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SalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumSalmonella InfectionsSalmonella entericaSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella enteritidisSalmonella typhiSalmonella Food PoisoningSalmonella PhagesSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella VaccinesFood MicrobiologySalmonella arizonaeTyphoid FeverBacterial ProteinsSalmonella paratyphi BSerotypingEggsBacteriophage TypingGenes, BacterialVirulenceGenomic IslandsParatyphoid FeverPoultry DiseasesFecesGene Expression Regulation, BacterialDNA, BacterialFood ContaminationEscherichia coliSalmonella paratyphi CMutationAnti-Bacterial AgentsPlasmidsFlagellinChickensMutagenicity TestsPoultryElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMolecular Sequence DataDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFlagellaTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesO AntigensShigellaCulture MediaOperonBacteriological TechniquesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsEnterobacteriaceaeAntigens, BacterialColony Count, MicrobialMeatVaccines, AttenuatedMutagensSwine DiseasesDrug Resistance, BacterialAntibodies, BacterialTetrathionic AcidDisease OutbreaksFood HandlingMice, Inbred BALB CConjugation, GeneticLipopolysaccharidesAbattoirsPolysaccharides, BacterialBase SequenceMicrobial ViabilityBacterial VaccinesDrug Resistance, MicrobialCecumSpecies SpecificitySwineVirulence FactorsChromosomes, BacterialLipid ATransduction, GeneticPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA Transposable ElementsMacrophagesBacterial Typing TechniquesPoultry ProductsCattle DiseasesFood PreservationIntegronsGastroenteritisNalidixic AcidAmino Acid SequenceBacterial SheddingGenetic Complementation TestChromosome MappingWater MicrobiologyCiprofloxacinSequence Analysis, DNAPropylene GlycolCattleEscherichia coli ProteinsFimbriae, BacterialMutagenesis, InsertionalIntestinesEscherichiaAgarDNA FingerprintingFood InspectionMeat ProductsGenome, BacterialCloacaCloning, MolecularAgglutination TestsPeyer's PatchesFood-Processing IndustrySpleenBacteriophage P22RNA, BacterialLethal Dose 50EnteritisGenetics, MicrobialReptilesGene DeletionBacterial AdhesionLysogenyDiarrheaPhenotypeVaccines, SyntheticFimbriae ProteinsR FactorsAnti-Infective AgentsBacterial Secretion SystemsAdministration, OralEnterocolitisAnimals, DomesticEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnimal HusbandryHistidineBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsStreptomycinSewageHousing, AnimalCampylobacterTemperatureCeftriaxoneChloramphenicolProphagesAnimal FeedBacterial LoadPolymyxin BIntestinal MucosaHost-Pathogen InteractionsRegulonFrozen FoodsDNA GyraseImmunizationFoodborne DiseasesMice, Inbred C57BLRhamnoseEvaluation Studies as Topic3-Phosphoshikimate 1-CarboxyvinyltransferaseGenes, RegulatorGenesCobamidesBacteriaMembrane Proteinsbeta-LactamasesRestriction MappingAntimutagenic AgentsCell LineArabinoseHot TemperatureGenotypePolymyxinsMolecular TypingBacteremiaTime FactorsSigma FactorAnaerobiosisPhylogenyPorinsShigella flexneriSensitivity and SpecificityMeat-Packing IndustryAmpicillinHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHedgehogsCephalosporin Resistance
Salmonella: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.Salmonella typhimurium: A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.Salmonella Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.Salmonella enterica: A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.Salmonella Infections, Animal: Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.Salmonella enteritidis: A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other animals.Salmonella typhi: A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.Salmonella Food Poisoning: Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.Salmonella Phages: Viruses whose host is Salmonella. A frequently encountered Salmonella phage is BACTERIOPHAGE P22.Salmonella paratyphi A: A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA that causes mild PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.Salmonella Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER; (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis.Food Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.Salmonella arizonae: Gram-negative rods widely distributed in LIZARDS and SNAKES, and implicated in enteric, bone (BONE DISEASES), and joint infections (JOINT DISEASES) in humans.Typhoid Fever: An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Salmonella paratyphi B: A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in humans.Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.Eggs: Animal reproductive bodies, or the contents thereof, used as food. The concept is differentiated from OVUM, the anatomic or physiologic entity.Bacteriophage Typing: A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.Genomic Islands: Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".Paratyphoid Fever: A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.Poultry Diseases: Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Food Contamination: The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Salmonella paratyphi C: A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Flagellin: A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.Chickens: Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.Mutagenicity Tests: Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.Poultry: Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field: Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Flagella: A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines: Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.O Antigens: The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Shigella: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Operon: In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Enterobacteriaceae: A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.Vaccines, Attenuated: Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.Mutagens: Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.Swine Diseases: Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.Drug Resistance, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Tetrathionic Acid: A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.Disease Outbreaks: Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.Food Handling: Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.Mice, Inbred BALB CConjugation, Genetic: A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.Lipopolysaccharides: Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Abattoirs: Places where animals are slaughtered and dressed for market.Polysaccharides, Bacterial: Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Microbial Viability: Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.Bacterial Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.Drug Resistance, Microbial: The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Cecum: The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Virulence Factors: Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)Chromosomes, Bacterial: Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.Transduction, Genetic: The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.DNA Transposable Elements: Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.Macrophages: The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)Bacterial Typing Techniques: Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.Poultry Products: Food products manufactured from poultry.Cattle Diseases: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.Food Preservation: Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.Integrons: DNA elements that include the component genes and insertion site for a site-specific recombination system that enables them to capture mobile gene cassettes.Gastroenteritis: INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.Nalidixic Acid: A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Bacterial Shedding: The expelling of bacteria from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract.Genetic Complementation Test: A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Escherichia coli Proteins: Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.Fimbriae, Bacterial: Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).Mutagenesis, Insertional: Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.Escherichia: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms occur in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. The species are either nonpathogenic or opportunistic pathogens.Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.DNA Fingerprinting: A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.Food Inspection: Examination of foods to assure wholesome and clean products free from unsafe microbes or chemical contamination, natural or added deleterious substances, and decomposition during production, processing, packaging, etc.Meat Products: Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple).Genome, Bacterial: The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.Cloaca: A dilated cavity extended caudally from the hindgut. In adult birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes but few mammals, cloaca is a common chamber into which the digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. In most mammals, cloaca gives rise to LARGE INTESTINE; URINARY BLADDER; and GENITALIA.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Agglutination Tests: Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Peyer's Patches: Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine.Food-Processing Industry: The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.Spleen: An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.Bacteriophage P22: A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P22-like viruses, family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects SALMONELLA species. The genome consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted.RNA, Bacterial: Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Lethal Dose 50: The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.Enteritis: Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.Genetics, Microbial: A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the genetic mechanisms and processes of microorganisms.Reptiles: Cold-blooded, air-breathing VERTEBRATES belonging to the class Reptilia, usually covered with external scales or bony plates.Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Bacterial Adhesion: Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.Lysogeny: The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.Diarrhea: An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Vaccines, Synthetic: Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.Fimbriae Proteins: Proteins that are structural components of bacterial fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) or sex pili (PILI, SEX).R Factors: A class of plasmids that transfer antibiotic resistance from one bacterium to another by conjugation.Anti-Infective Agents: Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.Bacterial Secretion Systems: In GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, multiprotein complexes that function to translocate pathogen protein effector molecules across the bacterial cell envelope, often directly into the host. These effectors are involved in producing surface structures for adhesion, bacterial motility, manipulation of host functions, modulation of host defense responses, and other functions involved in facilitating survival of the pathogen. Several of the systems have homologous components functioning similarly in GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Enterocolitis: Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.Animals, Domestic: Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.Environmental Microbiology: The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.Animal Husbandry: The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins: Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.Streptomycin: An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.Sewage: Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.Housing, AnimalCampylobacter: A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals and man. Some species are pathogenic.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.Chloramphenicol: An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)Prophages: Genomes of temperate BACTERIOPHAGES integrated into the DNA of their bacterial host cell. The prophages can be duplicated for many cell generations until some stimulus induces its activation and virulence.Animal Feed: Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.Bacterial Load: Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.Polymyxin B: A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.Intestinal Mucosa: Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.Host-Pathogen Interactions: The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.Regulon: In eukaryotes, a genetic unit consisting of a noncontiguous group of genes under the control of a single regulator gene. In bacteria, regulons are global regulatory systems involved in the interplay of pleiotropic regulatory domains and consist of several OPERONS.Frozen FoodsDNA Gyrase: A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).Foodborne Diseases: Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.Mice, Inbred C57BLRhamnose: A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase: An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and shikimate-3-phosphate. The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS.Genes, Regulator: Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.Genes: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.CobamidesBacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.beta-Lactamases: Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins.Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.Antimutagenic Agents: Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.ArabinoseHot Temperature: Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Polymyxins: Basic lipopeptide antibiotic group obtained from Bacillus polymyxa. They affect the cell membrane by detergent action and may cause neuromuscular and kidney damage. At least eleven different members of the polymyxin group have been identified, each designated by a letter.Molecular Typing: Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.Bacteremia: The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Sigma Factor: A protein which is a subunit of RNA polymerase. It effects initiation of specific RNA chains from DNA.Anaerobiosis: The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Porins: Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.Shigella flexneri: A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Meat-Packing Industry: The aggregate enterprise of technically producing packaged meat.Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Hedgehogs: The family Erinaceidae, in the order INSECTIVORA. Most are true hedgehogs possessing a coat of spines and a very short tail. Those members of the family found in Southeast Asia (moonrats or gymnures) have normal body hair and a long tail.Cephalosporin Resistance: Non-susceptibility of an organism to the action of the cephalosporins.

Components of the Salmonella flagellar export apparatus and classification of export substrates. (1/3075)

Until now, identification of components of the flagellar protein export apparatus has been indirect. We have now identified these components directly by establishing whether mutants defective in putative export components could translocate export substrates across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space. Hook-type proteins could be exported to the periplasm of rod mutants, indicating that rod protein export does not have to precede hook-type protein export and therefore that both types of proteins belong to a single export class, the rod/hook-type class, which is distinct from the filament-type class. Hook-capping protein (FlgD) and hook protein (FlgE) required FlhA, FlhB, FliH, FliI, FliO, FliP, FliQ, and FliR for their export to the periplasm. In the case of flagellin as an export substrate, because of the phenomenon of hook-to-filament switching of export specificity, it was necessary to use temperature-sensitive mutants and establish whether flagellin could be exported to the cell exterior following a shift from the permissive to the restrictive temperature. Again, FlhA, FlhB, FliH, FliI, and FliO were required for its export. No suitable temperature-sensitive fliQ or fliR mutants were available. FliP appeared not to be required for flagellin export, but we suspect that the temperature-sensitive FliP protein continued to function at the restrictive temperature if incorporated at the permissive temperature. Thus, we conclude that these eight proteins are general components of the flagellar export pathway. FliJ was necessary for export of hook-type proteins (FlgD and FlgE); we were unable to test whether FliJ is needed for export of filament-type proteins. We suspect that FliJ may be a cytoplasmic chaperone for the hook-type proteins and possibly also for FliE and the rod proteins. FlgJ was not required for the export of the hook-type proteins; again, because of lack of a suitable temperature-sensitive mutant, we were unable to test whether it was required for export of filament-type proteins. Finally, it was established that there is an interaction between the processes of outer ring assembly and of penetration of the outer membrane by the rod and nascent hook, the latter process being of course necessary for passage of export substrates into the external medium. During the brief transition stage from completion of rod assembly and initiation of hook assembly, the L ring and perhaps the capping protein FlgD can be regarded as bona fide export components, with the L ring being in a formal sense the equivalent of the outer membrane secretin structure of type III virulence factor export systems.  (+info)

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of three Salmonella rapid detection kits using fresh and frozen poultry environmental samples versus those of standard plating. (2/3075)

To reduce human exposure to Salmonella spp. in poultry products, broiler chicken flocks have been tested by culture methods. Since the standard techniques may take 3 to 5 days, rapid detection methods have been developed. In this study we tested the performance of three rapid tests originally developed for food samples by using environmental samples obtained from poultry houses. These rapid tests were Reveal, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from Neogen Corp.; BIND, a bacterial ice nucleation detection method from Idetek Corp.; and a filter monitor method from Future Medical Technologies, Inc. For the standard culture, brilliant green with novabiocin and xylose-lysine-tergitol-4 agar were used for presumptive identification, and identities were confirmed by using poly-O antisera. Environmental samples were collected from farms belonging to an integrated poultry company prior to chick placement and 1 week before slaughter. Sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Statistical differences were determined by using McNemar's chi square test. The sensitivities of the different tests were not stable, varying widely between sample times, and were affected by freezing of the samples. All of the rapid tests had low sensitivities, which led to many false-negative results. All tests were able to detect Salmonella spp. at a concentration of 10 CFU/ml in at least one of four trials. The BIND and Reveal tests were simple to use with multiple samples and reduced laboratory time by up to 1 day. Based on our results, we do not recommend that any of these rapid tests, in their present state of development, be utilized with environmental samples collected with drag swabs.  (+info)

The Salmonella invasin SipB induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1. (3/3075)

Recently, Salmonella spp. were shown to induce apoptosis in infected macrophages. The mechanism responsible for this process is unknown. In this report, we establish that the Inv-Spa type III secretion apparatus target invasin SipB is necessary and sufficient for the induction of apoptosis. Purified SipB microinjected into macrophages led to cell death. Binding studies show that SipB associates with the proapoptotic protease caspase-1. This interaction results in the activation of caspase-1, as seen in its proteolytic maturation and the processing of its substrate interleukin-1beta. Caspase-1 activity is essential for the cytotoxicity. Functional inhibition of caspase-1 activity by acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethyl ketone blocks macrophage cytotoxicity, and macrophages lacking caspase-1 are not susceptible to Salmonella-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the data demonstrate that SipB functions as an analog of the Shigella invasin IpaB.  (+info)

Evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of identification of food-borne pathogens by automated bacterial identification systems. (4/3075)

The performances of five automated microbial identification systems, relative to that of a reference identification system, for their ability to accurately and repeatedly identify six common food-borne pathogens were assessed. The systems assessed were the MicroLog system (Biolog Inc., Hayward, Calif.), the Microbial Identification System (MIS; MIDI Inc., Newark, Del.), the VITEK system (bioMerieux Vitek, Hazelwood, Mo.), the MicroScan WalkAway 40 system (Dade-MicroScan International, West Sacramento, Calif.), and the Replianalyzer system (Oxoid Inc., Nepean, Ontario, Canada). The sensitivities and specificities of these systems for the identification of food-borne isolates of Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli were determined with 40 reference positive isolates and 40 reference negative isolates for each pathogen. The sensitivities of these systems for the identification of these pathogens ranged from 42.5 to 100%, and the specificities of these systems for the identification of these pathogens ranged from 32.5 to 100%. Some of the systems had difficulty correctly identifying the reference isolates when the results were compared to those from the reference identification tests. The sensitivity of MIS for the identification of S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and C. jejuni, for example, ranged from 47.5 to 72. 5%. The sensitivity of the Microlog system for the identification of E. coli was 72.5%, and the sensitivity of the VITEK system for the identification of B. cereus was 42.5%. The specificities of four of the five systems for the identification of all of the species tested with the available databases were greater than or equal to 97.5%; the exception was MIS for the identification of C. jejuni, which displayed a specificity of 32.5% when it was tested with reference negative isolates including Campylobacter coli and other Campylobacter species. All systems had >80% sensitivities for the identification of Salmonella species and Listeria species at the genus level. The repeatability of these systems for the identification of test isolates ranged from 30 to 100%. Not all systems included all six pathogens in their databases; thus, some species could not be tested with all systems. The choice of automated microbial identification system for the identification of a food-borne pathogen would depend on the availability of identification libraries within the systems and the performance of the systems for the identification of the pathogen.  (+info)

How intracellular bacteria survive: surface modifications that promote resistance to host innate immune responses. (5/3075)

Bacterial pathogens regulate the expression of virulence factors in response to environmental signals. In the case of salmonellae, many virulence factors are regulated via PhoP/PhoQ, a two-component signal transduction system that is repressed by magnesium and calcium in vitro. PhoP/PhoQ-activated genes promote intracellular survival within macrophages, whereas PhoP-repressed genes promote entrance into epithelial cells and macrophages by macropinocytosis and stimulate epithelial cell cytokine production. PhoP-activated genes include those that alter the cell envelope through structural alterations of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A, the bioactive component of lipopolysaccharide. PhoP-activated changes in the bacterial envelope likely promote intracellular survival by increasing resistance to host cationic antimicrobial peptides and decreasing host cell cytokine production.  (+info)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by LPS-refractory C3H/HeJ macrophages in a way different from that of Salmonella LPS. (6/3075)

Some lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from S- or R-form members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and oral black-pigmented bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) are known to activate LPS-refractory C3H/HeJ macrophages. When contaminating proteins are removed from R-form LPS of Enterobacteriaceae by repurification, however, this ability is lost. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of LPS from P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Salmonella minnesota, and Salmonella abortusequi to induce production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in gamma interferon-primed C3H/HeJ macrophages before and after repurification. P. abortusequi S-LPS was fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography into two LPS forms: SL-LPS, having homologous long O-polysaccharide chains, and SS-LPS having short oligosaccharide chains. Prior to repurification, all LPS forms except SL-LPS induced TNF production in both C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN macrophages. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that repurification removed contaminating protein from the preparations, and repurified SS-LPS and S. minnesota Ra-LPS no longer stimulated TNF production in C3H/HeJ macrophages, although C3H/HeN macrophages remained responsive. In contrast, repurified oral bacterial LPS retained the capacity to induce TNF production in C3H/HeJ macrophages. Oral bacterial LPS preparations also were not antagonized by excess inactive, repurified SL-LPS; Ra-LPS; Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipid A, a competitive LPS antagonist, or paclitaxel, an LPS agonist, and they were comparatively resistant to polymyxin B treatment. Nevertheless, oral bacterial LPS was less toxic to D-galactosamine-treated C3H/HeN mice than was LPS from Salmonella. These findings indicate that the active molecule(s) and mode of action of LPS from P. gingivalis and P. intermedia are quite different from those of LPS from Salmonella.  (+info)

The cyclic structure of microcin J25, a 21-residue peptide antibiotic from Escherichia coli. (7/3075)

Microcin J25 (MccJ25) is the single representative of the immunity group J of the microcin group of peptide antibiotics produced by Enterobacteriaceae. It induces bacterial filamentation in susceptible cells in a non-SOS-dependent pathway [R. A. Salomon and R. Farias (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174, 7428-7435]. MccJ25 was purified to homogeneity from the growth medium of a microcin-overproducing Escherichia coli strain by reverse-phase HPLC. Based on amino acid composition and absolute configuration determination, liquid secondary ion and electrospray mass spectrometry, extensive two-dimensional NMR, enzymatic and chemical degradations studies, the structure of MccJ25 was elucidated as a 21-residue peptide, cyclo(-Val1-Gly-Ile-Gly-Thr- Pro-Ile-Ser-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-His-Val-Pro-Glu-Tyr-Phe21- ). Although MccJ25 showed high resistance to most of endoproteases, linearization by thermolysin occurred from cleavage at the Phe21-Val1 bond and led to a single peptide, MccJ25-L. While MccJ25 exhibited remarkable antibiotic activity towards Salmonella newport and several E. coli strains (minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging between 0.01 and 0.2 microgram.mL-1), the thermolysin-linearized microcin showed a dramatic decrease of the activity, indicating that the cyclic structure is essential for the MccJ25 biological properties. As MccJ25 is ribosomally synthesized as a larger peptide precursor endowed with an N-terminal extremity, the present study shows that removal of this extension and head-tail cyclization of the resulting propeptide are the only post-translational modifications involved in the maturation of MccJ25, that appears as the first cyclic microcin.  (+info)

Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in sand from bathing beaches. (8/3075)

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.  (+info)

Epidemiology of Salmonella sp. in California cull dairy cattle: prevalence of fecal shedding and diagnostic accuracy of pooled...Epidemiology of Salmonella sp. in California cull dairy cattle: prevalence of fecal shedding and diagnostic accuracy of pooled...
Background The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the crude, seasonal and cull-reason stratified prevalence of Salmonella fecal shedding in cull dairy cattle on seven California dairies. A secondary objective was to estimate and compare the relative sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for pools of 5 and 10 enriched broth cultures of fecal samples for Salmonella sp. detection. Methods Seven dairy farms located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were identified and enrolled in the study as a convenience sample. Cull cows were identified for fecal sampling once during each season between 2014 and 2015, specifically during spring, summer, fall, and winter, and 10 cows were randomly selected for fecal sampling at the day of their sale. In addition, study personnel completed a survey based on responses of the herd manager to questions related to the previous four months herd management. Fecal samples were frozen until testing for Salmonella. After overnight enrichment in
Efficiency of Plating Media and Enrichment Broths for Isolating Salmonella Species from Human Stool Samples: A Comparison StudyEfficiency of Plating Media and Enrichment Broths for Isolating Salmonella Species from Human Stool Samples: A Comparison Study
A comparative study was performed to evaluate best practice culture media and enrichment broths for recovering Salmonella species from human stool samples. A total of 1297 human stools were collected and processed in this study. Evaluation of agar media was carried out by direct plating (DP), 1096 stool samples were inoculated on Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV), Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycolate (XLD), MacConkey (MAC), and Hektoen Enteric (HE) agars. Evaluation of enrichment broths were carried out by enrichment all 1297 stool samples in Selenite broth (SB), Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) broth, and Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), followed by plating on MSRV, MAC, and HE agars. A total of 102 Salmonella-positive stools by DP, 85.3% (87/102) were recovered utilizing MSRV while recovery from XLD, MAC, and HE agars were 34.3% (35/102), 34.3% (35/102), and 29.4% (30/102) respectively. A total 299/1297 stools samples were Salmonella-positive on at least one plating medium after enrichment procedure were 77
IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA SEROTYPES ISOLATED FROM MEAT SAMPLES IN MALAYSIA - DVS Research Article LibraryIDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA SEROTYPES ISOLATED FROM MEAT SAMPLES IN MALAYSIA - DVS Research Article Library
This study reports the identification of Salmonella serotypes in meat samples submitted to the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) for diagnosis. A total of 425 Salmonella isolates were received from the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory and Regional Veterinary Laboratories, Malaysia from January to December 2009. All were serotyped for Salmonella serotypes using Kauffmann- White classification scheme. Out of the total, 31 different serotypes were identified from buffalo, beef, poultry and pork meat. The dominant serotypes identified were S. Typhimurium (12.7%), followed by S. Enteritidis (12.5%), S. Corvallis (11.6%), S. Senftenberg (11.1%) and S. Indiana (8.1%). Other Salmonella serotypes isolated included S. Typhi-Suis, S. Weltevreden, S. Albany, S. Agona and S. London. In poultry meat, S. Enteritidis (23.3%), S. Corvallis (21.8%), S. Indiana (15.9%) and S. Typhimurium (13.4%) were the common serotypes isolated. Salmonella Senftenberg (35%) was the most common Salmonella serotype identified ...
Gentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ Rabbit anti Salmonella sp. \ B65704RGentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ Rabbit anti Salmonella sp. \ B65704R
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , Meridian Life Science \ Rabbit anti Salmonella sp. \ B65704R for more molecular products just contact us
Bismuth sulfite agar - WikipediaBismuth sulfite agar - Wikipedia
Bismuth sulfite agar is a type of agar media used to isolate Salmonella species. It uses glucose as a primary source of carbon. BLBG and bismuth stop gram-positive growth. Bismuth sulfite agar tests the ability to use ferrous sulfate and convert it to hydrogen sulfide. Bismuth sulfite agar typically contains (w/v): 1.6% bismuth sulfite Bi2(SO3)3 1.0% pancreatic digest of casein 1.0% pancreatic digest of animal tissue 1.0% beef extract 1.0% glucose 0.8% dibasic sodium phosphate 0.06% ferrous sulfate • 7 water pH adjusted to 7.7 at 25 °C This medium is boiled for sterility, not autoclaved. Atlas, R.M. (2004). Handbook of Microbiological Media. London: CRC Press. p. 68. ISBN 0-8493-1818-1 ...
Course of immune responses generated by live Salmonella vaccine in pigs | MitacsCourse of immune responses generated by live Salmonella vaccine in pigs | Mitacs
Salmonella is the second most frequent cause of foodborne illness in Canada and pork is one of sources for human salmonellosis. Salmonella has also the potential to cause clinical disease in pigs. Salmonella is commonly found on Ontario swine farms. Thus control strategies should be implemented. Vaccination appears to be one of the most promising approaches. In Canada, there is currently available a live Salmonella Choleraesuis vaccine for use in pigs and a live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine for use in poultry. However, the course of immune responses induced by the above vaccines in 11 pigs is not well studied. The objective of this proposal is to evaluate and compare the immune responses produced by these two Salmonella vaccines in pigs. This research can provide a better understanding of pig immune responses against Salmonella attenuated vaccines and will help to develop new vaccines for controlling Salmonella on Ontario swine farms.. ...
The role of two periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutases in the virulence of Salmonella choleraesuis |...The role of two periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutases in the virulence of Salmonella choleraesuis |...
Periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutases ([Cu,Zn]-SODs, SodC) of several Gram-negative pathogens can protect against superoxide-radical-mediated host defences, and thus contribute to virulence. This role has been previously defined for one [Cu,Zn]-SOD in various Salmonella serovars. Following the recent discovery of a second periplasmic [Cu,Zn]-SOD in Salmonella, the effect of knockout mutations in one or both of the original sodC-1 and the new sodC-2 on the virulence of the porcine pathogen Salmonella choleraesuis is investigated here. In comparison to wild-type, while sodC mutants - whether single or double - showed no impairment in growth, they all showed equally enhanced sensitivity to superoxide and a dramatically increased sensitivity to the combination of superoxide and nitric oxide in vitro. This observation had its correlate in experimental infection both ex vivo and in vivo. Mutation of sodC significantly impaired survival of S. choleraesuis in interferon γ-stimulated
Salmonella Infections | StayWell Health Library | MainSalmonella Infections | StayWell Health Library | Main
Salmonella Infections What are salmonella infections? Salmonella is caused by the bacteria salmonella. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhea in humans. There are many different kinds of salmonella bacteria. What causes salmonella infections? Salmonella infection is caused by a group of salmonella bacteria called Salmonella. The bacteria are passed from feces of people or animals to other people or animals. Contaminated foods are often animal in origin. They include beef, poultry, sea...
JBS Tolleson, Inc. Recalls Raw Beef Products due to Possible Salmonella Newport ContaminationJBS Tolleson, Inc. Recalls Raw Beef Products due to Possible Salmonella Newport Contamination
WASHINGTON, Dec. 4, 2018 - JBS Tolleson, Inc., a Tolleson, Ariz. establishment, is recalling approximately 12,093,271 pounds of non-intact raw beef products that may be contaminated with Salmonella Newport, the U.S. Department of Agricultures Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) announced today ...
Dos aislamientos de Salmonella Infantis multirresistentes se comportan como hipoinvasivos pero con elevada proliferación...Dos aislamientos de Salmonella Infantis multirresistentes se comportan como hipoinvasivos pero con elevada proliferación...
DI CONZA, José A; MOLLERACH, Marta E; GUTKIND, Gabriel O e AYALA, Juan A. Dos aislamientos de Salmonella Infantis multirresistentes se comportan como hipoinvasivos pero con elevada proliferación intracelular. Rev. argent. microbiol. [online]. 2012, vol.44, n.2, pp. 69-74. ISSN 0325-7541.. Two multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis isolates behave like hypo-invasive strains but have high intracellular proliferation. In this work, plasmid-encoded virulence factors in two Salmonella Infantis isolates carrying multiresistance plasmids were investigated. In addition, their invasion and proliferative ability in non-phagocytic cells was studied. None of them showed the typical determinants of virulence plasmids (spv operon). The invasion assays of S. Infantis isolates on eukaryotic cells showed a decreased ability to Invade but they remained and proliferated In the cytoplasm regardless of having used a permissive (HeLa) or non-permissive (NRK) cell line. Finally, there was no microscopic evidence ...
MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA HEIDELBERG INFECTIONS LINKED TO CONTACT WITH DAIRY CALVES | Salmonella...MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA HEIDELBERG INFECTIONS LINKED TO CONTACT WITH DAIRY CALVES | Salmonella...
Since the last update on August 2, 2017, eight more ill people have been reported from six states.. CDC, several states, and the U.S. Department of Agricultures Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) are investigating a multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant SalmonellaHeidelberg infections.. A total of 54 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg have been reported from 15 states.. ...
Asian Science Citation Index - Articles written by Guangping GaoAsian Science Citation Index - Articles written by Guangping Gao
To explore the pathogenic mechanism of Salmonella, serotype was identified and enterotoxin gene stn was detected for 47 strains suspected Salmonella in the Eastern part of Hebei Province. According to the bacterial culture characteristic, physicochemical properties and analysis results of K-3401 semi automatic bacteria identification instrument and identification for another time by Chengdu Institute of Biological Products, enterotoxin gene stn was detected by PCR. The 17 strains of Salmonella gallinarum, 14 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, 4 strains of Salmonella pullorum 2 strains of Salmonella paratyphi A, 2 strains of Salmonella group BO, 5 strains of Salmonella bovismorbificans, 3 strains of Salmonella enteritidis were detected from 47 strains of chicken source of Salmonella. The 45 strains of stn gene were amplified successfully in all 47 strains. The carrying rate was 95.7%. Homology of stn gene of test strains of Salmonella was between 94 and 100%. Evolutionary tree display that ...
Food safety, Salmonella - Raw Essentials | Real Food For Cats & DogsFood safety, Salmonella - Raw Essentials | Real Food For Cats & Dogs
Many dogs and cats naturally carry Salmonella (mostly Salmonella typhimurium) in their digestive tracts. The report states that studies have found a 1-15% prevalence of Salmonella in the faeces of healthy dogs, and 1-18% in healthy cats.. According to the report, Salmonella is the most common food-borne bacteria. Around 1.4 million people in the U.S. contract Salmonella infections each year. About 1,000 of these die. About half of all Salmonella infections are from restaurants; and are often traced to infected, but asymptomatic, food handlers. Many of us have Salmonella infections and feel no ill effects. Meat, poultry, eggs, milk, fruits and vegetables can be contaminated with Salmonella. Processed foods can be easily infected in a contaminated plant. Recent food recalls for Salmonella have involved nuts, chocolate bars, peppers, and peanut butter. SALMONELLA INFECTION DOES NOT ALWAYS CAUSE ILL-HEALTH. MANY CARRIERS OF SALMONELLA SHOW NO SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE. ...
CDC - Epi Curves - Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand ChickenCDC - Epi Curves - Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand Chicken
Epi Curves: Multistate Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand Chicken (Final Update)
CDC - Timeline of Events - Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand ChickenCDC - Timeline of Events - Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand Chicken
Timeline of Events: Multistate Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Foster Farms Brand Chicken (Final Update)
Animal Protein Producers - Check & Trace SalmonellaAnimal Protein Producers - Check & Trace Salmonella
The first priority in case of a Salmonella contamination it to trace the source as soon as possible. To facilitate an efficient search it is good to know that different sources of Salmonella contamination are often associated with distinct Salmonella serotypes. Therefore, it is essential in any Salmonella reduction program to know which serotype is the culprit. The traditional Kauffmann-White method for confirming and serotyping Salmonella takes at least several days to obtain an end result. Also, up to 10 - 15% of cases yield inconclusive results. This is why Check-Points developed Check & Trace Salmonella, which overcomes these hurdles. It provides a rapid Salmonella confirmation and serotyping method based on DNA technology for routine use in any laboratory. With a single test - which can be performed in one day - it confirms the presence of Salmonella and identifies the serotype. If you suspect a Salmonella contamination in your poultry farm, Check & Trace Salmonella is the fastest and most ...
Monoclonal antibodies that detect live salmonellae. | Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyMonoclonal antibodies that detect live salmonellae. | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Nine immunoglobulin G and nine immunoglobulin M murine monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas reactive with live Salmonella bacteria were obtained from several fusions of immune spleen cells and Sp2/0 myeloma cells. The antibodies were selected by the magnetic immunoluminescence assay. The monoclonal antibodies were reactive with serogroups A, B, C1, C2, D, E, and K and Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. diarizonae. Each monoclonal antibody proved to be reactive with a distinct serotype. Clinical isolates belonging to these Salmonella serogroups could be detected. Reactivity with non-Salmonella bacteria proved to be minor. ...
Salmonella on pig farm | CID LINESSalmonella on pig farm | CID LINES
Salmonellosis is a bacterial disease caused by strains of Salmonella. It occurs in animals and humans. In both cases it is an enteric disease of varying severity, usually involving diarrhoea. With pigs, however, most Salmonella infections are without symptoms. Salmonella infection is a Public Health Concern. Many strains of Salmonella are zoonotic agents, spreading to man from contaminated animal origin food products. In humans Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of food poisoning. The commonest serotypes causing disease in humans are Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. National control measures, often including legislation, have been implemented in many countries. In the European Union the Zoonoses Directive (EC/2003/2160) was enacted in 2003 to minimize Salmonella infection in pigs.. ...
Salmonella Group E Antibody (Monoclonal, 42-77)Salmonella Group E Antibody (Monoclonal, 42-77)
Salmonella Group E Monoclonal Antibody from Invitrogen for Immunoprecipitation and ELISA applications. This antibody reacts with Bacteria samples. Clone: 42-77. Supplied as 1 mL unpurified antibody in tissue culture supernatant diluted in PBS with no preservative.
Salmonella Heidelberg Chicken Strikes AgainSalmonella Heidelberg Chicken Strikes Again
Since June 4, 2012, a total of 124 individuals infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Heidelberg have been reported from 12 states. Most of the il
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Modeling and Analysis of a Microresonating Biosensor for Detection of Salmonella Bacteria in Human...Sensors | Free Full-Text | Modeling and Analysis of a Microresonating Biosensor for Detection of Salmonella Bacteria in Human...
A new photonics biosensor configuration comprising a Double-side Ring Add-drop Filter microring resonator (DR-ADF) made from SiO2-TiO2 material is proposed for the detection of Salmonella bacteria (SB) in blood. The scattering matrix method using inductive calculation is used to determine the output signals intensities in the blood with and without presence of Salmonella. The change in refractive index due to the reaction of Salmonella bacteria with its applied antibody on the flagellin layer loaded on the sensing and detecting microresonator causes the increase in through and dropper ports intensities of the output signal which leads to the detection of SB in blood. A shift in the output signal wavelength is observed with resolution of 0.01 nm. The change in intensity and shift in wavelength is analyzed with respect to the change in the refractive index which contributes toward achieving an ultra-high sensitivity of 95,500 nm/RIU which is almost two orders higher than that of reported from single
FDA alert warns pet owners of Salmonella contamination in raw food | LexBlogFDA alert warns pet owners of Salmonella contamination in raw food | LexBlog
Food contaminated with Salmonella bacteria does not usually look, smell, or taste spoiled. Anyone can become sick with a Salmonella infection. Infants, children, seniors, and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of serious illness because their immune systems are fragile, according to the CDC.. Anyone who has eaten any of the recalled products and developed symptoms of Salmonella infection should seek medical attention. Sick people should tell their doctors about the possible exposure to Salmonella bacteria because special tests are necessary to diagnose salmonellosis. Salmonella infection symptoms can mimic other illnesses, frequently leading to misdiagnosis.. Symptoms of Salmonella infection can include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever within 12 to 72 hours after eating contaminated food. Otherwise, healthy adults are usually sick for four to seven days. In some cases, however, diarrhea may be so severe that patients require hospitalization.. Older adults, children, ...
High rate of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone among nontyphoid Salmonella clinical isolates in Asia |...High rate of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone among nontyphoid Salmonella clinical isolates in Asia |...
Lee, H.-Y., Su, L.-H., Tsai, M.-H., Kim, S.-W., Chang, H.-H., Jung, S.-I., Park, K.-H., Perera, J., Carlos, C., Ban, H.T., Kumarasinghe, G., So, T., ChongthaLeong, A., Hsueh, P.-R., Liu, J.-W., Song, J.-H., Chiu, C.-H. (2009-06). High rate of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone among nontyphoid Salmonella clinical isolates in Asia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53 (6) : 2696-2699. [email protected] Repository. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01297- ...
FSIS policy, precedent means Salmonella petition faces tough sledding | LexBlogFSIS policy, precedent means Salmonella petition faces tough sledding | LexBlog
A petition to USDAs Food Safety and Inspection Service asking for the listing of 31 Salmonella strains as meat and poultry adulterants raises a question. How did FSIS respond the last time someone wanted to list Salmonella as an adulterant?. That someone was the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which spent much of the past decade trying to persuade FSIS to declare four Salmonella strains as adulterants because they are antibiotic-resistant (ABR) strains. The four ABRs are: Hadar, Heidelberg, Newport, and Typhimurium.. The new petition, filed Sunday by food safety attorney Bill Marler, asks FSIS to declare adulterant status for the four ABS strains and 27 others that he calls the "Salmonella Outbreak Serotypes.". They are: Salmonella Agona, Anatum, Berta, Blockely, Braenderup, Derby, Dublin, Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, I 4,[5],12:i:-, Infantis, Javiana, Litchfield, Mbandaka, Mississippi, Montevideo, Muenchen, Newport, Oranienburg, Panama, Poona, Reading, Saintpaul, Sandiego, ...
GSE23062 - Global transcriptional response of porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines to Salmonella enterica serovar...GSE23062 - Global transcriptional response of porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines to Salmonella enterica serovar...
The GeneChip Porcine Genome Array was used to identify the transcriptional response upon either Salmonella typhimurium (ST) or Salmonella choleraesuis (SC) infection in two porcine epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2, from jejunum and IPI-2I, from ileum) during 2 and 4 hours post infection. The objectives in this study were first, to identify the different response between the epithelial cell lines from different gut regions; second, to study how the Salmonella serotypes used could elicit a different host response; and third, to determine the effect of the time-points on the differentially gene expression. Overall design: Epithelial cells were seeded into 6-well tissue culture plates and grown to confluence in 5% CO2 at 37ºC. Monolayers were infected for 1 h. with Salmonella typhimurium or Salmonella choleraesuis serotypes (MOI 1:10) or incubated with media alone (Control cells). Extracellular bacteria were removed, and cultures were further incubated during 2 and 4 h. in the presence of 50 µg/ml of the
Salmonella Choleraesuis in Swine - eXtensionSalmonella Choleraesuis in Swine - eXtension
Contents 1 Salmonella choleraesuis in Swine 1.1 History 1.2 Etiology 1.3 Zoonotic Potential 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 The Disease 1.6...
Salmonella bongori (Le Minor et al.) Reeves et al. ATCC ® 43975D-5Salmonella bongori (Le Minor et al.) Reeves et al. ATCC ® 43975D-5
Salmonella bongori ATCC ® 43975D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Salmonella bongori strain 1224.72 TypeStrain=True Application:
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Salmonella serovars isolated from animal-derived dog treats in the USA ...Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Salmonella serovars isolated from animal-derived dog treats in the USA ...
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the potential risk of dog treats in transmitting Salmonella to humans in the USA, and to characterize genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance among the isolates.. Methods: A total of 158 dog treats derived from pig ears and other animal parts were randomly collected nationwide and assayed for the presence of Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates were characterized using serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.. Results: Forty-one percent (65/158) of samples were positive for Salmonella. Eighty-four Salmonella isolates, comprising 24 serotypes, were recovered from the 65 positive samples. Fourteen samples were contaminated with more than one Salmonella serotype. PFGE analysis of 78 Salmonella isolates yielded 64 patterns. S. Infantis with PFGE patterns indistinguishable from those of strains identified in Canadian outbreaks in 1999 were recovered in several dog treat products. ...
Nontherapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animal Agriculture: Implications for Pediatrics | AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS ...Nontherapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animal Agriculture: Implications for Pediatrics | AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS ...
Nontyphoidal Salmonella organisms cause 1.4 million illnesses annually, 95% of which are thought to be foodborne.16 It is estimated that 600 deaths occur annually from Salmonella infections, primarily among the elderly and very young.16 More than one third of all cases occur in children younger than 10 years,18 and the incidence in children younger than 1 year is 10 times higher than in the general population (128.9 vs 12.4 per 100 000).17 Ten percent of blood and central nervous system infections caused by Salmonella species as reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention occur in children younger than 1 year.26 Children of all ages with chronic conditions such as sickle cell anemia are at high risk of serious complications from infections with Salmonella species.27. The dissemination of resistant Salmonella infections through the food chain is well documented. A 6-state outbreak of plasmid-mediated, multidrug-resistant Salmonella newport infection attributed to consumption of ...
FREE Preventing and Treating Salmonella Infections EssayFREE Preventing and Treating Salmonella Infections Essay
Salmonella caused by an infectious agent (pathogen) that is called Salmonella enteriditis. The bacteria is larger than a virus; but, is visible with a microscope. It is a microscopic living creature that passes from the feces of people or animals to others. It has been causing illnesses for over 100 years. It infects the cell, multiples within it then bursts the cell. Special effect protein factors are required for salmonella intestinal invasion and the induction of fluid secretion and inflammatory responses. Salmonella is most common in birds, mainly poultry. Newborn calves are also susceptible to the bacteria. The feces from the dam could get in the mouth of the calf after being born. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella enteric are which causes human disease. Salmonellosis spreads to people by ingestion of Salmonella bacteria that is from contaminated food. Salmonella is worldwide and can contaminate almost any food type, but outbreaks of the disease have highly involved raw eggs, raw meat, ...
Rappaport Vassiliadis Soy (RVS; Salmonella Enrichment) Broth - MikrobiyolojiRappaport Vassiliadis Soy (RVS; Salmonella Enrichment) Broth - Mikrobiyoloji
Kaynaklar Alcaide, E.T., Martinez, J.P., Martinez-Germex, P., a. Garay, E.: Improved Salmonella recovery from moderate to highly polluted waters. - J. Appl. Bact., 53; 143-146 (1982). Fricker, C.R., Girdwood, R.W.A., a. Monro, D.: A comparison of enrichment media for the isolation of salmonellae from seagull cloacal swabs. - J. Hg., 91; 53-58 (1983). Kalapothaki, F., Vassiliadis, P., Mavrommati, CH., a. Trichopoulos, D.: Comparison of Rappaport-Vassiliadis Enrichment Medium und Tetrathionate Brilliant Green Broth for Isolation of Salmonellae from Meat Products. - J. Food Protection, 46, 7; 618-621 (1982). Maijala, R.: Johansson, T., Hirn, J.: Growth of Salmonella and competing flora in five commercial Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV)-media. - Intern. J. Food Microbiology, 17; 1-8 (1992). Pietzsch, O.: Neue Aspekte des Anreicherungsverfahrens für Salmonellen. - 25. Arbeitstagung des Arbeitsgebietes "Lebensmittelhygiene" der DVG, Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1984). Van Schothorst, M., a. Renaud, A.M.: ...
Salmonella : classification, genetics & disease outbreaks by Monte, Adelaide S. (9781619429284) | BrownsBfSSalmonella : classification, genetics & disease outbreaks by Monte, Adelaide S. (9781619429284) | BrownsBfS
Salmonella are ubiquitous enteric bacteria, responsible for thousands of deaths world-wide.. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the classification, genetics and disease outbreak cases relating to salmonella.. Topics include the pre- and post-harvest intervention strategies for controlling salmonella contamination in broiler production; salmonella enterica survival to biocides and antibiotics; salmonella new-port contamination in produce; genome comparisons of salmonella; salmonella in sub-Antarctica and Antarctica; and hazard of salmonella in the intact shell egg. ...
Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Beef Samples Sold at Tamale Metropolis, GhanaPrevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Beef Samples Sold at Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Abstract: This work reports for the first on the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in beef sold in the Tamale Metropolis. The conventional method was used to isolate Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from beef samples sold at the Tamale Metropolis. Seventy beef samples were obtained from seven different locations where meat is popularly sold in the Tamale Metropolis and analyzed microbiologically for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. by following procedures in the Bacteriological Analytical Manuel of the FDA-USA. The average prevalence of Escherichia coli was 56% and was highest in Location G (100%), followed by Location C (80%), Locations D and F (60%), Location B (50%) and Location E (40%). Escherichia coli was not isolated from Location A. The overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the beef samples was 31%. The location with the highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was Location F (90%), followed by Location D (50%), Location E (30%) and Location C (20%). Locations A, ...
INFECTION-IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLOSIS | JEMINFECTION-IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLOSIS | JEM
Salmonella enteritidis is highly virulent for the mouse causing an infection resembling mouse typhoid. Survivors of the infection are completely resistant to reinfection and eliminate a large challenge dose of virulent organisms within 72 hr. The antigenically related Salmonella gallinarum was almost avirulent for the mouse but animals vaccinated with this organism were equally capable of eliminating a lethal dose of virulent S. enteritidis. Living Salmonella pullorum, on the other hand, was quickly eliminated from the tissues of normal mice. Vaccination with this organism failed to evoke an effective bactericidal mechanism. Alcohol-killed vaccines of these three Salmonellae all produced an increase in blood clearance rate, but gave only marginal protection against S. enteritidis. Liver and spleen counts on these mice revealed a 1 to 2 day delay before any net increase in the total bacterial population could be observed. Immunization of mice with increasing doses of living Salmonella montevideo ...
Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Molecular Detection of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Species Isolated from Broiler Farm in...Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Molecular Detection of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Species Isolated from Broiler Farm in...
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella are a leading cause of foodborne diseases and serious human health concerns worldwide. In this study we detected MDR Salmonella in broiler chicken along with the resistance genes and class 1 integron gene intl1. A total of 100 samples were collected from broiler farms comprising 50 cloacal swabs, 35 litter and 15 feed samples. Overall prevalence of Salmonella was 35% with the highest detected in cloacal swabs. Among the Salmonella, 30 isolates were confirmed as S. enterica serovar Typhimurium using molecular methods of PCR. Disk diffusion susceptibility test revealed that all the Salmonella were classified as MDR with the highest resistance to tetracycline (97.14%), chloramphenicol (94.28%), ampicillin (82.85%) and streptomycin (77.14%). The most prevalent resistance genotypes were tetA (97.14%), floR (94.28%), blaTEM-1 (82.85%) and aadA1 (77.14%). In addition, among the MDR Salmonella, 20% were positive for class 1 integron gene (intl1). As far as we know, this is
Detection of Salmonella dublin mammary gland infection in carrier cows, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody...Detection of Salmonella dublin mammary gland infection in carrier cows, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Detection of Salmonella dublin mammary gland infection in carrier cows, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody in milk or serum.. AU - Smith, Bradford. AU - Oliver, D. G.. AU - Singh, P.. AU - Dilling, G.. AU - Martin, P. A.. AU - Ram, B. P.. AU - Jang, L. S.. AU - Sharkov, N.. AU - Orsborn, J. S.. AU - Marvin, P. A.. PY - 1989/8/1. Y1 - 1989/8/1. N2 - An ELISA has been developed for measurement of milk and serum IgG concentrations directed against Salmonella dublin. Four groups of cows were studied: group A--7 experimentally challenge-exposed cows (infected, recovered group); group B--6 normal uninfected randomly selected control cows; group C--7 naturally occurring S dublin carrier cows; and group D--6 normal uninfected S dublin negative cows from the same herd as group C. Group-A cows were inoculated orally, or inoculated orally and then IV, but none became a S dublin carrier. As expected, all 7 group-A cows responded with a marked increase in ELISA titer ...
Salmonella - LABOKLIN GMBH & CO.KG LABOR FÜR KLINISCHE DIAGNOSTIKSalmonella - LABOKLIN GMBH & CO.KG LABOR FÜR KLINISCHE DIAGNOSTIK
Salmonella belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae and are found in the intestines of animals and humans. In most cases, infection occurs faecal-orally or by feeding raw meat. Salmonella infections affect almost all animal species. Compared to herbivorous pets, dogs and cats are more resistant to salmonella infections. Under favourable conditions, salmonellosis causes diarrhoea with vomiting and fever; in young animals, the disease can also become septicaemic. In reptiles and amphibians, salmonella can be part of the normal intestinal flora. In these animals, clinically relevant salmonelloses are associated with immune deficiency. According to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), about 10% of all human salmonella infections, which cause diarrhoea, are related to direct contact with excreting dogs, cats and particularly reptiles. For some time now, ESBL producers have also been detected among salmonella, especially in livestock. Because of the ESBL problem, creating an antibiogram is essential. In ...
Survival of inoculated Salmonella on the shell of hens eggs and its potential significance : WestminsterResearchSurvival of inoculated Salmonella on the shell of hens' eggs and its potential significance : WestminsterResearch
The aim of this research was to evaluate the risk of inoculated Salmonella persisting on the outside of the shell of hens eggs. Hens eggs were surface inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella strains and stored for up to 54 days at 4, 10 and 20 °C and at 80 and 90% relative humidity. Salmonella survival showed an irregular pattern, with extremes of high recovery and no recovery. However, salmonellae were always recovered after resuscitation. Monte Carlo simulation of different scenarios using relevant assumptions indicated that the distribution of surviving Salmonella was skewed towards low numbers, suggesting higher chances of Salmonella persisting on the eggs in low numbers (,104 cfu egg−1). Although numbers were low, the research demonstrated the ability of salmonellae to survive on the shells of eggs following contamination and this clearly has safety implications for handling of eggs in the food industry and the domestic environment. ...
Fedorka-Cray PJ, et al. Feed and feed trucks as sources of Salmonella contamination in swineFedorka-Cray PJ, et al. Feed and feed trucks as sources of Salmonella contamination in swine
1. Taylor J, McCoy JH. Salmonella and Arizonae infections and intoxications. In Riemann, H (ed.) Foodborne Infections and Intoxications. Academic Press:New York, New York. 1969;3-72.. 2. Bean NH, Griffin PM. Foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States 1973-1987: pathogens, vehicles and trends. J Food Prot. 1990; 53:804-817.. 3. Lammerding AM, Garcia MM, Mann ED, Robinson Y, Dorward WJ, Truscott RB, Tittiger F. 1988. Prevalence of Salmonella and thermophilic Campylobacter in fresh pork, beef, veal and poultry in Canada. J Food Prot. 1988; 51:47-52.. 4. Buchwald DS, Blaser MJ. A review of human salmonellosis. II. Duration of excretion following infection and nontyphi Salmonella. Rev Infect Dis. 1984; 6:345-356.. 5. Kotova AL, Kondratskaya SA, Yasutis IM. 1988. Salmonella carrier state and biological characteristics of the infectious agent. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1988; 32:71-78.. 6. Wood RL, Pospischil A, Rose R. 1989. Distribution of persistent Salmonella typhimurium infection in ...
Evaluation of bacterial contamination in raw and heated milks from different farms / Sharifah Nur Amalina Syed Salleh - UiTM...Evaluation of bacterial contamination in raw and heated milks from different farms / Sharifah Nur Amalina Syed Salleh - UiTM...
Milk has been consumed since a long time ago as a source of nourishment. The rising cases of diseases related to milk-borne bacteria contaminating the raw milk have been very alarming recently. This project is done to determine the bacterial contamination in raw and boiled milk samples taken from different farms. Different selective media were used in this study to detect the presence of E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus in the milk samples. Gram staining was done and the bacteria were observed to identify their morphology. Biochemical tests were then performed to further characterize the isolates. There is no contamination of E. coli recorded in all of the samples. However, most raw milk samples contain high number of coliforms, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. It is then found that raw milk samples taken from Farm 1contain the highest bacterial contamination. Therefore, it showed that consuming raw milk can cause harmful effects due to the presence of bacterial ...
Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella in two integrated broiler operations in Korea | Irish Veterinary Journal | Full...Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella in two integrated broiler operations in Korea | Irish Veterinary Journal | Full...
Although Salmonella infection in elite and grandparent chicken breeding flocks is extremely rare and is not considered a source of infection for the industry as a whole, Williams et al. [29] reported that contaminated eggs have the potential spread Salmonella through a hatchery, because eggs from infected flocks can be contaminated during laying, or from infected litter, dust, or equipment at the production site, and subsequently, Salmonella can disseminate throughout the integrated poultry industry. The prevalence of Salmonella (0.8%) in broiler breeder hatcheries in this study was relatively low, but even infected breeder flock can cause widespread Salmonella contamination [27]. Furthermore, the prevalence of Salmonella (15.1%) in broiler breeder farms observed in this study was relatively high compared to that in broiler breeder hatcheries.. The presence and persistence of Salmonella contaminants in commercial hatcheries indicate that the vulnerable day-of-hatch chick may be at greater risk ...
Characterization of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Retail Meats | Applied and Environmental...Characterization of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Retail Meats | Applied and Environmental...
In this study, we examined Salmonella isolates recovered from retail meats purchased in the United States and the Peoples Republic of China to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and genotypes. In general, our findings are similar to those described in previous studies showing that Salmonella isolates in retail meats are commonly resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin (20, 32). Our findings also showed that the frequencies of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella strains isolated from retail meats purchased in the Peoples Republic of China were lower than the frequencies of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella strains isolated from retail meats purchased in the United States. Further studies involving larger sample sizes are necessary to more precisely determine if there are differences in antimicrobial resistance between Salmonella isolates from the two countries.. Resistance to ceftriaxone is a concern ...
The inhibitive action of cobalt on Salmonella pullorumThe inhibitive action of cobalt on Salmonella pullorum
Rights: This volume was digitized and made accessible online due to deterioration of the original print copy. If you are the author of this work and would like to have online access removed, please contact the Library Administration Office, 785-532-7400, [email protected] ...
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg 070885 and Its Linalool-Adapted Mutant - Semantic ScholarDraft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg 070885 and Its Linalool-Adapted Mutant - Semantic Scholar
Here we report the genome sequences of both Salmonella Senftenberg 070885, a clinical isolate from the 2007 outbreak linked to basil, and its mutant linalool-adapted S Senftenberg (LASS). These draft genomes of S Senftenberg may enable the identification of bacterial genes responsible for resistance to basil oil.
Salmonella serotypes in wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) hunted in northern Italy | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica | Full TextSalmonella serotypes in wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) hunted in northern Italy | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica | Full Text
Salmonella species (spp.) are zoonotic enteric bacteria able to infect humans, livestock and wildlife. However, little is known about the prevalence and the presence of the different serovars in wildlife. Considering the wide distribution of wild boars and the feeding behaviour (omnivorous scavengers), wild boars may be a good indicator for environmental presence of Salmonella spp. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of Salmonella spp. in hunted wild boars and to determine the serotype the isolated strains. Over three hunting seasons, the intestinal contents of 1,313 boars hunted in northern Italy were sampled and cultured. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 326 boars (24.82%). Thirty different serovars belonging to three different S. enterica spp. were found. Twenty-one serovars of S. enterica subsp. Enterica were found including the human pathogens S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In addition, nine serovars belonging to S.enterica subsp. diarizonae and S. enterica subsp. houtenae
Comparison of gene amplification and culture-based methods for Salmonella detection ~ Rapid Micro Methods BlogComparison of gene amplification and culture-based methods for Salmonella detection ~ Rapid Micro Methods Blog
Novel rapid Salmonella detection assays without the need for sophisticated equipment or labor remain in high demand. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays, though rapid and sensitive, require expensive thermocyclers, while a novel RT loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method requires only a simple water bath. Our objective was to compare the detection sensitivity of Salmonella Typhimurium from the pork processing environment by RT-LAMP, RT-PCR, and culture-based assays. Carcass and surface swabs and carcass rinses were obtained from a local processing plant. Autoclaved carcass rinses (500 ml) were spiked with Salmonella Typhimurium and filtered. Filters were placed in stomacher bags containing tetrathionate broth (TTB) and analyzed with or without 10-h enrichment at 37 °C. Natural swabs were stomached with buffered peptone water, and natural carcass rinses were filtered, preenriched, and further enriched in TTB. Serially-diluted enriched samples were enumerated by ...
Salmonella spp. isolates causing bloodstream infections in Latin America: report of antimicrobial activity from the SENTRY...Salmonella spp. isolates causing bloodstream infections in Latin America: report of antimicrobial activity from the SENTRY...
Recent years have seen a dramatic rise in the incidence and severity of cases of human salmonellosis, in addition, multidrug resistant strains have arisen. the objective of this study as to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella spp. clinical isolates collected from Latin American medical centers as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance System. A total of 144 bloodstream Salmonella spp. isolates were collected between 1997 and 2000. the susceptibility to diverse antimicrobial agents was tested by broth microdilution techniques according to the NCCLS recommendations. the Salmonella spp. strains were more frequently collected from adult patients (67.0%; 21-60 years) and isolated from Chile (28.5%) , Brazil (25.0%) , Mexico , Colombia ( 11,8%). Ampicillin (MIC50, 1 mug/ml) showed good in vitro activity (92.4% susceptibility). Meropenem (MIC50. 0.06 mug/ml) and gatifloxacin (MIC50, 0.03 mug/ml) were the most Potent compounds against the Salmonella spp. isolates ( ...
Search Results | Emerald InsightSearch Results | Emerald Insight
The Medical Research Council has issued a special report by Dr. W. G. Savage and Mr. Bruce White on food poisoning, based upon a study of 100 recent outbreaks in this country, most of which have not been previously published. The Report is prefaced by a general survey of the different causes of outbreaks of food poisoning, the epidemiological and clinical features of food poisoning, the paths of infection, and prevention of food poisoning. The report is a continuation of the special investigations of Dr. Savage and Mr. White, published in the Medical Research Council Report No. 91, and entitled "An investigation of the salmonella group, with special reference to food poisoning," which dealt chiefly with the classification and distribution of the salmonella bacteria. By far the commonest cause of food poisoning in this country is infection of food by living salmonella bacteria or by the toxins of these microbes. Salmonella bacteria multiply rapidly in food without betraying their presence by any ...
Salmonella cholerae-suis | definition of Salmonella cholerae-suis by Medical dictionarySalmonella cholerae-suis | definition of Salmonella cholerae-suis by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Salmonella cholerae-suis in the Medical Dictionary? Salmonella cholerae-suis explanation free. What is Salmonella cholerae-suis? Meaning of Salmonella cholerae-suis medical term. What does Salmonella cholerae-suis mean?
Predictors for extraintestinal infection of non-typhoidal salmonella in patients without AIDS<...Predictors for extraintestinal infection of non-typhoidal salmonella in patients without AIDS<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Predictors for extraintestinal infection of non-typhoidal salmonella in patients without AIDS. AU - Chiu, Cheng Hsun. AU - Lin, T. Y.. AU - Ou, J. T.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - To identify the risks and predictors for extraintestinal infection (EII) in patients with non-typhoidal salmonellosis, we undertook a study of 398 patients with cultures positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella seen at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung Childrens Hospital between November 1993 and October 1994. Salmonella choleraesuis was the most invasive serotype observed. S. panama, S. typhimurium and S. schwarzengrund were the commonest causes of EII among those serotypes usually causing gastroenteritis. Pre-existing underlying disease, particularly immunosuppressive disease, was the most important risk factor that may have predisposed adult patients to have EII. Old age (≥ 60 years) and isolation of invasive serotypes were also frequently associated with EII in adult patients. The ...
USDA APHIS | NAHMS Food Safety InformationUSDA APHIS | NAHMS Food Safety Information
NAHMS Salmonella. Dairy 2007: Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter on U.S. Dairy Operations, 1996-2007 (pdf 1.3mb 3/11). Salmonella and Campylobacter on U.S. Dairy Operations, 1996-2007 (pdf 47kb 7/09). Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria in Bulk Tank Milk and In-line Filters on U.S. Dairies, 2007 (pdf 56kb 7/09). Salmonella on U.S. Beef Cow-calf Operations, 2007-08 (pdf 29kb 6/09). Salmonella on U.S. Swine Sites--Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility (pdf 59kb 1/09). Salmonella and Campylobacter on U.S. Dairy Operations (pdf 32kb 12/03). Salmonella and Listeria in Bulk Tank Milk on U.S. Dairies (pdf 40kb 12/03). What Veterinarians and Producers Should Know About Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Newport (pdf 172kb 9/02). Salmonella in United States Feedlots (pdf 56kb 10/01). Salmonella and the U.S. Horse Population (pdf 292kb 5/01). Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (pdf 184kb 10/00). Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in Table Egg Layers in the U.S. (pdf 1.8mb ...
Use of the polymerase chain reaction for Salmonella detection<...Use of the polymerase chain reaction for Salmonella detection<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Use of the polymerase chain reaction for Salmonella detection. AU - Kwang, J.. AU - Littledike, E. T.. AU - Keen, J. E.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1996. Y1 - 1996. N2 - A primer set of oligonucleotides (S18 and S19) from the ompC gene of Salmonella has been evaluated for specific detection of Salmonella by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This primer set successfully amplified 40 Salmonella serovars (60 isolates), but not 24 non-Salmonella bacteria (42 isolates) that have been tested so far. The uniqueness of these primer sequences was also confirmed. The sensitivity of PCR detection in extracted chromosomal DNA for Salm. typhimurium was 1 pg. The sensitivity for boiled whole bacteria was 400 cells. The detection of Salm. typhimurium in ground beef samples required 4-6 h enrichment with an initial inocula of 100 bacteria.. AB - A primer set of oligonucleotides (S18 and S19) from the ompC gene of Salmonella has been evaluated for ...
Control of Invasive Salmonella Disease in Africa: Is There a Role for Human Challenge Models? - Oxford Vaccine GroupControl of Invasive Salmonella Disease in Africa: Is There a Role for Human Challenge Models? - Oxford Vaccine Group
Invasive Salmonella disease in Africa is a major public health concern. With evidence of the transcontinental spread of the Salmonella Typhi H58 haplotype, improved estimates of the burden of infection and understanding of the complex interplay of factors affecting disease transmission are needed to assist with efforts aimed at disease control. In addition to Salmonella Typhi, invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella are increasingly recognized as an important cause of febrile illness and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Human experimental oral challenge studies with Salmonella can be used as a model to offer unique insights into host-pathogen interactions as well as a platform to efficiently test new diagnostic and vaccine candidates. In this article, we review the background and use of human challenge studies to date and discuss how findings from these studies may lead to progress in the control of invasive Salmonella disease in Africa.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from chicken carcasses and environment at slaughter in Reunion Island: prevalence,...Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from chicken carcasses and environment at slaughter in Reunion Island: prevalence,...
Salmonella contamination of 71 chicken broiler flocks was investigated at the slaughterhouse in Reunion Island between October 2007 and January 2009. Samples were collected from live broiler chickens and chicken carcasses as well as the slaughterhouse environment. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 40 of 71 (56 % with a confidence interval 5 % [45-67]) broiler chicken flocks at slaughter. The most prominent serovars were Blockley (31 %), Typhimurium and Brancaster (14 %), Hadar (10 %), Salmonella multidrug resistant clinical organisms serotypes 1,4,[5],12:i:-, and Virchow (8 %) and Livingstone, St. Paul, Seftenberg, Llandoff, Infantis and Indiana. At the farm, 27 % of the broiler chicken flocks tested positive for Salmonella spp. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 124 of 497 environmental samples (25 %). In most cases, there was no relationship between pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern and antibiotic resistance pattern. The predominant Salmonella serovars were susceptible to most of the
Betta Fish Food Recall by Hartz Mountain for Possible Salmonella bacteria - BettaFishforSale.orgBetta Fish Food Recall by Hartz Mountain for Possible Salmonella bacteria - BettaFishforSale.org
Betta Fish Food Recall by Hartz Mountain for Possible Salmonella bacteria contamination. Wardley Betta Fish Food made by Hartz Mountain Corporation is recalling their Fish Food because it may be contaminated with Salmonella bacteria. While there are no re
Changing patterns of Salmonella serovars: increase of Salmonella Enteritidis in São Paulo, BrazilChanging patterns of Salmonella serovars: increase of Salmonella Enteritidis in São Paulo, Brazil
TAVECHIO, A.T. et al. Changing patterns of Salmonella serovars: increase of Salmonella Enteritidis in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo [online]. 1996, vol.38, n.5, pp.315-322. ISSN 1678-9946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46651996000500001.. Serovars of a total of 5,490 Salmonella strains isolated during the period of 1991-95, from human infections (2,254 strains) and from non-human materials (3,236 strains) were evaluated. In the studied period, 81 different serovars were determined among human isolates. Salmonella Enteritidis corresponded to 1.2% in 1991, 2% in 1992, 10.1% in 1993, 43.3% in 1994, and 64.9% in 1995 of all isolates. A significant rise on the isolation of this serovar was seen since 1993 linked to food poisoning outbreaks. It is reported also an increase on the isolation of S. Enteritidis from blood cultures, associated mainly with patients with immunodeficiency syndrome. S. Enteritidis was prevalent among one hundred and thirty different serovars isolated ...
EFSA assesses risk of Salmonella from pig meat | European Food Safety AuthorityEFSA assesses risk of Salmonella from pig meat | European Food Safety Authority
The Panel found evidence suggesting that the human cases attributable to Salmonella in pig meat will mainly depend on the levels of Salmonella in pigs and pig meat, as well as on consumption patterns and the relative importance of the other sources of Salmonella.. The Panel evaluated a series of measures to reduce the number of human cases of Salmonella. These included ensuring pigs in breeding holdings are free from Salmonella, ensuring that the feed is also free from Salmonella, adequate cleaning and disinfection of holdings, avoiding contamination during slaughter, and decontaminating carcasses. The Panel indicated that these measures should be used in combination and based on the individual situation of each Member State; and that a hundredfold reduction of the number of Salmonella bacteria on contaminated carcasses would result in a 60-80% reduction of the cases of human salmonellosis originating from pig meat consumption.. The experts also indicated that in order to reduce Salmonella in ...
Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on Whole and Sliced Cucumbers - PubAgGrowth and Survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on Whole and Sliced Cucumbers - PubAg
Cucumbers were associated with four multistate outbreaks of Salmonella in the United States between 2013 and 2016. This study evaluated the fate of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on whole and sliced cucumbers at various storage temperatures. Cucumbers were inoculated with five-strain cocktails of L. monocytogenes or Salmonella, air dried, and stored at 23 ± 2, 4 ± 2, and −18 ± 2°C. Whole and sliced cucumber samples were enumerated on nonselective and selective media at 0, 0.21, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days (23 ± 2°C); 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days (4 ± 2°C); and 0, 7, 28, 60, 90, and 120 days (−18 ± 2°C). For Salmonella, additional time points were added at 8 and 17 h (23 ± 2°C) and at 17 h (4 ± 2°C). Population levels were calculated for whole (CFU per cucumber) and sliced (CFU per gram) cucumbers. Both pathogens grew on whole and sliced cucumbers held at ambient temperatures. At 23 ± 2°C, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella populations significantly increased on whole (2.3 and ...
Frontiers | Study of Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Laying Hens | MicrobiologyFrontiers | Study of Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Laying Hens | Microbiology
Members of Salmonella enterica are frequently involved in egg and egg product related human food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. In Australia, Salmonella Typhimurium is frequently involved in egg and egg product related foodborne illness and Salmonella Mbandaka has also been found to be a contaminant of the layer farm environment. The ability possessed by Salmonella Enteritidis to colonise reproductive organs and contaminate developing eggs has been well described. However, there are few studies investigating this ability for Salmonella Typhimurium. The hypothesis of this study was that the Salmonella Typhimurium can colonise the gut for a prolonged period of time and that horizontal infection through feces is the main route of egg contamination. At 14 weeks of age hens were orally infected with either S. Typhimurium PT 9 or S. Typhimurium PT 9 and Salmonella Mbandaka. Salmonella shedding in feces and eggs was monitored for 15 weeks post infection. Egg shell surface and internal contents of eggs laid
Outbreaks of Human Salmonella Infections Associated with Live Poultry, United States, 1990-2014 - Volume 22, Number 10-October...Outbreaks of Human Salmonella Infections Associated with Live Poultry, United States, 1990-2014 - Volume 22, Number 10-October...
Backyard poultry flocks have increased in popularity concurrent with an increase in live poultry-associated salmonellosis (LPAS) outbreaks. Better understanding of practices that contribute to this emerging public health issue is needed. We reviewed outbreak reports to describe the epidemiology of LPAS outbreaks in the United States, examine changes in trends, and inform prevention campaigns. LPAS outbreaks were defined as ≥2 culture-confirmed human Salmonella infections linked to live poultry contact. Outbreak data were obtained through multiple databases and a literature review. During 1990-2014, a total of 53 LPAS outbreaks were documented, involving 2,630 illnesses, 387 hospitalizations, and 5 deaths. Median patient age was 9 years (range &lt;1 to 92 years). Chick and duckling exposure were reported by 85% and 38% of case-patients, respectively. High-risk practices included keeping poultry inside households (46% of case-patients) and kissing birds (13%). Comprehensive One Health strategies are
37 cases of salmonella in 13 U.S. states linked to pet turtles37 cases of salmonella in 13 U.S. states linked to pet turtles
CDC and multiple states are investigating a multi-state outbreak of salmonella infections from people who were in contact with pet turtles.. Warnings about real live turtles giving salmonella to the people who handle them have also been around for decades, but people keep getting sick, and thats not cool.. CDC. Multistate outbreak of SalmonellaAgbeni infections linked to pet turtles, 2017. Whole genome sequencing showed that the Salmonella Agbeni isolated from ill people in this outbreak is closely related genetically to the Salmonella Agbeni isolates from turtles. The average of age of those cases was 4, but the infections affected people from 1 to 94 years old.. Both the CDC and the Food and Drug Administration dont recommend buying turtles or gifting them. All turtles can carry Salmonella, but it may be a particular risk in smaller or illicitly obtained turtles.. The symptoms of salmonella are diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, which usually appear 12 to 72 hours after people get ...
Ninth CRL-Salmonella interlaboratory comparison study (2004) on typing of Salmonella spp - Webbased Archive of RIVM PublicationsNinth CRL-Salmonella interlaboratory comparison study (2004) on typing of Salmonella spp - Webbased Archive of RIVM Publications
Het negende ringonderzoek voor de typering van Salmonella werd in de lente van 2004 georganiseerd door het Communautair Referentie Laboratorium voor Salmonella (CRL-Salmonella, Bilthoven, Nederland) in samenwerking met Health Protection Agency (HPA, Londen, Verenigd Koninkrijk) en het Centraal Instituut voor Dierziekte Controle (CIDC, Lelystad, Nederland). Vijfentwintig Nationale Referentie Laboratoria voor Salmonella (NRLs-Salmonella) inclusief Noorwegen en Kandidaat lidstaat Roemenie en 18 Enter-Net Laboratoria (ENLs) namen deel aan de studie. Twintig stammen van species Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica werden geselecteerd voor de serotypering. Tien stammen van Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) en 10 stammen van Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) werden geselecteerd voor faagtypering. Tien stammen van Salmonella spp. werden geselecteerd voor antimicrobiele gevoeligheidsbepalingen. In het algemeen werden geen problemen gevonden met de typering van de O-antigenen. Enkele laboratoria hadden problemen ...
Davies PR. 2000;1:25-29 Fecal shedding of Salmonella by gilts beDavies PR. 2000;1:25-29 Fecal shedding of Salmonella by gilts be
1. Ghosh AC. An epidemiological study of the incidence of Salmonella in pigs. J Hyg Camb. 1972;70:151-160.. 2. Ishiguro N, Sato G, Takeuchi K, et al. A longitudinal study of Salmonella infection on a piggery: A study of the mode of contamination by biotyping of Salmonella typhimurium and by the antiobiogram. Jap J Vet Sci. 1979;41:261-272.. 4. Mousing J, Jensen PT, Halgaard C, et al. Nationwide Salmonella enterica surveillance and control in Danish slaughter swine herds. Prev Vet Med. 1997;29:247-261.. 5. Berends BR, Urlings HAP, Snidjers JMA, et al. Identification of risk factors in animal management and transport regarding Salmonella spp. in pigs. Int J Food Microbiol. 1996;30:37-53.. 6. Dahl J, Wingstrand A, Nielsen B, et al. Elimination of Salmonella typhimurium infection by the strategic movement of pigs. Vet Rec. 1997;140:679-681.. 7. Davies PR, Bovee FGM, Funk JA, et al. Isolation of Salmonella serotypes from feces of pigs raised in a multiple-site production system. JAVMA. ...
Thomson International Onions Linked to Salmonella Newport OutbreakThomson International Onions Linked to Salmonella Newport Outbreak
Noted food safety attorney Fred Pritzker, who has represented many clients sickened with Salmonella infections in lawsuits, said, "When produce is eaten without a kill step, it is critical that growers, processors, and producers are confident those products are not contaminated with pathogens. Now hundreds of people are sick in two countries just because they bought red onions or ordered food made with that product in restaurants.". In the U.S. outbreak, many ill people are in lines clusters, which are two more more people who dont live in the same household who ate at the same restaurant, attended a common event, or shopped at the same grocery store before they got sick. Twenty-two illness clusters have been identified in seen states. Many of the people in those clusters ate red onions.. The traceback information collected from those clusters identified Thomson International of Bakersfield, California as a likely source of red onions. Because of the way onions are grown and harvested, other ...
Identification of a virulence locus encoding a second type III secretion system in Salmonella typhimurium | PNASIdentification of a virulence locus encoding a second type III secretion system in Salmonella typhimurium | PNAS
Mapping the insertion points of 16 signature-tagged transposon mutants on the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome led to the identification of a 40-kb virulence gene cluster at minute 30.7. This locus is conserved among all other Salmonella species examined but is not present in a variety of other pathogenic bacteria or in Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this locus revealed 11 open reading frames whose predicted proteins encode components of a type III secretion system. To distinguish between this and the type III secretion system encoded by the inv/spa invasion locus known to reside on a pathogenicity island, we refer to the inv/spa locus as Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) 1 and the new locus as SPI2. SPI2 has a lower G+C content than that of the remainder of the Salmonella genome and is flanked by genes whose products share greater than 90% identity with those of the E. coli ydhE and pykF genes. Thus SPI2 was probably acquired horizontally by insertion into a ...
Salmonella - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSalmonella - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Salmonella[1] is a genus of bacteria. It is a major cause of illness throughout the world. The bacteria are generally passed on to humans by eating or drinking food of animal origin which has the bacteria in it, mainly meat, poultry, eggs and milk. Bacteria from the genus Salmonella can cause diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera and typhus. These bacteria are zoonotic, meaning they can infect both animals and humans.. Salmonella is closely related to the Escherichia genus and are found worldwide in cold- and warm-blooded animals (including humans), and in the environment. They cause illnesses like typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness.[2]. Salmonella is also extremely dangerous, and like most diseases, weaker humans like the old and young could easily die from it. Salmonella can only be killed in food by cooking at high temperatures. This is called denatured.. ...
Salmonella pullorum infection and pheasants | Veterinary RecordSalmonella pullorum infection and pheasants | Veterinary Record
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
Salmonella Information | Page 2 of 3 | Salmonella BlogSalmonella Information | Page 2 of 3 | Salmonella Blog
S. enterica. • S. bongori Salmonella enterica, which is of the greatest public health concern, is comprised of six subspecies:. o S. enterica subsp. enterica (I). o S. enterica subsp. salamae (II). o S. enterica subsp. arizonae (IIIa). o S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (IIIb). o S. enterica subsp. houtenae (IV). o S. enterica subsp. indica (VI). Salmonella is further subdivided into serotypes, based on the Kaufmann-White typing scheme first published in 1934, which differentiates Salmonella strains by their surface and flagellar antigenic properties. Salmonella spp. are commonly referred to by their serotype names. For example, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is further divided into numerous serotypes, including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, which are common in the U.S. (Note that species names are italicized, but serotype names are not.). When Kaufmann first proposed the scheme, 44 serotypes had been discovered. As of 2007, the number of serotypes discovered was 2,579.. 2. ...
Prime-boost vaccination with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC and inactivated Salmonella Choleraesuis is protective...Prime-boost vaccination with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC and inactivated Salmonella Choleraesuis is protective...
Salmonellosis is a public health problem primarily caused by consumption of pork products contaminated with S. Typhimurium [2]. On the contrary, S. Choleraesuis, a host-adapted serovar in pigs, causes a typhoid-like disease in piglets, which is characterized by reduced growth and, in the most severe cases, a high mortality rate, and hence mainly representing an economic problem [1, 18]. S. Choleraesuis is not considered to be a major agent of zoonotic infections, although some cases of human infection have been recorded, especially in Asia [8].. Vaccination of pigs could represent a valid control system in countries with a high prevalence of salmonellosis in animals. Attenuated vaccines are more effective than inactivated ones in protecting against enteric diseases, due to their ability to induce cell-mediated and mucosal immunity [19]. To address this issue, in previous study we assessed the safety and efficacy of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC strain in different models of infection [11-16]. In the ...
Validation of baking to control Salmonella serovars in hamburger bun manufacturing, and evaluation of Enterococcus faecium ATCC...Validation of baking to control Salmonella serovars in hamburger bun manufacturing, and evaluation of Enterococcus faecium ATCC...
With the implementation of the Food and Drug Administrations Food Safety Modernization Act, the food industry must scientifically verify that current production processes provide sufficient protection against pathogens. This study was conducted to validate a simulated commercial baking process for hamburger buns to control Salmonella spp. contamination and to determine the appropriateness of using non-pathogenic surrogates (Enterococcus faecium ATCC 8459 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for in-plant process validation studies. Wheat flour was separately inoculated (~6 log CFU/g) with three Salmonella serovars (Typhimurium, Newport or Senftenberg) or E. faecium. Dough was formed, proofed, and baked to mimic commercial manufacturing conditions. Non-inoculated dough was used to evaluate S. cerevisiae (Bakers yeast) survival during baking. Buns were baked for 9, 11 and 13 min in a conventional oven set at 218°C, with internal bun temperature profiles recorded. Salmonella serovars and S. cerevisiae ...
LPS from S. abortus equi (S-form) Biotin TLRpure Sterile Solution - Order from AdipogenLPS from S. abortus equi (S-form) Biotin TLRpure Sterile Solution - Order from Adipogen
LPS from S. abortus equi (S-form) Biotin TLRpure Sterile Solution (Lipopolysaccharide), TLRpure and ultrapure (|99.9%). Isolated from S. abortus equi. Used for Innate Immunity, Adjuvant, Inflammasome, Autophagy and Signal Transduction Research.
CDC Updates Raw Scraped Tuna Salmonella Outbreak Investigation | Food Poisoning BulletinCDC Updates Raw Scraped Tuna Salmonella Outbreak Investigation | Food Poisoning Bulletin
Another outbreak of a very rare type of Salmonella bacteria, called Salmonella Nchanga, has been occurring at the same time as the Salmonella Bareilly outbreak. Based on patient interviews, and because 50% of the patients with the new type of bacteria also consumed raw sushi before becoming ill, the CDC is combining the Salmonella Bareilly investigation with the Salmonella Nchanga investigation.. FDA laboratories and two laboratories in Wisconsin have matched the two types of Salmonella taken from the raw tuna samples to the bacteria taken from stool samples of the patients.. The CDC has put together advice to consumers that anyone who eats sushi or other raw fish products should read.. Map provided courtesy of the CDC. ...
Diamond Pet Foods Expands Voluntary Recall to Include Diamond Puppy Formula due to Possible Salmonella Contamination - PetsBlogsDiamond Pet Foods Expands Voluntary Recall to Include Diamond Puppy Formula due to Possible Salmonella Contamination - PetsBlogs
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE - April 30, 2012 - Diamond Pet Foods is expanding a voluntary recall to include Diamond Puppy Formula dry dog food. The company took this precautionary measure because sampling revealed Salmonella in the product. No dog illnesses have been reported.. Salmonella can affect animals eating the products and there is risk to humans from handling contaminated pet products, especially if they have not thoroughly washed their hands after having contact with the products or any surfaces exposed to these products.. People infected with Salmonella should monitor themselves for some or all of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever. Rarely, Salmonella can result in more serious ailments, including arterial infections, endocarditis, arthritis, muscle pain, eye irritation, and urinary tract symptoms. Consumers exhibiting these signs after having contact with this product should contact their healthcare providers.. Pets with ...
Another Resistant Salmonella Strain Emerges | Food Safety NewsAnother Resistant Salmonella Strain Emerges | Food Safety News
In a study published online Wednesday in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, an international team of researchers led by Frances Pasteur Institute describes the emergence of a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella, this one a variant of S. Kentucky.. The new strain is highly resistant to several antimicrobials, notably ciprofloxacin, the main antibiotic used to treat severe cases of Salmonella poisoning. Ciprofloxacin is part of the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, the report explains.. The scientists say the highly resistant Salmonella Kentucky, which likely emerged in Africa, infected 489 people in France, England, Wales and Denmark between 2000 and 2008, and has turned up in imported spices in North America.. While S. Kentucky is the most common Salmonella serotype found in U.S. poultry, it has caused few illnesses, the report notes. But the scientists theorize that widespread use of fluoroquinolones in Nigeria and Morocco may have helped this variant develop drug resistance. ...
SalmonellaSalmonella
... can often be found in the intestinal tract of reptiles. A reptile with Salmonella can possibly infect its owner.Salmonella in iguanas is a health problem that can affect their owners sometimes more than the reptile itself. Beneficial bacteria, known as probiotics, have long been known to aid the intestinal tract of humans. Now a product is available for salmonella-positive reptiles. Many reptile-related diseases can be traced to the health of the reptiles intestinal tract. A good, well-balanced probiotic offers a safe approach for the gut of reptiles. Many have said that the use of NutriBAC has increased their reptiles appetite, reversed constipation, and stopped regurgitation following feedings. A good probiotic or beneficial bacteria, like NutriBAC, is simply a "tool" in the husbandry of reptiles and amphibians. NutriBAC is the only probiotic patented for use in reptiles and amphibians ...
The proportion (%) of antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. derived from human, food and animal slaughterhouses...The proportion (%) of antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. derived from human, food and animal slaughterhouses...
On Nippon AMR One Health Report (NAOR)The proportion (%) of antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. derived from human, food and animal slaughterhouses
Hurtig kontroll av Salmonella spp. og Salmonella Enteritidis - Labolytic ASHurtig kontroll av Salmonella spp. og Salmonella Enteritidis - Labolytic AS
Labolytic AS tilbyr en enkel og validert kromogen skål for deteksjon / påvisning av Salmonella spp., samt svært sensitive, hurtige og validerte PCR-metoder for deteksjon / påvisning av Salmonella spp. og Salmonella Enteritidis.
Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections linked to contact with backyard poultry: More than 1,000 cases reported -...Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections linked to contact with backyard poultry: More than 1,000 cases reported -...
As of August 23, 2019, a total of 1003 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella have been reported from 49 states.. Of 605 people with information available, 175 (29%) have been hospitalized. Two deaths have been reported.. The multiple multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections this year include serotypes Agona, Alachua, Altona, Anatum, Braenderup, Enteritidis, Infantis, Manhattan, Montevideo, Muenchen, Newport, and Oranienburg linked to contact with backyard poultry.. Salmonella serotype Altona was added to the investigation this past month.. Subscribe to Outbreak News TV. Whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of 149 bacterial isolates from ill people predicted antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility to one or more of the following drugs: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and ...
Peanut Butters Being Recalled For Salmonella Contamination | PreventionPeanut Butters Being Recalled For Salmonella Contamination | Prevention
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that nSpired Natural Foods is recalling a list of peanut butters due to a potential salmonella contamination. Recalled brands include Arrowhead Mills, MaraNatha, and private labels sold at Kroger, Safeway, Trader Joes, and Whole Foods.. See the complete list of 43 recalled peanut and nut butters here. The list includes unit UPCs and "Best By Date" ranges to watch out for. The possible contamination was discovered during a routine FDA testing and after four illnesses with possiby ties to the recall were reported. Symptoms of salmonella include fever, diarrhea (which may be bloody), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In more serious, rare cases, salmonella spreads through the intestines and blood stream and throughout the body, prompting an emergency situation. Young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems are the most likely to have severe infections. Contact your doctors if you are showing symptoms.. Consumers are ...
Identification of drug-resistant Salmonella from food handlers at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia | BMC Research Notes |...Identification of drug-resistant Salmonella from food handlers at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia | BMC Research Notes |...
Salmonella species are among the most common food borne pathogens worldwide and their infection is one of the major global public health problems. During the last decade, multidrug-resistant Salmonella species have increased to a great deal, especially in developing countries. The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates among food handlers at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia, were described in the current investigation. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2013 at the University of Gondar. Stool samples from selected volunteer food handlers were collected and analyzed complemented with questionnaire. Standard isolation, identification and biochemical tests were performed to identify Salmonella isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also carried out on each isolate using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The data was entered into Epi info version 3.5.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Out of 423 food handlers participated, 303(71
Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of the hydrogen sulfide-negative phenotype among diverse Salmonella...Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of the hydrogen sulfide-negative phenotype among diverse Salmonella...
Among 2179 Salmonella isolates obtained during national surveillance for salmonellosis in China from 2005 to 2013, we identified 46 non-H2S-producing strains originating from different sources. The isolates were characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance and genetic variability by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Mutation in the phs operon, which may account for the non-H2S-producing phenotype of the isolated Salmonella strains, was performed in this study. Among isolated non-H2S-producing Salmonella strains, more than 50% were recovered from diarrhea patients, of which H2S-negative S. Gallinarum, S. Typhimurium, S. Choleraesuis and S. Paratyphi A isolates constituted 76%. H2S-negative isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to ticarcillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline, and eight of them had the multidrug resistance phenotype. Most H2S-negative Salmonella isolates had similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and the same sequence type as H2S-positive
Salmonella O Antigen Group D (Typhi O) - 5ml - Rapid LabsSalmonella O Antigen Group D (Typhi O) - 5ml - Rapid Labs
Salmonella O Antigen Group D (Typhi O). Rapid Labs stained febrile antigen suspensions can be used to identify and quantitate specific antibodies in human sera following infection with certain Salmonellae pathogens. These febrile antigens are suitable for both the rapid slide and tube agglutination tests against human sera for the detection of these agglutinins.. These antigen suspensions are killed bacteria, stained to enhance the reading of agglutination tests. The blue stained antigens are specific to the somatic 0 antigens whilst the red stained antigens are specific to the flagellar H antigens.. Available in 5ml vials or bulk sizes.. ...
ASMscience | Salmonella spp.: MastersASMscience | Salmonella spp.: Masters
This chapter highlights recent progress made toward understanding the molecular basis of Salmonella-induced enteritis. Information is scarce on the specific course of events following nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in humans because most infected individuals are rarely hospitalized. As such, observations of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection have mostly come from patients admitted to the hospital with severe fatal infections. Interactions between bacteria and intestinal tissue were examined in starved, opium-treated guinea pigs several hours after oral challenge with 108 invasive serovar Typhimurium. This study found that Salmonella closely contacts the epithelial cells lining the intestine, primarily the ileum, and thereafter elicits the local degeneration of filamentous actin in apical microvilli and the underlying terminal web. More recently, studies have turned to the use of cattle to model the pathophysiology of Salmonella-induced enteritis in humans. Following nitrogen mustard administration,
Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food products in Morocco |...Prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food products in Morocco |...
Introduction: Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide. The irrational use of antibiotics in medicine and in animal feed has greatly promoted the emergence and spread of resistant strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella.. Methodology: A total of 464 food products were collected in Tetouan from January 2010 to December 2012. The isolation and identification of Salmonella were performed according to Moroccan standard 08.0.116. All isolates were serotyped and were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method.. Results: The microbiological analysis showed that 10.3% of food samples were contaminated with Salmonella. Eleven serotypes were identified: Kentucky 22.9% (11/48), Agona 16.7% (8/48), Reading 12.5% (6/48), Corvallis 8.3% (4/48), Saintpaul 8.3% (4/48), Typhimurium 6.2% (3/48), Montevideo 6.2% (3/48), Enteritidis 4.2% (2/48), and 2% (1/48) for each of Israel, Hadar, and Branderup.. Drug susceptibility testing showed that 39.6% of Salmonella were ...
Table 1 - Presence of Class I Integrons in Multidrug-Resistant, Low-Prevalence Salmonella Serotypes, Italy - Volume 7, Number 3...Table 1 - Presence of Class I Integrons in Multidrug-Resistant, Low-Prevalence Salmonella Serotypes, Italy - Volume 7, Number 3...
In 1997 to 1999, we detected class I integrons in multidrug-resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars Anatum, Blockley, Brandenburg, Bredeney, Derby, Heidelberg, Livingstone, Newport, Ohio, Panama, Paratyphi B, Saintpaul, Sandiego, and Stanley.
Acta Veterinaria BelgradeActa Veterinaria Belgrade
Author(s): Kiskároly Ferenc, Morić Ivana, Đokić Lidija, Vasiljević Branka, Šenerović Lidija, Mišić Dušan. Keywords:Salmonella, poultry, multiplex PCR, identification, taxonomy. The aim of the study was to evaluate and adapt the PCR-based protocol that utilizes the developed serotype-specific primers to identify Salmonella enterica species and its serotypes that are most frequently isolated from poultry samples in Vojvodina. Using the slide agglutination test, 64 and 33 out of 107 Salmonella isolates were identified as S. Infantis and S. Enteritidis, respectively, while ten isolates were identified as eight different Salmonella serovars. Using the same isolates, presence of 993-bp (bcfC gene), 636-bp (steB gene) and 293-bp (sdf locus) amplicons in multiplex PCR unambiguously identified 31 isolates as S. Enteritidis. Two isolates identified as Enteritidis in slide agglutination test were not identified as such in PCR-based approach since they both were missing 293-bp long PCR product. ...
Salmonella prevalence across different pork value chains in Hanoi, Vietnam | International Livestock Research InstituteSalmonella prevalence across different pork value chains in Hanoi, Vietnam | International Livestock Research Institute
Phuc Pham-Duc, Quan Nguyen-Van, Luong Nguyen-Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Cook, M., Hung Nguyen-Viet, Grace, D. and Unger, F. 2019. Salmonella prevalence across different pork value chains in Hanoi, Vietnam. Poster presented at the 13th SafePork Conference, Berlin, Germany, 26-29 August 2019. Hanoi, Vietnam: Hanoi University of Public Health ...
What does salmonella enteritidis mean?What does salmonella enteritidis mean?
Definition of salmonella enteritidis in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of salmonella enteritidis. What does salmonella enteritidis mean? Information and translations of salmonella enteritidis in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Norway eyes imported food, travel in rare Salmonella outbreak | Food Safety NewsNorway eyes imported food, travel in rare Salmonella outbreak | Food Safety News
Joe & The Juice, a Danish-born juice bar and coffee shop once found mostly in European airports, is opening location this year from San Francisco to Chicago.. NIPH is monitoring the outbreak to determine if it will be limited to the existing cases or if it will grow larger. The same DNA "fingerprint" for Salmonella typhimurium bacteria has been confirmed in all seven victims, suggesting a common source.. While the same airport restaurant connects the sickened individuals, their residences are disconnected, scattered throughout the country.. The NIPH investigation began in August when the victims began experiencing diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain. The typhimurium stereotype of Salmonella bacteria causes more severe symptoms than other Salmonella varieties.. Norway sees only about 1,200 to 2,000 Salmonella illnesses annually. About 70 percent of those are from infections contracted outside of the country. Most of the other infections are from imported foods.. Food produced in Norway and ...
Comparison of multidrug resistance gene regions between two geographically unrelated Salmonella serotypes : Journal of...Comparison of multidrug resistance gene regions between two geographically unrelated Salmonella serotypes : Journal of...
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify chromosomally integrated genes conferring multidrug resistance to a Salmonella enterica (S.) serotype Typhimurium isolate, phage type DT193, isolated in Ireland and to compare them with resistance genes conferring plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance to a S. Enteritidis isolate from Italy.. Methods: A complete DNA sequence of the regions containing the resistance genes was obtained from the chromosome of the S. Typhimurium DT193 isolate and from the IncI plasmid of the S. Enteritidis isolate. The plasmid was also characterized by conjugation and incompatibility grouping.. Results: Two 10 kb multidrug resistance non-Salmonella Genomic Island 1 type clusters were independently identified in the S. Enteritidis plasmid and in the chromosome of the S. Typhimurium isolate. Detailed characterization identified an IP-type 2 integron containing a dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette and other common resistance determinants derived from the RSF1010 ...
Development and Validation of a Mathematical Model for Growth of Pathogens in Cut Melons | Journal of Food Protection | Allen...Development and Validation of a Mathematical Model for Growth of Pathogens in Cut Melons | Journal of Food Protection | Allen...
Many outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of fresh-cut melons have been reported. The objective of our research was to develop a mathematical model that predicts the growth rate of Salmonella on fresh-cut cantaloupe over a range of storage temperatures and to validate that model by using Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon, using both new data and data from the published studies. The growth of Salmonella on honeydew and watermelon and E. coli O157:H7 on cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon was monitored at temperatures of 4 to 25°C. The Ratkowsky (or square-root model) was used to describe Salmonella growth on cantaloupe as a function of storage temperature. Our results show that the levels of Salmonella on fresh-cut cantaloupe with an initial load of 3 log CFU/g can reach over 7 log CFU/g at 25°C within 24 h. No growth was observed at 4°C. A linear correlation was observed between the square root of Salmonella growth rate ...
Incidence of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Food-Producing Animals, Animal Feed, and the Associated Environment in South Africa,...Incidence of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Food-Producing Animals, Animal Feed, and the Associated Environment in South Africa,...
BACKGROUND: Nontyphoidal salmonellosis continues to pose a global threat to human health, primarily by causing food-borne illnesses, and food-producing animals are the principal reservoirs of many pathogenic serovars. To identify key control points and generate information that may enable future estimation of the transmission routes between the environment, animals, and humans, we examined data on Salmonella isolates in South Africa. METHODS: Samples were obtained from livestock and poultry on farms, meat at abattoirs, raw materials at feed mills, animal feed, and environmental sources (eg, poultry houses, abattoirs, feed mills, water) from 2012 to 2014 in compliance with each establishments protocols conforming to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (ISO/TS 17728, ISO 18593:2004 and ISO 17604:2003) standards. Isolation and serotyping of Salmonella were performed according to the scope of accreditation of the respective laboratories conforming to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard ...
New biosensor could speed up foodborne pathogen detectionNew biosensor could speed up foodborne pathogen detection
A newly published study by a team of researchers from the USA, UK and Thailand has developed a potentially rapid new detection method for pathogenic bacteria using a biosensor made from an array of microcantilevers.. The "nanomechanical cantilevers" made from silicon are fixed at one end and have phage-derived peptides attached to them. These peptides can bind specifically to the cells of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or Listeria. When binding occurs, the cantilever deflects rather like a diving board and creates a detectable signal.. The researchers tested a number of peptides specific to Salmonella and found one that was more specific than commercially available antibodies and also could differentiate between eight different Salmonella serovars. They suggest that their findings could form the basis of a new method to detect foodborne pathogens much more rapidly than traditional culture methods.. The findings are published in the journal Analytical Chemistry and an abstract can be ...
BioExpert Central Valley Meat recalls ground beef products due to Salmonella Dublin contamination ⋆ BioExpert %BioExpert Central Valley Meat recalls ground beef products due to Salmonella Dublin contamination ⋆ BioExpert %
Central Valley Meat Co., Inc., a Hanford, Calif. establishment, is recalling approximately 34,222 pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with Salmonella Dublin.
Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Turkey Sickens M... ( By Steven Reinberg HealthDay Rep...)Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Turkey Sickens M... ( By Steven Reinberg HealthDay Rep...)
Health, By Steven Reinberg HealthDay Reporter ...THURSDAY Aug. 11 (HealthDay News) -- Some 107 people in 31 states hav...Thats up from last weeks 76 cases in 26 states. Still only one deat... The current outbreak of human Salmonella infection associated with tu... Salmonella species are frequently present in the intestinal tracts of...,Salmonella,Outbreak,Linked,to,Turkey,Sickens,More,People,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
TomatoTomato
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Incubation periodIncubation period
Fecal-oral routeFecal-oral route
HypothiocyaniteHypothiocyanite
Travelers diarrheaTraveler's diarrhea
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5Protein arginine methyltransferase 5
MYH9MYH9
Polynucleotide phosphorylasePolynucleotide phosphorylase
EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceae
KLF17KLF17
OptineurinOptineurin
List of infectious diseasesList of infectious diseases
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Nathaniel James ClarksonNathaniel James Clarkson
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Dux de LuxDux de Lux
Pediococcus acidilacticiPediococcus acidilactici
Chicken as foodChicken as food
OnchocerciasisOnchocerciasis
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Food safetyFood safety
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Inferring horizontal gene transferInferring horizontal gene transfer
Monark Springs, MissouriMonark Springs, Missouri
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HydrotaeaHydrotaea
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Bone mealBone meal
Kronisk granulomatøs sygdom, den frie encyklopædiKronisk granulomatøs sygdom, den frie encyklopædi
Wrch1Wrch1
Transformation/transcription domain-associated proteinTransformation/transcription domain-associated protein
MYD88MYD88
BAZ1BBAZ1B
Sequestosome 1Sequestosome 1
Ephrin A1Ephrin A1
BPIFA3BPIFA3
GATC (gene)GATC (gene)
SPTBN1SPTBN1
PLEKHM2PLEKHM2
SynaptojaninSynaptojanin
List of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United StatesList of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States
ZNF367ZNF367
NFKB1NFKB1
EFCBP2EFCBP2
24-Dehydrocholesterol reductase24-Dehydrocholesterol reductase
Insulin-degrading enzymeInsulin-degrading enzyme
Foodborne illnessFoodborne illness
C2orf54C2orf54
New Zealand Music Award for Best Electronic ArtistNew Zealand Music Award for Best Electronic Artist
MicrocephalinMicrocephalin
FreddoFreddo
Ninein-like proteinNinein-like protein
Monocarboxylate transporter 8Monocarboxylate transporter 8
SLC35F6SLC35F6
Cell adhesion molecule 1Cell adhesion molecule 1
DCC1DCC1
NPLOC4NPLOC4
GemininGeminin
Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptorCiliary neurotrophic factor receptor
Mabel Josephine MackerrasMabel Josephine Mackerras
FAM104AFAM104A
C9orf156C9orf156
Annexin A6Annexin A6
Mueller-Hinton agarMueller-Hinton agar
Plasmid-mediated resistancePlasmid-mediated resistance
Tryptophan synthaseTryptophan synthase
Enterobacteriales - WikipédiaEnterobacteriales - Wikipédia
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SalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumSalmonella InfectionsSalmonella entericaSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella enteritidisSalmonella typhiSalmonella Food PoisoningSalmonella PhagesSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella VaccinesFood MicrobiologySalmonella arizonaeTyphoid FeverBacterial ProteinsSalmonella paratyphi BSerotypingEggsBacteriophage TypingGenes, BacterialVirulenceGenomic IslandsParatyphoid FeverPoultry DiseasesFecesGene Expression Regulation, BacterialDNA, BacterialFood ContaminationEscherichia coliSalmonella paratyphi CMutationAnti-Bacterial AgentsPlasmidsFlagellinChickensMutagenicity TestsPoultryElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMolecular Sequence DataDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFlagellaTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesO AntigensShigellaCulture MediaOperonBacteriological TechniquesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsEnterobacteriaceaeAntigens, BacterialColony Count, MicrobialMeatVaccines, AttenuatedMutagensSwine DiseasesDrug Resistance, BacterialAntibodies, BacterialTetrathionic AcidDisease OutbreaksFood HandlingMice, Inbred BALB CConjugation, GeneticLipopolysaccharidesAbattoirsPolysaccharides, BacterialBase SequenceMicrobial ViabilityBacterial VaccinesDrug Resistance, MicrobialCecumSpecies SpecificitySwineVirulence FactorsChromosomes, BacterialLipid ATransduction, GeneticPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA Transposable ElementsMacrophagesBacterial Typing TechniquesPoultry ProductsCattle DiseasesFood PreservationIntegronsGastroenteritisNalidixic AcidAmino Acid SequenceBacterial SheddingGenetic Complementation TestChromosome MappingWater MicrobiologyCiprofloxacinSequence Analysis, DNAPropylene GlycolCattleEscherichia coli ProteinsFimbriae, BacterialMutagenesis, InsertionalIntestinesEscherichiaAgarDNA FingerprintingFood InspectionMeat ProductsGenome, BacterialCloacaCloning, MolecularAgglutination TestsPeyer's PatchesFood-Processing IndustrySpleenBacteriophage P22RNA, BacterialLethal Dose 50EnteritisGenetics, MicrobialReptilesGene DeletionBacterial AdhesionLysogenyDiarrheaPhenotypeVaccines, SyntheticFimbriae ProteinsR FactorsAnti-Infective AgentsBacterial Secretion SystemsAdministration, OralEnterocolitisAnimals, DomesticEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnimal HusbandryHistidineBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsStreptomycinSewageHousing, AnimalCampylobacterTemperatureCeftriaxoneChloramphenicolProphagesAnimal FeedBacterial LoadPolymyxin BIntestinal MucosaHost-Pathogen InteractionsRegulonFrozen FoodsDNA GyraseImmunizationFoodborne DiseasesMice, Inbred C57BLRhamnoseEvaluation Studies as Topic3-Phosphoshikimate 1-CarboxyvinyltransferaseGenes, RegulatorGenesCobamidesBacteriaMembrane Proteinsbeta-LactamasesRestriction MappingAntimutagenic AgentsCell LineArabinoseHot TemperatureGenotypePolymyxinsMolecular TypingBacteremiaTime FactorsSigma FactorAnaerobiosisPhylogenyPorinsShigella flexneriSensitivity and SpecificityMeat-Packing IndustryAmpicillinHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHedgehogsCephalosporin Resistance
Salmonella Bacteria stock photo | iStockSalmonella Bacteria stock photo | iStock
Salmonella in Ground Turkey? Take PrecautionSalmonella in Ground Turkey? Take Precaution
How Salmonella Survives In Environment - RedorbitHow Salmonella Survives In Environment - Redorbit
Salmonella newport (strain SL254)Salmonella newport (strain SL254)
Salmonella control/surveillance - SVASalmonella control/surveillance - SVA
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Dr Jones Kids - Salmonella in TicksDr Jones Kids - Salmonella in Ticks
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Salmonella and Turtle Safety | FDASalmonella and Turtle Safety | FDA
What Is Salmonella? | Live ScienceWhat Is Salmonella? | Live Science
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Salmonella and Salmonella Food PoisoningSalmonella and Salmonella Food Poisoning
Salmonella: Symptoms, causes, and treatmentSalmonella: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
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salmonella and how to cure salmonella holisticallysalmonella and how to cure salmonella holistically
When salmonella changes your life - CNN.comWhen salmonella changes your life - CNN.com
Salmonella inquiry looks beyond tomatoes - CNN.comSalmonella inquiry looks beyond tomatoes - CNN.com
200 million eggs recalled over salmonella fears200 million eggs recalled over salmonella fears
Intracellular Infection by Salmonella | HHMI BioInteractiveIntracellular Infection by Salmonella | HHMI BioInteractive
1,000 Are Sickened By Salmonella - Redorbit1,000 Are Sickened By Salmonella - Redorbit
Backyard Poultry Responsible for Salmonella OutbreakBackyard Poultry Responsible for Salmonella Outbreak
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
SalmonellaSalmonella typhimuriumSalmonella InfectionsSalmonella entericaSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella enteritidisSalmonella typhiSalmonella Food PoisoningSalmonella PhagesSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella VaccinesFood MicrobiologySalmonella arizonaeTyphoid FeverBacterial ProteinsSalmonella paratyphi BSerotypingEggsBacteriophage TypingGenes, BacterialVirulenceGenomic IslandsParatyphoid FeverPoultry DiseasesFecesGene Expression Regulation, BacterialDNA, BacterialFood ContaminationEscherichia coliSalmonella paratyphi CMutationAnti-Bacterial AgentsPlasmidsFlagellinChickensMutagenicity TestsPoultryElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMolecular Sequence DataDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFlagellaTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesO AntigensShigellaCulture MediaOperonBacteriological TechniquesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsEnterobacteriaceaeAntigens, BacterialColony Count, MicrobialMeatVaccines, AttenuatedMutagensSwine DiseasesDrug Resistance, BacterialAntibodies, BacterialTetrathionic AcidDisease OutbreaksFood HandlingMice, Inbred BALB CConjugation, GeneticLipopolysaccharidesAbattoirsPolysaccharides, BacterialBase SequenceMicrobial ViabilityBacterial VaccinesDrug Resistance, MicrobialCecumSpecies SpecificitySwineVirulence FactorsChromosomes, BacterialLipid ATransduction, GeneticPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA Transposable ElementsMacrophagesBacterial Typing TechniquesPoultry ProductsCattle DiseasesFood PreservationIntegronsGastroenteritisNalidixic AcidAmino Acid SequenceBacterial SheddingGenetic Complementation TestChromosome MappingWater MicrobiologyCiprofloxacinSequence Analysis, DNAPropylene GlycolCattleEscherichia coli ProteinsFimbriae, BacterialMutagenesis, InsertionalIntestinesEscherichiaAgarDNA FingerprintingFood InspectionMeat ProductsGenome, BacterialCloacaCloning, MolecularAgglutination TestsPeyer's PatchesFood-Processing IndustrySpleenBacteriophage P22RNA, BacterialLethal Dose 50EnteritisGenetics, MicrobialReptilesGene DeletionBacterial AdhesionLysogenyDiarrheaPhenotypeVaccines, SyntheticFimbriae ProteinsR FactorsAnti-Infective AgentsBacterial Secretion SystemsAdministration, OralEnterocolitisAnimals, DomesticEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnimal HusbandryHistidineBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsStreptomycinSewageHousing, AnimalCampylobacterTemperatureCeftriaxoneChloramphenicolProphagesAnimal FeedBacterial LoadPolymyxin BIntestinal MucosaHost-Pathogen InteractionsRegulonFrozen FoodsDNA GyraseImmunizationFoodborne DiseasesMice, Inbred C57BLRhamnoseEvaluation Studies as Topic3-Phosphoshikimate 1-CarboxyvinyltransferaseGenes, RegulatorGenesCobamidesBacteriaMembrane Proteinsbeta-LactamasesRestriction MappingAntimutagenic AgentsCell LineArabinoseHot TemperatureGenotypePolymyxinsMolecular TypingBacteremiaTime FactorsSigma FactorAnaerobiosisPhylogenyPorinsShigella flexneriSensitivity and SpecificityMeat-Packing IndustryAmpicillinHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHedgehogsCephalosporin Resistance
TyphimuriumEnteritidisSerotypesInfectionsBacteriaStrainsPoultryContaminationSalmonellosisOutbreaksPathogensSpeciesIntestinalPrevalenceIllnessesEntericBacteriumFeverAsymptomaticDetectEnrichmentPigsFoodBrothSwineEggsIsolationFecal
Typhimurium2
Enteritidis1
Serotypes2
Infections2
Bacteria14
Strains9
  • Since many strains of Salmonella are resistant to one or more antibiotics, a patient may be treated initially with one antibiotic, then switched to a second antibiotic if it doesn't work. (exampleessays.com)
  • A petition to USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service asking for the listing of 31 Salmonella strains as meat and poultry adulterants raises a question. (lexblog.com)
  • That someone was the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which spent much of the past decade trying to persuade FSIS to declare four Salmonella strains as adulterants because they are antibiotic-resistant (ABR) strains. (lexblog.com)
  • After thoroughly reviewing the available data, FSIS has concluded that the data do not support giving the four strains of ABR Salmonella identified in the petition a different status as an adulterant in raw ground meat and raw ground poultry than Salmonella strains that are susceptible to antibiotics," FSIS said in response to the CSPI petition. (lexblog.com)
  • The CSPI tried to make the argument that the ABR Salmonella strains had "distinguishing characteristics" that support its classification as an adulterant in raw ground meat and poultry. (lexblog.com)
  • CSPI leaders thought the human involvement in antibiotic-resistant would help lift ABR Salmonella strains over the others, but FSIS found the petition lacked a definition of "antibiotic resistance. (lexblog.com)
  • Thus, the issue is whether ABR Salmonella strains are more virulent than susceptible strains. (lexblog.com)
  • FSIS also found ABR Salmonella strains are no more heat resistant than other Salmonella strains. (lexblog.com)
  • Finally, FSIS said international Codex Guidelines do not require listing Salmonella as an adulterant, and there is no reason to believe that raw meat and raw poultry containing specific strains of ABR Salmonella is unfit for human consumption. (lexblog.com)
Poultry4
Contamination1
  • We report here on the results from multiple field and microcosm experiments examining the potential for Salmonella contamination of produce crops via splash water, and the effect of soil moisture content on Salmonella survival in soil and concentration in splash water. (barfblog.com)
Salmonellosis1
Outbreaks1
  • Salmonella is worldwide and can contaminate almost any food type, but outbreaks of the disease have highly involved raw eggs, raw meat, egg products, and contaminated water. (exampleessays.com)
Pathogens1
  • The potential for the risk of splash should be further explored in agricultural regions in which Salmonella and other pathogens are present in soil. (barfblog.com)
Species6
  • A comparative study was performed to evaluate best practice culture media and enrichment broths for recovering Salmonella species from human stool samples. (scirp.org)
  • Presently, the data suggest that the use of MSRV over MAC, HE, and XLD agars for isolation nontyphi Salmonella species from human stools is more efficacious. (scirp.org)
  • Additionally, use of MSRV in combination with MAC and HE agars following enrichment in RV broth enhances recovery of nontyphi Salmonella species. (scirp.org)
  • However, RV broth is inhibitory to typhi Salmonella , thus use of MSRV medium in combination with MAC, HE or XLD agars in direct plating following enrichment in non-selective BPW is an alternate method for recovery of both typhi and nontyphi Salmonella species contaminated in human stool samples. (scirp.org)
  • Srijan, A. , Wongstitwilairoong, B. , Bodhidatta, L. and Mason, C. (2015) Efficiency of Plating Media and Enrichment Broths for Isolating Salmonella Species from Human Stool Samples: A Comparison Study. (scirp.org)
  • Further, most Salmonella species are pathogenic in that they can cause disease, " the 9-page FSIS ruling continued. (lexblog.com)
Intestinal2
Prevalence4
Illnesses2
Enteric1
  • 2002) An Evaluation of the Performance of XLD, DCA, MLCB, and ABC Agars as Direct Plating Media for Isolation of Salmonella Enteric from Faeces. (scirp.org)
Bacterium1
Fever1
Asymptomatic2
Detect1
  • To detect Salmonella , investigators may expect a 62.5% sensitivity for culture of EBP of five, relative to individual fecal sample enrichment and culture. (peerj.com)
Enrichment1
  • A total 299/1297 stools samples were Salmonella -positive on at least one plating medium after enrichment procedure were 77.3% (177/299) for SB, 86.0% (197/299) and 78.6% (180/299) for RV and BPW respectively. (scirp.org)
Pigs2
  • Salmonella has also the potential to cause clinical disease in pigs. (mitacs.ca)
  • The objective of this proposal is to evaluate and compare the immune responses produced by these two Salmonella vaccines in pigs. (mitacs.ca)
Food3
Broth3
  • The tomatoes were rinsed 10 s with 195 ml of D/E neutralizer broth (rinse solution), then combined with 20 ml of D/E neutralizer (residual wash solution) and rubbed by hand to remove residual Salmonella . (allenpress.com)
  • Treatment with PW resulted in reductions in the number of Salmonella 2 to 4 logs greater than those achieved with the sterile water or D/E neutralizer broth controls. (allenpress.com)
  • A secondary objective was to estimate and compare the relative sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for pools of 5 and 10 enriched broth cultures of fecal samples for Salmonella sp. (peerj.com)
Swine2
  • Salmonella is commonly found on Ontario swine farms. (mitacs.ca)
  • This research can provide a better understanding of pig immune responses against Salmonella attenuated vaccines and will help to develop new vaccines for controlling Salmonella on Ontario swine farms. (mitacs.ca)
Eggs3
Isolation2
Fecal2
  • Fecal samples were frozen until testing for Salmonella . (peerj.com)
  • A total of 249 cull cows were enrolled into the study and their fecal samples tested for Salmonella . (peerj.com)
The Salmonella In Silico Typing Resource (SISTR): An Open Web-Accessible Tool for Rapidly Typing and Subtyping Draft Salmonella...
The Salmonella In Silico Typing Resource (SISTR): An Open Web-Accessible Tool for Rapidly Typing and Subtyping Draft Salmonella... (journals.plos.org)
Salmonella Poisoning Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Treatment & Prevention
Salmonella Poisoning Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Treatment & Prevention (rxlist.com)
Salmonella Bacteria stock photo | iStock
Salmonella Bacteria stock photo | iStock (istockphoto.com)
How Salmonella Survives In Environment - Redorbit
How Salmonella Survives In Environment - Redorbit (redorbit.com)
Max salmonella bacteria
Max salmonella bacteria (turbosquid.com)
CDC sounds alarm over deadly drug-resistant salmonella - CNN
CDC sounds alarm over deadly drug-resistant salmonella - CNN (edition.cnn.com)
Outbreak of salmonella linked to chicken salad expands - CNN
Outbreak of salmonella linked to chicken salad expands - CNN (edition.cnn.com)
Court backs jail for Iowa egg executives in salmonella case
Court backs jail for Iowa egg executives in salmonella case (desmoinesregister.com)
Red onion recall 2020: 2 people sickened by salmonella in Indiana
Red onion recall 2020: 2 people sickened by salmonella in Indiana (indystar.com)
Federal Register :: Pathogen Reduction Performance Standards: Salmonella Testing Data
Federal Register :: Pathogen Reduction Performance Standards: Salmonella Testing Data (federalregister.gov)
Salmonella Genetic Stock Centre
Salmonella Genetic Stock Centre (people.ucalgary.ca/~kesander/)
Commensal Akkermansia muciniphila Exacerbates Gut Inflammation in Salmonella Typhimurium-Infected Gnotobiotic Mice
Commensal Akkermansia muciniphila Exacerbates Gut Inflammation in Salmonella Typhimurium-Infected Gnotobiotic Mice (journals.plos.org)
Multi-state salmonella outbreak linked to Kellogg's Honey Smacks cereal, CDC says
Multi-state salmonella outbreak linked to Kellogg's Honey Smacks cereal, CDC says (tcpalm.com)
Dole Baby Spinach Recalled Over Salmonella Concerns - NBC New York
Dole Baby Spinach Recalled Over Salmonella Concerns - NBC New York (nbcnewyork.com)
Case Count Maps | Multistate Outbreak of Human Campylobacter Infections Linked to Pet Store Puppies | September 2017 |...
Case Count Maps | Multistate Outbreak of Human Campylobacter Infections Linked to Pet Store Puppies | September 2017 |... (cdc.gov)
Recall Brabantse metworst vanwege salmonella - VMT
Recall Brabantse metworst vanwege salmonella - VMT (vmt.nl)
PLOS Pathogens: Std fimbriae-fucose interaction increases Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation and prolongs colonization
PLOS Pathogens: Std fimbriae-fucose interaction increases Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation and prolongs colonization (journals.plos.org)
Report Of The Fao Expert Workshop On The Application Of Biosecurity Measures To Control Salmonella…, Book by Food And...
Report Of The Fao Expert Workshop On The Application Of Biosecurity Measures To Control Salmonella…, Book by Food And... (chapters.indigo.ca)
Tumor Invasion of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Is Accompanied by Strong Hemorrhage Promoted by TNF-α
Tumor Invasion of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Is Accompanied by Strong Hemorrhage Promoted by TNF-α (journals.plos.org)
Identification of Immunogenic Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Antigens Expressed in Chronic Biliary Carriers of S. Typhi in...
Identification of Immunogenic Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Antigens Expressed in Chronic Biliary Carriers of S. Typhi in... (journals.plos.org)
Learn More Food Analyzer - reduce health risk associated with food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella and to prolong shelf life...
Learn More Food Analyzer - reduce health risk associated with food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella and to prolong shelf life... (bruker.com)
JCDR - Hepatitis, Peritoneal fluid, Salmonella
JCDR - Hepatitis, Peritoneal fluid, Salmonella (jcdr.net)
Myocarditis related to Salmonella paratyphi C infection | Włodarczyk | Folia Cardiologica
Myocarditis related to Salmonella paratyphi C infection | Włodarczyk | Folia Cardiologica (journals.viamedica.pl)
CDC Washington Testimony February 5, 2009
CDC Washington Testimony February 5, 2009 (cdc.gov)
WHO | Salmonella
WHO | Salmonella (who.int)
Salmonella - Wikipedia
Salmonella - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Making Food Safer to Eat | VitalSigns | CDC
Making Food Safer to Eat | VitalSigns | CDC (cdc.gov)
Turkey recall raises U.S. food safety questions - Reuters
Turkey recall raises U.S. food safety questions - Reuters (reuters.com)
Gram-Negative Bacteria | SpringerLink
Gram-Negative Bacteria | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Zogenix Gets Refusal to File Letter From FDA for Seizure Drug
Zogenix Gets Refusal to File Letter From FDA for Seizure Drug (finance.yahoo.com)
Salmonella | bacteria | Britannica.com
Salmonella | bacteria | Britannica.com (britannica.com)