Salicylic acid. Medical search

A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.

The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

Diseases of plants.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.

A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.

Derivatives of ethylene, a simple organic gas of biological origin with many industrial and biological use.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.

Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid).

A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.

Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Salts and esters of gentisic acid.

The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one species which produces a highly phytotoxic antibiotic. Its teleomorph is Lewia.

Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of PHENYLALANINE to form trans-cinnamate and ammonia.

Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica.

Agents that soften, separate, and cause desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. They are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)

A form of therapy consisting in the local or general use of cold. The selective destruction of tissue by extreme cold or freezing is CRYOSURGERY. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A genus of OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae. Most species are obligatory parasites and many are plant pathogens.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A group of 6-alkyl SALICYLIC ACIDS that are found in ANACARDIUM and known for causing CONTACT DERMATITIS.

A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.

Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.

A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.

Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID which contain an hydroxy group attached to the methyl carbon.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. The hot peppers yield CAPSAICIN, which activates VANILLOID RECEPTORS. Several varieties have sweet or pungent edible fruits that are used as vegetables when fresh and spices when the pods are dried.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A sub-class of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that act only near the ends of polypeptide chains.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Salts and esters of hippuric acid.

Application of a cauterant to the skin for the purpose of causing a superficial destruction of the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis. After healing, the treated area has new epithelium.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.

A genus of destructive parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae, order Peronosporales, affecting numerous fruit, vegetable, and other crops. Differentiation of zoospores usually takes place in the sporangium and no vesicle is formed. It was previously considered a fungus.

Naphthalene derivatives containing the -CH2CCO2H radical at the 1-position, the 2-position, or both. Compounds are used as plant growth regulators to delay sprouting, exert weed control, thin fruit, etc.

An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.

A genus of FUNGI, in the family Magnaporthaceae of uncertain position (incertae sedis). It is best known for its species, M. grisea, which is one of the most popular experimental organisms of all fungal plant pathogens. Its anamorph is PYRICULARIA GRISEA.

A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.

Peroxidases that utilize ASCORBIC ACID as an electron donor to reduce HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to WATER. The reaction results in the production of monodehydroascorbic acid and DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.

A mitosporic fungal genus commonly isolated from soil. Some species are the cause of wilt diseases in many different plants.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE known for the edible beans.

Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.

Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.

Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.

A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A genus of mitosporic Phyllachoraceae fungi which contains at least 40 species of plant parasites. They have teleomorphs in the genus Glomerella (see PHYLLACHORALES).

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Tablets coated with material that delays release of the medication until after they leave the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

The act of feeding on plants by animals.

Distribution kinetics of salicylic acid in the dual-perfused rat liver preparation. (1/1096)

The hepatic distribution kinetics of salicylic acid was determined using a single-pass dual hepatic artery (HA) and portal vein (PV) perfused in situ rat liver preparation. Bolus doses of [14C]salicylic acid and of reference markers ([3H]-water and [14C]-sucrose) were injected in a random order into either the HA or PV and then, after an appropriate interval, into the alternate vessel. The hepatic outflow profile of [14C]salicylic acid displayed a characteristic sharp peak followed by a slower eluting tail, whereas sucrose and water displayed unimodal outflow profiles. The biphasic outflow profile indicates that the hepatic distribution of salicylic acid is not instantaneous but is limited by a permeability barrier. The in situ permeability surface area product for [14C]salicylic acid was 3.35 +/- 0.26 ml/min/g for PV and 7.45 +/- 1. 50 ml/min/g for HA administration. Furthermore, theory dictates that hepatic uptake is influenced by both perfusion and permeability if effective permeability surface area product/blood flow ratio lies between the values of 0.06 and 7.0. Our estimates (3.0 for venous output and 6.7 for arterial input) indicate that hepatic uptake of salicylic acid is dependent on both perfusion and permeability. The volume terms were calculated using two different methods, standard and specific. Regardless of the compound and method, the volume of distribution after arterial administration was larger than that after venous administration. In addition, a volume of distribution approximately twice that of the total aqueous space (i.e., HA, 2.23 +/- 0.13 versus 1.10 +/- 0.07 ml/g; PV, 1.72 +/- 0.16 versus 0.68 +/- 0.04 ml/g) implies that salicylic acid has a significant affinity for hepatic tissue. A similar tissue-to-perfusate partition coefficient associated with HA and PV input (5.40 +/- 0.38 versus 6. 48 +/- 0.56) indicates that affinity of salicylic acid for hepatic tissue is independent of the route of input. (+info)

Salicylate inhibits LDL oxidation initiated by superoxide/nitric oxide radicals. (2/1096)

Simultaneously produced superoxide/nitric oxide radicals (O2*-/NO*) could form peroxynitrite (OONO-) which has been found to cause atherogenic, i.e. oxidative modification of LDL. Aromatic hydroxylation and nitration of the aspirin metabolite salicylate by OONO- has been reported. Therefore we tested if salicylate may be able to protect LDL from oxidation by O2*-/NO* by scavenging the OONO reactive decomposition products. When LDL was exposed to simultaneously produced O2*-/NO* using the sydnonimine SIN-1, salicylate exerted an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation as measured by TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide formation and alteration in electrophoretic mobility of LDL. The cytotoxic effect of SIN-1 pre-oxidised LDL to endothelial cells was also diminished when salicylate was present during SIN-1 treatment of LDL. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that salicylate was converted to dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) derivatives in the presence of SIN-1. 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA were even more effective to protect LDL from oxidation by O2*-/NO*. Because O2*-/NO* can occur in vivo, the results may indicate that salicylate could act as an efficacious inhibitor of O2*-/NO* initiated atherogenic LDL modification, thus further supporting the rationale of aspirin medication regarding cardiovascular diseases. (+info)

Is arcA3 a possible mediator in the signal transduction pathway during agonist cell cycle arrest by salicylic acid and UV irradiation? (3/1096)

Progression of BY-2 tobacco cells through the cell cycle was followed after treatments with ultra violet (UV) and salicylic acid (SA) used as a potent inhibitor of the octadecanoid pathway which can mediate response to UV irradiation. Cells in S phase were more sensitive than G0/G1 or G2 cells to UV irradiation. Although SA efficiently blocked cells in G0/G1 or G2, it did not block S phase synchronized cells. UV and SA applied simultaneously to cells in G0/G1 delayed the cell cycle progression more than each one separately. Therefore UV irradiation and SA act as agonists to arrest BY-2 cells at cell cycle entry. To further investigate the signalling pathway mediating UV response, we complemented a UV-sensitive Escherichia coli strain with a Nicotiana xanthi cDNA expression library. A cDNA (arcA3) whose coding sequence is identical to the 2,4-D induced arcA cDNA cloned by Ishida et al. (1993) was isolated. We show that arcA3 transcription is induced at cell cycle entry but not directly by the 2,4-D treatment. Moreover, arcA3 transcription is induced prior to the restriction point as shown with the CDK inhibitor roscovitine. The arcA3 transcription level is increased by UV irradiation but prevented by SA. Indeed, addition of SA prior to UV irradiation blocks the induction of arcA3 transcription. This suggests that arcA3 gene is modulated in both UV and SA responses, the SA effect preceding the UV step. Since arcA3 is 67% similar to RACK1 (functional homology), a rat intracellular receptor for protein kinase C, and possesses identical PKC fixation motifs, it is hypothesised that the arcA3 gene is involved in UV and SA cell cycle arrest. (+info)

Inverse relationship between systemic resistance of plants to microorganisms and to insect herbivory. (4/1096)

Pre-inoculation of plants with a pathogen that induces necrosis leads to the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to subsequent pathogen attack [1]. The phenylpropanoid-derived compound salicylic acid (SA) is necessary for the full expression of both local resistance and SAR [2] [3]. A separate signaling pathway involving jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in systemic responses to wounding and insect herbivory [4] [5]. There is evidence both supporting and opposing the idea of cross-protection against microbial pathogens and insect herbivores [6] [7]. This is a controversial area because pharmacological experiments point to negative cross-talk between responses to systemic pathogens and responses to wounding [8] [9] [10], although this has not been demonstrated functionally in vivo. Here, we report that reducing phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by silencing the expression of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) reduces SAR to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), whereas overexpression of PAL enhances SAR. Tobacco plants with reduced SAR exhibited more effective grazing-induced systemic resistance to larvae of Heliothis virescens, but larval resistance was reduced in plants with elevated phenylpropanoid levels. Furthermore, genetic modification of components involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis revealed an inverse relationship between SA and JA levels. These results demonstrate phenylpropanoid-mediated cross-talk in vivo between microbially induced and herbivore-induced pathways of systemic resistance. (+info)

Nanogram amounts of salicylic acid produced by the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 activate the systemic acquired resistance pathway in bean. (5/1096)

Root colonization by specific nonpathogenic bacteria can induce a systemic resistance in plants to pathogen infections. In bean, this kind of systemic resistance can be induced by the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 and depends on the production of salicylic acid by this strain. In a model with plants grown in perlite we demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2-induced resistance is equivalent to the inclusion of 1 nM salicylic acid in the nutrient solution and used the latter treatment to analyze the molecular basis of this phenomenon. Hydroponic feeding of 1 nM salicylic acid solutions induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in roots and increased free salicylic acid levels in leaves. Because pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance involves similar changes it was concluded that 7NSK2-induced resistance is mediated by the systemic acquired resistance pathway. This conclusion was validated by analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in roots and of salicylic acid levels in leaves of soil-grown plants treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The induction of systemic acquired resistance by nanogram amounts of salicylic acid is discussed with respect to long-distance signaling in systemic acquired resistance. (+info)

Interaction of NPR1 with basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors that bind sequences required for salicylic acid induction of the PR-1 gene. (6/1096)

The Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 has been shown to be a key regulator of gene expression during the onset of a plant disease-resistance response known as systemic acquired resistance. The npr1 mutant plants fail to respond to systemic acquired resistance-inducing signals such as salicylic acid (SA), or express SA-induced pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Using NPR1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a subclass of transcription factors in the basic leucine zipper protein family (AHBP-1b and TGA6) and showed that they interact specifically in yeast and in vitro with NPR1. Point mutations that abolish the NPR1 function in A. thaliana also impair the interactions between NPR1 and the transcription factors in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, a gel mobility shift assay showed that the purified transcription factor protein, AHBP-1b, binds specifically to an SA-responsive promoter element of the A. thaliana PR-1 gene. These data suggest that NPR1 may regulate PR-1 gene expression by interacting with a subclass of basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors. (+info)

Environmental factors modulating antibiotic and siderophore biosynthesis by Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strains. (7/1096)

Understanding the environmental factors that regulate the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds by disease-suppressive strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens is an essential step toward improving the level and reliability of their biocontrol activity. We used liquid culture assays to identify several minerals and carbon sources which had a differential influence on the production of the antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (PHL), pyoluteorin (PLT), and pyrrolnitrin and the siderophores salicylic acid and pyochelin by the model strain CHA0, which was isolated from a natural disease-suppressive soil in Switzerland. Production of PHL was stimulated by Zn2+, NH4Mo2+, and glucose; the precursor compound mono-acetylphloroglucinol was stimulated by the same factors as PHL. Production of PLT was stimulated by Zn2+, Co2+, and glycerol but was repressed by glucose. Pyrrolnitrin production was increased by fructose, mannitol, and a mixture of Zn2+ and NH4Mo2+. Pyochelin production was increased by Co2+, fructose, mannitol, and glucose. Interestingly, production of its precursor salicylic acid was increased by different factors, i.e., NH4Mo2+, glycerol, and glucose. The mixture of Zn2+ and NH4Mo2+ with fructose, mannitol, or glycerol further enhanced the production of PHL and PLT compared with either the minerals or the carbon sources used alone, but it did not improve siderophore production. Extending fermentation time from 2 to 5 days increased the accumulation of PLT, pyrrolnitrin, and pyochelin but not of PHL. When findings with CHA0 were extended to an ecologically and genetically diverse collection of 41 P. fluorescens biocontrol strains, the effect of certain factors was strain dependent, while others had a general effect. Stimulation of PHL by Zn2+ and glucose was strain dependent, whereas PLT production by all strains that can produce this compound was stimulated by Zn2+ and transiently repressed by glucose. Inorganic phosphate reduced PHL production by CHA0 and seven other strains tested but to various degrees. Production of PLT but not pyrrolnitrin by CHA0 was also reduced by 100 mM phosphate. The use of 1/10-strength nutrient broth-yeast extract, compared with standard nutrient broth-yeast extract, amended with glucose and/or glycerol resulted in dramatically increased accumulations of PHL (but not PLT), pyochelin, and salicylic acid, indicating that the ratio of carbon source to nutrient concentration played a key role in the metabolic flow. The results of this study (i) provide insight into the biosynthetic regulation of antimicrobial compounds, (ii) limit the number of factors for intensive study in situ, and (iii) indicate factors that can be manipulated to improve bacterial inoculants. (+info)

A functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (8/1096)

The bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 is able to use dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and several hydroxylated derivatives as sole sources of carbon and energy. We have determined and analyzed the nucleic acid sequence of a 9,997-bp HindIII fragment downstream of cistrons dxnA1A2, which encode the dioxygenase component of the initial dioxygenase system of the corresponding catabolic pathways. This fragment contains 10 colinear open reading frames (ORFs), apparently organized in one compact operon. The enzymatic activities of some proteins encoded by these genes were analyzed in the strain RW1 and, after hyperexpression, in Escherichia coli. The first three ORFs of the locus, designated dxnC, ORF2, and fdx3, specify a protein with a low homology to bacterial siderophore receptors, a polypeptide representing no significant homology to known proteins, and a putative ferredoxin, respectively. dxnD encodes a 69-kDa phenol monooxygenase-like protein with activity for the turnover of 4-hydroxysalicylate, and dxnE codes for a 37-kDa protein whose sequence and activity are similar to those of known maleylacetate reductases. The following gene, dxnF, encodes a 33-kDa intradiol dioxygenase which efficiently cleaves hydroxyquinol, yielding maleylacetate, the ketoform of 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate. The heteromeric protein encoded by dxnGH is a 3-oxoadipate succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) transferase, whereas dxnI specifies a protein exhibiting marked homology to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases (thiolases). The last ORF of the sequenced fragment codes for a putative transposase. DxnD, DxnF, DxnE, DxnGH, and DxnI (the activities of most of them have also been detected in strain RW1) thus form a complete 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway. A route for the mineralization of the growth substrates 3-hydroxydibenzofuran and 2-hydroxydibenzo-p-dioxin in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 thus suggests itself. (+info)

1. Innate immunity: This is the body's first line of defense against infection, and it involves the recognition and elimination of pathogens by cells and proteins that are present from birth.
2. Acquired immunity: This type of immunity develops over time as a result of exposure to pathogens, and it involves the production of antibodies and other immune cells that can recognize and eliminate specific pathogens.
3. Cell-mediated immunity: This is a type of immunity that involves the activation of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, to fight off infection.
4. Genetic resistance: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to disease resistance, which can be influenced by their ancestry or genetic makeup.
5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as sunlight, clean water, and good nutrition, can also contribute to disease resistance.

Disease resistance is an important concept in the medical field, as it helps to protect against infectious diseases and can reduce the risk of illness and death. Understanding how disease resistance works can help healthcare professionals develop effective strategies for preventing and treating infections, and it can also inform public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of infectious diseases on individuals and communities.

There are several types of warts, including:

* Common warts: These are the most common type of wart and appear as rough, bumped growths on the skin.
* Flat warts: These are smaller and smoother than common warts and can appear on the face, neck, or arms.
* Plantar warts: These are found on the soles of the feet and can be painful.
* Genital warts: These are a type of HPV infection that appears in the genital area and can be spread through sexual contact.

Warts are usually diagnosed by a healthcare provider based on their appearance. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for warts depends on the type and location of the growth, as well as the patient's overall health. Some common treatment options include:

* Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen to kill the infected cells.
* Cantharidin: A blistering agent made from the secretions of the blister beetle, it is applied to the wart and causes a painless blister to form under the wart, which eventually falls off.
* Salicylic acid: A common ingredient in over-the-counter wart removers, it works by dissolving the keratin protein that makes up the wart.
* Surgical removal: In some cases, surgical removal of the wart may be necessary if other treatments have been unsuccessful.
* Immunotherapy: This is a newer treatment for warts that uses a patient's own immune system to fight off the HPV infection. It involves applying a solution to the wart that stimulates the immune system and causes the wart to fall off.

It is important to note that while warts are usually harmless, they can be a sign of a weakened immune system, so it is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns. Additionally, it's important to avoid using over-the-counter treatments for long periods of time or on multiple areas of the body, as they can cause skin irritation and scarring.

... is used as a food preservative, a bactericide, and an antiseptic. Salicylic acid is used in the production of ... Salicylic acid as its conjugate base is a chelating agent, with an affinity for iron(III). Salicylic acid slowly degrades to ... Salicylic acid MS Spectrum Safety MSDS data International Chemical Safety Cards , CDC/NIOSH "On the syntheses of salicylic acid ... Salicylic acid occurs in plants as free salicylic acid and its carboxylated esters and phenolic glycosides. Several studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid

... salicylic acid is used in some shampoos to treat dandruff.[medical citation needed] In modern medicine, salicylic acid and its ... sun protection is recommended when using salicylic acid on sun-exposed skin. No studies examine topical salicylic acid in ... It is also available mixed with coal tar, zinc oxide, or benzoic acid. Salicylic acid as a medication is used to help remove ... Salicylic acid is used as a medicine to help remove the outer layer of the skin. As such it is used to treat warts, skin tags, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_uses_of_salicylic_acid

It is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. It is a colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet, fruity odor reminiscent of root beer ... However, in the body it metabolizes into salicylates, including salicylic acid, a known NSAID. Methyl salicylate is used in low ... Methyl salicylate is believed to function by being metabolized to the plant hormone salicylic acid. Since methyl salicylate is ... Methyl salicylate can be produced by esterifying salicylic acid with methanol. Commercial methyl salicylate is now synthesized ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_salicylate

Nencki, in order to ask him if there wasn't a possibility of finding another compound of salicylic acid. Prof. Nencki, having ... Procedure for the preparation of the salicylic acid ester of phenol and naphthol, called "Salol"]. Fortschritte der ... It also arises from heating salicylic acid: 2 HOC6H4CO2H → C6H5O2C6H4OH + CO2 + H2O The conversion entails dehydration and ... for one of salicylic acid's hydrogen atoms], instead of a base [i.e., metal alkali]. This substance, which Nencki named "Salol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_salicylate

... is a salicylic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It was developed by Merck Sharp & ... Boullard O, Leblanc H, Besson B (2012). "Salicylic Acid". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ... The inhibition of prostaglandins has the effect of decreasing the protection given to the stomach from its own acid. Like all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diflunisal

... is the glycine conjugate of salicylic acid and is the primary form in which salicylates are excreted from the ... Schrör K (2016). "Biotransformations of Salicylic Acid". Acetylsalicylic acid (Second ed.). Weinheim. p. 70. ISBN 978-3-527- ... The pathway is very similar to the pathway of benzoic acid excretion as hippuric acid. ... Amino acid derivatives, Human metabolites, All stub articles, Pharmacology stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicyluric_acid

Kaeding, Warren W. (1 September 1964). "Oxidation of Aromatic Acids. IV. Decarboxylation of Salicylic Acids". The Journal of ... On page 69 of volume 31, Runge names phenol "Karbolsäure" (coal-oil-acid, carbolic acid). Runge characterizes phenol in: F. F. ... Runge called phenol "Karbolsäure" (coal-oil-acid, carbolic acid). Coal tar remained the primary source until the development of ... Salicylic acid decarboxylates to phenol. The major uses of phenol, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

Synthesis of a substance first discovered in a medicinal plant began with salicylic acid in 1853. Around the end of the 19th ... Hayat, S. & Ahmad, A. (2007). Salicylic Acid - A Plant Hormone. Springer Science and Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-5183-8. ... in the example of salicylic acid, as a hormone in plant defenses. These phytochemicals have potential for use as drugs, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants

Staswick, Paul E.; Raskin, Ilya; Arteca, Richard N. (1995). "Jasmonates, Salicylic acid and Brassinosteroids". Plant Hormones. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-Epibrassinolide

"Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Bioproductivity of Plants". Salicylic Acid: A Plant Hormone. pp. 15-23. doi:10.1007/1-4020- ... At a molecular level when a cutting is first excised at the stem there is an immediate increase in jasmonic acid, known to be ... It was known as early as 1935 that when indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA), also known as auxin, is applied to the stem of root ... Among the commonly used chemicals is indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) used as a powder, liquid solution, or gel. This compound is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_(plant)

In: Salicylic acid (pp. 1-14). Springer, Dordrecht Ansari MS, Misra N. 2007. Miraculous role of salicylic acid in plant and ... scientists at the firm Bayer used salicylic acid derived from meadowsweet to synthesise acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), which ... Salicylic acid: an update on biosynthesis and action in plant response to water deficit and performance under drought. ... In 1838, Raffaele Piria obtained salicylic acid from the buds of meadowsweet. Thereafter in 1899, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipendula_ulmaria

... salicylic acid, a metabolite of aspirin; and several endogenous metabolites. The diversity is demonstrated by the wide range of ... van der Westhuizen FH, Pretorius PJ, Erasmus E (2000). "The utilization of alanine, glutamic acid, and serine as amino acid ... van der Westhuizen FH, Pretorius PJ, Erasmus E (2000). "The utilization of alanine, glutamic acid, and serine as amino acid ... These include benzoic acid, a compound found in fruits and vegetables and used in medicine and foodstuffs as a preservative; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLYAT

R. U. Schock Jr.; D. L. Tabern (1951). "The Persulfate Oxidation of Salicylic Acid. 2,3,5-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid". The Journal ... Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1%) product of the metabolic break ... Salicylic acids, Dihydroxybenzoic acids, Phenolic human metabolites, Human drug metabolites). ... Alternatively the compound can be synthesized from salicylic acid via Elbs persulfate oxidation. In the presence of the enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentisic_acid

"Silverleaf whitefly induces salicylic acid defenses and suppresses effectual jasmonic acid defenses". Plant Physiology. 143 (2 ... Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone with a structure related to phenol. It was originally isolated from an extract of white willow ... Salicylic acid (SA) serves as a key hormone in plant innate immunity, including resistance in both local and systemic tissue ... Ding P, Ding Y (June 2020). "Stories of Salicylic Acid: A Plant Defense Hormone". Trends in Plant Science. 25 (6): 549-565. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_hormone

Salicylic acid peels are also effective. Prescription antibiotic gels (Benzamycin, Cleocin-T) or oral antibiotics are also used ... The mechanism of action of glycolic acid is unknown, but it is hypothesized that straighter hair growth is caused by the ... This sequence change leads to an amino acid substitution in the highly conserved helix initiation motif of the K6hf rod domain ... Clinical trials have shown glycolic acid-based peels to be an effective and well-tolerated therapy which resulted in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudofolliculitis_barbae

However, salicylic acid can inhibit pyocyanin production. One in ten hospital-acquired infections is from Pseudomonas. Cystic ... Martínez C, Pons E, Prats G, León J (January 2004). "Salicylic acid regulates flowering time and links defence responses and ... September 2005). "Down regulation of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by salicylic acid attenuates its virulence on ... The biofilm matrix of P. aeruginosa is composed of nucleic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and various ions. It mechanically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa

It degrades with release of salicylic acid. Bihari, S.; Smith, P. A.; Parsons, S.; Sadler, P. J. (2002). "Stereoisomers of Mn( ... EDDHA or ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a chelating agent. Like EDTA, it binds metal ions as a ... It is produced by the multicomponent reaction of phenol, glyoxalic acid, and ethylenediamine. In this process, the initial ... In contrast to EDDHA, most related aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agents feature tertiary amines and few have phenolate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDDHA

The original formula for Whitfield's ointment consists of benzoic acid - 25 grains (1.6 gram) (5%); salicylic acid - 15 grains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Whitfield

Salicylic acid has a mild effect on seborrhoea. "Definition of anti-seborrheic". The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 9 ... Selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, corticosteroids, imidazole antifungals, and salicylic acid are common anti-seborrheics. An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-seborrheic

English title: 'On the syntheses of salicylic acid'; German title "Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure". (CS1 German-language ... and prepared salicylic acid, a building block of aspirin in a process called Kolbe synthesis or Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. His ... In particular, Kolbe developed procedures for the electrolysis of the salts of fatty and other carboxylic acids (Kolbe ... Kolbe wrote the word "synthesis" describing his project to transform carbon disulfide into acetic acid. See: Kolbe, H. (1845 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Kolbe

... is a compound with formula Cu(C7H5O3). It is the copper salt of salicylic acid. A copper(II) monosalicylate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_salicylate

Huang et al, W. (2020). Biosynthesis and Regulation of Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxypipecolic Acid in Plant Immunity. Molecular ... Salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are two metabolites that have been shown to accumulate during SAR. Plants ... It was noticed in the early 1990s that levels of salicylic acid (SA) increased dramatically in tobacco and cucumber upon ... The systemic acquired resistance response is dependent on the plant hormone, salicylic acid. While, it has been recognized ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_acquired_resistance

... is the fluoroacetate ester of salicylic acid. It's the fluoroacetate analog of aspirin. Like other fluoroacetate ... Salicylic acids, Salicylyl esters, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroaspirin

... salicylic acid: BA; SA; MS; and As) was performed below pH 4.5. MS is hydrophobic only its retention time was affected by an ... They went on to develop a method to separate phenylthiohydantoin(PTH)-amino acids using their IBc stationary phase with a ... To address the shortcomings of the previous methods, Kobayashi's group grafted acrylic acid (anionic acrylate under neutral ... "Temperature-responsive chromatographic separation of amino acid phenylthiohydantions using aqueous media as the mobile phase". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoresponsive_polymers_in_chromatography

... is the precursor of salicylic acid. It is formed from salicin by enzymatic hydrolysis by Salicyl-alcohol beta-D ... "salicylic alcohol". chemspider.com. Vishwakarma Singh, Mini Porinchu, Punitha Vedantham, Pramod K. Sahu1 (2005). "Synthesis of ... or by acid hydrolysis. Gastrodigenin (4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) Discovery and development of beta2 agonists "2-Hydroxybenzyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicyl_alcohol

The final product is an aromatic hydroxy acid which is also known as salicylic acid (the precursor to aspirin). By using ... The final step is the reaction (protonation) of the salicylate anion with an acid to form the desired salicylic acids (ortho- ... English title: 'On the syntheses of salicylic acid'; German title "Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure". [2] An animation of the ... and para- isomers). Hermann Kolbe (1860). "Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure" [On the synthesis of salicylic acid]. Annalen der ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolbe–Schmitt_reaction

This particular pathway is inhibited by salicylic acid. (LAP-A), a product of the octadecanoid pathway in some solanaceous ... During bouts of high salinity, LAP begins the catalysis of proteins in order to release amino acids into the cell in an attempt ... "Leucine aminopeptidase regulates defense and wound signaling in tomato downstream of jasmonic acid". The Plant Cell. 21 (4): ... cause extensive tissue damage activating the jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated response (Walling 2000). This JA-mediated response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucyl_aminopeptidase

The first to successfully synthesize salicylic acid (1839); the active ingredient in aspirin Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana ( ... Acetylsalicylic acid. Wiley-VCH, 2009. p. 6. Web. 3 March 2011. "Bernardino Ramazzini" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy

"The Bacteriostatic Action of Benzoic and Salicylic Acids". Physiologia Plantarum (VI. Influence of Amino Acids and Related ... Salicylic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) almost identical to aspirin. In fact, aspirin's mechanism of ... Salicylic acid works as a keratolytic, comedolytic, and bacteriostatic agent, causing the cells of the epidermis to shed more ... Madan, RK; Levitt, J (April 2014). "A review of toxicity from topical salicylic acid preparations". J Am Acad Dermatol. 70 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmex

... is the potassium salt of salicylic acid. http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB4157001. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_salicylate

Only that it absorbs the moisture resulting from salicylic acid acting on the corn (dissolving it). Compeed conducts consumer ... Compeed Overnight Cracked Heel Cream, £4.49, from pharmacies, contains urea and lactic acid to slough away any rough skin. Wear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compeed

"K2CO3-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Phenol and Supercritical CO2". Applied Catalysis A. 345: 12-17. doi: ... At neutral pH, the acid exists as 3-methylsalicylate Its functional groups include a carboxylic acid and a phenol group. It is ... 4-Methylsalicylic acid 6-Methylsalicylic acid Takayuki Iijima; Tatsuaki Yamaguchi (2001). " ... Salicylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ... 3-Methylsalicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylsalicylic_acid

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid. It is antibacterial (mostly bacteriostatic, except in high concentrations when it is ... There are five usual fruit acids: citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid. Many other alpha ... Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are naturally occurring carboxylic acids such as glycolic acid, a natural constituent of sugar cane ... Salicylic acid also has the ability to reduce the spots and bumps associated with acne. It is becoming common for beta hydroxy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_peel

To avoid the toxic carbolic acid biocide used as a preservative in the U.S. government "standard ink" formula, 2 g salicylic ... 11.7 g tannic acid 3.8 g gallic acid C 6H 2(OH) 3COOH 15 g iron(II) sulfate 3 cm3 hydrochloric acid (used to prevent sediment ... Modern formulations also tend to use hydrochloric acid whereas many historical inks used sulfuric acid. Hydrochloric acid is a ... 4.0 g tannic acid 1.5 g gallic acid 5.5 g ferrous sulfate crystals FeSO 4·7H 2O 5.0 g concentrated hydrochloric acid 5.0 g dye ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_gall_ink

BIK1 functions to regulate the amount of salicylic acid (SA) present in the cell. When Botrytis cinerea or Alternaria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botrytis–induced_kinase_1

Adults may emit a red, highly-smelling, repellent liquid, obtained from the salicylic acid contained in their food plants. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysomela_populi

Salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives, like methyl salicylate, are VOCs which help plants to recognize infection or attack ... Jasmonates are a class of VOCs produced by the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Jasmonates are used in plant defense against insects ... carbohydrates and amino acids. Thus, transfer of infochemicals via mycorrhizal networks can act to influence plant behavior. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal_network

... is necessary for development and response to salicylic acid". Plant Cell. 24 (10): 4220-35. doi:10.1105/tpc.112.103028. PMC ... In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana the ortholog of MED15 is required for signaling by the plant hormone Salicylic acid, ... "The Arabidopsis Mediator Subunit MED25 Differentially Regulates Jasmonate and Abscisic Acid Signaling through Interacting with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator_(coactivator)

The hormones abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid are accepted by most scientists as promoters of ... senescence while salicylic acid is more important for developmental senescence. Some plants have evolved into annuals which die ... and possibly jasmonic and salicylic acid in addition). This causes even more ABA and strigolactones to be made until the leaf ... Shoot pruning - it is now known that ethylene induces the shedding of leaves much more than abscisic acid. ABA originally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_senescence

... salicylic acid, aspirin, and later rubber processing chemicals. The site was later operated by Flexsys, a subsidiary of Solutia ... The company later expanded into the production of coal tar, and carbolic acid (phenol). The site soon became the world's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefn_Mawr

... was a Danish-born Swedish physician and chemist best known for his discovery in the 1940s that para-amino salicylic acid (PAS) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jörgen_Lehmann

Salsalate homodimer formed from self-condensation of salicylic acid to form ester linkage. Ono M, Masuoka C, Koto M, Tateishi M ... Gyrophoric acid, found in the lichen Cryptothecia rubrocincta, is a depside. Merochlorophaeic acid, isolated from lichens of ... Shibata, Shoji; Chiang, Hsüch-Ching (1965). "The structures of cryptochlorophaeic acid and merochlorophaeic acid". ... Zgórka G, Głowniak K (August 2001). "Variation of free phenolic acids in medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depside

Salicylic acid method) ISO 787-20:1979 Part 20: Comparison of ease of dispersion (Oscillatory shaking method) [Withdrawn: ... Colour fastness to acid-felting: Severe ISO 105-E14:1994 Part E14: Colour fastness to acid-felting: Mild ISO 105-E16:2006 Part ... 1977 Formic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 7: Determination of low contents of other volatile acids - ... 1977 Formic acid for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 3: Determination of content of other acids - Potentiometric method ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards,_1–1999

SAR involves the production of chemical messengers, such as salicylic acid or jasmonic acid. Some of these travel through the ... Salicylic acid itself, although indispensable for expression of SAR, is not the translocated signal responsible for the ... The jasmonic acid response is stimulated in leaves damaged by insects, and involves the production of methyl jasmonate. ... The lysosome contains enzymes and acids that kill and digest the particle or organism. In general, phagocytes patrol the body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

... as well as interfering with the responses mediated by salicylic acid after the infection has begun. It consists of coronafacic ... which is an analog of methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), and coronamic acid (CMA), joined by an amide bond between the acid group of ... Carboxylic acids, Bacterial toxins, Cyclopropanes, Carboxamides, Ketones, Cyclohexenes, All stub articles, Organic compound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronatine

Posalfilin is a drug containing podophyllin and salicylic acid that is used to treat the plantar wart. Podophyllotoxin is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podophyllum_peltatum

It is also available in combination with salicylic acid (branded as Diprosalic) for using in psoriatic skin conditions. In some ... It is used as a treatment for local psoriasis, as betamethasone dipropionate and salicylic acid, or as the combination ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betamethasone

These drugs include topical (i.e. applied directly to the tumors) aspirin or other salicylic acid-like drugs,. In another drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYLD_cutaneous_syndrome

There are typically two types of products: adhesive pads treated with salicylic acid or a bottle of concentrated salicylic acid ... Salicylic acid reaches warts; lactic acid and collodion do not.[2] Therefore, these additional components have only an indirect ... Removing a wart with this method requires a strict regimen of cleaning the area, applying the salicylic acid, and removing the ... The molecular structure of the skin is altered at the centre of the wart.[3] Experiments indicated that salicylic acid bonding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_warts_by_keratolysis

... particularly salicylic acid, which contains a phenolic OH group. This test can be used to detect the presence of gamma- ... Salts of [FeCl4]− in hydrochloric acid can be extracted into diethyl ether. Iron(III) chloride is a mild oxidizing agent, for ... FeCl3 is also produced as an atmospheric salt aerosol by reaction between iron-rich dust and hydrochloric acid from sea salt. ... H2C=CH2 + Cl2 → ClCH2CH2Cl In the laboratory iron(III) chloride is commonly employed as a Lewis acid for catalysing reactions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride

Another popular method is to use a corn plaster, a felt ring with a core of salicylic acid that relieves pressure and erodes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_(pathology)

Expression is mediated by the NPR1 gene and the salicylic acid pathway, both involved in resistance to fungal and insect attack ... but there is a hypothetical link between salicylic acid and allergies in humans.[non sequitur] May be used to monitor ... the link between chitinases and salicylic acid in plants is well established[further explanation needed]- ... Henrissat B (December 1991). "A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitinase

... ramiprilat and dose normalized salicylic acid. However, for simvastatin the point estimate of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ for Ln- ... transformed data were significantly lower (~25%) and for its active metabolite, simvastatin acid, it was significantly higher ... 60%). Thus, the increased bioavailability of active simvastatin acid compensated for the loss of bioavailability of simvastatin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycap

An alternative synthesis involves reaction of salicylic acid with iodine, followed by decarboxylation. Rappoport (1984). CRC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Iodophenol

Human NAT1 preferentially acetylates 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 4 amino salicylic acid, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfanilamide. ... Polymorphisms of NAT2 include the single amino acid substitutions R64Q, I114T, D122N, L137F, Q145P, R197Q, and G286E. These are ... of their amino acid sequence. Both also have an active site cysteine residue (Cys68) in the N-terminal region. Further, all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetyltransferase

SALICYLIC ACID (UNII: O414PZ4LPZ) (SALICYLIC ACID - UNII:O414PZ4LPZ) SALICYLIC ACID. 5 mg in 1 g. ... Salicylic Acid Cleanser. Formulated with salicylic acid, a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that works as a chemical exfoliant to dive ... SALICYLIC ACID CLEANSER- exfoliating and clarifying face wash gel Skin PS Brands. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=fb230cde-b225-6df6-e053-6294a90aa653&type=display

Find the best salicylic acid gels for your skin type at Sephora. Our selection includes a variety of affordable and gentle ... salicylic acid gels.. Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid that has been used for centuries to treat acne and other skin ... "serums with salicylic acid. "If youre looking for a good salicylic acid serum, I would highly recommend this"pure salicylic ... With 100 percent pure Salicylic Acid, this serum packs a punch for pesky pores and blackheads"salicylic acid body wash. ...

https://www.sephora.com/buy/salicylic-acid-gels

Aspirin is acetyl salicylic acid or ASA. Salicylic acid is commonly an ingredient in topical acne solutions, dandruff control ... Check with your doctor before using salicylic acid during pregnancy or nursing.My doctor reccomended using salicylic acid as a ... Other prescription acne medications are definitely a no-no -- but concerning salicylic acid, follow your doctors ... Aspirin or aspirin-containing medicines are never acceptable in pregnancy.Salicylic Acid is NOT aspirin. ...

https://www.answers.com/Q/Can_you_use_salicylic_acid_when_pregnant

Salicylic acid peels may help to improve the appearance of skin. Learn more here. ... QRxLabs 20% Salicylic Acid Gel Peel. Skin Beauty Solutions Salicylic Acid Skin Peel 10%. Perfect Image Tri-Clarity Peel Pads 25 ... How beneficial is salicylic acid for acne? Read on to learn what salicylic acid is, how it works to treat acne, and whether it ... How often can I use 20% salicylic acid peel?. A 2015 study. notes that individuals can use a 20% or 30% salicylic acid every 2 ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-salicylic-acid-peel?utm_source=ReadNext

... was 72 US Dollars. Discover more data with NationMaster! ... Zimbabwe - Import of Salicylic Acid, Salts US Dollars - 1995 to 2019. Since 2014, Zimbabwe Import of Salicylic Acid, Salts fell ... How does Zimbabwe rank in Import of Salicylic Acid, Salts?. #. 144 Countries. US Dollars. Last. YoY. 5‑years CAGR. ... With $71.98 in 2019, the country was number 140 comparing other countries in Import of Salicylic Acid, Salts. Zimbabwe is ...

https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/timeseries/zimbabwe-import-of-salicylic-acid-salts

SALICYLIC ACID (UNII: O414PZ4LPZ) (SALICYLIC ACID - UNII:O414PZ4LPZ) SALICYLIC ACID. 40 mg in 9 ... SALICYLIC ACID- corn removers patch. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it into your RSS Reader ... SALICYLIC ACID- corn removers patch. If this SPL contains inactivated NDCs listed by the FDA initiated compliance action, they ... salicylic acid 40 % Medicated Patch. PSN. 2. 240559. salicylic acid 0.4 MG/MG Medicated Patch. SCD. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=249ba77f-fba4-41b4-83df-3f46fb94835a

Salicylic Acid Topical Topical salicylic acid is used to help clear and prevent pimples and skin blemishes in people who have ... creams that contain urea, lactic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, tretinoin, or vitamin D Steroid creams to reduce ... ... or salicylic acid Topical azelaic acid For women whose acne is ... ... It may help to use a wash with salicylic acid or benzoyl if your skin is oily and ... may contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, ...

http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=SALICYLIC+ACID

Salicylic Acid Topical: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before using topical salicylic acid,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to salicylic acid, any other ... If someone swallows salicylic acid or applies too much salicylic acid, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 ... Salicylic acid is in a class of medications called keratolytic agents. Topical salicylic acid treats acne by reducing swelling ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607072.html

No information is available on the clinical use of salicylic acid on the skin during breastfeeding. Because it is unlikely to ... Salicylic Acid No authors listed In: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of ... No information is available on the clinical use of salicylic acid on the skin during breastfeeding. Because it is unlikely to ... Cellulose and Citric Acid. [No authors listed] [No authors listed] 2019 May 1. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [ ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999734

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29999734

Find patient medical information for Salicylic Acid in Alcohol topical on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, ... Before using salicylic acid, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to aspirin; or if you have any other ... Salicylic Acid in Alcohol topical - Uses, Side Effects, and More. View Free Coupon * Uses ... Salicylic acid is used on the skin to treat psoriasis and other dry, scaly skin conditions. This medication is also used to ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-369-576/salicylic-acid-in-alcohol-topical/salicylic-acid-6-topical/details

... salicylic acid) M970035. Testing Status of alpha/beta Hydroxy acids (glycolic acid, salicylic acid) M970035. CASRN: ... Photocarcinogenesis Study of Glycolic Acid and Salicylic Acid (CASRNs 79-14-1 and 69-72-7) in SKH-1 Mice (Simulated Solar Light ... Related: ALPHA/BETA HYDROXY ACIDS. Synonyms/Common Names. *Glycolic acid (alpha/beta Hydroxy acids) ... 69-72-7 - Salicylic acid. Long-Term Carcinogenicity. *1 year (Topical Application) (C97010A) Completed *TR-524 (NIH Number: 07- ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/ts-m970035

Buy The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Solution 30ml - luxury skincare, hair care, makeup and beauty products at LOOKFANTASTIC.com ...

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https://www.nyp.org/healthlibrary/drug-info/benzoyl-peroxide-and-salicylic-acid-topical

Vitamin C Hyaluronic Acid Salicylic Acid Ferulic Acid Polyglutamic Acid Vitamin E Squalane Tranexamic Acid ... Pure Vitamin C Advanced Antioxidant Advanced Hyaluronic Acid Advanced Blemish Defense Advanced Dark Spot Corrector ...

https://dslaboratories.com/collections/salicylic-acid

how salicylic acid works. Salicylic Acid removes skin cells superficially (on the skins surface), and helps kill breakout- ... can you use retinol with salicylic acid?. Yes! Contrary to popular belief, you can use Retinol with Salicylic Acid to treat ... salicylic acid. If youre dealing with the ups and downs of adult acne, you likely want the best ingredients available in your ... Use Salicylic Acid in the morning and Retinol at night. Those with more sensitive skin may need to use these products on ...

https://www.dermalinstitute.com/can-you-use-retinol-with-salicylic-acid/

Salicylic Acid 20% gel peel: rated 4 out of 5 on MakeupAlley. See 12 member reviews and photos. ... I use Salicylic acid 20% every 5-7 days and it has kept me clear of acne for the last three weeks which is unheard of. I leave ... I buy my salicylic acid from eBay and mine is 30% but its pretty much the same thing. Mine is cut with alcohol and this is the ... For at77339, Just wanted to comment on why husbands skin reacts better to Salicylic Acid 20% gel peel. I studied mens skin ...

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Discontinue use of salicylic acid if salicylic acid toxicity occurs and treat appropriately. ... Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate: (Moderate) Concomitant use of salicylic acid with other drugs which may ... Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid: (Moderate) Concomitant use of salicylic acid with other drugs which may contribute ... Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate: (Moderate) Concomitant use of salicylic acid with ...

https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Salex-salicylic-acid-1618

Get free answers on any health question about the medication Salicylic acid from top U.S. doctors. Or, video or text chat with ... Can i use glycolic acid and salicylic acid at the same time? ... Salicylic acid andglycolic acid ok to use together?. 1 doctor ... I have dr.Scholls corn remover that comes with the salicylic acid and i used it, but all it did was make the corn white, what ... Is salicylic acid 3% ointment can heal eczema and is there any other medicine for eczema which can help? ...

https://www.healthtap.com/topics/medications/salicylic-acid/

Remedy: Salicylic acid. Comment posted by Chaos Is of Toledo, OR, USA on 19 February 2021 at 0:42 5292. YES. Im not sure which ... I use salicylic acid in an acne scrub. I use it in the shower. Just leave it on for two to five minutes and it brings them to ... I have been using acne products that contain salicylic acid and that helps but it doesnt get rid of them completely. You can ...

https://growyouthful.com/comment-ailment-remedy.php?ailmentNo=64&remedyNo=147

... plus all the salicylic acid-infused products you can use to score clear skin. ... Here is everything you needed to know about salicylic acid, ... Best Salicylic Acid Cleanser: COSRX Salicylic Acid Daily ... Best Salicylic Acid Chemical Exfoliant: The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Solution. Gone are the days when we relied on physical ... What are the benefits of salicylic acid?. * It clears clogged pores.. Clogged pores are just *pimples* waiting to sprout (at ...

https://www.cosmo.ph/beauty/skin/salicylic-acid-a4490-20200107

salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway (systemic acquired resistance). *systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid ... The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.. ...

https://www.yeastrc.org/pdr/viewGONode.do?acc=GO:0009862

Shop our vegan & cruelty-free salicylic acid acne products for an even skin tone today! ...

https://www.pacificabeauty.com/collections/acne-defense

Salicylic Acid Cleanser with Hyaluronic Acid, Niacinamide & Ceramides, BHA Exfoliant for Face , Fragrance Free Non-Comedogenic ... Ceramides 1, 3, 6-II; Hyaluronic Acid; Salicylic Acid Salicylic Acid; Ceramides 1, 3, 6-II; Hectorite Clay, Niacinamide ... CeraVe SA Lotion for Rough & Bumpy Skin , Vitamin D, Hyaluronic Acid, Lactic Acid & Salicylic Acid Lotion , Fragrance Free & ... Salicylic acid is a Beta Hydroxy Acid (or BHA), which helps to slough off excess oil, sebum, and dead skin cells from the ...

https://www.amazon.sg/CeraVe-Salicylic-Hyaluronic-Niacinamide-Non-Comedogenic/dp/B08CQ9T6KN?ref_=Oct_d_orec_d_6314330051_3&pd_rd_w=mTB4K&content-id=amzn1.sym.eb1d4768-597e-4d1c-b2fe-29d1e467a0a2&pf_rd_p=eb1d4768-597e-4d1c-b2fe-29d1e467a0a2&pf_rd_r=P2WG6B6HPB3AZ9HDEN45&pd_rd_wg=cUgfS&pd_rd_r=a7324656-64b7-4055-a8bf-3e9b0692b6ee&pd_rd_i=B08CQ9T6KN

This purifying toner with salicylic acid is concentrated in antibacterial actives that target blemishes. It refines skin ... Salicylic Acid (1%):. Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA), known for its keratolytic (peeling) and exfoliating effects ... The aspirin medication we know today is actually a synthetic derivative of salicylic acid (acetyl-salicylic acid). It was first ... salicylic acid was first extracted from willow bark in 1829 by a French pharmacist named Pierre-Joseph Leroux. Salicylic acid ...

https://us.typology.com/products/purifying-toner

Salicylic Acid. What It Is: Salicylic acid is an oil-soluble ingredient often derived from willow bark extract. It is also ... Neutrogena T/Sal Salicylic Acid Shampoo. Buy Now On Amazon. Price: $10.48. $7.32 ... Kunal cites Neutrogenas salicylic acid shampoo as a go-to for excessively oily scalps, which inherently become prone to ... What It Targets: When used to target scalps, salicylic acid is a terrific quick-fix and short term solution, says Goldman. It ...

https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/best-shampoos-itchy-scalp-according-160000616.html

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The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Salicylic acid is combined with Diltiazem. ... Salicylic Acid<>Diltiazem. Applies to: salicylic acid 2 % Topical Solution <> Diltiazem Hydrochloride 60 MG Oral Tablet ... Salicylic Acid<>Diltiazem. Applies to: salicylic acid 2 % Topical Solution <> Diltiazem Hydrochloride 60 MG Oral Tablet ... Drug1 is resolved to Salicylic Acid, Drug2 is resolved to Diltiazem and interaction asserted in DrugBank between Salicylic acid ...

http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/diltiazem-salicylic-acid25/

Salicylic Acid (BHA). If thats the case with this powerful ingredient, lets learn what salicylic acid is and get a few things ... Salicylic Acid and your Skin. Salicylic acid (BHA) Salicylic acid is a part of the beta-hydroxy acid family (BHA), a carbon- ... Salicylic Acid as an Exfoliator. One of the most remarkable benefits of salicylic acid treatment is its ability to exfoliate ... Choosing BeautiPura® Salicylic Acid Treatments. As evidenced above, salicylic acid has many remarkable benefits to improve your ...

https://beautipura.com/blogs/ingredients-spotlight/salicylic-acid-bha-1

Salicylic acid is commonly an ingredient in topical acne solutions, dandruff control products and wart remover. (answers.com)
Salicylic acid is an oil-soluble ingredient often derived from willow bark extract. (yahoo.com)
Whether you've been struggling with stubborn blackheads or looking to revitalize your dull complexion, Chances you came across one day this ingredient in a skincare product ingredient list: Salicylic Acid (BHA). (beautipura.com)
If that's the case with this powerful ingredient, let's learn what salicylic acid is and get a few things straight about its benefits. (beautipura.com)
Salicylic acid (BHA) Salicylic acid is a part of the beta-hydroxy acid family (BHA), a carbon-based organic ingredient naturally sourced from willow bark. (beautipura.com)
In addition, the acid is an efficient ingredient for reducing acne breakouts thanks to its unique ability to interrupt apart the attachments between cells within the outer layers of the skin. (beautipura.com)
Often salicylic acid is the best ingredient targeted to individuals with acne-prone skin. (beautipura.com)
You can find salicylic acid in a product's International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) list under its common name Salicylic Acid. (luminordic.com)
When used correctly, salicylic is a wonderful ingredient for helping keep skin clear from acne. (justmagic.net.au)
You've probably heard of the skin-care ingredient salicylic acid, but you may not have a detailed understanding of what it does, what it's derived from, and how it compares to other acne fighters. (popsugar.com)

If you are looking for acne treatments that contain salicylic acid, BeautiPura®Super Salicylic Acid anti-blemish purifying Cream , BeautiPura®Ultra-Sensitive Skin Micellar Water , BeautiPura®Eye Contour Repair Serum , and BeautiPura®advanced low molecular Hyaluronic Acid eye Serum , Treatments may be the right option. (beautipura.com)
For problematic skin, skincare products that contain salicylic acid will smooth and clear things up to reveal fresh, renewed skin that glows healthfully. (beautifiedyou.com)

During the very first time you venture into the world of ~chemical~ exfoliants , you'll hear the words AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid) and BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) a lot. (cosmo.ph)
It is also known as a beta-hydroxy acid or BHA, and it can seep into the pores to temper oil levels and clear out dead skin cells. (yahoo.com)
Salicylic Acid is an oil-soluble Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) that penetrates deep into the skin & exfoliates to dissolve dead skin cells that clog pores. (drsheths.com)
Belongs to the beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) group that can penetrate pores as well as skin surface. (panahlabs.com)

A cult-favorite from the famous Korean brand COSRX, this salicylic acid-infused cleanser reduces breakouts, controls sebum production, and leaves the skin soft. (cosmo.ph)
Dr. Sheth's Neem & Salicylic Acid Face Wash is an exfoliating cleanser crafted for sensitive Indian Skin keeping in mind the humid climate and various environmental stressors that may bog the skin down. (drsheths.com)
This cleanser is effectively furnished with skin purifying technology and salicylic acid acne medicine which exfoliates your skin, detoxifies impurities, and treats acne giving you clearer skin. (skincarebeginner.com)
Creightons Salicylic Acid Foaming Clay Cleanser combines Kaolin Clay with Salicylic and Lactic Acids to help absorb excess oil and maintain healthier, clearer looking skin every day. (skinpopessentiel.com)

Topical salicylic acid treats acne by reducing swelling and redness and unplugging blocked skin pores to allow pimples to shrink. (medlineplus.gov)
Salicylic acid is a type of BHA that deeply penetrates the skin, making it great at unclogging pores . (cosmo.ph)
Salicylic acid exfoliates the skin and unclogs the pores, so it treats active acne and prevents new ones from sprouting. (cosmo.ph)
The acid penetrates the skin's pores to dissolve dead skin cells, and flaky skin built upon the surface of the skin and causes clogged pores. (beautipura.com)
Salicylic acid also helps to remove bacteria and grime built up on the skin's surface so that pores can remain clear and free from irritants. (beautipura.com)
This allows the acid to unclog pores which will cause blemishes. (beautipura.com)
La Roche Posay Effaclar Clarifying Solution is an exfoliating acne toner formulated to unclog pores and improve skin texture.Benefits: 0.5% Salicylic Acid 2% Glycolic Acid Oil-free,fragrance-free, and paraben-free Ingredients: 0.5% Salicylic Acid. (beautifiedyou.com)
Enriched with Salicylic Acid, Neem & Tulsi Extract, the formulation dives deep into your pores & unclogs trapped debris while healing inflammation to reveal glowing, fresh skin with every use. (drsheths.com)
The secret to its gentleness is the salicylic acid with a time-released delivery system that breaks both blemish-causing build-ups on the skin's surface and within pores without typical dryness and irritation side effects. (panahlabs.com)
The advantage of using face toners with salicylic acid is that it cleans out the dead skin cells, opens up clogged pores while taking care of skin infections caused by bacteria and inflammation. (skincarebeginner.com)
Face toners with salicylic acid are more suitable for oily skins since they clean out pores clogged by excess sebum. (skincarebeginner.com)
The salicylic acid helps to penetrate through the skin pores easily and break down pimples and comedones, shedding out the dead skin cells. (skincarebeginner.com)
salicylic acid which allows easy removal of dead skin layers and creates open pores for easy penetration of moisturizers and other skincare products. (skincarebeginner.com)
The rich formulated pore minimizing toner helps minimize enlarged pores and purifies the skin of every impurity due to the presence of salicylic acid in the product. (skincarebeginner.com)

Topical salicylic acid is used to help clear and prevent pimples and skin blemishes in people who have acne. (nih.gov)

Also not to use anything with benzoyl peroxide or glycolic acid. (answers.com)
What Is Glycolic Acid? (popsugar.com)

Salicylic Acid is particularly beneficial for individuals with acne-prone skin to eliminate blackheads and whiteheads, particularly around the nose and in areas prone to blackheads. (beautipura.com)
Salicylic acid works wonders on blackheads and whiteheads. (beautifiedyou.com)
This rich formula of salicylic acid coupled with witch hazel is known for clearing out stubborn whiteheads and blackheads. (skincarebeginner.com)

The truth is, there have not been sufficient tests to determine if there is a harmful effect on babies in the womb when his/her mother uses salicylic acid topical treatment. (answers.com)
Topical salicylic acid is also used to treat skin conditions that involve scaling or overgrowth of skin cells such as psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of the body), ichthyoses (inborn conditions that cause skin dryness and scaling), dandruff, corns, calluses, and warts on the hands or feet. (medlineplus.gov)
Topical salicylic acid should not be used to treat genital warts, warts on the face, warts with hair growing from them, warts in the nose or mouth, moles, or birthmarks. (medlineplus.gov)
Topical salicylic acid comes in several strengths, including certain products that are only available with a prescription. (medlineplus.gov)
Topical salicylic acid may be used as often as several times a day or as infrequently as several times a week, depending on the condition being treated and the product being used. (medlineplus.gov)
If you are using topical salicylic acid to treat acne, your skin may become dry or irritated at the beginning of your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not swallow topical salicylic acid. (medlineplus.gov)
Be careful not to get topical salicylic acid in your eyes, nose, or mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
If you accidentally get topical salicylic acid in your eyes, nose, or mouth, flush the area with water for 15 minutes. (medlineplus.gov)
Only apply topical salicylic acid to the areas of skin that are affected by your skin condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not apply topical salicylic acid to large areas of your body unless your doctor tells you that you should. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not cover the skin where you applied topical salicylic acid with a bandage or dressing unless your doctor tells you that you should. (medlineplus.gov)
If you are using topical salicylic acid to treat acne or certain other skin condition, it may take several weeks or longer for you to feel the full benefit of the medication. (medlineplus.gov)
Read the package label of the topical salicylic acid product you are using very carefully. (medlineplus.gov)
Your skin may become very irritated if you apply any of these products to the skin that you are treating with topical salicylic acid. (medlineplus.gov)
Keratolytic efficacy of topical preparations containing salicylic acid was studied in humans utilizing adhesive tape stripping and quantifying SC removal by protein analysis. (nih.gov)

One of the most common recommendations for acne-prone skin is to use products containing salicylic acid. (luminordic.com)

For at77339, Just wanted to comment on why husband's skin reacts better to Salicylic Acid 20% gel peel. (makeupalley.com)
Moreover, salicylic acid reacts with acetic acid to produce aspirin. (allaboutnews.net)
This product should not be used without sunscreen, though, as Salicylic acid in it reacts terribly with the sun. (skincarebeginner.com)

Salicylic Acid is NOT aspirin. (answers.com)
Aspirin is "acetyl salicylic acid" or ASA. (answers.com)
The active metabolite of aspirin-salicylic acid-has been used to treat ailments for several millennia. (nih.gov)
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, that rapidly deacetylates to SA) is an effective primary and secondary chemopreventive agent. (nih.gov)

Kunal cites Neutrogena's salicylic acid shampoo as a go-to for excessively oily scalps, which inherently become prone to itching and flaking. (yahoo.com)

It's formulated with 1.5 percent salicylic acid to help kill bacteria quickly. (cosmo.ph)
Neem & Salicylic Acid Face Wash is formulated to fight acne-causing bacteria & prevent future breakouts while soothing irritation. (drsheths.com)

Salicylic acid is in a class of medications called keratolytic agents. (medlineplus.gov)
In contrast to squamometry, tape stripping combined with protein analysis was sensitive in detecting keratolytic effect of salicylic acid within hours of application. (nih.gov)

Salicylic acid works by removing dead skin cells and reducing the secretion of sebum on the skin. (skincarebeginner.com)

I ordered sallicylic acid, because I had a couple of red spots from pimples on my side. (makeupalley.com)

LUMI's Tundra line , which contains willow bark extract, a natural alternative to synthetic salicylic acid that does not have the same harmful effects. (luminordic.com)
With 1% Salicylic Acid & Neem & Tulsi Extract, the formulation aims to reduce breakouts while healing persisting irritation on the skin. (drsheths.com)
Prepared with active ingredients like 2% BHA also known as Salicylic acid and Green tea extract, this toner seems to be on every woman's shopping list. (skincarebeginner.com)

If you suffer from dandruff , turn to salicylic acid. (cosmo.ph)

Stop them in their tracks by using salicylic acid to clear out the blockage and prevent future breakouts. (cosmo.ph)

Yes, Neem & Salicylic Acid Face Wash is suitable for all skin types, ranging from normal to oily & acne-prone. (drsheths.com)

tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to salicylic acid, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in salicylic acid products. (medlineplus.gov)
It will help if you look for products with moisturizing ingredients, such as soothing oils, Hyaluronic Acid, and Ceramides. (beautipura.com)
Even if you're not familiar with skincare ingredients, if you've ever looked for a product to heal a pimple up quickly, then chances are you've probably seen salicylic acid on the label. (justmagic.net.au)

With $71.98 in 2019, the country was number 140 comparing other countries in Import of Salicylic Acid, Salts. (nationmaster.com)

nbsp;La Roche Posay Effaclar 3 Step Acne Treatment System is a unique 3-piece solution utilizing Micronized Benzoyl Peroxide with Salicylic Acid to reduce acne, along with exclusive Lipo Hydroxy Acid for precise cell-by-cell. (beautifiedyou.com)

You may be eager to add salicylic acid (BHA) to your daily skincare routine. (beautipura.com)

Still, since Salicylic Acid can cause skin dehydration, it is important to pay extra attention to your skin's hydration. (beautipura.com)

Moreover, its skin-identical lipid concentrate, moisture-magnet hyaluronic acid restores barrier function and hydration. (panahlabs.com)
Skin's natural moisture reservoir- hyaluronic acid attracts and binds moisture to the skin and intensely hydrates different layers, giving it an instant plump and supple look. (panahlabs.com)

Other prescription acne medications are definitely a no-no -- but concerning salicylic acid, follow your doctor's recommendations and be at ease about it. (answers.com)

Since the Neem & Salicylic Acid Face Wash has 1% BHA, it is advisable to incorporate it at night every day followed by your serums & night cream/moisturizer. (drsheths.com)

Featuring our patent-pending molecule SIG-1459, exfoliating fruit acids (AHAs) and skin-brightening niacinamide, this product works on the toughest of acne, yet is gentle enough to be used as a daily exfoliating and brightening treatment. (neora.com)

In combination with tape stripping, squamometry was used to evaluate the influence of salicylic acid on skin surface scaliness and desquamation. (nih.gov)
It has a higher concentration of salicylic acid than most facial products (3 percent compared to the usual 2 percent), so it works especially well at removing dead skin cells and balancing oil levels. (yahoo.com)
This fat-soluble acid penetrating follicles and skin, loosening the attachments between cells in the outer layer of the skin. (beautipura.com)
Salicylic Acid (BHA) is great for people with traditionally problematic or acne skin. (beautipura.com)
One of the most remarkable benefits of salicylic acid treatment is its ability to exfoliate your skin deeply. (beautipura.com)
As evidenced above, salicylic acid has many remarkable benefits to improve your skin health and appearance. (beautipura.com)
Once it gets into your skin, the acid part of this molecule dissolves what holds your skin cells together. (beautifiedyou.com)
If you want cleaner, clearer and more brilliant skin with a youthful glow, try these skincare products with salicylic acid. (beautifiedyou.com)
Will Neem & Salicylic Acid Face Wash suit my skin type? (drsheths.com)
A mix of alpha hydroxy acids (orange, sugar maple, lemon and sugar cane) that works to remove dead skin cells and exfoliate skin. (neora.com)
The structure of salicylic acid facilitates its lipophilicity and miscibility with the lipids located on the surface of the skin. (theseraphimstore.com)
Note: While exfoliating acids can result in quick visible benefits, we generally suggest the use of indirect forms of skin exfoliation in favour of direct forms such as this formula due to potential inflammation and sensitivity associated with acids. (theseraphimstore.com)

In comparison to Salicylic Acid 2% Solution, Salicylic Acid 2% Masque is a rinse-off formula. (theseraphimstore.com)
Please refer to NIOD's Non-Acid Acid Precursor for such a suggested formula. (theseraphimstore.com)
Our formula contains salicylic acid with a time-released mechanism that helps deliver the safest exfoliation without side effects like dryness and irritation, which are common with regular salicylic acid. (panahlabs.com)

1. Products containing salicylic acid. (luminordic.com)
However, the use of synthetic salicylic acid in certain cosmetic products has largely been banned due to its endocrine-disrupting effects. (luminordic.com)
Synthetic salicylic acid is still allowed to be used in very small amounts as a preservative in some products, though it is prohibited completely in products intended for children under 3. (luminordic.com)
The allowed percentage of salicylic acid is higher in washable products. (luminordic.com)
Salicylic acid is a chemical substance that's added to several cosmetic products due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-acne properties. (skincarebeginner.com)

Clinical tolerance to three 5-aminosalicylic acid releasing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease intolerant or allergic to sulphasalazine. (nih.gov)

The value of 5-aminosalicylic acid in inflammatory bowel disease for patients intolerant or allergic to sulphasalazine. (nih.gov)

For those who suffer with acne, salicylic acid is the answer you've been looking for. (beautifiedyou.com)

Salicylic acid (SA) has observationally been shown to decrease colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. (nih.gov)

Salicylic derivatives in the clinical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: new perspectives]. (nih.gov)

Scientifically speaking, when the hydroxyl part of the molecule is removed from the acid part by two carbon atoms, it creates salicylic acid. (beautifiedyou.com)

Air sampling and medical evaluation performed at a glass cutting and packaging operation reveals that salicylic dust, a component of Polytek glass used in the process, is toxic at the concentration used or found, causing acute irrita tion of the eyes, nose and throat of the workers exposed. (cdc.gov)
Air concentration levels of 0.08 mg per cubic meter of salicylic-acid (69727) does not cause significant blood levels of the compound, but it does induce symptoms. (cdc.gov)

I use Salicylic acid 20% every 5-7 days and it has kept me clear of acne for the last three weeks which is unheard of. (makeupalley.com)

What are the benefits of salicylic acid? (cosmo.ph)

If it's your first time trying it, we recommend The Ordinary's Salicylic Acid 2% Solution. (cosmo.ph)
When used to target scalps, salicylic acid is a terrific quick-fix and short term solution, says Goldman. (yahoo.com)

In fact, the ancient Egyptians and Greeks even used teas and other potions brewed from the bark of the willow tree, which is rich in salicylic acid, to treat their fevers, headaches, and pains. (nih.gov)
New report on Salicylic Acid is a crystalline organic acid, which is obtained from plants such as wintergreen and willow back leaves. (allaboutnews.net)

We report a patient who developed sulphasalazine-related hepatitis with a subsequent adverse reaction to rectal 5-amino salicylic acid, in the form of pain and fever without associated liver dysfunction, suggesting reactions to both components of sulphasalazine. (nih.gov)

Apply a small amount of the salicylic acid product to one or two small areas you want to treat for 3 days when you begin to use this medication for the first time. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy3

Organisms20

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science2

Distribution kinetics of salicylic acid in the dual-perfused rat liver preparation. (1/1096)

Salicylate inhibits LDL oxidation initiated by superoxide/nitric oxide radicals. (2/1096)

Is arcA3 a possible mediator in the signal transduction pathway during agonist cell cycle arrest by salicylic acid and UV irradiation? (3/1096)

Inverse relationship between systemic resistance of plants to microorganisms and to insect herbivory. (4/1096)

Nanogram amounts of salicylic acid produced by the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 activate the systemic acquired resistance pathway in bean. (5/1096)

Interaction of NPR1 with basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors that bind sequences required for salicylic acid induction of the PR-1 gene. (6/1096)

Environmental factors modulating antibiotic and siderophore biosynthesis by Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strains. (7/1096)

A functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (8/1096)

Salicylic Acid

Salicylates

Oxylipins

Cyclopentanes

Plant Diseases

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Arabidopsis

Plant Growth Regulators

Pseudomonas syringae

Ethylenes

Arabidopsis Proteins

Plant Immunity

Plant Leaves

Plants, Genetically Modified

Plant Proteins

Tobacco

Disease Resistance

Oomycetes

Isonicotinic Acids

Botrytis

Thiadiazoles

Warts

Genes, Plant

Gentisates

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Alternaria

Plants, Toxic

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase

Scopoletin

Keratolytic Agents

Intramolecular Transferases

Immunity, Innate

Aspirin

Cryotherapy

Peronospora

Plant Roots

Anacardic Acids

Lycopersicon esculentum

Hydroxybenzoates

Aminosalicylic Acids

Signal Transduction

Pseudomonas

Abscisic Acid

RNA, Plant

Ascomycota

Indenes

Glycolates

Capsicum

Mutation

Exopeptidases

Hydrogen Peroxide

Benzoic Acid

Molecular Sequence Data

Acetates

Hydroponics

Hippurates

Chemexfoliation

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phytophthora

Naphthaleneacetic Acids

Mesalamine

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases

Magnaporthe

Bromisovalum

Ascorbate Peroxidases

Oryza sativa

Chitinase

Plant Exudates

Cinnamates

Mixed Function Oxygenases

Verticillium

Cicer

Seedling

Defensins

Benzoates

Amitrole

Indoleacetic Acids

Colletotrichum

Amino Acid Sequence