Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins. Medical search

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.

A glycoside hydrolase found primarily in PLANTS and YEASTS. It has specificity for beta-D-fructofuranosides such as SUCROSE.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Genes that have a suppressor allele or suppressor mutation (SUPPRESSION, GENETIC) which cancels the effect of a previous mutation, enabling the wild-type phenotype to be maintained or partially restored. For example, amber suppressors cancel the effect of an AMBER NONSENSE MUTATION.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A set of nuclear proteins in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE that are required for the transcriptional repression of the silent mating type loci. They mediate the formation of silenced CHROMATIN and repress both transcription and recombination at other loci as well. They are comprised of 4 non-homologous, interacting proteins, Sir1p, Sir2p, Sir3p, and Sir4p. Sir2p, an NAD-dependent HISTONE DEACETYLASE, is the founding member of the family of SIRTUINS.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Fungal genes that mostly encode TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. In some FUNGI they also encode PHEROMONES and PHEROMONE RECEPTORS. The transcription factors control expression of specific proteins that give a cell its mating identity. Opposite mating type identities are required for mating.

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.

An order of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota that multiply by budding. They include the telomorphic ascomycetous yeasts which are found in a very wide range of habitats.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

An ascomycetous yeast of the fungal family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.

A protein kinase encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC28 gene and required for progression from the G1 PHASE to the S PHASE in the CELL CYCLE.

Cells, usually bacteria or yeast, which have partially lost their cell wall, lost their characteristic shape and become round.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.

A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).

Protein factors released from one species of YEAST that are selectively toxic to another species of yeast.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A sirtuin family member found primarily in the CYTOPLASM. It is a multifunctional enzyme that contains a NAD-dependent deacetylase activity that is specific for HISTONES and a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

An enzyme that converts UDP glucosamine into chitin and UDP. EC 2.4.1.16.

Proteins obtained from the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

A carboxypeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal amino acid with a broad specificity. It also plays a role in the LYSOSOMES by protecting BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and NEURAMINIDASE from degradation. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.12.1 and EC 3.4.21.13.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of mannose from a nucleoside diphosphate mannose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. The group includes EC 2.4.1.32, EC 2.4.1.48, EC 2.4.1.54, and EC 2.4.1.57.

The study, utilization, and manipulation of those microorganisms capable of economically producing desirable substances or changes in substances, and the control of undesirable microorganisms.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Organisms whose GENOME has been changed by a GENETIC ENGINEERING technique.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS from SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. It is involved in morphological events related to the cell cycle. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A DNA-binding protein that mediates DNA REPAIR of double strand breaks, and HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.

A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.

A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.

An alkylating agent in cancer therapy that may also act as a mutagen by interfering with and causing damage to DNA.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

A linear polysaccharide of beta-1->4 linked units of ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE. It is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth, found especially in INSECTS and FUNGI. When deacetylated it is called CHITOSAN.

RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.

Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate DNA strands.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Multisubunit enzymes that reversibly synthesize ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. They are coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha,alpha-trehalose and water to D-glucose. EC 3.2.1.28.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A family of pheromone receptors that were initially discovered in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE as proteins necessary for fungal conjugation. Each mating factor receptor is expressed in HAPLOID CELLS of a single mating type.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in 1,3-beta-D-glucans including laminarin, paramylon, and pachyman.

A group of enzymes catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. They include members of EC 3.1.21.-, EC 3.1.22.-, EC 3.1.23.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), EC 3.1.24.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), and EC 3.1.25.-.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the formation of galactose 1-phosphate and ADP from ATP and D-galactose. Galactosamine can also act as the acceptor. A deficiency of this enzyme results in GALACTOSEMIA. EC 2.7.1.6.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI.

Proteins which are synthesized in eukaryotic organisms and bacteria in response to hyperthermia and other environmental stresses. They increase thermal tolerance and perform functions essential to cell survival under these conditions.

The asymmetrical segregation of genes during replication which leads to the production of non-reciprocal recombinant strands and the apparent conversion of one allele into another. Thus, e.g., the meiotic products of an Aa individual may be AAAa or aaaA instead of AAaa, i.e., the A allele has been converted into the a allele or vice versa.

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Microbodies which occur in animal and plant cells and in certain fungi and protozoa. They contain peroxidase, catalase, and allied enzymes. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

A class of enzymes that form a thioester bond to UBIQUITIN with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES. They transfer ubiquitin to the LYSINE of a substrate protein with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES.

Multicomponent ribonucleoprotein structures found in the CYTOPLASM of all cells, and in MITOCHONDRIA, and PLASTIDS. They function in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS via GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the internal bonds and thereby the formation of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides from ribo- or deoxyribonucleotide chains. EC 3.1.-.

Methods and techniques used to genetically modify cells' biosynthetic product output and develop conditions for growing the cells as BIOREACTORS.

A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one molecule of the long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine (4-sphingenine) or one of its derivatives, one molecule of a long-chain acid, a polar head alcohol and sometimes phosphoric acid in diester linkage at the polar head group. (Lehninger et al, Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd ed)

The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.13.-, EC 3.1.14.-, EC 3.1.15.-, and EC 3.1.16.-. EC 3.1.-

Those genes found in an organism which are necessary for its viability and normal function.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.

A Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) binds the ste20 kinase Misshapen and activates Jun kinase. (1/25200)

Two families of protein kinases that are closely related to Ste20 in their kinase domain have been identified - the p21-activated protein kinase (Pak) and SPS1 families [1-3]. In contrast to Pak family members, SPS1 family members do not bind and are not activated by GTP-bound p21Rac and Cdc42. We recently placed a member of the SPS1 family, called Misshapen (Msn), genetically upstream of the c-Jun amino-terminal (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase module in Drosophila [4]. The failure to activate JNK in Drosophila leads to embryonic lethality due to the failure of these embryos to stimulate dorsal closure [5-8]. Msn probably functions as a MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase in Drosophila, activating the JNK pathway via an, as yet, undefined MAP kinase kinase kinase. We have identified a Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor, DTRAF1, by screening for Msn-interacting proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system. In contrast to the mammalian TRAFs that have been shown to activate JNK, DTRAF1 lacks an amino-terminal 'Ring-finger' domain, and overexpression of a truncated DTRAF1, consisting of only its TRAF domain, activates JNK. We also identified another DTRAF, DTRAF2, that contains an amino-terminal Ring-finger domain. Msn specifically binds the TRAF domain of DTRAF1 but not that of DTRAF2. In Drosophila, DTRAF1 is thus a good candidate for an upstream molecule that regulates the JNK pathway by interacting with, and activating, Msn. Consistent with this idea, expression of a dominant-negative Msn mutant protein blocks the activation of JNK by DTRAF1. Furthermore, coexpression of Msn with DTRAF1 leads to the synergistic activation of JNK. We have extended some of these observations to the mammalian homolog of Msn, Nck-interacting kinase (NIK), suggesting that TRAFs also play a critical role in regulating Ste20 kinases in mammals. (+info)

Vac1p coordinates Rab and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in Vps45p-dependent vesicle docking/fusion at the endosome. (2/25200)

The vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates transport of vacuolar protein precursors from the late Golgi to the lysosome-like vacuole. Sorting of some vacuolar proteins occurs via a prevacuolar endosomal compartment and mutations in a subset of VPS genes (the class D VPS genes) interfere with the Golgi-to-endosome transport step. Several of the encoded proteins, including Pep12p/Vps6p (an endosomal target (t) SNARE) and Vps45p (a Sec1p homologue), bind each other directly [1]. Another of these proteins, Vac1p/Pep7p/Vps19p, associates with Pep12p and binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), the product of the Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) [1] [2]. Here, we demonstrate that Vac1p genetically and physically interacts with the activated, GTP-bound form of Vps21p, a Rab GTPase that functions in Golgi-to-endosome transport, and with Vps45p. These results implicate Vac1p as an effector of Vps21p and as a novel Sec1p-family-binding protein. We suggest that Vac1p functions as a multivalent adaptor protein that ensures the high fidelity of vesicle docking and fusion by integrating both phosphoinositide (Vps34p) and GTPase (Vps21p) signals, which are essential for Pep12p- and Vps45p-dependent targeting of Golgi-derived vesicles to the prevacuolar endosome. (+info)

B-MYB transactivates its own promoter through SP1-binding sites. (3/25200)

B-MYB is an ubiquitous protein required for mammalian cell growth. In this report we show that B-MYB transactivates its own promoter through a 120 bp segment proximal to the transcription start site. The B-MYB-responsive element does not contain myb-binding sites and gel-shift analysis shows that SP1, but not B-MYB, protein contained in SAOS2 cell extracts binds to the 120 bp B-myb promoter fragment. B-MYB-dependent transactivation is cooperatively increased in the presence of SP1, but not SP3 overexpression. When the SP1 elements of the B-myb promoter are transferred in front of a heterologous promoter, an increased response to B-MYB results. In contrast, c-MYB, the prototype member of the Myb family, is not able to activate the luciferase construct containing the SP1 elements. With the use of an SP1-GAL4 fusion protein, we have determined that the cooperative activation occurs through the domain A of SP1. These observations suggest that B-MYB functions as a coactivator of SP1, and that diverse combinations of myb and SP1 sites may dictate the responsiveness of myb-target genes to the various members of the myb family. (+info)

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (4/25200)

Cell division in a number of eukaryotes, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is achieved through a medially placed actomyosin-based contractile ring. Although several components of the actomyosin ring have been identified, the mechanisms regulating ring assembly are still not understood. Here, we show by biochemical and mutational studies that the S.pombe actomyosin ring component Cdc4p is a light chain associated with Myo2p, a myosin II heavy chain. Localization of Myo2p to the medial ring depended on Cdc4p function, whereas localization of Cdc4p at the division site was independent of Myo2p. Interestingly, the actin-binding and motor domains of Myo2p are not required for its accumulation at the division site although the motor activity of Myo2p is essential for assembly of a normal actomyosin ring. The initial assembly of Myo2p and Cdc4p at the division site requires a functional F-actin cytoskeleton. Once established, however, F-actin is not required for the maintenance of Cdc4p and Myo2p medial rings, suggesting that the attachment of Cdc4p and Myo2p to the division site involves proteins other than actin itself. (+info)

The exocyst is an effector for Sec4p, targeting secretory vesicles to sites of exocytosis. (5/25200)

Polarized secretion requires proper targeting of secretory vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane. Here we report that the exocyst complex plays a key role in vesicle targeting. Sec15p, an exocyst component, can associate with secretory vesicles and interact specifically with the rab GTPase, Sec4p, in its GTP-bound form. A chain of protein-protein interactions leads from Sec4p and Sec15p on the vesicle, through various subunits of the exocyst, to Sec3p, which marks the sites of exocytosis on the plasma membrane. Sec4p may control the assembly of the exocyst. The exocyst may therefore function as a rab effector system for targeted secretion. (+info)

Cooperative binding of heat shock factor to the yeast HSP82 promoter in vivo and in vitro. (6/25200)

Previous work has shown that heat shock factor (HSF) plays a central role in remodeling the chromatin structure of the yeast HSP82 promoter via constitutive interactions with its high-affinity binding site, heat shock element 1 (HSE1). The HSF-HSE1 interaction is also critical for stimulating both basal (noninduced) and induced transcription. By contrast, the function of the adjacent, inducibly occupied HSE2 and -3 is unknown. In this study, we examined the consequences of mutations in HSE1, HSE2, and HSE3 on HSF binding and transactivation. We provide evidence that in vivo, HSF binds to these three sites cooperatively. This cooperativity is seen both before and after heat shock, is required for full inducibility, and can be recapitulated in vitro on both linear and supercoiled templates. Quantitative in vitro footprinting reveals that occupancy of HSE2 and -3 by Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSF (ScHSF) is enhanced approximately 100-fold through cooperative interactions with the HSF-HSE1 complex. HSE1 point mutants, whose basal transcription is virtually abolished, are functionally compensated by cooperative interactions with HSE2 and -3 following heat shock, resulting in robust inducibility. Using a competition binding assay, we show that the affinity of recombinant HSF for the full-length HSP82 promoter is reduced nearly an order of magnitude by a single-point mutation within HSE1, paralleling the effect of these mutations on noninduced transcript levels. We propose that the remodeled chromatin phenotype previously shown for HSE1 point mutants (and lost in HSE1 deletion mutants) stems from the retention of productive, cooperative interactions between HSF and its target binding sites. (+info)

The histone acetylase PCAF is a phorbol-ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF family that confers enhanced interferon responsiveness. (7/25200)

Transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family bind to the type I interferon (IFN)-responsive element (ISRE) and activate transcription from IFN-inducible genes. To identify cofactors that associate with IRF proteins, DNA affinity binding assays were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from tissue culture cells. The results demonstrated that the endogenous IRFs bound to the ISRE are complexed with the histone acetylases, PCAF, GCN5, and p300/CREB binding protein and that histone acetylase activities are accumulated on the IRF-ISRE complexes. By testing recombinant proteins, we show that PCAF directly binds to some but not all members of the IRF family through distinct domains of the two proteins. This interaction was functionally significant, since transfection of PCAF strongly enhanced IRF-1- and IRF-2-dependent promoter activities. Further studies showed that expression of PCAF and other histone acetylases was markedly induced in U937 cells upon phorbol ester treatment, which led to increased recruitment of PCAF to the IRF-ISRE complexes. Coinciding with the induction of histone acetylases, phorbol ester markedly enhanced IFN-alpha-stimulated gene expression in U937 cells. Supporting the role for PCAF in conferring IFN responsiveness, transfection of PCAF into U937 cells led to a large increase in IFN-alpha-inducible promoter activity. These results demonstrate that PCAF is a phorbol ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF proteins which contributes to the establishment of type I IFN responsiveness. (+info)

The 3'-->5' exonucleases of DNA polymerases delta and epsilon and the 5'-->3' exonuclease Exo1 have major roles in postreplication mutation avoidance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (8/25200)

Replication fidelity is controlled by DNA polymerase proofreading and postreplication mismatch repair. We have genetically characterized the roles of the 5'-->3' Exo1 and the 3'-->5' DNA polymerase exonucleases in mismatch repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using various genetic backgrounds and highly sensitive mutation detection systems that are based on long and short homonucleotide runs. Genetic interactions were examined among DNA polymerase epsilon (pol2-4) and delta (pol3-01) mutants defective in 3'-->5' proofreading exonuclease, mutants defective in the 5'-->3' exonuclease Exo1, and mismatch repair mutants (msh2, msh3, or msh6). These three exonucleases play an important role in mutation avoidance. Surprisingly, the mutation rate in an exo1 pol3-01 mutant was comparable to that in an msh2 pol3-01 mutant, suggesting that they participate directly in postreplication mismatch repair as well as in other DNA metabolic processes. (+info)

Gardasil's proteins are synthesized by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its protein makeup allows it to target four types of ... One such method is a vaccine based on the minor capsid protein L2, which is highly conserved across HPV genotypes.[180] Efforts ... Every subunit of the virus is composed of two proteins molecules, L1 and L2. The reason why this virus has the capability to ... The HPV vaccines are based on hollow virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled from recombinant HPV coat proteins. The virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV_vaccines

... p is one of many helicase proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rrm3p a DNA helicase that unwinds DNA in a 5'-to-3' ... Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast) - RRM3 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2017- ... "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Helicase Rrm3p Facilitates Replication Past Nonhistone Protein-DNA Complexes". Molecular Cell. 12 ... "RRM3 Rrm3p [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-25. Torres, Jorge Z.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RRM3

"Removal of frameshift intermediates by mismatch repair proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Molecular and Cellular Biology. ... This leads to a premature stop codon, shortening the protein that is supposed to be transcribed. When the protein is able to ... aligns a protein against a DNA sequence allowing frameshifts and introns FastY - compare a DNA sequence to a protein sequence ... An incorrectly made protein can have detrimental effects on cell viability and in most cases cause the higher organism to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frameshift_mutation

de la Cruz J, Kressler D, Linder P (May 1999). "Unwinding RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DEAD-box proteins and related ... DExD/H proteins have also been found to be required components in pre- mRNA splicing, in particular the DEAH proteins, Prp2, ... As shown in the figure, DEAD box proteins are needed in the initial steps of spliceosome formation, while DEAH box proteins are ... but DEAD box proteins use ATP and DEAH does not. DEAD box proteins are considered to be RNA helicases and many have been found ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEAD_box

"RNase H2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a complex of three proteins". Nucleic Acids Research. 32 (2): 407-14. doi:10.1093/nar/ ... The S. cerevisiae homolog of the E. coli protein (that is, the H2A subunit) was easily identifiable by bioinformatics when the ... Crouch RJ, Arudchandran A, Cerritelli SM (2001-01-01). "RNase H1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: methods and nomenclature". ... The B subunit mediates protein-protein interactions between the H2 complex and PCNA, which localizes H2 to replication foci. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_H

"The predominant protein-arginine methyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (21): 12585-94. doi: ... Proteins in eukaryotic transcription. Advances in Protein Chemistry. 67. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 201-222. doi: ... As indicated by their monikers, these differ in the presence of a SET domain, which is a type of protein domain. Human genes ... A possible homolog of Dot1 was found in archaea which shows the ability to methylate archaeal histone-like protein in recent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methyltransferase

"Identification of novel filament-forming proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster". The Journal of Cell ... These include bacteria (C. crescentus), yeast (S. cerevisiae), fruit flies (D. melanogaster) and human cells. These filamentous ... a nucleotide-regulated glutamine amidotransferase/ATP-dependent amidoligase fusion protein and homologue of anticancer and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTP_synthetase

"Nuclear and nucleolar localization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal proteins S22 and S25". FEBS Letters. 452 (3): 335-40. ... Phyre2 found the most similar protein to be the human protein NDC80 kinetochore complex component, a nuclear protein that binds ... signaling proteins, and protein degradation; in fact, the older group has the higher expression of FAM98A in low protein diets ... in both young and old men with high or low protein diets, the expression levels were measured as a ratio of low/high protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM98A

"Nuclear and nucleolar localisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal proteins S22 and S25". FEBS Lett. 452 (3): 335-40. doi ... Using a protein called nucleoplasmin, the archetypal 'molecular chaperone', they identified a domain in the protein that acts ... This was made possible by the demonstration that nuclear protein import is a two-step process; the nuclear protein binds to the ... Ray M, Tang R, Jiang Z, Rotello VM (2015). "Quantitative tracking of protein trafficking to the nucleus using cytosolic protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_localization_sequence

"Shelterin-Like Proteins and Yku Inhibit Nucleolytic Processing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomeres". PLoS Genetics. 6 (5): ... cerevisiae by recruitment of protein kinases Mec1 and Tel1 and in mammals by recruitment of protein kinases ATR and ATM. ... The two major protein complexes that bind to telomeric DNA in S. cerevisiae are (1) the Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1 (CST) complex, which ... Initial work on the role of telomere-bound protein complexes in S. cerevisiae elucidated the mechanism by which these complexes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle

"Identification of novel filament-forming proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster". The Journal of Cell ... These families have been documented in dozens of different protein and protein family databases such as Pfam. Enzymes are ... Hunter T (January 1995). "Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling". Cell. ... argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis. In 1926, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme

... is a cytosolic protein found in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) which plays a role in the regulation of several cellular ... "Membrane properties modulate the activity of a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... "Crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein". Nature. 391 (6666): 506-10. doi: ... From this, functional Sec14p likely plays a role in some pathway responsible for cellular export of certain proteins. Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec14

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEDD8 gene. (In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this protein is known as Rub1.) ... This ubiquitin-like protein (ULP), becomes covalently conjugated to a limited number of cellular proteins in a manner analogous ... Pan ZQ, Kentsis A, Dias DC, Yamoah K, Wu K (March 2004). "Nedd8 on cullin: building an expressway to protein destruction". ... Kumar S, Yoshida Y, Noda M (August 1993). "Cloning of a cDNA which encodes a novel ubiquitin-like protein". Biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEDD8

September 2012). "Interaction landscape of membrane-protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Nature. 489 (7417): 585-9. ... "Epigenetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Epigenetics. 1. Cold Spring Harbor Press, 2007. Morgan, David O. (2007). The Cell ... S. cerevisiae has 16 chromosomes, S. pombe has 3. S. cerevisiae is often diploid while S. pombe is usually haploid. S. pombe ... Conversely, S. cerevisiae has well-developed peroxisomes, while S. pombe does not. S. cerevisiae has small point centromere of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizosaccharomyces_pombe

November 2010). "A systematic screen for protein-lipid interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Mol. Syst. Biol. 6 (1): 430. ... "Crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein". Nature. 391 (6666): 506-10. doi: ... This domain is named after cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) and TRIO guanine exchange factor. CRALB protein ... Other members of the family are alpha-tocopherol transfer protein and phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein (Sec14). They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAL-TRIO_domain

Hardwick, KG; Pelham, HR (April 25, 1990). "ERS1 a seven transmembrane domain protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Nucleic ... All proteins in the LCT family are distantly related to the proteins of the microbial rhodopsin (MR) family (TC #3.E.1), an ... These proteins are found in intracellular organelles of eukaryotes, many in lysosomes. The few that have been characterized ... Kalatzis, V; Cherqui, S; Antignac, C; Gasnier, B (November 1, 2001). "Cystinosin, the protein defective in cystinosis, is a H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosomal_cystine_transporter_family

"Evolutionary relationship and secondary structure predictions in four transport proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J. Mol. ... Vandenbol M, Grenson M, Jauniaux JC (1989). "Nucleotide sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PUT4 proline-permease-encoding ... A number of such proteins have been found to be evolutionary related. These proteins contain 12 transmembrane segments. Amino ... Protein Sci. 2 (1): 20-30. doi:10.1002/pro.5560020103. PMC 2142299. PMID 8382989. This article incorporates text from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_permease

Z-DNA binding protein 1, also known as Zuotin, is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast gene. Zuo1 has been identified in vitro as a ... a putative Z-DNA binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". The EMBO Journal. 11 (10): 3787-96. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992 ... "Transfer RNA binding protein in the nucleus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". FEBS Letters. 349 (2): 260-4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793( ... Zuotin and related proteins contain a unique Zuotin homology domain (ZHD). It associates with the Hsp70 family Ssz1 to form a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuotin

ExPASy Tools [3][non-primary source needed] [A Novel Solution NMR Structure of Protein yst0336 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... March 2006). "Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Nature. 440 (7084): 637-43. doi: ... A Novel Solution NMR Structure of Protein yst0336 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/ ... Furthermore, multiple proteins were involved in ubiquitination. Some of the interacting yeast proteins with the higher ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBDC1

This gene encodes a protein related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nhp2p. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have ... The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the DKC1, NOLA1 and NOLA3 proteins. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins localize to the dense ... H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NHP2 gene. This gene is a member of the ... Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. The four H/ACA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOLA2

... a putative Z-DNA binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". The EMBO Journal. 10: 3787-3796. Zhang, S (April 15, 1993). " ... His discovery in Alexander Rich's laboratory that the yeast protein Zuotin spontaneously self-assembles to form a macroscopic ... Arnaud, Celia (August 29, 2018). "Following a code for swapping amino acids makes membrane proteins water soluble". Chemical & ... Trafton, Anne (August 28, 2018). "Scientists alter membrane proteins to make them easier to study". Phys.org.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuguang_Zhang

The protein is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces the Vts1 impacts vesicular transport ... Protein-protein interactions through SAM domains participate in different regulatory activities such as signal transduction. ... Proteins having such domains were also shown to recognize and interact with RNA structures of similar shape to the Smaug ... Bork P, Ponting CP, Hofmann K, Schultz J (1997). "SAM as a protein interaction domain involved in developmental regulation". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vts1

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae NatA acetyltransferase interacts with the Sup35p protein. It is involved in the reaction of the [ ... "Properties of Nat4, an N{alpha}-Acetyltransferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae That Modifies N Termini of Histones H2A and H4 - ... This acetyl group is added to the front end, or N-terminus of the new protein. Forty percent of all proteins in the yeast ... NatA Acetyltransferase is not a single protein but a complex of three subunits. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatA_acetyltransferase

Rempola B, Karkusiewicz I, Piekarska I, Rytka J (2006). "Fcf1p and Fcf2p are novel nucleolar Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins ... Deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal-interacting protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DNTTIP2 gene. DNTTIP2 ... 2004). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase forms a ternary complex with a novel chromatin remodeling protein with 82 kDa and ... "Entrez Gene: DNTTIP2 deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal, interacting protein 2". Soares-da-Silva P, Fernandes MH (1992). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNTTIP2

Jiang W, Koltin Y (1996). "Two-hybrid interaction of a human UBC9 homolog with centromere proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... For example, sumoylation may affect a protein's localization in the cell, its ability to interact with other proteins or DNA. ... SENP proteases can remove SUMO from sumoylated proteins, freeing it to be used in further sumoylation reactions. The protein ... Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. The UBC9 protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBE2I

"Fcf1p and Fcf2p are novel nucleolar Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins involved in pre-rRNA processing". Biochem Biophys Res ... rRNA-processing protein FCF1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCF1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs ... "Entrez Gene: FCF1 FCF1 small subunit (SSU) processome component homolog (S. cerevisiae)". Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, et al ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCF1

"The PhosphoGRID Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein phosphorylation site database: version 2.0 update". Database. 2013: bat026. ... a database of experimentally verified in vivo protein phosphorylation sites from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae". ... The BioGRID's original focus was on curation of binary protein-protein and genetic interactions, but has expanded over several ... The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) is a curated biological database of protein-protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioGRID

Many early studies, especially in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrated that the protein plays a key role in ... "Systematic identification of protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by mass spectrometry". Nature. 415 (6868): 180-183. ... Also, while the protein regulates the Cdk1 ortholog of S. pombe, this occurs through a process unlike that of S. cerevisiae; it ... In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the species in which Cdc14 activity is best understood and most-studied, the activity of Cdc14 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdc14

... is a serine/threonine protein kinase first identified in genetic screens of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein is bound ... Roberts BT, Farr KA, Hoyt MA (Dec 1994). "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint gene BUB1 encodes a novel protein kinase". ... The mitotic checkpoint kinase is evolutionarily conserved in organisms as diverse as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans. Loss- ... The N-terminal region mediates binding of Hs-BUB1 to the mitotic kinetochore protein blinkin (a protein also commonly referred ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUB1

"FK506-binding protein proline rotamase is a target for the immunosuppressive agent FK506 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Proc ... "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Mol Cell Biol. 19 (7 ... Pioneering research with the model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae discovered TOR and FKBP12 as the targets of the ... G protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 is a nutrient sensor that regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heitman

Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 釀酒酵母 12,000,000 5,538 Caenorhabditis elegans. 秀麗隱杆線蟲 97,000,000 18,250 ... non-protein-coding genes, and chromosomal structural elements) under selection for biological function.. " Mouse Genome ... This proportion is much higher than can be explained by protein-coding sequences alone, implying that the genome contains many ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/人類基因組

... protein N-myristoyltransferase cause temperature-sensitive myristic acid auxotrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Proc Natl ... 1985). "Amino terminal myristylation of the protein kinase p60src, a retroviral transforming protein". Science. 227 (4685): 427 ... 1990). "Myristoylation of gag proteins of HIV-1 plays an important role in virus assembly". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 6 (6 ... Tashiro A, Shoji S, Kubota Y (1990). "Antimyristoylation of the gag proteins in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-myristoyltransferase_1

... 's antifungal properties has been seen with fungus such as Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ... Histatins are antimicrobial proteins found in saliva.[1] Function[edit]. Histatins are antimicrobial and antifungal proteins, ... Salivary proteins as a defense against dietary tannins. Shimada T. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2006 Jun;32(6):1149-63. ... "Histatins, a novel family of histidine-rich proteins in human parotid secretion. Isolation, characterization, primary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histatin

Song, L. (2006). „A soluble form of phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of converting farnesyl diphosphate into E,E ... Eric J. Toone (2006). Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Protein Evolution (Volume 75 изд.). Wiley- ... Nicholas C. Price; Lewis Stevens (1999). Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins ( ... Branden C; Tooze J. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York, NY: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-2305-0.. ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnezilna_difosfataza

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, de 12 Mbps),[64] e en 1997 co xenoma de Escherichia coli (4,7 Mbps),[65] en 1998 co primeiro xenoma ... "A structural perspective on protein-protein interactions" (PDF). Current Opinion in Structural Biology 14. Páxs. 313-324. ... "Protein Engineering 7 (7). ISSN 1741-0134, Páxs. 841-848.. *↑ 70,0 70,1 Thompson, J. D.; et al. (1994). "CLUSTAL W: improving ... 2005). Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins (en inglés) (third edition ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0- ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloxía_computacional

Shinohara A, Ogawa H, Ogawa T (May 1992). "Rad51 protein involved in repair and recombination in S. cerevisiae is a RecA-like ... In budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the paralogs Rad55 and Rad57 are present, which form a complex that associates with ... protein C-terminus binding. • protein binding. • four-way junction DNA binding. • identical protein binding. • ... This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA, BRCA2, PALB2[10] and RAD52. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad51

Saccharomyces cerevisiae). β-glucans found in the cell walls of yeast contain a 1,3 carbon backbone with elongated 1,6 carbon ... In addition, these side-chains can be attached to other types of molecules, like proteins, as in polysaccharide-K. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-glucans

Burum: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (burum pobi). Cyfeiriadau[golygu , golygu cod y dudalen]. *↑ "Ensembl 2011". Nucleic Acids Res ... Opsiwn arall yw anodiad awtomatig - defnyddio pŵer cyfrifiadurol i gymharu dilyniannau protein a DNA. ...

https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl

TATA-binding protein (TBP) can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for RNA polymerase II, or by TFIID.[11] When ... cerevisiae, the TATA box has a variable position which can range from 40 to 100 bp upstream of the start site. The TATA box is ... one study found that various Saccharomyces genomes had the consensus sequence 5'-TATA(A/T)A(A/T)(A/G)-3', yet only about 20% of ... "TATA-binding protein recognition and bending of a consensus promoter are protein species dependent". Biochemistry. 47 (27): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TATA_box

"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Set1 complex includes an Ash2 homologue and methylates histone 3 lysine 4". The EMBO Journal. 20 ( ... who believed that transcription was activated by protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions on largely naked DNA templates, ... Nuclear protein Ataxia-Telangiectasia (NPAT), also known as nuclear protein coactivator of histone transcription, is a ... The first step of chromatin structure duplication is the synthesis of histone proteins: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. These proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_modification

In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, squalene epoxidase is localized to both the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Only ... the ER localized protein is active. Squalene epoxidase also catalyzes the formation of diepoxysqualene (DOS). DOS is converted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene_monooxygenase

De novo origination of a new protein-coding gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2008, 179 (1): 487-496. PMC 2390625. ... Hubby, J. L. Protein Differences in Drosophila. I. Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 1963, 48 (6): 871-879. PMC 1210521. PMID ... Knowles DG, McLysaght A. Recent de novo origin of human protein-coding genes. Genome Res. 2009, 19 (10): 1752-1759. PMC 2765279 ... 编) In: Bryson, V. and Vogel, H.J. Evolving genes and proteins. Academic Press, New-York. 1964: 479-496.. ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/分子演化

Knockout or null mutations in SOD1 are highly detrimental to aerobic growth in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ... identified a protein that later became known as superoxide dismutase as an indophenol oxidase by protein analysis of starch ... In wild-type S. cerevisiae, DNA damage rates increased 3-fold with age, but more than 5-fold in mutants deleted for either the ... SOD1 is an extremely stable protein. In the holo form (both copper and zinc bound) the melting point is , 90 °C. In the apo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgotein

The flip recombinase (or FLP) is a gene from the commonly studied yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which recognizes "flip ... The resulting BLM protein is defective. the defect in RecQ an helicase facilitates the defective unwinding of DNA during ... commonly the green fluorescent protein or GFP) and an allele of a gene to be studied (both on chromosomes bearing FRT sites). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaicism

No lévedo Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH4 e MSH5 actúan especificamente para facilitar sobrecruzamentos entre cromosomas ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173-8. PMID 16189514. doi: ... "Cloning and characterization of the human and Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH5 gene". ... "Cloning and characterization of the human and Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH5 gene". ...

https://gl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSH4

Many different organisms are used as models for studying ALS, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a species of yeast),[79] ... There are a number of ALS genes that encode for RNA-binding proteins. The first to be discovered was TDP-43 protein,[35] a ... Cellular models used to study ALS include the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rat or mouse motor neurons in culture. Small- ... Mutant SOD1 protein forms intracellular aggregations that inhibit protein degradation. Cytoplasmic aggregations of wild-type ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig's_disease

"Dissection of the assembly pathway of the proteasome lid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... The protein degradation processEdit. Ribbon diagram of ubiquitin, the highly conserved protein that serves as a molecular tag ... Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks ... Proteins are tagged for degradation with a small protein called ubiquitin. The tagging reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome

"Prevalent positive epistasis in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic networks". Nature Genetics. 42 (3): 272 ... Similarly, at the protein level, proteins that function as dimers may form a heterodimer composed of one protein from each ... This occurs when the amino acids within a protein interact. Due to the complexity of protein folding and activity, additive ... are separate components of a multi-component protein (such as the ribosome), inhibit each other's activity, or if the protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistasis

"Identification of novel filament-forming proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster". 》The Journal of ... Hunter T (January 1995). "Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling". 》Cell》 ... Protein structure and function》. London: New Science. 27쪽. ISBN 978-1405119221. .. ... Anfinsen CB (July 1973). "Principles that govern the folding of protein chains". 》Science》 181 (4096): 223-30. Bibcode:1973Sci ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/효소

The first autophagy genes were identified by genetic screens conducted in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[8][9][10] ... WIPI2, a PtdIns(3)P binding protein of the WIPI (WD-repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides) protein family, was ... Without efficient autophagy, neurons gather ubiquitinated protein aggregates and degrade. Ubiquitinated proteins are proteins ... This allows unneeded proteins to be degraded and the amino acids recycled for the synthesis of proteins that are essential for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy_

Rajmohan R, Meng L, Yu S, Thanabalu T (April 2006). "WASP suppresses the growth defect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae las17Delta ... protein binding. • identical protein binding. • actin binding. • protein kinase binding. • small GTPase binding. • Rac GTPase ... "The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-interacting protein (WIP) binds to the adaptor protein Nck". The Journal of Biological ... The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) is a 502-amino acid protein expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. In the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskott-Aldrich_syndrome_protein

... complement of protein kinases of the microsporidium Encephalitozoon cuniculi in relation to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...

https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryot

Lethal concentrations of puromycin are much higher for strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae than mammalian cell lines. Deletion ... As puromycin inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, researchers were able to show that injections of this drug will ... Starck SR, Green HM, Alberola-Ila J, Roberts RW (2004). "A general approach to detect protein expression in vivo using ... Long-term synaptic plasticity, such as is required for memory processes, requires morphological changes at protein level. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puromycin

Kaeberlein M.; McVey M.; Guarente L. (1999). "The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Commonly consumed food components containing calories are carbohydrates, proteins and fat. In preliminary research, some non- ... brain and heart proteins, and mice placed on CR at 19 months of age show an increases in life span.[44] ... "Dietary Protein and Weight Reduction: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Nutrition Committee of the Council on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_restriction

"Construction and analysis of deletions in the amino-terminal extension of glutamine tRNA synthetase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... McClain WH (November 1993). "Rules that govern tRNA identity in protein synthesis". Journal of Molecular Biology. 234 (2): 257- ... For instance, one can start with the gene for a protein that binds a certain sequence of DNA, and, by directing an unnatural ... Both classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are multidomain proteins. In a typical scenario, an aaRS consists of a catalytic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the yeasts in the culture convert some of the sugars to ethanol which can undergo secondary reactions ... Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein[edit]. Some brands of soy sauce are made from acid-hydrolyzed soy protein instead of brewed ... Soy proteins and grain proteins are hydrolyzed into short peptide chain and free amino acids, which adds umami taste to the ... Over time, the Aspergillus mold on the soy and wheat break down the grain proteins into free amino acid and protein fragments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecap

"The predominant protein-arginine methyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (21): 12585-94. doi: ... Advances in Protein Chemistry. 67. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 201-222. doi:10.1016/S0065-3233(04)67008-2. ISBN 0- ... McBride AE, Silver PA (July 2001). "State of the arg: protein methylation at arginine comes of age". Cell. 106 (1): 5-8. doi: ... Protein-Arginine+N-Methyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methyltransferase

Purification of a RAS-responsive adenylyl cyclase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by use of an epitope addition method. ... ein C-terminales Protein-Tag am Protein während der Translation. Gelegentlich muss das Protein-Tag vom Protein nach der ... Zur Erzeugung eines Protein-Tags wird die codierende DNA-Sequenz des Protein-Tags unter Erhalt des Leserasters in die ... A generic protein purification method for protein complex characterization and proteome exploration. . In: Nature Biotechnology ...

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-Tag

"Construction of a human cytochrome c gene and its functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Journal of Biochemistry. ... protein binding. • heme binding. • electron carrier activity. Cellular component. • cytosol. • protein phosphatase type 2A ... Soltys BJ, Gupta RS (2000). "Mitochondrial proteins at unexpected cellular locations: export of proteins from mitochondria from ... "Effect of constitutive 70-kDa heat shock protein polymerization on its interaction with protein substrate". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_C

"Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle". The Journal of Cell Biology. 129 ( ... Motor proteins then push the centrosomes along these microtubules to opposite sides of the cell. Although centrosomes help ... "Sister chromatids are preferred over homologs as substrates for recombinational repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Genetics. ... Volume 15 of Protein Reviews. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 15. ISBN 9781461405146.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis

Transcript/Protein Information [PANTHER Classification System] Transcript/Protein Information. PANTHER Classification System ... The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in ... The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAA97210.1

Tok1p [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C] Tok1p [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]. gi,6322368,ref,NP_012442.1, ... Protein expression data [Model Organism Protein Expres...] Protein expression data. Model Organism Protein Expression Database ... Transcript/Protein Information [PANTHER Classification System] Transcript/Protein Information. PANTHER Classification System ... MODBASE, Database of Comparative Protein Structure Models (Sali Lab/UCSF) [MODBASE, Database of Comparat...] MODBASE, Database ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_012442.1

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C] H(+)-transporting V0 sector ATPase subunit d [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]. gi,398366327,ref ... The Saccharomyces cerevisiae VMA6 gene encodes the 36-kDa subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase membrane sector. [J Biol Chem. ... The Saccharomyces cerevisiae VMA6 gene encodes the 36-kDa subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase membrane sector.. Bauerle C, Ho ... H(+)-transporting V0 sector ATPase subunit d [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]. NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_013552.3 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_013552.3

The DNA damage-dependent checkpoint of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis a paradigm for eukaryotic checkpoint pathways that regulate ... Green C.M., Lowndes N.F. (2004) Purification and Analysis of Checkpoint Protein Complexes From Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: ... The DNA damage-dependent checkpoint of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a paradigm for eukaryotic checkpoint pathways that regulate ... A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1385%2F1-59259-788-2%3A291

Atomic resolution structure of uncharacterized protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Nocek, B., Evdokimova, E., Kudritska, M. ... Atomic resolution structure of uncharacterized protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb3D1P/pdb ... Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: YOR285W. EC: 2.8.1.1 (PDB Primary Data), 2.8.1 (UniProt). ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3d1p

Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Christine Soustelle, Michèle Vedel, ... Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Message Subject (Your Name) has ... Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Christine Soustelle, Michèle Vedel, ... Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Christine Soustelle, Michèle Vedel, ...

http://www.genetics.org/content/161/2/535

In one approach, we constructed a protein array of about 6,000 yeast transformants, with each transfo … ... Two large-scale yeast two-hybrid screens were undertaken to identify protein-protein interactions between full-length open ... reading frames predicted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence. ... A comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nature. 2000 Feb 10;403(6770):623-7. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10688190/?dopt=Abstract

De Novo Origination of a New Protein-Coding Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Jing Cai, Ruoping Zhao, Huifeng Jiang and Wen ... De Novo Origination of a New Protein-Coding Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Jing Cai, Ruoping Zhao, Huifeng Jiang and Wen ... De Novo Origination of a New Protein-Coding Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Jing Cai, Ruoping Zhao, Huifeng Jiang and Wen ... De Novo Origination of a New Protein-Coding Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/179/1/487.abstract?ijkey=395d96133d62000196987d0ca6c971a0d1be6989&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... composed of WW domain-protein interactions that illuminates novel features of WW domain-containing proteins and their protein ... Protein microarrays provide an appealing alternative to existing techniques for the construction of protein interaction ... but the protein interaction partners of many WW domain-containing proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are largely unknown. ... Comparative analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae WW domains and their interacting proteins Genome Biol. 2006;7(4):R30. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16606443/

Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2 and Msh3 repair proteins in double-strand break-induced recombination. Neal Sugawara, ... Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2 and Msh3 repair proteins in double-strand break-induced recombination ... Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2 and Msh3 repair proteins in double-strand break-induced recombination ... Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2 and Msh3 repair proteins in double-strand break-induced recombination ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/94/17/9214?ijkey=58fda1b95c9f43bf033599df04d4fa7fb232535b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakers yeast). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain RM11-1a) (Bakers yeast). Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( ... Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CEN.PK113-7D) (Bakers yeast). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakers yeast). Saccharomyces ... Saccharomyces eubayanus (Yeast). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain RM11-1a) (Bakers yeast). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ... Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain Lalvin QA23) (Bakers yeast). Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii (strain ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/E1AFY9

tr,A7A264,A7A264_YEAS7 Conserved protein OS=Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain YJM789) OX=307796 GN=ECO1 PE=4 SV=1 ... Protein predictedi ,p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the protein ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ... Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain YJM789) (Bakers yeast)Imported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A7A264

Cell Wall Protein Utr2/Crh2p as a Novel Protein Quality Control Mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kelly A. Miller, Louis ... Prm1 Targeting to Contact Sites Enhances Fusion during Mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Valerie N. Olmo, Eric Grote ... C Terminus of Nce102 Determines the Structure and Function of Microdomains in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Plasma Membrane ... The Sin3p PAH Domains Provide Separate Functions Repressing Meiotic Gene Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Michael J. ...

https://ec.asm.org/keyword/saccharomyces-cerevisiae-proteins

Total protein, free of nucleic acids, was extracted from a lysate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the TRIzol reagent as ... Protein Phosphatase Type 1 Directs Chitin Synthesis at the Bud Neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Analysis of phosphorylation sites on proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) mass ... Analysis of phosphorylation sites on proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) mass ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/104/7/2193

The Sec18 protein (Sec18p) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified as a component involved in the vesicular ... two approaches taken with the aim of identifying proteins that interact with Sec18p in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... The protein was C-terminally tagged with a protein A moiety from Staphylococcus aureus containing IgG binding domains. It was ... complexing proteins could not be isolated due to the large amount of non-specific binding of yeast proteins to the protein A ...

http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652121

The protein Blm3 was found associated with the Ump1-associated half proteasome in nuclear extracts of S. cerevisiae. By ... Grundlage dieser Arbeit war die Identifizierung des Proteins Blm3 als Proteasomen-assoziiertes Protein in Kernextrakten aus S. ... As a coordinating protein, Blm3 presumably exerts a regulating effect onto the maturation and, finally, onto the activation of ... Das Protein Blm3 verzögert die Reifung des naszierenden Proteasoms in das maturierte 20S-Proteasom. Blm3 übt vermutlich einen ...

https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/15725

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in ... Protein target information for Nucleoside transporter FUN26 ( ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/P31381

Protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. E K Fuge, E L Braun, M Werner-Washburne ... Protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. E K Fuge, E L Braun, M Werner-Washburne ... Protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. E K Fuge, E L Braun, M Werner-Washburne ... Protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/176/18/5802?ijkey=d8ad6f18d6fef289ee1f798457fb3edbbb8bea8c&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

As these proteins are functionally conserved between budding yeast and mammalian cells, they might also play critical roles in ... Here, we investigate this issue by analyzing the role of evolutionarily conserved telomeric proteins in protecting budding ... We demonstrate that the key telomeric proteins Yku, Rap1, Rif1, and Rif2 inhibit telomere degradation by specifically ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000966

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in ... Protein target information for F-box protein YLR352W ( ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/Q06479

Multiplexed Protein Quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Amine-reactive Isobaric Tagging Reagents. Philip L. Ross, ... Multiplexed Protein Quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Amine-reactive Isobaric Tagging Reagents ... Multiplexed Protein Quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Amine-reactive Isobaric Tagging Reagents ... Multiplexed Protein Quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Amine-reactive Isobaric Tagging Reagents ...

https://www.mcponline.org/content/3/12/1154?ijkey=138f1e38042b6a3209836549d6e096ec6f7e179a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Purpose of work Soluble protein expression is an important first step during various types of protein studies. Here, we present ... Cysteine-to-serine shuffling using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system improves protein secretion: case of a ... Advanced method for high-throughput expression of mutated eukaryotic membrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem ... Here, we proposed a cysteine-to-serine shuffling mutation strategy (CS shuffling) using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10529-010-0399-1

Protein synthesis during transition and stationary phases under glucose limitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. H Boucherie ... Protein synthesis during transition and stationary phases under glucose limitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... Protein synthesis during transition and stationary phases under glucose limitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... Protein synthesis during transition and stationary phases under glucose limitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/161/1/385?ijkey=a75e3100ae796caf94c457d1483401cb8cd4e4b7&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and activation of Ire1p and Hac1p, an ER-stress sensor and ER stress- ... The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and activation of Ire1p and Hac1p, an ER-stress sensor and ER stress- ... and unfolded protein response (UPR) has not been addressed. We herein demonstrated that acetic acid causes ER stress and ... and unfolded protein response (UPR) has not been addressed. We herein demonstrated that acetic acid causes ER stress and ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01192/full

... cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364 and its use as single cell protein.Material and methodsThe single cell protein ... thin-layer chromatography.Results andconclusionThe Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364 produced maximum single cell protein in ... was produced using discarded pineapple peels and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC 364. Optimization of bioprocess variables ( ... substrates for production of commercially important microbial proteins for alarming global issues linked to protein ...

https://www.magiran.com/paper/2036540/?lang=en

Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins Rtt109p and Esc2p : two novel regulators of genome stability ... In the second part of this thesis, I reveal that cells deleted for Saccharomyces cerevisiae ESC2 exhibit synthetic sickness ... I reveal that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109p promotes genome stability and resistance to DNA-damaging agents, and that it ... that esc2Δ mutant cells exhibit increased recombination frequency and increased relocalisation of recombination repair protein ...

http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598656

When comparing yeast and human proteins, it is clear that both amino acid sequences and protein functions are often very well ... One example of the high degree of conservation between human and yeast proteins is highlighted by the members of the RAS family ... The exploitation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biological model for the investigation of complex molecular ... Keywords: RAS proteins; S. cerevisiae; model; homologues; colorectal cancer; autophagy; KRAS RAS proteins; S. cerevisiae; model ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/7/2/14

Eukaryotic transcriptional regulation is complex. Typically, it takes place by cooperative regulation. A number of studies have characterized this aspect i

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5479005/?reload=true&arnumber=5479005&contentType=Conference+Publications

Publications about Experts and Doctors on saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins in St Louis, Missouri, United States ... Ashrafi K, Farazi T, Gordon J. A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid activation protein 4 in regulating protein N- ... Experts and Doctors on saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins in St Louis, Missouri, United States. Summary. Locale: St Louis, ... Flick J, Johnston M. GRR1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for glucose repression and encodes a protein with leucine- ...

http://www.labome.org/locale/united/missouri/experts-and-doctors-on-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-proteins-in-st-louis--missouri--united-states-187888.html

Metalloadsorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing invertase-metallothionein (Suc2-Cup1) fusion protein localized ... Keywords: cell surface engineering, CUP1, invertase, metal adsorption, metallothionein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SUC2 ...

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgam/47/1/47_1_47/_article

The Cdc28 protein kinase functions in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (pnas.org)
In this paper, published in Nature magazine, the authors report, using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a test case, an example of this approach, which they term high-throughput mass spectrometric protein complex identification (HMS-PCI). (visualcomplexity.com)
One function of these structures that has been well-documented in studies conducted in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is to serve as a scaffold that recruits regulatory proteins, which dictate the spatial and temporal control of certain aspects of the cell division cycle. (frontiersin.org)
The asymmetric cell division characteristic of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , requires that the spindle be positioned at the mother-bud neck and oriented along the mother-bud axis. (rupress.org)
The asymmetric cell division characteristic of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae makes spindle positioning essential for propagation. (rupress.org)
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic organism with extensive genetic redundancy. (biomedcentral.com)
The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been an excellent eukaryotic model system for understanding basic cellular processes and metabolic pathways [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a combinatorial approach of yeast synthetic genetic array technology, high-content screening, and machine learning classifiers, we developed an automated platform to characterize protein localization and abundance patterns from images of log phase cells from the open-reading frame−green fluorescent protein collection in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (g3journal.org)
Using the set of 4,728 homozygous diploid deletion mutants in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , we did a functional screen for genes that conferred resistance to ER stress-inducing agents. (aacrjournals.org)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae VMA6 gene encodes the 36-kDa subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase membrane sector. (nih.gov)
To date, generation of large-scale protein?protein interaction maps has relied on the yeast two-hybrid system, which detects binary interactions through activation of reporter gene expression. (visualcomplexity.com)
The inhibitor of galactose catabolic ( GAL ) gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Gal80p, interacts with the activator Gal4p and the signal transducer Gal3p and self-associates. (genetics.org)
CONTROL of the galactose catabolic ( GAL ) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long served as a model for eukaryotic gene regulation. (genetics.org)
The essential CDC25 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most upstream known component of the RAS/adenylate cyclase pathway. (nih.gov)
These proteins have no effect when DSB ends are homologous to the donor, either in the kinetics of recombination or in the proportion of gene conversions associated with crossing-over. (pnas.org)
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , homologous recombination initiated by double-strand breaks (DSBs) can occur by at least two distinct pathways: gene conversion and single-strand annealing (SSA) ( 1 - 6 ). (pnas.org)
We report here experiments showing that Msh2 and Msh3, but not other mismatch repair proteins, are required to remove nonhomologous DNA ends during both the initiation of gene conversion and the resolution of SSA intermediates that are initiated by a DSB. (pnas.org)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
Li X, Burgers P. Cloning and characterization of the essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae RFC4 gene encoding the 37-kDa subunit of replication factor C. J Biol Chem. (labome.org)
A closely related protein, New1, is encoded by a non-essential gene with cold sensitivity and ribosome assembly defect knock-out phenotypes. (diva-portal.org)
The CDC23 gene product contains tandem, imperfect repeats, termed tetratricopeptide repeats, (TPR) units common to a protein family that includes several other nuclear division CDC genes. (asm.org)
As 14-3-3 proteins are key regulators of signal transduction processes, we investigated the effect of deletion of the 14-3-3 genes BMH1 or BMH2 on gene expression during potassium starvation and focused especially on the expression of genes involved in phosphate uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
Presented in this thesis is evidence that the S. cerevisiae SAC1 gene product could represent one aspect of the mechanism for coupling secretory pathway function and actin assembly in yeast. (illinois.edu)
Analysis of the SAC1 gene product revealed that the SAC1p was a 71kD integral membrane protein that exhibited a small cytoplasmic domain. (illinois.edu)
We have isolated ASE1, a gene encoding a component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle midzone. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The OGG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for a DNA glycosylase that excises 7,8-dihydro-8- oxoguanine (8-OxoG) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5- N -methylformamidopyrimidine (Fapy) from damaged DNA. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
van der Kemp PA, Thomas D, Barbey R, de Oliveira R, Boiteux S. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the OGG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which codes for a DNA glycosylase that excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N-methylformamidopyrimidine. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
DNA synthesis in vitro in Brij-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the product of the CDC8 gene (Hereford, L. M. & Hartwell, L. H. (1971) Nature (London) New Biol. (caltech.edu)
The complementation activity from the mutant is thermolabile when compared to the wild-type activity, indicating that CDC8 is the structural gene for the protein. (caltech.edu)
The SNF1 protein kinase complex plays an essential role in regulating gene expression in response to the level of extracellular glucose in budding yeast. (semanticscholar.org)
When the native PSEI gene was expressed under the transcriptional control of the PGK1 promoter in S. cerevisiae, the secreted yields of recombinantly produced Neocallimastix patriciarum Cel6A, Trichoderma reesei Cel7B and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera Cel3A were increased 1.15, 1.25 and 3.70 fold, respectively. (sun.ac.za)
The gene encoding this protein (RPA1) is essential for growth. (elsevier.com)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIS1 gene was identified as a high copy number suppressor of the slow growth phenotype of strains containing mutations in the SIT4 gene, which encodes a predicted serine/threonine protein phosphatase. (rupress.org)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related gene products Cin8p and Kip1p function to assemble the bipolar mitotic spindle. (rupress.org)
Yeast cells that contain the SR alpha gene (SRP101) under control of the GAL1 promoter show impaired translocation of soluble and membrane proteins across the ER membrane after depletion of SR alpha. (ucsf.edu)
We have constructed three gene fusions that encode portions of a membrane protein, arginine permease, fused to a reporter domain, the cytoplasmic enzyme histidinol dehydrogenase (HD), located at the C-terminal end. (ucsf.edu)
In Saccharomyces these protein purification techniques may be used in conjunction with overexpression vectors that place the ORF of any cloned gene under the control of high-level constitutive promoters in multicopy plasmids (see the discussion of expression vectors in Chapter 1). (guwsmedical.info)
The protein product of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeDFG5 gene is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored plasma membrane protein and a putative glycosidase/glycosyltransferase that links other GPI-anchored proteins to β-glucans in the cell wall. (elsevier.com)
We describe the identification and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae IBD1 gene, which encodes a novel protein that regulates the proper nuclear division and bud separation. (elsevier.com)
RRM3 is a gene that encodes a 5′-to-3′ DNA helicase known affect multiple cellular replication and repair processes and is most commonly studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (wikipedia.org)
The gene codes for nuclear protein Rrm3p, which is 723 amino acids in length, and is part of a Pif1p DNA helicase sub-family that is conserved from yeasts to humans. (wikipedia.org)
Although the exact use of the ATPase domain is unclear, this domain is significant to helicase function, as removal of the proteins' ATPase function has been demonstrated to have the same inactivity effect on protein action as deleting the gene altogether. (wikipedia.org)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is frequently chosen for the production of industrial and pharmaceutical proteins, due to its rapid growth, microbial safety, eukaryotic post-translational processing and high-density fermentation capability. (sun.ac.za)
abstract = "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strand-exchange protein 1 (Sep1 also known as Xrn1, Kem1, Rar5, Stpβ/DST2) has been demonstrated to mediate the formation of hybrid DNA from model substrates of linear double-stranded and circular single-stranded DNA in vitro. (elsevier.com)
abstract = "This study aimed to identify sites of lysine methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the associated methyltransferases. (edu.au)

The DNA damage-dependent checkpoint of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a paradigm for eukaryotic checkpoint pathways that regulate cell cycle progression in the presence of insults to the genetic material. (springer.com)
Septins are a family of eukaryotic GTP-binding proteins that associate into linear rods, which, in turn, polymerize end-on-end into filaments, and further assemble into other, more elaborate super-structures at discrete subcellular locations. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, the Ogg1 protein is a eukaryotic DNA glycosylase/AP lyase. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
T . A transversions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for endogenous oxidative damage to DNA in eukaryotic cells. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Changes in protein subcellular localization and abundance are central to biological regulation in eukaryotic cells. (g3journal.org)
This protein is a fragment of the large subunit of a hetero-trimeric complex called yRP-A (yRF-A) which is thought to be the functional eukaryotic equivalent of single-stranded DNA binding proteins in prokaryotes. (elsevier.com)
Second, the yeast studies indicate functional linkages between Sec14p-like PITPs and members of ubiquitous but entirely uncharacterized eukaryotic proteins such as OSBP family members. (uab.edu)
One such interaction is with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a protein essential to eukaryotic DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)

The recent abundance of genome sequence data has brought an urgent need for systematic proteomics to decipher the encoded protein networks that dictate cellular function. (visualcomplexity.com)
Two large-scale yeast two-hybrid screens were undertaken to identify protein-protein interactions between full-length open reading frames predicted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence. (nih.gov)
I reveal that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109p promotes genome stability and resistance to DNA-damaging agents, and that it does this by functionally cooperating with the histone chaperone Asf1p to maintain normal chromatin structure. (bl.uk)
The single dynein motor encoded by the S. cerevisiae genome performs an important but nonessential spindle-positioning role. (rupress.org)
Given that the contribution of Sec14p-like proteins to the PITP complement of mammalian cells is completely uninvestigated, and that the mammalian genome encodes many proteins of this class, we anticipate such advances will directly and positively impact our understanding of the molecular basis of such diseases. (uab.edu)
RRM3 and its encoded protein have been shown to be vital for cellular replication, specifically associating with replication forks genome-wide. (wikipedia.org)
Rrm3p is known to affect an estimated 1400 discrete replication fork sites in the S. cerevisiae genome, including sites at ribosomal DNA repeats, tRNA genes, centromeres, telomeres, G4 DNA and the silent mating-type loci. (wikipedia.org)
The proteins' G-quadruplex ability has been shown to reduce G4-related genome damage when there is low cellular levels of Pif1. (wikipedia.org)
The binding of these two proteins appears to be linked to inappropriate replication timing and genome integrity. (wikipedia.org)

Sec18p is a homologue of the mammalian protein NSF which has been shown, using a number of in vitro transport assay systems and affinity purification procedures, to interact with other proteins in a multisubunit protein complex. (bl.uk)
Murphy R, Watkins J, Wente S. GLE2, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe export factor RAE1, is required for nuclear pore complex structure and function. (labome.org)
ACT3: a putative centractin homologue in S. cerevisiae is required for proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Characterization of SIS1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of bacterial dnaJ proteins. (rupress.org)
We have identified the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of the alpha-subunit of the SRP receptor (SR alpha) and characterized its function in vivo. (ucsf.edu)
S. cerevisiae SR alpha is a 69-kDa peripheral membrane protein that is 32% identical (54% chemically similar) to its mammalian homologue and, like mammalian SR alpha, is predicted to contain a GTP binding domain. (ucsf.edu)

In the second part of this thesis, I reveal that cells deleted for Saccharomyces cerevisiae ESC2 exhibit synthetic sickness when combined with deletions of many genes involved in maintaining genomic stability. (bl.uk)
Finally, Ribo-Seq analysis revealed that loss of New1 leads to ribosome queuing upstream of 3′-terminal lysine and arginine codons, including those genes encoding proteins of the cytoplasmic translational machinery. (diva-portal.org)
Genetic studies in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that mutations in FKS1 and FKS2 genes result in caspofungin resistance. (asm.org)
Our data indicate that that yeast cells can be in either of two states, expressing or not expressing genes required for high-affinity phosphate uptake and that 14-3-3 proteins are involved in the process(es) that establish the activation state of the PHO regulon. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of previously measured transcript levels in a recombinant XR/XDH-strain showed a wide down-regulation of genes targeted by the unfolded protein response during xylose fermentation. (lu.se)
So additional components of the protein folding mechanism that were identified in transcription analysis of UPR related genes may also be limiting. (lu.se)
Functional categorization based on Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) revealed up-regulation of genes related to transcription and down-regulation of genes involving cell rescue and defense, suggesting a decreased response to stress conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results suggest that microarray analysis can define the biological roles of zinc finger proteins with unknown functions and identify target genes that are regulated by these putative transcriptional factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Bender A, Pringle JR. Use of a screen for synthetic lethal and multicopy suppressee mutants to identify two new genes involved in morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Both PKC activity and PKC-homologous genes are present in the yeast S. cerevisiae. (le.ac.uk)
In order to learn more about RACKs and their role in the PKC signal transduction pathway, a molecular screen for yeast genes encoding PKC-binding proteins was conducted. (le.ac.uk)
Besides the classic UPR pathway and genes related to calcium homeostasis, we report that two additional pathways, including the SLT2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the osmosensing MAPK pathway, were also required for survival during ER stress. (aacrjournals.org)
The induced genes are involved in translocation, protein glycosylation, vesicular transport, cell wall biosynthesis, vacuolar protein targeting, and ER-associated degradation ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
In this study, we used the Saccharomyces deletion pool, constructed by an international consortium, in which all known open reading frames (ORF) were deleted by a PCR-based deletion strategy ( 19 ) to perform a functional screen for genes involved in promoting survival during ER stress. (aacrjournals.org)
We have also determined that yeast cells contain a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase composed of regulatory subunits encoded by TPD3 and CDC55 and a catalytic subunit encoded by SIT4, Because mutation of any one of these three genes renders strains resistant to ceramide inhibition, we conclude that the G 1 effects of ceramide are mediated at least in part by the yeast ceramide-activated protein phosphatase. (elsevier.com)
We have also determined that yeast cells contain a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase composed of regulatory subunits encoded by TPD3 and CDC55 and a catalytic subunit encoded by SIT4, Because mutation of any one of these three genes renders strains resistant to ceramide inhibition, we conclude that the G1 effects of ceramide are mediated at least in part by the yeast ceramide-activated protein phosphatase. (elsevier.com)
Nickels, JT & Broach, JR 1996, ' A ceramide-activated protein phosphatase mediates ceramide-induced G 1 arrest of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ', Genes and Development , vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 382-394. (elsevier.com)
A recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain transformed with xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) genes from Pichia stipitis ( Ps XR and Ps XDH, respectively) has the ability to convert xylose to ethanol together with the unfavourable excretion of xylitol, which may be due to intercellular redox imbalance caused by the different coenzyme specificity between NADPH-preferring XR and NAD + -dependent XDH. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Furthermore, it is shown that the decrease in glucose uptake activity is not due to a decrease in protein synthesis or to an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
Protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (asm.org)
To identify proteins that are induced during growth to stationary phase, we examined protein synthesis in long-term stationary-phase cultures using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). (asm.org)
Although the total rate of protein synthesis declined when growth ceased after the postdiauxic phase, the pattern of proteins synthesized remained similar throughout the experimental period (28 days), except at the diauxic shift. (asm.org)
At the diauxic shift most proteins detectable by 2D-PAGE undergo a transient reduction in their relative rate of synthesis that ends when cells resume growth during the postdiauxic phase. (asm.org)
We conclude from this that the transient repression of protein synthesis at the diauxic shift is not directly associated with stationary-phase arrest. (asm.org)
These proteins could be divided into three temporal classes depending upon when their synthesis became detectable. (asm.org)
One postexponential protein, designated p35, was induced later than all other proteins, and its relative rate of synthesis increased throughout stationary phase. (asm.org)
We also observed that a direct correlation between steady-state mRNA accumulation and protein synthesis for another postexponential protein (Ssa3p) or two closely related constitutive proteins (Ssa1p and Ssa2p) did not exist. (asm.org)
We conclude from this result that synthesis of proteins in stationary phase is regulated by mechanisms other than the control of steady-state mRNA accumulation. (asm.org)
Protein synthesis during transition and stationary phases under glucose limitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (asm.org)
Analysis of protein synthesis gave evidence that the synthesis of 95% of the proteins present in log-phase cells was arrested in stationary-phase cells. (asm.org)
Among the 20 proteins whose synthesis continues throughout the stationary phase were identified actin, aldehyde dehydrogenase, enolase, hexokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and five heat shock proteins. (asm.org)
In addition, the synthesis of six new proteins was observed. (asm.org)
New1 is a bona fide assembly factor, or indirect, for instance due to a defect in protein synthesis. (diva-portal.org)
This class of permease is thought to transport amino acids primarily for use in protein synthesis. (rupress.org)
Hierarchy of elements regulating synthesis of ribosomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (asm.org)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells respond to a heat shock by temporarily slowing the synthesis of ribosomal proteins (C. Gorenstein and J. R. Warner, Proc. (asm.org)
When cultures growing oxidatively on ethanol as the sole carbon source were shifted from 23 to 36 degrees C, the synthesis of ribosomal proteins was coordinately inhibited twice as rapidly and 45% more severely than in comparable cultures growing fermentatively on glucose. (asm.org)
Within 15 min, the relative rates of synthesis of at least 30 ribosomal proteins declined to less than one-sixth their initial values, whereas the overall rate of protein synthesis increased at least threefold. (asm.org)
We suggest that this is due primarily to controls at the level of synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid for ribosomal proteins but may also involve changes in messenger ribonucleic acid stability. (asm.org)
In contrast, a nutritional shift-up causes a stimulation of the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. (asm.org)
Experiments designed to determine the hierarchy of stimuli affecting the synthesis of these proteins demonstrated that temperature shock was dominant to glucose stimulation. (asm.org)
When a culture growing on ethanol was shifted from 23 to 36 degrees C and glucose was added shortly afterward, the decline in ribosomal protein synthesis continued unabated. (asm.org)
However, in wild-type cells ribosomal protein synthesis began to recover within 15 min. (asm.org)
In mutants temperature sensitive for ribosome synthesis, e.g., rna2, there was no recovery in the synthesis of most ribosomal proteins, suggesting that the product of rna2 is essential for the production of these proteins under all vegetative conditions. (asm.org)
Mechanism and Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (bl.uk)
GAC1 and GLC7 encode regulatory and catalytic subunits, respectively, of a type 1 phosphatase (PP1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that controls glycogen synthesis by regulating the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase (Gsy2p). (eurekamag.com)
NADPH) for the synthesis of macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. (openthesis.org)

Mitotic role for the Cdc28 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (pnas.org)
This is in contrast with observations of the homologous protein kinase from a variety of metazoans, where activity and function are associated with the G2 to M phase transition. (pnas.org)
We present evidence that the Cdc28 protein kinase is also required for mitosis and that this function is executed in the G2 interval of the cell cycle. (pnas.org)
We show, in addition, that the protein kinase is highly active during this phase of the cell cycle. (pnas.org)
The dual role of the Cdc28 protein kinase in the S. cerevisiae cell cycle thus parallels that demonstrated for the cdc2 protein kinase of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (pnas.org)
In addition to a defect in glucose uptake, the cdc25-5 mutant strain exhibited differences in glucose metabolism, probably due to the decreased cAMP level and hence decreased protein kinase A activity. (nih.gov)
Protein kinase Snf1 is involved in the proper regulation of the unfolded protein response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The Glc7-Reg1 complex takes part in the regulation of the yeast AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase Snf1 in response to glucose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Altogether, our results reveal that Snf1 plays an important role in the attenuation of the UPR, as well as identifying the protein kinase and its effectors as possible pharmacological targets for human diseases that are associated with insufficient UPR activation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The PAS scaffold proteins (Atg13 and Atg17) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I were localized to a position at the junction between the IM and the vacuolar membrane, termed the vacuole-IM contact site (VICS). (biologists.org)
Snf1 protein kinase regulates responses to glucose limitation and other stresses. (asm.org)
Cells lacking Ira1, Ira2, or Bcy1, the negative regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), exhibited reduced Snf1 pathway activation. (asm.org)
Our results also support the view that, like its mammalian counterpart, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), yeast Snf1 participates in metabolic checkpoint control that coordinates growth with nutrient availability. (asm.org)
Glucose limitation activates Snf1 protein kinase, a key regulator of energy homeostasis that promotes utilization of alternative carbon sources and enforces energy conservation. (asm.org)
Glucose depletion activates the stress response protein kinase Snf1, which functions to limit energy-consuming processes, such as growth. (asm.org)
Consistent with the importance of glucose for its growth and metabolism, S. cerevisiae has evolved a complex regulatory network that controls responses to glucose availability, with a central role played by a protein kinase called Snf1 (sucrose nonfermenting 1) (reviewed in reference 3 ). (asm.org)
Yeast Snf1 is a founding member of the highly conserved Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family (reviewed in reference 4 ). (asm.org)
The activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathway has been implicated in the control of many diverse cellular events. (le.ac.uk)
Clearly, these PKC-binding proteins (termed RACKs for receptors of activated C-kinase) are central to the process of signal transduction via PKC. (le.ac.uk)
SNF1 shares structural and functional similarities with mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase. (semanticscholar.org)
Yeast SNF1 is functionally related to mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase and regulates acetyl-CoA carboxylase in vivo. (semanticscholar.org)
Recent studies also support an important role of another major branch of the UPR, PKR-like ER kinase, in regulating protein translation and survival under hypoxic stress as well as tumor growth ( 16 , 17 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Interaction with the SH3 domain protein Bem1 regulates signaling by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae p21-activated kinase Ste20. (umassmed.edu)
Both a ceramide-activated protein phosphatase and a ceramide-activated protein kinase have been implicated in transmitting the signals elicited by ceramide. (elsevier.com)
Strains carrying the temperature-sensitive mutation mcm2-\, encoding a protein required for the initiation of DNA replication at chromosomal origins of replication, and the mutation dbf4-6, a component of a regulatory kinase, and the wild-type strain are analyzed for DNA content by FACS analysis. (guwsmedical.info)

or = 10% less in the other organism), we found 681 proteins for the comparison of U. maydis and humans, whereas the both fungi share only 622 fungal specific proteins. (biomedsearch.com)
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal model organism to investigate ion homeostasis at all levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteomics is the analysis of the total complement of proteins expressed by a cell or organism grown under a specified condition. (openthesis.org)
An incorrectly made protein can have detrimental effects on cell viability and in most cases cause the higher organism to become unhealthy by abnormal cellular functions. (wikipedia.org)

The Sec18 protein (Sec18p) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified as a component involved in the vesicular transport of proteins through the secretory and endocytotic pathways. (bl.uk)
The trans -Golgi is a major branch point in the secretory pathway, where proteins directed to the cell surface are segregated from proteins that are destined for the lysosome. (rupress.org)
Here we engineered protein anterograde trafficking by over-expressing SEC16 to increase the secretory capacity of yeast. (avhandlingar.se)
This platform is responsive to secretory disturbances from both chemicals and proteins and is potentially applicable for drug screening and for selecting cell engineering targets for protein production. (avhandlingar.se)
The secretory pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strictly analogous to that of mammalian cells. (illinois.edu)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) maintains an oxidative environment that is optimized to promote the efficient folding of proteins destined for the secretory pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
The CPY-GUS fusion proteins were inactivated during passage through the secretory pathway. (dur.ac.uk)
In mammalian cells, the signal recognition particle (SRP) receptor is required for the targeting of nascent secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. (ucsf.edu)
For example, overproduction of an integral membrane protein may have serious consequences for the transit of other proteins through the secretory pathway. (guwsmedical.info)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , meiotic recombination is initiated by transient DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). (genetics.org)
Moreover, I show that esc2Δ mutant cells exhibit increased recombination frequency and increased relocalisation of recombination repair protein Rad52p. (bl.uk)
This increase in recombination has been attributed to interactions between the protein Rrm3p and actual nucleotide base sequence from rDNA regions, rather than interactions due to the secondary structure formed by tandemly repeated DNA regions. (wikipedia.org)

Flick J, Johnston M. GRR1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for glucose repression and encodes a protein with leucine-rich repeats. (labome.org)
Strains lacking both ASE1 and BIK1, which encodes an S. cerevisiae microtubule-associated protein, are inviable. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Multiple 2-plex datasets can be combined after separate analyses, but there is a high likelihood that different sets of peptides and proteins will be identified between each experiment. (mcponline.org)
We have developed a multiplexed set of reagents for quantitative protein analysis that place isobaric mass labels at the N termini and lysine side chains of peptides in a digest mixture. (mcponline.org)
Absolute quantitation of targeted proteins can also be achieved using synthetic peptides tagged with one of the members of the multiplex reagent set. (mcponline.org)
In the first step, the proteins identified by a single protein identification tool were classified into two groups: high confidence proteins that were identified by unique peptides, and low confidence proteins that were identified by non-unique peptides. (openthesis.org)
The proteins that were identified by the presence of unique peptides and that were commonly identified by different tools were grouped into the highest confidence level - Level 4. (openthesis.org)
According to the operation of tandem mass spectrometry and the characteristics of the peptides generated by site-specific protease digestion, a two-pass approach for identifying the species-specific proteins was developed. (openthesis.org)

Glc7 is the only catalytic subunit of the protein phosphatase type 1 in the yeast S. cerevisiae and, together with its regulatory subunits, is involved in many essential processes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Glc7, the type1 serine/threonine phosphatase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is targeted by auxiliary subunits to numerous locations in the cell, where it regulates a range of physiological pathways. (environmental-expert.com)
Under favorable conditions, Snf1 is turned off by Reg1-Glc7 protein phosphatase. (asm.org)
This involves the function of the type 1 protein phosphatase Glc7, which is targeted to Snf1 by a regulatory subunit, Reg1. (asm.org)

Analysis of the hydrodynamic properties of a protein in a crude mixture can give insights into possible tertiary organization such as participation in high-molecular-mass protein complexes. (springer.com)

In this study, we have examined the global protein expression of a wild-type yeast strain and the isogenic upf1Δ and xrn1Δ mutant strains that are defective in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and the general 5′ to 3′ decay pathways, respectively. (mcponline.org)
Nonetheless, strain engineering approaches have shown great potential as a means to relieve these protein secretion bottlenecks and advancing recombinant protein production to new levels. (sun.ac.za)
The S. cerevisiae M0341 strain that secretes high levels of recombinant Talaromyces emersonii Cel7A, was mated to the Y294 control strain to produce the H3 hybrid strain. (sun.ac.za)
In this study we wanted to investigate whether our respiratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, TM6*, could be used to enhance the productivity of recombinant proteins over that obtained from corresponding wild type, respiro-fermentative strains when cultured under the same laboratory conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The respiratory S. cerevisiae strain reported here is therefore a useful addition to the matrix of production hosts currently available as its improved biomass properties do lead to increased volumetric yields without the need to resort to complex control or cultivation schemes. (biomedcentral.com)

Scm3, an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere protein required for G2/M progression and Cse4 localization. (thebiogrid.org)

It's about 40kDa, localized to the cytosol and represents about 1% to the total protein (by Coomasie staining by eye) when grown in minimal glucose media. (bio.net)
In this paper it is reported that the Cdc25 protein, in addition to its stimulatory role in the RAS/adenylate cyclase pathway, regulates glucose transport. (nih.gov)
Because the Cdc25 protein is localized at the membrane, these results indicate that Cdc25 is directly involved in glucose transport and may be in direct contact with the glucose transporters. (nih.gov)
Unlike most postexponential proteins, p35 was not regulated by heat shock or glucose repression. (asm.org)
Well in advance of glucose exhaustion, a transition phase was observed, characterized by a decrease in the growth rate and a progressive reduction of protein and RNA accumulation. (asm.org)
The occurrence of these new proteins in stationary-phase cells is presumed to result from the release of carbon catabolite repression due to glucose exhaustion. (asm.org)
We transformed wild-type S. cerevisiae with an S. cerevisiae URA3 -based GAL1 cDNA library and selected transformants in glucose synthetic complete plates lacking uracil (glucose SC minus uracil plates). (asm.org)
We show that prolonged glucose deprivation also leads to Snf1-dependent accumulation of Reg2 and that this protein helps to inhibit Snf1 and to accelerate growth recovery upon glucose replenishment. (asm.org)
Although the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can exist in many different environments, it is particularly known for its ability to flourish under glucose-rich conditions, a property exploited by humans for millennia to make wine (reviewed in references 1 and 2 ). (asm.org)
Although many advances have been made in the development of xylose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the productivity remains much lower compared to glucose. (lu.se)
The developed two-pass approach and two-step strategy were then used to study the protein profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivated in various gravity conditions (10 and 300 g glucose/l) in order to investigate the changes in central metabolic pathways of S. cerevisiae. (openthesis.org)
The protein profile showed that a higher flux of nutrient was channelled into the pentose phosphate pathway when S. cerevisiae was grown under a high glucose concentration. (openthesis.org)

Sikorski, R. S. and Hieter, P. (1989) A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (springer.com)
In this study, we make use of a 4-fold (4-plex) multiplex strategy to simultaneously determine relative protein levels in three yeast strains and provide a demonstration of the ability to measure the absolute quantity of specific target proteins through the use of internal peptide standards. (mcponline.org)
In this study we tested whether these enzymes impair the protein folding process causing the very slow growth of recombinant yeast strains on xylose under anaerobic conditions. (lu.se)
The strains constructed in this study represent a step toward efficient cellulase secreting yeasts for second generation biofuel production and presents a novel strategy to identify secretion enhancing elements for the protein production industry. (sun.ac.za)
Here we demonstrate at least a doubling in productivity over wild-type strains for three recombinant membrane proteins and one recombinant soluble protein produced in TM6* cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains limited for the SIS1 protein accumulate cells that appear blocked for migration of the nucleus from the mother cell into the daughter cell. (rupress.org)

This is anticipated to be of particular value in the production of challenging targets such as membrane proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
This is particularly true for the production of membrane proteins, which are high value targets in the drug discovery pipeline, and which cannot yet be produced in high yields in a predictable manner. (biomedcentral.com)
C-terminal sequences can inhibit the insertion of membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ucsf.edu)

Finally, overexpression of protein phosphatases Ptc2 and Ptc3 alleviated the growth defect of reg1 cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
My in vitro results are corroborated by in vivo ChIP-seq results showing that either the Sir3 wH domain or the Sir4 CC domain alone could mediate weak spreading of Sir3 protein, away from recruitment sites, under Sir3 overexpression conditions. (harvard.edu)
In conclusion, overexpression of Sbe2p under the regulated control of the GAL1 promoter results in caspofungin resistance in S. cerevisiae . (asm.org)
Desmyter L, Verstraelen J, Dewaele S, Libert C, Contreras R, Chen C. Nonclassical export pathway: overexpression of NCE102 reduces protein and DNA damage and prolongs lifespan in an SGS1 deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ugent.be)
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case where SOD1 overexpression in S. cerevisiae resulted in higher heterologous protein secretion. (sun.ac.za)
We also show that overexpression of YDJ1, another yeast protein with similarity to bacterial dnaJ proteins, can not substitute for SIS1. (rupress.org)
Overexpression of a particular protein makes possible its purification but may not be appropriate for the in vivo analysis of function. (guwsmedical.info)

Green C.M., Lowndes N.F. (2004) Purification and Analysis of Checkpoint Protein Complexes From Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (springer.com)
With the advent of ultrasensitive mass spectrometric protein identification methods, it is feasible to identify directly protein complexes on a proteome-wide scale. (visualcomplexity.com)
Numerous protein complexes were identified, including many new interactions in various signaling pathways and in the DNA damage response. (visualcomplexity.com)
Isolation of protein complexes was first attempted by affinity purification of a tagged version of Sec18p. (bl.uk)
It was hoped that the affinity of protein A for IgG Sepharose could be used to isolate protein complexes that formed in vivo with the Sec18p. (bl.uk)
The regulatory complexes recognize substrate proteins and control the substrate access into the catalytically active 20S complex. (hu-berlin.de)
The higher accuracy achieved by PEWCC in detecting protein complexes is a valid argument in favor of the proposed method. (labome.org)
Global landscape of protein complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (gersteinlab.org)
Identification of protein-protein interactions often provides insight into protein function, and many cellular processes are performed by stable protein complexes. (harvard.edu)
A Markov clustering algorithm organized these interactions into 547 protein complexes averaging 4.9 subunits per complex, about half of them absent from the MIPS database, as well as 429 additional interactions between pairs of complexes. (harvard.edu)
During cellular replication, cells encounter replication fork stalling due to DNA-protein complexes, DNA damage and secondary DNA structures. (wikipedia.org)
Rrm3p a DNA helicase that unwinds DNA in a 5'-to-3' polarity and has been shown to help DNA replication forks transverse protein-DNA complexes. (wikipedia.org)

Under anaerobic conditions the folding of proteins is directly connected with fumarate metabolism and requires two essential enzymes: FADH2-dependent fumarate reductase (FR) and Ero1p. (lu.se)

A set of nuclear proteins in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE that are required for the transcriptional repression of the silent mating type loci. (harvard.edu)
Ghosh A, Steele R, Ray R. Functional domains of c-myc promoter binding protein 1 involved in transcriptional repression and cell growth regulation. (labome.org)
Analysis of the non-essential mutants in the regulatory subunits of Glc7 revealed that the lack of Reg1, and no other subunit, causes hypersensitivity to unfolded protein response (UPR)-inducers, which was concomitant with an augmented UPR element-dependent transcriptional response. (sigmaaldrich.com)

In particular, septin-associated protein kinases couple cell cycle progression with cellular morphogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
CDC23 is required in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cell cycle progression through the G2/M transition. (asm.org)

There are several reports on the improvement of recombinant protein production by S. cerevisiae through the rational engineering of different stages of the protein secretion pathway. (avhandlingar.se)
Recombinant protein production is universally employed as a solution to obtain the milligram to gram quantities of a given protein required for applications as diverse as structural genomics and biopharmaceutical manufacture. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of recombinant protein production systems that can be applied to a wide range of targets is a key area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
We and others [ 21 - 23 ] have recently started to take a more systematic approach [ 14 ] to optimise S. cerevisiae as a host cell for recombinant protein production. (biomedcentral.com)

In order to better understand this pathway, we undertook a biochemical study of the proteins implicated in its functioning. (springer.com)
In vitro studies strongly suggest that several proteins of this pathway-Rad51, Rad52, Rad54, Rad55, Rad57, and replication protein A (RPA)-play a role in the strand exchange reaction. (genetics.org)
While high copy number expression vector systems, strong promoters and efficient secretion signals resulted in significant enhancement of protein production yields, these strategies are often limited by bottlenecks in the yeast secretion pathway. (sun.ac.za)
Taken together, these results suggest that the components and the mechanism of the SRP-dependent protein targeting pathway are evolutionarily conserved yet not essential for cell growth. (ucsf.edu)
Deletion of DFG5 caused slight activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases Hog1 in the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway and Slt2 in the cell wall integrity pathway. (elsevier.com)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin- and dynein-related proteins required for anaphase chromosome segregation. (rupress.org)

Results of this study suggest that easily available raw materials such as fruit peels offer cost-effective substrates for production of commercially important microbial proteins for alarming global issues linked to protein malnutrition.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. (magiran.com)

Two polypeptides of molecular weights 55,000 and 53,000, identified as α and β tubulin, and a polypeptide of molecular weight 63,000, associated with the nuclear DNA to a very high degree, account for nearly 50% of the nonhistone proteins present in chromatin. (springer.com)
The exploitation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biological model for the investigation of complex molecular processes conserved in multicellular organisms, such as humans, has allowed fundamental biological discoveries. (mdpi.com)
An understanding of how different cargo proteins are segregated in the trans -Golgi and how extracellular signals control vesicle function is actively being sought, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. (rupress.org)
The coenzym A-synthesizing protein complex (CoA-SPC) is a multienzyme complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakers' yeast), which has a molecular weight in excess of 200,000 as determined by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. (semanticscholar.org)
Molecular characterization of the heteromeric coenzyme A-synthesizing protein complex (CoA-SPC) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (semanticscholar.org)
While the P. pastoris system has a much smaller set of vectors available and a less-well-established molecular biology, it can be cultured to very high densities [ 24 ] potentially producing large quantities of the protein of interest. (biomedcentral.com)
This region of SIS1 contains a glycine/methionine-rich region which, along with more amino-terminal sequences, is required for SIS1 to associate with a protein of apparent molecular mass of 40 kD. (rupress.org)

Semiquantitative biochemical analysis of the corresponding mutant proteins revealed that each of the 21 amino acid alterations caused simultaneous defects in every single protein-protein interaction and in Gal80's structural integrity. (genetics.org)
Here, we report a study of the meiotic phenotypes conferred by two missense mutations affecting the largest subunit of RPA, which are localized in the protein interaction domain ( rfa1-t11 ) and in the DNA-binding domain ( rfa1-t48 ). (genetics.org)
Zaki N, Lazarova Molnar S, El Hajj W, Campbell P. Protein-protein interaction based on pairwise similarity. (labome.org)
Zaki N, Efimov D, Berengueres J. Protein complex detection using interaction reliability assessment and weighted clustering coefficient. (labome.org)
In my thesis project, I set out to test this cooperativity hypothesis by examining the interaction of Sir proteins with well-defined in vitro reconstituted mono- and di-nucleosomes. (harvard.edu)
In a search for further proteins interacting with Ccz1p, we identified the endosomal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor Pep12p as an interaction partner of Ccz1p. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The interaction of these two nuclear proteins is enhanced in the presence of salts, an indication that the interaction between the two is likely hydrophobic. (wikipedia.org)
The interaction between PCNA and Rrm3p suggests that Rrm3p may be an accessory DNA helicase that helps replication fork progression through formation of a protein-protein complex with PCNA. (wikipedia.org)

For each protein, we produced quantitative profiles of localization scores for 16 subcellular compartments at single-cell resolution to trace proteome-wide relocalization in conditions over time. (g3journal.org)
This translocation of PKC from the cytosol to assorted subcellular compartments following activation is mediated by protein-protein interactions. (le.ac.uk)

Kucharczyk R, Hoffman-Sommer M, Piekarska I, Fischer von Mollard G, Rytka J. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Ccz1p interacts with components of the endosomal fusion machinery. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Ccz1p interacts with components of the endosomal fusion machinery", FEMS YEAST RESEARCH , vol. 9, 2009, pp. 565-573. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Rrm3p physically interacts with multiple proteins in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
PCNA interacts with Rrm3p via the PIP-box motif at the N-terminus of the Rrm3p protein and removal of the PIP-box domain prevents the proteins from interacting. (wikipedia.org)

Lysine methylation was found on the proteins elongation factor (EF) 1-α, 2, and 3A, as well as ribosomal proteins 40S S18-A/B, 60S L11-A/B, L18-A/B, and L42-A/B. Precise sites were mapped in all cases. (edu.au)
Methyltransferase Rkm1 was found to monomethylate 40S ribosomal protein S18-A/B at lysine 48. (edu.au)

These approaches resulted in the detection of 957 putative interactions involving 1,004 S. cerevisiae proteins. (nih.gov)

In particular, as discussed here, septin-based structures recruit, and thereby localize (and, in some cases, regulate the activity of) a multiplicity of protein kinases that integrate multiple inputs into signaling pathways and ultimately initiate ensuing biological responses (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Quantitative measures of protein dynamics in vivo are therefore highly useful for elucidating specific regulatory pathways. (g3journal.org)
A collection of articles that focus on an array of different scientific topics such as pathways, cancer, transmembrane proteins. (cusabio.com)

Bucci M, Wente S. A novel fluorescence-based genetic strategy identifies mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective for nuclear pore complex assembly. (labome.org)
Temperature-sensitive mutants were derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5α by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis, in a search for mutants that would produce methionine-rich protein at the nonpermissive temperature. (asm.org)
It is concluded that the proportion of a specific amino acid, such as methionine, in S. cerevisiae protein can be altered by culturing certain temperature-sensitive mutants at an elevated temperature. (asm.org)
In this study we completed a transcriptomic profiling of three mutants lacking C2H2 zinc finger proteins, ypr013cΔ, ypr015cΔ and ypr013cΔypr015cΔ . (biomedcentral.com)
Redundancy for function between different types of microtubule-based motor proteins was also indicated by the observation that cin8 dyn1 double-deletion mutants are inviable. (rupress.org)

We identified common regulation patterns and consequently could specify some general rules for efficient protein secretion. (avhandlingar.se)
Proteins destined for secretion are transported in a vectorial fashion from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface. (illinois.edu)
Improving the production and secretion of recombinant proteins, whether for pharmaceutical, agricultural or industrial application, has the benefit of reducing the production costs and promoting accessibility to these technologies. (sun.ac.za)
Further work involved the identification of novel genetic elements enhancing protein secretion and the elucidation of possible mechanisms involved in high cellulase secretion by S. cerevisiae. (sun.ac.za)
The effect of disrupting protein N-glycosylation elongation at various steps, on the secretion of heterologously produced Neosartorya fischeri Cel12A (lacking N-glycosylation sites) and the S. fibuligera Cel3A, was investigated. (sun.ac.za)
These results implicate the cell wall as a possible barrier to protein secretion. (sun.ac.za)
Signal recognition particle receptor is important for cell growth and protein secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ucsf.edu)
Ogg S , Poritz M , Walter P . Signal recognition particle receptor is important for cell growth and protein secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ucsf.edu)

When the cells entered the stationary phase, protein accumulation was 10% of that in log-phase cells, and incorporation of labeled RNA precursor was undetectable. (asm.org)
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and activation of Ire1p and Hac1p, an ER-stress sensor and ER stress-responsive transcription factor, respectively, were induced by a treatment with acetic acid stress (>0.2% v/v). Other monocarboxylic acids such as propionic acid and sorbic acid, but not lactic acid, also induced the UPR. (frontiersin.org)
We show here that the accumulation of Glc7 at mating projections requires Afr1, a protein required for the formation of normal projections. (environmental-expert.com)
Hypoxia activates all components of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a stress response initiated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (aacrjournals.org)
The accumulation of biomass in yeast cell factories is not necessarily correlated with a proportional increase in the functional yield of the recombinant protein being produced. (biomedcentral.com)

RRM3 is located on chromosome 8 in yeast cells and codes for 723 amino acids producing a protein that weighs 81,581 Da. (wikipedia.org)

Boiteux S. Properties and biological functions of the NTH and FPG proteins of Escherichia coli: two DNA glycosylases that repair oxidative damage in DNA. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Tajiri T, Maki H, Sekiguchi M. Functional cooperation of MutT, MutM and MutY proteins in preventing mutations caused by spontaneous oxidation of guanine nucleotide in Escherichia coli. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Elimination of truncated recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli by removing cryptic translation initiation site. (beds.ac.uk)

Assembly of subunit d (Vma6p) and G (Vma10p) and the NMR solution structure of subunit G (G(1-59)) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae V(1)V(O) ATPase. (nih.gov)

We used a high-throughput screening procedure to screen nearly all of the 6,000 predicted yeast proteins, expressed as Gal4 DNA-binding domain fusion proteins, against the library, and characterized positives by sequence analysis. (nih.gov)
These fusion proteins contain at least one of the internal signal sequences of arginine permease. (ucsf.edu)
When the fusion proteins were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), two of the fusion proteins placed HD on the luminal side of the ER membrane, but only when a piece of DNA encoding a spacer protein segment was inserted into the fusion joint. (ucsf.edu)

In mammalian cells, extracellular signals can regulate the delivery of particular proteins to the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
In some specialized mammalian cells, particular cargo proteins are segregated at the trans -Golgi into compartments that allow regulated delivery to the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
These regulated trafficking processes allow the protein composition of the plasma membrane and the release of proteins into the extracellular environment to be modulated in response to extracellular signals. (rupress.org)
Conibear and Stevens, 1995 ), and two separable vesicle types carry different sets of proteins to the plasma membrane ( Harsay and Bretscher, 1995 ). (rupress.org)
Transport by all three post-Golgi mechanisms appears to be constitutive, and regulation of protein delivery to the plasma membrane has not been observed in yeast. (rupress.org)

In the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the S. cerevisiae spindle is located at a position near the middle of the mother cell body. (rupress.org)
In many eucaryotic cells, the midzone of the mitotic spindle forms a distinct structure containing a specific set of proteins. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
A functional Ibd1p-GFP fusion protein localizes to a single dot at the nuclear DNA boundary in the divided nuclei or to double dots in dividing nuclei, suggesting its localization on the spindle pole body (SPB). (elsevier.com)

These data reveal interactions that place functionally unclassified proteins in a biological context, interactions between proteins involved in the same biological function, and interactions that link biological functions together into larger cellular processes. (nih.gov)
In the U. maydis to H. sapiens homology set 454 proteins are functionally classified and 42 proteins are related to serious human diseases. (biomedsearch.com)
We have identified two proteins that functionally interact with SEP1. (elsevier.com)

The data (all of which are available online) will help future studies on individual proteins as well as functional genomics and systems biology. (harvard.edu)

Kolodziej, P. A. and Young, R. A. (1991) Epitope tagging and protein surveillance. (springer.com)

Zinc finger proteins (Zfp) represent the largest and most diverse superfamily of nucleic acid binding proteins in eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)

Many questions remain regarding the mechanism of Sir protein spreading along chromatin and the mechanism of epigenetic inheritance of silent chromatin domains. (harvard.edu)
In this paper, we have analysed the substrate specificity and the catalytic mechanism of the Ogg1 protein acting on DNA subtrates containing 8-OxoG residues or apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
These results strongly suggest that the free amino group of Lys241 is involved in the catalytic mechanism of the Ogg1 protein. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The cross-species expressions of IBD1 in S. pombe and byr4 in S. cerevisiae cause defects in shape, implicating the presence of a conserved mechanism for the control of cytokinesis in eukaryotes. (elsevier.com)

The ICAT quantitative labeling strategy ( 3 , 4 ) is perhaps the best-characterized method for relative protein quantitation using MS. Other elegant approaches use cell-culture enrichment with a stable isotope-labeled amino acid, including arginine ( 5 ), lysine ( 6 ), tyrosine ( 7 ), and leucine ( 8 ), for in vivo incorporation of a mass difference to support relative quantitation. (mcponline.org)
When comparing yeast and human proteins, it is clear that both amino acid sequences and protein functions are often very well conserved. (mdpi.com)
Yeast contains four proteins having amino acid compositions typical of the high mobility group (HMG) proteins. (oregonstate.edu)
The SIS1 protein is similar to bacterial dnaJ proteins in the amino-terminal third and carboxyl-terminal third of the proteins. (rupress.org)
In 1956 Francis Crick described the flow of genetic information from DNA to a specific amino acid arrangement for making a protein as the central dogma. (wikipedia.org)
For every 1000 amino acid incorporated into the protein, no more than one is incorrect. (wikipedia.org)

Although the fusion construct was shown to be active in vivo , specific complexing proteins could not be isolated due to the large amount of non-specific binding of yeast proteins to the protein A moiety. (bl.uk)
Dominant negative mutant forms of the Sec18p interfere with the normal function of the wild-type protein in vivo . (bl.uk)
Use of bimolecular fluorescence complementation to study in vivo interactions between Cdc42p and Rdi1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (harvard.edu)
A yeast-based two-hybrid screen was conducted to isolate proteins interacting with Gcd6p in vivo. (le.ac.uk)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs117

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes88

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care3

A Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) binds the ste20 kinase Misshapen and activates Jun kinase. (1/25200)

Vac1p coordinates Rab and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in Vps45p-dependent vesicle docking/fusion at the endosome. (2/25200)

B-MYB transactivates its own promoter through SP1-binding sites. (3/25200)

Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (4/25200)

The exocyst is an effector for Sec4p, targeting secretory vesicles to sites of exocytosis. (5/25200)

Cooperative binding of heat shock factor to the yeast HSP82 promoter in vivo and in vitro. (6/25200)

The histone acetylase PCAF is a phorbol-ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF family that confers enhanced interferon responsiveness. (7/25200)

The 3'-->5' exonucleases of DNA polymerases delta and epsilon and the 5'-->3' exonuclease Exo1 have major roles in postreplication mutation avoidance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (8/25200)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Fungal Proteins

Genes, Fungal

Molecular Sequence Data

Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

Amino Acid Sequence

DNA, Fungal

Mutation

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Base Sequence

Cloning, Molecular

Saccharomyces

DNA-Binding Proteins

Cell Cycle Proteins

Protein Binding

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

RNA, Fungal

Chromosomes, Fungal

Genome, Fungal

Phenotype

Plasmids

Genetic Complementation Test

Temperature

Gene Deletion

Suppression, Genetic

Carrier Proteins

Transcription, Genetic

Spores, Fungal

beta-Fructofuranosidase

Restriction Mapping

Transcription Factors

Genes, Suppressor

Haploidy

Mutagenesis

Vacuoles

Transformation, Genetic

Fermentation

Recombination, Genetic

Diploidy

Kinetics

Mitochondria

Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Sequence Alignment

Schizosaccharomyces

Glucose

Alleles

Membrane Proteins

Meiosis

Genes, Mating Type, Fungal

DNA Repair

Saccharomycetales

Nuclear Proteins

Kluyveromyces

CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae

Spheroplasts

Escherichia coli

Adenosine Triphosphatases

DNA Primers

RNA, Messenger

Galactose

Recombinant Proteins

Cell Cycle

Repressor Proteins

Cell Wall

Ergosterol

Candida albicans

Killer Factors, Yeast

Binding Sites

Pheromones

Substrate Specificity

Open Reading Frames

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Biological Transport

Genes

Sequence Deletion

Culture Media

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Xylose

Sirtuin 2