge.com)
Fluid1
- Principal investigators who are authorized to use radioactive materials or are applying for such use may petition the Executive Committee for a scintillation fluid exception. (uiowa.edu)
Method2
- Liquid scintillation (LS) radiometry (the counting of nuclear emanations) has undergone continuous development since attempts were first made in the early 1950s to detect natural 14 C by this method. (springer.com)
- The counting method. (springer.com)
Containing varying1
- Counting Counting performance in 0.4 and 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes containing varying amounts of water was assessed. (bio-medicine.org)
Proximity1
- We have developed a quantitative scintillation proximity assay (SPA) that reproduces the Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway. (nih.gov)
Reflector1
- According to another aspect of the invention, there is a reflector sheet that defines an array of apertures through which scintillation light can pass from the scintillation crystal to a plurality of light sensors optically coupled to an optical window in an array corresponding to the array of apertures in the reflector. (google.es)
Efficiencies1
- 1 β energies in excess of 1 MeV are more desirable since the counting efficiencies are higher and closer to those observed by liquid scintillation counting. (bio-medicine.org)
Atom2
- Integrated approach to surfactant environmental safety assessment: fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting to determine the mechanism and kinetics of surfactant biodegradation. (semanticscholar.org)
- Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting have been used to study the biodegradation of a novel cationic surfactant in live sludge. (semanticscholar.org)
Radioisotopes1
- Whole body counting may be unable to distinguish between radioisotopes that have similar gamma energies. (wikipedia.org)
Sample2
Geometry1
- Depending on the counting geometry of the system, count times can be from 1 minute to about 30 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
- The purpose is to allow more efficient counting due to the intimate contact of the activity with the scintillator. (wikipedia.org)
Optical1
- Larry C. Andrews , Ronald L. Phillips , Richard J. Sasiela, Ronald R. Parenti , "Strehl ratio and scintillation theory for uplink Gaussian-beam waves: beam wander effects," Optical Engineering 45(7), 076001 (1 July 2006). (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Analysis2
- Analysis of radioactive strontium-90 in food by Čerenkov liquid scintillation counting. (nih.gov)
- Analysis by onboard Liquid Scintillation Counting. (bodc.ac.uk)