Infection of the striated muscle of mammals by parasites of the genus SARCOCYSTIS. Disease symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and paralysis are produced by sarcocystin, a toxin produced by the organism.
A genus of protozoa found in reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. This heteroxenous parasite produces muscle cysts in intermediate hosts such as domestic herbivores (cattle, sheep, pigs) and rodents. Final hosts are predators such as dogs, cats, and man.

An outbreak of acute eosinophilic myositis attributed to human Sarcocystis parasitism. (1/66)

Seven members of a 15-man U.S. military team that had operated in rural Malaysia developed an acute illness consisting of fever, myalgias, bronchospasm, fleeting pruritic rashes, transient lymphadenopathy, and subcutaneous nodules associated with eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated levels of muscle creatinine kinase. Sarcocysts of an unidentified Sarcocystis species were found in skeletal muscle biopsies of the index case. Albendazole ameliorated symptoms in the index case; however, his symptoms persisted for more than 5 years. Symptoms in 5 other men were mild to moderate and self-limited, and 1 team member with laboratory abnormalities was asymptomatic. Of 8 team members tested for antibody to Sarcocystis, 6 were positive; of 4 with the eosinophilic myositis syndrome who were tested, all were positive. We attribute this outbreak of eosinophilic myositis to accidental tissue parasitism by Sarcocystis.  (+info)

Improvement of western blot test specificity for detecting equine serum antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona. (2/66)

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease of horses and ponies caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona. The purposes of this study were to develop the most stringent criteria possible for a positive test result, to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the EPM Western blot antibody test, and to assess the ability of bovine antibodies to Sarcocystis cruzi to act as a blocking agent to minimize false-positive results in the western blot test for S. neurona. Sarcocystis neurona merozoites harvested from equine dermal cell culture were heat denatured, and the proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a 12-20% linear gradient gel. Separated proteins were electrophoretically transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and blocked in 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.5% Tween-Tris-buffered saline. Serum samples from 6 horses with S. neurona infections (confirmed by culture from neural tissue) and 57 horses without infections (horses from the Eastern Hemisphere, where S. neurona does not exist) were tested by Western blot. Horses from both groups had reactivity to the 62-, 30-, 16-, 13-, 11-, 10.5-, and 10-kD bands. Testing was repeated with another step. Blots were treated with bovine S. cruzi antibodies prior to loading the equine samples. After this modification of the Western blot test, positive infection status was significantly associated with reactivity to the 30- and 16-kD bands (P<0.001, Fisher's exact test). The S. cruzi antibody-blocked Western blot had a sample sensitivity of 100% and sample specificity of 98%. It is concluded that the specificity of the Western blot test is improved by blocking proteins not specific to S. neurona and using reactivity to the 30- and 16-kD bands as the criterion for a positive test.  (+info)

Sarcocystis sp. from cattle slaughtered in Japan. (3/66)

Sarcocystis sp. was detected from cattle slaughtered in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. The cysts were 3,400-4,400 x 198-238 microm in size and had the thick cyst wall which was 7 to 10 microm thick and provided with finger-like villar protrusions. The protrusions were 8-9.5 x 2-2.5 microm in size and had microtubules in the core.  (+info)

Experimental induction of the two-host life cycle of Sarcocystis cruzi between dogs and Korean native calves. (4/66)

Eight dogs were experimentally infected with Sarcocystis by oral inoculation of cardiac muscle from naturally infected cattle. The infected dogs commenced discharging of sporocysts in the feces after 10 to 12 days of inoculation, and continued until 20 and 35 days after inoculation. Three dogs were reinfected with cardiac muscle from the naturally infected cattle. Sporocysts reappeared in the feces on 12 to 13 days after reinfection. Sarcocystis sporocysts collected from the experimentally infected dogs were fed to each of the two 30-day-old Korean native calves. The infected calves remained clinically normal, except for the high fever (> or = 40 degrees C) and decreased hematocrit values on day 30 to 40 post inoculation. Muscular cysts of Sarcocystis were found from infected calves on day 40 post inoculation. Proliferative forms of Sarcocystis were also observed in the muscle of infected calves. These results suggest that the Sarcocystis cruzi found in Korean native cattle has a 2-host life cycle with dogs as the definitive host and Korean native calves as the intermediate host.  (+info)

Reduced levels of nitric oxide metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. (5/66)

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease of horses that is primarily associated with infection with the apicomplexan Sarcocystis neurona. Infection with this parasite alone is not sufficient to induce the disease, and the mechanism of neuropathogenesis associated with EPM has not been reported. Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a neurotransmitter, a vasodilator, and an immune effector and is produced in response to several parasitic protozoa. The purpose of this work was to determine if the concentration of NO metabolites (NO(x)(-)) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is correlated with the development of EPM. CSF NO(x)(-) levels were measured before and after transport-stressed, acclimated, or dexamethasone-treated horses (n = 3 per group) were experimentally infected with S. neurona sporocysts. CSF NO(x)(-) levels were also compared between horses that were diagnosed with EPM after natural infection with S. neurona and horses that did not have clinical signs of disease or that showed no evidence of infection with the parasite (n = 105). Among the experimentally infected animals, the mean CSF NO(x)(-) levels of the transport-stressed group, which had the most severe clinical signs, was reduced after infection, while these values were found to increase after infection in the remaining groups that had less severe signs of EPM. Under natural conditions, horses with EPM (n = 65) had a lower mean CSF NO(x)(-) concentration than clinically normal horses with antibodies (Abs) against S. neurona (n = 15) in CSF, and horses that developed ataxia (n = 81) had a significantly lower mean CSF NO(x)(-) concentration than horses that did not have neurologic signs (n = 24). In conclusion, lower CSF NO(x)(-) levels were associated with clinical EPM, suggesting that measurement of CSF NO(x)(-) levels could improve the accuracy of diagnostic tests that are based upon detection of S. neurona-specific Abs in CSF alone and that reduced NO levels could be causally related to the development of EPM.  (+info)

Sensitive and specific identification of Neospora caninum infection of cattle based on detection of serum antibodies to recombinant Ncp29. (6/66)

Neosporosis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum. Diagnostic tests for neosporosis are complicated by the potential for cross-reaction of antibodies to antigens that are similar between N. caninum and closely related parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis cruzi. To provide a sensitive and specific assay for detecting antibodies to N. caninum in the serum of infected animals, we have investigated a recombinant form of the antigen known as Ncp29 (rNcp29), which is a major surface protein of the parasite. Ncp29 is encoded by a gene that is homologous to the SAG1 gene previously characterized from T. gondii. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen animals for the presence of serum antibodies specific to rNcp29. The rNcp29 ELISA readily distinguished between cattle known to be infected with N. caninum (optical density [OD] > 1.2 at 1:500 or greater dilution) and negative controls (OD < 0.5 at 1:500). Additionally, sera from animals that were infected with T. gondii or S. cruzi were negative. The rNcp29 ELISA developed here provides a specific and sensitive assay for detecting neosporosis in cattle.  (+info)

Pathology of sarcocystis neurona in interferon-gamma gene knockout mice. (7/66)

Pathologic changes were studied in 27 interferon-gamma gene knockout mice 34-54 days after being fed graded doses of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts derived from a naturally infected opossum. The target tissue for S. neurona infection was the central nervous system. Characteristic histopathologic changes present in all mice consisted of an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of mostly neutrophils and macrophages, fewer eosinophils, and rare multinucleated giant cells. Intralesional protozoa and scattered subacute perivascular cuffs were present. Where the infiltrates were extensive, neuropil rarefaction was frequent. Pathologic changes were much more frequent and severe in the caudal portion of the brain, especially in the cerebellum, than in the middle and cranial portions. Changes were present in all spinal cords examined (10 of 10). Lesions were equally distributed in white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord and their meningeal linings.  (+info)

Comparison of a serum indirect fluorescent antibody test with two Western blot tests for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. (8/66)

A serum indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was compared with a Western blot (WB) and a modified Western blot (mWB) for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve of the IFAT was greater than the areaunder the curves of the WB and the mWB (P = 0.025 and P = 0.044, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the areas under the curves of the WBs (P > 0.05). On the basis of an arbitrarily chosen cut-off titer for a positive test result of 1:80 for the IFAT and interpreting weak positive WB results as positive test results, the sensitivities and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of all 3 tests were identical and equal to 88.9% (51.8-99.7%). The specificities and 95% CIs of the IFAT, WB, and mWB test were 100% (91-100%), 87.2% (72.6-95.7%), and 69.2% (52.4-83%), respectively. The overall accuracy of the IFAT was shown to be better than that of the WBs and, therefore, the test has potential for use in the diagnosis of EPM caused by Sarcocystis neurona.  (+info)

Sarcocystosis is a parasitic infection caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing Sarcocystis cysts. It can also occur in humans through the accidental ingestion of spores that are shed in feces of infected animals. The two main species that infect humans are S. hominis and S. suihominis, with S. hominis being transmitted via cattle and S. suihominis from pigs.

The infection typically occurs without symptoms (asymptomatic) but can sometimes cause mild to severe illness, depending on the species of the parasite and the immune status of the infected person. Symptoms may include muscle pain, weakness, fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

In rare cases, sarcocystosis can affect the central nervous system (neurocysticercosis) and cause neurological symptoms such as seizures, balance problems, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, kidney failure, or even death.

Diagnosis of sarcocystosis is usually made by identifying the parasite in tissue samples (biopsy) or through serological tests that detect antibodies against the parasite. Treatment typically involves supportive care and anti-parasitic medications such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pyrimethamine, or nitazoxanide. Prevention measures include cooking meat thoroughly before consumption and practicing good hygiene when handling raw meat.

Sarcocystis is a genus of intracellular parasitic protozoa that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. These microscopic organisms are known to infect both animals and humans, causing a variety of symptoms depending on the specific species involved and the immune status of the host.

Sarcocystis spp. have a complex life cycle involving two hosts: an intermediate host, which is typically a herbivorous animal, and a definitive host, which is usually a carnivorous or omnivorous animal. The parasites form cysts, known as sarcocysts, in the muscles of the intermediate host, which are then ingested by the definitive host during feeding.

In humans, Sarcocystis spp. can cause two main types of infections: intestinal and muscular. Intestinal infection occurs when humans accidentally ingest undercooked or raw meat containing Sarcocystis cysts. The parasites then invade the human's intestinal wall, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

Muscular infection, on the other hand, is caused by the ingestion of water or food contaminated with sporocysts shed in the feces of infected definitive hosts. This type of infection is relatively rare in humans and typically causes mild symptoms such as muscle pain, weakness, and fever.

It's worth noting that while Sarcocystis spp. can cause illness in humans, they are not usually considered a significant public health concern. Proper cooking of meat and good hygiene practices can help prevent infection with these parasites.

Wong KT, Pathmanathan R (1992). "High prevalence of human skeletal muscle sarcocystosis in south-east Asia". Trans. R. Soc. ... 46: 231-203 Markus, MB; Van Der Lugt, JJ; Dubey, JP (2004). Sarcocystosis. Chapter 20 in: Infectious Diseases of Livestock (eds ... La Perle KM, Silveria F, Anderson DE, Blomme EA (1999). "Dalmeny disease in an alpaca (Lama pacos): sarcocystosis, eosinophilic ... Typical clinical signs of acute bovine sarcocystosis are: anorexia, pyrexia (42 °C or more), anemia, cachexia, enlarged ...
"Contribution to the serological diagnosis of sarcocystosis". Folia Parasitol. 25 (4): 289-92. PMID 105972. Votýpka J, Hypsa V, ...
Binky died in 1995 from sarcocystosis, a parasitic disease. Binky was found orphaned near Cape Beaufort, on Alaska's North ... In 1995, Binky's cagemate Nuka suddenly became sick with the parasitic disease sarcocystosis, dying from associated liver ...
ISBN 978-92-5-103969-4. Mohammad, Mohammad Hadi (2012). "Prevalence of Bovine Sarcocystosis in Babylon province (مجلة الكوفة ...
... negligible rates of zoonotic sarcocystosis occur in feral swine that, by contrast, frequently harbour infections with ...
... appointment at the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science in Adelaide where he undertook research on ovine sarcocystosis. ...
... sarcocystosis and mycobateriosis as well as some forms of viral infection, to which immature hawks especially, as they often ...
... sarcocystosis MeSH C03.752.250.800 - toxoplasmosis MeSH C03.752.250.800.110 - toxoplasmosis, animal MeSH C03.752.250.800.250 - ...
Education and information about Sarcocystosis, including frequently asked questions, biology and life cycle information and ... Sarcocystosis occurs in tropical or subtropical countries. Muscular sarcocystosis has most often been reported from countries ... Sarcocystosis is a disease caused by a microscopic parasite Sarcocystis. In humans, two types of the disease can occur, one ...
Intestinal Sarcocystosis. Humans are the natural definitive host for Sarcocystis heydorni, S. hominis, and S. suihominis, ... Muscular Sarcocystosis. Dead-end intermediate host infection with S. nesbitti and possibly other species can occur in humans ... Consider intestinal sarcocystosis in patients with gastroenteritis and a history of eating raw or undercooked meat. Oocysts or ... Include muscular sarcocystosis in the differential diagnosis of people presenting with myalgia, with or without fever, and a ...
Sarcocystosis in Humans (Homo Sapiens). Sarcocystosis in Pigs (Sus Scrofa). Sarcocystosis in Cattle (Bos Taurus). Sarcocystosis ... Sarcocystosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). Sarcocystosis in Horses, Mules, and Donkeys (Equus Spp.). Sarcocystosis in ... Sarcocystosis in Chickens (Gallus Gallus). Sarcocystosis in Other Avian Species. Sarcocystosis in Wild Ruminants and Other ... Written by the authors who pioneered studies of Sarcocystosis of domestic animals, Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans, Second ...
Wong KT, Pathmanathan R (1992). "High prevalence of human skeletal muscle sarcocystosis in south-east Asia". Trans. R. Soc. ... 46: 231-203 Markus, MB; Van Der Lugt, JJ; Dubey, JP (2004). Sarcocystosis. Chapter 20 in: Infectious Diseases of Livestock (eds ... La Perle KM, Silveria F, Anderson DE, Blomme EA (1999). "Dalmeny disease in an alpaca (Lama pacos): sarcocystosis, eosinophilic ... Typical clinical signs of acute bovine sarcocystosis are: anorexia, pyrexia (42 °C or more), anemia, cachexia, enlarged ...
Sarcocystosis (Sarcocystosis Infection). Scabies. Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia). Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosomiasis, African; ...
Intestinal sarcocystosis in Thai laborers. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1996 Mar. 27(1):43-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ... Wong KT, Pathmanathan R. High prevalence of human skeletal muscle sarcocystosis in south-east Asia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. ... 6] Intestinal sarcocystosis, or the definitive form, most commonly produces abdominal pain, diarrhea, and generalized myalgias. ... Kan SP, Pathmanathan R. Review of sarcocystosis in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991 Dec. 22 Suppl:129- ...
Dubey, J. P., Lindsay, D. S. (2006). Neosporosis, toxoplasmosis, and sarcocystosis in ruminants. Vet. Clin. N Am. - Food Anim. ...
95 Sarcocystosis. 96 Leishmaniosis. 97 Babesiosis. 98 Cytauxzoonosis. 99 Hepatozoonosis. 100 Trypanosomiasis. 101 Giardiasis. ...
Categories: Sarcocystosis Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 2 ...
Lesion overlap between cardiomyopathy associated with domoic acid toxicosis, sarcocystosis, and toxoplasmosis usually precludes ...
There are given the data on a degree of spread and intensity of affection with sarcocystosis of reindeers in the Yamal-Nenets ... Ryabov S.A., Listishenko A.A. Ecological regularities of sarcocystosis of reindeers in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district ... ECOLOGICAL REGULARITIES OF SARCOCYSTOSIS OF REINDEERS IN THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT ...
Update on Henipavirus Infection and Sarcocystosis, An Emerging Brain and Muscle Infection. ...
Clinical pathobiological studies on SarcocystosisPrincipal Investigator. *. Principal Investigator. ONO Kenichiro *. Project ...
review of sarcocystosis in malaysia - Faculty of Tropical Medicine ... some species of Sarcocystis are the domestic cat, dog ... intestinal sarcocystosis has not been reported in Malaysia so far, it can be assumed that such cases .... with malignancies, ...
Veterinary and sanitary characteristics of sarcocystosis infected cattle meat Seregin I.G., Baranovich E.S., Nikitchenko V.E., ... It was found out that the shelf life of chilled meat from animals infected with sarcocystosis is 1-2 days less than that of ... The rate of sarcocystosis detection in slaughtered cattle was studied. The infection rate for slaughtered animals averaged 0.38 ... 104 of meat infected with sarcocystosis as compared to meat of healthy cattle was detected. ...
Expression Levels of Some Apoptotic and Oxidative Genes in Sheep with Sarcocystosis Yuksek V., Kilinc Ö., Dede S., Cetin S., ...
Sarcocystosis * Texas Identity. PubMed Central ID * 27124332 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) * 10.7589/2015-10-292 ...
A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. Embeddings are generated with Walking RDF and OWL method ...
Sarcocystosis. *Spinal stenosis. *Diabetic lumbosacral plexopathy. Weakness. *Neuromuscular weakness *Upper motor neuron: *CVA ...
There are three accepted subspecies of African grey parrots, although the timneh parrot ( P. e. timneh or P. timneh ) is also regarded by many sources as…
95 Sarcocystosis. 96 Leishmaniosis. 97 Babesiosis. 98 Cytauxzoonosis. 99 Hepatozoonosis. 100 Trypanosomiasis. 101 Giardiasis. ...
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. The Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues in the online and mobile app versions today.. ...
Other less studied protozoan diseases are represented by other coccidia (Table 1), for example acute muscular sarcocystosis ... toxoplasmosis and human and livestock sarcocystosis) [102]. In Australia, the human costs of these diseases are estimated to be ... description of a large outbreak of muscular sarcocystosis in Pangkor Island, Malaysia, 2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8:e2876. ... and 89 human patients with molecularly confirmed symptomatic muscular sarcocystosis on Pangkor Island [99]. Most of the cases ...
Sarcocystosis. *Tularemia. *Tumors and abscesses. *White-nose syndrome. *Yellow grubs. USEFUL INFORMATION. *Hunter precautions ...
Príznaky, liečba a prevencia sarcocystosis u ľudí. *Sú tam black červy u ľudí. ...
Furthermore, the major risk factors related to the development of sarcocystosis in camels detected that the prevalence rate of ...
First report of human intestinal sarcocystosis in Cambodia. Parasitology International, 66 (5). pp. 560-562. ...

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