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Salmonella typhiTyphoid FeverSalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumSalmonella InfectionsTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella entericaSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella enteritidisSalmonella PhagesSalmonella VaccinesSalmonella Food PoisoningParatyphoid FeverPolysaccharides, BacterialAntigens, BacterialBacteriophage TypingAntibodies, BacterialSalmonella paratyphi BBacterial ProteinsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDNA, BacterialVaccines, AttenuatedSalmonella paratyphi CGenes, BacterialBacterial VaccinesAgglutination TestsFlagellinChloramphenicolMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNalidixic AcidChloramphenicol ResistanceDrug Resistance, MicrobialVirulenceSerotypingEscherichia coliPorinsTyphus, Endemic Flea-BornePlasmidsFecesCiprofloxacinO AntigensFood MicrobiologyBacteriological TechniquesIndonesiaElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldGene Expression Regulation, BacterialSalmonella arizonaeDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialVaccines, SyntheticUDPglucose 4-EpimeraseCitrobacterMolecular Sequence DataConjugation, GeneticDrug Resistance, MultipleBloodEnterobacteriaceaeFlagellaShigella sonneiDrug Resistance, BacterialCarrier StateLipopolysaccharidesMutationSacroiliitisDisease OutbreaksCulture MediaGenome, BacterialAdministration, OralHemagglutination TestsAnti-Infective AgentsDNA GyraseImmunizationSpecies SpecificityIndia
Salmonella typhi
A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.
Salmonella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Salmonella typhimurium
A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.
Salmonella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.
Salmonella paratyphi A
A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA that causes mild PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.
Salmonella enterica
A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.
Salmonella enteritidis
A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other animals.
Salmonella Phages
Viruses whose host is Salmonella. A frequently encountered Salmonella phage is BACTERIOPHAGE P22.
Salmonella Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER; (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis.
Salmonella Food Poisoning
Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.
Paratyphoid Fever
A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.
Antigens, Bacterial
Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.
Bacteriophage Typing
A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.
Antibodies, Bacterial
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
Salmonella paratyphi B
A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Vaccines, Attenuated
Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.
Salmonella paratyphi C
A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Bacterial Vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.
Agglutination Tests
Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Flagellin
A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Nalidixic Acid
A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.
Chloramphenicol Resistance
Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of CHLORAMPHENICOL, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the 50S ribosomal subunit where amino acids are added to nascent bacterial polypeptides.
Drug Resistance, Microbial
The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Virulence
The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.
Serotyping
Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Porins
Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.
Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne
An infectious disease clinically similar to epidemic louse-borne typhus (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE), but caused by RICKETTSIA TYPHI, which is transmitted from rat to man by the rat flea, XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Ciprofloxacin
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Food Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
Bacteriological Techniques
Techniques used in studying bacteria.
Indonesia
A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Salmonella arizonae
Gram-negative rods widely distributed in LIZARDS and SNAKES, and implicated in enteric, bone (BONE DISEASES), and joint infections (JOINT DISEASES) in humans.
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Vaccines, Synthetic
Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.
UDPglucose 4-Epimerase
A necessary enzyme in the metabolism of galactose. It reversibly catalyzes the conversion of UDPglucose to UDPgalactose. NAD+ is an essential component for enzymatic activity. EC 5.1.3.2.
Citrobacter
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbon.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Conjugation, Genetic
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.
Blood
The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.
Enterobacteriaceae
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
Flagella
A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Shigella sonnei
A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Carrier State
The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Sacroiliitis
Inflammation of the SACROILIAC JOINT. It is characterized by lower back pain, especially upon walking, fever, UVEITIS; PSORIASIS; and decreased range of motion. Many factors are associated with and cause sacroiliitis including infection; injury to spine, lower back, and pelvis; DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS; and pregnancy.
Disease Outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Administration, Oral
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
Hemagglutination Tests
Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Anti-Infective Agents
Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.
DNA Gyrase
A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
India

Potent immunoregulatory effects of Salmonella typhi flagella on antigenic stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1/1101)

A key function of monocytes/macrophages (Mphi) is to present antigens to T cells. However, upon interaction with bacteria, Mphi lose their ability to effectively present soluble antigens. This functional loss was associated with alterations in the expression of adhesion molecules and CD14 and a reduction in the uptake of soluble antigen. Recently, we have demonstrated that Salmonella typhi flagella (STF) markedly decrease CD14 expression and are potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). In order to determine whether S. typhi and soluble STF also alter the ability of Mphi to activate T cells to proliferate to antigens and mitogens, hPBMC were cultured in the presence of tetanus toxoid (TT) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and either killed whole-cell S. typhi or purified STF protein. Both whole-cell S. typhi and STF suppressed proliferation to PHA and TT. This decreased proliferation was not a result of increased Mphi production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, or oxygen radicals or the release of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, or interleukin-10 following exposure to STF. However, the ability to take up soluble antigen, as determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran uptake, was reduced in cells cultured with STF. Moreover, there was a dramatic reduction in the expression of CD54 on Mphi after exposure to STF. These results indicate that whole-cell S. typhi and STF have the ability to alter in vitro proliferation to soluble antigens and mitogens by affecting Mphi function.  (+info)

Marmoset species variation in the humoral antibody response: in vivo and in vitro studies. (2/1101)

A comparison of the in vivo and in vitro antibody response capabilities of two marmoset species, Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus oedipus oedipus, revealed the former to be superior in elaborating humoral antibody. In vivo challenges with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Salmonella typhi flagella consistently yielded higher antibody titres in S. fuscicollis; indeed, with LPS antigen, multiple inoculations of S.o. oedipus marmosets led ultimately to a decrease in antibody formation, in contrast to the anamnestic response of S. fuscicollis. This species differential in immune competence was also suggested in the in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) and spleen cells with sheep red blood cells (RBC). None of 55 S.o. oedipus PBL cultures and 49 of 89 (55%) S. fuscicollis cultures responded to the test antigen. A similar differential in response to sheep RBC was noted with the spleen cells of each species, although this report contrasts the antibody-forming potential of two marmoset species, a comparison of the immunological response profile of marmosets to those of other laboratory animals challenged with similar antigens suggests these primates may be relatively incompetent. The possible relationship between the haemopoietic chimerism of marmosets and a diminished immune competence is discussed.  (+info)

The Salmonella invasin SipB induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1. (3/1101)

Recently, Salmonella spp. were shown to induce apoptosis in infected macrophages. The mechanism responsible for this process is unknown. In this report, we establish that the Inv-Spa type III secretion apparatus target invasin SipB is necessary and sufficient for the induction of apoptosis. Purified SipB microinjected into macrophages led to cell death. Binding studies show that SipB associates with the proapoptotic protease caspase-1. This interaction results in the activation of caspase-1, as seen in its proteolytic maturation and the processing of its substrate interleukin-1beta. Caspase-1 activity is essential for the cytotoxicity. Functional inhibition of caspase-1 activity by acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethyl ketone blocks macrophage cytotoxicity, and macrophages lacking caspase-1 are not susceptible to Salmonella-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the data demonstrate that SipB functions as an analog of the Shigella invasin IpaB.  (+info)

Decreased IgA1 response after primary oral immunization with live typhoid vaccine in primary IgA nephropathy. (4/1101)

INTRODUCTION: Patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have an increased level of immunological memory to certain parenteral recall antigens. We recently found a deficient IgA1 immune response after intranasal challenge with a neo-antigen: cholera toxin subunit B. In the present study, we assessed the specific IgA1 and IgA2 antibody response in plasma, peripheral blood cells and mucosal secretions after primary enteral immunization. METHODS: Twenty eight IgAN patients, 26 patients with non-immunological renal disease and 32 healthy subjects were immunized orally with three sequential doses of live, attenuated, Salmonella typhi Ty21a. The humoral immune response in body fluids and antibody synthesis by circulating B cells was assessed in specific ELISAs and ELIPSAs respectively. RESULTS: Oral immunization resulted in significantly (P<0.0001) increased IgM, IgG, IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 responses in all groups, both in plasma and in circulating B cells in vitro. The IgA1 response in plasma was significantly (P<0.05) lower in IgAN patients, while no significant differences in IgM (P=0.36), IgG (P= 0.79) or IgA2 (P=0.45) responses were found as compared with matched control groups. The amount of IgA1 synthesized by circulating B cells tended to be lower in IgAN patients. No significant IgA response after oral immunization with S. typhi Ty21a was found in saliva (P=0.11) or tears (P=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest an IgA1 hyporesponsiveness in patients with IgAN that is not only apparent after primary challenge of the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue but also after presentation to the gut. Previous results after parenteral recall immunization may be explained by assuming that IgAN patients require more frequent and/or longer exposure to IgA1-inducing antigens on their mucosal surfaces before they reach protective mucosal immunity. As a consequence, overproduction of IgA1 antibodies occurs in the systemic compartment, accompanied by an increased number of IgA1 memory cells.  (+info)

The Salmonella typhi melittin resistance gene pqaB affects intracellular growth in PMA-differentiated U937 cells, polymyxin B resistance and lipopolysaccharide. (5/1101)

Salmonella typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans. A cell-culture based assay involving the human monocyte macrophage cell line U937 has been developed to examine S. typhi invasion and survival. An S. typhi PhoP- (null) mutant was shown to be restricted in net growth in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) differentiated U937 (PMA-U937) cells, and an S. typhi PhoPc (constitutive) mutant showed a defect in invasion. Neither of the phoP/Q mutants were growth impaired in HeLa cells, however the PhoPc mutant was impaired in invasion. As opposed to what was found for S. typhi, Salmonella typhimurium wild-type, PhoP- and PhoPc mutants grew equally well in PMA-U937 cells, indicating that the PhoP(-)-mediated net growth restriction in the PMA-U937 cells was S. typhi specific. An S. typhi mutation, pqaB::MudJ, recently shown to be a PhoP-activated locus, was shown to have a net growth defect in PMA-U937 cells. Sequencing of the S. typhipqaB gene revealed it had 98% identity to the fifth gene in a S. typhimurium PmrA/B regulated operon necessary for 4-aminoarabinose lipid A modification and polymyxin B resistance. The pqaB locus was regulated by PmrA/B (whose activity is modulated by PhoP-PhoQ) and the pqaB transposon mutant was sensitive to polymyxin B. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of S. typhi and S. typhimurium wild-type, PhoP- and PhoPc mutants, were compared by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Differences in the LPS profile between the two Salmonella species were observed, and shown to be affected differently by the PhoPc mutation. Additionally, the pqaB::MudJ mutation affected S. typhi LPS. The effects on LPS may have ramifications for the difference between S. typhi and S. typhimurium infection of hosts.  (+info)

PhoP-PhoQ-regulated loci are required for enhanced bile resistance in Salmonella spp. (6/1101)

As enteric pathogens, Salmonella spp. are resistant to the actions of bile. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi strains were examined to better define the bile resistance phenotype. The MICs of bile for wild-type S. typhimurium and S. typhi were 18 and 12%, respectively, and pretreatment of log-phase S. typhimurium with 15% bile dramatically increased bile resistance. Mutant strains of S. typhimurium and S. typhi lacking the virulence regulator PhoP-PhoQ were killed at significantly lower bile concentrations than wild-type strains, while strains with constitutively active PhoP were able to survive prolonged incubation with bile at concentrations of >60%. PhoP-PhoQ was shown to mediate resistance specifically to the bile components deoxycholate and conjugated forms of chenodeoxycholate, and the protective effect was not generalized to other membrane-active agents. Growth of both S. typhimurium and S. typhi in bile and in deoxycholate resulted in the induction or repression of a number of proteins, many of which appeared identical to PhoP-PhoQ-activated or -repressed products. The PhoP-PhoQ regulon was not induced by bile, nor did any of the 21 PhoP-activated or -repressed genes tested play a role in bile resistance. However, of the PhoP-activated or -repressed genes tested, two (prgC and prgH) were transcriptionally repressed by bile in the medium independent of PhoP-PhoQ. These data suggest that salmonellae can sense and respond to bile to increase resistance and that this response likely includes proteins that are members of the PhoP regulon. These bile- and PhoP-PhoQ-regulated products may play an important role in the survival of Salmonella spp. in the intestine or gallbladder.  (+info)

An immunoblotting procedure comprising O = 9,12 and H = d antigens as an alternative to the Widal agglutination assay. (7/1101)

AIMS: To compare the established Widal agglutination assay with an immunoblotting procedure. METHODS: 110 sera were used to compare the established Widal agglutination assay with an immunoblotting procedure incorporating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (O = 9,12) and flagellar (H = d) antigens. RESULTS: Antibodies to the LPS antigens were detected in 18 sera by the Widal assay and in 37 by immunoblotting. Antibodies to the flagellar antigens were detected in 27 sera by Widal assay and in 25 by immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS: An immunoblotting procedure incorporating O = 9,12 LPS and H = d flagellar antigens was rapid and more sensitive than the established Widal agglutination assay for providing evidence of infection with S typhi.  (+info)

Outcome in three groups of patients with typhoid fever in Indonesia between 1948 and 1990. (8/1101)

The outcome in three groups of patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi, treated during three episodes between 1948 and 1990 in Java, Indonesia, was compared by retrospective analysis of hospital records. The study population consisted of three groups of patients. Group I (n = 50) was treated in Batavia (the present Jakarta) from 1948 to 1950, Group II (n = 61) in Yogyakarta from 1952 to 1956, Group III (n = 105) in Semarang from 1989 to 1990. Main outcome measures were days until defervescence, early relapses during hospitalization, duration of hospital stay, complications and mortality. Group I received supportive treatment only, Group II low doses of chloramphenicol (total 12.5 g) and Group III full doses of chloramphenicol (total 27 g); occasionally other antibiotics were used. In Group I, II and III the mean number of days until defervescence was 16, 8 and 6 and the mean number of days in hospital 43, 47 and 15, respectively. Mortality was 26%, 10% and 5% and complications occurred in 38%, 18% and 13%, respectively. Between Group I and Group II the differences in mortality and complications were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared to Group I the proportion of early relapses was higher in Group II, but was zero in Group III. There were significantly fewer gastrointestinal complications in Group II than in Group I (P < 0.01) and even fewer in Group III. When no antibiotic against S. typhi was available, typhoid fever had a protracted course, and only 74% of patients survived. Even with low dosages of chloramphenicol, defervescence was earlier and mortality and complications decreased dramatically, but early relapses were frequent. Full doses of chloramphenicol for a sufficient period of time only slightly reduced mortality and complications further, but eliminated early relapses completely.  (+info)

Suitable Disk Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoints Defining Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolates with Reduced...
|jats:title|ABSTRACT|/jats:title| |jats:p|Infections with |jats:italic|Salmonella enterica|/jats:italic| serovar Typhi isolates that have reduced susceptibility to ofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.25 μg/ml) or ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.125 μg/ml) have been associated with a delayed response or clinical failure following treatment with these antimicrobials. These isolates are not detected as resistant using current disk susceptibility breakpoints. We examined 816 isolates of |jats:italic|S.|/jats:italic| Typhi from seven Asian countries. Screening for nalidixic acid resistance (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) identified isolates with an ofloxacin MIC of ≥0.25 μg/ml with a sensitivity of 97.3% (253/260) and specificity of 99.3% (552/556). For isolates with a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≥0.125 μg/ml, the sensitivity was 92.9% (248/267) and specificity was 98.4% (540/549). A zone of inhibition of ≤28 mm around a 5-μg ofloxacin disc detected strains with an ofloxacin MIC of ≥0.25 μg/ml with a sensitivity of 94.6
https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/72371/
Enteric fever in Cambodian children is dominated by multidrug-resistant H58 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with intermediate...Enteric fever in Cambodian children is dominated by multidrug-resistant H58 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with intermediate...
Infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates that are multidrug resistant (MDR: resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) with intermediate ciprofloxacin susceptibility are widespread in Asia but there is little information from Cambodia. We studied invasive salmonellosis in children at a paediatric hospital in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Between 2007 and 2011 Salmonella was isolated from a blood culture in 162 children. There were 151 children with enteric fever, including 148 serovar Typhi and three serovar Paratyphi A infections, and 11 children with a non-typhoidal Salmonella infection. Of the 148 serovar Typhi isolates 126 (85%) were MDR and 133 (90%) had intermediate ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Inpatient antimicrobial treatment was ceftriaxone alone or initial ceftriaxone followed by a step-down to oral ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. Complications developed in 37/128 (29%) children admitted with enteric fever and two (1.6%) died. There was one ...
http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2063136/
Enteric fever in Cambodian children is dominated by multidrug-resistant H58 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with intermediate...
Infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates that are multidrug resistant (MDR: resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) with intermediate ciprofloxacin susceptibility are widespread in Asia but there is little information from Cambodia. We studied invasive salmonellosis in children at a paediatric hospital in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Between 2007 and 2011 Salmonella was isolated from a blood culture in 162 children. There were 151 children with enteric fever, including 148 serovar Typhi and three serovar Paratyphi A infections, and 11 children with a non-typhoidal Salmonella infection. Of the 148 serovar Typhi isolates 126 (85%) were MDR and 133 (90%) had intermediate ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Inpatient antimicrobial treatment was ceftriaxone alone or initial ceftriaxone followed by a step-down to oral ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. Complications developed in 37/128 (29%) children admitted with enteric fever and two (1.6%) died. There was one confirmed
https://www.paediatrics.ox.ac.uk/publications/358076
Safety of live oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strains with deletions in htrA and aroC aroD and immune response in humans. |...Safety of live oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strains with deletions in htrA and aroC aroD and immune response in humans. |...
A single-dose, oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strain has been sought as a carrier or vector of cloned genes encoding protective antigens of other pathogens. Such a hybrid vaccine, administered orally, would stimulate immune responses both at the mucosal surface and in the systemic compartment and would potentially provide protection against multiple pathogens. S. typhi CVD 908 and CVD 906, which harbor deletions in aroC and aroD, were further engineered by deletion in htrA to produce strains CVD 908-htrA and CVD 906-htrA, which are unable to sustain growth and are severely impaired in their ability to survive in host tissues. These strains were fed to humans at doses of 5 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(9) CFU with buffer, and safety and immune responses were assessed. CVD 908-htrA and CVD 906-htrA were well tolerated in volunteers; mild diarrhea in 3 of 36 volunteers and mild fever in 1 volunteer were the only notable adverse responses. The vaccine strains were not detected in blood cultures and only ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/65/2/452?ijkey=7e4426e1d702d9565c81e34d050d5d8683aade4f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Characterization of CD8+ Effector T Cell Responses in Volunteers Immunized with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain Ty21a...Characterization of CD8+ Effector T Cell Responses in Volunteers Immunized with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain Ty21a...
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https://www.jimmunol.org/content/169/4/2196/tab-article-info
The Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi regulator TviA reduces interleukin-8 production in intestinal epithelial cells by...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi regulator TviA reduces interleukin-8 production in intestinal epithelial cells by repressing flagellin secretion. AU - Winter, Sebastian E.. AU - Raffatellu, Manuela. AU - Wilson, Paul R.. AU - Rüssmann, Holger. AU - Bäumler, Andreas J.. PY - 2008/1. Y1 - 2008/1. N2 - Unlike non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes, S. enterica serotype Typhi does not elicit neutrophilic infiltrates in the human intestinal mucosa. The Vi capsule-encoding tviABCDEvexABCDE operon (viaB locus) is a S. Typhi-specific DNA region preventing production of interleukin (IL)-8 during infection of intestinal epithelial cells. We elucidated the mechanism by which the viaB locus reduces IL-8 production in human colonic epithelial (T84) cells. A S. Typhi tviABCDEvexABCDE deletion mutant, but not a tviBCDEvexABCDE deletion mutant, elicited increased IL-8 production, which could be reduced to wild-type levels by introducing the cloned tviA regulatory gene. Thus, IL-8 expression ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-salmonella-enterica-serotype-typhi-regulator-tvia-reduces-int
Bacteremia associated with live attenuated <sub>χ</sub>8110 Salmonella enterica serovar typhi ISP1820 in healthy adult...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Bacteremia associated with live attenuated χ8110 Salmonella enterica serovar typhi ISP1820 in healthy adult volunteers. AU - Frey, Sharon E.. AU - Bollen, Wendy. AU - Sizemore, Donata. AU - Campbell, Mark. AU - Curtiss, Roy. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Live attenuated χ8110 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ISP1820 vaccine was given in a dose-escalation trial to healthy, adult volunteers. Positive stool and blood cultures were noted, but limited, as were immune responses measured by ELISA and ELISPOT. Only volunteers with bacteremia developed immune responses; however, no symptoms were associated with bacteremia. The vaccine was insufficiently immunogenic for use as a vaccine. It is possible that reduced survival in the gut and reduced immunogenicity may have been due to the thawing of frozen inocula immediately prior to use.. AB - Live attenuated χ8110 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ISP1820 vaccine was ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bacteremia-associated-with-live-attenuated-sub%CF%87sub8110-salmonella
A Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine expressing Yersinia pestis F1 antigen on its surface provides protection against...A Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine expressing Yersinia pestis F1 antigen on its surface provides protection against...
A recombinant strain of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi surface-expressing Yersinia pestis F I antigen was generated by transforming strain BRD1116 (aroA aroC htrA) with plasmid pAH34L encoding the Y. pestis caf operon. BRD1116/pAH34L was stable in vitro and in vivo. An immunisation regimen of two intranasal doses of I x 10(8) cfu of BRD1116/pAH34L given intranasally to mice 7 days apart induced the strongest immune response compared to other regimens and protected 13 out of 20 mice from lethal challenge with Y pestis. Intranasal immunisation of mice constitutes a model for oral immunisation with Salmonella vaccines in humans. Thus, the results demonstrate that attenuated strains of S. enterica serovar Typhi which express Y pestis F1 antigen may be developed to provide an oral vaccine against plague suitable for use in humans. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. ...
http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/14561/
Molecular characterization of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhi Vi-typing bacteriophage E1<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular characterization of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhi Vi-typing bacteriophage E1. AU - Pickard, Derek. AU - Thomson, Nicholas R.. AU - Baker, Stephen. AU - Wain, John. AU - Pardo, Mercedes. AU - Goulding, David. AU - Hamlin, Nancy. AU - Choudhary, Jyoti. AU - Threfall, John. AU - Dougan, Gordon. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2008/4. Y1 - 2008/4. N2 - Some bacteriophages target potentially pathogenic bacteria by exploiting surface-associated virulence factors as receptors. For example, phage have been identified that exhibit specificity for Vi capsule producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Here we have characterized the Vi-associated E1-typing bacteriophage using a number of molecular approaches. The absolute requirement for Vi capsule expression for infectivity was demonstrated using different Vi-negative S. enterica derivatives. The phage particles were shown to have an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail ...
https://researchportal.phe.gov.uk/en/publications/molecular-characterization-of-the-salmonella-enterica-serovar-typ
a name=topo||/a|Resistência antimicrobiana de Salmonella Typhi identificadas no Estado do Pará, Brasila name=topo||/a|Resistência antimicrobiana de Salmonella Typhi identificadas no Estado do Pará, Brasil
SOUZA, Cintya de Oliveira et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhi isolated in the State of Pará, Brazil. Rev Pan-Amaz Saude [online]. 2010, vol.1, n.2, pp.61-65. ISSN 2176-6223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S2176-62232010000200007.. Antimicrobial resistance has been widely studied in every bacterial genus, especially among those agents responsible for epidemic diseases, such as typhoid fever. Outbreaks have lead to increased usage and erroneous administration of antimicrobial drugs, contributing to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, this study evaluated the resistance of 44 strains of Salmonella Typhi to the main antibiotics used in the treatment of typhoid fever. Of the 44 strains isolated from 2003 to 2005, ten (2.7%) were resistant to at least one microbial drug. Among the ten resistant Salmonella Typhi strains, nine showed monoresistance to nitrofurantoin or tetracycline. Only one case of concomitant resistance to two drugs (chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin) ...
http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2176-62232010000200007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar...Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) are two gram negative bacilli, responsible for enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid, respectively). Both of the fever, mainly typhoid caused by S. Typhi sometimes takes place in epidemic form in developing countries like Bangladesh. The morbidity and mortality rates of this disease can be reduced by effective antimicrobial therapy. But resistance to antibiotic is a never ending process that generate severe problem to treat this life threatening disease. The aim of our study was to assess the patterns of antimicrobial resistance and their changing trends in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi that are endemic in Bangladesh. Blood and stool samples were cultured from the patients with high and continuous fever in icddr,b Dhaka hospital. One hundred S. Typhi, 21 S. Paratyphi A and 1 S. Paratyphi B were identified by biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out to ...
http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/handle/10361/8553
Molecular typing reveals a unique clone of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi among Indian strains [2]<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular typing reveals a unique clone of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi among Indian strains [2]. AU - Chandel, Dinesh S.. AU - Chaudhry, Rama. AU - Dey, Aparajit B.. AU - Malhotra, Pawan. PY - 2006/7/1. Y1 - 2006/7/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33746216084&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33746216084&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1128/JCM.02514-05. DO - 10.1128/JCM.02514-05. M3 - Letter. C2 - 16825414. AN - SCOPUS:33746216084. VL - 44. SP - 2673. EP - 2675. JO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology. SN - 0095-1137. IS - 7. ER - ...
https://nebraska.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-typing-reveals-a-unique-clone-of-salmonella-enterica-se
Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Is Not Caused by Functional Alteration of SipA, SopB, or SopDHost Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Is Not Caused by Functional Alteration of SipA, SopB, or SopD
Manuela Raffatellu; Yao-Hui Sun; R. Paul Wilson; Quynh T. Tran; Daniela Chessa; Helene L. Andrews-Polymenis; Sara D. Lawhon; Josely F. Figueiredo; Renée M. Tsolis; L. Garry Adams; Andreas J. Bäumler (2005). Host Restriction of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Is Not Caused by Functional Alteration of SipA, SopB, or SopD. Infection and Immunity. Available electronically from http : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /182814. ...
https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/182814
Construction and characterization of a Vi-positive variant of the Salmonella typhi live oral vaccine strain Ty21a. | Infection...Construction and characterization of a Vi-positive variant of the Salmonella typhi live oral vaccine strain Ty21a. | Infection...
The viaB locus coding for the Vi antigen of Salmonella typhi Ty2 was cloned on a 40.6-kilobase fragment into the cosmid vector pHC79. The live, oral, attenuated Vi-negative S. typhi Ty21a vaccine strain was transformed with the recombinant cosmid encoding the viaB locus. Homologous recombination of the viaB locus into the chromosome of S. typhi Ty21a was induced by UV irradiation, and Vi-positive recombinants were selected in the presence of D-cycloserine. One such isolate, termed WR4103, contained no plasmids or the attendant antibiotic resistance markers and expressed the Vi antigen stably. Vi antigen extracted from WR4103 was immunologically indistinguishable from Vi antigen purified from S. typhi Ty2. The only detectable difference between Ty21a and WR4103 was in the production of Vi antigen. The mean lethal doses of Ty21a and WR4103 for mice were nearly identical. Immunization of mice with WR4103 engendered a Vi antibody response and afforded complete protection against fatal infection with ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/57/12/3863
Challenge of Humans with Wild-type Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Elicits Changes in the Activation and Homing...
Gastrointestinal infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) are rare in industrialized countries. However, they remain a major public health problem in the developing world with an estimated 26.9 million new cases annually and significant mortality when untreated. Recently, we provided the first direct evidence that CD8+ MAIT cells are activated and have the potential to kill cells exposed to S. Typhi, and that these responses are dependent on bacterial load. However, MAIT cell kinetics and function during bacterial infections in humans remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterize the human CD8+ MAIT cell immune response to S. Typhi infection in subjects participating in a challenge clinical trial who received a low- or high dose of wild-type S. Typhi. We define the kinetics of CD8+ MAIT cells as well as their levels of activation, proliferation, exhaustion/apoptosis, and homing potential. Regardless of the dose, in volunteers resistant to infection (NoTD), the levels of CD8+
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/690878/
Challenge of Humans with Wild-type Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Elicits Changes in the Activation and Homing...
Gastrointestinal infections by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) are rare in industrialized countries. However, they remain a major public health problem in the developing world with an estimated 26.9 million new cases annually and significant mortality when untreated. Recently, we provided the first direct evidence that CD8(+) MAIT cells are activated and have the potential to kill cells exposed to S. Typhi, and that these responses are dependent on bacterial load. However, MAIT cell kinetics and function during bacterial infections in humans remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterize the human CD8(+) MAIT cell immune response to S. Typhi infection in subjects participating in a challenge clinical trial who received a low- or high dose of wild-type S. Typhi. We define the kinetics of CD8(+) MAIT cells as well as their levels of activation, proliferation, exhaustion/apoptosis, and homing potential. Regardless of the dose, in volunteers resistant to infection (NoTD), the levels of
https://www.paediatrics.ox.ac.uk/publications/690878
The Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Enables Serovar Typhi to Evade Microbe-Guided Neutrophil Chemotaxis | proLékaře.czThe Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Enables Serovar Typhi to Evade Microbe-Guided Neutrophil Chemotaxis | proLékaře.cz
1. Nuccio S-P, Wangdi T, Winter SE, Baumler AJ (2013) Typhoid. In: Rosenberg E, DeLong EF, Lory S, Stackebrandt E, Thompson F, editors. The Prokaryotes. 4th ed. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 353-374.. 2. ZhangS, KingsleyRA, SantosRL, Andrews-PolymenisH, RaffatelluM, et al. (2003) Molecular pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium- induced diarrhea. Infect Immun 71: 1-12.. 3. SpanoS, UgaldeJE, GalanJE (2008) Delivery of a Salmonella Typhi exotoxin from a host intracellular compartment. Cell Host Microbe 3: 30-38.. 4. SongJ, GaoX, GalanJE (2013) Structure and function of the Salmonella Typhi chimaeric A(2)B(5) typhoid toxin. Nature 499: 350-354.. 5. WinterSE, RaffatelluM, WilsonRP, RussmannH, BaumlerAJ (2008) The Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi regulator TviA reduces interleukin-8 production in intestinal epithelial cells by repressing flagellin secretion. Cell Microbiol 10: 247-261.. 6. WinterSE, WinterMG, GodinezI, YangH-J, RussmannH, et al. (2010) A Rapid Change in ...
https://www.prolekare.cz/casopisy/plos-pathogens/2014-8/the-vi-capsular-polysaccharide-enables-serovar-typhi-to-evade-microbe-guided-neutrophil-chemotaxis-53610
Genotypic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, Kenya - Volume 6, Number 6-December 2000 -...
We report the emergence in Kenya during 1997-1999 of typhoid fever due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and cotrimoxazole. Genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA yielded a single cluster. The multidrug-resistant S. Typhi were related to earlier drug-susceptible isolates but were unrelated to multidrug-resistant isolates from Asia.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/6/6/00-0616_article
Sandwich enzyme immunoassays for detection of Salmonella typhi - Publications of the IAS FellowsSandwich enzyme immunoassays for detection of Salmonella typhi - Publications of the IAS Fellows
Enzyme immunoassays were developed using monoclonal antibodies raised against somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular (Vi) antigens of Salmonella typhi. The assay based on anti-O monoclonal antibodies could specifically detect S. typhi and soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from S. typhi. Anti-H MoAbs detected motile S. typhi and soluble flagellar antigen. Monoclonal antibodies against capsular polysaccharide could detect Vi-containing S. typhi as well as soluble Vi antigen. The three assays reported here detected S. typhi with 100% sensitivity in blood culture broths obtained from bacteriologically confirmed typhoid patients and were negative with blood specimens containing Salmonella senftenberg, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis or Streptococcus (α-hemolytic) derived from patients with pyrexia. The assays, however, did not demonstrate the presence of soluble antigens in sera and urine samples obtained from typhoid patients. ...
http://repository.ias.ac.in/52876/
Structural insights of cell-cell communication autoinducer-2 kinase (LsrK) model from salmonella typhi | International Journal...
Salmonella typhi utilize inter and intra species communication via the process of cell-cell communication, which use to regulate population density with small, diffusible signaling molecules as communication intermediary called Autoinducers-2 (AI-2). Lsrk is the kinase phosphorylate AI-2, be capable to simulate the lsr operon. On the other hand, a solved structure of LsrK from Salmonella typhi is not available on Protein Data Bank. For that reason, we modelled and validated LsrK through online servers. Secondary structural insights were discussed. These findings provide new knowledge to molecular understanding of Autoinducer-2 kinase within Salmonella typhi.. ...
http://journalcra.com/article/structural-insights-cell-cell-communication-autoinducer-2-kinase-lsrk-model-salmonella-typhi
Inhibition of macrophage autophagy induced by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmidInhibition of macrophage autophagy induced by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmid
pR(ST98), a chimeric plasmid isolated from Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi), is involved in bacterial multidrug-resistance and virulence, however, its exact contributions to bacterial pathogenesis are still not fully understood. To investigate whether pR(ST98) exhibits potential to media …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24389197/?from_single_result=24389197&show_create_notification_links=False
Genomic analysis of Indian strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi indicates novel genetic repertoire for...Genomic analysis of Indian strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi indicates novel genetic repertoire for...
In the era of emerging antibiotic resistance, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi the causative agent of typhoid, is a threat for healthcare systems in developing countries especially India, where the disease is highly endemic. Genetic diversity among different strains may be the cause of variable severity of disease in different regions of the world. To explore this genetic diversity, genome annotation by rapid annotation using subsystem technology (RAST) was carried out for genomes of four Salmonella Typhi strains from two distinct areas available in the public domain. Two clinical strains were from India (P-stx-12 and E02-1180) and the other two strains considered as reference strains were from the endemic regions of Papua New Guinea (UJ308A and UJ816A). We report that Indian clinical strains possess several similar genes responsible for virulence and pathogenicity as those present in the reference strains. Interestingly, Indian clinical strains also possess 34 additional ...
https://www.coalitionagainsttyphoid.org/publications/genomic-analysis-of-indian-strains-of-salmonella-enterica-subsp-enterica-serovar-typhi-indicates-novel-genetic-repertoire-for-pathogenicity-and-adaptations/
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the PhoP Regulon in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Versus TyphimuriumComparative Proteomic Analysis of the PhoP Regulon in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Versus Typhimurium
Background: S. Typhi, a human-restricted Salmonella enterica serovar, causes a systemic intracellular infection in humans (typhoid fever). In comparison, S. Typhimurium causes gastroenteritis in humans, but causes a systemic typhoidal illness in mice. The PhoP regulon is a well studied two component (PhoP/Q) coordinately regulated network of genes whose expression is required for intracellular survival of S. enterica. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), we examined the protein expression profiles of three sequenced S. enterica strains: S. Typhimurium LT2, S. Typhi CT18, and S. Typhi Ty2 in PhoP-inducing and non-inducing conditions in vitro and compared these results to profiles of \(phoP^−/Q^−\) mutants derived from S. Typhimurium LT2 and S. Typhi Ty2. Our analysis identified 53 proteins in S. Typhimurium LT2 and 56 proteins in S. Typhi that were regulated in a PhoP-dependent manner. As expected, many proteins ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/8156577
Salmonella Typhi infection | mBioSalmonella Typhi infection | mBio
In the early 1900s, with mortality of ∼30%, typhoid and paratyphoid (caused by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A) ravaged parts of the world; with improved water, sanitation, and hygiene in resource-rich countries and the advent of antimicrobials, mortality dwindled to ,1%. Today, the burden rests disproportionately on South Asia, where the primary means for combatting the disease is antimicrobials. ...
https://mbio.asm.org/keyword/salmonella-typhi-infection
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhi P-stx-12 | Journal of BacteriologyComplete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhi P-stx-12 | Journal of Bacteriology
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever. S. Typhi does not have an animal reservoir and can be transmitted from a typhoid carrier only through contaminated water or food (11). It was estimated that the global incidence of typhoid is 16,000,000 cases, with 500,000 deaths per year (9). In this study, we isolated and sequenced the S. Typhi strain of a chronic carrier from a region in India where the disease is highly endemic.. Whole-genome sequencing was performed with both Roche 454 and Illumina paired-end sequencing technologies. A 4-kb genomic library was constructed and 177,021 paired-end and 65,478 single-end reads were generated using the GS FLX Titanium system, giving ∼18-fold coverage of the genome. A total of 97.09% of the reads were assembled into 11 scaffolds using Newbler (Roche). A total of ∼500 Mbp of 3-kb mate pair (MP) sequencing data (100-fold coverage) were generated with an Illumina Solexa GA IIx. These sequences were mapped to the scaffolds ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/194/8/2115.full
Fitness benefits in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in the absence of antimicrobial pressure - Nuffield Department...
|jats:p|Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are the recommended antimicrobial treatment for typhoid, a severe systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. FQ-resistance mutations in S. Typhi have become common, hindering treatment and control efforts. Using in vitro competition experiments, we assayed the fitness of eleven isogenic S. Typhi strains with resistance mutations in the FQ target genes, gyrA and parC. In the absence of antimicrobial pressure, 6 out of 11 mutants carried a selective advantage over the antimicrobial-sensitive parent strain, indicating that FQ resistance in S. Typhi is not typically associated with fitness costs. Double-mutants exhibited higher than expected fitness as a result of synergistic epistasis, signifying that epistasis may be a critical factor in the evolution and molecular epidemiology of S. Typhi. Our findings have important implications for the management of drug-resistant S. Typhi, suggesting that FQ-resistant strains would be naturally
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/441790
841 Salmonella Typhi Septicemia with Acute Renal Failure in a 11 Year Old Boy Secondary to Proliferative Glomeronephritis: A...841 Salmonella Typhi Septicemia with Acute Renal Failure in a 11 Year Old Boy Secondary to Proliferative Glomeronephritis: A...
An 11 year-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, gross hematuria and pain in abdomen. He also had hypertension, nephrotic range proteinuria with renal failure, for which hemodialysis was required. Salmonella Typhi was isolated from blood culture and was diagnosed to have typhoid fever. In view of low C3 levels, renal biopsy was done, showed evidence of proliferative glomerulonephritis. On discharge, he had mildly deranged renal function with persistence of gross hematuria and proteinuria which gradually resolved over a period of one year. Renal involvement with enteric fever is noticed only in 2-3% cases. The common complications of typhoid related to the urinary tract include cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, and mild proteinuria. Few cases have been reported of acute nephritic syndrome in typhoid fever requiring renal replacement therapy. Here, we report a case of Salmonella typhi septicemia associated with acute renal failure secondary to proliferative ...
http://adc.bmj.com/content/97/Suppl_2/A242.2
Salmonella Typhi dorsolumbar spondylodiscitis mimicking tuberculosis - An interesting case report - Surgical Neurology...Salmonella Typhi dorsolumbar spondylodiscitis mimicking tuberculosis - An interesting case report - Surgical Neurology...
1. Banerjee B, Madiyal M, Madhava PK, Agarwal M, Mukhopadhyay C. Typhoid spondylodiscitis mimicking tuberculosis in a teenage girl. J Infect Public Health. 2018. 11: 136-7. 2. Carvell JE, Maclarnon JC. Chronic osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine due to salmonella typhi: A case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1981. 6: 527-30. 3. Chang IC. Salmonella spondylodiscitis in patients without sickle cell disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005. 430: 243-7. 4. Chattaway MA, Aboderin AO, Fashae K, Okoro CK, Opintan JA, Okeke IN. Fluoroquinolone-resistant enteric bacteria in Sub-Saharan Africa: Clones, implications and research needs. Front Microbiol. 2016. 7: 558-. 5. Jain AK. Tuberculosis of the spine: A fresh look at an old disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010. 92: 905-13. 6. Laloum E, Zeller V, Graff W, Aerts J, Chazerain P, Mamoudy P. Salmonella typhi osteitis can mimic tuberculosis. A report of three cases. Joint Bone Spine. 2005. 72: 171-4. 7. Rajesh PK, Mythili S, Subramaniam L. Typhoid spine-a case ...
https://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/salmonella-typhi-dorsolumbar-spondylodiscitis-mimicking-tuberculosis-an-interesting-case-report/
Salmonella typhi monoclonal antibody, clone AC04 - (MAB2443) - Products - Abnova
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against native Salmonella typhi. Native purified Salmonella typhi. (MAB2443) - Products - Abnova
http://www.abnova.com/products/products_detail.asp?catalog_id=MAB2443
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi impairs CD4 T cell responses by reducing antigen availability - Fingerprint - University...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi impairs CD4 T cell responses by reducing antigen availability. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/salmonella-enterica-serovar-typhi-impairs-cd4-t-cell-responses-by/fingerprints/
The RcsB-RcsC regulatory system of Salmonella typhi differentially modulates the expression of invasion proteins, flagellin and...The RcsB-RcsC regulatory system of Salmonella typhi differentially modulates the expression of invasion proteins, flagellin and...
Entry into intestinal epithelial cells is an essential feature in the pathogenicity of Salmonella typhi, which causes typhoid fever in humans. This process requires intact motility and secretion of the invasion-promoting Sip proteins, which are targets of the type III secretion machinery encoded by …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9723922/?dopt=Abstract
The Capsular Polysaccharide Vi from Salmonella Typhi Is a B1b Antigen | The Journal of ImmunologyThe Capsular Polysaccharide Vi from Salmonella Typhi Is a B1b Antigen | The Journal of Immunology
Vaccination with purified capsular polysaccharide Vi Ag from Salmonella typhi can protect against typhoid fever, although the mechanism for its efficacy is not clearly established. In this study, we have characterized the B cell response to this vaccine in wild-type and T cell-deficient mice. We show that immunization with typhoid vi polysaccharide vaccine rapidly induces proliferation in B1b peritoneal cells, but not in B1a cells or marginal zone B cells. This induction of B1b proliferation is concomitant with the detection of splenic Vi-specific Ab-secreting cells and protective Ab in Rag1-deficient B1b cell chimeras generated by adoptive transfer-induced specific Ab after Vi immunization. Furthermore, Ab derived from peritoneal B cells is sufficient to confer protection against Salmonella that express Vi Ag. Expression of Vi by Salmonella during infection did not inhibit the development of early Ab responses to non-Vi Ags. Despite this, the protection conferred by immunization of mice with ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2012/11/16/jimmunol.1103166
Quantification of antibody secreting cell responses in a human challenge model of Salmonella Typhi infection - The Jenner...
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https://www.jenner.ac.uk/publications/353322
Contrasting persistence strategies in Salmonella and MycobacteriumContrasting persistence strategies in Salmonella and Mycobacterium
Long-term survival of persistent bacterial pathogens in mammalian hosts critically depends on their ability to avoid elimination by innate and adaptive immune responses. The persistent human pathogens that cause typhoid fever and tuberculosis exemplify alternative strategies for survival in the host: immune evasion and immune adaptation, respectively. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi evades host innate immune responses and inflammation by expressing factors that interfere with its detection as a Gram-negative bacterium, enabling persistent colonization of an immunologically privileged niche, the gallbladder. In contrast, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has adapted to survive within phagocytic cells, which typically eliminate invading microbes, by deploying stress resistance mechanisms that counteract the harsh environment of the phagolysosome.. Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Immune Evasion. ...
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/150975
H-NS and genomic bridge building: lessons from the human pathogen Salmonella TyphiH-NS and genomic bridge building: lessons from the human pathogen Salmonella Typhi
Dorman CJ, H-NS and genomic bridge building: lessons from the human pathogen Salmonella Typhi, Microbiology, 155, 7, 2009, 2114 - 2115 ...
http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/71398
Salmonella typhi organism | Nicklaus Childrens HospitalSalmonella typhi organism | Nicklaus Childrens Hospital
The causative agent of typhoid fever is the bacterium Salmonella typhi. (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ...
https://www.nicklauschildrens.org/health-information-library/health-encyclopedia-image-pages/salmonella-typhi-organism
Typhoid Fever due to Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: A Case Report and Literature...Typhoid Fever due to Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: A Case Report and Literature...
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes case reports related to infectious diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criid/2018/4610246/
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND PARATYPHI INFECTIONS PRESENTING AS FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN IN A TROPICAL...CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND PARATYPHI INFECTIONS PRESENTING AS FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN IN A TROPICAL...
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND PARATYPHI INFECTIONS PRESENTING AS FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN IN A TROPICAL COUNTRY.
http://www.mjhid.org/index.php/mjhid/article/view/2015.021/html_19
Microbiology Society Journals | Insertion sequence IS200 can differentiate drug-resistant and drug-sensitive Salmonella typhi...Microbiology Society Journals | Insertion sequence IS200 can differentiate drug-resistant and drug-sensitive Salmonella typhi...
Summary The type strains of Vi-phage type E1, M1 and A of Salmonella typhi, together with drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of phage types E1 and M1 isolated in 1992 from patients associated with India or Pakistan, and a drug-resistant strain of phage type A isolated in South Africa in 1991, were characterised with respect to the presence of plasmids conferring resistance to antimicrobial drugs and their chromosomal insertion sequence IS200 profiles. The three type strains, the drug-sensitive strains of Vi-phage types E1 and M1, and a strain of phage type M1 resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim but not to chloramphenicol, did not contain plasmids. In contrast, for strains of phage types E1 and M1 resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim, and for the drug-resistant strain of phage type A, the complete spectrum of resistance was encoded by high molecular mass plasmids belonging to the H1 incompatibility group. Characterisation of IS200 profiles demonstrated that at least 13
http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-6-454
Autres informations - Salmonella typhi (fièvre typhoïde) | PearltreesAutres informations - Salmonella typhi (fièvre typhoïde) | Pearltrees
British journal of biomedical science. 02/2008; Prevalence of Salmonella typhi among food handlers from bukkas in Nigeria. Talanta 77 (2008) 727-732 Salmonella
http://www.pearltrees.com/guatemalt/autres-informations/id4507837
Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and...Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and...
Wong VK, Baker S, Pickard DJ, Parkhill J, Page AJ, Feasey NA, Kingsley RA, Thomson NR, Keane JA, Weill FX, Edwards DJ, Hawkey J, Harris SR, Mather AE, Cain AK, Hadfield J, Hart PJ, Thieu NT, Klemm EJ, Glinos DA, Breiman RF, Watson CH, Kariuki S, Gordon MA, Heyderman RS, Okoro C, Jacobs J, Lunguya O, Edmunds WJ, Msefula C, Chabalgoity JA, Kama M, Jenkins K, Dutta S, Marks F, Campos J, Thompson C, Obaro S, MacLennan CA, Dolecek C, Keddy KH, Smith AM, Parry CM, Karkey A, Mulholland EK, Campbell JI, Dongol S, Basnyat B, Dufour M, Bandaranayake D, Naseri TT, Singh SP, Hatta M, Newton P, Onsare RS, Isaia L, Dance D, Davong V, Thwaites G, Wijedoru L, Crump JA, De Pinna E, Nair S, Nilles EJ, Thanh DP, Turner P, Soeng S, Valcanis M, Powling J, Dimovski K, Hogg G, Farrar J, Holt KE, Dougan G. Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and intracontinental transmission events. NATURE GENETICS 47 (6) : 632 - 9(2015) PubMed (Grant IDs: ...
https://www.mcri.edu.au/publications/phylogeographical-analysis-dominant-multidrug-resistant-h58-clade-salmonella-typhi
Proteinuria & Salmonella Typhi & Subacute Clinical Course<...Proteinuria & Salmonella Typhi & Subacute Clinical Course<...
Proteinuria, Salmonella Typhi, Subacute Clinical Course Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Urinary Tract Infection, Perinephric Abscess, Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search.
https://www.symptoma.com/en/ddx/proteinuria+salmonella-typhi+subacute-clinical-course
Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rgammanull mice are susceptible to by S J. Libby, M A. Brehm et al.Humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rgammanull mice are susceptible to by S J. Libby, M A. Brehm et al.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, is host-adapted to humans and unable to cause disease in mice. Here, we show that S. Typhi can replicate in vivo in nonobese diabetic (NOD)-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (hu-SRC-SCID mice) to cause a lethal infection with pathological and inflammatory cytokine responses resembling human typhoid. In contrast, S. Typhi does not exhibit net replication or cause illness in nonengrafted or immunocompetent control animals. Screening of transposon pools in hu-SRC-SCID mice revealed both known and previously unknown Salmonella virulence determinants, including Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Our observations indicate that the presence of human immune cells allows the in vivo replication of S. Typhi in mice. The hu-SRC-SCID mouse provides an unprecedented opportunity to gain insights into S. Typhi pathogenesis and devise strategies for the prevention of typhoid fever.
https://mouseion.jax.org/stfb2010/147/
A Closer Look: Antibiotics against severe salmonella infections in Africa increasingly ineffectiveA Closer Look: Antibiotics against severe salmonella infections in Africa increasingly ineffective
The results from the study are a first warning sign: reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was found in some salmonella serotypes; in one serotype, even half of the isolates were affected. Isolates of Salmonella Typhi, the pathogen that causes typhoid fever, did not show reduced susceptibility. However, in a multicountry analysis, Salmonella Typhi has already been found to have reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin; this being particularly high in Kenya. This is worrying because ciprofloxacin is going to be used more frequently with decreasing costs, explains May ...
http://patriciashannon.blogspot.com/2016/08/antibiotics-against-severe-salmonella.html
Microbiology Society Journals | Is nalidixic acid resistance linked to clinical virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi...Microbiology Society Journals | Is nalidixic acid resistance linked to clinical virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi...
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http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47822-0
A fast and highly sensitive blood culture PCR method for clinical detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi - The Jenner...
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Continue well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings ...
https://www.jenner.ac.uk/publications/119375
Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi a are avirulent in newborn and infant mice even when expressing virulence...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi a are avirulent in newborn and infant mice even when expressing virulence plasmid genes of salmonella Typhimurium. AU - Santander Javier, S. M.. AU - Roy, Curtiss. PY - 2010/11/1. Y1 - 2010/11/1. N2 - Background: Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are human host-restricted pathogens. Therefore, there is no small susceptible animal host that can be used to assess the virulence and safety of vaccine strains derived from these Salmonella serovars. However, infant mice have been used to evaluate virulence and colonization by another human host-restricted pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Methodology: The possibility that infant mice host could be adapted for Salmonella led us to investigate the susceptibility of newborn and infant mice to oral infection with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes enteric fever in adult mice and this system has been used as a model for human typhoid. The ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/salmonella-enterica-serovars-typhi-and-paratyphi-a-are-avirulent-
s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit card
TELL ME FAST Salmonella typhi s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardparatyphi A,B,C Antigens & S.Typhi IgG s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardIgM Antibody Combo Test Device is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the simultaneous & qualitative detection of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi ABC antigens in stool s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardserum s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardplasma and S.Typhi IgG s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardIgM Antibodies in serum s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardplasma s typhi antigen typhoid rapid test kit cardwhole blood.. ...
http://www.hugo-vanleeuwen.nl/mask/cfdf55d9c410248.html
Ovarian abscess caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full TextOvarian abscess caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
Typhoid fever is a human-specific disease caused by a bacterium, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi. It is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is mostly diagnosed by blood culture. Salmonella Typhi usually manifests as a febrile illness with bacteremia after initial entry through the gastrointestinal route, but it can occasionally cause significant disease in extraintestinal sites. We report a case of a girl in Fiji with a right ovarian abscess infected by Salmonella Typhi. A 14-year-old iTaukei (indigenous Fijian) girl presented to our hospital with abdominal pain of 1 months duration. Two days prior to her admission, she developed high-grade fever and nausea and had one episode of vomiting. On presentation, she appeared unwell; she was tachycardic (116 beats per minute) and febrile (38.8 °C). Her abdominal examination revealed generalized tenderness. Other examination findings were normal. The provisional diagnosis of abdominal sepsis led to an
https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-019-2229-y
The Genomic Blueprint of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12The Genomic Blueprint of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12
The genome of S. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12 was compared with the other two published S. enterica serovar Typhi genomes, CT18 (isolated from Vietnam) and Ty2 (isolated from Russia). Comparison between these three genomes revealed that the coding genes of S. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12 were 84% similar to those of CT18 [47] and Ty2 [9]. The genome organization of these three strains is shown in Figure 5. The location of the genes in strains P-stx-12 and Ty2 are identical. Both have three blocks of genes that are inverted from strain CT18. Our observations are in agreement with the work of Deng et al. [9], where they discovered that half of the Ty2 genome was inverted relative to the CT18 genome. Nevertheless, most of the genes have the same function, indicating that these are the possible housekeeping genes which maintain the survival of this pathogen. Besides that, this P-stx-12 strain has one plasmid which shares 169 orthologous CDSs with pHCM1, the plasmid belonging to CT18 (Genbank ...
http://standardsingenomics.org/content/7/3/483/
Typhoid fever - WikipediaTyphoid fever - Wikipedia
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi that causes symptoms.[3] Symptoms may vary from mild to severe and usually begin six to thirty days after exposure.[1][2] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days.[1] Weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, and headaches also commonly occur.[2][6] Diarrhea is uncommon and vomiting is not usually severe.[6] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots.[2] In severe cases there may be confusion.[6] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months.[2] Other people may carry the bacterium without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others.[4] Typhoid fever is a type of enteric fever along with paratyphoid fever.[3]. The cause is the bacterium Salmonella typhi, also known as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, growing in the intestines and blood.[2][6] Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_Fever
VIRULENCE FACTORS OF SALMONELLA | National Agricultural LibraryVIRULENCE FACTORS OF SALMONELLA | National Agricultural Library
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi), is a major human disease responsible for 21.6 million illnesses and 216,000 deaths annually. The pathogenesis of typhoid fever is incompletely understood due to the lack of suitable animal models for the strictly human-adapted S. Typhi. S. enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection of mice is commonly used to model the pathogenesis of S. Typhi infections in humans. A limitation of this approach is that S. Typhimurium does not cause typhoid fever in humans, but rather causes a localized gastroenteritis. As a result, virulence mechanisms that set typhoid fever apart from human gastroenteritis remain understudied. Experiments proposed in this application are aimed at addressing this important gap in knowledge. Our long-range goal is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Salmonella serotypes manipulate host responses during infection. The objectives of this application are to study the mechanism by which ...
https://www.nal.usda.gov/fsrio/research-projects/virulence-factors-salmonella
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Modification Impact on Serum Resistance and Antibody Recognition...
|jats:title|ABSTRACT|/jats:title| |jats:p| |jats:named-content content-type=genus-species|Salmonella enterica|/jats:named-content| serovar Typhi is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for causing an estimated 27 million cases of typhoid fever annually, leading to 217,000 deaths, and current vaccines do not offer full protection. The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. The composition of the O-antigen can be modified by the activity of glycosyltransferase ( |jats:italic|gtr|/jats:italic| ) operons acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Here we investigate the role of two |jats:italic|gtr|/jats:italic| operons that we identified in the |jats:italic|S|/jats:italic|
https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/679796
Efek Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi Secara In...Efek Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi Secara In...
Penyakit yang ditularkan melalui makanan mencakup spektrum yang luas dari penyakit dan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berkembang di seluruh dunia. Penyakit bawaaan makanan terjadi karena mencerna bahan makanan yang terkontaminasi baik oleh mikroorganisme atau bahan kimia. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol dari kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) mempunyai efek inhibisi terhadap pertumbuhan koloni Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro. Penelitian ini memakai metode eksperimental laboratorik bersifat komparatif dengan mengukur zona inhibisi yang terbentuk dari ekstrak kayu manis pada koloni Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi dan pengolahan data digunakan dengan metoda analisis statistik uji ANAVA satu arah dan Post Hoc LSD Test, dengan p ,0.005. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan diameter zona inhibisi rata-rata dari percobaan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 100% pada Staphylococcus aureus adalah 13.51 mm, hasil ini masih ...
http://repository.maranatha.edu/12718/
Salmonella - Academic Kids
Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid and foodborne illness. Salmonella does not ferment lactose. It is motile in nature and produces hydrogen sulfide. Disease-causing salmonellae have recently been re-classified into a single species, Salmonella enterica, which has numerous strains or serovars. Salmonella typhi is a well known serovar that causes typhoid fever. Other salmonellae are frequent causes of foodborne illness, and can especially be caught from poultry and more generally from food that has been cooked or frozen, and not eaten straight away. In the mid to late 20th century, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was a common contaminant of eggs. This is much less common now with the advent of hygiene measures in egg production and the vaccination of laying hens to prevent samonella colonisation. Many different salmonella serovars also cause severe diseases in animals other than human beings. ...
https://directory.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Salmonella
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Pathogens in Blood and Stool Samples among Patients Presenting with Typhoid Fever...Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Pathogens in Blood and Stool Samples among Patients Presenting with Typhoid Fever...
Typhoid fever is a waterborne and food borne disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). Studies have established that some patients presenting with typhoid-like symptoms are usually inflicted by other bacteria pathogens, which mayor may not be transmitted by fecal oral route. It is common belief that typhoid fever cases are high in Alupe and continue to cause significant morbidity among the people of Alupe, Busia County. The study focused on isolation and characterization of the bacteria pathogens in blood and stool among patients presenting with typhoid fever symptoms at two health facilities located in Alupe, Busia County. A total of one hundred and fifty patients were recruited and thereafter their blood and stool samples collected. Subsequently, laboratory analysis at KEMRI-CIPDCR was done to isolate and characterize bacteria pathogens as well as their antibiotic susceptibility profiles done. One hundred and forty nine blood cultures and 140 stool cultures were ...
http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/9199
Salmonella typhi Infection in an Ovarian Dermoid Report of a... : Obstetrics & GynecologySalmonella typhi Infection in an Ovarian Dermoid Report of a... : Obstetrics & Gynecology
Your account has been temporarily locked Your account has been temporarily locked due to incorrect sign in attempts and will be automatically unlocked in 30 mins. For immediate assistance, contact Customer Service: 800-638-3030 (within USA), 301-223-2300 (international) [email protected] ...
https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Citation/1963/07000/Salmonella_typhi_Infection_in_an_Ovarian_Dermoid.20.aspx
Typhoid infection, fever, abdominal pain. Widal test shows S typhi O, H positive. Recurring infection? - Doctors insight on...Typhoid infection, fever, abdominal pain. Widal test shows S typhi O, H positive. Recurring infection? - Doctors insight on...
Question - Typhoid infection, fever, abdominal pain. Widal test shows S typhi O, H positive. Recurring infection?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Typhoid, Ask an Internal Medicine Specialist
http://www.healthcaremagic.com/questions/Typhoid-infection-fever-abdominal-pain-Widal-test-shows-S-typhi-O-H-positive-Recurring-infection/335922
Azithromycin resistant typhoid - Metformin bivirkninger diarre
If typhoid fever is diagnosed in its early stages, a course of antibiotic tablets may be prescribed for you. Most people need to take these for 7 to 14 days.Typhoid fever vaccination in Vietnam Dr. Duc Dang Ahn Deputy Director. Antibiotic resistant typhoid is growing rapidly in Vietnam and.Antimicrobial resistance: a complex issue. typhoid fever,. antibiotic resistance by a bacterial cell is the occurrence of.2 Yale Journal of Medicine and law. When one of her employers became sick with typhoid. perhaps the greatest way to address antibiotic resistance.Typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi that, contrary to most of the species of the genus (Salmonella), only infect humans by causing an illness.. typhoid, Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi that causes symptoms Weakness, abdominal pain ...
http://restnews.ga/kybo/azithromycin-resistant-typhoid-tef.php
Is Widal test a confirmation of typhoid?Is Widal test a confirmation of typhoid?
I am a 38 years old male, who had severe weakness, dizziness, breathlessness and chest pain for over period of one month last year. It started with a throat infection. Finally, |b|I underwent Widal test, where my paratyphi B was found to be 1:160 and white blood cell (WBC) count was 3500.|/b| Based on this, I was treated for typhoid. But I never had fever in this period. I also underwent ECG and 2D echo cardiogram, which came normal. However, I was diagnosed with GERD. Two months back, I again went for Widal test, where my paratyphi B was found to be 1:20 and white blood cell (WBC) count was 6300. Now, I am again experiencing fatigue and chest pain. Widal test has revealed Typhi O as 1:80 and Typhi H 1:160. WBC came 4300. Is Widal test a confirmation of typhoid? I have no loose motions, fever and do exercise regularly.
https://doctor.ndtv.com/faq/is-widal-test-a-confirmation-of-typhoid-37626
North Korea battles typhoid outbreak in Ryanggang Province - Outbreak News TodayNorth Korea battles typhoid outbreak in Ryanggang Province - Outbreak News Today
While there is scant detail on the outbreak, the report notes that typhoid related deaths are increasing among the older people.. The outbreak is attributable to the Norths poor water supply, sewerage system and the Yalu River as many local residents in Ryanggang Province drink the water from the river without boiling it.. Typhoid fever is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Salmonella typhi lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. In addition, a small number of persons, called carriers, recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria. Both ill persons and carriers shed S.typhi in their feces.. You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding S. typhi or if sewage contaminated with S. typhi bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. Therefore, typhoid fever is more common in areas ...
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/north-korea-battles-typhoid-outbreak-ryanggang-province-95930/
Europe: Typhoid outbreak reported, linked to the European Rainbow gathering in Italy - Outbreak News TodayEurope: Typhoid outbreak reported, linked to the European Rainbow gathering in Italy - Outbreak News Today
To date, French authorities have reported three cases and Germany has reported one case. European authorities say additional cases are possibly associated with this event.. Typhoid fever, a rare disease in Europe, is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, is a life-threatening bacterial infection. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 21 million people annually.. Salmonella typhi lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. In addition, a small number of persons, called carriers, recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria. Both ill persons and carriers shed S.typhi in their feces.. Save up to 40% off tours & activities in Paris. You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding S. typhi or if sewage contaminated with S. typhi bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. Therefore, ...
https://outbreaknewstoday.com/europe-typhoid-outbreak-reported-linked-european-rainbow-gathering-italy-70039/
Adaptive acid tolerance response in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. - PubMed -...Adaptive acid tolerance response in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. - PubMed -...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15069673?dopt=Abstract
Assessment and comparative analysis of a rapid diagnostic test (Tubex ® ) for the diagnosis of typhoid fever among hospitalized...Assessment and comparative analysis of a rapid diagnostic test (Tubex ® ) for the diagnosis of typhoid fever among hospitalized...
Typhoid fever remains a significant health problem in many developing countries. A rapid test with a performance comparable to that of blood culture would be highly useful. A rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever, Tubex®, is commercially available that uses particle separation to detect immunoglobulin M directed towards Salmonella Typhi O9 lipopolysaccharide in sera. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the Tubex test among Tanzanian children hospitalized with febrile illness using blood culture as gold standard. Evaluation was done considering blood culture confirmed S. Typhi with non-typhi salmonella (NTS) and non - salmonella isolates as controls as well as with non-salmonella isolates only. Of 139 samples tested with Tubex, 33 were positive for S. Typhi in blood culture, 49 were culture-confirmed NTS infections, and 57 were other non-salmonella infections. Thirteen hemolyzed samples were excluded. Using all non - S. Typhi isolates as controls, we showed a sensitivity of 79% and a
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-11-147
Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern...Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern...
Although typhoid fever is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, data is not available in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis and associated factors of typhoid fever among febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2016, to October 30, 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A blood sample was collected and inoculated into Tryptic soy broth. A total of 421 adult febrile patients suspected of typhoid fever were included in the study. Of these, the overall prevalence of culture-confirmed typhoid fever was 5.0% (21/421). The prevalence of typhoid fever was significantly associated with rural residence (8.4%). As compared to the urban resident, the rural resident was 3.6 times more likely found to have culture-confirmed typhoid fever. The prevalence of typhoid fever was significantly
https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-018-3713-y
University of Lampung | LPPM-UNILA Institutional Repository (LPPM-UNILA-IR)University of Lampung | LPPM-UNILA Institutional Repository (LPPM-UNILA-IR)
Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) herb has known to have antibacterial activities against several bacterial strains. In this study, we tested leaf extract of the kenikir against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi strains. The extracts of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% (v/v) screened for their antibacterial activity in comparison with standard antibiotic chloramphenicol as the positive control and distilled water as the negative control using the disc-diffusion agar method. The MIC and MBCs value of the extracts was determined using broth dilution method followed by sub culturing bacterial suspension taken from the lowest concentration that completely showed no bacterial growth. The results showed all kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) leaf extract concentration levels applied (20-100%) on the tested bacteria exhibited growth inhibition higher than that of standard antibiotic (chloramphenicol). MIC and MBC value of the extract against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi consecutively are ...
http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/21261/
Journal of Kathmandu Medical College (JKMC)Journal of Kathmandu Medical College (JKMC)
Results: Out of 216 isolates, 68.05% were Salmonella typhi and 31.48% were Salmonella paratyphi A. In Salmonella typhi, there was signifi cant increase in cefotaxime resistance(X2 = 4.951, p , 0.05) and ciprofl oxacin resistance (X2 = 17.506, p ,0.001) whereas there was signifi cant decrease in ampicillin resistance (X2 = 4.830, p , 0.05). No resistance was seen against ceftriaxone in Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A. Resistance to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole was low as well, in both isolates. None of the isolates tested were multidrug resistant ...
http://jkmc.com.np/?page=viewAbstract&id=187
Symptoms Of Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever, also acknowledged as Salmonella Typhi or just Typhoid, is a worldwide common illness that transmits by ingestion of water or food contaminated with feces of an infected person. Then the bacteria Salmonella Typhi perforate through the wall of the intestinal and phagocytes by macrophages and alerts its structure to enforce their existence within Read more ...
http://www.healthtipspedia.com/tag/symptoms-of-typhoid-fever/
Typhoid Fever | Salmonella typhi - Professor PlumsTyphoid Fever | Salmonella typhi - Professor Plums
What do Pericles, Alexander the Great, and William the Conqueror all have in common? Typhoid Mary knows.... Learn all about Typhoid Fever with this unique item Great gift for science and history buffs
https://professorplums.com.au/products/the-typhoid-giant-microbe
Typhoid Fever in Adults: Condition, Treatments, and Pictures - Overview | skinsightTyphoid Fever in Adults: Condition, Treatments, and Pictures - Overview | skinsight
Typhoid fever is the name given to the illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, a member of the Salmonella family. Typhoid fever is spread through food and water contaminated by animal and human feces. Typhoid fever is very rare in the United States and other developed nations, and it is more common in underdeveloped nations, particularly Latin America, Asia, and Africa. When traveling to underdeveloped areas, a good way to remember what foods and beverages are safe is to think of the following: If you cannot boil it (to kill bacteria), peel it (to remove bacteria) or cook it (to kill bacteria), do not eat it. When traveling to areas without clean drinking water, also remember to avoid ice cubes, which may be made with contaminated water, and to check the seal on all bottled water that you purchase (as the water bottle may have been refilled with unclean water). Some travelers drink only carbonated water in order to avoid this issue ...
https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/atlas/typhoid-fever
Got typhoid fever S.typhi and O typhi. Taking ciprofloxacin. Suggest?Got typhoid fever S.typhi and O typhi. Taking ciprofloxacin. Suggest?
Question - Got typhoid fever S.typhi and O typhi. Taking ciprofloxacin. Suggest?. Ask a Doctor about Typhoid mary, Ask a General & Family Physician
http://www.healthcaremagic.com/premiumquestions/Got-typhoid-fever-Styphi-and-O-typhi-Taking-ciprofloxacin-Suggest/63569
Quorum Sensing and Host-Pathogen Communication in Salmonella Typhi | National Agricultural LibraryQuorum Sensing and Host-Pathogen Communication in Salmonella Typhi | National Agricultural Library
These goals will be achieved using a combination of analytical chemistry, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenotypic screens, and bacterial genetics. This proposal will provide novel insights in to the combined action of bacterial autoinducers and host-derived hormones on the biology and pathogenicity of S.Typhi. It will provide mechanistic molecular insights of the signal transduction pathways and how these different input signals are sensed and integrated to modulate the virulence and fitness of S.Typhi.. This will fill a significant gap in our knowledge of this under-studied area of research which has major implications in bacterial pathogenicity and the development of novel therapeutics. ...
https://www.nal.usda.gov/fsrio/research-projects/quorum-sensing-and-host-pathogen-communication-salmonella-typhi
Typhoid (Enteric) fevers - photos
Photo 3. Temperature chart in case of Salmonellosis with S. mansoni infection.. An association has been established between chronic Salmonella typhi infection and S. mansoni. Eradication of the helminth infection is needed to eliminate the Salmonella organism.. ...
http://medical-photographs.com/319-typhoid-enteric-fevers.html
Risk factors of typhoid fever amongst patients in the allahabad region, India | International Journal of Current Research
252 blood samples collected from patients of different localities of Allahabad region were found to be positive for typhoid fever when tested by Widal test. The causative agentSalmonella species were cultured from the blood samples and then were identified by using standard procedures. The isolates were identified as S. typhi, S. paratyphiA, S. typhimurium and S. bongori. Age, socio-economic status and seasonal variations were identified as significant risk factors associated with incidence of Salmonella infection. Blood samples were collected from both males and females belonging to the age groups from ˂1 to 50 years where the infection rate of typhoid fever was found to be higher among children. Socio-economic strata showed difference in incidence of Salmonella species with the low category showed highest number of isolates. Peak period of typhoid fever was found in June while a lower peak was noted in the month of November.. ...
http://journalcra.com/article/risk-factors-typhoid-fever-amongst-patients-allahabad-region-india
TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER. II. CONTROL OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS WITH CORTISONE* | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER. II. CONTROL OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS WITH CORTISONE* | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...
Despite the obvious benefits of chloramphenicol therapy in typhoid fever,1, 2 there are several problems in this disease which remain to be solved: (1) The present chloramphenicol regimens do not alleviate the toxemia of the disease for at least 36 to 48 hours and fail to eliminate the fever until about the fourth day; (2) relapses of typhoid fever occur in a certain percentage of treated patients3; (3) Salmonella typhosa continues to be shed in the feces for variable periods of time after therapy is begun,2 and (4) the typhoid carrier state when it exists is not permanently benefited by ...
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/674544/treatment-typhoid-fever-ii-control-clinical-manifestations-cortisone
WJPR | ABSTRACT
Dr. Priyadarshini M. Deodurg, Dr. Rajive Kumar Sureka. ABSTRACT. Enteric fever is a global health problem, widely prevalent in the developing countries where it is endemic. It is estimated that there are 22 million new cases of enteric fever annually, with 200,000 deaths. Although Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) remains the predominant Salmonella species causing enteric fever in India, Salmonella Paratyphi A (S.Paratyphi A) causing has also been reported increasingly. In India, antibiotic resistance among S. Typhi has been reported since 1960. Since then multi drug resistance has appeared throughout the world, especially in South America, the Indian subcontinent, Africa and Southeast Asia. In recent years there have been several reports indicating the re-emergence of susceptibility to drugs used in the past, such as Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin. There are very few studies on the sensitivity pattern of Salmonella in this region. The present study was done to know the antibiogram of S. Typhi and ...
http://www.wjpr.net/dashboard/abstract_id/1012
KEGG PATHWAY: Pentose phosphate pathway - Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2
The pentose phosphate pathway is a process of glucose turnover that produces NADPH as reducing equivalents and pentoses as essential parts of nucleotides. There are two different phases in the pathway. One is irreversible oxidative phase in which glucose-6P is converted to ribulose-5P by oxidative decarboxylation, and NADPH is generated [MD:M00006]. The other is reversible non-oxidative phase in which phosphorylated sugars are interconverted to generate xylulose-5P, ribulose-5P, and ribose-5P [MD:M00007]. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) formed from ribose-5P [MD:M00005] is an activated compound used in the biosynthesis of histidine and purine/pyrimidine nucleotides. This pathway map also shows the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where 6-P-gluconate is dehydrated and then cleaved into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3P [MD:M00008 ...
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?stt00030
Fluidigm | SupportFluidigm | Support
The first WB Injector is supplied free of charge along with a supply of Maxpar® Cell Acquisition Solution. Please contact your field application scientist (FAS) if you would like to try out the new Helios™ sample acquisition protocol and your FAS will help you place the order. Additional injectors can be purchased through Fluidigm by referencing Cat. No. 107950. …. ...
https://www.fluidigm.com/support/search?productLines=cyTOF2Instrument&productLines=helios
Typhoid Fever video: Typhoid Fever Symptoms - Symptoms And Prevention Of Typhoid Fever
Hi, I am Qila. On this occasion, I will talk about 5 Common Signs of Typhoid Fever that you should to know. Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever, caused by the Salmonella ...
http://typhoid-fever.purzuit.com/video/XfH8nMs0Cvs.html
Bacteria Salmonella
Typhoid fever, also acknowledged as Salmonella Typhi or just Typhoid, is a worldwide common illness that transmits by ingestion of water or food contaminated with feces of an infected person. Then the bacteria Salmonella Typhi perforate through the wall of the intestinal and phagocytes by macrophages and alerts its structure to enforce their existence within Read more ...
http://www.healthtipspedia.com/tag/bacteria-salmonella/
Typhoid Fever - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical CenterTyphoid Fever - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center
Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria (Salmonella typhi). The bacteria are passed on by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by someone with the disease. The bacteria are also found in the infected persons stool. You can also get the disease if water used for drinking or washing food is contaminated with sewage containing the bacteria. People who recover from typhoid fever can sometimes still carry the bacteria and can pass them on to other people. ...
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P01462
Typhoid Fever - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical CenterTyphoid Fever - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center
Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria (Salmonella typhi). The bacteria are passed on by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by someone with the disease. The bacteria are also found in the infected persons stool. You can also get the disease if water used for drinking or washing food is contaminated with sewage containing the bacteria. People who recover from typhoid fever can sometimes still carry the bacteria and can pass them on to other people. ...
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P01462&redir=urmc.rochester.edu
Typhoid Fever (Salmonella Typhi) Risk to Miami Chilis Patrons | Marler BlogTyphoid Fever (Salmonella Typhi) Risk to Miami Chilis Patrons | Marler Blog
The Miami-Dade Health Department said today that a cook at the Bayside Chilis restaurant has a confirmed case of a serious, contagious illness and l
http://www.marlerblog.com/case-news/typhoid-fever-salmonella-typhi-risk-to-miami-chilis-patrons/
2015 - Volume 7 [Issue 1] | European Journal of Medicinal Plants2015 - Volume 7 [Issue 1] | European Journal of Medicinal Plants
Aims: The therapeutic effect of Euphorbia heterophylla and cassava flakes mixture in treatment of Salmonellosis was studied in vivo.. Methodology: Antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia heterophylla was first evaluated using agar well diffusion method by measuring the diameters of zones of inhibition on Salmonella typhi in vitro. The test organism was susceptible to Euphorbia heterophylla extract. Albino rats were infected with Salmonella typhi and confirmed using WIDAL test.. Results: The result showed that the infectivity dose was 2.0×102 cfu/ml for an albino rat of average weight 110 g. The qualitative analysis of the phytochemical of the plant showed that anthraquinone, glycosides and alkaloid are present. The analysis of the pH of the white cassava flakes used was 3.83 while that of the red cassava flakes was 5.62. The titre value of the infected rats increased significantly from 1:20 to 1:160 three days after infection. Administration of Euphorbia heterophylla with cassava ...
https://journalejmp.com/index.php/EJMP/issue/view/2440
How Salmonella Survives In Environment - RedorbitHow Salmonella Survives In Environment - Redorbit
Scientists at the University of Liverpool have demonstrated how a single-celled organism, living freely in the environment, could be a source of Salmonella transmission to animals and humans.. Salmonella are microscopic living creatures that can contaminate almost any food type, causing diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever. Scientists know that Salmonella which can also cause typhoid fever has evolved unique mechanisms to prevent the bodys immune system from functioning effectively, but until now it was not understood how it survives so successfully in the environment.. Scientists at Liverpool, in collaboration with the Institute for Animal Health, have shown that Salmonella use a secretion system to protect themselves inside amoeba a single-celled organism living on land and in the water. The research suggests that amoeba may be a major source of Salmonella within the environment and could play a significant role in transmission of infection to man and animals.. Salmonella uses a ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1658525/how_salmonella_survives_in_environment/
Lysine-mannitol-glycerol agar, a medium for the isolation of Salmonella spp., including S. typhi and atypical strains. -...Lysine-mannitol-glycerol agar, a medium for the isolation of Salmonella spp., including S. typhi and atypical strains. -...
An agar medium for the isolation of Salmonella spp. is described. The medium, lysine-mannitol-glycerol agar, has features of both xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar and mannitol-lysine-crystal violet-brilliant green agar, but glycerol is added for the differentiation of Salmonella and Citrobacter spp. The medium facilitates the detection of strains having atypical fermentation patterns, such as the lactose- or sucrose-positive salmonellae. The medium also detects Salmonella typhi after enrichment.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Lysine-mannitol-glycerol-agar-a-medium-for-the-iso-Cox/f5e7a9d3114563d0d7d660576b09f6ee6babebf7
Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis, Physiologic Abnormalities, and the Carrier Problem. | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis, Physiologic Abnormalities, and the Carrier Problem. | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...
Typhoid fever continues to ravage mankind, and, although its attacks have been combatted therapeutically, serious complications and death occur, there is no completely effective vaccine, and the carrier problem is unsolved.. Studies in volunteers, designed to ascertain the effectiveness of typhoid vaccine, have permitted critical appraisal of the clinical disease, its variability, and physiologic alterations. Bacteremia often occurs prior to the onset of symptoms, and response to therapy is prompt. There appears to be no relationship between the height of the antibody titer (O and H) and the ability to isolate Salmonella typhosa from the blood during first infection or ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/678184/typhoid-fever-pathogenesis-physiologic-abnormalities-carrier-problem
Typhim Vi - Uses, Side Effects, Interactions - MedBroadcast.comTyphim Vi - Uses, Side Effects, Interactions - MedBroadcast.com
Typhim Vi: Typhoid vaccine is used to prevent typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). Typhoid is spread by contaminated water and food.
https://www.medbroadcast.com/drug/getdrug/typhim-vi
SYNTHESIS OF FRAGMENTS OF SALMONELLA TYPHI CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE AND THEIR ZWITTERIONIC ANALOGUES | Archivio Istituzionale...SYNTHESIS OF FRAGMENTS OF SALMONELLA TYPHI CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE AND THEIR ZWITTERIONIC ANALOGUES | Archivio Istituzionale...
Polysaccharide antigens are T cell-independent antigens, and do not induce immune B cell memory. Consequently, vaccines based on polysaccharides have limited clinical usefulness and induce short-lasting antibody responses in adults. Their immunogenicity can be enhanced by conjugation to an immunogenic carrier protein, generating T cell-dependent glycoconjugate antigens able to induce immunological memory. However, these glycoconjugates suffer from some problems. Recent investigations have found a group of structurally distinct bacterial polysaccharides able to activate T cells in vivo and in vitro. They present a zwitterionic charge motif distributed along the chain and, for this reason, they are called zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs). This zwitterionic charge motif is believed to be responsible for their particular immunological behavior. The integrity of the zwitterionic motif is essential for the biological activity of ZPS. However, it must be clarified if the introduction of the ...
https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/243479
Medical microbiology
Salmonella typhi endocarditis: a case report. Khan G Q; Kadri S M; Hassan G; Shahid I T; Gazanfar A; Kak M; Showkat H // Journal of Clinical Pathology;Oct2003, Vol. 56 Issue 10, p801 Salmonella are a rare cause of infective endocarditis. This report describes a case where Salmonella typhi was isolated from the blood and urine of a patient with echocardiographically documented aortic valve disease and endocarditis. The patient was treated with two weeks of ceftriaxone (3... ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/abstracts/9708236583/medical-microbiology
Bacteria and Antibacterial Drugs - MSD Manual Professional EditionBacteria and Antibacterial Drugs - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. Most bacteria live extracellularly. Some bacteria (eg, Salmonella typhi; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Legionella, Mycobacteria, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, and Chlamydophila species) preferentially reside and replicate intracellularly. Some bacteria such as chlamydiae, Chlamydophila species, and rickettsiae are obligate intracellular pathogens (ie, able to grow, reproduce, and cause disease only within the cells of the host). Others (eg, Salmonella typhi, Brucella species, Francisella tularensis, N. gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Legionella and Listeria species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) are facultative intracellular pathogens.
https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-jp/professional/infectious-diseases/bacteria-and-antibacterial-drugs
bostongop: Nursing Care Plan Typhoid Fever by ahmed.1319bostongop: Nursing Care Plan Typhoid Fever by ahmed.1319
Hello, are you looking for article Nursing Care Plan Typhoid Fever by ahmed.1319? If it is true we are very fortunate in being able to provide information Nursing Care Plan Typhoid Fever by ahmed.1319 And good article Nursing Care Plan Typhoid Fever by ahmed.1319 This could benefit/solution for you. ...
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Hepatitis A vaccineHepatitis A vaccine
Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide and hepatitis A virus antigen) Vaccine". Retrieved 18 October 2020. "Vivaxim Salmonella ... typhi vaccine; Hepatitis A vaccine". Retrieved 18 October 2020. "Vivaxim 1mL injection syringe composite pack". Therapeutic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_vaccine
Hepatitis A and typhoid vaccineHepatitis A and typhoid vaccine
"Vivaxim Salmonella typhi vaccine; Hepatitis A vaccine". Retrieved 18 October 2020. "Vivaxim 1mL injection syringe composite ... It is a combination of inactivated Hepatitis A virus and Vi polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi bacteria. Branded formulations ... "Australian Product Information - Vivaxim (Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide and hepatitis A virus antigen) Vaccine" (PDF). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A_and_typhoid_vaccine
Typhoid feverTyphoid fever
S. enterica Typhi is believed to infect and replicate only within humans. Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella ... Yap KP, Ho WS, Gan HM, Chai LC, Thong KL (2016). "Global MLST of Salmonella Typhi Revisited in Post-genomic Era: Genetic ... Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to ... enterica serovar Typhi. Based on MLST subtyping scheme, the two main sequence types of the S. Typhi are ST1 and ST2, which are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever
Gallbladder cancerGallbladder cancer
Ferreccio, C. (2012). "Salmonella typhi and Gallbladder Cancer". Bacteria and Cancer. pp. 117-137. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2585- ... chronic Salmonella typhi carriers have 3 to 200 times higher risk of gallbladder cancer than non-carriers and 1-6% lifetime ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder_cancer
Lee Byung-heon (biochemist)Lee Byung-heon (biochemist)
Jesudasan, M.; John, T. J.; Gupta, B. L.; Bhujwala, R. A.; Shriniwas (1990). "Multiresistant Salmonella typhi in India". Lancet ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Byung-heon_(biochemist)
Toll-like receptor 11Toll-like receptor 11
October 2012). "A mouse model of Salmonella typhi infection". Cell. 151 (3): 590-602. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.042. PMC ... TLR11 mounts an immune response to multiple microbes, including Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Salmonella species, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor_11
Toll-like receptorToll-like receptor
As mouse TLR11 is able to recognize Salmonella effectively, normal mice do not get infected by oral Salmonella Typhi, which ... October 2012). "A mouse model of Salmonella typhi infection". Cell. 151 (3): 590-602. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.042. PMC ... The flagellin from the enteropathogen Salmonella is also recognized by TLR11. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor
Salmonella entericaSalmonella enterica
Most of the human pathogenic Salmonella serovars belong to the enterica subspecies. These serogroups include S. Typhi, S. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salmonella enterica. Notes on Salmonella nomenclature Salmonella+enterica at the US ... Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-headed, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative ... 97 bacterial sRNAs from Salmonella Typhi were discovered. AsdA (antisense RNA of dnaA) is a cis-encoded antisense RNA of dnaA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_enterica
DCA agarDCA agar
... salmonella strains that cause food poisoning and Salmonella Paratyphi. It is not so selective for Salmonella Typhi. This growth ... Salmonella spp appear to be yellow or colourless colonies, often with a dark centre. As there are many bacteria that also look ... like Salmonella on DCA, it is widely recommended that more selective agars are used for the identification of Salmonella, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCA_agar
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Cells expressing a mutant form of the CFTR protein are resistant to invasion by the Salmonella typhi bacterium, the agent of ... May 1998). "Salmonella typhi uses CFTR to enter intestinal epithelial cells". Nature. 393 (6680): 79-82. Bibcode:1998Natur.393 ... since CFTR has been shown to act as a receptor for Salmonella typhi bacteria to enter intestinal epithelial cells. Cystic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis_transmembrane_conductance_regulator
History of typhoid feverHistory of typhoid fever
Salmonella Typhi is now a major threat. MDR Salmonella Typhi is a growing problem in Africa. Crump JA, Mintz ED (January 2010 ... Gonzalez-Escobedo G, Marshall JM, Gunn JS (January 2011). "Chronic and acute infection of the gall bladder by Salmonella Typhi ... July 2012). "Genetic fine structure of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain associated with the 2005 outbreak of typhoid ... September 2012). "Insights from the genome sequence of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain associated with a sporadic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_typhoid_fever
Tsou plotTsou plot
Tsou's plot has also given good results with other systems, such the type I dehydroquinase from Salmonella typhi, for which ... "Characterization of the Type I Dehydroquinase from Salmonella typhi". Biochem. J. 295 (1): 277-285. doi:10.1042/Bj2950277. PMC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsou_plot
Albert BalowsAlbert Balows
Blaser, M. J.; Hickman, F. W.; Farmer, J. J.; Brenner, D. J.; Balows, A.; Feldman, R. A. (1980). "Salmonella typhi: The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Balows
Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis
May 1998). "Salmonella typhi uses CFTR to enter intestinal epithelial cells". Nature. 393 (6680): 79-82. Bibcode:1998Natur.393 ... Typhoid: Normal CFTR proteins are also essential for the entry of Salmonella Typhi into cells, suggesting that carriers of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis
Alpha-D-phosphohexomutase superfamilyAlpha-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily
Rathi B, Sarangi AN, Trivedi N (October 2009). "Genome subtraction for novel target definition in Salmonella typhi". ... Among bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium and Thermus thermophilus have PGM enzymes of characterized 3D structure. In eukaryotes, ... The highest resolution structure is from Salmonella typhimurium (1.7 A), with PDB ID 3na5. In addition, biochemical studies ... Paterson GK, Cone DB, Peters SE, Maskell DJ (October 2009). "The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) is required by Salmonella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-D-phosphohexomutase_superfamily
TyphusTyphus
Dougan G, Baker S (2014-09-08). "Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever". Annual Review of ... Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. In Canada alone, the typhus epidemic of 1847 killed ... and murine typhus is due to Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas. Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus
Peyers patchPeyer's patch
Salmonella typhi and poliovirus also target this section of the intestine. Medicine portal Lung cancer Influenza Wikimedia ... 6232, p. 26, doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6232.26-a, PMC 1713722, PMID 7407483, Unlike S hadar peritonitis, S typhi peritonitis is due ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyer's_patch
Cytolethal distending toxinCytolethal distending toxin
Different from all other CDTs, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CDT (SeCDT) has no CdtA and CdtC homologues. However, encoded ... Spanò S, Ugalde JE, Galán JE (January 2008). "Delivery of a Salmonella Typhi exotoxin from a host intracellular compartment". ... Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (typhoid fever) Campylobacter upsaliensis (enterocolitis) Campylobacter jejuni ( ... In addition, different from all other CDTs, Salmonella genotoxin is produced only upon bacterial internalization in infected ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolethal_distending_toxin
Salmonella enterica subsp. entericaSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella Typhi whereas, full designation for Salmonella Typhi is Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi. Each ... Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a subspecies of Salmonella enterica, the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative ... Invasive strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella, such as Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 have recently been labelled as causing ... Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi emerged in Pakistan, primarily from the cities of Hyderabad and Karachi. Multidrug resistant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella_enterica_subsp._enterica
Transposon sequencingTransposon sequencing
Simultaneous assay of every Salmonella Typhi gene using one million transposon mutants. Genome Res. 2009;19:2308-16. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposon_sequencing
Irshad HussainIrshad Hussain
Metal nanoparticles assisted polymerase chain reaction for strain typing of Salmonella typhi' Analyst, 2015. 'From porous gold ... "Metal nanoparticle assisted polymerase chain reaction for strain typing of Salmonella Typhi". Analyst. 140 (21): 7366-7372. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irshad_Hussain
Rose spotsRose spots
These fevers occur following infection by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi respectively. Rose spots may also occur ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_spots
List of sequenced bacterial genomesList of sequenced bacterial genomes
2004). "Comparison of genome degradation in Paratyphi A and Typhi, human-restricted serovars of Salmonella enterica that cause ... 2003). "Comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains Ty2 and CT18". J Bacteriol. 185 (7): 2330-7. doi: ... 2001). "Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18". Nature. 413 (6858): 848- ... 2004). "Complete genome sequence of Rickettsia typhi and comparison with sequences of other rickettsiae". J Bacteriol. 186 (17 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_bacterial_genomes
Essential geneEssential gene
December 2009). "Simultaneous assay of every Salmonella Typhi gene using one million transposon mutants". Genome Research. 19 ( ... Knuth K, Niesalla H, Hueck CJ, Fuchs TM (March 2004). "Large-scale identification of essential Salmonella genes by trapping ... November 2016). "Identification of Essential Genes in the Salmonella Phage SPN3US Reveals Novel Insights into Giant Phage Head ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_gene
SalmonellaSalmonella
Typhoidal serotypes include Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, which are adapted to humans and do not occur in other ... Initially, each Salmonella "species" was named according to clinical considerations, for example Salmonella typhi-murium (mouse ... The two species of Salmonella are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. S. enterica is the type species and is further ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salmonella. Wikispecies has information related to Salmonella. Background on Salmonella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella
Duncan MaskellDuncan Maskell
"High-throughput sequencing provides insights into genome variation and evolution in Salmonella Typhi". Nature Genetics. 40 (8 ... Salmonella infections: clinical, immunological, and molecular aspects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. García-Álvarez, ... "Salmonella typhimuriumaroA mutants as carriers of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit to the murine ... and purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium: attention, persistence, and ability to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Maskell
Superspreading eventSuperspreading event
It has been found that Salmonella typhi persists in infected mice macrophages that have cycled from an inflammatory state to a ... Typhoid fever is a human-specific disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is highly contagious and becoming ... S. typhi is susceptible to creating asymptomatic carriers. The most famous carriers are Mary Mallon, known as Typhoid Mary, ... "Salmonella Require the Fatty Acid Regulator PPARδ for the Establishment of a Metabolic Environment Essential for Long-Term ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event
Bacteriological water analysisBacteriological water analysis
Species commonly investigated in the temperate zone include Salmonella typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium. Depending on the ... basic fuchsin and was originally developed for the isolation of Salmonella typhi, but is now commonly used in water analysis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriological_water_analysis
Edwin KlebsEdwin Klebs
He identified the typhoid bacillus (now named Salmonella typhi) before Karl Joseph Eberth. Klebs identified four "Grundversuche ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Klebs
PathogenomicsPathogenomics
October 2001). "Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18". Nature. 413 ( ... "A global resource for genomic predictions of antimicrobial resistance and surveillance of Salmonella Typhi at pathogenwatch". ... Until 2022, the most sequenced pathogens are Salmonella enterica and E. coli - Shigella. The sequencing technologies, the ... Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia pestis. Over time, the pseudogenes are deleted, and the organisms become fully dependent on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenomics
Endo agarEndo agar
Originally developed for the isolation of Salmonella typhi, it is now used mostly as a coliform medium. Most gram-negative ... Salmonella species. Endo agar typically contains (w/v): 1.0 % peptone 0.25 % dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) 1.0 % ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endo_agar
Rhodesia and weapons of mass destructionRhodesia and weapons of mass destruction
... and Salmonella typhi (causative agent of typhoid fever), and toxins-such as ricin and botulinum toxin.[page needed] Although ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Ty21aTy21a
Typhi in which multiple genes, including the genes responsible for the production of Vi, have been deleted so as to render it ... "Ty21a Live Oral Typhoid Vaccine and Prevention of Paratyphoid Fever Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty21a
DepurationDepuration
... via Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Typhi) and other illnesses attributed to polluted shellfish being consumed. As ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depuration
Carcinogenic bacteriaCarcinogenic bacteria
Salmonella Typhi has been linked to gallbladder cancer but may also be useful in delivering chemotherapeutic agents for the ... June 2015). "Salmonella Manipulation of Host Signaling Pathways Provokes Cellular Transformation Associated with Gallbladder ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenic_bacteria
Samir Kumar SahaSamir Kumar Saha
Salmonella typhi/paratyphi, etc. Saha has published more than 150 papers in peer-reviewed journals, mostly exploring the topics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samir_Kumar_Saha
Attenuated vaccineAttenuated vaccine
Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Confers Immunoprotection against Infection by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi". ... Odey, Friday; Okomo, Uduak; Oyo-Ita, Angela (2018-12-05). "Vaccines for preventing invasive salmonella infections in people ... Anthrax vaccine Cholera vaccine Plague vaccine Salmonella vaccine Tuberculosis vaccine Typhoid vaccine Live attenuated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine
2016-2022 Yemen cholera outbreak2016-2022 Yemen cholera outbreak
Salmonella typhi, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sonnei - among other harmful fecal coliforms - are present in this wastewater, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016–2022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak
List of bacterial genera named after personal namesList of bacterial genera named after personal names
For example, Salmonella is named after D.E. Salmon, who discovered it (albeit as "Bacillus typhi"). For the generic epithet, ... Salmonella entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on ... an American astrobiologist Salmonella - Daniel E. Salmon, a U.S. veterinary surgeon Samsonia - Régine Samson, a French ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bacterial_genera_named_after_personal_names
Subclinical infectionSubclinical infection
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhoid fever) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and other coronaviruses Staphylococcus aureus ... Sirinavin S, Pokawattana L, Bangtrakulnondh A (June 2004). "Duration of nontyphoidal Salmonella carriage in asymptomatic adults ... nontyphoidal Salmonella noroviruses Poliovirus (Poliomyelitis) Plasmodium (Malaria) Rabies lyssavirus (Rabies) rhinoviruses ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclinical_infection
Intracellular parasiteIntracellular parasite
Bacterial examples include: Bartonella henselae Francisella tularensis Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella Typhi Brucella ... Jantsch, J.; Chikkaballi, D.; Hensel, M. (2011). "Cellular aspects of immunity to intracellular Salmonella enterica". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_parasite
Liebermeisters ruleLiebermeister's rule
... tularaemia and salmonella typhi.[citation needed] It is named for Carl von Liebermeister.[citation needed] "Liebermeister's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebermeister's_rule
Gram-negative bacteriaGram-negative bacteria
Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi). Gram-negative bacteria associated with hospital-acquired infections include ... The proteobacteria are a major superphylum of gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria
Karl Joseph EberthKarl Joseph Eberth
... the bacillus that causes typhoid fever goes by the scientific name of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi. " ... "Eberthella typhi", "Eberth's bacillus" and "Gaffky-Eberth bacillus". Today ... Council Vol.3 No.2 October 2005 Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Joseph_Eberth
Claire M. FraserClaire M. Fraser
... the Human Gut Microbiome Correlate with Clinical Outcome following Infection with Wild-Type Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_M._Fraser
AB5 toxinAB5 toxin
"The B subunit of an AB5 toxin produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi up-regulates chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion ... ArtAB toxin of Salmonella enterica has components similar to those found in two different families: the ArtA (Q404H4) subunit ... subunit is homologous with subB as well as proteins found in other Salmonella strains. Under the categorize-by-A rule, it is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB5_toxin
GalP (protein)GalP (protein)
Salmonella Typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6). This symporter uses the influx of sodium ions in order to bring citrate into ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GalP_(protein)
Andreas J. BäumlerAndreas J. Bäumler
Salmonella serotypes such as typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi and gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella ... He is one of the leading researchers in the field of Salmonella research and has several highly cited publications on the topic ... The Bäumler lab aims to understand what Salmonella virulence factors and host factors contribute to the different disease ... of Salmonella infection, immunity to Salmonella, and the interactions between the host, pathogen and the intestinal microbiota ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_J._Bäumler
Typhus (disambiguation)Typhus (disambiguation)
Typhus may also refer to: Typhoid fever or Typhus abdominalis, caused by a subspecies of Salmonella Typhi Paratyphoid fever, a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus_(disambiguation)
Wilderness-acquired diarrheaWilderness-acquired diarrhea
Many other varieties of diarrhea-causing organisms, including Shigella and Salmonella typhi, and hepatitis A virus, can survive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilderness-acquired_diarrhea
Santasabuj DasSantasabuj Das
... types of infections caused by Salmonella in humans and he has done studies in the fields of pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhi ... "An adhesion protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is required for pathogenesis and potential target for vaccine ... "An Inducible and Secreted Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Promotes Intracellular ... He is known for his studies on the pathogenesis of various types of infections caused by Salmonella in humans and is an elected ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santasabuj_Das
Georg Theodor August GaffkyGeorg Theodor August Gaffky
... was a Hanover-born bacteriologist best known for identifying bacillus salmonella typhi as the cause of typhoid disease in 1884 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Theodor_August_Gaffky
Salmonella typhi organism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ImageSalmonella typhi organism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
The causative agent of typhoid fever is the bacterium Salmonella typhi. (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and ... The causative agent of typhoid fever is the bacterium Salmonella typhi. (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1048.htm
Ver por tema "Salmonella typhi"
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 20: salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (‎typhoid)‎ vaccines  ... Salmonella serotipo Typhi, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae / Autores principales: Mindy J. Perilla ... [‎et al.]‎  ... Salmonella serotype Typhi, Shigella, and Vibrio cholerae / Principal authors: Mindy J. Perilla ... [‎et al.]‎  ...
https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?locale-attribute=pt&type=mesh&authority=Salmonella+typhi
Ver por tema Salmonella typhiVer por tema "Salmonella typhi"
The immunological basis for immunization series: module 20: salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (‎typhoid)‎ vaccines  ... Salmonella serotipo Typhi, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae / Autores principales: Mindy J. Perilla ... [‎et al.]‎  ... Salmonella serotype Typhi, Shigella, and Vibrio cholerae / Principal authors: Mindy J. Perilla ... [‎et al.]‎  ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=pt&type=mesh&authority=Salmonella+typhi
Extraintestinal Seeding of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi, Pakistan - Volume 27, Number 3-March 2021 - Emerging Infectious...
... of XDR and non-XDR Salmonella Typhi from extraintestinal organ infections after the recognition of an XDR Salmonella Typhi ... We evaluated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi strains isolated from all body sites in Pakistan during 2013-2018. Despite an ... Extraintestinal Seeding of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi, Pakistan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021;27(3):936-938. doi: ... What after ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in treatment of Salmonella Typhi. Pak J Med Sci. 2006;22:51-4. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/3/20-0464
WHO EMRO | In vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: a search for a treatment...
In vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: a search for a treatment regimen for ... Antibiogram, phage typing and biotyping of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A from Rourkela, Orissa. Indian journal of ... Enteric fever due to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a major health hazard, even with the introduction of ... In vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: a search for a treatment regimen for ...
http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-2/article2.html
Drug-resistant Salmonella serotype TyphiDrug-resistant Salmonella serotype Typhi
About: Salmonella Typhi causes a serious disease called typhoid fever, which can be life-threatening. Most people in the U.S. ... Title : Drug-resistant Salmonella serotype Typhi Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); ... Drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella Cite CITE. Title : Drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella Corporate Authors(s) : Centers ... Type: BacteriaAbout: Nontyphoidal Salmonella can spread from animals to people through food, and usually causes diarrhea, fever ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/83743
Altmetric - Genotyping of Salmonella Typhi using 8-loci multi locus VNTR analysisAltmetric - Genotyping of Salmonella Typhi using 8-loci multi locus VNTR analysis
MLVA method and PFGE based on Xba I enzyme were applied to the 103 Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated from different years ... Genotyping of Salmonella Typhi using 8-loci multi locus VNTR analysis. Overview of attention for article published in Gut ... Typhi isolates. MLVA based on the 8-loci had higher discriminatory power than PFGE for S. Typhi subtyping. The 8-loci MLVA is ... The established 8-loci MLVA for S. Typhi subtyping had higher discriminatory power than PFGE. In some cases, PFGE could not ...
https://www.altmetric.com/details/6467764
Typhoid Fever (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi)| CDCTyphoid Fever (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi)| CDC
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi) case definitions; uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. ... Typhoid Fever (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi). Typhoid Fever (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi) ... Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi) , 1997 Case Definition. Related Condition(s). *Salmonella Paratyphi infection (Salmonella ...
https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/?p=126756
Pseudogene accumulation in the evolutionary histories of Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and Typhi | BMC Genomics |...Pseudogene accumulation in the evolutionary histories of Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and Typhi | BMC Genomics |...
However, S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are restricted to the human host and cause the similar systemic diseases ... By determining whether each shared and serovar-specific pseudogene had been recombined between Paratyphi A and Typhi, we found ... Genome sequence similarity between Paratyphi A and Typhi has been attributed to convergent evolution via relatively recent ... A comparative analysis of pseudogene complements of these and two finished Typhi genomes (CT18, Ty2) identified several ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-10-36
Plasmid Incidence Rate and Conjugative Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline Resistance Plasmids in Malaysian Isolates of Salmonella...
N2 - Seven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of 71 to ... AB - Seven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of 71 to ... Seven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of 71 to 166 ... abstract = "Seven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of ...
https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/plasmid-incidence-rate-and-conjugative-chloramphenicol-and-tetrac
Salmonella Typhi (Salmonella Typhi | Isolate): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - SymptomaSalmonella Typhi (Salmonella Typhi | Isolate): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - Symptoma
Salmonella Typhi | Isolate): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis. ... Objectives: Describe the epidemiology of Salmonella typhi. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pathophysiology All pathogenic Salmonella species ... This is the first case report of metastatic, bilateral panophthalmitis caused by Salmonella typhi. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] ... We report on three children with Salmonella typhi presenting with fever and urticaria, thrombocytopenic purpura and meningitis. ...
https://www.symptoma.com/en/info/salmonella-typhi
IMSEAR at SEARO: Dual Salmonella typhi infection.
Adhikary Ranjeeta, Joshi S. Dual Salmonella typhi infection. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology. 2011 Oct-Dec 54(4): ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/142136
Table - CTX-M-producing Non-Typhi Salmonella spp. Isolated from Humans, United States - Volume 17, Number 1-January 2011 -...
CTX-M-producing Non-Typhi Salmonella spp. Isolated from Humans, United States Maria Sjölund-Karlsson. , Rebecca Howie, Amy ... Characteristics of non-Typhi Salmonella isolates harboring blaCTX-M genes reported to the National Antimicrobial Resistance ... CTX-M-producing Non-Typhi Salmonella spp. Isolated from Humans, United States. ...
https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/1/10-0511-t1
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyHemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Salmonella typhi * Campylobacter jejuni * Yersinia pseudotuberculosis * Neisseria meningitidis * Streptococcus pneumoniae * ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/201181-62905/which-patient-group-is-at-highest-risk-for-hemolytic-uremic-syndrome-hus
Non-typhi Salmonella in Children with Severe MalariaNon-typhi Salmonella in Children with Severe Malaria
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/18048
Clinically and Microbiologically Derived Azithromycin Susceptibility Breakpoints for Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and...Clinically and Microbiologically Derived Azithromycin Susceptibility Breakpoints for Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and...
Clinically and Microbiologically Derived Azithromycin Susceptibility Breakpoints for Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and ... Clinically and Microbiologically Derived Azithromycin Susceptibility Breakpoints for Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and ...
https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/568423?89457f5a-700c-11ed-8566-061b866677b4
Frequency and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Culture-Positive Salmonella Typhi in Children. | J Coll Physicians Surg Pak...Frequency and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Culture-Positive Salmonella Typhi in Children. | J Coll Physicians Surg Pak...
Frequency and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Culture-Positive Salmonella Typhi in Chil ... Frequency and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Culture-Positive Salmonella Typhi in Children. ... Salmonella typhi; Febre Tifoide/diagnóstico; Febre Tifoide/tratamento farmacológico; Azitromicina/farmacologia; Azitromicina/ ... KEY WORDS Enteric fever, Salmonella, Antibiotic sensitivity, Blood culture, MDR, XDR, Azithromycin, Meropenem. ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-36945161
View of Study of genetic diversity of |em|Salmonella typhi|/em| using pulsed-field gel electrophoresisView of Study of genetic diversity of |em|Salmonella typhi|/em| using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Return to Article Details Study of genetic diversity of ,em,Salmonella typhi,/em, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ...
https://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/25/24
Pediatric Infective Pericarditis: Background, Anatomy, PathophysiologyPediatric Infective Pericarditis: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
Dawar R, Ganjoo A, Imdadi F, Bhandari V. Multidrug resistant invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from and masquerading ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897899-overview
Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and patterns of drug resistance of Salmonella Typhi in Karachi, Pakistan - Centre for...
The emergence of azithromycin-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Nepal * First do no harm: practitioners ability to diagnose ... Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and patterns of drug resistance of Salmonella Typhi in Karachi, Pakistan ... Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and patterns of drug resistance of Salmonella Typhi in Karachi, Pakistan ... New variant of drug-resistant Salmonella enterica associated with invasive disease in immunocompromised patients in Vietnam ...
https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/505383
Peran Imunitas pada Infeksi Salmonella Typhi | UNG REPOSITORY
Peran Imunitas pada Infeksi Salmonella Typhi di EBOOK ... Peran Imunitas pada Infeksi Salmonella Typhi Tanggal: 17.11. ...
https://repository.ung.ac.id/en/kategori/show/ebook/21817/peran-imunitas-pada-infeksi-salmonella-typhi.html
An evaluation of purified Salmonella Typhi protein antigens for the serological diagnosis of acute typhoid fever - The Jenner...
An evaluation of purified Salmonella Typhi protein antigens for the serological diagnosis of acute typhoid fever ... An evaluation of purified Salmonella Typhi protein antigens for the serological diagnosis of acute typhoid fever ...
https://www.jenner.ac.uk/publications/697736
Cloning, Sequencing, and In silico Characterization of Omp 28 of Salmonella Typhi (strain MTCC 733) to Develop r-DNA Vaccine...Cloning, Sequencing, and In silico Characterization of Omp 28 of Salmonella Typhi (strain MTCC 733) to Develop r-DNA Vaccine...
Background: Typhoid is one of the most important diseases of human beings caused by Salmonella Typhi. There are many vaccine ... Cloning, Sequencing, and In silico Characterization of Omp 28 of Salmonella Typhi (strain MTCC 733) to Develop r-DNA Vaccine ... reported against Salmonella Typhi, but search for new candidate vaccine antigens is still going on because presently available ... Objective: Cloning, Sequencing and In silico analysis of Omp 28 gene to develop r-DNA vaccine of S.Typhi. Materials and Methods ...
https://jnsbm.org/article/2352
Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi. A preliminary report | Read by...Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi. A preliminary report | Read by...
Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi. A preliminary report. I L Acharya ... a pilot study followed by a large clinical trial in Nepal of the use of the capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Vi) as ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/3657877/prevention-of-typhoid-fever-in-nepal-with-the-vi-capsular-polysaccharide-of-salmonella-typhi-a-preliminary-report
Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para Typhi Test Near Me | Test Cost Delhi | GDICSalmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para Typhi Test Near Me | Test Cost Delhi | GDIC
Book Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para Typhi Test at best price in Delhi NCR, India from GDIC. NABL Accredited. Fast and ... Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para Typhi Test Near Me, Delhi. ... Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para Typhi Test. Includes. ... The cost of Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para typhi Test in Delhi: The Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para typhi Test costs ... Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para Typhi Test. Book Salmonella Typhi And Salmonella Para typhi Test at the best price in ...
https://www.ganeshdiagnostic.com/salmonella-typhi-and-salmonella-para-typhi
TyphoidSerovarInfectionIsolatesSEROTYPE TYPHIBacteriaShigellaStrains of Salmonella typhiInfectionsBacteriumPathogensSusceptibilityEscherichia ColiParatyphiEnterica serovarsDrug-resistantSystemic2018ResistantSerovarsFecesNeisseriaImmunityLives only in humansAntibioticEpidemiologyContaminationPakistanVaccineDiagnosisCandidaColi2020ResistanceBiochemical
Typhoid20
  • Salmonella Typhi bacteria cause typhoid fever, a potentially life-threatening disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination before travel to countries where the Salmonella eptible t disease is common may prevent typhoid fever. (cdc.gov)
  • Typhoid fever is a systemic illness caused by the bacterium Salmonel a enterica serotype Typhi (Typhi). (cdc.gov)
  • However, S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A are restricted to the human host and cause the similar systemic diseases typhoid and paratyphoid fever. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibiotics that kill the Salmonella bacteria treat typhoid fever. (symptoma.com)
  • Typhoid is one of the most important diseases of human beings caused by Salmonella Typhi. (jnsbm.org)
  • Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi. (qxmd.com)
  • We conducted a pilot study followed by a large clinical trial in Nepal of the use of the capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Vi) as a vaccine to prevent typhoid fever. (qxmd.com)
  • Typhoid fever transmission occurs through ingestion of food or water contaminated with Salmonella Typhi, and case-control studies are often conducted to identify outbreak sources and transmission vehicles. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated the acquisition of natural immunity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in a region where typhoid is endemic by testing sera from an age-stratified sample of 210 healthy participants in Kathmandu, Nepal, for bactericidal activity toward S. Typhi and for anti-Vi capsular polysaccharide antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • What was striking about Typhoid Mary, as the newspapers nicknamed her, was that she herself was healthy-proof that people could harbour and transmit S. typhi without showing symptoms of the illness it causes. (economist.com)
  • Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Anyone ill with typhoid fever and carriers shed Salmonella Typhi in their feces (stool). (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi, the parasite that spreads through water and food, making the disease highly contagious. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Soper learned that most of the food Mallon served was cooked, and therefore most likely safe from the salmonella that caused typhoid fever. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Enteric fever or typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are systemic illnesses caused by specific gram-negative bacilli Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, B, and C belonging to the species Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica. (cureus.com)
  • module 20: salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (typhoid) vaccines. (who.int)
  • A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER . (bvsalud.org)
  • The most severe form, typhoid fever, is caused by Salmonella Typhi. (unitedsafetyagents.com)
  • Typhoid is a common disease worldwide, which spreads by salmonella typhi bacteria transmitte. (veethi.com)
Serovar18
  • The emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and 3rd-generation cephalosporins is a concern for physicians in developing countries. (who.int)
  • This study assessed the in vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against 464 S. enterica serovar Typhi isolates obtained from blood of patients clinically suspected of enteric fever who attended the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine from 1991 to 2003. (who.int)
  • L'apparition d'isolats de Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi montrant une résistance à la ciprofloxacine et aux céphalosporines de 3e génération inquiète les médecins des pays en développement. (who.int)
  • La présente étude a évalué l'activité in vitro de la gentamicine et de l'amikacine contre 464 isolats de S. enterica serovar Typhi obtenus à partir de prélèvements sanguins chez des patients cliniquement suspects de fièvre entérique qui ont consulté à la Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine de 1991 à 2003. (who.int)
  • Enteric fever due to infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a major health hazard, even with the introduction of newer antimicrobial drugs. (who.int)
  • In the last decade S. enterica serovar Typhi has rapidly developed resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole, and also to ciprofloxacin [1,2]. (who.int)
  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric fever continues to be a worldwide health problem [3,4] and the emergence of S. enterica serovar Typhi isolates showing resistance to ciprofloxacin and the 3rd-generation cephalosporins is a cause of concern for physicians in developing countries [5-7]. (who.int)
  • By determining whether each shared and serovar-specific pseudogene had been recombined between Paratyphi A and Typhi, we found evidence that most pseudogenes have accumulated after the recombination between serovars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recombination events, along with divergence of and within each serovar, provide a relative time scale for pseudogene-forming mutations, affording rare insights into the progression of functional gene loss associated with host adaptation in Salmonella . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kinetics of the natural, humoral immune response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To determine the current antibiotic resistance patterns and identification of quinolone and ceftriaxone resistant genes among Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi. (org.pk)
  • The spread of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi strain to many big cities calls for urgent preventive measures. (org.pk)
  • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S . Typhi) is the predominant cause of enteric fever, a non-specific febrile infection affecting between 9.1 and 17.8 million people globally each year ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenicity Island 2. (moam.info)
  • pare some of these strains with the sequenced serovar Typhi- murium strain LT2. (moam.info)
  • Serovars Dublin and Gallinarum and the broad-host-range Salmonella serovar Typhimurium were recovered in comparable numbers from ileal mucosa 3 h after loop inoculation, whereas the recovery of serovar Abortusovis was approximately 10-fold lower. (moam.info)
  • Together these data suggest that Salmonella serovar specificity in sheep correlates with bacterial persistence at systemic sites. (moam.info)
  • Intestinal invasion by serovar Abortusovis was significantly reduced after mutation of invH but was not reduced following curing of the virulence plasmid, suggesting that the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 influences but the virulence plasmid genes do not influence the ability of serovar Abortusovis to invade the intestinal mucosa in sheep. (moam.info)
Infection17
  • 1) Information on extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonel a Typhi (Typhi) infections among U.S. residents without international travel, and 2) Treatment recommendations for XDR Typhi infection. (cdc.gov)
  • As of January 14, 2021, CDC has received 71 reports of XDR Typhi infection in the United States, with specimens obtained from February 9, 2018, through November 16, 2020. (cdc.gov)
  • Before the outbreak in Pakistan, no case of ceftriaxone-resistant Typhi infection had been identified in the United States [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • The key to avoiding infection by S. typhi is prevention of fecal contamination in drinking water and food supplies. (symptoma.com)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Dual Salmonella typhi infection. (who.int)
  • Adhikary Ranjeeta, Joshi S. Dual Salmonella typhi infection. (who.int)
  • Crump JA , Kretsinger K , Gay K , Hoekstra RM , Vugia DJ , Hurd S , Clinical response and outcome of infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: a United States FoodNet multicenter retrospective cohort study. (cdc.gov)
  • Beginning in January 2019, cases began to be reported as Salmonella Paratyphi infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The Salmonella typhi and para typhi combo card test provides a simple and highly sensitive screening assay for making a presumptive diagnosis of Salmonella typhi and/or Salmonella para typhi infection, and it could be used to identify Salmonella typhi and Salmonella para typhi isolates from selective media (stool culture). (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
  • Homologous and heterologous re-challenge with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in a randomised controlled human infection model. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi A. In many endemic areas, these serovars co-circulate and can cause multiple infection-episodes in childhood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We performed a challenge-re-challenge study using a controlled human infection model (CHIM) to investigate the extent of infection-derived immunity to Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi A infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We conclude that prior Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A exposure may confer partial but incomplete protection against subsequent infection, but with a comparable clinical and microbiological phenotype. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It remains unclear how innate immunity or the adaptive immune systems (following vaccination or prior infection) eradicates S . Typhi after infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Infection results from eating food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding Salmonella Typhi or if sewage contaminated with the bacterium gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Salmonella enterocolitis is an infection in the lining of the small intestine that is caused by salmonella bacteria. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Everyone is susceptible to infection by Salmonella spp. (unitedsafetyagents.com)
Isolates4
  • Despite an increase in overall number of localized, extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in organ infections during 2018, there was no increase in the proportion of such isolates in comparison with non-extensively drug-resistant isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • During the 6-year study period, 8,736 isolates of Salmonella Typhi were reported from blood, bone marrow, stool, and urine, and 62 isolates were reported from other body sites ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Eight VNTRs can be used for the MLVA analysis of the 103 S. Typhi isolates. (altmetric.com)
  • Isolates of enteric pathogens namely: Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were obtained from Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. (journalcra.com)
SEROTYPE TYPHI4
  • We evaluated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi strains isolated from all body sites in Pakistan during 2013-2018. (cdc.gov)
  • Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is a major pathogen affecting populations from low- and middle-income countries that generally lack clean, potable water and good sanitary disposal systems ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Ackers ML , Puhr ND , Tauxe RV , Mintz ED . Laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella serotype Typhi infections in the United States: antimicrobial resistance on the rise. (cdc.gov)
  • Mary Mallon had at least 120 out of 163 stool samples test positive for Salmonella serotype Typhi. (howstuffworks.com)
Bacteria7
  • Salmonella infections are diarrheal infections caused by the bacteria salmonella. (baycare.org)
  • The salmonella germ is actually a group of bacteria that can cause diarrheal illness in humans. (baycare.org)
  • There are many different kinds of salmonella bacteria. (baycare.org)
  • Data presented here indicate the possibility of a relationship between low levels of bactericidal activity toward S. Typhi in serum and susceptibility to disease, as observed for other polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Once Salmonella Typhi bacteria are eaten or drunk, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Other bacteria such as Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi can cause HUS. (healthline.com)
  • Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done using previously described technique, and in vitro antibacterial activities of different concentrations of the extracts (50-200 mg/ml) and a standard antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) were tested on four enteric bacteria (S. typhi, S. flexneri, E. coli, P. vulgaris) by the agar diffusion test. (bvsalud.org)
Shigella2
  • Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Fiji, when stool samples are collected, most pathology laboratories routinely screen for parasites, viruses and bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella but not for Campylobacter . (who.int)
Strains of Salmonella typhi1
  • Seven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of 71 to 166 mD. (monash.edu)
Infections18
  • The percent of Salmonella Typhi infections nonsusceptible to and 620 hospitalizations each year in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2016, a large outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Typhi infections began in Sindh province, Pakistan [1]. (cdc.gov)
  • Case reporting of U.S. Typhi infections for 2020 is not yet complete. (cdc.gov)
  • An unrelated cluster of ceftriaxone-resistant Typhi infections linked to Iraq has been reported in the United States and the United Kingdom [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • o Although most Typhi infections are acquired during international travel, Typhi can be acquired in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Seeding of deep-seated organs by Salmonella Typhi, resulting in bone and soft tissue infections and splenic and hepatic abscesses, has been reported ( 6 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We conducted a study to determine if there was a true increase in the proportion of extraintestinal XDR Salmonella Typhi infections compared with non-XDR infections. (cdc.gov)
  • What are salmonella infections? (baycare.org)
  • What are the symptoms of salmonella infections? (baycare.org)
  • The following are the most common symptoms of salmonella infections. (baycare.org)
  • The symptoms of salmonella infections may resemble other conditions or medical problems. (baycare.org)
  • How are salmonella infections diagnosed? (baycare.org)
  • Since many different illnesses have symptoms similar to salmonella infections, diagnosis depends on laboratory tests that identify salmonella in the stools. (baycare.org)
  • What is the treatment for salmonella infections? (baycare.org)
  • How can salmonella infections be prevented? (baycare.org)
  • There is no demonstrable cross-protection between these serovars, consistent with the co-circulation of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A. Collectively, these data are consistent with surveillance and modelling studies that indicate multiple infections can occur in high transmission settings, supporting the need for vaccines to reduce the burden of disease in childhood and achieve disease control. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies I are associated mainly with warm-blooded vertebrates and are responsible for most Salmonella infections in humans and domesticated animals. (moam.info)
  • Infections by Salmonella spp. (unitedsafetyagents.com)
Bacterium1
  • Public-health officials eventually joined the dots and identified her as a carrier of Salmonella typhi , the bacterium that causes the disease. (economist.com)
Pathogens1
  • The accumulation of pseudogenes is a key feature of these and other host-adapted pathogens, and overlapping pseudogene complements are evident in Paratyphi A and Typhi. (biomedcentral.com)
Susceptibility3
  • Among 11 patients without international travel in 2020, eight patients were infected with XDR Typhi, one patient was infected with non-XDR Typhi, and susceptibility testing is pending for two others. (cdc.gov)
  • For XDR Salmonella Typhi strains, susceptibility was confirmed by using the Vitek2 System (bioMérieux), except for azithromycin, which was reported by using the disk diffusion method. (cdc.gov)
  • Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A-C were further analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility using agar disc diffusion testing by the modified Kirby-Bauer technique. (cureus.com)
Escherichia Coli1
  • Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial screening. (ijpsonline.com)
Paratyphi12
  • Genome sequence similarity between Paratyphi A and Typhi has been attributed to convergent evolution via relatively recent recombination of a quarter of their genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recombination and pseudogene-formation have been important mechanisms of genetic convergence between Paratyphi A and Typhi, with most pseudogenes arising independently after extensive recombination between the serovars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typhi and Paratyphi A are unusual among S. enterica , as most serovars infect a broad range of host species and cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, while Typhi and Paratyphi A infect only humans and cause systemic disease [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole-genome sequence comparisons suggest that the Paratyphi A and Typhi chromosomes are much more closely related at the DNA level than other S. enterica serovars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent study showed that the apparent similarity between Paratyphi A and Typhi genome sequences is due to low nucleotide divergence (mean 0.18%) across a quarter of the genome, while the rest of the genome sequences are as divergent as any other pair of S. enterica serovars (mean 1.2%) [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We present five cases of neonatal septicaemia due to S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. The cases were presented because of their interesting clinical presentations and possible modes of transmission. (symptoma.com)
  • We recruited healthy volunteers into two groups: naïve volunteers with no prior exposure to Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A and volunteers previously-exposed to Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi A in earlier CHIM studies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Within each group, participants were randomised 1:1 to oral challenge with either Salmonella Typhi (104 CFU) or Paratyphi A (103 CFU). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The primary objective was to compare the attack rate between naïve and previously challenged individuals, defined as the proportion of participants per group meeting the diagnostic criteria of temperature of ≥38°C persisting for ≥12 hours and/or S. Typhi/Paratyphi bacteraemia up to day 14 post challenge. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Heterologous re-challenge with Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi A was not associated with a reduced attack rate following challenge. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Salmonella enterica (combined Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A) was 100% sensitive to azithromycin, meropenem, and imipenem. (cureus.com)
  • Azithromycin and carbapenems are offering the last line of defense against the rampant Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi . (cureus.com)
Enterica serovars1
  • The colonization of intestinal and systemic tissues by Salmonella enterica serovars with different host specificities was determined 7 days after inoculation of 1 to 2-month-old lambs. (moam.info)
Drug-resistant2
  • Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi, a strain resistant to 5 groups of antimicrobial drugs, including third-generation cephalosporins ( 10 , 11 ), has emerged in 2 cities in the southern part of Sindh Province and further disseminated to other parts of Pakistan, raising concern for persistence of the organism in hosts because of delays in appropriate therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoidal Salmonellae: Are These Bugs Swarming Into Suburban and Rural Areas of Pakistan? (cureus.com)
Systemic1
  • Transmission between humans occurs by ingestion of faecally contaminated food or water, after which S . Typhi invades the gut mucosa and may be taken up by phagocytic cells, before asymptomatic systemic dissemination to the reticuloendothelial system. (frontiersin.org)
20184
  • During 2018, a sudden increase in isolation frequency of XDR Salmonella Typhi from clinical samples other than blood, stool, and urine in Pakistan was observed. (cdc.gov)
  • After approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee at Aga Khan Hospital, all reports of clinical specimens that showed growth of Salmonella Typhi during January 2013-December 2018 were extracted from the laboratory database and included in the study. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, informed consent and detailed history were obtained by telephone from patients who had XDR Salmonella Typhi isolated from sites other than blood/bone marrow, stool, and urine during 2018. (cdc.gov)
  • Yearly isolation of Salmonella Typhi from different body sites gradually decreased during 2013-2017, but during 2018, there was a slight increase. (cdc.gov)
Resistant2
  • Over the past decade, several strains (types) of Salmonella Typhi strains are often nonsusceptible to Salmonella Typhi have become resistant to multiple ciprofloxacin, so antibiotic treatment options are diminishing. (cdc.gov)
  • XDR S. typhi in Pakistan, AMR, Resistance pattern of S. Typhi, Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistant genes. (org.pk)
Serovars2
  • 2000 serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies I, most cause self-limiting gastrointestinal disease in a wide range of mammalian hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A comparative analysis of pseudogene complements of these and two finished Typhi genomes (CT18, Ty2) identified several pseudogenes that had been overlooked in prior genome annotations of one or both serovars, and identified 66 pseudogenes shared between serovars. (biomedcentral.com)
Feces2
  • In addition, although XDR Salmonella Typhi isolation from blood, feces, and urine had been consistently increasing since the beginning of outbreak, its isolation from other body sites was not observed until 2017. (cdc.gov)
  • Salmonella are transmitted from feces of people or animals to other people or animals. (baycare.org)
Neisseria2
  • In our program of work on nosodes, the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (BAA 2146), Salmonella typhi and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 43069), and the single-celled fungus Candida albicans (24433, 26790, and 60193) have been identified for preparation. (thieme-connect.de)
  • In the series of work on nosodes, the bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (BAA 2146), Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 43069) and the fungus Candida albicans (24433, 26790, and 60193) were identified. (thieme-connect.de)
Immunity3
  • There are many vaccine reported against Salmonella Typhi, but search for new candidate vaccine antigens is still going on because presently available vaccines have several limitations such as short-term immunity, high cost, and allergic reaction. (jnsbm.org)
  • It indicates that Omp 28 can provoke cell mediated as well as humoral immunity and can be proven a promising candidates of Salmonella Typhi. (jnsbm.org)
  • Bactericidal antibody may be a marker of protective immunity against S. Typhi. (ox.ac.uk)
Lives only in humans2
  • Salmonella typhi is the one type of salmonella that lives only in humans and is transmitted only from human to human through contaminated food or water. (baycare.org)
  • Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. (foodsafetynews.com)
Antibiotic3
  • Salmonella Typhi strains to identify it quickly and ensure that patients get appropriate antibiotic treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • This leads to a mortality rate of less than 1% among treated individuals who have an antibiotic-susceptible strain of S. typhi, making the outcome and prognosis for patients a positive one. (symptoma.com)
  • We have carried out this study to assess the antibiotic sensitivity of typhoidal salmonellae in Kharian, Pakistan. (cureus.com)
Epidemiology1
  • Objectives: Describe the epidemiology of Salmonella typhi. (symptoma.com)
Contamination2
  • Since foods of animal origin pose the greatest threat of salmonella contamination, do not eat raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, seafood, or meats. (baycare.org)
  • Mmaey frozen fruit bars due to potential contamination with Salmonella Typhi. (foodsafetynews.com)
Pakistan1
  • The study demonstrates that polyresistant typhoidal salmonellae are no more confined to a couple of outbreaks in large cities of Pakistan. (cureus.com)
Vaccine4
  • Cloning, Sequencing and In silico analysis of Omp 28 gene to develop r-DNA vaccine of S.Typhi. (jnsbm.org)
  • Outer membrane protein, r-DNA vaccine, Salmonella Typhi. (jnsbm.org)
  • Alterations in response profiles were related to vaccine-induced immune responses and subsequent outcome after wild-type Salmonella Typhi challenge. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed investigation of the molecular host responses to live-attenuated vaccines and interpretation in the context of responses seen after human exposure to virulent wild-type S . Typhi may provide useful insights informing future vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
Diagnosis2
  • Salmonella etiology was not suspected in this case, and the diagnosis was made only after bacterial isolation. (symptoma.com)
  • This activity presents the etiology, pathophysiology , presentation, and diagnosis of Salmonella typhi and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management. (symptoma.com)
Candida1
  • The compound 2Xs was found significant antimicrobial against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans as well as compound 3Xa was significant antimicrobial against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. (ijpsonline.com)
Coli1
  • The (fresh) green variety had zero activity against E.coli and inhibited Salmonella typhi at concentration of 40mg/ml. (journalcra.com)
20201
  • Typhi cases for 2020 compared with 39 states for 2019. (cdc.gov)
Resistance1
  • Whole-genome sequencing for detecting antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella . (cdc.gov)
Biochemical2
  • Salmonella Typhi were identified by using conventional biochemical reactions and API 20E (bioMérieux, https://www.biomerieux.com ) and then confirmed by serotyping with Salmonella antisera (Becton Dickinson, https://www.bd.com ). (cdc.gov)
  • Positive microbial growth was further identified by colony morphology, appropriate staining, biochemical testing, and Salmonella- specific grouping sera. (cureus.com)
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Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi with CTX-M β-Lactamase, Germany - Volume 15, Number 9-September 2009 - Emerging Infectious...
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