Saguinus
Callitrichinae
Monkey Diseases
Cebidae
Callithrix
Leontopithecus
Siadenovirus
Platyrrhini
Opportunistic Pneumocystis carinii infection in red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus). (1/160)
P. carinii infection in red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus), born and maintained in a laboratory breeding colony, was examined by histopathologic examination postmortem. P. carinii cysts were detected in 6 of 10 red-bellied tamarins examined, by using Grocott's, toluidine blue O and immunostaining with avidin-biotin complex using antisera for rat-, simian-, and human-P. carinii. The results obtained from the present studies imply that P. carinii may be an important pathogen in this species. (+info)Three different MHC class I molecules bind the same CTL epitope of the influenza virus in a primate species with limited MHC class I diversity. (2/160)
One of the most remarkable features of the MHC class I loci of most outbred mammalian populations is their exceptional diversity, yet the functional importance of this diversity remains to be fully understood. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) is unusual in having MHC class I loci that exhibit both limited polymorphism and sequence variation. To investigate the functional implications of limited MHC class I diversity in this outbred primate species, we infected five tamarins with influenza virus and defined the CTL epitopes recognized by each individual. In addition to an immunodominant epitope of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that was recognized by all individuals, two tamarins also made a response to the same epitope of the matrix (M1) protein. Surprisingly, these two tamarins used different MHC class I molecules, Saoe-G*02 and -G*04, to present the M1 epitope. In addition, CTLs from one of the tamarins recognized target cells that expressed neither Saoe-G*02 nor -G*04, but, rather, a third MHC class I molecule, Saoe-G*12. Sequence analysis revealed that Saoe-G*12 differs from both Saoe-G*02 and -G*04 by only two nucleotides and was probably generated by recombination between these two alleles. These results demonstrate that at least three of the tamarin's MHC class I molecules can present the same epitope to virus-specific CTLs. Thus, four of the tamarin's 12 MHC class I molecules bound only two influenza virus CTL epitopes. Therefore, the functional diversity of cotton-top tamarin's MHC class I loci may be even more limited than their genetic diversity suggests. (+info)Expression of noncovalent hepatitis C virus envelope E1-E2 complexes is not required for the induction of antibodies with neutralizing properties following DNA immunization. (3/160)
Interactive glycoproteins present on the surface of viral particles represent the main target of neutralizing antibodies. The ability of DNA vaccination to induce antibodies directed at such structures was investigated by using eight different expression plasmids engineered either to favor or to prevent interaction between the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. Independently of the injection route (intramuscular or intraepidermal), plasmids expressing antigens capable of forming heterodimers presumed to be the prebudding form of the HCV envelope protein complex failed to induce any significant, stable antibodies following injection in mice. In sharp contrast, high titers of antibodies directed at both conformational and linear determinants were induced by using plasmids expressing severely truncated antigens that have lost the ability to form native complexes. In addition, only a truncated form of E2 induced antibodies reacting against the hypervariable region 1 of E2 (specifically with the C-terminal part of it) known to contain a neutralization site. When injected intraepidermally into small primates, the truncated E2-encoding plasmid induced antibodies able to neutralize in vitro the binding of a purified E2 protein onto susceptible cells. Because such antibodies have been associated with viral clearance in both humans and chimpanzees, these findings may have important implications for the development of protective immunity against HCV. (+info)TT viruses (TTV) of non-human primates and their relationship to the human TTV genotypes. (4/160)
Sera from eight different non-human primate species, in total 216 samples, were analysed for the presence of TT virus (TTV) sequences. A very high incidence of TTV infection was found in sera from both common chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees, 48.8% and 66.7%, respectively. Sequence analysis of PCR fragments from two pygmy chimpanzees and seven common chimpanzees resulted in a total of 14 different TTV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis, including human TTV of all known genotypes, revealed that: (i) TTV from pygmy chimpanzees are closely related to viruses from human genotypes 2 and 3; (ii) TTV sequences obtained from common chimpanzees cluster together with human TTV genotypes 5 and 6, the latter only at the protein level; (iii) TTV from the common chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes verus and Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii cluster together, suggesting an ancient host-pathogen relationship before subspeciation 1.6 million years ago; and (iv) TTV of common and pygmy chimpanzees may have been acquired by these animals in different zoonotic events not longer than 2.5 million years ago. (+info)Toward a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus: An infectious molecular clone of the GB virus-B hepatitis agent. (5/160)
GB virus-B (GBV-B) is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses. This RNA virus infects tamarins, but its natural host is not known. GBV-B has special interest because it is the virus that is most closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV), an important human pathogen. In the present study, we identified a previously unrecognized sequence at the 3' end of the GBV-B genome. This new 3' terminal sequence can form several predicted stem-loop structures as is typical for other members of the Flaviviridae family. We constructed molecular clones and showed that the new 3' UTR sequence was critical for in vivo infectivity. After intrahepatic transfection of two tamarins with RNA transcripts of the full-length GBV-B clone, we detected high viral titers from Week 1 postinoculation with peak titers of approximately 10(8) genome equivalents/ml. The viremic pattern of GBV-B infection in the transfected animals was the same as in animals inoculated intravenously with the virus pool used as the cloning source. The sequence of the recombinant virus was recovered from one of the tamarins and shown to be identical to that of the infectious clone. The development of severe hepatitis in both tamarins infected with the recombinant GBV-B virus provides formal proof that GBV-B is a true hepatitis virus. (+info)Excretion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in adults: comparison of immunologic and molecular detection methods and relationship between HAV positivity and infectivity in tamarins. (6/160)
Fecal excretion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in 18 patients with HAV infection was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect viral antigen and by reverse transcription-PCR amplification followed by ethidium bromide staining (PCR-ETBr) or nucleic acid hybridization (PCR-NA) to detect viral genetic material. A gradation of sensitivity was observed in the detection of virus by the three methods. In persons who had detectable virus, serial stool samples were found to be positive by EIA for up to 24 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. Viral genetic material could be detected by PCR-ETBr for up to 34 days and by PCR-NA for up to 54 days after the peak elevation of liver enzymes. After intravenous inoculation of tamarins with stool suspensions categorized as highly reactive for HAV (positive by EIA, PCR-ETBr, and PCR-NA), moderately reactive (positive by PCR-ETBr and PCR-NA), or weakly reactive (positive by PCR-NA), only tamarins infected with highly reactive stool suspensions (EIA positive) developed HAV infection. We conclude that positivity of stool specimens for HAV by PCR-ETBr or PCR-NA indicates a lower potential for infectivity, compared to that of EIA-positive stools. (+info)Identification of a novel sequence at the 3' end of the GB virus B genome. (7/160)
GB virus B (GBV-B) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae that infects small primates (Saguinus sp. [tamarins]) and shows similarities to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in genome organization, protein function, tissue tropism, and pathogenicity. This suggests the possibility of using tamarins infected by GBV-B or GBV-B/HCV chimeric viruses as a surrogate animal model of HCV infection. To achieve the construction of such chimeric viruses, it is essential to produce a complete and infectious GBV-B genomic RNA. We have identified a novel sequence at the 3' end of the GBV-B genome and show that it can be arranged in a secondary structure resembling that of the 3' end of the HCV genome, which is known to be essential for infectivity. (+info)Virus-specific cofactor requirement and chimeric hepatitis C virus/GB virus B nonstructural protein 3. (8/160)
GB virus B (GBV-B) is closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and causes acute hepatitis in tamarins (Saguinus species), making it an attractive surrogate virus for in vivo testing of anti-HCV inhibitors in a small monkey model. It has been reported that the nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) serine protease of GBV-B shares similar substrate specificity with its counterpart in HCV. Authentic proteolytic processing of the HCV polyprotein junctions (NS4A/4B, NS4B/5A, and NS5A/5B) can be accomplished by the GBV-B NS3 protease in an HCV NS4A cofactor-independent fashion. We further characterized the protease activity of a full-length GBV-B NS3 protein and its cofactor requirement using in vitro-translated GBV-B substrates. Cleavages at the NS4A/4B and NS5A/5B junctions were readily detectable only in the presence of a cofactor peptide derived from the central region of GBV-B NS4A. Interestingly, the GBV-B substrates could also be cleaved by the HCV NS3 protease in an HCV NS4A cofactor-dependent manner, supporting the notion that HCV and GBV-B share similar NS3 protease specificity while retaining a virus-specific cofactor requirement. This finding of a strict virus-specific cofactor requirement is consistent with the lack of sequence homology in the NS4A cofactor regions of HCV and GBV-B. The minimum cofactor region that supported GBV-B protease activity was mapped to a central region of GBV-B NS4A (between amino acids Phe22 and Val36) which overlapped with the cofactor region of HCV. Alanine substitution analysis demonstrated that two amino acids, Val27 and Trp31, were essential for the cofactor activity, a finding reminiscent of the two critical residues in the HCV NS4A cofactor, Ile25 and Ile29. A model for the GBV-B NS3 protease domain and NS4A cofactor complex revealed that GBV-B might have developed a similar structural strategy in the activation and regulation of its NS3 protease activity. Finally, a chimeric HCV/GBV-B bifunctional NS3, consisting of an N-terminal HCV protease domain and a C-terminal GBV-B RNA helicase domain, was engineered. Both enzymatic activities were retained by the chimeric protein, which could lead to the development of a chimeric GBV-B virus that depends on HCV protease function. (+info)"Saguinus" is a genus of small, New World monkeys that are commonly known as tamarins. They are native to the forests of Central and South America. Tamarins have a slender body with long limbs, a specialized claw-like nail on their second digit of the foot, and a distinct coat coloration that varies between species. They primarily feed on fruits, insects, and exudates from trees. Tamarins are also known for their social structure, typically living in family groups consisting of a mated pair and their offspring.
Callitrichinae is a subfamily of New World monkeys that includes marmosets and tamarins. These small primates are known for their claw-like nails (called "tegulae"), which they use for grooming and climbing, as well as their small size and social behavior. They are native to the forests of Central and South America. Some notable species in this subfamily include the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia).
There is no single medical definition for "Monkey Diseases." However, monkeys can carry and be infected with various diseases that are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. Some examples include:
1. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV): A virus similar to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes AIDS in monkeys. It is not typically harmful to monkeys but can cause AIDS in humans if transmitted, which is rare.
2. Herpes B Virus: Also known as Macacine herpesvirus 1 or Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, it is a virus that commonly infects macaque monkeys. It can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with an infected monkey's saliva, eye fluid, or cerebrospinal fluid, causing a severe and potentially fatal illness called B encephalitis.
3. Tuberculosis (TB): Monkeys can contract and transmit tuberculosis to humans, although it is not common.
4. Simian Retrovirus (SRV): A virus that can infect both monkeys and great apes, causing immunodeficiency similar to HIV/AIDS in humans. It is not known to infect or cause disease in humans.
5. Various parasitic diseases: Monkeys can carry and transmit several parasites, including malaria-causing Plasmodium species, intestinal worms, and other parasites that can affect human health.
It's important to note that while monkeys can carry and transmit these diseases, the risk of transmission is generally low, and most cases occur in individuals who have close contact with monkeys, such as primatologists, zookeepers, or laboratory workers. Always follow safety guidelines when interacting with animals, including monkeys, to minimize the risk of disease transmission.
Cebidae is a family of primates that includes monkeys and capuchins found in the tropical rainforests and woodlands of Central and South America. This family is divided into two subfamilies: Cebinae (capuchin monkeys) and Saimiriinae (squirrel monkeys). These animals are known for their adaptability, complex social structures, and diverse behaviors. They have a varied diet that includes fruits, nuts, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates. Some notable members of this family include the white-faced capuchin, the black-capped squirrel monkey, and the golden lion tamarin.
Callithrix is a genus of New World monkeys, also known as marmosets. They are small, active primates found in the forests of South and Central America. The term "Callithrix" itself is derived from the Greek words "kallis" meaning beautiful and "thrix" meaning hair, referring to their thick, vibrantly colored fur.
Marmosets in the genus Callithrix are characterized by their slender bodies, long, bushy tails, and specialized dental structures that allow them to gouge tree bark to extract sap and exudates, which form a significant part of their diet. They also consume fruits, insects, and small vertebrates.
Some well-known species in this genus include the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), the white-headed marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi), and the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita). Marmosets are popular subjects of research due to their small size, short gestation period, and ease of breeding in captivity.
"Leontopithecus" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic genus name in the field of zoology. It refers to a group of small New World monkeys known as lion tamarins, which are native to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. These primates are characterized by their thick manes that resemble those of lions, hence their common name.
The medical community may be interested in Leontopithecus species due to their potential use in biomedical research or conservation efforts. However, it is not a term commonly used in medical practice or literature.
Siadenovirus is a type of virus that belongs to the family of Adenoviridae. It's a relatively newly discovered genus of viruses, and it includes only a few species that infect animals, primarily birds. Siadenoviruses are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that typically cause respiratory infections. However, the specific symptoms and severity of illness associated with Siadenovirus infection can vary depending on the particular virus and the host animal's immune system.
It is important to note that Siadenoviruses are not known to infect humans or cause disease in humans.
Platyrrhini is a biological term that refers to a New World monkey group, primarily characterized by their wide, flattened noses. The name "Platyrrhini" comes from the Greek words "platys," meaning flat or broad, and "rhinos," meaning nose.
This paraphyletic group includes five families: Cebidae (capuchin monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and titi monkeys), Aotidae (night monkeys), Pitheciidae (tamarins, marmosets, sakis, and uakaris), Atelidae (spider monkeys, howler monkeys, woolly monkeys, and muriquis), and Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins).
Platyrrhini monkeys are native to Central and South America. They have a diverse range of physical characteristics, diets, and behaviors. Some notable differences between Platyrrhini and Old World monkeys include their opposable thumbs, claws instead of nails on some digits, and a unique digestive system that allows them to metabolize various plant materials efficiently.
"Animals, Zoo" is not a medical term. However, it generally refers to a collection of various species of wild animals kept in enclosures or exhibits for the public to view and learn about. These animals are usually obtained from different parts of the world and live in environments that attempt to simulate their natural habitats. Zoos play an essential role in conservation efforts, education, and research. They provide a unique opportunity for people to connect with wildlife and understand the importance of preserving and protecting endangered species and their ecosystems.
White-mantled tamarin
White-lipped tamarin
List of primates by population
List of platyrrhines
Moustached tamarin
List of Central American monkey species
The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
Eastern black-handed tamarin
Nukak
Emperor tamarin
Geoffroy's tamarin
List of Panamanian monkey species
Pied tamarin
White-footed tamarin
Martins's tamarin
Black tamarin
Mottle-faced tamarin
Black-chinned emperor tamarin
Bearded emperor tamarin
Red-capped tamarin
Cotton-top tamarin
Primate cognition
Marc Hauser
Proyecto Tití
Spectacled owl
Golden-handed tamarin
Inequity aversion in animals
Lion tamarin
Allomothering
Cooperative pulling paradigm
Saguinus - The Dallas World Aquarium
Saguinus midas images - Joel Sartore
Saguinus | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
General Intelligence in Another Primate: Individual Differences across Cognitive Task Performance in a New World Monkey ...
Pied Tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) | Starmind Conservation
NTNU Open: Assessing the genetic composition of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) before sweeping anthropogenic impact
The terminal ventricle of Saguinus leucopus (Primate) - 학지사ㆍ교보문고 스콜라
White-mantled tamarin - Wikipedia
ArboCat Virus: Junin (JUNV)
Rainforest Monkeys of Ecuador - Capuchins, Howlers and Spider Monkeys
Mammal Species of the World - Browse: rufiventer
Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). | Int J Syst Evol...
Emperor Tamarin Photos, Emperor Tamarin Images, Nature Wildlife Pictures | NaturePhoto
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
Cotton-Top Tamarins - Animals at Drusillas Park - UK Zoo for Kids
SciELO - Brazil - Abundance and composition of the medium to large-sized mammals in a private area of a REDD+ project in Acre,...
Cooperative rescue of a juvenile capuchin (Cebus imitator) from a Boa constrictor | Scientific Reports
Human photo references and textures for artists - 3d.sk - ShowSet Photos
Human photo references and textures for artists - 3d.sk - ShowSet Photos
CaPriCo: Database of Captive Primate Collection
Jungle Friends Primate Sanctuary: Nicor
Human photo references and textures for artists - 3d.sk - ShowSet Photos
TAMCT 038654.jpg | Suzi Eszterhas Wildlife Photography
Åke Lundwall - Fingerprint - Lund University
Spectacled owl - Wikipedia
FIELD GUIDES BIRDING TOURS: Panama's Canopy Lodge: El Valle de Anton 2017
In noisy environs, pied tamarins are using smell more often to communicate
Oedipus5
- Twinning and survivorship of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). (harvard.edu)
- Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of pheochromocytoma in 6 cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). (harvard.edu)
- To this end, we administered a large battery of tasks, representing a broad range of cognitive domains, to a population of captive cotton-top tamarin monkeys (Saguinus oedipus). (harvard.edu)
- During the last century, the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) has been threatened by multiple anthropogenic factors that drastically affected their habitat and population size. (ntnu.no)
- The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). (petofparadise.com)
Tamarins2
- Most pied tamarins ( Saguinus bicolor ) live in Manaus, Brazil, inhabiting fragmented patches of forest scattered around urban environments. (sciencenews.org)
- Here we tested the overlooked multimodal shift hypothesis using pied tamarins ( Saguinus bicolor ) as models. (datadryad.org)
Tamarin7
- Red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) at the Dallas World Aquarium. (joelsartore.com)
- A yellow-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) at the Miller Park Zoo. (joelsartore.com)
- nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). (bvsalud.org)
- Three Gram- stain -positive, non- spore -forming, microaerophilic and fructose -6- phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin ( Saguinus imperator). (bvsalud.org)
- Additionally, Spix's moustached tamarin monkeys and the white moustached tamarin (Saguinus mystax), because it has a black body, a brownish back, a white nose, and a white moustache. (petofparadise.com)
- Spix's moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax mystax. (petofparadise.com)
- White-rumped moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax pluto. (petofparadise.com)
Midas1
- Food sharing patterns in three species of callitrichid monkeys (Callithrix jacchus, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Saguinus midas): Individual and species differences. (uzh.ch)
Leucopus1
- In the present study, four Saguinus leucopus specimens were dissected, two males and two females, whose spinal cords were extracted and histologically processed via hematoxylin and eosin stains of cuts at the conus medullaris. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Fuscicollis1
- Saguinus fuscicollis nigrifrons. (bvsalud.org)
Monkeys1
- Moreover, the saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (SaHV-1) can cause severe disease upon transmission to marmosets (callithrix spp), tamarines (saguinus spp) and owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus). (dpz.eu)
Cebidae1
- Cebidae Saguinus spp. (j-monkey.jp)
Bicolor1
- Here we tested the overlooked multimodal shift hypothesis using pied tamarins ( Saguinus bicolor ) as models. (datadryad.org)
Marmoset1
- Johnson, DR, Peterson, DA & Wolfe, LGF 1976, ' Studies of circulating T lymphocytes in marmoset monkeys (Saguinus fuscicollis) experimentally infected with non B human hepatitis ', Federation Proceedings , vol. 35, no. 3, pp. no. 1030. (nebraska.edu)
Fuscicollis weddelli1
- Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli (S. (morphobank.org)
Captive2
- STORRE: Effect of colour vision status on insect prey capture efficiency of captive and wild tamarins (Saguinus spp. (stir.ac.uk)
- Smith AC, Surridge AK, Prescott MJ, Osorio D, Mundy N & Buchanan-Smith HM (2012) Effect of colour vision status on insect prey capture efficiency of captive and wild tamarins (Saguinus spp. (stir.ac.uk)
Groups1
- We examined whether colour vision status affected insect capture in groups of tamarins (Saguinus spp. (stir.ac.uk)