Schwann cells. Medical search

Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

An early growth response transcription factor that controls the formation of the MYELIN SHEATH around peripheral AXONS by SCHWANN CELLS. Mutations in EGR2 transcription factor have been associated with HEREDITARY MOTOR AND SENSORY NEUROPATHIES such as CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE.

A protein that accounts for more than half of the peripheral nervous system myelin protein. The extracellular domain of this protein is believed to engage in adhesive interactions and thus hold the myelin membrane compact. It can behave as a homophilic adhesion molecule through interactions with its extracellular domains. (From J Cell Biol 1994;126(4):1089-97)

Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.

A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)

An octamer transcription factor that plays an important role in the MYELIN SHEATH development by SCHWANN CELLS.

A peptide factor originally identified by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2). It is a ligand for the erbB-3 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-3) and the erbB-4 receptor. Variant forms of NEUREGULIN-1 occur through alternative splicing of its mRNA.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

MYELIN-specific proteins that play a structural or regulatory role in the genesis and maintenance of the lamellar MYELIN SHEATH structure.

The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.

Regularly spaced gaps in the myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. Ranvier's nodes allow saltatory conduction, that is, jumping of impulses from node to node, which is faster and more energetically favorable than continuous conduction.

A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)

A family of peptides originally found as factors that stimulate the phosphorylation of the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTORS, ERBB-2). Multiple variant forms of NEUREGULINS occur due to alternative splicing of their mRNAs. The NEUREGULINS include products from the three known genes (NGR1; NGR2 and NGR3).

Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

A factor identified in the brain that influences the growth and differentiation of NEURONS and NEUROGLIA. Glia maturation factor beta is the 17-kDa polypeptide product of the GMFB gene and is the principal component of GLIA MATURATION FACTOR.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

A protein found most abundantly in the nervous system. Defects or deficiencies in this protein are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, Watson syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome. Mutations in the gene (GENE, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) affect two known functions: regulation of ras-GTPase and tumor suppression.

A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)

Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Mice which carry mutant genes for neurologic defects or abnormalities.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 17 in the region 17q11.2. Mutation of these genes is thought to cause NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, Watson syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

The outermost cytoplasmic layer of the SCHWANN CELLS covering NERVE FIBERS.

Cell surface receptors that bind NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; (NGF) and a NGF-related family of neurotrophic factors that includes neurotrophins, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR and CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES during neural crest formation and in CHONDROGENESIS.

A low affinity receptor that binds NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN 3; and neurotrophin 4.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease.

A membrane protein homologous to the ERM (Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins which regulate physical properties of membranes. Alterations in neurofibromin 2 are the cause of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.

Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that causes LEPROSY in man. Its organisms are generally arranged in clumps, rounded masses, or in groups of bacilli side by side.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolism of neurofilaments is disturbed in Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by the presence of neurofilament epitopes in the neurofibrillary tangles, as well as by the severe reduction of the expression of the gene for the light neurofilament subunit of the neurofilament triplet in brains of Alzheimer's patients. (Can J Neurol Sci 1990 Aug;17(3):302)

A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

A myelin protein found in the periaxonal membrane of both the central and peripheral nervous systems myelin sheaths. It binds to cells surface receptors found on AXONS and may regulate cellular interactions between MYELIN and AXONS.

GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.

A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for NEUREGULINS. It has extensive homology to and can heterodimerize with the EGF RECEPTOR and the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR. Overexpression of the erbB-3 receptor is associated with TUMORIGENESIS.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection of the vertebrate nervous system. These molecules promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. These are not to be confused with NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES, now known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types in addition to nervous tissue.

The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Confocal calcium imaging reveals an ionotropic P2 nucleotide receptor in the paranodal membrane of rat Schwann cells. (1/1583)

1. The paranodal Schwann cell region is of major importance for the function of a myelinated axon. In the present study we searched for a possible ionotropic effect of extracellular ATP in this Schwann cell compartment. 2. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from cultured rat Schwann cells revealed that ATP and 2'-3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP) induced a non-specific cation current. The effect of ATP was much enhanced in a Ca2+- and Mg2+-free solution. ADP, UTP and alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-meATP) had no effect. 3. Confocal Ca2+ imaging of myelinating Schwann cells in isolated rat spinal roots showed a BzATP-induced rise in the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the paranodal Schwann cell cytoplasm whereas alpha,beta-meATP and 2-(methylthio)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate were without effect. In contrast to the known metabotropic effect of UTP on these Schwann cell regions, the BzATP-induced Ca2+ signal was not transient, was unaffected by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. 4. These results suggest that an ionotropic ATP receptor with electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of the P2X7 subtype of nucleotide receptors is functionally active in myelinating Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. Such a receptor might contribute to Schwann cell reactions in nerve injury or neuropathy. (+info)

Transport of Trembler-J mutant peripheral myelin protein 22 is blocked in the intermediate compartment and affects the transport of the wild-type protein by direct interaction. (2/1583)

Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is an integral membrane protein that is essential for the normal formation and maintenance of peripheral myelin. Duplications, deletions, or mutations in the PMP22 gene account for a set of dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathies. The heterozygous Trembler-J (TrJ) genotype in mice is similar genetically to a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A pedigree in humans, whereas the homozygous TrJ condition leads to the most severe form of PMP22-associated neuropathies. To characterize the consequences of the TrJ mutation, we labeled wild-type (wt-) and TrJ-PMP22 in the third loop of the protein with different epitope tags and expressed them separately or together in COS7 cells and primary Schwann cells. Here we show that the transport of the mutant TrJ-PMP22 is interrupted in the intermediate compartment, preventing its insertion into the plasma membrane and affecting the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, TrJ-PMP22 forms a heterodimer with the wt-PMP22. This interaction causes a fraction of the wt-PMP22 to be retained with TrJ-PMP22 in the intermediate compartment of COS7 and Schwann cells. The relative stability of a wt-mutant PMP22 heterodimer as compared with the wt-wt PMP22 homodimer may determine whether a particular mutation is semidominant or dominant. The neuropathy itself appears to result both from decreased trafficking of wt-PMP22 to the plasma membrane and from a toxic gain of function via the accumulation of wt- and TrJ-PMP22 in the intermediate compartment. (+info)

A role for insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of Schwann cell survival. (3/1583)

During postnatal development in the peripheral nerve, differentiating Schwann cells are susceptible to apoptotic death. Schwann cell apoptosis is regulated by axons and serves as one mechanism through which axon and Schwann cell numbers are correctly matched. This regulation is mediated in part by the provision of limiting axon-derived trophic molecules, although neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is the only trophic factor shown to date to support Schwann cell survival. In this report, we identify insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) as an additional trophin that can promote Schwann cell survival in vitro. We find that IGF-I, like NRG-1, can prevent the apoptotic death of postnatal rat Schwann cells cultured under conditions of serum withdrawal. Moreover, we show that differentiating Schwann cells in the rat sciatic nerve express both the IGF-I receptor (IGF-I R) and IGF-I throughout postnatal development. These results indicate that IGF-I is likely to control Schwann cell viability in the developing peripheral nerve and, together with other findings, raise the interesting possibility that such survival regulation may switch during postnatal development from an axon-dependent mechanism to an autocrine and/or paracrine one. (+info)

A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting clone of the Schwann cell line SCTM41 enhances survival and fiber outgrowth from embryonic nigral neurons grafted to the striatum and to the lesioned substantia nigra. (4/1583)

We have developed a novel Schwann cell line, SCTM41, derived from postnatal sciatic nerve cultures and have stably transfected a clone with a rat glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) construct. Coculture with this GDNF-secreting clone enhances in vitro survival and fiber growth of embryonic dopaminergic neurons. In the rat unilateral 6-OHDA lesion model of Parkinson's disease, we have therefore made cografts of these cells with embryonic day 14 ventral mesencephalic grafts and assayed for effects on dopaminergic cell survival and process outgrowth. We show that cografts of GDNF-secreting Schwann cell lines improve the survival of intrastriatal embryonic dopaminergic neuronal grafts and improve neurite outgrowth into the host neuropil but have no additional effect on amphetamine-induced rotation. We next looked to see whether bridge grafts of GDNF-secreting SCTM41 cells would promote the growth of axons to their striatal targets from dopaminergic neurons implanted orthotopically into the 6-OHDA-lesioned substantia nigra. We show that such bridge grafts increase the survival of implanted embryonic dopaminergic neurons and promote the growth of axons through the grafts to the striatum. (+info)

Krox-20 controls SCIP expression, cell cycle exit and susceptibility to apoptosis in developing myelinating Schwann cells. (5/1583)

The transcription factors Krox-20 and SCIP each play important roles in the differentiation of Schwann cells. However, the genes encoding these two proteins exhibit distinct time courses of expression and yield distinct cellular phenotypes upon mutation. SCIP is expressed prior to the initial appearance of Krox-20, and is transient in both the myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cell lineages; while in contrast, Krox-20 appears approximately 24 hours after SCIP and then only within the myelinating lineage, where its expression is stably maintained into adulthood. Similarly, differentiation of SCIP-/- Schwann cells appears to transiently stall at the promyelinating stage that precedes myelination, whereas Krox-20(-/-) cells are, by morphological criteria, arrested at this stage. These observations led us to examine SCIP regulation and Schwann cell phenotype in Krox-20 mouse mutants. We find that in Krox-20(-/-) Schwann cells, SCIP expression is converted from transient to sustained. We further observe that both Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are normal features of SCIP+ cells, are also markedly increased late in postnatal development in Krox-20 mutants relative to wild type, and that the levels of cell division and apoptosis are balanced to yield a stable number of Schwann cells within peripheral nerves. These data demonstrate that the loss of Krox-20 in myelinating Schwann cells arrests differentiation at the promyelinating stage, as assessed by SCIP expression, mitotic activity and susceptibility to apoptosis. (+info)

Characterization of the transmembrane molecular architecture of the dystroglycan complex in schwann cells. (6/1583)

We have demonstrated previously 1) that the dystroglycan complex, but not the sarcoglycan complex, is expressed in peripheral nerve, and 2) that alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular laminin-2-binding protein anchored to beta-dystroglycan in the Schwann cell membrane. In the present study, we investigated the transmembrane molecular architecture of the dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells. The cytoplasmic domain of beta-dystroglycan was co-localized with Dp116, the Schwann cell-specific isoform of dystrophin, in the abaxonal Schwann cell cytoplasm adjacent to the outer membrane. beta-dystroglycan bound to Dp116 mainly via the 15 C-terminal amino acids of its cytoplasmic domain, but these amino acids were not solely responsible for the interaction of these two proteins. Interestingly, the beta-dystroglycan-precipitating antibody precipitated only a small fraction of alpha-dystroglycan and did not precipitate laminin and Dp116 from the peripheral nerve extracts. Our results indicate 1) that Dp116 is a component of the submembranous cytoskeletal system that anchors the dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells, and 2) that the dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells is fragile compared with that in striated muscle cells. We propose that this fragility may be attributable to the absence of the sarcoglycan complex in Schwann cells. (+info)

Neural cell surface differentiation antigen gp130(RB13-6) induces fibroblasts and glioma cells to express astroglial proteins and invasive properties. (7/1583)

Transient expression of the differentiation and tumor cell surface antigen gp130(RB13-6) characterizes a subset of rat glial progenitor cells susceptible to ethylnitrosourea-induced neurooncogenesis. gp130(RB13-6) is as a member of an emerging protein family of ecto-phosphodiesterases/nucleotide pyrophosphatases that includes PC-1 and the tumor cell motility factor autotaxin. We have investigated the potential role of gp130(RB13-6) in glial differentiation by transfection of three cell lines of different origin that do not express endogenous gp130(RB13-6) (NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts; C6 and BT7Ca rat glioma cells) with the cDNA encoding gp130(RB13-6). The effect of gp130(RB13-6) expression was analyzed in terms of overall cell morphology, the expression of glial cell-specific marker proteins, and invasiveness. Transfectant sublines, consisting of 100% gp130(RB13-6)-positive cells, exhibited an altered, bipolar morphology. Fascicular aggregates of fibroblastoid cells subsequently developed into mesh-like patterns. Contrary to the parental NIH-3T3 and BT7Ca cells, the transfectant cells invaded into collagen type I. As shown by immunofluorescence staining of the transfectant sublines as well as of primary cultures composed of gp130(RB13-6)-positive and -negative cells, expression of gp130(RB13-6) induced coexpression of proteins typical for glial cells and their precursors, i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein, the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, and the neural proteins Thy-1, Ran-2, and S-100. In accordance with its expression in the immature rat nervous system, gp130(RB13-6) may thus have a significant role in the glial differentiation program and its subversion in neurooncogenesis. (+info)

Schwann cell hyperplasia and tumors in transgenic mice expressing a naturally occurring mutant NF2 protein. (8/1583)

Specific mutations in some tumor suppressor genes such as p53 can act in a dominant fashion. We tested whether this mechanism may also apply for the neurofibromatosis type-2 gene (NF2) which, when mutated, leads to schwannoma development. Transgenic mice were generated that express, in Schwann cells, mutant NF2 proteins prototypic of natural mutants observed in humans. Mice expressing a NF2 protein with an interstitial deletion in the amino-terminal domain showed high prevalence of Schwann cell-derived tumors and Schwann cell hyperplasia, whereas those expressing a carboxy-terminally truncated protein were normal. Our results indicate that a subset of mutant NF2 alleles observed in patients may encode products with dominant properties when overexpressed in specific cell lineages. (+info)

The process of Wallerian degeneration begins with the loss of myelin sheaths that surround the axons and are essential for their proper functioning. As a result of this degeneration, the axoplasm (the cytoplasmic contents of an axon) is exposed to the extracellular space, leading to a series of degradative changes within the axon. These changes include:

1. Breakdown of organelles and their membranes
2. Release of cellular contents into the extracellular space
3. Activation of proteolytic enzymes that degrade axonal structures
4. Influx of ionic fluids and water into the axon, leading to swelling and eventually rupture of the axon.

The onset and progression of Wallerian degeneration depend on various factors, including the severity of the initial injury, the age of the individual, and the presence of any underlying medical conditions. The degenerative process can be slowed down or even halted by various interventions, such as local application of neurotrophic factors or axonal regeneration promoters.

Wallerian degeneration is a common phenomenon in many neurodegenerative diseases and injuries, including traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and peripheral nerve damage. Understanding the mechanisms of Wallerian degeneration can provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for their management.

Neurofibroma is a type of benign neoplasm that develops on nerve tissue, typically seen in the setting of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These tumors are slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms until they become large enough to compress surrounding structures or nerves.

Neurofibromas can occur anywhere in the body where there is nerve tissue, but they are most commonly found in the skin, spine, and peripheral nerves. They are usually soft to the touch and may feel like a firm lump or nodule under the skin. In some cases, neurofibromas can become painful if they compress surrounding nerves.

The diagnosis of a neurofibroma is typically made through imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans. Ultrasound may also be used to evaluate the tumor and determine its characteristics. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for neurofibromas depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the symptoms it is causing. Small, asymptomatic neurofibromas may not require treatment and can be monitored with regular imaging studies. Larger tumors may require surgical removal to relieve compression on surrounding structures or nerves. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used to shrink the tumor before surgery.

In addition to its physical effects, a neurofibroma can also have a significant impact on a person's quality of life due to its appearance and potential for discomfort or pain. It is important for individuals with this condition to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and concerns.

The exact cause of neurilemmoma is not known, but it is believed to be related to genetic mutations that occur during fetal development. Some cases have been associated with neurofibromatosis type 2, a genetic disorder that affects the growth and development of nerve tissue.

Neurilemmoma typically manifests as a slow-growing mass or lump in the affected area. Symptoms can include pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb or organ, depending on the location of the tumor. In some cases, neurilemmoma can cause hormonal imbalances or disrupt normal nerve function.

Diagnosis of neurilemmoma usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant cells. Treatment options for neurilemmoma include surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, and in some cases, observation with periodic monitoring. The prognosis for patients with neurilemmoma is generally good if the tumor is removed completely, but recurrence is possible in some cases.

Types of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Traumatic Nerve Injury: This type of injury occurs due to direct trauma to the nerve, such as a blow or a crush injury.
2. Compression Neuropathy: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is compressed or pinched, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
3. Stretch Injury: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is stretched or overstretched, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
4. Entrapment Neuropathy: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is compressed or trapped between two structures, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.

Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Weakness or paralysis of specific muscle groups
2. Numbness or tingling in the affected area
3. Pain or burning sensation in the affected area
4. Difficulty with balance and coordination
5. Abnormal reflexes
6. Incontinence or other bladder or bowel problems

Causes of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Trauma, such as a car accident or fall
2. Sports injuries
3. Repetitive strain injuries, such as those caused by repetitive motions in the workplace or during sports activities
4. Compression or entrapment of nerves, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or tarsal tunnel syndrome
5. Infections, such as Lyme disease or diphtheria
6. Tumors or cysts that compress or damage nerves
7. Vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 deficiency
8. Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
9. Toxins, such as heavy metals or certain chemicals

Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

1. Physical therapy to improve strength and range of motion
2. Medications to manage pain and inflammation
3. Surgery to release compressed nerves or repair damaged nerves
4. Electrical stimulation therapy to promote nerve regeneration
5. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to stimulate healing
6. Stem cell therapy to promote nerve regeneration
7. Injection of botulinum toxin to relieve pain and reduce muscle spasticity
8. Orthotics or assistive devices to improve mobility and function

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of a peripheral nerve injury, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes.

The most common demyelinating diseases include:

1. Multiple sclerosis (MS): An autoimmune disease that affects the CNS, including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. MS causes inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, leading to a range of symptoms such as muscle weakness, vision problems, and cognitive difficulties.
2. Acute demyelination: A sudden, severe loss of myelin that can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other factors. This condition can result in temporary or permanent nerve damage.
3. Chronic inflammatory demyelination (CIDP): A rare autoimmune disorder that causes progressive damage to the myelin sheath over time. CIDP can affect the CNS and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
4. Moore's disease: A rare genetic disorder that results in progressive demyelination of the CNS, leading to a range of neurological symptoms including muscle weakness, seizures, and cognitive difficulties.
5. Leukodystrophies: A group of genetic disorders that affect the development or function of myelin-producing cells in the CNS. These conditions can cause progressive loss of myelin and result in a range of neurological symptoms.

Demyelinating diseases can be challenging to diagnose, as the symptoms can be similar to other conditions and the disease progression can be unpredictable. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and its severity, and may include medications to reduce inflammation and modulate the immune system, as well as rehabilitation therapies to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

CMT is caused by mutations in genes that are responsible for producing proteins that support the structure and function of the peripheral nerves. These mutations lead to a progressive loss of nerve fibers, particularly in the legs and feet, but also in the hands and arms. As a result, people with CMT often experience muscle weakness, numbness or tingling sensations, and foot deformities such as hammertoes and high arches. They may also have difficulty walking, balance problems, and decreased reflexes.

There are several types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, each with different symptoms and progression. Type 1 is the most common form and typically affects children, while type 2 is more severe and often affects adults. Other types include type 3, which causes muscle weakness and atrophy, and type 4, which affects the hands and feet but not the legs.

There is no cure for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, but there are several treatments available to manage its symptoms. These may include physical therapy, braces or orthotics, pain medication, and surgery. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be recommended to replace damaged nerve cells with healthy ones.

Early diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is important to ensure proper management and prevention of complications. Treatment can help improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease. With appropriate support and accommodations, people with CMT can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases can result from a variety of causes, including:

1. Trauma or injury
2. Infections such as Lyme disease or HIV
3. Autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome
4. Genetic mutations
5. Tumors or cysts
6. Toxins or poisoning
7. Vitamin deficiencies
8. Chronic diseases such as diabetes or alcoholism

Some common Peripheral Nervous System Diseases include:

1. Neuropathy - damage to the nerves that can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected areas.
2. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - an autoimmune disease that affects the CNS and PNS, causing a range of symptoms including numbness, weakness, and vision problems.
3. Peripheral Neuropathy - damage to the nerves that can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected areas.
4. Guillain-Barré syndrome - an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness and paralysis.
5. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - a group of inherited disorders that affect the nerves in the feet and legs, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.
6. Friedreich's ataxia - an inherited disorder that affects the nerves in the spine and limbs, leading to coordination problems and muscle weakness.
7. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) - an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the nerves, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected areas.
8. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - a progressive neurological disease that affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and paralysis.
9. Spinal Muscular Atrophy - an inherited disorder that affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.
10. Muscular Dystrophy - a group of inherited disorders that affect the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.

It's important to note that this is not an exhaustive list and there may be other causes of muscle weakness. If you are experiencing persistent or severe muscle weakness, it is important to see a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

The main features of NF1 are:

* Neurofibromas: These are the hallmark feature of NF1. They are usually soft to the touch and have a characteristic "plexiform" or web-like appearance under a microscope.
* Skin changes: People with NF1 may have freckles, skin spots, or patches that are darker or lighter than the surrounding skin.
* Bone abnormalities: About 50% of people with NF1 will have bony deformities, such as bowed legs, curvature of the spine, or abnormal bone growth.
* Optic gliomas: These are benign tumors that grow on the nerves in the eye and can cause vision problems.
* Learning disabilities: Children with NF1 may have learning difficulties, particularly with math and memory.
* Other health problems: People with NF1 may also develop other health issues, such as high blood pressure, heart problems, or thyroid disorders.

There is no cure for NF1, but various treatments can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications. These may include surgery to remove tumors, medication to control high blood pressure or other health problems, and specialized education programs to help with learning difficulties. With appropriate care and support, people with NF1 can lead fulfilling lives.

Nerve sheath neoplasms are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. However, as they grow, they can exert pressure on the surrounding nerve tissue and cause a variety of symptoms, including:

1. Pain or numbness in the affected area
2. Weakness or paralysis of the muscles served by the affected nerve
3. Tingling or burning sensations in the skin or extremities
4. Seizures, in rare cases

The exact cause of nerve sheath neoplasms is not known, but they are thought to be associated with genetic mutations that affect the development and growth of nerve cells. Some cases may also be caused by inherited conditions, such as Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or schwannomatosis.

There are several types of nerve sheath neoplasms, including:

1. Neurofibromas: These are the most common type of nerve sheath tumor and are usually benign. They can occur in any part of the body and may grow slowly over time.
2. Schwannomas: These are also benign tumors that arise from the covering of nerves (the schwann cells). They are usually slow-growing and can occur in any part of the body.
3. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs): These are rare and aggressive tumors that can arise from the coverings of nerves. They can grow rapidly and can be difficult to treat.

Diagnosis of nerve sheath neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of a tumor. Treatment options vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery is often the first line of treatment for nerve sheath neoplasms, and may be followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy in some cases.

... myelinated axon and Schwann cell" Cell Centered Database-Schwann cell (Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from ... and leprosy are all neuropathies involving Schwann cells. Schwann cells are a variety of glial cells that keep peripheral nerve ... Individual myelinating Schwann cells cover about 1 mm of an axon-equating to about 1000 Schwann cells along a 1-m length of the ... Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath. The Schwann cell promoter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwann_cell

Schwann cell precursors then differentiate into Immature Schwann cells from which myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells ... develop into Immature Schwann cells which then differentiate into Myelinating Schwann cells and non-Myelinating schwann cells ... Perisynaptic Schwann cells develop as non-myelinating Schwann cells and encapsulate the NMJ. PSCs can be attributed to glial ... These cells share a common ancestor with both Myelinating and Non-Myelinating Schwann Cells called Neural Crest cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perisynaptic_schwann_cells

Schwann's third tenet, speculating on the formation of cells, was later disproven. Schwann hypothesized that living cells ... In it Schwann declared that "All living things are composed of cells and cell products". He drew three further conclusions ... Dining with Schwann one day, their conversation turned on the nuclei of plant and animal cells. Schwann remembered seeing ... cells that are independent and separate, e.g. blood cells cells that are independent but compacted together in layers, e.g. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Schwann

Cell division by Hugo von Mohl 1835: Discovery and description of mitosis by Hugo von Mohl 1839: Cell theory by Theodor Schwann ... Discovery of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system by Theodor Schwann 1836: Discovery and study of pepsin by Theodor ... Karenberg, Axel (26 October 2000). "Chapter 7. The Schwann cell". In Koehler, Peter J.; Bruyn, George W.; Pearce, John M. S. ( ... Molecular Cell Biology. 7 (4): 296-302. doi:10.1038/nrm1855. PMC 2464568. PMID 16482093. Bailey, L. E.; Ong, S. D. (1978). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventions_and_discoveries

The macrophages, accompanied by Schwann cells, serve to clear the debris from the degeneration. Schwann cells respond to loss ... Axons have been observed to regenerate in close association to these cells. Schwann cells upregulate the production of cell ... hence the Schwann cells take the major role in myelin cleaning until then. Schwann cells have been observed to recruit ... Schwann cells also provide structural guidance to further enhance regeneration. During their proliferation phase, Schwann cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallerian_degeneration

Schwann cells "The Neural Crest". Retrieved 2009-05-31. Grenier J, Teillet MA, Grifone R, Kelly RG, Duprez D (2009). Callaerts ... Jiang HB, Tian WD, Liu LK, Xu Y (June 2008). "In vitro odontoblast-like cell differentiation of cranial neural crest cells ... Odontoblasts (dentin-producing cells) of the teeth. Around the optic vesicle and the developing eye and contributes to many eye ... The endocranium and facial bones of the skull are ultimately derived from crest cells. Other Migration Locations: Into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_neural_crest

Sango, Kazunori; Yamauchi, Junji (2014-02-13). Schwann Cell Development and Pathology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 83 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_neuropathy_with_liability_to_pressure_palsy

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells form the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon ... In the peripheral nervous system axons are myelinated by glial cells known as Schwann cells. In the central nervous system the ... Cells called guidepost cells assist in the guidance of neuronal axon growth. These cells that help axon guidance, are typically ... Schwann cells myelinate a single axon. An oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to 50 axons. The composition of myelin is different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon

Theodor Schwann proposed in 1839 that the tissues of all organisms are composed of cells. Schwann was expanding on the proposal ... Nerve fibers are cell processes Nerve fibers are outgrowths of nerve cells. Cell division Nerve cells are generated by cell ... ISBN 978-0-7735-4571-7. C.M., Goss (1937). "Historical background of Schwann's cell theory". Yale Journal of Biology and ... Neurons are cells These individual units are cells as understood from other tissues in the body. Specialization These units may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron_doctrine

Monk KR, Feltri ML, Taveggia C (August 2015). "New insights on Schwann cell development". Glia. 63 (8): 1376-93. doi:10.1002/ ... A progenitor cell is a biological cell that can differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells and progenitor cells have ... However, stem cells are less specified than progenitor cells. Progenitor cells can only differentiate into their "target" cell ... They are valuable cells because they directly precede endothelial cells, but have characteristics of stem cells. These cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progenitor_cell

... by glial cells called Schwann cells. In the CNS, axons carry electrical signals from one nerve cell body to another. In the PNS ... or Schwann cell (PNS) process (a limb-like extension from the cell body) around the axon. Myelin reduces the capacitance of the ... Instead, they are ensheathed by non-myelinating Schwann cells known as Remak SCs and arranged in Remak bundles. In the CNS, non ... Monk KR, Feltri ML, Taveggia C (August 2015). "New insights on Schwann cell development". Glia. 63 (8): 1376-1393. doi:10.1002/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin

Davies AM (1998). "Neuronal survival: early dependence on Schwann cells". Curr. Biol. 8 (1): R15-8. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(98) ... kinase pathway is a dominant growth factor-activated cell survival pathway in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells". Cancer Res ... amplification with sensitivity to EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells". Clin. Cancer Res. ... Cell. Biol. 16 (10): 5276-87. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.10.5276. PMC 231527. PMID 8816440. Citri A, Skaria KB, Yarden Y (2003). "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERBB3

Parasympathetic ganglia derive from Schwann cell precursors". Science. 345 (6192): 87-90. doi:10.1126/science.1253286. ISSN ... "TGF-β promotes heterogeneity and drug resistance in squamous cell carcinoma". Cell. 160 (5): 963-976. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... Richardson, Douglas S.; Lichtman, Jeff W. (2015). "Clarifying Tissue Clearing". Cell. 162 (2): 246-257. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... Cell. 169 (1): 161-173.e12. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.008. ISSN 1097-4172. PMID 28340341. Spalteholz, Werner (1914). Über das ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3DISCO

A surface antigenic marker for rat Schwann cells. Nature 266, 364-366 (1977). Lemke GE, Brockes JP. Identification and ... Cell 45, 301-306 (1986) Tanaka EM, Gann AA, Gates PB, Brockes JP. Newt myotubes re-enter the cell cycle by phosphorylation of ... J. Cell Biol.136, 155-165 (1997). Morais da Silva S, Gates PB, Brockes JP. The newt ortholog of CD59 is implicated in ... Cell 3, 547-555 (2002) Kanu N, Imokawa Y, Drechsel DN, Williamson RA, Birkett CR, Bostock CJ, Brockes JP.Transfer of scrapie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Brockes

The phagocytic role of Schwann cells has been investigated by studying the expression of molecules in Schwann cells that are ... Furthermore, in situ hybridation determined that the cellular source of MCP-1 was Schwann cells. Schwann cells play an ... Schwann cells are glial cells in the peripheral nervous system that support neurons by forming myelin that encases nerves. ... The Schwann cells that form the bands of Bungner at the distal injury site express NGF receptors as a guiding factor for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_injury

Nonmyelinating Schwann cells are the neoplastic element in neurofibromas. This conglomeration of nonmyelinating Schwann cells ... These cell types include fibroblasts, perineurial cells, endothelial cells, and mast cells. The mast cells then secrete ... There are two kinds of Schwann cells, myelinating and nonmyelinating. While myelinating Schwann cells cover large diameter (>1 ... that causes mutations in other cells. Once a nonmyelinating Schwann cell has suffered inactivation of its NF1 genes, it begins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofibroma

Theodor Schwann: Discovery of properties of cells in animals. Karl Schwarzschild: astronomer, Schwarzschild metric, Deriving ... Paul Langerhans: Islets of Langerhans, Langerhans cells Max von Laue: Discoveries regarding the diffraction of X-rays in ... Collodion and Fuel cell Johann Lukas Schönlein: Professor of medicine, he discovered among other things the parasitic cause of ... which has helped explain how fuel cells produce energy without pollution, how catalytic converters clean up car exhausts and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventors_and_discoverers

Arroyo EJ, Bermingham JR, Rosenfeld MG, Scherer SS (Oct 1998). "Promyelinating Schwann cells express Tst-1/SCIP/Oct-6". The ... "The POU factor Oct-6 and Schwann cell differentiation". Science. 273 (5274): 507-10. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..507J. doi:10.1126/ ... a POU transcription factor expressed in embryonal stem cells and in the developing brain". The EMBO Journal. 9 (11): 3723-32. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POU3F1

Schwann cells are also frequently damaged, contributing to demyelination. Iron deposition is most prevalent in the inferior ... Amongst neuronal cells types, iron deposition appears to be preferential for oligodendroglial cells, which is supported by the ... Blood cells are not native to the cerebrospinal fluid, and their presence there is problematic. Once they eventually break down ... Ferritin, an iron storage protein, is over-produced in response to excess heme by glial cells in order to sequester iron, with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_siderosis

"Transforming growth factors-beta 1 and beta 2 are mitogens for rat Schwann cells". Journal of Cell Biology. 109 (6 Pt 2): 3419- ... "Ras-mediated cell cycle arrest is altered by nuclear oncogenes to induce Schwann cell transformation". The EMBO Journal. 7 (6 ... subscription required) Ridley, Anne Jacqueline (1989). Mechanisms of oncogene action and interaction in Schwann cells. london. ... Ridley, Anne J (2015). "Rho GTPase signalling in cell migration". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 36: 103-112. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Ridley

Varela-Rey, Marta (2014). "S-Adenosylmethionine Levels Regulate the Schwann Cell DNA Methylome". Neuron. 81 (5): 1024-1039. doi ... In eukaryotic cells, SAM serves as a regulator of a variety of processes including DNA, tRNA, and rRNA methylation; immune ... Cancer cell proliferation is dependent on having low levels of DNA methylation. In vitro addition has been shown to remethylate ... This was found in laboratory mice, causing harm to health, and in in vitro tests on human cells. Deficiencies in radical SAM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Adenosyl_methionine

... s are homogeneous tumors, consisting only of Schwann cells. The tumor cells always stay on the outside of the nerve, ... A schwannoma (or neurilemmoma) is a usually benign nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the ... Cellular schwannoma is nearly exclusively made up of a fascicular proliferation of well-differentiated Schwann cells that are ... They are universally S-100 positive, which is a marker for cells of neural crest cell origin. Schwannomas of the head and neck ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwannoma

The myelinating glial cells - oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous ... Complete neuron cell diagram Medullated nerve fibers stained with silver nitrate Internodal segment Schwann cell ... by the in-folding of the Schwann cell surface so that a double membrane of the opposing faces of the in-folded Schwann cell ... On the other hand, in the PNS, the basal lamina that surrounds the Schwann cells is continuous across the node. The nodes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_of_Ranvier

Schwann cells are glial cells that were originally discovered by Theodore Schwann, a co-founder of the cell theory, during the ... These cells also aid in the elimination of cellular debris, regeneration and upkeep of axons. Additionally, Schwann cells are ... type I are neurofibromas and are therefore composed of a variety of cells and elements including Schwann cells and mast cells ... Schwann cells aid in fixing axonal damage and promoting new growth. Due to their healing properties, these cells can be used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraocular_schwannoma

Demyelination also results as oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are killed. Evidence supports the theory that amyotrophic ... a long survival period for those affected cells. The degeneration led to cell shrinkage and cell death, and these symptoms were ... Loss of Betz cells is a variable effect of this disease but the loss of these cells in this disease demonstrates the "dying- ... Some cells are then phagocytosed by astrocytes and microglia. This study showed that the most cells affected by the necrosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transneuronal_degeneration

They are also known as olfactory Schwann cells, because they ensheath the non-myelinated axons of olfactory neurons in a ... November 2005). "CD46 on glial cells can function as a receptor for viral glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion". Glia. 52 (3 ... be rejected by the body and biological functions such as cell adhesion and growth will be enhanced through cell-cell and cell- ... OECs are similar to Schwann cells in that they provide an upregulation of low-affinity NGF receptor p75 following injury; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_ensheathing_cell

Schwann cells arise from the neural crest, which migrates to peripheral nerves to form either myelinating or non-myelinating ... and the belief that they interact with cell to cell and cell to extra cellular matrix. While ligands for many receptors are ... GPR126 is necessary for Schwann cell myelination. Knockouts of this adhesion GPCR in both Danio rerio and Mus musculus result ... Sep 2009). "A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination. (2009)". Science. 325 (5946): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_G_protein-coupled_receptor

... and they found that fibrin has an effect on Schwann Cell differentiation, keeping these cells in their non-myelinating state. ... They further found that fibrin deposition also changes the extracellular matrix which inhibits Schwann Cell migration, further ... Akassoglou, Katerina; Akpinar, Pinar; Murray, Simon; Strickland, Sidney (2003-03-06). "Fibrin is a regulator of Schwann cell ... "Fibrin Inhibits Peripheral Nerve Remyelination by Regulating Schwann Cell Differentiation". Neuron. 33 (6): 861-875. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina_Akassoglou

... and may play a role in lipid transport in Schwann cells. Structurally, P2 belongs to the family of cytoplasmic fatty acid- ... "Ultrastructural localization of P2 protein in actively myelinating rat Schwann cells". J. Neurochem. 43 (4): 944-8. doi:10.1111 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMP2

"Transmitter release increases intracellular calcium in perisynaptic Schwann cells in situ". Neuron. 8 (6): 1069-77. doi:10.1016 ... also called Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell) cells. Type 2: Antigenically A2B5+, GFAP+, FGFR3−, Ran 2−. These cells can develop ... Müller cells of the retina and Bergmann glia cells of the cerebellar cortex represent an exception, being present still during ... Astrocytes are a sub-type of glial cells in the central nervous system. They are also known as astrocytic glial cells. Star- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte

... is a type 1 transmembrane protein glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte membranes, where it ... Gage FH, Temple S (October 2013). "Neural stem cells: generating and regenerating the brain". Neuron. 80 (3): 588-601. doi: ... The Journal of Cell Biology. 138 (6): 1355-66. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.6.1355. PMC 2132563. PMID 9298990. Pronker MF, Lemstra S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein

The axons of myelinated nerves have a myelin sheath made up of Schwann cells that coat the axon. Classification of nerve damage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoneurolysis

"Developmental expression pattern of the myelin proteolipid MAL indicates different functions of MAL for immature Schwann cells ... The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal ... "Caveolin-1 and MAL are located on prostasomes secreted by the prostate cancer PC-3 cell line". Journal of Cell Science. 117 (Pt ... "MAL expression in lymphoid cells: further evidence for MAL as a distinct molecular marker of primary mediastinal large B-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAL_(gene)

Chernousov MA, Stahl RC, Carey DJ (1996). "Schwann cells secrete a novel collagen-like adhesive protein that binds N-syndecan ... to regulate cell cycle controlled histone H4 transcription". J. Cell. Physiol. 196 (3): 541-56. doi:10.1002/jcp.10335. PMID ... Cell. Biol. 19 (7): 4918-26. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.7.4918. PMC 84297. PMID 10373541. Rong Zeng W, Soucie E, Sung Moon N, Martin- ... Cell. Biol. 19 (7): 4918-26. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.7.4918. PMC 84297. PMID 10373541. Ottolenghi S, Mantovani R, Nicolis S, Ronchi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUTL1

... exhibit signaling molecules that are recognized by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. These highly specialized glial cells ... Myelin allows the fast propagation of electrical impulses, but glial cells are also required for axonal maintenance. This line ... For that purpose, Molecular Neurobiology is combining protein biochemical, yeast genetic, cell biological, electrophysiological ... methods protein interactions at cell membranes are studied. In the focus of the research team is the analysis of physiological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Experimental_Medicine

... as well as the place where Schwann cells meet oligodendroglia cells. Anleitung beim Studium des baues der nervösen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Obersteiner

... olfactory ensheathing cells, Schwann cells, activated macrophages, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Hundreds of stem cell ... Types of cells being researched for use in SCI include embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, ... Stem cell transplantation is an important avenue for SCI research: the goal is to replace lost spinal cord cells, allow ... A key avenue of SCI research is research on stem cells, which can differentiate into other types of cells-including those lost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury

"MiR-204 promotes apoptosis in oxidative stress-induced rat Schwann cells by suppressing neuritin expression". FEBS Lett. 588 ( ... senescence and proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells". Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 20 (3): 466-74. doi:10.1515/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRN1

Areas like DNA sequencing, genetic mapping, gene therapy, imaging protocols, proteomics, stem cell therapy, and wireless health ... Meanwhile, in Germany, Theodor Schwann led research on alcoholic fermentation by yeast, proposing that living microorganisms ... French scientist Louis Pasteur confirmed Schwann's fermentation experiments in 1857 and afterwards supported the hypothesis ... derided this claim and alleged that Schwann was regressing to vitalism. In 1847 in Vienna, Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine

... is later expressed by various cell types and structures arising from the neural crest, such as melanoblasts, Schwann cell ... Cell. 130 (2): 349-62. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.044. PMID 17662948. Ichi S, Boshnjaku V, Shen YW, Mania-Farnell B, Ahlgren S ... Cell Stem Cell. 11 (2): 231-41. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.022. PMID 22862948. Hollenbach AD, McPherson CJ, Lagutina I, ... melanocyte stem cell maintenance, and disease". review. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 627-45. doi:10.1111/j.1755- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX3

Schwann cells, and melanocytes), chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells ... For instance, their expression pattern is cell-specific, i.e. they are expressed in particular cell types. Their expression ... paraganglioma stromal cells, histiocytoma, and clear-cell sarcomas. Further, S100 proteins are markers for inflammatory ... "Differentiation of Langerhans cells from interdigitating cells using CD1a and S-100 protein antibodies". Biotechnic & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100_protein

Schwann cell tumor) Solitary angiokeratoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma Solitary mastocytoma Solitary neurofibroma (plexiform ... pale cell acanthoma) Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma of the skin) Chronic scar keratosis (chronic ... Solitary trichoepithelioma Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (spindle cell carcinoma) Spiradenoma Squamous cell carcinoma ... The epidermis contains four cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. Of these, keratinocytes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

... of advancements in the design and construction of microscopes and the emergence of a cell theory pioneered by Theodor Schwann ... motile cells equipped with whiplike organelles of locomotion, e.g., Giardia lamblia) Amoebae or Sarcodina (cells that move by ... In some protozoa, such as the ciliates and euglenozoans, the outer membrane of the cell is supported by a cytoskeletal ... List of protozoan diseases in humans: Panno, Joseph (14 May 2014). The Cell: Evolution of the First Organism. Infobase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa

Ameloblast Neuron Glia Schwann cell Satellite glial cell Chromaffin cell Glomus cell Melanocyte Nevus cell Merkel cell ... Mural cell Pneumocyte Type I cell Type II cell Club cell Goblet cell Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell Enteroendocrine cell G cell ... Hepatic stellate cell Cholecystocyte Centroacinar cell Pancreatic stellate cell alpha cell beta cell delta cell PP cell (F cell ... cell Gastric chief cell Parietal cell Foveolar cell Enteroendocrine cell Gastric inhibitory polypeptide S cell Delta cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_cell_types_derived_from_the_germ_layers

Theodor Schwann proposes that all living matter is made up of cells. The beetle subfamily Oxyporinae is discovered by Wilhelm ... Invention of the Grove fuel cell by William Grove. Development of vulcanized rubber by Charles Goodyear. Development of Babbitt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839_in_science

American cell biologist and molecular biologist who teaches at Brown University Mario J. Molina (1943-2020) - Mexican chemist, ... given the title Count by Pope Pius IX in 1869 Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) - founder of the theory of the cellular structure of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lay_Catholic_scientists

Oligodendrocytes myelinate the part of the α-MN axon that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), while Schwann cells ... In the brainstem, α-MNs and other neurons reside within clusters of cells called nuclei, some of which contain the cell bodies ... α-MN axons have large diameters and are heavily myelinated by both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. ... While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_motor_neuron

"Soluble forms of NCAM and F3 neuronal cell adhesion molecules promote Schwann cell migration: identification of protein ... tyrosine phosphatases zeta/beta as the putative F3 receptors on Schwann cells". J. Neurochem. 78 (4): 767-78. doi:10.1046/j. ... Expression of this gene is induced in gastric cancer cells, in the remyelinating oligodendrocytes of multiple sclerosis lesions ... Both the protein and transcript are overexpressed in glioblastoma cells, promoting their haptotactic migration. GRCh38: Ensembl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPRZ1

"Helix-loop-helix proteins in Schwann cells: a study of regulation and subcellular localization of Ids, REB, and E12/47 during ... Cell Stem Cell. 1 (6): 685-697. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2007.10.020. PMID 18371409. Liang Y, Diehn M, Watson N, Bollen AW, Aldape KD ... diffuse B Cell lymphomas and lymphoid cell lines due to hypermethylation. In brain tumours, more specifically oligodendroglial ... In B-Cell (B lymphocyte) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL), ID4 is overexpressed due to being located in close proximity to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID4

By studying denervation in frog skeletal muscle, it was discovered that glial cells, particularly Schwann cells, behave as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Miledi

... sartorius satellite cells scala media scala tympani scala vestibuli scalp scaphoid scaphoid fossa scapula scar Schwann cell ... furcula fusiform gyrus gag reflex galea aponeurotica gall bladder gamma motoneurons ganglion ganglion cell ganglion cell of the ... pupillary dilatation pupillary light reflex purkinje cells putamen pyloric antrum pyloric valve pylorus pyramid pyramidal cell ... eminences intercostal muscles interdigitation interhemispheric fissure intermediate horn cell intermediolateral cell column ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon (Or long dendrite), myelin sheath (if existence), their schwann cells, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_injury_classification

... causes the activation of myelin repair in Schwann cells and that the lack of PrP proteins caused demyelination in those cells. ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.044. PMC 2683788. PMID 19345193. Aguzzi A (January 2008). "Unraveling prion strains with cell ... PrP has been reported to play important roles in cell-cell adhesion and intracellular signaling in vivo, and may therefore be ... The study showed that all long-term hematopoietic stem cells express PrP on their cell membrane and that hematopoietic tissues ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion

... invading and colonizing Schwann cells. The bacterium then induces T-helper lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, and giant cell ... The suppressor T-cells that are induced are numerous, but the epithelioid and giant cells are rare or absent. With cell- ... The bacteria infect mainly macrophages and Schwann cells, and are typically found congregated as a palisade. Mycobacterium ... December 2019). Boyle JP (ed.). "Intracellular Mycobacterium leprae Utilizes Host Glucose as a Carbon Source in Schwann Cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_leprae

March 2006). "Large-scale molecular comparison of human schwann cells to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell lines and ... Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. Stem cells can ... 2005). "Somatic stem cell marker prominin-1/CD133 is expressed in embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors". Stem Cells. 23 (6 ... Hirao A, Arai F, Suda T (December 2004). "Regulation of cell cycle in hematopoietic stem cells by the niche". Cell Cycle. 3 (12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker

It is a critical autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts. It is ligand for ... It was found that the cell source of amphiregulin is innate lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2) which are dependent on interleukin 33. ILC2 ... Wolfgang CD, Essand M, Lee B, Pastan I (November 2001). "T-cell receptor gamma chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) ... Culouscou JM, Remacle-Bonnet M, Carlton GW, Plowman GD, Shoyab M (1993). "Colorectum cell-derived growth factor (CRDGF) is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiregulin

Terminal Schwann cells overlying the neuromuscular junction sprout elaborate processes upon muscle denervation. We show here ... Schwann cell processes guide regeneration of peripheral axons Neuron. 1995 Jan;14(1):125-32. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90246-5 ... We also show that Schwann cells in the nerve provide similar guidance. Axons extend from the cut end of a nerve in association ... Terminal Schwann cells overlying the neuromuscular junction sprout elaborate processes upon muscle denervation. We show here ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7826630/

University of Connecticut details a method of characterizing every cell in the cornea using an approach known as single-cell ... Mohan says this method already has uncovered unique genes that are not expressed in Schwann cells of other tissues, which may ... Therefore, the non-myelinating corneal Schwann cells, aptly called so because they do not produce myelin, are adapted to ... details a method of characterizing every cell in the cornea using an approach known as single-cell RNA sequence analysis to ...

https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/unique-schwann-cells-eyes-have-it

SH-SY5Y cells), (2) control the inter-compartment cell migration of neuron and Schwann cells, (3) perform long-term cell ... able to selectively analyze and/or probe specific cells and cell portions (e.g., axons and cell bodies in neurons), driving ... where tuning and investigating cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions are essential. ... culture studies in which both SH-SY5Y cells and primary rat Schwann cells can be differentiated towards specific phenotypes. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86300-4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a14eaf55-8a0b-4bfa-a14d-b4e18dd5c7f8

... the nerve and Schwann cell together.". The researchers manipulated the function of these nociceptive Schwann cells in mice ... Special Schwann Cells in Mice Play Unsung Role in Pain. The glia seem to make up part of a newly described sensory organ, the ... Correction (August 19): We replaced the original image, which did not accurately depict a Schwann cell. The Scientist regrets ... The researchers plan to study nociceptive Schwann cells further to determine how they respond to pain, mechanistically, and how ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/special-schwann-cells-in-mice-play-unsung-role-in-pain-66289

2007) in The biology of Schwann cells, The biology of perisynaptic (terminal) Schwann cells, ed Armati P (Cambridge UP, New ... 1995) Schwann cell processes guide regeneration of peripheral axons. Neuron 14:125-132, doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90246-5, pmid: ... 1992) Terminal Schwann cells elaborate extensive processes following denervation of the motor endplate. J Neurocytol 21:50-66, ... 2013) Terminal Schwann cells participate in the competition underlying neuromuscular synapse elimination. J Neurosci 33:17724- ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/18/6323?ijkey=609a4b575f1bcc72306efde53754bd3dbb6639c5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

However the consequences of frataxin depletion have not been measured in dorsal root ganglia or Schwann cells. We knocked down ... and multiple Schwann cell lines and measured cell death and proliferation. Only Schwann cells demonstrated a significant ... D, frataxin depletion causes proliferation inhibition in Schwann cells, HOG cells and NT2 cells, but not in PC12 and two DRG ... D, frataxin depletion causes proliferation inhibition in Schwann cells, HOG cells and NT2 cells, but not in PC12 and two DRG ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679182

... the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival ... The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), ... the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells ... Comparative proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from endothelial cells and Schwann cells. Wang L, Lu X, Chopp M, Li C, Zhang ... Proteomics and transcriptomics of peripheral nerve tissue and cells unravel new aspects of the human Schwann cell repair ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36493976/

Nerve fibroblast impact on Schwann cell behavior. Nerve fibroblast impact on Schwann cell behavior ... we began to analyze the impact of sciatic nerve fibroblasts on Schwann cells in vitro. Both cell types are considered to have ... We show for the first time that nerve fibroblasts play antagonistic and agonistic roles for Schwann cells in a context- ... Few data are available on how repulsive nerve fibroblasts affect neuritotrophic Schwann cells and thus might indirectly ...

https://www.nmi.de/en/biomedical-technology/publications/detail/nerve-fibroblast-impact-on-schwann-cell-behavior/

This article will help you decide which primary Schwann cell line is best for your needs. ... Have you been itching to branch into working with Schwann cells for your next experiment, but arent quite sure where to begin ... I have worked extensively with primary Schwann cells during my PhD and want to cover some of the basics of primary Schwann cell ... I have personally worked with what are probably the three most commonly used types of primary Schwann cells: rat Schwann cells ...

https://bitesizebio.com/46518/the-culture-of-primary-schwann-cells/

... induced SY5Y-TR-NTRK1 cells without Schwann cells (red curve), and uninduced SY5Y-TR-NTRK1 cells with Schwann cells (blue curve ... NTRK1-positive neuroblastoma cells mediate proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by secreting NRG1. Schwann cells were ... Schwann cells secrete NGF and promote differentiation of NTRK1-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Schwann cells were previously ... In addition, the absolute number of Schwann cells or the ratio of Schwann cells to tumor cells set in the initial subcutaneous ...

https://www.oncotarget.com/article/2611/text/

C) The Schwann cell then internalizes myelin fragments, possibly by the fusion of the outer "lips" of the Schwann cell plasma ... C) The Schwann cell then internalizes myelin fragments, possibly by the fusion of the outer "lips" of the Schwann cell plasma ... Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate progression of the inner (axon-related) Schwann cell process during myelination ... Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate progression of the inner (axon-related) Schwann cell process during myelination ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/210/1/9/38074/Myelinophagy-Schwann-cells-dine-inMyelinophagy

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive, Schwann cell-derived neoplasms. Genomics Proteomics and ... Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive, Schwann cell-derived neoplasms of the peripheral nervous ... MPNST cell lines exhibited suppression of CXCL12 related to Capital t265-2c cells. These results suggest that BH3 mimetics ... BH3 mimetics reduced cell viability in all MPNST cell lines tested (Number ?(Number4,4, Supplementary Number 1/2/3) while DFO ...

http://www.bioinf.org/2018/02/25/malignant-peripheral-nerve-sheath-tumors-mpnsts-are-aggressive-schwann-cell-derived-neoplasms/

In the peripheral nervous system myelination is carried out by Schwann cells (SCs). Here, we show that prolonged inhibition of ... PI4KA controls the levels of key lipids important for myelination in Schwann cells independently from the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2017/posters/pi4ka-controls-levels-key-lipids-important-myelination-schwann-cells

Merosin promotes neurite growth and Schwann cell migration in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo: evidence using an antibody ... axon growth and Schwann cell migration. Furthermore, the regulation of both Schwann cell migration and axon growth by the ARM-1 ... Merosin promotes neurite growth and Schwann cell migration in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo: evidence using an antibody ... To identify the biological functions of merosin in the peripheral nervous system, we studied Schwann cell migration and neurite ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub640500

... in Schwann cells (SCs) after injury facilitates them to undergo de- and redifferentiation processes necessary to support ... Schwann cells (SCs) are resident cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that are typically the first cell type to respond ... HDAC3 regulates the transition to the homeostatic myelinating Schwann cell state. Cell Rep. 2018;25:2755-2765 e2755. ... FGF9 induces functional differentiation to Schwann cells from human adipose derived stem cells. Theranostics. 2020;10:2817-31. ...

https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-021-02273-1

The GMF-like molecule in Schwannoma cells showed properties similar to those in Schwann cells, but for unknown reasons was not ... The GMF-like molecule in Schwannoma cells showed properties similar to those in Schwann cells, but for unknown reasons was not ... The GMF-like molecule in Schwannoma cells showed properties similar to those in Schwann cells, but for unknown reasons was not ... The GMF-like molecule in Schwannoma cells showed properties similar to those in Schwann cells, but for unknown reasons was not ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/endogenous-immunoreactive-glia-maturation-factor-like-molecule-in

Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are frequently regarded as neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) found in contact with axons during ... cell types. Until now no reports of endoderm-like derivatives were reported so far. Interestingly, in the Schwann cell lineage ... and chromaffin cells) and non-neural-like (mesenchymal stromal cells, able e.g., to generate dentine-producing odontoblasts) ... Nevertheless, cells with SCPs properties can be found up to the adulthood. They are well characterized with regard to both gene ...

https://riu.austral.edu.ar/handle/123456789/867

Exosomes derived from endothelial cells and Schwann cells have been employed as novel treatments of neurological diseases, ... Comparative proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from endothelial cells and Schwann cell ... Comparative proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from endothelial cells and Schwann cells. ... and healthy mouse Schwann cells (SC-Exo). We detected 1,817and 1,579 proteins in EC-Exo and SC-Exo, respectively. Among them, ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/mdl-37594969

Repair with Schwann cells. Given their documented regenerative effect in peripheral nerve repair, Schwann cells were identified ... repair cauda equina ventral roots in a novel injury model using Schwann cells and 2) establish the ideal Schwann cell phenotype ... Schwann cell repair of cauda equina ventral roots MacKenzie, Samuel John Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United ... Schwann cell repair of cauda equina ventral roots. MacKenzie, Samuel John / Upstate Medical University. $14,696. ...

https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/F31-NS073406-01A1

09:36 Schwann cell trial results. Dawn Keefer Updates March 14, 2018 , 3 ... Interesting…. my brain tumor is called a vestibular schwannoma because it originated in the Schwann cells on the 18th cranial ... Please continue to pray for health for him, and for more progress in the science of Schwann cells. ... to take a minute to let you know that there was an article on Facebook about the completion and success of the Schwann cell ...

http://www.briankeefer.org/3-14-2018-0936-schwann-cell-trial-results/

Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2023 Elsevier B.V We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Log in to Pure. ...

https://ohsu.elsevierpure.com/en/projects/role-of-snf5-in-schwann-cell-tumorigenensis

Dive into the research topics of A systematic evaluation of Schwann cell injection into acellular cold-preserved nerve grafts ... A systematic evaluation of Schwann cell injection into acellular cold-preserved nerve grafts. ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/a-systematic-evaluation-of-schwann-cell-injection-into-acellular-/fingerprints/

... and transplant of cultured cells will also be reviewed. ... Cograft of neural stem cells and schwann cells overexpressing ... Combination of activated Schwann cells with bone mesenchymal stem cells: The best cell strategy for repair after spinal cord ... bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), and Schwann cells (SCs). ... The effects of co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells on local inflammation environment in the ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69376

... including nerve cells and specialized cells surrounding nerves (oligodendrocytes. and Schwann cells). Neurofibromin acts as a ... People with this condition are born with one mutated copy of the NF1 gene in each cell. In about half of cases, the altered ... Mutations in the NF1 gene lead to the production of a nonfunctional version of neurofibromin that cannot regulate cell growth ... Unlike most other autosomal dominant conditions, in which one altered copy of a gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/neurofibromatosis-type-1/

... ... we compared the transcriptional profile of cultured OECs with that of Schwann cells (SCs) and astrocytes (ACs), two glial cell ... The three glial cell types had similarly increased or decreased expression of numerous transcripts compared with the reference ... Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) accompany the axons of olfactory receptor neurons, which regenerate throughout life, from ...

https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/journal_contribution/Genetic_expression_profile_of_olfactory_ensheathing_cells_is_distinct_from_that_of_Schwann_cells_and_astrocytes/22848950

R and cellular response involving each the broken neurons and supporting Schwann cells (SCs). Distal to the lesion, axons ... R and cellular response involving each the broken neurons and supporting Schwann cells (SCs). Distal to the lesion, axons ... uncategorized , R and cellular response involving each the broken neurons and supporting Schwann cells (SCs). Distal ... R and cellular response involving each the broken neurons and supporting Schwann cells (SCs). Distal ...

https://glucagon-receptor.com/2023/01/31/9010/

... malignant plasma cell tumor in a mouse brain; Schwann cell proliferative lesions in rat hearts; axillary schwannoma in a cat; ... pulmonary mucous cell proliferation in rats, granular cell lesions in the female genital tract of rats, and nodular hyperplasia ... Topics included a caudal tail vertebra duplication in mice, nephroblastematosis in rats, ectopic C cell tumor in a hamster, ... granular cell aggregates/tumor in the uterus of a hamster, Pneumocystis carinii in the lung of a rat, iatrogenic chronic ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/visual-guides/dtt-training/symposia/index.cfm

Schwann cells show vacuolization and degeneration with no detectable mitochondria. Axons and Schwann cells both show ... Mast cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in prurigo nodularis. Arch Dermatol. 1993 Jul. 129(7):861-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Merkel cells and prurigo nodularis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jul. 31(1):86-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... IL-31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Feb. 117(2):411-7. [ ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1088032-102075/which-lab-studies-are-performed-in-the-workup-of-prurigo-nodularis

6-fold higher in proliferating versus growth-arrested Schwann cells, and Kif4a knockdown impairing Schwann cells proliferation ... A role for Kif4a in cultured Schwann cells proliferation was confirmed, with Kif4a mRNA expression being {approx} ... Interestingly, Kif4a is also highly up-regulated in Schwann cells transdifferentiating into a proliferative repair phenotype at ... is highly abundant in axons and Schwann cells of adult rat CNS and rat and human PNS. Moreover, Kif4a is up-regulated in ...

https://readpaper.com/paper/4758919315969818625

The transplantation of autologous Schwann cells (SCs) to correct the injured. The transplantation of autologous Schwann cells ( ...

http://www.ecologicalsgardens.com/the-transplantation-of-autologous-schwann-cells-scs-to-correct-the-injured/

We showed that an accurate choice of the device geometrical features and cell culture parameters allows to (1) maximize cell adhesion and proliferation of neuron-like human cells (SH-SY5Y cells), (2) control the inter-compartment cell migration of neuron and Schwann cells, (3) perform long-term cell culture studies in which both SH-SY5Y cells and primary rat Schwann cells can be differentiated towards specific phenotypes. (nature.com)
We knocked down frataxin in several neural cell lines, including two dorsal root ganglia neural lines, 2 neuronal lines, a human oligodendroglial line (HOG) and multiple Schwann cell lines and measured cell death and proliferation. (nih.gov)
In addition to the death of Schwann cells, frataxin decreased proliferation in Schwann, oligodendroglia, and slightly in one neural cell line. (nih.gov)
In the presence of collagen type IV and heparan sulfate proteoglycan but not of laminin, diffusible fibroblast factors slow down Schwann cell proliferation. (nmi.de)
As long as you don't have a major impairment in the proliferation of Schwann cells, you can derive these cells directly from your genetically modified mice. (bitesizebio.com)
Protein analysis in genetically modified Schwann cells, assessing the effects of drugs on viability, proliferation, or protein/mRNA expression. (bitesizebio.com)
Due to the low proliferation of the Schwann cells, fibroblasts in the culture can be a real problem if you want to keep them for longer than 24h. (bitesizebio.com)
Studying the effect of a genetic modification on Schwann cell properties such as process extension, proliferation, and survival. (bitesizebio.com)
Media conditioned by NTRK1-expressing neuroblastoma cells induced SC proliferation and migration, while antibody-based NRG1 neutralization significantly decreased these effects. (oncotarget.com)
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive, Schwann cell-derived neoplasms of the peripheral nervous system that have recently been shown to possess an autocrine CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling loop that promotes tumor cell proliferation and survival. (bioinf.org)
A role for Kif4a in cultured Schwann cells proliferation was confirmed, with Kif4a mRNA expression being {approx}6-fold higher in proliferating versus growth-arrested Schwann cells, and Kif4a knockdown impairing Schwann cells proliferation. (readpaper.com)
To our knowledge, this is the first description of KIF4A expression in adult nervous systems, up-regulation in neuroregeneration and pro-neuroregenerative roles, including promoting Schwann cells proliferation. (readpaper.com)
However, we found that oxidative injury was relieved after the transfection of shCox4i2 in HHV7-treated SCs by evaluating cell death, cell proliferation, and the ROS level as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). (figshare.com)

The development of appropriate in vitro approaches and tools, able to selectively analyze and/or probe specific cells and cell portions (e.g., axons and cell bodies in neurons), driving their differentiation into specific cell phenotypes, has become therefore crucial in this direction. (nature.com)
The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system are neurons and glial cells, present in approximately equal number and interconnected via complex circuitries. (nature.com)
Neurons are electrically excitable cells that can communicate with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. (nature.com)
The longer the cells remain active, the more surrounding neurons begin to fire, according to The Guardian . (the-scientist.com)
Thus the most severe effects of frataxin deficiency were on Schwann cells, which enwrap dorsal root ganglia neurons. (nih.gov)
Unfortunately, I have yet to find a protocol that enables these cells to form myelin in co-cultures with neurons . (bitesizebio.com)
In addition, SCPs are now known to be a source of many neural (glia, endoneural fibroblasts, melanocytes, visceral neurons, and chromaffin cells) and non-neural-like (mesenchymal stromal cells, able e.g., to generate dentine-producing odontoblasts) cell types. (austral.edu.ar)
As a precursor to the functional outcomes measured in vivo, a series of in vitro experiments will measure growth factor expression by way of multiplex protein capture and delineate the regenerative potency of each cell group through co-culture with motor or sensory neurons. (grantome.com)
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) accompany the axons of olfactory receptor neurons, which regenerate throughout life, from the olfactory mucosa into the olfactory bulb. (edu.au)
R and cellular response involving each the broken neurons and supporting Schwann cells (SCs). (glucagon-receptor.com)
PDF] Unexpected Kif4a functions in adult regeneration encompass a dual role in neurons and in proliferative repair Schwann cells. (readpaper.com)
Typically, but not always, axons conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body, causing at their terminal end the release of neurotransmitters into extracellular space, where they can excite or inhibit other neurons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In some sensory neurons, the nerve impulses travel along an axon from the periphery to the cell body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Dendrites are branched (not arm-like) projections that typically receive signals from other neurons and transmit the signals toward the cell body, normally using short-distance graded potentials rather than the action potentials (nerve impulses) of axons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Neurons can process and transmit information from both internal and external environments, communicating this information via chemical or electronic impulse across a synapse (the junction between cells) and utilizing the action potential-an electrical signal that is generated by means of the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Axons are the second of the two types of protoplasmic protrusions extending from the cell bodies of neurons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Therefore, the non-myelinating corneal Schwann cells, aptly called so because they do not produce myelin, are adapted to maintain corneal transparency, optimizing the focus of light on the retina, a crucial element of our vision. (nih.gov)
Glial cells, also known as the "sleeping giant" of neuroscience, are non-neuronal cells involved in different neuronal activities (i.e. maintenance of homeostasis, myelin formation, supplying nutrients and oxygen and defense from pathogens) 1 . (nature.com)
We have had good success with desert hedgehog-Cre but only moderate recombination efficiency in the cells when using myelin protein zero-Cre. (bitesizebio.com)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201503019 ) find that clearance of the damaged myelin within Schwann cells occurs not by phagocytosis but rather via selective autophagy, in a process they term "myelinophagy. (rupress.org)
These fragmented pieces of damaged myelin were thought to be cleared away by phagocytosis both by Schwann cells and by invading macrophages. (rupress.org)
now show that macroautophagy is essential for myelin breakdown and clearance in Schwann cells after nerve injury. (rupress.org)
show that in response to nerve injury, autophagy is responsible for clearing away damaged myelin within Schwann cells, a process that they term "myelinophagy. (rupress.org)
Schwann cells and myelin. (nih.gov)

In order to reveal non-neuronal cell interactions after peripheral nerve lesions, we began to analyze the impact of sciatic nerve fibroblasts on Schwann cells in vitro. (nmi.de)
Given their documented regenerative effect in peripheral nerve repair, Schwann cells were identified as ideal candidates for intervention following ventral root injury. (grantome.com)
TMPRSS5 is most highly expressed in Schwann cells of peripheral nerve. (nih.gov)

Few data are available on how repulsive nerve fibroblasts affect neuritotrophic Schwann cells and thus might indirectly influence axonal regrowth. (nmi.de)
Using different culture systems in conjunction with time-lapse video recording, metabolic labeling, pharmacological intervention, RNAi knockdown, Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis, we found that nerve fibroblasts differentially modify the various responses of Schwann cells. (nmi.de)
We show for the first time that nerve fibroblasts play antagonistic and agonistic roles for Schwann cells in a context-dependent manner. (nmi.de)
Cytokine sources included Schwann cells, fibroblasts and phagocytic macrophages (ED1-immunopositive). (cdc.gov)

Axons extend from the cut end of a nerve in association with Schwann cell processes and appear to navigate along them. (nih.gov)
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are frequently regarded as neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) found in contact with axons during nerve formation. (austral.edu.ar)
We here show that Kinesin family motor protein 4a (KIF4A), associated to neurodevelopmental disorders and thought for long to be only embryonically expressed, is highly abundant in axons and Schwann cells of adult rat CNS and rat and human PNS. (readpaper.com)
Axons have most of the same organelles as the dendrites and the cell body, but lack Golgi apparatus and Nissl bodies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

However the consequences of frataxin depletion have not been measured in dorsal root ganglia or Schwann cells. (nih.gov)
I have personally worked with what are probably the three most commonly used types of primary Schwann cells: rat Schwann cells derived from neonatal sciatic nerves, mouse Schwann cells derived from embryonic dorsal root ganglia, and mouse Schwann cells derived from early postnatal sciatic nerves. (bitesizebio.com)

Almost everyone who is born with one NF1 mutation acquires a second mutation in many cells and develops the tumors characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
These tumors arise from Schwann cells. (nih.gov)

These results can lead to a plethora of in vitro co-culture studies in the neuroscience research field, where tuning and investigating cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions are essential. (nature.com)
Merosin promotes neurite growth and Schwann cell migration in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo: evidence using an antibody to merosin, ARM-1. (duke.edu)
To identify the biological functions of merosin in the peripheral nervous system, we studied Schwann cell migration and neurite outgrowth in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo, in the presence and the absence of a monoclonal antibody that we believe binds to merosin, ARM-1 (Anti Rodent Merosin-1). (duke.edu)
The ARM-1 antibody blocked both neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration in vitro. (duke.edu)

Frataxin knockdown in Schwann cells also specifically induced inflammatory arachidonate metabolites. (nih.gov)
Our research illustrated that the knockdown of Cox4i2 suppresses HHV7-induced RSC96 cell ferroptosis as well as apoptosis via the ERK signalling pathway. (figshare.com)

abstract = "Using the monoclonal antibody G2-09 raised against bovine glia maturation factor (GMF), we demonstrated that cultured rat Schwann cells and Schwannoma cells, but not their conditioned media, possessed endogenous GMF-like immunoreactivity. (elsevier.com)

In the peripheral nervous system myelination is carried out by Schwann cells (SCs). (nih.gov)

Both cell types are considered to have opposite effects on axonal regeneration. (nmi.de)
Axonal regeneration across Schwann cell-Seeded collagen foam. (grantome.com)

Microarray of frataxin-deficient Schwann cells demonstrated strong activations of inflammatory and cell death genes including interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor which were confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. (nih.gov)
Number4,4, Supplementary Number 1/2/3) while DFO resulted in a less powerful and reproducible effect (Supplementary Number 11/12/13) Because CXCL12 is known to stimulate autocrine cell cycle progression via induction of cyclin M1, we evaluated cyclin M1 protein levels following AT101 or ABT treatment and observed an AT101- but not ABT-dependent reduction in cyclin M1 (Supplementary Number 14). (bioinf.org)
Interestingly, the RNA which is transferred has been shown to have an effect on protein production in the recipient cell and as such signifies a newly identified technique of horizontal gene transfer [12, 13]. (glucagon-receptor.com)

Interestingly, in the Schwann cell lineage only early SCPs are likely able to differentiate into melanocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. (austral.edu.ar)
Interestingly, Kif4a is also highly up-regulated in Schwann cells transdifferentiating into a proliferative repair phenotype at the injured distal nerve stumps. (readpaper.com)

Schwann cell precursors in health and disease. (austral.edu.ar)
They then directed the stem cells to develop into precursors of either hair cells or Schwann cells. (nih.gov)
SARS-CoV-2 infected the hair cell precursors and, to a lesser extent, the Schwann cell ones. (nih.gov)

The blockade of neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration by ARM-1 antibody suggests that merosin is involved in facilitating the two most critical cellular events during the normal development and regeneration of peripheral nerves, i.e., axon growth and Schwann cell migration. (duke.edu)
Furthermore, the regulation of both Schwann cell migration and axon growth by the ARM-1 antigen implies that these two cellular events obey a common set of molecular signals during the development and regeneration of peripheral nerves. (duke.edu)

Improved functional outcome is the primary outcome measure of interest, though this study compares treatment with Schwann cells harvested from different sites, as we hypothesize that those harvested from ventral roots (predominantly motor phenotype) will show superior regenerative effect compared to those harvested from dorsal roots (predominantly sensory phenotype) or sciatic nerves (mixed phenotypes). (grantome.com)
This research aims to 1) repair cauda equina ventral roots in a novel injury model using Schwann cells and 2) establish the ideal Schwann cell phenotype for doing so. (grantome.com)

Terminal Schwann cells overlying the neuromuscular junction sprout elaborate processes upon muscle denervation. (nih.gov)
Neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases (including the shared mechanisms of nerve cell death that contribute to many diseases), Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID), NINDS tissue/cell resources, basic invertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ). (nih.gov)

A mutation in the second copy of the NF1 gene occurs during a person's lifetime in specialized cells surrounding nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
Papillary dermal nerves and Merkel cells are sensory structures found in the dermis and the epidermis, respectively. (medscape.com)
The tumor comes from an overproduction of Schwann cells-the cells that normally wrap around nerve fibers like onion skin to help support and insulate nerves. (nih.gov)

CXCL12 is definitely a chemotactic cytokine and is definitely rapidly secreted, making it hard to measure levels of intracellular CXCL12 in cell components. (bioinf.org)
Interleukin 31, a T-cell-derived cytokine that causes severe pruritus and dermatitis in transgenic mice, is elevated in individuals with prurigo nodularis. (medscape.com)

Mohan says this method already has uncovered unique genes that are not expressed in Schwann cells of other tissues, which may eventually solve the mystery of how corneal Schwann cells function without interfering with light transmission. (nih.gov)
A typical neuron consists of a cell body called soma, dendrites that typically branch profusely and a single axon that reaches different tissues and targets with specific chemical and physical features. (nature.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
They differ in origin regarding their anatomic location: even though most of them are derived from migratory NCCs, there is also contribution of the boundary cap neural crest cells (bNCCs) to the skin and other tissues. (austral.edu.ar)
These are 3D tissues generated from stem cells. (nih.gov)

Chronic inflammation is a second mechanism that generates acid radicals and thereby causes random mutations in replicating cells. (medscape.com)

The device allows cell migration across the compartments and their differentiation. (nature.com)
RESULTS AT101 suppresses CXCL12 appearance Because an active CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway offers been demonstrated to mediate tumor cell expansion, survival and migration in several tumor types including MPNSTs [6, ML 786 dihydrochloride 11, 12] and BH3 mimetics have been shown to modulate CXCL12 transcription [28, 33], we wanted to assess CXCL12 mRNA levels in Capital t265-2c cells treated with AT101 (5M for 24h) by quantitative actual time PCR. (bioinf.org)

With the goal of understanding the molecular basis of neuron-Schwann cell interactions during development and regeneration, we have sought antibodies that interfere with the function of merosin, the predominant laminin isoform present in the Schwann cell basement membrane. (duke.edu)
Using mRNA-sequencing analysis, we found that the expression of Complex IV Subunit 4 Isoform 2 (Cox4i2) increased in infected Schwann cells (SCs). (figshare.com)

In Protocols for Neural Cell Culture: Fourth Edition. (bitesizebio.com)
Notable changes in papules and nodules are increased in certain inflammatory cell types, inflammatory products, and neural hyperplasia. (medscape.com)

Schwann cells (SCs) at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) play active roles in synaptic homeostasis and repair. (jneurosci.org)

The transplantation of autologous Schwann cells (SCs) to correct the injured spinal cord is currently being evaluated in a clinical trial. (ecologicalsgardens.com)

If borne out by subsequent studies, this paper will be a paradigm shift showing that pain-sensitive nerve cell terminals are not in fact always directly driven by a painful stimulus but instead can be driven by associated [Schwann] cells," says Peter McNaughton, an expert in sensory physiology and pharmacology at King's College London, to The Guardian . (the-scientist.com)

Only Schwann cells demonstrated a significant decrease in viability. (nih.gov)

Reanalysis of microarray data from human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with either NTRK1 or NTRK2 revealed upregulation of the mRNA for the SC growth factor, NRG1, in NTRK1-positive cells. (oncotarget.com)

Each and every subclass are formed by various cellular pathways but nonetheless transfer substances to distant cells, and it has not but been probable to definitively separate the a variety of vesicles from each other [15]. (glucagon-receptor.com)

Also, there may be inherent differences between Schwann cells of mice and rat (or human for that matter), so keep that in mind if you do the rest of your project with a different model. (bitesizebio.com)
It is hypothesized that such differences will inform Schwann cell harvesting practices in the future, ideally through modality-like expansion of cells taken from tissue at the injury site proper. (grantome.com)

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, solicits research grant (R01) applications from organizations that propose to study the effects of alcohol on glial cells, glial gene expression, neuroimmune and proinflammatory signaling, glial survival and the consequences of these effects on glial-neuronal communication, neuronal gene expression, activity and survival and on behavioral effects of alcohol. (nih.gov)

A neuron or nerve cell is a highly specialized, electrically excitable cell in the nervous system that conducts nerve impulses between different parts of the body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

It is a two-cell receptor organ: the nerve and Schwann cell together. (the-scientist.com)
In neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor of childhood, excellent prognosis is associated with extensive Schwann cell (SC) content and high-level expression of the neurotrophin receptor, NTRK1/TrkA, which is known to mediate neuroblastoma cell differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
SC-conditioned medium activated the NTRK1 receptor in a neuroblastoma cell culture model conditionally expressing NTRK1 and induced differentiation markers in NTRK1-expressing cells. (oncotarget.com)

There is a wide range of different protocols out there detailing how to obtain primary Schwann cells. (bitesizebio.com)

Unlike most other autosomal dominant conditions, in which one altered copy of a gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder, two copies of the NF1 gene must be altered to trigger tumor formation in neurofibromatosis type 1. (medlineplus.gov)

The presence of GMF in cultured rat Schwann cells suggests that the factor may play a role in the peripheral nervous system. (elsevier.com)

Papillomaviruses, as well as human herpes and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV), polyomaviruses, and retroviruses, cause cancer in a direct way: by inserting their genes into the DNA of human cells. (medscape.com)

So, let's have a look at the pros and cons of these three types of primary Schwann cells, so you can decide which one is the right type for your needs. (bitesizebio.com)
In this study, we compared the transcriptional profile of cultured OECs with that of Schwann cells (SCs) and astrocytes (ACs), two glial cell types to which OECs have similarities. (edu.au)
The three glial cell types had similarly increased or decreased expression of numerous transcripts compared with the reference. (edu.au)
An axon is one of two types of processes that extend from a neuron cell body, the other being dendrites . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Dendrites are one of the two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The researchers found these proteins on two types of inner ear cells-hair cells and Schwann cells. (nih.gov)
SARS-CoV-2 could infect both of these cell types in the lab. (nih.gov)
They mimic not only the types of cells in the inner ear, but also their spatial organization and function. (nih.gov)

my brain tumor is called a vestibular schwannoma because it originated in the Schwann cells on the 18th cranial nerve within the ear. (briankeefer.org)

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 requires certain proteins on the host cell surface. (nih.gov)
Like the human inner ear samples, these cells had the proteins needed for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nih.gov)
Hair cell- and Schwann cell-like cells in these organoids had the proteins needed for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nih.gov)

Neurofibromin acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it keeps cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. (medlineplus.gov)

Epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) in Schwann cells (SCs) after injury facilitates them to undergo de- and redifferentiation processes necessary to support various stages of nerve repair. (biomedcentral.com)

You rarely find transgenic rats, so in most cases you have to do genetic modifications with siRNAs or a similar method for these cells. (bitesizebio.com)

Autophagy was initially described as a nonselective process that occurs in response to starvation or during cell differentiation, but it is now clear that there are tightly regulated and highly selective subtypes that require cargo recognition by the autophagy machinery. (rupress.org)

A single method to overcome these limitations is usually to impregnate the conduits with SCs or stem cells, each of which have shown capability to increase axon regeneration [4]. (glucagon-receptor.com)
Stem Cell Study Therapy (2018) 9:Web page two ofpro-regenerative growth things and cytokines. (glucagon-receptor.com)
They took cells from human skin that were reprogrammed to become stem cells. (nih.gov)

Eur J Cell Biol. (nmi.de)
J Cell Biol (2015) 210 (1): 9-10. (rupress.org)

The latter provide electrical insulation for nerve cells. (nih.gov)

It is definitely important to notice that the BH3 mimetics tested showed conserved effects in U251 founded human being glioblastoma cells (Supplementary Number 9). (bioinf.org)

Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic drugs significantly rescued frataxin-dependent Schwann cell toxicity. (nih.gov)

Our findings show that AT101 suppresses both CXCL12 appearance and secretion in Capital t265-2c MPNST cells. (bioinf.org)

The researchers manipulated the function of these nociceptive Schwann cells in mice using optogenetics. (the-scientist.com)
Number 1 AT101 down-regulates CXCL12 in MPNST cells AT101-caused suppression of CXCL12 is definitely a function of ML 786 dihydrochloride its BH3 mimetic house Because AT101 offers both BH3 mimetic and hypoxia mimetic effects [4], we wanted to address which mechanism, if either, was responsible for the observed suppression of CXCL12 appearance. (bioinf.org)
These results suggest that BH3 mimetics possess a conserved function of CXCL12 suppression in MPNST cells. (bioinf.org)
Exosomal cargo plays a critical role in mediating recipient cell function. (bvsalud.org)

The virus was able to infect the hair cell-like cells in the organoids. (nih.gov)

A mesh-like network of cells within mice's skin plays a previously unknown role in pain perception, researchers reported today (August 16) in Science . (the-scientist.com)
The researchers plan to study nociceptive Schwann cells further to determine how they respond to pain, mechanistically, and how they contribute to animal models of chronic pain. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 can infect inner ear cells. (nih.gov)

Anatomy22

Organisms6

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Confocal calcium imaging reveals an ionotropic P2 nucleotide receptor in the paranodal membrane of rat Schwann cells. (1/1583)

Transport of Trembler-J mutant peripheral myelin protein 22 is blocked in the intermediate compartment and affects the transport of the wild-type protein by direct interaction. (2/1583)

A role for insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of Schwann cell survival. (3/1583)

A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting clone of the Schwann cell line SCTM41 enhances survival and fiber outgrowth from embryonic nigral neurons grafted to the striatum and to the lesioned substantia nigra. (4/1583)

Krox-20 controls SCIP expression, cell cycle exit and susceptibility to apoptosis in developing myelinating Schwann cells. (5/1583)

Characterization of the transmembrane molecular architecture of the dystroglycan complex in schwann cells. (6/1583)

Neural cell surface differentiation antigen gp130(RB13-6) induces fibroblasts and glioma cells to express astroglial proteins and invasive properties. (7/1583)

Schwann cell hyperplasia and tumors in transgenic mice expressing a naturally occurring mutant NF2 protein. (8/1583)

Schwann Cells

Sciatic Nerve

Myelin Sheath

Peripheral Nerves

Axons

Nerve Regeneration

Early Growth Response Protein 2

Myelin P0 Protein

Wallerian Degeneration

Neurofibroma

Octamer Transcription Factor-6

Neuregulin-1

Ganglia, Spinal

Myelin Proteins

Peripheral Nervous System

Ranvier's Nodes

Neurilemmoma

Neuregulins

Sciatic Neuropathy

Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

Cells, Cultured

Nerve Crush

Glia Maturation Factor

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Demyelinating Diseases

Neurofibromin 1

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

S100 Proteins

Microscopy, Electron

Myelin Basic Protein

Animals, Newborn

Mice, Neurologic Mutants

Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1

Laminin

Neurilemma

Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor

Spinal Nerve Roots

Neuroglia

SOXE Transcription Factors

Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor

Sural Nerve

Neurofibromatosis 1

Coculture Techniques

Nerve Growth Factors

Axotomy

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Neurofibromin 2

Oligodendroglia

Nerve Tissue

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Cell Differentiation

Immunohistochemistry

Cell Communication

Neurons

Nerve Sheath Neoplasms

Mycobacterium leprae

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Neural Crest

Nerve Fibers

Neurofilament Proteins

GAP-43 Protein

Mice, Transgenic

Cell Division

Cell Transplantation

Femoral Nerve

Spinal Cord

Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein

Sulfoglycosphingolipids

Decapodiformes

Receptor, erbB-3

Neuromuscular Junction

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal

Denervation

Cell Movement

Confocal calcium imaging reveals an ionotropic P2 nucleotide receptor in the paranodal membrane of rat Schwann cells. (1/1583)

Transport of Trembler-J mutant peripheral myelin protein 22 is blocked in the intermediate compartment and affects the transport of the wild-type protein by direct interaction. (2/1583)

A role for insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of Schwann cell survival. (3/1583)

A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting clone of the Schwann cell line SCTM41 enhances survival and fiber outgrowth from embryonic nigral neurons grafted to the striatum and to the lesioned substantia nigra. (4/1583)

Krox-20 controls SCIP expression, cell cycle exit and susceptibility to apoptosis in developing myelinating Schwann cells. (5/1583)