Myofibrils
Connectin
A giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kDa (cardiac), 3,300 kDa (psoas), to 3,700 kDa (soleus) having a kinase domain. The amino- terminal is involved in a Z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the M line.
Psoas Muscles
A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.
Muscle Proteins
Actinin
Muscle, Striated
Muscle Contraction
Muscle, Skeletal
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.
Tropomodulin
Myosins
A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.
Myocardium
Actin Cytoskeleton
Isotonic Contraction
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Muscle Development
Isometric Contraction
Rana temporaria
Myocytes, Cardiac
Biomechanical Phenomena
Desmin
Tropomyosin
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Rabbits
Stress, Mechanical
Protein Kinases
Anura
Micromanipulation
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Myosin Heavy Chains
LIM Domain Proteins
A large class of structurally-related proteins that contain one or more LIM zinc finger domains. Many of the proteins in this class are involved in intracellular signaling processes and mediate their effects via LIM domain protein-protein interactions. The name LIM is derived from the first three proteins in which the motif was found: LIN-11, Isl1 and Mec-3.
Immobilization
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Muscle Cells
Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.
Cells, Cultured
Microscopy
The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.
Stress Fibers
Models, Biological
Muscle Spindles
Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.
Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
Sarcolemma
Microfilament Proteins
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Lasers
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Protein Isoforms
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoskeleton
Chick Embryo
Subcellular adaptation of the human diaphragm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (1/1432)
Pulmonary hyperinflation impairs the function of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it has been recently demonstrated that the muscle can counterbalance this deleterious effect, remodelling its structure (i.e. changing the proportion of different types of fibres). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the functional impairment present in COPD patients can be associated with structural subcellular changes of the diaphragm. Twenty individuals (60+/-9 yrs, 11 COPD patients and 9 subjects with normal spirometry) undergoing thoracotomy were included. Nutritional status and respiratory function were evaluated prior to surgery. Then, small samples of the costal diaphragm were obtained and processed for electron microscopy analysis. COPD patients showed a mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 60+/-9% predicted, a higher concentration of mitochondria (n(mit)) in their diaphragm than controls (0.62+/-0.16 versus 0.46+/-0.16 mitochondrial transections (mt) x microm(-2), p<0.05). On the other hand, subjects with air trapping (residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) >37%) disclosed not only a higher n(mit) (0.63+/-0.17 versus 0.43+/-0.07 mt x microm(-2), p<0.05) but shorter sarcomeres (L(sar)) than subjects without this functional abnormality (2.08+/-0.16 to 2.27+/-0.15 microm, p<0.05). Glycogen stores were similar in COPD and controls. The severity of airways obstruction (i.e. FEV1) was associated with n(mit) (r=-0.555, p=0.01), while the amount of air trapping (i.e. RV/TLC) was found to correlate with both n(mit) (r=0.631, p=0.005) and L(sar) (r=-0.526, p<0.05). Finally, maximal inspiratory pressure (PI,max) inversely correlated with n(mit) (r=-0.547, p=0.01). In conclusion, impairment in lung function occurring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with subcellular changes in their diaphragm, namely a shortening in the length of sarcomeres and an increase in the concentration of mitochondria. These changes form a part of muscle remodelling, probably contributing to a better functional muscle behaviour. (+info)Morphology and mechanics of tongue movement in the African pig-nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum: a muscular hydrostatic model. (2/1432)
The goal of this study was to investigate morphological adaptations associated with hydrostatic elongation of the tongue during feeding in the African pig-nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum. Whereas previous studies had suggested that the tongue of H. marmoratum elongates hydraulically, the anatomical observations reported here favour a muscular hydrostatic mechanism of tongue elongation. H. marmoratum possesses a previously undescribed compartment of the m. genioglossus (m. genioglossus dorsoventralis), which is intrinsic to the tongue and whose muscle fibres are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the tongue. On the basis of the arrangement and orientation of muscle fibres in the m. genioglossus and m. hyoglossus, we propose a muscular hydrostatic model of tongue movement in which contraction of the m. genioglossus dorsoventralis, together with unfolding of the intrinsic musculature of the tongue, results in a doubling in tongue length. Electron micrographs of sarcomeres from resting and elongated tongues show that no special adaptations of the sarcomeres are necessary to accommodate the observed doubling in tongue length during feeding. Rather, the sarcomeres of the m. genioglossus longitudinalis are strikingly similar to those of anuran limb muscles. The ability to elongate the tongue hydrostatically, conferred by the presence of the m. genioglossus dorsoventralis, is associated with the appearance of several novel aspects of feeding behaviour in H. marmoratum. These include the ability to protract the tongue slowly, thereby increasing capture success, and the ability to aim the tongue in azimuth and elevation relative to the head. Compared with other frogs, the muscular hydrostatic system of H. marmoratum allows more precise, localized and diverse tongue movements. This may explain why the m. genioglossus of H. marmoratum is composed of a larger number of motor units than that of other frogs. (+info)Dynamic distribution and formation of a para-sarcomeric banding pattern of prosomes during myogenic differentiation of satellite cells in vitro. (3/1432)
Myogenesis proceeds by fusion of proliferating myoblasts into myotubes under the control of various transcription factors. In adult skeletal muscle, myogenic stem cells are represented by the satellite cells which can be cultured and differentiate in vitro. This system was used to investigate the subcellular distribution of a particular type of prosomes at different steps of the myogenic process. Prosomes constitute the MCP core of the 26S proteasomes but were first observed as subcomplexes of the untranslated mRNPs; recently, their RNase activity was discovered. A monoclonal antibody raised against the p27K subunit showed that the p27K subunit-specific prosomes move transiently into the nucleus prior to the onset of myoblast fusion into myotubes; this represents possibly one of the first signs of myoblast switching into the differentiation pathway. Prior to fusion, the prosomes containing the p27K subunit return to the cytoplasm, where they align with the gradually formed lengthwise-running desmin-type intermediate filaments and the microfilaments, co-localizing finally with the actin bundles. The prosomes progressively form discontinuous punctate structures which eventually develop a pseudo-sarcomeric banding pattern. In myotubes just formed in vitro, the formation of this pattern seems to preceed that produced by the muscle-specific sarcomeric (alpha)-actin. Interestingly, this pattern of prosomes of myotubes in terminal in vitro differentiation was very similar to that of prosomes observed in vivo in foetal and adult muscle. These observations are discussed in relation to molecular myogenesis and prosome/proteasome function. (+info)Correlation between myofilament response to Ca2+ and altered dynamics of contraction and relaxation in transgenic cardiac cells that express beta-tropomyosin. (4/1432)
We compared the dynamics of the contraction and relaxation of single myocytes isolated from nontransgenic (NTG) mouse hearts and from transgenic (TG-beta-Tm) mouse hearts that overexpress the skeletal isoform of tropomyosin (Tm). Compared with NTG controls, TG-beta-Tm myocytes showed significantly reduced maximal rates of contraction and relaxation with no change in the extent of shortening. This result indicated that the depression in contraction dynamics determined in TG-beta-Tm isolated hearts is intrinsic to the cells. To further investigate the effect of Tm isoform switching on myofilament activity and regulation, we measured myofilament force and ATPase rate as functions of pCa (-log of [Ca2+]). Compared with controls, force generated by myofilaments from TG-beta-Tm hearts and myofibrillar ATPase activity were both more sensitive to Ca2+. However, the shift in pCa50 (half-maximally activating pCa) caused by changing sarcomere length from 1.8 to 2.4 microm was not significantly different between NTG and TG-beta-Tm fiber preparations. To test directly whether isoform switching affected the economy of contraction, force versus ATPase rate relationships were measured in detergent-extracted fiber bundles. In both NTG and TG-beta-Tm preparations, force and ATPase rate were linear and identically correlated, which indicated that crossbridge turnover was unaffected by Tm isoform switching. However, detergent extracted fibers from TG-beta-Tm demonstrated significantly less maximum tension and ATPase activity than NTG controls. Our results provide the first evidence that the Tm isoform population modulates the dynamics of contraction and relaxation of single myocytes by a mechanism that does not alter the rate-limiting step of crossbridge detachment. Our results also indicate that differences in sarcomere-length dependence of activation between cardiac and skeletal muscle are not likely due to differences in the isoform population of Tm. (+info)Myofibrillogenesis in the developing chicken heart: assembly of Z-disk, M-line and the thick filaments. (5/1432)
Myofibrillogenesis in situ was investigated by confocal microscopy of immunofluorescently labelled whole mount preparations of early embryonic chicken heart rudiments. The time-course of incorporation of several components into myofibrils was compared in triple-stained specimens, taken around the time when beating starts. All sarcomeric proteins investigated so far were already expressed before the first contractions and myofibril assembly happened within a few hours. No typical stress fibre-like structures or premyofibrils, structures observed in cultured cardiomyocytes, could be detected during myofibrillogenesis in the heart. Sarcomeric proteins like (&agr;)-actinin, titin and actin were found in a defined localisation pattern even in cardiomyocytes that did not yet contain myofibrils, making up dense body-like structures. As soon as the heart started to beat, all myofibrillar proteins were already located at their exact position in the sarcomere. The maturation of the sarcomeres was characterised by a short delay in the establishment of the pattern for M-line epitopes of titin with respect to Z-disk epitopes and the incorporation of the M-line component myomesin, which preceded that of myosin binding protein-C. Thus dense body-like structures, made up of titin, (&agr;)-actinin and actin filaments serve as the first organised complexes also during myofibrillogenesis in situ and titin functions as a ruler for sarcomere assembly as soon as its C termini have become localised. We suggest that assembly of thin and thick filament occurs independently during myofibrillogenesis in situ and that myomesin might be important for integrating thick filaments with the M-line end of titin. (+info)Different domains of the M-band protein myomesin are involved in myosin binding and M-band targeting. (6/1432)
Myomesin is a 185-kDa protein located in the M-band of striated muscle where it interacts with myosin and titin, possibly connecting thick filaments with the third filament system. By using expression of epitope-tagged myomesin fragments in cultured cardiomyocytes and biochemical binding assays, we could demonstrate that the M-band targeting activity and the myosin-binding site are located in different domains of the molecule. An N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain is sufficient for targeting to the M-band, but solid-phase overlay assays between individual N-terminal domains and the thick filament protein myosin revealed that the unique head domain contains the myosin-binding site. When expressed in cardiomyocytes, the head domains of rat and chicken myomesin showed species-specific differences in their incorporation pattern. The head domain of rat myomesin localized to a central area within the A-band, whereas the head domain of chicken myomesin was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. We therefore conclude that the head domain of myomesin binds to myosin but that this affinity is not sufficient for the restriction of the domain to the M-band in vivo. Instead, the neighboring immunoglobulin-like domain is essential for the precise incorporation of myomesin into the M-band, possibly because of interaction with a yet unknown protein of the sarcomere. (+info)Effect of rate of distraction on loss of range of joint movement, muscle stiffness, and intramuscular connective tissue content during surgical limb-lengthening: a study in the rabbit. (7/1432)
Surgical lengthening of limbs often results in loss of range of joint movement and this has been shown to be associated with an increase in passive tension and an increase in collagen content of the muscles. In this study, we have investigated the length/tension properties and the connective tissue component of muscle distracted at three different rates in order to determine whether low rates of distraction would enable the connective tissue component, as well as the contractile component (number of serial sarcomeres), to adapt more completely to the increased functional length of the muscle and thus lead to improved range of joint movement. It was found that loss of range of movement varied with rate of distraction. At the low rate, there was no change in the passive tension or collagen content compared to muscles from sham-operated animals, and range of movement was significantly greater than at the other rates. At the medium rate, although the muscles showed good adaptation in terms of serial sarcomere number, passive tension and collagen content was increased and range of movement reduced, indicating that changes in the connective tissue component are important factors in loss of joint movement. In the case of muscle distracted at a high rate, failure of the muscle fibres to add on sufficient sarcomeres, combined with changes in the connective tissue, resulted in almost total loss of joint movement. (+info)Cross bridge-dependent activation of contraction in cardiac myofibrils at low pH. (8/1432)
Striated muscle contracts in the absence of calcium at low concentrations of MgATP ([MgATP]), and this has been termed rigor activation because rigor cross bridges attach and activate adjacent actin sites. This process is well characterized in skeletal muscle but not in cardiac muscle. Rigor cross bridges are also thought to increase calcium binding to troponin C and play a synergistic role in activation. We tested the hypothesis that cross bridge-dependent activation results in an increase in contractile activity at normal and low pH values. Myofibrillar ATPase activity was measured as a function of pCa and [MgATP] at pH 7.0, and the data showed that, at pCa values of >/=5.5, there was a biphasic relationship between activity and [MgATP]. Peak activity occurred at 10-50 microM MgATP, and [MgATP] for peak activity was lower with increased pCa. The ATPase activity of rat cardiac myofibrils as a function of [MgATP] at a pCa of 9.0 was measured at several pH levels (pH 5.4-7.0). The ATPase activity as a function of [MgATP] was biphasic with a maximum at 8-10 microM MgATP. Lower pH did not result in a substantial decrease in myofibrillar ATPase activity even at pH 5.4. The extent of shortening, as measured by Z-line spacing, was greatest at 8 microM MgATP and less at both lower and higher [MgATP], and this response was observed at all pH levels. These studies suggest that the peak ATPase activity associated with low [MgATP] was coupled to sarcomere shortening. These results support the hypothesis that cross bridge-dependent activation of contraction may be responsible for contracture in the ischemic heart. (+info)
Sarcomere number regulation maintained after immobilization in desmin-null mouse skeletal muscle | Journal of Experimental...
Sarcomere dynamics in cat cardiac trabeculae. | Circulation Research
Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation affects cross...
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Sarcomere length changes during end-held (isometric) contractions in intact mammalian (rat) fast and slow muscle fibres. - UEA...
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Abstract 20476: Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms Are Acetylated at Lysine Residues, Resulting in Enhanced Enzymatic and...
A transcriptomics resource reveals a transcriptional transition during ordered sarcomere morphogenesis in flight muscle -...
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Cardiac myosin binding protein C and MAP-kinase activating death domain-containing gene polymorphisms and diastolic heart...
The Structure of Skeletal Muscle. - A-Level Physical Education (Sport & Coaching) - Marked by Teachers.com
NAVER Academic | Effects of Sustained Length-Dependent Activation on In Situ Cross-Bridge Dynamics in Rat Hearts
Significance of sarcomere gene mutation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy | GMR | Genetics and Molecular Research | The...
ZFIN Publication: Prill et al., 2019
A coarse-grained model of the myofibril: Overall dynamics and the evolution of sarcomere non-uniformities - CaltechAUTHORS
Changes in Striated Muscle Fibres During Contraction and Growth with Particular Reference to Myofibril Splitting | Journal of...
Effects of MgADP on length dependence of tension generation in skinned rat cardiac muscle. - Semantic Scholar
Monitoring sarcomere structure changes in whole muscle using diffuse light reflectance
Differential contribution of cardiac sarcomeric proteins in the myofibrillar force response to stretch<...
Mechanisms of residual force enhancement in skeletal muscle: insights from experiments and mathematical models | SpringerLink
Print content: Muscle Architecture | FitClick
Neb - Nebulin - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Neb gene & protein
Myopalladin, a Novel 145-Kilodalton Sarcomeric Protein with Multiple Roles in Z-Disc and I-Band Protein Assemblies | JCB
Frank-Starling law of the heart
Scientists Discover Important Mechanism for Muscle Building
OSA | Imaging 2D optical diffuse reflectance in skeletal muscle
Experimentally Increasing Titin Compliance in a Novel Mouse Model Attenuates the Frank-Starling Mechanism But Has a Beneficial...
Search Results | RUP
Frank-Starling Mechanism | The Lecturio Online Medical Library
Marked sarcomere disorganization is a well-documented characteristic of cardiomyocytes in the | Beneficial Effects of RAF...
What is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber? | Reference.com
Survival, Integration, and Differentiation of Cardiomyocyte Grafts | Circulation
A higher magnification of a field that suggests a non-s | Open-i
Genatlas sheet
Frontiers | MYBPC1, an Emerging Myopathic Gene: What We Know and What We Need to Learn | Physiology
Group of diseases - Humpath.com - Human pathology
What Is the Difference Between Relaxed and Contracted Sarcomere?
sarcomere - oi
C0 and C1 N-terminal Ig domains of myosin binding protein C exert different effects on thin filament activation<...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Contractile Units in Disordered Actomyosin Bundles Arise from F-Actin Buckling - 33757 | CDC Public...
Effects of a titin mutation on force enhancement and force depression in mouse soleus muscles | Journal of Experimental Biology...
Sarcomere | Cell and Developmental Biology | SUNY Upstate Medical University
MMI‐0100 Inhibits Cardiac Fibrosis in a Mouse Model Overexpressing Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C | Journal of the American...
CARDIAC MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN C MUTATIONS IN FAMILIES WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: DISEASE EXPRESSION IN RELATION TO AGE,...
Evidence from human myectomy samples that MYBPC3 mutations cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through haploinsufficiency. -...
CONTRACTILITY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE IN GLYCEROL-EXTRACTED MUSCLE FIBERS | JCB
Most recent papers with the keyword Cardiac Contractility Modulation | Read by QxMD
Valsartan for attenuating disease evolution in early sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the design of the Valsartan for...
Novel mutations in the sarcomeric protein myopalladin in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy - MDC Repository
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | JACC: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Comprehensive Versus Targeted Genetic Testing in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. - PubMed - NCBI
A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice | Science
Frank-Starling law - Wikipedia
The molecular composition of the sarcomeric M-band correlates with muscle fiber type
Muscle-specific RING finger-2 (MURF-2) is important for microtubule, intermediate filament and sarcomeric M-line maintenance in...
A new model of the cardiomyopathy seen in Barth syndrome
Spontaneous oscillatory contraction of sarcomeres in skeletal myofibrils | SpringerLink
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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Differential Sarcomere and Electrophysiological Maturation of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiac Myocytes in...
Phosphorylation of protein kinase C sites Ser42/44 decreases Ca(2+)-sensitivity and blunts enhanced length-dependent activation...
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JCI -
Deficiency in Kelch protein Klhl31 causes congenital myopathy in mice
Regulation of contraction in mammalian striated muscles-the plot thick-ens | JGP
Publications | Page 9 | Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI)
Publications | Page 8 | Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI)
Treatment of Preclinical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Diltiazem - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Childrens Cardiomyopathy Foundation / Register
Stritch researcher: New blood test could detect heart attacks more quickly | Stritch School of Medicine
Calcium binding to an elastic portion of connectin/titin filaments
Foam Rolling Isnt Stretching, But Its Still Important - DeanSomerset.com
SMART: Pfam domain PPAK
Muscles | Ichthus77
myomesin
Summary Report | CureHunter
Telethonin抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Telethonin抗体
Publications | Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
Modify the spacing within cells in Excel
a. To determine: The term that describes "stores and releases calcium." | bartleby
Joakim.Sundnes | Simula Research Laboratory
Biblio | Simula Research Laboratory
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Essential Mineral Elements in Plant Nutrition
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Endurance Training for Pain & Rehab
In a trigger point, the sarcomeres are over-contracted … which means that the sarcomeres up and down the line are, to some ... For a much more detailed explanation of how this all works, see Micro Muscles and the Dance of the Sarcomeres. ... The smallest functional unit of muscle physiology is the sarcomere, which is like a microscopic muscle: a bundle of overlapping ... A muscle is basically several million sarcomeres working in together.3. ...
How can we identify the best way to train each muscle? | by Chris Beardsley | Medium
4. Working sarcomere lengths. What it is: Working sarcomere lengths describe the lengths of the sarcomeres inside the fibers of ... The working sarcomere lengths describe the lengths of the sarcomeres inside a muscle over its joint angle range of motion. It ... Working sarcomere lengths - muscles that contain sarcomeres that can be stretched substantially will be more easily damaged ... Depending on the number of sarcomeres in the muscle fibers of a muscle (and on other factors), the length of any sarcomere ...
Load dependency in force-length relations in isolated single cardiomyocytes<...
The new method allowed stretching cells to 2.2μm or more in end-diastolic sarcomere length. ESFLR virtually behaves in a load ... The new method allowed stretching cells to 2.2μm or more in end-diastolic sarcomere length. ESFLR virtually behaves in a load ... The new method allowed stretching cells to 2.2μm or more in end-diastolic sarcomere length. ESFLR virtually behaves in a load ... The new method allowed stretching cells to 2.2μm or more in end-diastolic sarcomere length. ESFLR virtually behaves in a load ...
Optimal range for parvalbumin as relaxing agent in adult cardiac myocytes: Gene transfer and mathematical modeling -...
The muscle fibers within muscle cells are divided into myofibrils, which are further divided into , the contractile units...
Radiotherapy for malignant conditions: Strahlentherapie Pasing
Deletion of the titin N2B region accelerates myofibrillar force development but does not alter relaxation kinetics<...
Cardiac titin is the main determinant of sarcomere stiffness during diastolic relaxation. To explore whether titin stiffness ... abstract = "Cardiac titin is the main determinant of sarcomere stiffness during diastolic relaxation. To explore whether titin ... N2 - Cardiac titin is the main determinant of sarcomere stiffness during diastolic relaxation. To explore whether titin ... AB - Cardiac titin is the main determinant of sarcomere stiffness during diastolic relaxation. To explore whether titin ...
frigidaire washer parts diagram
bioRxiv Channel Allen Institute for Cell Science
Is the Tongue the Strongest Muscle in Your Body?
John K-J Li - Dynamics of the Vascular System, page 92 read online
Molecular muscle machines bulk up | Research | Chemistry World
Is stretching overrated? - Yoga Spy
Stretching doesnt cause the muscle to build more sarcomeres. Im not sure if you mean more sarcomeres in parallel ( ie ... The only thing that will increase the sarcomeres is resistance training, where the load stresses the muscle cell to hypertrophy ... Continued stretching causes the muscle to build more sarcomeres, the contractile units that comprise a muscle. ...
Trigger Points and Continuing Misdiagnosis - Know Thyself Advisor
The sarcomeres are the small sections of each fibre. From one section to another defines the length of a sarcomere. In the ... In each fibre we have microscopic units called sarcomeres. Just to make a small movement in a muscle millions of sarcomeres ... Trigger point therapy sessions address this issue by equalising sarcomere length.. Normally sarcomeres are like little pumps ( ... It is a primary location for trigger points because this is where sarcomeres tend to remain contracted. However its not quite ...
Search Results | Journal of General Physiology | Rockefeller University Press
Research topic on muscle mechanics in Frontiers in Physiology | Biomedical Engineering
2) Methods to quantify sarcomere length changes and viewpoints on sarcomere length heterogeneity/homogeneity along muscle ... 4) Approaches to link different scales of neuro-musculo-skeletal mechanics from sarcomere level to whole body level 5) Clinical ... One particular challenge is to quantify length changes of sarcomeres. However, this is not only a methodological challenge, but ... Resulting prospects range from homogeneous sarcomere lengths or amplitude-wise varying but the same direction of length changes ...
Quick Answer: Can Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Tongue Problems? - case journals
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Magic Massage
If you look on the internet, youll find some bold claims about what massage will do. Removing toxins, halting delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), increasing range of movement by lengthening muscles, and realigning scar tissue to name but a few. So can it really do those things? Probably not. If you think about it, how can touching the skin remove toxins? How did they get in you in the first place? If youve been partying a bit too hard of late and youre feeling a bit rough because of it, the
Süter Gıda | Essay Report: Contraction and Comfort of Cardiac Fibers
The actin filament is drawn with the myosin go on the way to the center of the sarcomere producing contraction from the cardiac ... The sarcomere which is the contractile device with the myocardial microscopic cells include myosin, troponin, tropomysin and ... actin filaments. Shortening with the sarcomeres leads to contraction on the cardiac fibers. Intercalated discs have adjoining ... by intercalated discs towards the contractile cardiomyocytes caused by pacemaker tissue which journeys between sarcomeres ...
MyosinMyofibrilFilamentsStriated muscleLengthsProteinsCardiomyocytesMyofibrilsHypertrophicSingle sarcomereSerial sarcomereMusclesRole in sarcomere assemblyDiffractionMeasurement of sarcomere lengthRegions of the sarcomereAverage sarcomere lengthDynamicsLoss of sarcomeresAssembly of sarcomeresFormation of sarcomeresFibersGenesMutations in cardiomyopathyNormal sarcomereAdjacent sarcomeresCardiac muscleGeneMuscle fiberPhosphorylationHeterogeneityMorphogenesisKnockoutMYH7VariantsIsometric tensionSliding FilameMoleculesFunctional unitShortenTropomyosinContractilityOrganizationShortensLeft ventricular
Myosin16
- The giant protein titin (connectin) extends from the Z-line of the sarcomere, where it binds to the thick filament (myosin) system, to the M-band, where it is thought to interact with the thick filaments. (wikipedia.org)
- The interaction between actin and myosin filaments in the A-band of the sarcomere is responsible for the muscle contraction (based on the sliding filament model). (wikipedia.org)
- Relaxed sarcomeres contain myosin heads that have released their pull on the thin filaments. (reference.com)
- HCM can be caused by mutations in components of the sarcomere (the heart's contractile unit), most notably myosin. (sciencemag.org)
- Under a light microscope, muscle fibers have alternating black and white bands due to the contractile filaments myosin (anisotropic band, A-band) and actin (isotropic band, I-band) that make up sarcomeres. (frontiersin.org)
- Reflecting the most recent advances in electron microscopic ultrastructure, the model unequivocally demonstrates that individual myofilaments neither change shape nor shorten, rather the proteins actin and myosin slide past one another, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomere itself. (shopanatomical.com)
- Muscles organise pseudo-crystalline arrays of actin, myosin and titin filaments to build force-producing sarcomeres. (uzh.ch)
- A middle region of each sarcomere called the H-zone only contains myosin. (wikibooks.org)
- It localizes to the thick filament of the sarcomere where it functions to regulate myosin-based contractility. (allencell.org)
- The action of myosin attachment and actin movement results in sarcomere shortening. (wikipedia.org)
- The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres , which are the basic functional units of the muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
- The principal cytoplasmic proteins are myosin and actin (also known as "thick" and "thin" filaments, respectively) which are arranged in a repeating unit called a sarcomere . (wikipedia.org)
- Using electron microscopy, we have already been able to visualize some muscle building blocks in atomic detail, such as the protein complex of actin and myosin as the central element of the sarcomere. (mpg.de)
- 2) The myosin heads then swivel, the Working Stroke , pulling the Z-lines closer together and shortening the sarcomeres. (unm.edu)
- Type II myosin is the major constituent of sarcomeres. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
- Among the several paralogs of the myosin regulatory light chain in vertebrates (5), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) is expressed in the myocardium, where it performs buy Inolitazone dihydrochloride specific roles in cardiogenesis by contributing to the formation of sarcomeres and in increasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of muscle tension at submaximal Ca2+ concentrations (6, 7). (biodiversityhotspot.org)
Myofibril9
- A myofibril is formed of a sequence of sarcomeres. (crossfit.com)
- We found that the lengths of all sarcomeres spontaneously oscillated in an isolated skeletal myofibril, when both ends were fixed, submillimolar to millimolar concentrations of ATP, ADP and inorganic phosphate (P i ) were present, and Ca 2+ was removed. (springer.com)
- The propagation of the sarcomere oscillation along the long axis of the myofibril was observed occasionally in single myofibrils and frequently in bundles of myofibrils. (springer.com)
- A theoretical framework for predicting the macroscopic behavior of a muscle myofibril based on the collective behavior of sarcomeres is presented. (caltech.edu)
- Representing complete sarcomere the smallest functional unit of myofibril of striated muscle with lines or disks at either end, and scaled to tens of thousands of times actual size, this first-ever working model graphically illustrates the sliding filament theory of skeletal muscle contraction. (shopanatomical.com)
- Following myofibril assembly, many short sarcomeres are added to each myofibril. (uzh.ch)
- Whereas the highly regular organization of the myofibril has been studied in detail, in vivo assembly of sarcomeres remains a poorly understood process. (monash.edu)
- The sarcomere is the smallest contractile unit in the myofibril. (unm.edu)
- These proteins are organized into thick and thin filaments called myofilaments, which repeat along the length of the myofibril in sections called sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
Filaments16
- Sarcomeres are composed of long, fibrous proteins as filaments that slide past each other when a muscle contracts or relaxes. (wikipedia.org)
- The relationship between the proteins and the regions of the sarcomere are as follows: Actin filaments, the thin filaments, are the major component of the I-band and extend into the A-band. (wikipedia.org)
- Narrowing and widening of an H-zone and an I-band were observed corresponding to the shortening and lengthening of a sarcomere, suggesting that thick and thin filaments slide past each other. (springer.com)
- Groups of thick and thin filaments that alternately overlap and move apart are called sarcomeres. (reference.com)
- Groups of three titin filaments are shown aligned together in the half sarcomere and overlapping in the Z-band. (upstate.edu)
- Groups of three titin filaments are shown alighned together in the half sarcomere and overlapping in the M-band with groups of three from the other half sarcomere. (upstate.edu)
- Thick and thin filaments, and titin are shown in this illustration (for simplicity, only two titin molecules per half thick filament are shown) (cf. [ 37 ] for electron microscopic images of titin molecules in the sarcomere). (hindawi.com)
- The sarcomere, the basic contractile unit of striated muscle cells, is widely accepted as being constructed of two sets of parallel and interdigitated protein filaments that are discontinuous and inextensible. (springer.com)
- The purpose of this chapter is to outline and develop key evidence that has led to the notion that the sarcomere contains two sets of distinct cytoskeletal filaments that are continuous and extensible. (springer.com)
- the other set is an extensive network of intermediate filaments enveloping each sarcomere and interlinking other cellular organelles (an exosarcomeric lattice). (springer.com)
- In hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, we observed mEGFP-tagged MLC-2a in a striated appearance along myofilaments, reflecting its localization to the thick filaments of sarcomeres, and absence from the Z-disk and I-band. (allencell.org)
- After stage 3 we might expect there to be some increase in the internal resistance to shortening since the actin filaments must now overlap, and after stage 4 the actin filaments from one half of the sarcomere might interfere with the cross-bridge formation in the other half of the sarcomere. (alpfmedical.info)
- These observations suggest a novel model of sarcomere assembly where Myo18b coordinates the integration of preformed thick and thin filaments into the sarcomere. (monash.edu)
- By using this system, we confirmed the ability of the unit cell (sarcomere) structure model to explain the intensity change of diffraction lines accompanying the dissociation from both ends of thick filaments in a high salt solution. (elsevier.com)
- Also, we found that myofibrils with a long sarcomere length shorten to a slack length accompanying the decrease in overlap between thick and thin filaments produced by the dissociation of thick filaments. (elsevier.com)
- The I bands appear lighter because these regions of the sarcomere mainly contain the thin actin filaments, whose smaller diameter allows the passage of light between them. (wikipedia.org)
Striated muscle6
- A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the complicated unit of striated muscle tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- K. Wang, "Sarcomere-associated cytoskeletal lattices in striated muscle. (hindawi.com)
- Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units of striated muscle. (nih.gov)
- Sarcomeres are the fundamental structural and contractile units in striated muscle and sarcomere length is an important predictor of muscle function. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Sarcomeres, the smallest contractile units of striated muscle, are conventionally perceived as the most regular macromolecular assemblies in biology, with precisely assigned localizations for their constituent proteins. (nih.gov)
- Dewey M, Colflesh D, Brink P, Fan S-F, Gaylinn B, Gural N (1982) Structural, functional, and chemical changes in the contractile apparatus of Limulus striated muscle as a function of sarcomere shortening and tension development. (springer.com)
Lengths20
- a , Mean (± s.e.m) sarcomere lengths versus ankle angle, measured in the lateral gastrocnemius of seven anaesthetized mice using a 1-mm-diameter microendoscope placed on the muscle. (nih.gov)
- Sarcomere lengths have been a crucial outcome measure for understanding and explaining basic muscle properties and muscle function. (frontiersin.org)
- Sarcomere lengths for a given muscle are typically measured at a single spot, often in the mid-belly of the muscle, and at a given muscle length. (frontiersin.org)
- It is then assumed implicitly that the sarcomere length measured at this single spot represents the sarcomere lengths at other locations within the muscle, and force-length, force-velocity, and power-velocity properties of muscles are often implied based on these single sarcomere length measurements. (frontiersin.org)
- The objective of this study was to measure sarcomere lengths at defined locations along and across an intact muscle, at different muscle lengths. (frontiersin.org)
- Using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging technique, sarcomere patterns in passive mouse tibialis anterior (TA) were imaged in a non-contact manner at five selected locations ("proximal," "distal," "middle," "medial," and "lateral" TA sites) and at three different lengths encompassing the anatomical range of motion of the TA. (frontiersin.org)
- We showed that sarcomere lengths varied substantially within small regions of the muscle and also for different sites across the entire TA. (frontiersin.org)
- However, iPSC-CM generated in 2D protocols constantly displayed larger sarcomere lengths as compared to the 3D protocol. (mdpi.com)
- The variation of sarcomere length is compared to the variation in thick filament lengths in Limulus reported by Dewey et al. (springer.com)
- The contractile apparatus at various sarcomere lengths. (springer.com)
- The analysis is accomplished by rigorously transforming the nonlinear dynamics of an assemblage of sarcomeres into a partial differential equation for the probability distribution function of sarcomere lengths in the presence of stochastic temporal fluctuations and biological variability. (caltech.edu)
- See, for example, Figure 2, which shows that different muscles not only have different resting lay sarcomere lengths, but also different operating ranges. (movementsci.com)
- The heterogeneity of resting lay lengths is further evidenced by a cadaver study by Ward and colleagues 9 , who reported sarcomere lengths of every major lower extremity muscle (Table 1). (movementsci.com)
- Working sarcomere lengths - the working sarcomere lengths of a muscle over its physiological range of motion determine whether it can experience stretch-mediated hypertrophy . (medium.com)
- The susceptibility of a muscle to muscle damage after a workout is affected by: (1) prevailing fiber type, (2) the level of voluntary activation that can be attained, (3) the size of the muscle, and (4) the working sarcomere lengths of the muscle fibers. (medium.com)
- In order to test this idea it is necessary to measure the active increment of isometric tension at different known sarcomere lengths. (alpfmedical.info)
- The measurements have to be done on a single fibre and there are some technical difficulties because sarcomeres at the ends of a fibre may take up lengths different from those in the middle. (alpfmedical.info)
- A. F. Huxley and his colleagues overcame these difficulties by building an apparatus which used optical servomechanisms to maintain the sarcomere lengths in the middle of a fibre constant during a contraction. (alpfmedical.info)
- There is a 'plateau' of constant tension at sarcomere lengths between 2.05 and 2.2 fxm. (alpfmedical.info)
- Now let us see if the length-tension diagram shown in Fig. 10.9 can be related to these dimensions, starting at long sarcomere lengths and working through to short ones. (alpfmedical.info)
Proteins14
- Specific proteins are responsible for the bands and zones within each sarcomere . (wiktionary.org)
- It provides binding sites for numerous proteins and is thought to play an important role as sarcomeric ruler and as blueprint for the assembly of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
- Several proteins important for the stability of the sarcomeric structure are found in the Z-line as well as in the M-band of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease of heart muscle that can be caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins. (sciencemag.org)
- However, recent studies have revealed complex multiple locations for several sarcomere proteins within the sarcomere and other cellular compartments such as the nucleus. (nih.gov)
- The comparison of disassembly in the developing and mature knockout sarcomere suggests diverse functions for titin's M line in embryonic development and the adult heart that not only involve the differential expression of titin isoforms but also of titin-binding proteins. (rupress.org)
- Sarcomere assembly is a process orchestrated by the sequential expression of structural and signaling proteins, which ultimately leads to the formation of mature myofibrils. (rupress.org)
- In this study, we show that titin's M-line region is dispensable for initial sarcomere assembly, including the correct localization of M-band proteins, but that it is required to fortify the sarcomere structure and for lateral growth. (rupress.org)
- Monitoring the localization and embryonic expression of M-band proteins and proposed substrates of the titin kinase, we were able to attribute the sarcomere disassembly to titin's structural functions. (rupress.org)
- Background-Mutations in the genes encoding sarcomere proteins have been associated with both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. (northwestern.edu)
- Structure of sarcomere and myofilament proteins. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
- Mutational analysis in a cohort of 63 unrelated adult probands with left ventricular noncompaction and no other congenital heart anomalies was performed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and direct DNA sequencing of 6 genes encoding sarcomere proteins. (cdc.gov)
- Yet it is not known how TnT mutation causes dysfunction of sarcomere microdomains and how these events contribute to misalignment of sarcomeric proteins in presence of DCM TnT-R173W. (ox.ac.uk)
- The sarcomere, the fundamental unit of muscle contraction, is a highly-ordered complex of hundreds of proteins. (emory.edu)
Cardiomyocytes8
- Recently, we developed a novel system in which the length of a particular, single sarcomere in cardiomyocytes can be measured at ~30 nm precision. (hindawi.com)
- Heart failure is associated with elongation of cardiomyocytes and loss of sarcomeres. (ahajournals.org)
- The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit for striated muscles such as cardiomyocytes. (mayo.edu)
- MEK5 induced a form of hypertrophy in which cardiomyocytes acquired an elongated morphology and sarcomeres were assembled in a serial manner. (elsevier.com)
- Troponin destabilization impairs sarcomere-cytoskeleton interactions in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from dilated cardiomyopathy patients. (ox.ac.uk)
- We previously reported that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mutation, troponin T (TnT)-R173W, display sarcomere protein misalignment and impaired contractility. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cardiac contraction originates at a subcellular - molecular, indeed - scale, within specific components of the cardiomyocytes (i.e. cardiac cells) called sarcomeres. (bioqic.de)
- In Tβ4 null mice, immunofluorescence-based sarcomere analyses revealed shortened thin filament, sarcomere and titin spring length in cardiomyocytes, associated with precocious up-regulation of the short titin isoforms during the postnatal splicing transition. (ox.ac.uk)
Myofibrils7
- Myofibrils are composed of repeating sections of sarcomeres, which appear under the microscope as alternating dark and light bands. (wikipedia.org)
- The myofibrils of smooth muscle cells are not arranged into sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
- The left side (peach color) of the sarcomere represents a half sarcomere found in vertebrate skeletal myofibrils. (upstate.edu)
- The striated appearance of myofibrils makes laser diffraction 3 an ideal method to study sarcomere dynamics in single muscle fibers. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Myofibrils are constructed and lined up in a chain-like formation to create what are called sarcomeres. (wikibooks.org)
- During cardiomyocyte beating, the contraction of sarcomeres can be seen in the changes in spacing between striations, and some myofibrils buckle. (allencell.org)
- As the sarcomeres contract the myofibrils contract. (unm.edu)
Hypertrophic6
- Diagnostic yield, interpretation, and clinical utility of mutation screening of sarcomere encoding genes in Danish hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients and relatives. (qxmd.com)
- Clinical features and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with triple sarcomere protein gene mutations. (qxmd.com)
- Sarcomere variants were the primary genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and were recently detected in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). (usda.gov)
- Prediction of sarcomere mutations in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (cdc.gov)
- Sarcomere protein mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy induce subtle cardiac structural changes before the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). (cdc.gov)
- We speculated that mutations in sarcomere protein genes known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy may be associated with left ventricular noncompaction. (cdc.gov)
Single sarcomere1
- Further, it reproduces experimental observations that cannot be explained by standard single sarcomere models, and provides new insights into muscle function and muscle damage during cyclic loading. (caltech.edu)
Serial sarcomere2
- The serial sarcomere number of skeletal muscle changes in response to chronic length perturbation. (biologists.org)
- These findings reveal a specific role for MEK5-ERK5 in the induction of eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and in transduction of cytokine signals that regulate serial sarcomere assembly. (elsevier.com)
Muscles12
- In immobilized muscles, sarcomere length measurement by traditional LD method was not possible. (nih.gov)
- Our knowledge about sarcomere dynamics has primarily come from in vitro studies of muscle fibres and analysis of optical diffraction patterns obtained from living muscles. (nih.gov)
- Normal biomechanical and physiological functions of striated muscles are facilitated by the repeating sarcomere units. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- However, few studies, if any, have been conducted to investigate the possibility of using optical detection to examine sarcomere structure changes in whole muscles. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- In this paper, we study the reduced scattering coefficients derived from spatially resolved reflectance measurements 5 on pre- and postrigor whole muscles and investigate their relationships with sarcomere structure. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- To manipulate muscle sarcomere length, the psoas major muscles were used because of their appropriate anatomical locations. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- A consistent result was observed in the shortened soleus: a significant decrease in sarcomere number was observed in the muscles from both wild-type (approximately 26 %) and knockout (approximately 12 %) mice. (biologists.org)
- Thus, although desmin is not essential for sarcomerogenesis or sarcomere subtraction in mouse hindlimb muscles, the results do suggest subtle differences in the nature of sarcomere number adaptation. (biologists.org)
- Sarcomeres are the basic force producing units of muscles. (frontiersin.org)
- In multiple classes, I was taught that muscles, and thus their sarcomeres, produce the most amount of force while at resting length. (movementsci.com)
- According to the sliding filament theory by Andrew Huxley and Ralph Niedergerke, muscles contract when Z-discs come closer together thus shortening the sarcomeres. (wikibooks.org)
- That is why we want to investigate and compare the composition and the structure of sarcomeres in young and aged muscles," Frank Schnorrer and Dirk Görlich refer to one of the goals of this large-scale project. (mpg.de)
Role in sarcomere assembly3
- The conditional knockout approach enabled the generation of adult animals to study titin's function in the mature heart and skeletal muscle, but expression kinetics of the Cre recombinase transgene preclude the analysis of titin's role in sarcomere assembly during early embryonic development. (rupress.org)
- To distinguish a role in sarcomere assembly from a role in stabilizing preexisting sarcomeres and to address potential nonmuscle functions, we have converted our conditional M-line titin knockout into a complete knockout using germline recombination. (rupress.org)
- We sought to determine whether Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a peptide that regulates the availability of actin monomers for polymerization in non-muscle cells, plays a role in sarcomere assembly during cardiac morphogenesis and influences adult cardiac function. (ox.ac.uk)
Diffraction6
- Polarization gating enables sarcomere length measurements by laser diffraction in fibrotic muscle. (nih.gov)
- Sarcomere length measured by polarization-gated laser diffraction (PGLD). (nih.gov)
- Sarcomere length and first-order diffraction line width were measured by laser diffraction during elongation of activated frog tibialis anterior muscle fiber bundles (i.e., eccentric contraction) at nominal fiber strains of 10, 25, or 35% (n = 18) for 10 successive contractions. (nih.gov)
- Diffraction pattern line width, a measure of sarcomere length heterogeneity, increased significantly with muscle activation and then continued to increase with successive stretches of the activated muscle. (nih.gov)
- The variation in sarcomere length along the fiber, as determined by the 0th to 1st diffraction order spacing, was dependent upon the fiber preparation. (springer.com)
- The diameters of diffraction rings represented the average sarcomere length. (elsevier.com)
Measurement of sarcomere length1
- Moreover, our system enables accurate measurement of sarcomere length in the isolated heart. (hindawi.com)
Regions of the sarcomere1
- The names of the various sub-regions of the sarcomere are based on their relatively lighter or darker appearance when viewed through the light microscope. (wikipedia.org)
Average sarcomere length2
- the peak-to-peak amplitude of oscillation reached as much as 30% of the average sarcomere length. (springer.com)
- average sarcomere length, 2.2-2.6 μm) of which the optical thickness was appropriately chosen. (elsevier.com)
Dynamics9
- We propose that QDs are the ideal tool for the study of sarcomere dynamics during excitation-contraction coupling in healthy and diseased cardiac muscle. (hindawi.com)
- Minimally invasive high-speed imaging of sarcomere contractile dynamics in mice and humans. (nih.gov)
- High-speed data acquisition enabled observation of sarcomere contractile dynamics with millisecond-scale resolution. (nih.gov)
- These experiments point the way to in vivo imaging studies demonstrating how sarcomere performance varies with physical conditioning and physiological state, as well as imaging diagnostics revealing how neuromuscular diseases affect contractile dynamics. (nih.gov)
- Sarcomere dynamics in cat cardiac trabeculae. (ahajournals.org)
- The purpose of the present study was to describe sarcomere dynamics in thin trabeculae that were dissected from the right ventricle of kittens. (ahajournals.org)
- We show that the accumulation of overstretched sarcomeres, which is related to muscle damage, depends on a delicate interplay between the dynamics of a large number of sarcomeres and the load characteristics, such as its magnitude and frequency. (caltech.edu)
- ovr expression) and uptake (FATP1 overexpression) reveal gender-specific changes in cardiac lipid dynamics, affecting myocardial compliance and sarcomere activity. (grantome.com)
- Together, it pursues an innovative, interdisciplinary concept that combines quantitative proteomics and nanoantibody engineering (Görlich) with super-resolution light microscopy (Schnorrer, Gautel), electron cryo-tomography (Raunser), and biochemical as well as functional genetic analyses of sarcomere dynamics in Drosophila flies (Schnorrer), but also in zebrafish and mouse (Gautel). (mpg.de)
Loss of sarcomeres1
- It was found that periods of stretch as short as 1/2 h daily were sufficient not only to prevent loss of sarcomeres but actually to cause an increase in the number of sarcomeres in series. (painscience.com)
Assembly of sarcomeres1
- Consistent with the ability of MEK5 to induce serial assembly of sarcomeres in vitro, cardiac-specific expression of activated MEK5 in transgenic mice resulted in eccentric cardiac hypertrophy that progressed to dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden death. (elsevier.com)
Formation of sarcomeres1
- In addition, several studies have postulated that beta1 integrins have a role in the formation of sarcomeres. (biologists.org)
Fibers4
- Iwazumi, T. & Pollack, G. H. (1981) The effect of sarcomere non-uniformity on the sarcomere lengthtension relationship of skinned fibers. (springer.com)
- Sarcomeres are aligned precisely in muscle fibers and are readily observed using light microscopy as alternating light and dark bands called the I-band and A-band. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- As a consequence of Spalt knock-down, sarcomere maturation is defective and fibers fail to gain stretch-sensitivity. (uzh.ch)
- Only when the sarcomeres of the muscle fibers of a muscle are stretched onto the descending limb of the length-tension relationship can mechanical tension be increased during full range of motion exercises. (medium.com)
Genes6
- Familial disease caused by mutations in cardiac sarcomere protein genes, which accounts for most cases in adolescents and adults, is believed to be a very rare cause of HCM. (qxmd.com)
- This study shows that familial disease is common among infants and children with HCM and that, in most cases, disease is caused by mutations in cardiac sarcomere protein genes. (qxmd.com)
- Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy in children is caused by mutations in cardiac sarcomere protein genes. (qxmd.com)
- Our aim is to seek potential pathogenic variants of sarcomere genes in our ACM cohort and describe their characteristics.We performed targeted sequencing of 14 sarcomere genes in 84 patients with ACM and set strict criteria to identify potential pathogenic variants. (usda.gov)
- Mutations in sarcomere protein genes in left ventricular noncompaction. (cdc.gov)
- Many sarcomeric genes have been implicated in congenital cardiomyopathies, such that understanding developmental sarcomere transitions will inform the aetiology and treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
Mutations in cardiomyopathy1
- Sarcomere mutations in cardiomyopathy, noncompaction, and the developing heart. (cdc.gov)
Normal sarcomere1
- Extrapolating to an in vitro cardiomyocyte model, the altered postnatal splicing was corrected with addition of synthetic Tβ4, whereby normal sarcomere length was restored. (ox.ac.uk)
Adjacent sarcomeres2
- Titin is shown with its NH2 termini from adjacent sarcomeres overlapping in the Z-band. (upstate.edu)
- In a one-dimensional compartmental analysis, we bidirectionally coupled 50 sarcomere models in series to model calcium diffusion and stress transfer between adjacent sarcomeres. (uio.no)
Cardiac muscle3
- The sarcomeres give skeletal and cardiac muscle their striated appearance, which was first described by Van Leeuwenhoek. (wikipedia.org)
- The right side (pink color) of the sarcomere reflects a half sarcomere in cardiac muscle cells. (upstate.edu)
- Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle have sarcomeres. (histology-world.com)
Gene4
- Burden of rare sarcomere gene variants in the Framingham and Jackson Heart Study cohorts. (dropbox.com)
- There were no differences in clinical and echocardiographic features between those children with sarcomere protein gene mutations and those without or between patients with 2 mutations and those with 1 or no mutations. (qxmd.com)
- Clinical evaluations demonstrated familial disease in 6 of 11 probands with sarcomere gene mutations. (cdc.gov)
- We conclude that left ventricular noncompaction is within the diverse spectrum of cardiac morphologies triggered by sarcomere protein gene defects. (cdc.gov)
Muscle fiber3
- Loss of titin's M line leads to impaired stability of the muscle fiber with the disassembly of existing sarcomeres. (rupress.org)
- The muscle fiber relaxes and the entire sarcomere lengthens. (wikipedia.org)
- A muscle fiber is divided into functional units known as sarcomeres which are defined as the distance between 2 sets of Z - lines. (mhhe.com)
Phosphorylation1
- In this study, we use a titin M line-deficient mouse to show that the initial assembly of the sarcomere does not depend on titin's M-line region or the phosphorylation of T-cap by the titin kinase. (rupress.org)
Heterogeneity3
- They also demonstrate that muscle injury is accompanied by a progressive increase in sarcomere length heterogeneity, yielding lower yield tension as injury progresses. (nih.gov)
- The results suggest that in conditions of calcium overload, the vulnerable window of stretch-release to trigger suprathreshold delayed afterdepolarizations can be affected by heterogeneity in sarcomere length. (uio.no)
- Furthermore, stretch and sarcomere heterogeneity may modulate the susceptibility threshold for delayed afterdepolarizations and the aftercontraction wave propagation velocity. (uio.no)
Morphogenesis2
- Together, this defines an ordered sarcomere morphogenesis process under precise transcriptional control - a concept that may also apply to vertebrate muscle or heart development. (uzh.ch)
- It appears that, at least in the case of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, temporal control of protein synthesis may be an important part of eucaryotic molecular morphogenesis. (caltech.edu)
Knockout1
- Unlike in the adult knockout sarcomere, kinase-deficient titin does not integrate into the A band and, thus, fails to form a continuous filament system. (rupress.org)
MYH72
Variants5
- Sarcomere variants in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: Pathogenic factor or bystander? (usda.gov)
- Clinical screening was performed on all available family members of the patients carrying sarcomere variants and specific variants were tested in screened family members by Sanger sequencing.We identified 6 sarcomere variants in 6 (7%) patients, which were all definite ACM. (usda.gov)
- Patients with sarcomere variants all experienced major arrhythmic cardiac event (MACE) with the average age of the first documented MACE being 41.2 ± 11.0 years. (usda.gov)
- Pedigrees analysis showed none of the sarcomere variants carriers among the family members were affected, indicating very low penetrance.We detected some sarcomere variants in our ACM cohort. (usda.gov)
- Although those patients with sarcomere variants had severe arrhythmic burden, family co-segregation analysis didn't strongly support a primary role in the pathogenesis of ACM. (usda.gov)
Isometric tension1
- Cleworth DR, Edman KAP (1972) Changes in sarcomere length during isometric tension development in frog skeletal muscle. (springer.com)
Sliding Filame1
- This two-filament sarcomere model provides a structural basis for the powerful sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction. (springer.com)
Molecules2
- Actin molecules are bound to the Z-line, which forms the borders of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
- Within the muscle sarcomere, each tropomyosin molecule spans approximately __________ globular (G) actin molecules. (physiologyweb.com)
Functional unit2
- This composite structural and functional unit is known as a sarcomere. (crossfit.com)
- Their smallest repeating functional unit is the sarcomere. (mpg.de)
Shorten1
- This power pack performs the actual muscle work: When the sarcomeres shorten, the muscle contracts. (mpg.de)
Tropomyosin1
- Using a human iPSC-CM model combined with CRISPR/Cas9-engineered isogenic controls, we uncovered that TnT-R173W destabilizes molecular interactions of troponin with tropomyosin, and limits binding of PKA to local sarcomere microdomains. (ox.ac.uk)
Contractility1
- Small molecule-based activation of AMPK can restore TnT microdomain interactions, and partially recovers sarcomere protein misalignment as well as impaired contractility in DCM TnT-R173W iPSC-CMs. (ox.ac.uk)
Organization2
- 1 Many muscle diseases ultimately are reflected in changes in sarcomere organization. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic direction targeting sarcomere- cytoskeleton interactions to induce sarcomere re-organization and contractile recovery in DCM. (ox.ac.uk)
Shortens2
- Thus muscle contraction occurs, and the sarcomere shortens as this process takes place. (wikipedia.org)
- The Z-lines pull together and the sarcomere shortens as above. (unm.edu)
Left ventricular1
- Methods and Results-We used clinically available genetic testing on 3 cases referred for evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction and noncompaction of the left ventricle and found that all 3 individuals carried sarcomere mutations. (northwestern.edu)