Salmonella typhimurium. Medical search

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.

Viruses whose host is Salmonella. A frequently encountered Salmonella phage is BACTERIOPHAGE P22.

A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other animals.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.

Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER; (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA that causes mild PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the genetic mechanisms and processes of microorganisms.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Gram-negative rods widely distributed in LIZARDS and SNAKES, and implicated in enteric, bone (BONE DISEASES), and joint infections (JOINT DISEASES) in humans.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Animal reproductive bodies, or the contents thereof, used as food. The concept is differentiated from OVUM, the anatomic or physiologic entity.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.

Basic lipopeptide antibiotic group obtained from Bacillus polymyxa. They affect the cell membrane by detergent action and may cause neuromuscular and kidney damage. At least eleven different members of the polymyxin group have been identified, each designated by a letter.

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.

The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and shikimate-3-phosphate. The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.

The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.

The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.

A class of plasmids that transfer antibiotic resistance from one bacterium to another by conjugation.

Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine.

3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.

The bacterial sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) that catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to its sugar substrates (the PTS sugars) concomitant with the translocation of these sugars across the bacterial membrane. The phosphorylation of a given sugar requires four proteins, two general proteins, Enzyme I and HPr and a pair of sugar-specific proteins designated as the Enzyme II complex. The PTS has also been implicated in the induction of synthesis of some catabolic enzyme systems required for the utilization of sugars that are not substrates of the PTS as well as the regulation of the activity of ADENYLYL CYCLASES. EC 2.7.1.-.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.

The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P22-like viruses, family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects SALMONELLA species. The genome consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

The penultimate step in the pathway of histidine biosynthesis. Oxidation of the alcohol group on the side chain gives the acid group forming histidine. Histidinol has also been used as an inhibitor of protein synthesis.

Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

In eukaryotes, a genetic unit consisting of a noncontiguous group of genes under the control of a single regulator gene. In bacteria, regulons are global regulatory systems involved in the interplay of pleiotropic regulatory domains and consist of several OPERONS.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

A protein which is a subunit of RNA polymerase. It effects initiation of specific RNA chains from DNA.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

The family Erinaceidae, in the order INSECTIVORA. Most are true hedgehogs possessing a coat of spines and a very short tail. Those members of the family found in Southeast Asia (moonrats or gymnures) have normal body hair and a long tail.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-5-imidazolepropanoate to urocanate and water. EC 4.2.1.49.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.

An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)

A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.

A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.

A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of ethanolamine to acetaldehyde. EC 4.3.1.7.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.

A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.

Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.18.

One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Vertical transmission of hereditary characters by DNA from cytoplasmic organelles such as MITOCHONDRIA; CHLOROPLASTS; and PLASTIDS, or from PLASMIDS or viral episomal DNA.

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by naked DNA from another source. The uptake of naked DNA is a naturally occuring phenomenon in some bacteria. It is often used as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

The expelling of bacteria from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract.

Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.

Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. (1/7066)

The two genetically established antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages are production of reactive oxygen intermediates by phagocyte oxidase (phox) and reactive nitrogen intermediates by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Mice doubly deficient in both enzymes (gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-)) formed massive abscesses containing commensal organisms, mostly enteric bacteria, even when reared under specific pathogen-free conditions with antibiotics. Neither parental strain showed such infections. Thus, phox and NOS2 appear to compensate for each other's deficiency in providing resistance to indigenous bacteria, and no other pathway does so fully. Macrophages from gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-) mice could not kill virulent Listeria. Their killing of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and attenuated Listeria was markedly diminished but demonstrable, establishing the existence of a mechanism of macrophage antibacterial activity independent of phox and NOS2. (+info)

Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (2/7066)

Activation of the extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is part of the early biochemical events that follow lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of macrophages or their infection by virulent and attenuated Salmonella strains. Phagocytosis as well as the secretion of invasion-associated proteins is dispensable for ERK activation by the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathways used by Salmonella and LPS to stimulate ERK are identical, suggesting that kinase activation might be solely mediated by LPS. Both stimuli activate ERK by a mechanism involving herbimycin-dependent tyrosine kinase(s) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phospholipase D activation and stimulation of protein kinase C appear to be intermediates in this novel pathway of MEK/ERK activation. (+info)

Pathogenicity island 2 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are efficient carriers for heterologous antigens and enable modulation of immune responses. (3/7066)

The potential use as vaccine delivery system of Salmonella typhimurium strains harboring defined mutations in the sseC (HH104) and sseD (MvP101) genes, which encode putative effector proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2, was evaluated and compared with that of the well-characterized aroA mutant strain SL7207 by using beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) as a model antigen. When orally administered to immune-competent or gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-gamma-/-) BALB/c mice, both mutants were found to be highly attenuated (50% lethal dose, >10(9) bacteria). Both strains were also able to efficiently colonize and persist in Peyer's patches. Immunization with HH104 and MvP101 triggered beta-Gal-specific serum and mucosal antibody responses equivalent to or stronger than those observed in SL7207-immunized mice. Although immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) serum antibodies were dominant in all groups, IgG1 was also significantly increased in mice vaccinated with MvP101 and SL7207. Comparable beta-Gal-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in intestinal lavages from mice immunized with the different strains. Antigen-specific CD4(+) T-helper cells were generated after vaccination with all vaccine prototypes; however, responses were significantly more efficient when HH104 and MvP101 were used (P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma were produced by restimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with HH104 than from those vaccinated with the MvP101 or SL7207 derivatives (P +info)

Effect of transforming growth factor beta on experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. (4/7066)

We have investigated the effect of the in vivo administration of recombinant transforming growth factor beta (rTGF-beta) on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Salmonella typhimurium experimental infection in mice. The protective response elicited by macrophages was induced by rTGF-beta1 by 2 days after experimental infection, as demonstrated by an increased NO production, while the humoral protective effect began with cytokine mRNA expression 2 days after the challenge and continued after 5 days with cytokine release and lymphocyte activation. We demonstrated that all mice who received rTGF-beta1 survived 7 days after infection. The number of bacteria recovered in the spleens and in the livers of rTGF-beta1-treated mice 2 and 5 days after infection was significantly smaller than that found in the same organs after phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) inoculation. Furthermore, 2 and 5 days after infection, splenic macrophages from rTGF-beta1-treated mice showed a greater NO production than did those from PBS-treated mice. The effect of rTGF-beta1 on S. typhimurium infection in mice was correlated with the expression of cell costimulatory CD28 molecules. Five days after S. typhimurium infection, the percentage of CD28(+)-expressing T cells in splenic lymphocytes from rTGF-beta1-treated mice increased with respect to that from control mice. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA was present in a greater amount in spleen cells from rTGF-beta1-treated mice after 2 days, although the intensity of the band decreased 5 days after the challenge. A similar pattern was obtained with the mRNAs for interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-6, TGF-beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which showed greater expression in cells obtained from rTGF-beta1-treated and S. typhimurium-infected mice 2 days after challenge. The treatment with rTGF-beta1 induced an increase in IL-1alpha and IFN-gamma release in the supernatant of splenocyte cultures 5 days after the experimental infection with S. typhimurium. Moreover, we demonstrated that 5 days after infection, the IFN-gamma titer was significantly greater in the sera of rTGF-beta-treated mice than in those of PBS-treated mice. Also, hsp60 showed greater expression 2 days after the challenge in splenocytes from rTGF-beta1-treated mice. The role played by proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and by CD28 is discussed. (+info)

Molecular basis for the enterocyte tropism exhibited by Salmonella typhimurium type 1 fimbriae. (5/7066)

Salmonella typhimurium exhibits a distinct tropism for mouse enterocytes that is linked to their expression of type 1 fimbriae. The distinct binding traits of Salmonella type 1 fimbriae is also reflected in their binding to selected mannosylated proteins and in their ability to promote secondary bacterial aggregation on enterocyte surfaces. The determinant of binding in Salmonella type 1 fimbriae is a 35-kDa structurally distinct fimbrial subunit, FimHS, because inactivation of fimHS abolished binding activity in the resulting mutant without any apparent effect on fimbrial expression. Surprisingly, when expressed in the absence of other fimbrial components and as a translational fusion protein with MalE, FimHS failed to demonstrate any specific binding tropism and bound equally to all cells and mannosylated proteins tested. To determine if the binding specificity of Salmonella type 1 fimbriae was determined by the fimbrial shaft that is intimately associated with FimHS, we replaced the amino-terminal half of FimHS with the corresponding sequence from Escherichia coli FimH (FimHE) that contains the receptor binding domain of FimHE. The resulting hybrid fimbriae bearing FimHES on a Salmonella fimbrial shaft exhibited binding traits that resembled that of Salmonella rather than E. coli fimbriae. Apparently, the quaternary constraints imposed by the fimbrial shaft on the adhesin determine the distinct binding traits of S. typhimurium type 1 fimbriae. (+info)

Environmental signals modulate ToxT-dependent virulence factor expression in Vibrio cholerae. (6/7066)

The regulatory protein ToxT directly activates the transcription of virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae, including cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). Specific environmental signals stimulate virulence factor expression by inducing the transcription of toxT. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation by the ToxT protein is also modulated by environmental signals. ToxT expressed from an inducible promoter activated high-level expression of CT and TCP in V. cholerae at 30 degrees C, but expression of CT and TCP was significantly decreased or abolished by the addition of 0.4% bile to the medium and/or an increase of the temperature to 37 degrees C. Also, expression of six ToxT-dependent TnphoA fusions was modulated by temperature and bile. Measurement of ToxT-dependent transcription of genes encoding CT and TCP by ctxAp- and tcpAp-luciferase fusions confirmed that negative regulation by 37 degrees C or bile occurs at the transcriptional level in V. cholerae. Interestingly, ToxT-dependent transcription of these same promoters in Salmonella typhimurium was relatively insensitive to regulation by temperature or bile. These data are consistent with ToxT transcriptional activity being modulated by environmental signals in V. cholerae and demonstrate an additional level of complexity governing the expression of virulence factors in this pathogen. We propose that negative regulation of ToxT-dependent transcription by environmental signals prevents the incorrect temporal and spatial expression of virulence factors during cholera pathogenesis. (+info)

Peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing activity of the FlgJ protein, essential for flagellar rod formation in Salmonella typhimurium. (7/7066)

Because the rod structure of the flagellar basal body crosses the inner membrane, the periplasmic space, and the outer membrane, its formation must involve hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan layer. So far, more than 10 genes have been shown to be required for rod formation in Salmonella typhimurium. Some of them encode the component proteins of the rod structure, and most of the remaining genes are believed to encode proteins involved in the export process of the component proteins. Although FlgJ has also been known to be involved in rod formation, its exact role has not been understood. Recently, it was suggested that the C-terminal half of the FlgJ protein has homology to the active center of some muramidase enzymes from gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we showed that the purified FlgJ protein from S. typhimurium has a peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing activity and that this activity is localized in its C-terminal half. Through oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, we constructed flgJ mutants with amino acid substitutions in the putative active center of the muramidase. The resulting mutants produced FlgJ proteins with reduced enzymatic activity and showed poor motility. These results indicate that the muramidase activity of FlgJ is essential for flagellar formation. Immunoblotting analysis with the fractionated cell extracts revealed that FlgJ is exported to the periplasmic space, where the peptidoglycan layer is localized. On the basis of these results, we conclude that FlgJ is the flagellum-specific muramidase which hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan layer to assemble the rod structure in the periplasmic space. (+info)

Molecular survey of the Salmonella phage typing system of Anderson. (8/7066)

Typing phages for Salmonella and the prophages of their typical propagation strains were analyzed at the DNA level. Most of them belong to the P22 branch of the lambdoid phages. Acquisition of new plating properties of the typing phages by propagation in particular strains can be due to different host specific modifications of the DNA or to recombination events with residing prophages which are reflected by changes in the respective DNA restriction patterns. It is concluded that the actually available set of typing phages is a historically unique combination of strains. (+info)

Salmonella ser. Typhimurium , 6.9 at 61.5 °C (142.7 °F)[46]. (A log10 reduction between 6 and 7 means that 1 bacterium out of 1 ... it also kills the harmful bacteria Salmonella, Listeria, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurized_milk

... the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium; the virus bacteriophage T4, an RNA virus and humans. In such studies, numerous mutations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction

... the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium; the virus bacteriophage T4, an RNA virus, and humans. The intermolecular forces likely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_quaternary_structure

... the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium; and the virus bacteriophage T4. In several such studies, numerous mutations defective in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_(genetics)

Reinigung und Eigenschaften der L-Histidinolphosphat-2-Oxoglutarat-Aminotransferase (EC 2. 6. 1. 9.) aus Salmonella typhimurium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Mecke

isolated the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) homologue. Later it would be shown by Smith and Maguire ... Tao T, Snavely MD, Farr SG, Maguire ME (May 1995). "Magnesium transport in Salmonella typhimurium: mgtA encodes a P-type ATPase ... Snavely MD, Miller CG, Maguire ME (Jan 1991). "The mgtB Mg2+ transport locus of Salmonella typhimurium encodes a P-type ATPase ... Gibson MM, Bagga DA, Miller CG, Maguire ME (Nov 1991). "Magnesium transport in Salmonella typhimurium: the influence of new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_transporter

"Shikimate kinase isoenzymes in Salmonella typhimurium". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 243 (3): 676-7. PMID 4866525. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikimate_kinase

In 1890 he isolated Salmonella typhimurium. In 1893, he was involved in research into the flour moth, "scourge of the flour ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Danysz_(biologist)

Eisenstark, A. (1965). "Mutagen-induced hybridization of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 X Escherichia coli K12 Hfr". Proceedings of ... strains of Salmonella typhimurium; the discovery that bacteriophage can transfer plasmid genes as well as chromosomal genes; ... Wormser, Gary P.; Janda, J. Michael (2008). "Review of Salmonella Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology, edited ... Schatten, H.; Eisenstark, A. (22 August 2007). Schatten, Heide; Eisenstark, Abraham (eds.). Salmonella: Methods and Protocols. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Eisenstark

... has mutagenic effects on Salmonella typhimurium. The maximum safe concentration of dichloroacetylene in air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetylene

Luginbuhl GH, Hofler JG, Decedue CJ, Burns RO (October 1974). "Biodegradative L-threonine deaminase of Salmonella typhimurium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine_ammonia-lyase

Salmonella typhimurium propanediol diffusion facilitator (gene pduF). Yeast FPS1, a glycerol uptake/efflux facilitator protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_intrinsic_proteins

Active site between two monomers of glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium. Cation binding sites are yellow and ... "Feedback inhibition of fully unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium by glycine, alanine, and serine". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamine_synthetase

Arena F, Ciliberto G, Ciampi S, Cortese R (1978). "Purification of pseudouridylate synthetase I from Salmonella typhimurium". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA-pseudouridine_synthase_I

Typing of Salmonella typhimurium by means of bacteriophage. The Bacteriological Hygienical Department of the Royal Veterinary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_monographs

The CorA transport system is the primary Mg2+ influx system of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. CorA is ubiquitous ... October 1998). "The CorA Mg2+ transport protein of Salmonella typhimurium. Mutagenesis of conserved residues in the third ... "The CorA Mg2+ transport protein of Salmonella typhimurium. Mutagenesis of conserved residues in the third membrane domain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CorA_metal_ion_transporter

It is primarily found in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Enterobactin is the ... Pollack JR, Neilands JB (March 1970). "Enterobactin, an iron transport compound from Salmonella typhimurium". Biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobactin

The plasmid is a natural plasmid from Salmonella typhimurium. In the early 1970s, Herbert Boyer and Stanley Norman Cohen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSC101

Wang JY, Koshland DE (1982). "The reversible phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium". Arch. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase_(NADP )_kinase

Yourno J, Ino I (1968). "Purification and crystallization of histidinol dehydrogenase from Salmonella typhimurium LT-2". J. ... Loper JC (1968). "Histidinol dehydrogenase from Salmonella typhimurium Crystallization and composition studies". J. Biol. Chem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidinol_dehydrogenase

Stolowich NJ, Iida K, Scott AI (1992). "Expression of 9 Salmonella typhimurium enzymes for cobinamide synthesis. Identification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precorrin-2_C20-methyltransferase

Stolowich NJ, Iida K, Scott AI (1992). "Expression of 9 Salmonella typhimurium enzymes for cobinamide synthesis. Identification ... biosynthetic genes of Salmonella typhimurium". J. Bacteriol. 175 (11): 3303-16. doi:10.1128/jb.175.11.3303-3316.1993. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precorrin-8X_methylmutase

Gupta SD, Wu HC, Rick PD (August 1997). "A Salmonella typhimurium genetic locus which confers copper tolerance on copper- ... 5) suppressors of copper sensitivity (TC# 5.A.1.5.1; copper tolerance proteins) of Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfide_oxidoreductase_D

Wang JY, Koshland DE (October 1, 1982). "The reversible phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr.

... "sRNAs and the virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium". RNA Biology. 9 (4): 437-45. doi:10.4161/rna.20480. PMC ... Polymyxin envelope stress assays such as this have been used for the study of small RNA (sRNA) responses in Salmonella enterica ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymyxin_B

P. Chen, D. I. Andersson & J. R. Roth (September 1994). "The control region of the pdu/cob regulon in Salmonella typhimurium". ... R. M. Jeter (May 1990). "Cobalamin-dependent 1,2-propanediol utilization by Salmonella typhimurium". Journal of General ... I. Stojiljkovic, A. J. Baumler & F. Heffron (March 1995). "Ethanolamine utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: nucleotide ... "Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Colonizing the Lumen of the Chicken Intestine Grows Slowly and Upregulates a Unique Set ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_microcompartment

Kohlhaw G, Leary TR, Umbarger HE (1969). "Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase from Salmonella typhimurium Purification and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-isopropylmalate_synthase

Purification and properties of component I from Salmonella typhimurium". Biochemistry. 7 (10): 3566-73. doi:10.1021/bi00850a034 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthranilate_synthase

"Prevention of Salmonella typhimurium colonization of broilers with D-mannose". Poultry science. 68 (10): 1357-60. doi:10.3382/ ... "Inhibition by mannose of in vitro colonization of chicken small intestine by Salmonella typhimurium". Poultry science. 68 (10 ... "Effect of Carbohydrates on Salmonella typhimurium Colonization in Broiler Chickens". Avian Diseases. 33 (3): 531-4. doi:10.2307 ... to inhibit salmonella infections. Different studies showed that salmonella can bind via type-1-fimbriae (finger-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannan_oligosaccharide-based_nutritional_supplements

"Lipid A modifications in polymyxin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium: PMRA-dependent 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, and ... "Purification and characterization of the L-Ara4N transferase protein ArnT from Salmonella typhimurium". Protein Expression and ... "Accumulation of a polyisoprene-linked amino sugar in polymyxin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: ... "Identification of a functionally important loop in Salmonella typhimurium ArnT". Biochemistry. 49 (1): 29-35. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_IVA_4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyltransferase

... resistance system in Salmonella typhimurium: no evidence for direct acting mutagenesis by 15-oxosteviol, a possible metabolite ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಸ್ಟೀವಿಯಾ

Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhimurium) has also been described as a cause of bacillary dysentery,[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillary_dysentery

"Residence time and food contact time effects on transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium from tile, wood and carpet: testing the five ... "Residence time and food contact time effects on transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium from tile, wood and carpet: testing the five ... A more thorough study in 2006 using salmonella on wood, tiles, and nylon carpet, found that the bacteria were able to thrive ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-second_rule

January 1980). "Genetic control of susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium in mice: Role of the LPS gene". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) as seen with a microscope at 1000 fold magnification and following Gram ...

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ଟ୍ରୋଏଣ୍ଟେରାଇଟିସ୍

Decameric structure of AhpC, a bacterial 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin from Salmonella typhimurium.[141] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_scavenger

A 2006 Space Shuttle experiment found that Salmonella typhimurium, a bacterium that can cause food poisoning, became more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) tulad ng nakikita sa pamamagitan ng isang mikroskopyo na pinalaki ng 1000 ... Ang pinaka-karaniwang mga organismo ay ang: Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, at Salmonella.[70] ... Salmonella typhi,[56] at Giardia na uri.[23] Sa mga may Giardia o Entamoeba histolytica na uri, ang paggamot gamit ang ... Salmonella,Shigella, at Campylobacter.[16] Kung ang pagkain ay nakontamina ng bakterya at nanatili sa temperatura ng silid ng ...

https://tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteraytis

Salmonella typhimurium. *Protozoa *Giardia lamblia. *Eimeria vrste. *Histomonas meleagridis. Medicinska upotreba[уреди]. Ovaj ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furazolidon

"Magnesium transport in Salmonella typhimurium: genetic characterization and cloning of three magnesium transport loci". Journal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_magnesium

1gzs: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN THE GEF DOMAIN OF THE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM SOPE TOXIN AND HUMAN CDC42 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC42

... lalo na sa mga hindi tipikal na serotypes Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella choleraesuis and ... Osteomyelitis na ang pinakakaraniwang sanhi ng sickle cell disease angSalmonella ( ... Salmonella paratyphi B) na sinundan ngStaphylococcus aureus at Gram-negative enteric bacilli na marahil ay dahil ang ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakit_na_sickle-cell

... in Australia using such vectors as Salmonella typhimurium, vaccinia, and canine herpesvirus, but no reduction in fertility has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocontraception

... are caused by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium or Salmonella enterica Enteritidis. A new form of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST313) ... Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium, but can be abbreviated to Salmonella Typhimurium. Further ... Initially, each Salmonella "species" was named according to clinical considerations,[39] for example Salmonella typhi-murium ( ... The two species of Salmonella are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. S. enterica is the type species and is further ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella

"A novel transcriptional regulation mechanism in the flagellar regulon of Salmonella typhimurium: an antisigma factor inhibits ... Anti-sigma factors have been found in a number of bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and in the T4 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-sigma_factor

Salmonella typhimurium. *Protozoa *Giardia lamblia. *Eimeria vrste. *Histomonas meleagridis. Medicinska upotreba[uredi - уреди ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furazolidon

... integron-borne multiple-antibiotic resistance carried by IncFI and IncL/M plasmids in Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integron

"Composition of Herba Pogostemonis water extract and protection of infected mice against Salmonella typhimurium-induced liver ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synephrine

"Isolation and Characterization of Proline Peptidase Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium". Journal of Bacteriology. 120 (1): 364- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-directed_mutagenesis

2-Phenylbenzimidazol in Salmonella typhimurium TA 102 and HaCaT Keratinocytes". International Journal of Environmental Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_protection_factor

Genetic control of susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium in mice: role of the LPS gene»։ Journal of Immunology 124 (1): 20-4 ...

https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Մասնակից:ArmArtificial_Intelligence/Ավազարկղ

... comparou especificamente a fitness global das cepas resistentes a anibióticos de Escherichia coli e Salmonella typhimurium coas ... Salmonella e E. coli[editar , editar a fonte]. As infección por Escherichia coli e Salmonella adoita ser o resultado do consumo ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistencia_a_antibióticos

Salmonella typhimurium) নামৰ বেক্টেৰিয়াৰ প্লাজমিডত সুমুৱাই দিছিল। এইদৰে ৰূপান্তৰিত প্লাজমিডবোৰ পিছত E. coli বেক্টেৰিয়াৰ দেহত ...

https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/জৈৱ_প্রযুক্তিবিদ্যা

Phage typing of Salmonella Typhimurium - is it still a useful tool for surveillance and outbreak investigation?. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_structure

"Genetic control of susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium in mice: role of the LPS gene". Journal of Immunology. 124 (1): 20- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septicaemia

This has not been the case in other countries, however, where Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium infections due ... 2007). "Large outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135 infections associated with the consumption of products ... only 2.3 million are contaminated with Salmonella-equivalent to just one in every 30,000 eggs-thus showing Salmonella infection ... Salmonella is killed instantly at 71 °C (160 °F), but also is killed from 54.5 °C (130.1 °F), if held at that temperature for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggs

"Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Infection Causing Mortality in Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) in Hokkaido" ( ... and mass deaths due to Salmonella infection have been noted in Japan.[67] Avian malaria parasites have been found in the blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Tree_Sparrow

A 2006 Space Shuttle experiment found that Salmonella typhimurium, a bacterium that can cause food poisoning, became more ...

https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/সংক্ৰামক_ৰোগ

Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Hedgehogs ... Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Live Poultry in Backyard Flocks, 2013plus icon *Advice to Consumers ... Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Laboratory Exposure, 2017plus icon *Advice to Students & Employees in ... Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Frozen Feeder Rodents, 2014plus icon *Advice to Pet Owners ...

https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/typhimurium-hedgehogs-09-12/index.html

Hedgehogs connected to the outbreak of Salmonella There has been a Salmonella outbreak across states in the United States and ... Simple solution to prevent Salmonella from affecting eggs Salmonella is a key cause of foodborne gastroenteritis around the ... CDC warning on Salmonella infections in humans from backyard poultry CDC and other U.S health services are investigating eight ... Scientists develop machine-learning approach to identify source of Salmonella A team of scientists led by researchers at the ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Salmonella-Typhimurium

Virulence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. Johanna Björkman, Diarmaid Hughes, and Dan I. Andersson ... Intracellular cyclic AMP concentration is decreased in Salmonella typhimurium fur mutants. Núria Busquets, Ignacio Badiola, ... Escape from growth restriction in small colony variants of Salmonella typhimurium by gene amplification and mutation ... Vaccination of mice with live recombinant Salmonella typhimurium aroA against H. pylori: parameters associated with ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/95/7/3949/tab-article-info

Salmonella typhimurium invasion induces apoptosis in infected macrophages. D M Monack, B Raupach, A E Hromockyj, and S Falkow ... Salmonella typhimurium invasion induces apoptosis in infected macrophages Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message ... Invasive S. typhimurium and Salmonella typhi, independent of their ability to replicate intracellularly, are cytotoxic to ... Invasive Salmonella typhimurium induces dramatic cytoskeletal changes on the membrane surface of mammalian epithelial cells and ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/93/18/9833?ijkey=73e30ed46fba2e4be1195ea37213d256062dfb28&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Global regulation by CsrA in Salmonella typhimurium.. Lawhon SD1, Frye JG, Suyemoto M, Porwollik S, McClelland M, Altier C. ... CsrA is a regulator of invasion genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. To investigate the wider role of CsrA in gene ... The genes of two metabolic pathways likely to be used by Salmonella in the intestinal milieu also showed reduced expression: ... As expected, we found that expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) invasion genes was greatly reduced in the ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791144?dopt=Abstract

Since August 2019, the outbreak, caused by Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Anatum, has affected three European Union ... An Australian university has been awarded a grant to improve the effectiveness of a Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine in poultry. ... Queensland Health is investigating Salmonella Typhimurium infections predominantly among young children that had contact with ... Flinders University scientists developed a shell egg decontamination method that removed Salmonella Typhimurium from the ...

https://www.foodsafetynews.com/tag/salmonella-typhimurium/

Under several sets of conditions, all of which seem to perturb purine metabolism, Salmonella typhimurium releases a variety of ... These results raise the possibility that Salmonella typhimurium harbors cryptic phages that are subject to a novel system of ... A Novel P22 Prophage in Salmonella typhimurium. Diana M. Downs and John R. Roth ... A Novel P22 Prophage in Salmonella typhimurium. Diana M. Downs and John R. Roth ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/117/3/367

... an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was detected. It sickened…. Continue Reading Several ill in Danish Salmonella ... Eighty-two cases of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium have been confirmed, with symptom onsets between Aug. 28…. Continue ... Authorities in Sweden are investigating a national outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium which has affected almost 40 ... Salmonella outbreak was first linked to tomatoes in Sweden. By Joe Whitworth on November 27, 2019. ...

https://www.foodsafetynews.com/tag/monophasic-salmonella-typhimurium/

Salmonella typhimuriummeningitis in infancy is very uncommon and does not respond to usual duration of empirical antibiotic ... Totan M. Neonatal Salmonella typhimurium meningitis. Indian J Pediatr. 2001;68:1079-80.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Salmonella typhimurium meningitis during the neonatal period. Ugeskr Laeger. 1990;152:1456-7.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Salmonella typhimurium meningitis in infancy is very uncommon and does not respond to usual duration of empirical antibiotic ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12098-017-2562-3

enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage P22 ATCC ® 19585-B1™ Designation: P22 TypeStrain=False Application: Emerging ... Formerly Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage Transducing phage for Salmonella Groups ... Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards) Le Minor and Popoff serovar Typhimurium (ATCC® 19585™) Add to ... Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage P22 (ATCC® 19585-B1™) Strain Designations: P22 [PLT-22(22 ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Bacteria/Alphanumeric_Genus__Species/19585-B1.aspx

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is the most common Salmonella serovar isolated from humans in Australia. The most ... Temperate phages in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: implications for epidemiology.. Mmolawa PT1, Willmore R, Thomas CJ ... S. Typhimurium DT 9 was converted to DT 64 and DT 135 was converted to DT 16. S. Typhimurium DT 41 was also converted to DT 29 ... Crude phage lysate induced from S. Typhimurium DT 64 was capable of phage type conversion. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12008917?dopt=Abstract

Salmonella typhimurium outbreak sickens 388 Jan 07, 2009 - 8 comments Tags: salmonella. , outbreak. , diarrhea. , stool. Ill ... Peanut Butter Product Recall (Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak): Note: This list includes food products subject to recall in ... Since September 2008, 388 across 42 states have become sick with Salmonella typhimurium and 18% (around 70 folks) have had to ... I got Salmonella in April of 2008, and became mighty ill. I was stunned at the number of hours health professionals spent with ...

https://www.medhelp.org/user_journals/show/52013/Salmonella-typhimurium-outbreak-sickens-388-

TRANSDUCTION TO PENICILLIN AND CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. S. Banič. Genetics May 1, 1959 vol. 44 no ... TRANSDUCTION TO PENICILLIN AND CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. S. Banič. Genetics May 1, 1959 vol. 44 no ... TRANSDUCTION TO PENICILLIN AND CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM. S. Banič. Genetics May 1, 1959 vol. 44 no ... TRANSDUCTION TO PENICILLIN AND CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ...

http://www.genetics.org/content/44/3/449

Salmonella Typhimurium is a major diarrheal pathogen and associated with invasive nontyphoid Salmonella (iNTS) disease in ... Salmonella enterica is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the United States. S. Typhimurium is capable of ... Dopamine Is a Siderophore-Like Iron Chelator That Promotes Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence in Mice Here we ... Lack of AcrB Efflux Function Confers Loss of Virulence on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Antibiotic resistance is a ...

https://mbio.asm.org/keyword/salmonella-typhimurium

Oxygen regulation in Salmonella typhimurium.. K L Strauch, J B Lenk, B L Gamble, C G Miller ... Oxygen regulation in Salmonella typhimurium. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/161/2/673/article-info

We have isolated pseudorevertants of S. typhimurium apeA mutations that have regained the ability t … ... Mutations at the apeA locus in Salmonella typhimurium lead to loss of a soluble enzyme (protease I) that hydrolyzes the ... Mutations affecting a regulated, membrane-associated esterase in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 Mol Gen Genet. 1994 Jun 15;243(6): ... Mutations at the apeA locus in Salmonella typhimurium lead to loss of a soluble enzyme ("protease I") that hydrolyzes the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8028584/?dopt=Abstract

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: hpt. EC: 2.4.2.8. ... Crystal Structure of the HPRT from Salmonella Typhimurium at 2.3 A Resolution. Lee, C.C., Focia, P.J., Spraggon, G., Eakin, A.E ... Crystal Structure of the HPRT from Salmonella typhimurium. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1J7J/pdb ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1j7j

... Curr Biol. 2000 Nov 30;10(23):1543-5. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822 ... We report here that the enterobacterium Salmonella typhimurium, generally considered to be a highly adapted pathogen with a ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11114526/?dopt=Abstract

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: TRPA/TRPB/TRPC. EC: 4.2.1.20. ... Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: TRPA/TRPB/TRPC. EC: 4.2.1.20. ... Three-Dimensional Structure of the Tryptophan Synthase Alpha 2 Beta 2 Multienzyme Complex from Salmonella Typhimurium. Hyde, C. ... We report refined crystal structures of the tryptophan synthase alpha2beta2 complex from Salmonella typhimurium in the presence ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1BKS

Typhimurium (SIHUMI-AS) compared to SIHUMI mice with S. Typhimurium only (SIHUMI-S). The number of mucin filled goblet cells ... Typhimurium was investigated. Presence of A. muciniphila in S. Typhimurium-infected SIHUMI mice caused significantly increased ... In addition, loss of cecal mucin sulphation was observed in SIHUMI mice containing both A. muciniphila and S. Typhimurium ... how the presence of a mucin degrading commensal bacterium affects the severity of an intestinal Salmonella enterica Typhimurium ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0074963

We found that the basolateral media of model epithelia that had been apically infected with Salmonella typhimurium for a short ... S. typhimurium. . (. a. ) Model epithelia were basolaterally exposed to indicated concentration of LPS, flagellin, or TNF-α. IL ... S. typhimurium. or indicated mutant strain. Nonadherent bacteria were removed by washing three times with HBSS. IL-8 secretion ... In support of this finding, flagellin-deficient S. typhimurium mutants did not secrete detectable levels of PIF (i.e., a ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/10501/figure/11

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Salmonella+typhimurium&type=mesh

Browse our Salmonella typhimurium Antibodies all backed by our Guarantee+. ... Salmonella typhimurium Antibodies. We offer Salmonella typhimurium Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA. ... Our Salmonella typhimurium Antibodies can be used in a variety of model species: Bacteria. Use the list below to choose the ... Each Salmonella typhimurium Antibody is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support ...

https://www.novusbio.com/primary-antibodies/salmonella-typhimurium

In Australia, Salmonella Typhimurium is frequently involved in egg and egg product related foodborne illness and Salmonella ... In Australia, Salmonella Typhimurium is frequently involved in egg and egg product related foodborne illness and Salmonella ... At 14 weeks of age hens were orally infected with either S. Typhimurium PT 9 or S. Typhimurium PT 9 and Salmonella Mbandaka. ... At 14 weeks of age hens were orally infected with either S. Typhimurium PT 9 or S. Typhimurium PT 9 and Salmonella Mbandaka. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00203/full

... Nov 5, 2006 - 4:24:00 AM , Reviewed by: Priya Saxena ... including Salmonella-related illness, from fresh produce.. Tomatoes have been linked to 7 salmonella outbreaks since 1990.. ... which found consuming tomatoes in restaurants as the cause of illnesses in the Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak. To date, 21 ... Salmonella can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with ...

http://www.rxpgnews.com/epidemics/Tomatoes_in_Restaurants_Linked_to_Salmonella_Typhi_5128_5128.shtml

Four European Salmonella Typhimurium datasets collected to develop WGS-based source attribution methods. Access & Citations. * ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0417-7/metrics?error=cookies_not_supported&code=5c289871-591a-483c-97b0-1eae71c06559

... salmonella typhimurium include Quantification of Cytosolic vs. Vacuolar Salmonella in Primary Macrophages by Differential ... Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages, Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of ... A Protocol to Infect Caenorhabditis elegans with Salmonella typhimurium, DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into ... Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis, Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell- ...

https://www.jove.com/keyword/salmonella+typhimurium

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes of Salmonella typhimurium. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ... Cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes of Salmonella typhimurium.. R M Jeter, J R Roth ... The enteric bacterium Salmonella typhimurium synthesizes cobalamin (vitamin B12) de novo only under anaerobic growth conditions ... typhimurium genetic map. These genes are located at 41 map units and near the his operon. No essential genes lie between the ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/169/7/3189

Targeted cancer immunotherapy with engineered Salmonella typhimurium secreting heterologous bacterial flagellin [abstract]. (aacrjournals.org)
ABSTRACT: Control of within-herd transmission of Salmonella is important for reducing the prevalence of this organism on pig farms and for preventing Salmonella-contamination of pork. (scirp.org)
article{3186904, abstract = {Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a main cause of bacterial food-borne diseases. (ugent.be)

More information about Salmonella , and steps people can take to reduce their risk of infection, can be found on the CDC Salmonella Web Page . (cdc.gov)
One death associated with Salmonella infection was reported in Washington. (cdc.gov)
The ability of Salmonella to promote apoptosis may be important for the initiation of infection, bacterial survival, and escape of the host immune response. (pnas.org)
Researchers have described the first outbreak of Salmonella in Sweden that had small tomatoes as the likely source of infection. (foodsafetynews.com)
Salmonella enterica is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the United States. (asm.org)
Kiehl W . Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT204b infection in Germany. (eurosurveillance.org)
The hypothesis of this study was that the Salmonella Typhimurium can colonize the gut for a prolonged period of time and that horizontal infection through feces is the main route of egg contamination. (frontiersin.org)
Salmonella shedding in feces and eggs was monitored for 15 weeks post-infection. (frontiersin.org)
Egg shell contamination was higher in S . Typhimurium + S . Mbandaka infected group (7.2% S . Typhimurium, 14.1% S . Mbandaka) compared to birds infected with S . Typhimurium (5.66%) however, co-infection had no significant impact on egg contamination by S . Typhimurium. (frontiersin.org)
The findings of current study demonstrated intermittent but persistent fecal shedding of Salmonella after oral infection for up to 15 weeks p.i. (frontiersin.org)
Further, egg shell contamination, with lack of internal egg content contamination and the low frequency of reproductive organ infection suggested that horizontal infection through contaminated feces is the main route of egg contamination with S . Typhimurium in laying hens. (frontiersin.org)
Salmonella infection is a major global public health problem, which has caused food-borne illnesses in many countries. (frontiersin.org)
S. Typhimurium is one of the predominant serotypes in many developed and developing countries, and the global outbreak of food-borne diseases due to infection by S . Typhimurium is impressive. (frontiersin.org)
Symptoms of Salmonella infection begin anywhere from 6 to 72 hours after a person ingests Salmonella bacteria and typically last 3 to 7 days, though in some cases can last longer and be potentially fatal. (marlerclark.com)
Any person who believes they have contracted a Salmonella infection should consult a doctor immediately. (marlerclark.com)
If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with a Salmonella infection you should call your local health department to help ensure a larger outbreak does not take place. (marlerclark.com)
If you or a family member became ill with a Salmonella infection and you're interested in pursuing a legal claim, you can contact a Marler Clark Salmonella lawyer for a free case evaluation. (marlerclark.com)
In relation to diarrhoeal disease, non-typhoidal Salmonella can exploit the gut mucosal inflammatory response that accompanies infection in immunocompetent individuals to gain a selective advantage over the resident gut microbiota in the inflamed gut lumen. (kenyon.edu)
Common modes of infection for Salmonella Typhimurium are by food-borne transmission including processed foods such as chocolate and jalapeño peppers [1] . (kenyon.edu)
The researchers found that compared with cases of recent Salmonella infection with strains other than the outbreak strain, the outbreak cases were more often associated with exposure to frogs, most often African dwarf frogs. (empr.com)
The results of current in-silico study showed the potential involvement of S. typhimurium infection with alteration in normal functioning of host cell which act as possible factor to connect with the growth and development of colon cancer. (dovepress.com)
These findings add a new dimension to interkingdom signaling and provide novel clues to explain the increased susceptibility of a stressed host to Salmonella infection. (medworm.com)
Fermentable fiber reduces recovery time and improves intestinal function in piglets following Salmonella typhimurium infection. (biomedsearch.com)
S. typhimurium infection produced diarrhea in controls and MCEL groups, but not in the SPS and FOS groups. (biomedsearch.com)
Because fermentable fiber enhances intestinal function and reduces the severity of S. typhimurium infection-associated symptoms, it may be a cost-effective way in which to reduce the severity of pathogenic infection-associated symptoms in infants. (biomedsearch.com)
The type three secreted effector SipC regulates the trafficking of PERP during Salmonella infection. (umassmed.edu)
Salmonella infection induces recruitment of Caspase-8 to the inflammasome to modulate IL-1ß production. (umassmed.edu)
On 1 May 2012 the Communicable Disease Control (CDC) section of the ACT Health Protection Service was alerted to a higher than expected number of laboratory diagnoses of Salmonella infection. (health.gov.au)
Cases were identified either via routine public health investigation of any laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infection or via interrogation of contacts listed on the caf 's booking list for 25 April 2012. (health.gov.au)
Background: S. Typhi, a human-restricted Salmonella enterica serovar, causes a systemic intracellular infection in humans (typhoid fever). (harvard.edu)
Among the 20 commonly used amino acids, S. Typhimurium specifically responded to ʟ-arginine with an increase in c-di-GMP, suggesting that ʟ-arginine may serve as a signal during S. Typhimurium infection. (sciencemag.org)
Baicalin protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection via the modulation of both bacterial virulence and host response. (bioportfolio.com)
The ArcAB two-component regulatory system promotes resistance to reactive oxygen species and systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium. (bioportfolio.com)
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an intracellular bacterium that overcomes host immune system barriers for successful infection. (bioportfolio.com)
Type I interferons differentially modulate maternal host immunity to infection by Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium during pregnancy. (bioportfolio.com)
Stool and blood samples from patients with a non-typhoid Salmonella infection will be collected during an observation period of six months and analyzed for changes in the microbiota divers. (bioportfolio.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether CVD 1902 (a live, attenuated, oral vaccine) is safe and effective in the prevention of Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A infection. (bioportfolio.com)
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. (bioportfolio.com)
Bafilomycin inhibition of vacuolar acidification from the onset of infection significantly decreased the survival of S. typhimurium in macrophages. (asm.org)
Due to previously observed association in hospital admissions for IBD and hospital admissions for bacterial infections, this study explored whether initial and repeated GI infection with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST) accelerated onset of IBD. (empr.com)
The study found that even months after cessation of Salmonella infection, inflammation persisted. (empr.com)
Salmonella infection was found to increase endogenous neuraminidase (Neu) activity among enterocytes by a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent mechanism. (empr.com)
We also show that S. typhimurium infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells results in the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK, JNK, and p38. (jimmunol.org)

Collaborative epidemiologic, laboratory, and traceback findings linked this outbreak of human Salmonella infections to contact with pet hedgehogs purchased from multiple sources in different states. (cdc.gov)
However, contact with hedgehogs continues to be a source of human Salmonella infections. (cdc.gov)
CDC collaborated with public health and agriculture officials in many states and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Care, to investigate an outbreak of human Salmonella Typhimurium infections linked to contact with pet hedgehogs purchased from multiple sources in different states. (cdc.gov)
Scientists have identified a single genetic change in Salmonella that is playing a key role in the devastating epidemic of bloodstream infections currently killing around 400,000 people each year in sub-Saharan Africa. (news-medical.net)
The number of Salmonella and Campylobacter infections remained stable this past year according to data from Health Protection Scotland. (foodsafetynews.com)
More than half of Salmonella infections in Ireland last year were associated with international travel, according to a recent report. (foodsafetynews.com)
Antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is associated with excess bloodstream infections and hospitalizations. (springer.com)
Foodborne gastric infections due to Salmonella enterica are of major concern worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
In 2010, S . Typhimurium was the most commonly notified Salmonella serotype accounting for 5241 (44%) cases of all Salmonella notified infections in Australia ( OzFoodNet Working Group, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
Salmonella can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. (rxpgnews.com)
Alvseike O , Leegaard T , Aavitsland P , Lassen J . Tendances évolutives des infections à Salmonella Typhimurium multirésistante en Norvège. (eurosurveillance.org)
La plupart des infections à S. Typhimurium multirésistantes contractées en Norvège étaient dues au lysotype DT104. (eurosurveillance.org)
At least 15 victims of the outbreak have been confirmed ill with Salmonella Typhimurium infections, with eight from Kane County, four from DuPage County, one from Chicago, one from DeKalb County, and one from Minnesota. (marlerclark.com)
It is a Non-Typhoidal Salmonella serotype that causes diarrhea and paediatric blood stream infections (bacteremia). (kenyon.edu)
We suggest these results may provide an explanation for relapse infections resulting from persistent Salmonella infections, and suggest a possible means of targeting antibacterials against intracellular pathogens. (hu-berlin.de)
HealthDay News) - An outbreak of primarily pediatric Salmonella Typhimurium infections in the United States has been traced to aquatic African dwarf frogs kept as pets, according to a study published online March 11 in Pediatrics . (empr.com)
Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, RN, MPH, from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, and colleagues investigated the source of an outbreak of 376 cases of human Salmonella Typhimurium infections occurring primarily among children from 44 states from 2008-2011, which resulted in 56 hospitalizations but no deaths. (empr.com)
This is the first reported outbreak of human Salmonella infections associated with African dwarf frogs, particularly among young children," Zarecki and colleagues conclude. (empr.com)
Infections of Salmonella typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ) are major threats to health, threats include diarrhoea, fever, acute intestinal inflammation, and cancer. (dovepress.com)
Several gene expression-associated proteins of S. typhimurium have been predicted to target the host nucleus during intracellular infections. (dovepress.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is collaborating with public health officials in many states and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) to investigate a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Epidemiologic and traceback investigations conducted by officials in local, state, and federal public health, agriculture, and regulatory agencies indicate that ground beef produced by Jouni Meats, Inc. and Gab Halal Foods are likely sources of this outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The results from this study refute several hypotheses on the evolution of DT104 and suggest that WGS may be useful in monitoring emerging clones and devising strategies for prevention of Salmonella infections. (asm.org)
On 8 January 2009 , the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States (US) reported an ongoing multistate outbreak of human infections due to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. (gov.hk)
1. Repeated gastrointestinal infections in mice, in this case Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST), caused intestinal tissue inflammation which escalated with repeated infections. (empr.com)
The study found persistent inflammation after months of cessation of additional Salmonella infections. (empr.com)
Overall, IAP augmentation or Neu inhibition may represent novel candidate therapies that can be used for the treatment of colitis induced by Salmonella infections. (empr.com)

In PulseNet, the national subtyping network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories coordinated by CDC, DNA "fingerprints" of Salmonella bacteria are obtained through diagnostic testing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, or PFGE, to identify cases of illness that were part of this outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Gulls are one of the main wild birds that act as reservoirs of Campylobacter and Salmonella, two most relevant intestinal antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing gastroenteritis in humans. (news-medical.net)
University of Liverpool scientists have exploited the combined power of genomics and epidemiology to understand how a type of Salmonella bacteria evolved to kill hundreds of thousands of immunocompromised people in Africa. (news-medical.net)
Scientists at the University of Liverpool have taken another step forward in understanding the bacteria that are causing a devastating Salmonella epidemic currently killing around 400,000 people each year in sub-Saharan Africa. (news-medical.net)
Our Salmonella typhimurium Antibodies can be used in a variety of model species: Bacteria. (novusbio.com)
Thus, the type III apparatus of S. typhimurium , and presumably other bacteria, exists as a supramolecular structure in the bacterial envelope. (sciencemag.org)
Coloured transmission electron micrograph of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria dividing. (sciencephoto.com)
Public health investigators are using DNA 'fingerprints' of Salmonella bacteria obtained through diagnostic testing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, or PFGE, to identify cases of illness that may be part of this outbreak. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative anaerobic bacteria and can selectively grow in tumors following systemic administration. (aacrjournals.org)
Establishment of orthotopic metastatic mouse models of the major cancer types is described, as well as other useful models, for efficacy studies of S. typhimurium A1-R or other tumor-targeting bacteria, as well. (springer.com)
In human intestinal disease induced by Salmonella typhimurium, transepithelial migration of neutrophils (PMN) rapidly follows attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial apical membrane. (rupress.org)
Use of the n-formyl-peptide receptor antagonist N-t-BOC-1-methionyl-1-leucyl-1- phenylalanine (tBOC-MLP) indicated that the Salmonella-induced PMN transepithelial migration response was not attributable to the classical pathway by which bacteria induce directed migration of PMN. (rupress.org)
Moreover, the PMN transmigration response required Salmonella adhesion to the epithelial apical membrane and subsequent reciprocal protein synthesis in both bacteria and epithelial cells. (rupress.org)
Thus, we conclude that Salmonella-containing phagosomes acidify soon after formation and hypothesize that an acidic environment is necessary for survival and replication of the bacteria within the macrophage. (asm.org)
Salmonellae are bacteria found in the intestinal tract of man and animals. (gov.hk)
In addition, some of the Salmonella serotypes need a very low dose to cause disease when ingested with fatty food such as ice-cream and chocolate, which protect the bacteria from the lethal effect of the acid in stomach. (gov.hk)

Salmonella enterica subsp. (atcc.org)
Being zoonotic, Salmonella enterica subsp. (kenyon.edu)
S JanSeries Type : Expression profiling by arrayOrganism : Salmonella enterica subsp. (medworm.com)
Expression profiling by array Salmonella enterica subsp. (medworm.com)
Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. (asm.org)

Noninvasive S. typhimurium strains are unable to induce this membrane ruffling. (pnas.org)
Invasive S. typhimurium strains invade RAW264.7 macrophages in 2 h with 7- to 10-fold higher levels than noninvasive strains. (pnas.org)
Salmonella typhimurium strains carrying mutations in any of 24 different flagellar genes ( 6 ) exhibited needle complexes in their envelopes, further demonstrating that these complexes are independent of flagella ( 7 ). (sciencemag.org)
In contrast, needle structures were absent from S. typhimurium strains carrying mutations in invG , prgH , or prgK (Fig. 1 C) ( 7 ), which encode essential components of the invasion-associated type III secretion system ( 8 , 9 ). (sciencemag.org)
It is one of the few emerging invasive strains of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) [2] . (kenyon.edu)
the disease differs from other strains of Salmonella . (kenyon.edu)
Overall, there has not been an in-depth study done into the epidemiology of either invasive or non-invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella strains [1] . (kenyon.edu)
The inducibility by the SOS response of the promoter constructs was tested in both E. coli and in the Ames test Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA104. (rti.org)
The fliBfljC strain overgrows a fliCfljBznuABC mutant strain, but the difference in gut colonization between these two strains is less striking than that between the wild type and the znuABC strains, suggesting that the downregulation of flagella contributes to the loss of virulence of Salmonella znuABC . (rsc.org)
DT104 was estimated to have emerged initially as antimicrobial susceptible in ∼1948 (95% credible interval [CI], 1934 to 1962) and later became MDR DT104 in ∼1972 (95% CI, 1972 to 1988) through horizontal transfer of the 13-kb Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) MDR region into susceptible strains already containing SGI1. (asm.org)
Methodology/Principal Findings: Using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), we examined the protein expression profiles of three sequenced S. enterica strains: S. Typhimurium LT2, S. Typhi CT18, and S. Typhi Ty2 in PhoP-inducing and non-inducing conditions in vitro and compared these results to profiles of \(phoP^−/Q^−\) mutants derived from S. Typhimurium LT2 and S. Typhi Ty2. (harvard.edu)
Conclusions/Significance: This study is the first protein expression study of the PhoP virulence associated regulon using strains of Salmonella mutant in PhoP, has identified three Typhi-unique proteins (CdtB, HlyE and STY1499) that are not present in the genome of the wide host-range Typhimurium, and includes the first protein expression profiling of a live attenuated bacterial vaccine studied in humans (Ty800). (harvard.edu)
In this Phase I clinical study, three recombinant, avirulent Salmonella Typhi (RASV) strains each expressing the Streptococcus pneumoniae surface protein, PspA, will be compared as live bi. (bioportfolio.com)
in addition, other Salmonella strains were found in the plant but the strains have not been connected with any illnesses. (gov.hk)
Two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains from different clonal origins, both producing an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (TEM-52), were isolated from a patient. (asm.org)
ESBLs are extremely rare among Salmonella strains, and so detection of these resistance genes among salmonellae is of significance. (asm.org)
Recently, Salmonella strains having positive double-disk synergy tests were isolated from a 1-year-old patient who had been transferred from a Yugoslavian hospital to Hungary for cardiac surgery. (asm.org)
Because ESBLs are rare in Salmonella, these strains attracted our interest. (asm.org)
Five nucleobase analogues with antiviral properties were tested for their mutagenic activity in his mutant strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA98, and TA 100 of S. typhimurium by means of preincubation tests with and without metabolic activation by cell free fractions from mouse liver (S-9) and maize seedlings (S-14). (unboundmedicine.com)
6-Azauracil, 5-azauracil, and 5-azadihydro-1,3-diacetyluracil were without mutagenic activity in all Salmonella-strains used. (unboundmedicine.com)
However, in two unrelated S. typhimurium strains, spontaneous mutants were found forming rdar colonies independent of temperature. (ovid.com)

Salmonella Typhimurium is a major diarrheal pathogen and associated with invasive nontyphoid Salmonella (iNTS) disease in vulnerable populations. (asm.org)
We report here that the enterobacterium Salmonella typhimurium, generally considered to be a highly adapted pathogen with a narrow range of target hosts [6], is capable of infecting and killing C. elegans. (nih.gov)
The human pathogen Salmonella typhimurium encodes two type III secretion systems, although only one of them, located at centisome 63 of its chromosome, appears to be expressed in vitro ( 3 ). (sciencemag.org)
Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, through the Sub-Saharan, invasive African Salmonella Typhimurium has been discovered among the most severe HIV victims as a human-to-human pathogen [2] . (kenyon.edu)
Invasive, African Salmonella Typhimurium does not typical cause disease in healthy individuals, but those that are immunocompromised due to other diseases (eg HIV) or just for lack of overall nutrition, are much more likely to be infected by the pathogen [4] . (kenyon.edu)
Interactions between the enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and the luminal surface of the intestine provoke an acute inflammatory response, mediated in part by epithelial cell secretion of the chemokine IL-8 and other proinflammatory molecules. (jci.org)
Nuclear targeting of S. typhimurium proteins can lead to competitive interactions between the host and pathogen proteins with similar cellular substrates, and it may have a possible involvement in colon cancer growth. (dovepress.com)
Acid adaptation of Salmonella typhimurium at a pH of 5.0 to 5.8 for one to two cell doublings resulted in marked sensitization of the pathogen to halogen-based sanitizers including chlorine (hypochlorous acid) and iodine. (asm.org)
How Salmonella became a pathogen. (nii.ac.jp)
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a primary avian pathogen responsible for severe intestinal pathology in younger chickens and economic losses to poultry industry. (bioportfolio.com)
IFN-alpha receptor deficiency (IFNAR ) enhances immunity to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) in the non-pregnant state by inhibiting pathogen-induced immune. (bioportfolio.com)
The facultative intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ), ranges among the most prevalent agents of foodborne diseases. (jimmunol.org)

Colanic acid is a negatively charged polysaccharide capsule produced by Escherichia coli , Salmonella , and other gammaproteobacteria. (asm.org)
Salmonella typhimurium intercepts Escherichia coli signaling to enhance antibiotic tolerance. (umassmed.edu)
Oxidative stress responses in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. (asm.org)
Recent progress on the genetics and molecular biology of the cellular responses to oxidative stress, primarily in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, is summarized. (asm.org)
When expressed in Escherichia coli the gene directs the synthesis of an OmpA protein which is functionally and topologically indistinguishable from that made in S. typhimurium, thus indicating that export and membrane incorporation are very similar in the two organisms. (epfl.ch)

This study documents the first reported transmission of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) to premature fraternal twins via their mother's breast milk. (aappublications.org)
Antibiotic susceptibility tests coupled with PFGE patterns suggested that these Salmonella isolates were DT104. (aappublications.org)
Although MDR DT104 has declined during the last 5 years, the organism remains the most common MDR Salmonella in the United Kingdom and many other European countries ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
It has been 30 years since the initial emergence and subsequent rapid global spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (MDR DT104). (asm.org)
We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and temporally structured sequence analysis within a Bayesian framework to reconstruct temporal and spatial phylogenetic trees and estimate the rates of mutation and divergence times of 315 S . Typhimurium DT104 isolates sampled from 1969 to 2012 from 21 countries on six continents. (asm.org)
Interestingly, the demographic history of Danish MDR DT104 provided evidence for the success of the program to eradicate Salmonella from pig herds in Denmark from 1996 to 2000. (asm.org)
During the last 3 decades, S . Typhimurium phage type DT104 (DT104) emerged as the most important phage type and one of the best studied because of its rapid global dissemination ( 1 , 4 ). (asm.org)

The released phage possess an intact P22 immunity system because many can form standard immune lysogens after reinfection of Salmonella . (genetics.org)
Crude phage lysate induced from S. Typhimurium DT 64 was capable of phage type conversion. (nih.gov)
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 with chromosomally encoded resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin/spectinomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines (ACSSpSuT) was first identified and characterized in the United Kingdom in the early 1990s ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
S . Typhimurium consists of a number of subtypes that classically have been divided by phage typing. (asm.org)
PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes among four plasmids isolated from Salmonella serovar Typhimurium phage type DT193 isolates. (asm.org)
All 20 cases had faecal cultures positive for Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135a (STm 135a). (health.gov.au)

The ability possessed by Salmonella Enteritidis to colonize reproductive organs and contaminate developing eggs has been well-described. (frontiersin.org)
Cross-reactivity was observed with Salmonella paratyphi B, but not S. paratyphi A or Salmonella enteritidis . (mdpi.com)
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium through the consumption of raw vegetables and vegetarian burger patties necessitates the needs for the optimization of analytical approach for their detection and enumeration in the raw vegetables, which served as potential vehicles for transmission of these pathogenic microorganisms. (scirp.org)
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium using the most probable numbers (MPN) in combination with the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). (scirp.org)
was 28%, Salmonella Enteritidis was 20% and Salmonella Typhimurium was 14.3%, respectively. (scirp.org)
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in Raw Salad Vegetables and Vegetarian Burger Patties," Food and Nutrition Sciences , Vol. 2 No. 10, 2011, pp. 1077-1081. (scirp.org)
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium from Environmental Swabs of Poultry Houses," Letter Applied Microbiology, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1999, pp. 113-117. (scirp.org)
D. C. Rodrigue, R. V. Tauxe and B. Rowe, "International Increase of Salmonella Enteritidis. (scirp.org)
Y. B. Ngwai, C. Wambebe and Y. Adachi, "Survivability of Salmonella Typhimurium L1388 and Salmonella Enteritidis L1225 under Stressful Growth Condition," Online Journal of Health Allied Science, Vol. 6, 2007, p. 2. (scirp.org)
We describe a multiplex PCR for the rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. (jove.com)
Locally, Salmonella Typhimurium, following Salmonella Enteritidis, is the second most commonly isolated serotype. (gov.hk)

As expected, we found that expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) invasion genes was greatly reduced in the csrA mutant, as were genes outside the island that encode proteins translocated into eukaryotic cells by the SPI-1 type III secretion apparatus. (nih.gov)
Influence of the Salmonella typhimurium pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system on bacterial growth in the mouse. (nii.ac.jp)
Previously, growth in the presence of bile was shown to repress the transcription of prgH , a locus encoding components of the Salmonella pathogenicity island I (SPI-1) type III secretion system (TTSS) necessary for eukaryotic cell invasion. (asm.org)
Salmonellae use a contact-dependent TTSS for invasion, which is encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) at centisome 63 ( 17 , 21 ). (asm.org)

Brominated furanones inhibit biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium," APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY , vol. 74, no. 21, pp. 6639-6648, 2008. (ugent.be)

The genes of two metabolic pathways likely to be used by Salmonella in the intestinal milieu also showed reduced expression: the pdu operon for utilization of 1,2-propanediol and the eut operon for ethanolamine catabolism. (nih.gov)
These results show that csrA controls a number of gene classes in addition to those required for invasion, some of them unique to Salmonella, and suggests a co-ordinated bacterial response to conditions that exist at the site of bacterial invasion, the intestinal tract of a host animal. (nih.gov)
This study investigated whether soluble paracrine factors mediated Salmonella-induced IL-8 expression in polarized model intestinal epithelia. (jci.org)
Furthermore, the ability of S. typhimurium mutants to induce IκB-α degradation, NF-κB translocation, and IL-8 transcription and secretion correlated precisely with their ability to induce an intracellular [Ca2+] increase in model intestinal epithelia, but not with their ability to invade these cells. (jci.org)
Nuclear extracts were derived from model intestinal epithelia maintained under control conditions or coincubated with wild-type S. typhimurium as described in Methods for the indicated times. (jci.org)
To test whether the FlaB-secreting ΔppGpp S. typhimurium has inhibitory effects on human metastatic cancer, we next implanted HCT116-luc2 tumors into the intestinal wall of BALB/c athymic nu-/nu- mice using a surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) procedure. (aacrjournals.org)
Salmonella typhimurium attachment to human intestinal epithelial monolayers: transcellular signalling to subepithelial neutrophils. (rupress.org)
In this report, we model those interactions in vitro, using polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell, T84, isolated human PMN, and S. typhimurium. (rupress.org)
As enteric pathogens, the salmonellae have developed systems by which they can sense and adapt appropriately to deleterious intestinal components that include bile. (asm.org)
From these data, we propose a model whereby serovar Typhimurium uses bile as an environmental signal to repress its invasive capacity in the lumen of the intestine, but upon mucous layer penetration and association with intestinal epithelial cells, where the apparent bile concentration would be reduced, the system would become derepressed and invasion would be initiated. (asm.org)
Salmonella typhimurium can colonize the gut, invade intestinal tissues, and cause enterocolitis. (jimmunol.org)
In the gut, S. typhimurium interacts with the intestinal mucosa, invades the intestinal tissue, provokes severe inflammatory responses and induces diarrhea. (jimmunol.org)
Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the nuclear responses and cytokine production induced by Salmonella typhimurium in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. (jimmunol.org)
An important feature of S. typhimurium pathogenesis is the induction of a profound inflammatory response in the intestinal epithelium. (jimmunol.org)

Invasive S. typhimurium and Salmonella typhi, independent of their ability to replicate intracellularly, are cytotoxic to RAW264.7 macrophages and, to a greater degree, to murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. (pnas.org)
Our analysis identified 53 proteins in S. Typhimurium LT2 and 56 proteins in S. Typhi that were regulated in a PhoP-dependent manner. (harvard.edu)
As expected, many proteins identified in S. Typhi demonstrated concordant differential expression with a homologous protein in S. Typhimurium. (harvard.edu)
PhoPQ is also necessary for high level resistance to bile in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ( 30 ). (asm.org)

A total of 26 persons infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium were reported from 12 states. (cdc.gov)
Several fecal samples from pet hedgehogs and environmental samples from areas where pet hedgehogs lived or were bathed in patient households yielded the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium. (cdc.gov)
A total of 16 individuals infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium have been reported from 5 states. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Preliminary results of antibiotic susceptibility testing indicate that this strain of Salmonella Typhimurium is susceptible to commonly prescribed antibiotics. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
We have developed a genetically-modified bacterial strain of Salmonella typhimurium, auxotrophic for leucine and arginine, which also expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP), termed S. typhimurium A1-R. S. typhimurium A1-R was found to be effective against metastatic human prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines as well as osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and glioma cell lines in clinically-relevant nude mouse models. (aacrjournals.org)

In support of this finding, flagellin-deficient S. typhimurium mutants did not secrete detectable levels of PIF (i.e., a bioactivity that induced IL-8 secretion when placed basolaterally on model epithelia). (jci.org)
Comparative Studies of Mutations in Animal Isolates and Experimental In Vitro- and In Vivo-Selected Mutants of Salmonella spp. (asm.org)

Here we show that dopamine increases bacterial iron incorporation and promotes Salmonella Typhimurium growth both in vitro and in vivo . (asm.org)
PIF was not present in the media of model epithelia stimulated with other inducers of IL-8 secretion (TNF-α or carbachol) but was present in S. typhimurium supernatants, indicating PIF is of bacterial origin. (jci.org)
In the bacterial genome, these genes are located relatively closely to one another in groups known as Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs). (kenyon.edu)
Zhao M, Yang M, Li X-M, Jiang P, Baranov E, Li S et al (2005) Tumor-targeting bacterial therapy with amino acid auxotrophs of GFP-expressing Salmonella typhimurium. (springer.com)
Some S. typhimurium A1-R-treated cancer cell lines became apoptotic and necrotic, and other cell lines burst after extensive intracellular bacterial growth. (aacrjournals.org)
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a main cause of bacterial food-borne diseases. (ugent.be)

Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens and poses a significant threat to human health. (mdpi.com)
There is no conclusive data on whether the invasive or gastrointestinal forms of Salmonella Typhimurium are actually two different pathogens, or if their modes of transition, colonization, or incubation differ [1] . (kenyon.edu)
Like other intracellular pathogens, Salmonella replicates within this intracellular niche, despite its apparent isolation from both extra- and intracellular sources of nutrients. (hu-berlin.de)
Salmonella is one of the most common food-borne pathogens worldwide ( 1 ). (asm.org)
Salmonella species are facultative intracellular pathogens. (asm.org)
Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. (asm.org)

A mutant of Salmonella strictly dependent upon peptides in growth media as a source of amino acids, showed intracellular growth similar to the wild-type strain in host cells, indicating intracellular access to peptides. (hu-berlin.de)
Analysis of host cells associated with the Spv-mediated increased intracellular growth rate of Salmonella typhimurium in mice. (nii.ac.jp)

Invasive Salmonella typhimurium induces dramatic cytoskeletal changes on the membrane surface of mammalian epithelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages as part of its entry mechanism. (pnas.org)
In this report, we show that S. typhimurium induces host cell signal transduction pathways that lead to the activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8. (jimmunol.org)

The enteric bacterium Salmonella typhimurium synthesizes cobalamin (vitamin B12) de novo only under anaerobic growth conditions. (asm.org)
In the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium the biosynthetic genes for cobalamin are located in three separated regions of the genetic map. (springer.com)

The outbreak strain lacked the S . Typhimurium SSP and was negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for a 437-bp internal fragment of the Salmonella plasmid virulence ( spv ) C gene. (cdc.gov)
Here, we transformed an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium ( S. typhimurium) with an Apoptin expressing plasmid into a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line. (medsci.org)
Plasmid-associated virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. (nii.ac.jp)
Cloning and transposon insertion mutagenesis of virulence genes of the 100-kilobase plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium. (nii.ac.jp)
The Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid increases the growth rate of salmonellae in mice. (nii.ac.jp)
The virulence plasmid does not contribute to growth of Salmonella in cultured murine macrophages. (nii.ac.jp)
Central regulatory role for the RpoS sigma factor in expression of Salmonella dublin plasmid virulence genes. (nii.ac.jp)
Here, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of plasmid-borne mcr-3.1 present in an MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolate from human. (medworm.com)

We aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates identified from patients with diarrhea in Shanghai. (frontiersin.org)

To investigate the wider role of CsrA in gene regulation, we compared the expression of Salmonella genes in a csrA mutant with those in the wild type using a DNA microarray. (nih.gov)
Salmonella typhimurium activates virulence gene transcription within acidified macrophage phagosomes. (nii.ac.jp)
A PhoP-repressed gene promotes Salmonella typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells. (nii.ac.jp)
Gene expression and antibody response in chicken against Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. (bioportfolio.com)
A microarray study was performed to analyze the gene expression profiles of Salmonella in the presence of (Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)3- ethyl-2(5H)-furanone. (ugent.be)

In this study, we are adding a further step to the protocol, which is dealing with the cell wall surface antigens, where Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 was used for such purposes. (hindawi.com)

To evaluate the antitumor activity of engineered S. typhimurium, C57BL/6 mice transplanted with MC38 tumors were injected intravenously (i.v.) with PBS, ΔppGpp S. typhimurium carrying an empty vector, or ΔppGpp S. typhimurium carrying pFlaB (+/− L-arabinose induction). (aacrjournals.org)
Zhao M, Yang M, Ma H, Li X, Tan X, Li S et al (2006) Targeted therapy with a Salmonella typhimurium leucine-arginine auxotroph cures orthotopic human breast tumors in nude mice. (springer.com)
Zhang Y, Zhang N, Zhao M, Hoffman RM (2015) Comparison of the selective targeting of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and VNP20009 on the Lewis lung carcinoma in nude mice. (springer.com)
Matsumoto Y, Miwa S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Yano S, Uehara F et al (2015) Intraperitoneal administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R inhibits disseminated human ovarian cancer and extends survival in nude mice. (springer.com)
Miwa S, Yano S, Zhang Y, Matsumoto Y, Uehara F, Yamamoto M et al (2014) Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R prevents experimental human breast cancer bone metastasis in nude mice. (springer.com)
Lipid A controls the robustness of intratumoral accumulation of attenuated Salmonella in mice. (umassmed.edu)
In comparison, S. Typhimurium causes gastroenteritis in humans, but causes a systemic typhoidal illness in mice. (harvard.edu)
In the salmonellae, it is known that the two-component system PhoP-PhoQ (PhoPQ) regulates virulence phenotypes such as survival within macrophages and is necessary for disease in humans and mice ( 7 , 16 , 23 ). (asm.org)
The relative tumor volume of S. typhimurium A1-R + trastuzumab-treated mice was smaller compared to trastuzumab alone (p = 0.007) and S. typhimurium A1-R alone (p = 0.039). (sigmaaldrich.com)

The Salmonella SPI-1 and the SPI-2 type III secretion systems (TTSS) contributed to inflammation. (jimmunol.org)
Besides many other virulence factors ( 4 ) S . typhimurium uses two type III secretion systems (TTSS) 4 ( 5 , 6 , 7 ), which allow delivery of so-called effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells to manipulate cell signaling and vesicular trafficking. (jimmunol.org)

Egg shell surface and internal contents of eggs laid by infected hens were cultured independently for detection of Salmonella spp. (frontiersin.org)
The objective of this study was to develop a portable impedance immunosensing system for rapid and sensitive detection of S . Typhimurium in poultry. (mdpi.com)
For pure culture detection, the system had a linear relationship between the impedance change and the logarithmic value of S . Typhimurium cells ranging from 76 to 7.6 × 10 6 CFU (colony-forming unit) (50 μL) −1 . (mdpi.com)
The immunosensor also had a correlation coefficient of 0.98, and a high specificity for detection of S . Typhimurium cells with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 2 CFU (50 μL) −1 . (mdpi.com)
To conclude, the portable impedance immunosensing system for detection of S . Typhimurium achieved an LOD that is comparable with commercial electrochemical impedance instruments. (mdpi.com)
We report here the development of electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor for detection of Salmonella typhimurium. (omicsonline.org)
For the immunological detection of S. typhimurium , different pairs of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested in a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. (mdpi.com)
Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella spp. (scirp.org)

IUCr) Structure of the periplasmic copper-binding protein CueP from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. (iucr.org)
Here, we show that intracellular Salmonella acquire amino acids in the form of peptides by co-opting the host protein degradation pathway known as chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) involved in the transport of cytosolic proteins to the lysosome for degradation. (hu-berlin.de)
PERP, a host tetraspanning membrane protein, is required for Salmonella-induced inflammation. (umassmed.edu)
The S. typhimurium protein effectively substitutes for the E. coli polypeptide in F-dependent conjugation and in the uptake of certain colicins, although it cannot serve as the receptor for the OmpA-specific phages K3 and TuII. (epfl.ch)
Induction of these signaling pathways and the synthesis of IL-8 was strictly dependent on the function of the invasion-associated type III protein secretion system encoded by S. typhimurium. (jimmunol.org)

In November 2018, an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was detected. (foodsafetynews.com)
Authorities in Sweden are investigating a national outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium which has affected almost 40 people. (foodsafetynews.com)
Multiresistant Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium Monophasic in Wintering Red Kites ( Milvus milvus ) in Segovia, Central Spain," Journal of Raptor Research 49(3), 337-341, (1 September 2015). (bioone.org)

The type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of proteins into host cells. (sciencemag.org)
We found that the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) acquires the host cell proteins LAMP-2A and Hsc73, key components of CMA, but excludes lysosomal proteins such as LAMP-2B and LIMP-2. (hu-berlin.de)
The present study was designed to predict nuclear targeting of S. typhimurium proteins in the host cell through computational tools, including nuclear localization signal (NLS) mapper, Balanced Subcellular Localization predictor (BaCeILo), and Hum-mPLoc using next-generation sequencing data. (dovepress.com)
Our results suggested that S. typhimurium releases its proteins within compartments of the host cell, where they act as a component of the host cell proteome. (dovepress.com)

This study represents the first example of using two-color, superresolution imaging to analyze the secretion of Salmonella virulence factors as they are secreted from the SPI-2 type three secretion system. (asm.org)
We found that the basolateral media of model epithelia that had been apically infected with Salmonella typhimurium for a short period (10 minutes) could activate IL-8 secretion in virgin model epithelia, demonstrating that a proinflammatory factor (PIF) was indeed present. (jci.org)
Flagellin is a potent inducer of IL-8 secretion, does not drop transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and is essential for IL-8 secretion induced by S. typhimurium . (jci.org)
The similarity between type III secretion components and the flagellar export machinery prompted us to investigate whether the S. typhimurium cell envelope contains structures similar to those involved in flagellar assembly. (sciencemag.org)
IL-8 secretion induced by both the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and S. typhimurium was NF-κB dependent. (jci.org)
However, NF-κB activation and IL-8 secretion induced by S. typhimurium, but not by TNF-α, was preceded by and required an increase in intracellular [Ca2+]. (jci.org)
Subsequent secretion of FlaB from colonizing Salmonellae resulted in phenotypic and functional activation of intratumoral macrophages with M1 phenotypes and a reciprocal reduction in M2-like suppressive activities. (aacrjournals.org)

The purpose of the Salmonella Typhimurium AAR is to identify and discuss the major strengths and areas for improvement during the outbreak response and, in doing so, inform CDC's decision- making during future outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Salmonella is a key cause of foodborne gastroenteritis around the world, with most outbreaks linked to eggs, poultry meat, pork, beef, dairy, nuts and fresh produce. (news-medical.net)
A team of scientists led by researchers at the University of Georgia Center for Food Safety in Griffin has developed a machine-learning approach that could lead to quicker identification of the animal source of certain Salmonella outbreaks. (news-medical.net)
Members of Salmonella enterica are frequently involved in egg and egg product related human food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
This niche has been filled by S . Typhimurium, which is a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks linked to contaminated egg and egg related products ( OzFoodNet Working Group, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
In light of recent outbreaks, FDA continues to emphasize consumer advice to reduce the risk of foodborne illness, including Salmonella-related illness, from fresh produce. (rxpgnews.com)
Tomatoes have been linked to 7 salmonella outbreaks since 1990. (rxpgnews.com)
Marler Clark is the nation's leading law firm representing victims of Salmonella outbreaks and other foodborne illnesses. (marlerclark.com)
This report illustrates an ongoing trend in Australia, where raw and minimally cooked egg-containing foods are identified as the responsible vehicles in a high proportion of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks. (health.gov.au)
1 In south-east Australian jurisdictions (including the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Victoria), the most common agent causing such outbreaks has been Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). (health.gov.au)

The activation state of the macrophage plays a significant role in the response of macrophages to Salmonella invasion, perhaps indicating that the signal or receptor for initiating programmed cell death is upregulated in activated macrophages. (pnas.org)
Tumor colonization by engineered Salmonellae appeared to induce the infiltration of abundant immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils via the TLR4 signaling. (aacrjournals.org)
Acidification of phagosomes containing Salmonella typhimurium in murine macrophages. (asm.org)
In this work, we investigated the importance of phagosomal pH in the ability of Salmonella typhimurium to survive and replicate within macrophages. (asm.org)

enterica serovar Typhimurium ST313 is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, flagellated facultative anaerobe that is mostly present in the mammalian GI tract [1] . (kenyon.edu)

Here, we show that loss of AcrB efflux function causes loss of virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. (asm.org)

Each Salmonella typhimurium Antibody is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
While specific antibody for Salmonella is available on the market under the commercial names (of some kits) such as Febrile Antigen Kit (N.S. BIO-TEC), we used the described Kit to investigate the validity of the SLRP. (hindawi.com)
The antigen-antibody interaction (agglutination) results of both the SLRP and the animal experiments prove that we have correct STGs able to immunize the rats against viable Salmonella . (hindawi.com)
Then, biotin-labelled S . Typhimurium -antibody was immobilized onto the IDAM surface. (mdpi.com)
Samples were dropped on the surface of the IDAM and the S . Typhimurium cells in the samples were captured by the antibody on the IDAM. (mdpi.com)

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. (jove.com)

All of the known cob genes (in branches I, II, and III) were transcribed in a counterclockwise direction relative to the S. typhimurium genetic map. (asm.org)
While this large genetic investment suggests an important physiological role for the cofactor, the four known B12-dependent functions do not appear to be essential for growth of wild type Salmonella under the laboratory conditions tested. (springer.com)
Genetic diversity between the two common pentaresistant MDR Salmonella serovar Typhimurium phenotypes based on AFLP fingerprinting. (asm.org)
At the beginning, CDC staff noted a group of cases in different states in the US caused by Salmonella Typhimurium with same genetic fingerprint. (gov.hk)

CsrA is a regulator of invasion genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. (nih.gov)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (asm.org)
1989. Mutations affecting regulation of the cobinamide biosynthetic genes in Salmonella typhimurium. (springer.com)
Coexistence of these genes lead to the emergence of MDR and the transmission of them will pose great difficulties in S. Typhimurium treatments. (frontiersin.org)
In Salmonella , several genes have been identified to encode various virulence factors. (kenyon.edu)
Specific Salmonella serovars can be identified by targeting a multiplex PCR to genes and sequences unique to the O-antigen biosynthesis cluster and flagellin of a given serovar. (jove.com)
Here, we characterize the relatedness of the Salmonella isolates and the resistance genes for different resistance phenotypes. (asm.org)

Firstly, antimicrobial activity and mechanism of TO against Salmonella Typhimurium was assessed. (medworm.com)
As Salmonella can form biofilms in which it is better protected against antimicrobial agents on a wide diversity of surfaces, it is of interest to explore ways to inhibit biofilm formation. (ugent.be)

Identification of an essential virulence region on Salmonella plasmids. (nii.ac.jp)

In Australia, Salmonella Typhimurium is frequently involved in egg and egg product related foodborne illness and Salmonella Mbandaka has also been found to be a contaminant of the layer farm environment. (frontiersin.org)
The Salmonella attorneys of Marler Clark have unmatched foodborne illness litigation experience. (marlerclark.com)

Salmonella typhimuriuim synthesizes cobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) de. (springer.com)

Mutations at the apeA locus in Salmonella typhimurium lead to loss of a soluble enzyme ("protease I") that hydrolyzes the chromogenic endoprotease substrate N-acetyl phenylalanine beta-naphthyl ester. (nih.gov)
We have isolated pseudorevertants of S. typhimurium apeA mutations that have regained the ability to hydrolyze this compound. (nih.gov)

An Australian university has been awarded a grant to improve the effectiveness of a Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine in poultry. (foodsafetynews.com)
Virulence and vaccine potential of phoP mutans of Salmonella typhimurium. (nii.ac.jp)

Cells were incubated with basolateral TNF-α (10 ng/mL) or apical wild-type S. typhimurium , either with or without 1 hour pretreatment with 50 μM MG-132. (jci.org)
This study provides a basis for improved practical technologies to inactivate Salmonella and implies that acid pretreatment of food plant environments may increase the efficacy of halogen sanitizers. (asm.org)
Pretreatment of cells with the highly specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 203580 prevented S. typhimurium-induced IL-8 production. (jimmunol.org)
Interestingly, pretreatment with furanones rendered Salmonella biofilms more susceptible to antibiotic treatment. (ugent.be)

Murine monoclonal antibodies to target Salmonella typhimurium flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were prepared and characterized. (mdpi.com)

We offer Salmonella typhimurium Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA. (novusbio.com)
Choose from our Salmonella typhimurium monoclonal antibodies. (novusbio.com)
The different antibodies for Salmonella are available in the market and correct STGs have a positive agglutination result upon their interaction with the antibodies. (hindawi.com)

Persistence of Salmonella species in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis following ceftriaxone therapy. (springer.com)

Five children needed hospital treatment in an Australian state as part of a Salmonella outbreak linked to backyard poultry. (foodsafetynews.com)
The external and internal egg contamination by Salmonella during poultry production is a complex issue, influenced by many variables. (frontiersin.org)
This study aims to fabricate cold plasma treated thyme essential oil (TO)/silk fibroin (SF) nanofibers to inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium in poultry meat. (medworm.com)

The role of the PhoP/PhoQ regulon in Salmonella virulence. (nii.ac.jp)

Anatomy11

Organisms21

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs60

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care6

Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. (1/7066)

Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (2/7066)

Pathogenicity island 2 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are efficient carriers for heterologous antigens and enable modulation of immune responses. (3/7066)

Effect of transforming growth factor beta on experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. (4/7066)

Molecular basis for the enterocyte tropism exhibited by Salmonella typhimurium type 1 fimbriae. (5/7066)

Environmental signals modulate ToxT-dependent virulence factor expression in Vibrio cholerae. (6/7066)

Peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing activity of the FlgJ protein, essential for flagellar rod formation in Salmonella typhimurium. (7/7066)

Molecular survey of the Salmonella phage typing system of Anderson. (8/7066)

Salmonella typhimurium

Salmonella

Salmonella Infections

Salmonella Infections, Animal

Salmonella enterica

Salmonella Phages

Salmonella enteritidis

Salmonella typhi

Salmonella Food Poisoning

Bacterial Proteins

Genes, Bacterial

Mutation

Salmonella Vaccines

Escherichia coli

Mutagenicity Tests

Operon

Mutagens

Salmonella paratyphi A

Virulence

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Food Microbiology

DNA, Bacterial

Transduction, Genetic

Bacteriophage Typing

Plasmids

Molecular Sequence Data

Flagella

Chromosomes, Bacterial

Chromosome Mapping

Typhoid Fever

Base Sequence

Flagellin

Genetics, Microbial

Genetic Complementation Test

Histidine

Bacterial Vaccines

Drug Resistance, Microbial

Culture Media

Amino Acid Sequence

Salmonella arizonae

Serotyping

Conjugation, Genetic

DNA Transposable Elements

Enzyme Repression

Genomic Islands

Cloning, Molecular

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Lipopolysaccharides

Vaccines, Attenuated

Lipid A

Genes, Regulator

Genes

Feces

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Species Specificity

Poultry Diseases

Antigens, Bacterial

Eggs

Antibodies, Bacterial

O Antigens

Escherichia coli Proteins

Enterobacteriaceae

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

Mutagenesis, Insertional

Antimutagenic Agents

Polymyxins

Propylene Glycol

Food Contamination

Salmonella paratyphi B

Lysogeny

Pentosyltransferases

Colony Count, Microbial

RNA, Bacterial

Restriction Mapping

Chickens

Swine Diseases

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Anaerobiosis

3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field