S phase. Medical search

Phase of the CELL CYCLE following G1 and preceding G2 when the entire DNA content of the nucleus is replicated. It is achieved by bidirectional replication at multiple sites along each chromosome.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

The period of the CELL CYCLE preceding DNA REPLICATION in S PHASE. Subphases of G1 include "competence" (to respond to growth factors), G1a (entry into G1), G1b (progression), and G1c (assembly). Progression through the G1 subphases is effected by limiting growth factors, nutrients, or inhibitors.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

A key regulator of CELL CYCLE progression. It partners with CYCLIN E to regulate entry into S PHASE and also interacts with CYCLIN A to phosphorylate RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN. Its activity is inhibited by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P27 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P21.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

A 50-kDa protein that complexes with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle.

A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. They generally function as ENZYME ACTIVATORS that drive the CELL CYCLE through transitions between phases. A subset of cyclins may also function as transcriptional regulators.

A cyclin subtype that has specificity for CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2. It plays a role in progression of the CELL CYCLE through G1/S and G2/M phase transitions.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A family of cell cycle-dependent kinases that are related in structure to CDC28 PROTEIN KINASE; S CEREVISIAE; and the CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE found in mammalian species.

The period of the CELL CYCLE following DNA synthesis (S PHASE) and preceding M PHASE (cell division phase). The CHROMOSOMES are tetraploid in this point.

A unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA REPLICATION is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally. It contains the sites where the first separation of the complementary strands occurs, a primer RNA is synthesized, and the switch from primer RNA to DNA synthesis takes place. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that control expression of a variety of GENES involved in CELL CYCLE regulation. E2F transcription factors typically form heterodimeric complexes with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DP1 or transcription factor DP2, and they have N-terminal DNA binding and dimerization domains. E2F transcription factors can act as mediators of transcriptional repression or transcriptional activation.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. It is a nuclear phosphoprotein hypothesized to normally act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Rb protein is absent in retinoblastoma cell lines. It also has been shown to form complexes with the adenovirus E1A protein, the SV40 T antigen, and the human papilloma virus E7 protein.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A and activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis. E2F1 is involved in DNA REPAIR and APOPTOSIS.

A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.

A quiescent state of cells during G1 PHASE.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A transcription factor that possesses DNA-binding and E2F-binding domains but lacks a transcriptional activation domain. It is a binding partner for E2F TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and enhances the DNA binding and transactivation function of the DP-E2F complex.

A ubiquitously expressed regulatory protein that contains a retinoblastoma protein binding domain and an AT-rich interactive domain. The protein may play a role in recruiting HISTONE DEACETYLASES to the site of RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN-containing transcriptional repressor complexes.

A cyclin subtype that is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. It stimulates the G2/M phase transition by activating CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE.

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Enzyme activated in response to DNA DAMAGE involved in cell cycle arrest. The gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 22 at position 12.1. In humans it is encoded by the CHEK2 gene.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Proteins obtained from the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Genes that code for proteins that regulate the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. These genes form a regulatory network that culminates in the onset of MITOSIS by activating the p34cdc2 protein (PROTEIN P34CDC2).

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.

Compounds that inhibit cell production of DNA or RNA.

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE arrest. p21 interacts with a range of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES and associates with PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN and CASPASE 3.

A group of cell cycle proteins that negatively regulate the activity of CYCLIN/CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE complexes. They inhibit CELL CYCLE progression and help control CELL PROLIFERATION following GENOTOXIC STRESS as well as during CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

Geminin inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of MCM complex into pre-replication complex. It is absent during G1 phase of the CELL CYCLE and accumulates through S, G2,and M phases. It is degraded at the metaphase-anaphase transition by the ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX-CYCLOSOME.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

A family of structurally-related proteins that were originally identified by their ability to complex with cyclin proteins (CYCLINS). They share a common domain that binds specifically to F-BOX MOTIFS. They take part in SKP CULLIN F-BOX PROTEIN LIGASES, where they can bind to a variety of F-BOX PROTEINS.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a key regulator of G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. It partners with CYCLIN D to phosphorylate RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN. CDK4 activity is inhibited by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P16.

The origin recognition complex is a multi-subunit DNA-binding protein that initiates DNA REPLICATION in eukaryotes.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A subclass of dual specificity phosphatases that play a role in the progression of the CELL CYCLE. They dephosphorylate and activate CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A minichromosome maintenance protein that is a key component of the six member MCM protein complex. It is also found in tightly-bound trimeric complex with MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE COMPLEX COMPONENT 6 and MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE COMPLEX COMPONENT 7.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A minichromosome maintenance protein that is a key component of the six member MCM protein complex. It is also found in tightly-bound trimeric complex with MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE COMPLEX COMPONENT 4 and MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE COMPLEX COMPONENT 6.

The temporal order in which the DNA of the GENOME is replicated.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A group of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES which activate critical signaling cascades in double strand breaks, APOPTOSIS, and GENOTOXIC STRESS such as ionizing ultraviolet A light, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. These proteins play a role in a wide range of signaling mechanisms in cell cycle control.

Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

A minichromosome maintenance protein that is a key component of the six member MCM protein complex. It contains a NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL, which provide targeting of the protein complex. In addition, acetylation of this protein may play a role in regulating of DNA replication and cell cycle progression.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A minichromosome maintenance protein that is a key component of the six member MCM protein complex. It contains a NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL which may provide targeting of the protein complex and an extended N-terminus which is rich in SERINE residues.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A. E2F2 activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

An increased tendency of the GENOME to acquire MUTATIONS when various processes involved in maintaining and replicating the genome are dysfunctional.

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression of the CELL CYCLE through the G1 PHASE and allow transition to S PHASE when the cells are ready to undergo DNA REPLICATION. DNA DAMAGE, or the deficiencies in specific cellular components or nutrients may cause the cells to halt before progressing through G1 phase.

A broadly expressed type D cyclin. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D3 in LYMPHOCYTE development.

A cyclin D subtype which is regulated by GATA4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D2 in granulosa cell proliferation and gonadal development.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A widely-expressed cyclin A subtype that functions during the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the CELL CYCLE.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Complexes of enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of UBIQUITIN to other proteins by forming a peptide bond between the C-terminal GLYCINE of UBIQUITIN and the alpha-amino groups of LYSINE residues in the protein. The complexes play an important role in mediating the selective-degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. The complex of enzymes can be broken down into three components that involve activation of ubiquitin (UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES), conjugation of ubiquitin to the ligase complex (UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES), and ligation of ubiquitin to the substrate protein (UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES).

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or "arrested") until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An E3 ubiquitin ligase primarily involved in regulation of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during MITOSIS through ubiquitination of specific CELL CYCLE PROTEINS. Enzyme activity is tightly regulated through subunits and cofactors, which modulate activation, inhibition, and substrate specificity. The anaphase-promoting complex, or APC-C, is also involved in tissue differentiation in the PLACENTA, CRYSTALLINE LENS, and SKELETAL MUSCLE, and in regulation of postmitotic NEURONAL PLASTICITY and excitability.

A cyclin subtype that is specific for CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 6. Unlike most cyclins, cyclin D expression is not cyclical, but rather it is expressed in response to proliferative signals. Cyclin D may therefore play a role in cellular responses to mitogenic signals.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

An alkylating agent in cancer therapy that may also act as a mutagen by interfering with and causing damage to DNA.

A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS.

An E2F transcription factor that represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis. E2F4 recruits chromatin remodeling factors indirectly to target gene PROMOTER REGIONS through RETINOBLASTOMA LIKE PROTEIN P130 and RETINOBLASTOMA LIKE PROTEIN P107.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

A family of structurally related proteins that were originally discovered for their role in cell-cycle regulation in CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. They play important roles in regulation of the CELL CYCLE and as components of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase characterized in E. coli and other lower organisms. It may be present in higher organisms and has an intrinsic molecular activity only 5% of that of DNA Polymerase I. This polymerase has 3'-5' exonuclease activity, is effective only on duplex DNA with gaps or single-strand ends of less than 100 nucleotides as template, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. EC 2.7.7.7.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A. E2F3 regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.

A family of proteins that were originally identified in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE as being essential for maintaining the structure of minichromosomes00. They form into a protein complex that has helicase activity and is involved in a variety of DNA-related functions including replication elongation, RNA transcription, chromatin remodeling, and genome stability.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 associates with CYCLIN D and phosphorylates RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN during G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. It helps regulate the transition to S PHASE and its kinase activity is inhibited by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P18.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect by depolymerizing microtubules.

The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.

A single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. It is required for DNA REPLICATION; DNA REPAIR; and GENETIC RECOMBINATION.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Any DNA sequence capable of independent replication or a molecule that possesses a REPLICATION ORIGIN and which is therefore potentially capable of being replicated in a suitable cell. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.

A negative regulator of the CELL CYCLE that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. It contains a conserved pocket region that binds E2F4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and interacts with viral ONCOPROTEINS such as POLYOMAVIRUS TUMOR ANTIGENS; ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS; and PAPILLOMAVIRUS E7 PROTEINS.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-myc genes. They are normally involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Elevated and deregulated (constitutive) expression of c-myc proteins can cause tumorigenesis.

The yeast ser/thr phosphatases sit4 and ppz1 play opposite roles in regulation of the cell cycle. (1/4298)

Yeast cells overexpressing the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase Ppz1 display a slow-growth phenotype. These cells recover slowly from alpha-factor or nutrient depletion-induced G1 arrest, showing a considerable delay in bud emergence as well as in the expression of the G1 cyclins Cln2 and Clb5. Therefore, an excess of the Ppz1 phosphatase interferes with the normal transition from G1 to S phase. The growth defect is rescued by overexpression of the HAL3/SIS2 gene, encoding a negative regulator of Ppz1. High-copy-number expression of HAL3/SIS2 has been reported to improve cell growth and to increase expression of G1 cyclins in sit4 phosphatase mutants. We show here that the described effects of HAL3/SIS2 on sit4 mutants are fully mediated by the Ppz1 phosphatase. The growth defect caused by overexpression of PPZ1 is intensified in strains with low G1 cyclin levels (such as bck2Delta or cln3Delta mutants), whereas mutation of PPZ1 rescues the synthetic lethal phenotype of sit4 cln3 mutants. These results reveal a role for Ppz1 as a regulatory component of the yeast cell cycle, reinforce the notion that Hal3/Sis2 serves as a negative modulator of the biological functions of Ppz1, and indicate that the Sit4 and Ppz1 Ser/Thr phosphatases play opposite roles in control of the G1/S transition. (+info)

p27 is involved in N-cadherin-mediated contact inhibition of cell growth and S-phase entry. (2/4298)

In this study the direct involvement of cadherins in adhesion-mediated growth inhibition was investigated. It is shown here that overexpression of N-cadherin in CHO cells significantly suppresses their growth rate. Interaction of these cells and two additional fibroblastic lines with synthetic beads coated with N-cadherin ligands (recombinant N-cadherin ectodomain or specific antibodies) leads to growth arrest at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cadherin-reactive beads inhibit the entry into S phase and the reduction in the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p21 and p27, following serum-stimulation of starved cells. In exponentially growing cells these beads induce G1 arrest accompanied by elevation in p27 only. We propose that cadherin-mediated signaling is involved in contact inhibition of growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and elevation of p27 levels. (+info)

Leukemia translocation protein PLZF inhibits cell growth and expression of cyclin A. (3/4298)

The PLZF gene was identified by its fusion with the RARalpha locus in a therapy resistant form of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) associated with the t(11;17)(q23;q21) translocation. Here we describe PLZF as a negative regulator of cell cycle progression ultimately leading to growth suppression. PLZF can bind and repress the cyclin A2 promoter while expression of cyclin A2 reverts the growth suppressed phenotype of myeloid cells expressing PLZF. In contrast RARalpha-PLZF, a fusion protein generated in t(11;17)(q23;q21)-APL activates cyclin A2 transcription and allows expression of cyclin A in anchorage-deprived NIH3T3 cells. Therefore, cyclin A2 is a candidate target gene for PLZF and inhibition of cyclin A expression may contribute to the growth suppressive properties of PLZF. Deregulation of cyclin A2 by RARalpha-PLZF may represent an oncogenic mechanism of this chimeric protein and contribute to the aggressive clinical phenotype of t(11;17)(q23;q21)-associated APL. (+info)

Interleukin-6 dependent induction of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 is lost during progression of human malignant melanoma. (4/4298)

Human melanoma cell lines derived from early stage primary tumors are particularly sensitive to growth arrest induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6). This response is lost in cell lines derived from advanced lesions, a phenomenon which may contribute to tumor aggressiveness. We sought to determine whether resistance to growth inhibition by IL-6 can be explained by oncogenic alterations in cell cycle regulators or relevant components of intracellular signaling. Our results show that IL-6 treatment of early stage melanoma cell lines caused G1 arrest, which could not be explained by changes in levels of G1 cyclins (D1, E), cdks (cdk4, cdk2) or by loss of cyclin/cdk complex formation. Instead, IL-6 caused a marked induction of the cdk inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in three different IL-6 sensitive cell lines, two of which also showed a marked accumulation of the cdk inhibitor p27Kip1. In contrast, IL-6 failed to induce p21WAF1/CIP1 transcript and did not increase p21WAF1/CIP1 or p27kip1 proteins in any of the resistant lines. In fact, of five IL-6 resistant cell lines, only two expressed detectable levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA and protein, while in three other lines, p21WAF1/CIP1 was undetectable. IL-6 dependent upregulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 was associated with binding of both STAT3 and STAT1 to the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter. Surprisingly, however, IL-6 stimulated STAT binding to this promoter in both sensitive and resistant cell lines (with one exception), suggesting that gross deregulation of this event is not the unifying cause of the defect in p21WAF1/CIP1 induction in IL-6 resistant cells. In somatic cell hybrids of IL-6 sensitive and resistant cell lines, the resistant phenotype was dominant and IL-6 failed to induce p21WAF1/CIP1. Thus, our results suggest that in early stage human melanoma cells, IL-6 induced growth inhibition involves induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 which is lost in the course of tumor progression presumably as a result of a dominant oncogenic event. (+info)

Caffeine can override the S-M checkpoint in fission yeast. (5/4298)

The replication checkpoint (or 'S-M checkpoint') control prevents progression into mitosis when DNA replication is incomplete. Caffeine has been known for some time to have the capacity to override the S-M checkpoint in animal cells. We show here that caffeine also disrupts the S-M checkpoint in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. By contrast, no comparable effects of caffeine on the S. pombe DNA damage checkpoint were seen. S. pombe cells arrested in early S phase and then exposed to caffeine lost viability rapidly as they attempted to enter mitosis, which was accompanied by tyrosine dephosphorylation of Cdc2. Despite this, the caffeine-induced loss of viability was not blocked in a temperature-sensitive cdc2 mutant incubated at the restrictive temperature, although catastrophic mitosis was prevented under these conditions. This suggests that, in addition to S-M checkpoint control, a caffeine-sensitive function may be important for maintenance of cell viability during S phase arrest. The lethality of a combination of caffeine with the DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea was suppressed by overexpression of Cds1 or Chk1, protein kinases previously implicated in S-M checkpoint control and recovery from S phase arrest. In addition, the same combination of drugs was specifically tolerated in cells overexpressing either of two novel S. pombe genes isolated in a cDNA library screen. These findings should allow further molecular investigation of the regulation of S phase arrest, and may provide a useful system with which to identify novel drugs that specifically abrogate the checkpoint control. (+info)

Regulation of the start of DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (6/4298)

Cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were grown in minimal medium with different nitrogen sources under steady-state conditions, with doubling times ranging from 2.5 to 14 hours. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy confirmed earlier findings that at rapid growth rates, the G1 phase was short and cell separation occurred at the end of S phase. For some nitrogen sources, the growth rate was greatly decreased, the G1 phase occupied 30-50% of the cell cycle, and cell separation occurred in early G1. In contrast, other nitrogen sources supported low growth rates without any significant increase in G1 duration. The method described allows manipulation of the length of G1 and the relative cell cycle position of S phase in wild-type cells. Cell mass was measured by flow cytometry as scattered light and as protein-associated fluorescence. The extensions of G1 were not related to cell mass at entry into S phase. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the cells must reach a certain fixed, critical mass before entry into S. We suggest that cell mass at the G1/S transition point is variable and determined by a set of molecular parameters. In the present experiments, these parameters were influenced by the different nitrogen sources in a way that was independent of the actual growth rate. (+info)

Immunologic proliferation marker Ki-S2 as prognostic indicator for lymph node-negative breast cancer. (7/4298)

BACKGROUND: Proper treatment of lymph node-negative breast cancer depends on an accurate prognosis. To improve prognostic models for this disease, we evaluated whether an immunohistochemical marker for proliferating cells, Ki-S2 (a monoclonal antibody that binds to a 100-kd nuclear protein expressed in S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle), is an accurate indicator of prognosis. METHODS: We studied 371 Swedish women with lymph node-negative breast cancer; the median follow-up time was 95 months. The fraction of tumor cells in S phase was assessed by flow cytometry, and tumor cell proliferation was measured immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibodies Ki-S2 and Ki-S5 (directed against the nuclear antigen Ki-67). A combined prognostic index was calculated on the basis of the S-phase fraction, progesterone receptor content, and tumor size. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses that did or did not (263 and 332 observations, respectively) include the S-phase fraction and the combined prognostic index, the Ki-S2 labeling index (percentage of antibody-stained tumor cell nuclei) emerged as the most statistically significant predictor of overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival (all two-sided P<.0001). In the risk group defined by a Ki-S2 labeling index of 10% or less, life expectancy was not statistically significantly different from that of age-matched women without breast cancer, whereas the group with a high Ki-S2 labeling index had an increased risk of mortality of up to 20-fold. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular proliferation is a major determinant of the biologic behavior of breast cancer. Prognosis is apparently best indicated by the percentage of cells in S through M phases of the cell cycle. Measurement of the Ki-S2 labeling index of a tumor sample may improve a clinician's ability to make an accurate prognosis and to identify patients with a low risk of recurrence who may not need adjuvant therapy. (+info)

Fus3p and Kss1p control G1 arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a balance of distinct arrest and proliferative functions that operate in parallel with Far1p. (8/4298)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating pheromones activate two MAP kinases (MAPKs), Fus3p and Kss1p, to induce G1 arrest prior to mating. Fus3p is known to promote G1 arrest by activating Far1p, which inhibits three Clnp/Cdc28p kinases. To analyze the contribution of Fus3p and Kss1p to G1 arrest that is independent of Far1p, we constructed far1 CLN strains that undergo G1 arrest from increased activation of the mating MAP kinase pathway. We find that Fus3p and Kss1p both control G1 arrest through multiple functions that operate in parallel with Far1p. Fus3p and Kss1p together promote G1 arrest by repressing transcription of G1/S cyclin genes (CLN1, CLN2, CLB5) by a mechanism that blocks their activation by Cln3p/Cdc28p kinase. In addition, Fus3p and Kss1p counteract G1 arrest through overlapping and distinct functions. Fus3p and Kss1p together increase the expression of CLN3 and PCL2 genes that promote budding, and Kss1p inhibits the MAP kinase cascade. Strikingly, Fus3p promotes proliferation by a novel function that is not linked to reduced Ste12p activity or increased levels of Cln2p/Cdc28p kinase. Genetic analysis suggests that Fus3p promotes proliferation through activation of Mcm1p transcription factor that upregulates numerous genes in G1 phase. Thus, Fus3p and Kss1p control G1 arrest through a balance of arrest functions that inhibit the Cdc28p machinery and proliferative functions that bypass this inhibition. (+info)

Look up Phase, phase, or phases in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Phase or phases may refer to: State of matter, or phase, ... Phase 2 (disambiguation) Phase 3 (disambiguation) Phase 4 (disambiguation) Phase 5 (disambiguation) Phase space (disambiguation ... Phase space formulation, a formulation of quantum mechanics in phase space Phase (waves), the position of a point in time (an ... Phase (band), a Greek alternative rock band Phases (band), an indie pop American band, formerly known as JJAMZ Phase (album), a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase

The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell ... Around 30 to 40 percent of cell cycle time is spent in the G1 phase. G1 phase together with the S phase and G2 phase comprise ... The G1/S checkpoint is the point between G1 phase and the S phase in which the cell is cleared for progression into the S phase ... the G1 phase is barely existent and is defined as the gap, if one exists, between the end of mitosis and the S phase. G1 phase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G1_phase

... is a health science and pop culture podcast that aims to debunk health and wellness-industry myths and ... "Maintenance Phase Twitter Status". Twitter. Retrieved June 1, 2022. Dibdin, Emma (January 27, 2022). "For an Antidote to Diet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance_Phase

... is a 1986 American made-for-television thriller drama film directed by Tony Richardson and starring Peter Strauss ... Penalty Phase at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Short description is ... Penalty Phase' looks at problems of a judge". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November 2015. Allan Jalon (November 20, 1986 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_Phase

This permits the expression of the pupil-plane phase aberrations φ {\displaystyle \varphi } to the image plane Fourier phase as ... New Brown Dwarf Binaries from Kernel Phase Interferometry [2] Ireland 2013 : Phase errors in diffraction-limited imaging: ... This equation can be used for model-fitting as it represents the interpretation of a sub-space of the Fourier phase that is ... In order to extract kernel-phases from an image, some requirements must be met: Images are nyquist-sampled (at least 2 pixels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-phase

Multiplying the equation of a plane wave Aei(k·r − ωt) by a phase factor shifts the phase of the wave by θ: e i θ A e i ( k ⋅ r ... In optics, the phase factor is an important quantity in the treatment of interference. Berry phase Bra-ket notation Euler's ... However, differences in phase factors between two interacting quantum states can sometimes be measurable (such as in the Berry ... For any complex number written in polar form (such as r eiθ), the phase factor is the complex exponential factor (eiθ). As such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_factor

... is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture. The most common type of phase ... Colloids are formed by phase separation, though not all phase separations forms colloids - for example oil and water can form ... Phase separation also exists in ultracold gas systems. It has been shown experimentally in a two-component ultracold Fermi gas ... The phase separation can compete with other phenomena as vortex lattice formation or an exotic Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_separation

... may refer to: Phase reversal Phase inversion (chemistry) This disambiguation page lists articles associated ... with the title Phase inversion. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_inversion

750~150 BCE Pigeon Phase, ca. 200 BCE-100 CE Connestee Phase, 150-1000 CE Pisgah phase, 1000-1500 CE Qualla Phase, ca. 1500 CE- ... 7500-4300 BCE Morrow Mountain Phase, ca. 4300-2500 BCE Savannah River Phase, ca. 2500-750 BCE Swannanoa Phase, ca. ... The Qualla Phase pottery that followed is thought to have resulted from be the result of the merging of Lamar and Pisgah phases ... The Pisgah phase (1000 to 1450/1500 CE) is an archaeological phase of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisgah_phase

Official website Phase 7 at IMDb Phase 7 at Rotten Tomatoes The director talks about the film (in Spanish) (Articles with short ... "Phase 7". M-Appeal.com. Retrieved 2014-03-15. Miska, Brad (2011-06-20). "Bloody Disgusting Selects: 'Phase 7' Hits Theaters ... "Phase 7 (2011)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-03-15. Nelson, Rob (2011-07-06). "Review: 'Phase 7'". Variety. Retrieved 2014- ... Keough, Peter (2011-07-12). "Review: Phase 7". The Phoenix. Retrieved 2014-03-15. Hewitt, Chris (2011-07-13). "'Phase 7' review ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_7

... (RP) refer to : Reversed-phase chromatography, any chromatographic method that uses a non-polar stationary phase ... Reverse phase protein lysate microarray, a micro-cell lysate dot-blot that allows measurement of protein expression levels This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Reverse phase. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_phase

It is now widely accepted that the anti-phase cell firing that results from phase precession is an important component of ... O'Keefe and Recce termed this advancement relative to the wave phase "phase precession". Subsequent studies showed that each ... Bose A, Recce M (19 June 2001). "Phase precession and phase-locking of hippocampal pyramidal cells". Hippocampus. 11 (3): 204- ... or whether phase precession was a peculiar property of hippocampal tissue. The finding that theta wave phase precession is also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_precession

Phase lineup on Musicbrainz.org Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phase (band). Official website Phase discography at ... Phase (26 April 2015). "Phase Back on Track #2 ~ Perdition". Phaseship - The Phase Archives. Retrieved 12 October 2016. " ... Phase". Billboard magazine. 124 (21): 36. ISSN 0006-2510. OCLC 732913734. Retrieved 23 June 2012. "Phase - New Songs, Playlists ... Phase /feɪz/ is a UK-based rock band formed in Larissa, Greece in 2003. It was founded by Thanos Grigoriou, who was performing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(band)

... is Maria Mena's debut album, which was released by Sony Music Norway. It reached #6 on the Norwegian charts. Her ... Album information from cdon Maria Mena's Official Website v t e "Norwegian album certifications - Maria Mena - Another Phase" ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Phase

Phase line, 1-dimensional case Phase space, n-dimensional case Phase portrait D.W. Jordan; P. Smith (2007). Non-Linear Ordinary ... any pair of variables). It is a two-dimensional case of the general n-dimensional phase space. The phase plane method refers to ... The entire field is the phase portrait, a particular path taken along a flow line (i.e. a path always tangent to the vectors) ... In this way, phase planes are useful in visualizing the behaviour of physical systems; in particular, of oscillatory systems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_plane

In signal processing, linear phase is a property of a filter where the phase response of the filter is a linear function of ... Some examples of linear and non-linear phase are shown below. A discrete-time filter with linear phase may be achieved by an ... Therefore, both magnitude and phase graphs (Bode plots) are customarily used to examine a filter's linearity. A "linear" phase ... has a maximally flat group delay approximation function a phase equalizer A filter is called a linear phase filter if the phase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_phase

... methods exist in two main domains: Acoustic phase conjugation Optical phase conjugation A. P. Brysev et al., ... As in time reversal, the wave re-emitted by a phase conjugation mirror will auto-compensate the phase distortion and auto-focus ... Propagation of a time reversal replica demonstrates a remarkable property of phase-conjugated wave fields. Phase conjugation of ... Wave phase conjugation of ultrasonic beams, Physics-Uspekhi (1998) Okulov, A Yu (2008). "Angular momentum of photons and phase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_conjugation

Look up phase angle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Phase angle may refer to: Phase (waves), the angular displacement of a ... instantaneous phase of an analytic signal representation Phase angle (astronomy), the angle between the incident light and ... angular component of the complex number representation of a sinusoid Analytic representation phase, ... reflected light Angle Polar coordinate system This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Phase angle. If ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_angle

From early Angel 2 phase to late Angel 3 phase, the percentage of decorated sherds relative to all sherds declined from 3% to ... The proposed Angel 1 phase (Stephan-Steinkamp phase, 1100 to 1200?), is represented only by pottery sherds in the vicinity of, ... Angel phase archaeological sites date from c. 1050 - 1350 CE and are located on the northern and southern sides of the Ohio ... During this phase at Angel, pottery design indicates that this was the same time period as when Middle Wickliffe transitioned ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_phase

... (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. ... S phase index (SPI) S-fraction or S-phase fraction (oncology/pathology prognosis) Restriction point David M (2007). The cell ... Throughout M phase and G1 phase, cells assemble inactive pre-replication complexes (pre-RC) on replication origins distributed ... This process depends on the kinase activity of Cdc7 and various S-phase CDKs, both of which are upregulated upon S-phase entry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_phase

The track "Pure Phase" was the basis for a limited edition release called "Pure Phase Tones For DJs", which consisted of 16 ... "Pure Phase - Spiritualized". AllMusic. Retrieved 4 January 2016. Kot, Greg (30 March 1995). "Spiritualized: Pure Phase ( ... Mulvey, John (July 2021). "Spiritualized: Pure Phase". Mojo. No. 332. p. 99. "Spiritualized: Pure Phase". Q. No. 102. March ... Pure Phase is the second studio album by Spiritualized, released on 28 March 1995. The album was recorded in the Moles Studio ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_Phase

... (Quarta Fase, QF) is a faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. The name of the ... This phase, according to the faction's website, started with the foundation of Democracy is Freedom - The Daisy (DL), that put ... Fourth Phase (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from February 2022, CS1 maint: archived ... The failure of The Populars to be a united faction led Fioroni, Franceschini and Soro, backed by Marini, to set Fourth Phase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Phase

... "Boss Burger N' Chips (Remix) - From Exclusives for Others by Inverse Phase". Inverse Phase (via Bandcamp). ... Inverse Phase - Shuttle Scuttle OST released Inverse Phase. "Pretty Eight Machine". Inverse Phase (via (Bandcamp). Retrieved ... Inverse Phase. "Nine Inch Nintendos? 8-Bit Nails? Something like that!". Inverse Phase (via Kickstarter). Retrieved March 9, ... Inverse Phase - VGMdb "Music , Inverse Phase". Bandcamp. Retrieved August 9, 2022. Stinson, Elizabeth (September 28, 2010). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_Phase

The phase detector needs to compute the phase difference of its two input signals. Let α be the phase of the first input and β ... The phase detector is an essential element of the phase-locked loop (PLL). Detecting phase difference is important in other ... A phase detector for a bang-bang charge pump must always have a dead band where the phases of inputs are close enough that the ... Phase detectors for phase-locked loop circuits may be classified in two types. A Type I detector is designed to be driven by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_detector

The imperial phase is the period in which a musical artist is regarded to be at their commercial and creative peak ... While its original usage implied that an imperial phase was a one-time occurrence for a single artist, artists have been ... Finally, "self-definition" is the concept that the imperial phase defines the rest of the artist's career; future works will be ... Macpherson, Alex (10 January 2019). "Ariana Grande's Imperial Phase As A Pop Star Began In Earnest With 'Thank U, Next'". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_phase

The difference between a minimum phase and a general transfer function is that a minimum phase system has all of the poles and ... only for a minimum-phase system, the phase response of H(s) is related to the gain by arg ⁡ [ H ( j ω ) ] = − H { log ⁡ ( , H ... only the class of minimum phase systems is closed under inversion. Intuitively, the minimum phase part of a general causal ... A minimum-phase system, whether discrete-time or continuous-time, has an additional useful property that the natural logarithm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_phase

... refers to a period in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, when drastic changes in ceramics and masonry ... and the masonry and layout of great houses built during the McElmo phase, which was the last major construction era in the ... which overlaps with the McElmo Phase. Archeologists initially suggested that the McElmo influence was brought to Chaco Canyon ... canyon, differ significantly from those built during the early parts of the Bonito Phase (850 to 1140), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McElmo_Phase

... is a brief transitional phase between the Ġgantija and Tarxien phases, the two main phases during which the principal ... The Saflieni phase is one of the eleven phases of Maltese prehistory, the fourth of five in the middle or Temple period. It is ... 21 Saflieni-phase ceramics may provide a useful indication of separation between the two long phases.: 45 They have been ... The Saflieni phase, from approximately 3300-3000 BC,[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saflieni_phase

Early contrasting views either considered non-proliferating cells to simply be in an extended G1 phase or in a cell cycle phase ... Stem cell quiescence has been recently suggested to be composed of two distinct functional phases, G0 and an 'alert' phase ... The G0 phase describes a cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle. Classically, cells were thought to enter G0 ... Thus it was thought of as a resting phase. G0 is now known to take different forms and occur for multiple reasons. For example ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G0_phase

A phase splitter is a device that separates a signal[clarification needed] into multiple phases (or polarities). The term is ... Phase Splitters - Transistors Tutorial Part 2: "Bipolar Transistors" "A high performance phase splitter". EXPERIMENTO COM UM ... but opposite phase, voltages on the outputs. This technique was first described by O.H. Schmitt. if the shared emitter (or ... 180 degrees phase difference), but sometimes is used to refer to the generation of quadrature signals (i.e. differing by 90 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_splitter

Supercrystal: A hidden phase of matter created by a burst of light Peer-Reviewed Publication Penn State ... image: A 3D image of a supercrystal from phase-field simulations using the software μ-PRO. view more ... This put the whole system into a delicate but "frustrated" state with multiple phases randomly distributed in the volume. At ... Supercrystal: A hidden phase of matter created by a burst of light. Penn State ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/461776

Los Angeles Times:. And Obamas recent moves regarding a lawsuit by detainees have left some liberal groups and Bush critics, including the American Civil Liberties Union, feeling betrayed, given that Obama was a harsh critic of Bushs detainee policies when running for office last year.. The anxiety is also being felt in the labor movement, one of Obamas most important support bases. Some union officials and their allies are frustrated that at a crucial point in negotiations over his massive stimulus package, Obama seemed to call for limits on "Buy American" provisions in the bill aimed at making sure stimulus money would be spent on U.S.-made materials.. Obama has been president for less than a month, and his liberal critics concede that the economic crisis has understandably taken the focus off their issues. But some of the issues in play were crucial to building excitement on the left and mobilizing grass-roots support for Obamas candidacy.. Read more ...

https://www.truthdig.com/articles/and-now-for-the-disillusionment-phase/

... in the mould of the venerable MXR Phase 100. However, where the MXR sets the intensity with a four-way rotary switch, ... Wed have liked the top speed of the phasing to be faster but this is still very usable phasing for effect with the four ... However, where the MXR sets the intensity with a four-way rotary switch, the Phase Shifter offers a pair of two-way switches ... This is a 10-stage phaser with variable speed and four preset levels of intensity, in the mould of the venerable MXR Phase 100 ...

https://www.musicradar.com/reviews/guitars/akai-phase-shifter-534376

... EasyChair Preprint no. 3791. 10 pages•Date: July 8, 2020 ... Evaluating Smart PSS Solutions with Context-Awareness in Usage Phase}, howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint no. 3791}, year = { ... a context-aware approach to evaluate the smart PSS performance before launching to the market and even during the usage phase. ... the smart PSS performance and whether it is worth to reallocate the resources of product-service bundles during the usage phase ...

https://www.easychair.org/publications/preprint/KjS6

"We look forward to exploring the findings from our Phase 1b trial further in the ongoing randomized Phase 2 PINNACLE clinical ... Tarextumab in Small Cell Lung Cancer Phase 1b Results. The Phase 1b open-label study enrolled a total of 27 patients with ... OncoMed Presents Phase 1b Clinical Trial Data for Tarextumab in Small Cell Lung Cancer at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting. Dose- ... Data from the Phase 1b study of tarextumab were presented today by Dr. M. Catherine Pietanza, M.D., of Memorial Sloan-Kettering ...

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/06/01/740955/10136703/en/OncoMed-Presents-Phase-1b-Clinical-Trial-Data-for-Tarextumab-in-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer-at-the-2015-ASCO-Annual-Meeting.html

The following checklist may be useful for identifying missing or incorrect elements in your Phase II Science Program. Please ... Have you included a Phase II filling note to the top of the program.The title of the notes should be Phase II filling - ... Phase II was overfilled, of the N science observations execute only M of them (this option is used when the PI overfills the ... The Phase II was filled to only N hours, as the PI wants to assess data from the first observations before defining ...

https://www.gemini.edu/observing/phase-ii/otphase-ii-checklist

... Head Coach Frank Reich meets with the media following the conclusion of Colts ...

https://www.colts.com/video/frank-reich-phase-3-minicamp-conclusion

User Data Phase. During the user data phase, character replacement at the end of frame and end of multiframe is ... User Data Phase Character replacement for non-scrambled data Character replacement for scrambled data ...

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/programmable/683442/21-3-19-2-0/user-data-phase.html

Thank you for being here! We are so glad to be back for Phase Seven: Emergence, September 30 - October 2, 2022 at Stable ...

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf3oaTlQuqaoWM2yFlSOMUX8kFmghd2S3NMKrgvo42hs6gQ9Q/viewform?usp=send_form

said Tuesday it ended a Phase III study for an experimental lung-cancer drug called figitumumab that had been associated with ...

https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704234304574626680584980594

Konami of Europe has announced the second phase of its phenomenally successful Yu-Gi-Oh! ONLINE campaign, with a new DU… ... Yu-Gi-Oh!™ ONLINE enters Phase 2 Konami of Europe unveils DUELPASS Phase 2 as Yu-Gi-Oh!s online presence continues to expand ... Phase 2 of the game has been designed to add further variety to the online action, with the new cards adding more traps, ... Yu-Gi-Oh! ONLINE Phase 2 will be launched for PC in November. For more information, please contact Steve Merrett at Voltage PR ...

https://www.gamesindustry.biz/yu-gi-oh-online-enters-phase-2

In the acute phase, the patient should apply ice to the nose and elevate the head to aid in reduction of any swelling present. ... Acute Phase. Medical Issues/Complications. High-force midfacial injuries may involve structures other than the nose itself. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/84829-115919/how-is-septal-hematoma-treated-in-patients-with-nasal-fractures

... important growth phase with a reversal of the firms recent production decline in Ukraine and had continued to grow its new ...

https://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/125643/jkx_in_an_important_growth_phase/

Phase Diagrams BIBLIOGRAPHY Source for information on Phase Diagrams: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences ... They can be one-dimensional (called a phase line ) or two-dimensional, involving a two-dimensional phase space. Phase diagrams ... Phase Diagrams. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Phase diagrams display the characteristics of dynamical systems. They include fixed points ( ... Economic Dynamics: Phase Diagrams and Their Economic Application. 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/phase-diagrams

Make newsstand-quality magazines, flyers, posters, pamphlets, and more. Create print and digital versions using Adobe InDesign and Photoshop with our custom publishing platform.

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... noting that phase two will not commence until at least two weeks after phase one. ... New Yorks second phase of reopening will require individual businesses input.. "This is not a one-sided equation here," Cuomo ... Governor Andrew Cuomo Discusses Phases of Reopening New York. By Emily Czachor On 4/26/20 at 1:33 PM EDT. ... The first phase will allow construction and manufacturing companies to resume operations, though determining which entities can ...

https://www.newsweek.com/governor-andrew-cuomo-discusses-phases-reopening-new-york-1500276

High quality Moon Phases-inspired gifts and merchandise. T-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more, designed and sold ... moon phases, moon phases, moon phases, moon phases, moon phases, moon phases, moon phases housewares, moon phases coffee cup, ... lunar, phases, moon, moon phases, moon phase, phase, lunar phases, lunar phase, tumblr, style, fashion, glam, glamour, love, ... moon phases, moon, luna, lune, moon phases, moon phases, moon toaster, moon, moon art, black, phases of the moon, la lune, la ...

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The fundamental component of this project is to implement the Phase II of the Banks 2010 loan as originally envisaged, i.e. ... Based on the findings, the ESAP for Phase I has been revised. ... consultants included review of the existing reports for Phase I ...

https://www.ebrd.com/sites/Satellite?c=Content&cid=1395247173758&pagename=EBRD%2FContent%2FContentLayout&rendermode=live%3Fsrch-pg%3FfilterCountry%3DCroatia

Web survey powered by SurveyMonkey.com. Create your own online survey now with SurveyMonkeys expert certified FREE templates.

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Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license ...

https://l3s.de/wiki/doku.php?id=softwareprojekt08:concept_design_phase&ns=projectp&tab_files=files&do=media&tab_details=history&image=softwareprojekt08%3Aralfswp08.pdf

... dainty details and eye-catching prints in the Phase Eight collection. Find casual styles and elevated pieces at M&S ... Phase Eight. PHASE EIGHT. In the Phase Eight collection, flattering cuts are key for both everyday designs and occasionwear. ...

https://www.marksandspencer.com/l/brands/phase-eight?filter=Product%20Type=Dresses

Season Two MVP Thandie Newton Shines in Westworlds Scattered "Phase Space". (Episode 2.06). By Jacob Oller , May 28, 2018 , 10 ... "Phase Space" starts off with an error. Dolores, after bumping Teddy (James Marsden) up to maximum badassitude, is getting a ...

https://www.pastemagazine.com/tv/westworld/westworld-review-phase-space/

This page provides a step-by-step process of the fourth phase of building a training cadre - Evaluation. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/tths/trainingcadre/phase4.htm

... and Moon phase in Ghatshila - Jharkhand - India for December 2022. When and where does the Moon rise and set? ... Moon Phases*Night Sky*Meteor Showers*Day and Night Map*Moon Light World Map*Eclipses*Live Streams*Seasons ... Sun & Moon Today Sunrise & Sunset Moonrise & Moonset Moon Phases Eclipses Night Sky ...

https://www.timeanddate.com/moon/india/ghatshila

This example shows how to control and initialize a Synchronous Machine (SM).

https://www.mathworks.com/help/sps/ug/three-phase-synchronous-machine-control.html

The Syrian army has successfully concluded the first phase of its operation in the strategic western city of Qusayr. ...

https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/syria/2013/syria-130523-presstv01.htm

Phase 3: Based on Phase 1 and Phase 2, develop a screening method which accurately predicts the standard test performance, and ... 1] The project is in the 2nd year of phase 1. The long term vision is to enable the development of new gas phase fire ... Phase 1: Understand mechanism of phosphorus FR systems.. *Phase 2: Understand the mechanism of and antimony/bromine FR systems ... Some progress has been made in understanding the gas-phase inhibition mechanism of some species of interest as gas-phase FRs, ...

https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/advanced-gas-phase-fire-retardants-project

Time for next phase of Yankees season By Ken Davidoff Social Links for Ken Davidoff * View Author Archive ... But its time for the next phase, the one in which they have talent that can actually match their toughest competitors. That ... Could Joe Girardis group be receiving a starker signal that theyre entering a new phase of 2013? ...

https://nypost.com/2013/05/31/time-for-next-phase-of-yankees-season/

U.S. Manufacturings Next Phase. Richard M. Daley and Bruce Katz Wednesday, May 9, 2012. ...

https://www.brookings.edu/articles/u-s-manufacturings-next-phase/

CHICAGO, June 1, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Nasdaq:OMED) presented new survival and biomarker data and updated clinical response and safety results from its Phase 1b clinical trial of tarextumab (anti-Notch2/3, OMP-59R5) in patients with first-line extensive-stage small cell lung cancer at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting. (globenewswire.com)
We look forward to exploring the findings from our Phase 1b trial further in the ongoing randomized Phase 2 PINNACLE clinical trial of tarextumab plus platinum-based therapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. (globenewswire.com)

A new study by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the Daffodil Centre (a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, Australia), and partners assesses changes in tobacco smoking behaviours during the early pre-vaccination phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. (who.int)
The findings, published in the journal eClinicalMedicine , suggest that there was a relative reduction of 13% in overall smoking prevalence - the proportion of the population who smoke - during the early phase of the pandemic in 2020 compared with the years before the pandemic. (who.int)

We are so glad to be back for Phase Seven: Emergence, September 30 - October 2, 2022 at Stable Studios. (google.com)

Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. (oecd.org)
and WHEREAS: The approved DWFMP recommended parallel tracks for phasing and implementation of elementary and high school projects. (scasd.org)
Following the successful implementation of the first phase, the AWHC initiative continues its mission of placing young African women professionals aged between 22 and 35 years as UN Volunteer health champions across WHO Country Offices in Africa. (who.int)

Serum progesterone levels have been studied as a means to diagnose luteal phase deficiency (LPD). (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] Ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness has not been shown to be effective in the prediction of luteal phase deficiency. (medscape.com)
In 1950, Noyes, Hertig, and Rock established that the diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is centered on histologic dating of the endometrium. (medscape.com)
Boutzios G, Karalaki M, Zapanti E. Common pathophysiological mechanisms involved in luteal phase deficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis and treatment of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion. (medscape.com)
The goals of pharmacotherapy in luteal phase deficiency are to restore ovarian function, reduce morbidity, and prevent complications. (medscape.com)
Current clinical irrelevance of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion. (medscape.com)

Figure one shows the World Health Organization's "Continuum of Pandemic Phases," displayed as a distribution curve of the hypothetical global average of pandemic cases over time based on a continued pandemic risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
From left to right, the curve shows the increase and decrease of the global average of pandemic cases across four phases of the pandemic continuum. (cdc.gov)
The phases in the continuum also overlap with the stages of the pandemic risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
The global average of cases greatly increase through the "alert" and "pandemic" phases, with the greatest global average of cases occurring in the "pandemic" phase. (cdc.gov)
The figure shows a slight increase of the global average of cases during the "transition" phase, indicating a possible second wave of pandemic cases. (cdc.gov)

India should implement phased reduction in tariffs for the alcoholic beverages (alcobev) sector and create transparent policies, according to Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (Icrier). (financialexpress.com)

The fundamental component of this project is to implement the Phase II of the Bank's 2010 loan as originally envisaged, i.e. restructure the financing into a limited recourse structure. (ebrd.com)
Phase 2 of the game has been designed to add further variety to the online action, with the new cards adding more traps, monsters and spells for the player to implement in their Yu-Gi-Oh! (gamesindustry.biz)
Now that Central Bucks officially began to implement Phase 2 of Distance Learning, it is expected that students will learn new material as well as maintain the skills they received during Distance Learning in order to make a smoother transition once school is back in session. (cbsd.org)

These events involved offsite power circuits with one open phase. (nrc.gov)

Phase diagrams display the characteristics of dynamical systems. (encyclopedia.com)
Phase diagrams have been employed in a number of areas in the social sciences. (encyclopedia.com)
Phase diagrams can also be used to display discrete systems of difference equations or continuous systems of differential equations - although the latter is the most common. (encyclopedia.com)
This course will explore higher-level details about phase diagrams, including the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram. (coursera.org)
The use of principles of the Fe-Fe3C phase diagrams to predict microstructures and properties of carbon steel alloys. (coursera.org)
In this module, we will examine phase diagrams and the Fe-Fe3C model system. (coursera.org)

The Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit Earth, but the lunar phase cycle (from new Moon to new Moon) is 29.5 days. (stardate.org)

Herein, the therapeutic potential and safety of early Elabela intervention treatment in treating phase 1 ROP and the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated using an oxygen -induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. (bvsalud.org)
baseline audit (phase 1), educational intervention (phase 2) and post-intervention audit (phase 3). (bvsalud.org)

For more research news, visit https://www.upc-osaka.ac.jp/new-univ/en-research/research/ or follow @OsakaMetUniv_en and #OMUScience . (eurekalert.org)

Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have discovered an unprecedented phase transition during which crystals achieve amorphous characteristics while retaining their crystalline properties. (eurekalert.org)
This research aimed at describing the characteristics of the acquisition phase, the first phase of the family life cycle, marked by the union of the couple and the living with small children. (bvsalud.org)

In the acute phase, the patient should apply ice to the nose and elevate the head to aid in reduction of any swelling present. (medscape.com)

The primary focus for Phase Two, which will be rolled out in early 2019, will be to develop EV fast charger stations along I-295, I-95 through Bangor, and along coastal Route 1 to fill out a network of EV fast chargers as far as Bar Harbor. (efficiencymaine.com)
The school plans to begin renovation work on its second phase in 2019. (tcbmag.com)

Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker announces the start of Phase 1B of coronavirus vaccinations in the state. (nbcchicago.com)
The first phase will allow construction and manufacturing companies to resume operations, though determining which entities can reopen and when depends on their location-in addition to their ability to uphold safety measures to protect against the coronavirus' further spread. (newsweek.com)
Per the White House's national reopening plan, a region cannot initiate phase one until it reports a 14-day decline in new coronavirus cases. (newsweek.com)

Construction on the phase-one project began in December of 2017 and was completed in August 2018. (tcbmag.com)

Facing to the problems of disequilibrium of service investment and the expected values, it is critical to determine when to evaluate the smart PSS performance and whether it is worth to reallocate the resources of product-service bundles during the usage phase. (easychair.org)
In this article, we treat the smart PSS evaluation process as a complex and multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) problem, and propose a context-aware approach to evaluate the smart PSS performance before launching to the market and even during the usage phase. (easychair.org)
LPTN ), the industry leader in bioactive lipid-targeted therapeutics, announced today completion of its Phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of Lpathomab™ in healthy volunteers. (prnewswire.com)
This event, and others similar to it, led the NRC and the nuclear power industry to evaluate open phase conditions. (nrc.gov)
Either way, CPM can help your team plan your project work during the pre-construction phase, track deliverables during the construction phase, evaluate project delivery, and close out at the end of the initiative. (asana.com)
SOLO3 is a Phase 3 randomized, open-label, controlled, multi-center trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LYNPARZA tablets following two or more prior lines of chemotherapy. (merck.com)

KENILWORTH, N.J.-( BUSINESS WIRE )-AstraZeneca and Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada), today presented full results from the Phase 3 SOLO3 trial which evaluated LYNPARZA, compared to chemotherapy, for the treatment of platinum-sensitive relapsed patients with germline BRCA1/2 -mutated (g BRCA m) advanced ovarian cancer, who have received two more prior lines of chemotherapy. (merck.com)

Cite this: Late-Phase Reaction in Ocular Allergy - Medscape - Oct 01, 2008. (medscape.com)

State and local health departments should include mental health management in each phase of a disaster (pre-event, response, recovery, and evaluation). (cdc.gov)
Hajishaiha M, Ghasemi-Rad M, Karimpour N, Mladkova N, Boromand F. Transvaginal sonographic evaluation at different menstrual cycle phases in diagnosis of uterine lesions. (medscape.com)

The Phase II was filled to only N hours, as the PI wants to assess data from the first observations before defining observations for the remainder of the allocation. (gemini.edu)

erratic temps during follicular phase? (mothering.com)
Does anyone know if erratic BBT temps during the follicular phase mean anything? (mothering.com)
Dh and I are about to start cycle 4 of TTC and I am wondering if I should be taking something/doing something during the follicular phase. (mothering.com)
I don't know what follicular phase means. (mothering.com)
If follicular phase means before O, then it is fine for temps to bounce around. (mothering.com)
If follicular phase means after O, then as long as they are above the cover line, it is okay. (mothering.com)
Yep, follicular phase is before O. I read somewhere that temps on a 'normal' chart, shouldn't bounce around more than .5 degrees before O. (mothering.com)

Based on the findings, the ESAP for Phase I has been revised. (ebrd.com)
Abnormal uterine findings were de Recherche et d'Application en identified in 95.8% of patients attending hysteroscopy at GESHRTH. (who.int)

Osaka, Japan - If you have ever watched water freeze to ice, you have witnessed what physicists call a 'phase transition. (eurekalert.org)
A typical phase transition exhibited by crystalline solids involves a change in the crystal structure. (eurekalert.org)
In the dielectric compound Ba 1- x Sr x Al 2 O 4 , the structural phase transition is driven by an acoustic soft mode, the atomic vibration pattern of which is similar to that of sound waves. (eurekalert.org)
The global average of cases greatly decreases moving into the "transition" phase, which overlaps with the "recovery" stage of the risk assessment. (cdc.gov)

Some authors believe that mid-luteal phase biopsy is the best for accurate diagnosis of LPD. (medscape.com)
Sonntag B, Ludwig M. An integrated view on the luteal phase: diagnosis and treatment in subfertility. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis and appropriate correction of intrauterine anomalies are considered et d'Application en Chirurgie essential in order to increase chances of conception. (who.int)

Brangwynne, a biophysicist specializing in soft matter physics, is a founder of the field of biomolecular condensates, having discovered and elucidated the biophysical principles underlying how liquid-liquid phase separation drives the organization, material properties, function, and dysfunction of the membraneless organelles. (genengnews.com)

Given these elements, the trajectory of the system is defined and can be plotted in a phase diagram . (encyclopedia.com)
This figure also shows a typical phase diagram in two-dimensional space. (encyclopedia.com)
We will use the Fe-Fe3C phase diagram to predict the possible phases and microstructures of a steel alloy based on its composition. (coursera.org)

Nereid says its drug discovery efforts will focus initially on forms of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases where pathological protein behaviors appear to be governed or influenced by phase transitions. (genengnews.com)
Such structural phase transitions usually occur at finite temperatures. (eurekalert.org)

Najmuddin said with the completion of Phase Two - which stretches for another 19 stations to Kajang - operations would begin to serve the estimated 1.2 million people living along that that corridor. (thestar.com.my)
The Construction Administrator must remain involved throughout the design phases to monitor and work towards the successful completion of design of the construction documents. (calstate.edu)

Losing one or two phases, with or without ground, on the primary (high voltage) side of a transformer connected to the transmission system can cause unbalanced voltage on the secondary (low voltage) side of the transformer, connected to plant safety equipment. (nrc.gov)

Again, take the results of phase one and phase two of history and layer on top this new contradiction, and the defensiveness is easier to see. (dawn.com)
Russia and Ukraine-focused JKX Oil & Gas used its results for 2012 to confirm that it has embarked on an 'important growth phase' with a reversal of the firm's recent production decline in Ukraine and had continued to grow its new Russian production. (rigzone.com)
If LPD is caused by hypothyroidism, correction of endocrine disease results in normal luteal phase. (medscape.com)

This is the fourth positive Phase 2 or Phase 3 trial in advanced ovarian cancer for LYNPARZA across multiple lines of therapy. (merck.com)

Nereid Therapeutics says its drug discovery platform is based on proprietary technologies aimed at precisely measuring, interrogating, and controlling phase separation in mammalian cells. (genengnews.com)
While it is known that phase separation and biomolecular condensate formation in mammalian cells play roles in disease processes, it has been difficult to measure the impact of therapeutics on those processes until now. (genengnews.com)
We can use these approaches as fingerprints of the underlying biomolecular driving forces at play in cells, and then ask how those driving forces are modulated when subjected to therapeutics," Brangwynne told GEN. "We think that it's a really completely new way of understanding how to modulate the phase behavior within a living cell. (genengnews.com)

At the new Moon phase, the Moon is so close to the Sun in the sky that none of the side facing Earth is illuminated (position 1 in illustration). (stardate.org)
But if a certain moon phase gives me even a slight advantage, I'll take it. (outdoorlife.com)
The rut guide I provide on my site ( bigdeer.com ) season was spot on based on these moon phase observations last year. (outdoorlife.com)

The Phase 1b open-label study enrolled a total of 27 patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer who had not received prior treatment for extensive stage disease. (globenewswire.com)
Pfizer Inc. said Tuesday it ended a Phase III study for an experimental lung-cancer drug called figitumumab that had been associated with an unexpected number of deaths in testing among patients. (wsj.com)
The U-Mass Lowell PHASE in healthcare research project has been a five-year NIOSH-funded study of health disparities among healthcare workers. (cdc.gov)
While using the conjunctival provocation test (CPT), which was initially employed to study the early-phase response (EPR), researchers discovered that the conjunctiva also exhibited a dose-dependent LPR. (medscape.com)
The study was carried through with 50 middle-class families, in the acquisition phase of the Family Life Cycle, from the city of Vitória, ES. (bvsalud.org)
The primary objective of this study was to conduct a mixed-method qualitative assessment by using nominal group technique (NGT) (phase 1) and traditional focus group technique (phase 2) to determine what features should be included in an Internet-based tool to promote PA in overweight and obese young adult AA women. (cdc.gov)

The FR additives, principally the bromine compounds and antimony oxide (almost always added with bromine, and also under regulatory pressure) both are believed to work in the gas phase by interfering with the combustion chemistry. (nist.gov)
Industrial chemists, while very good at understanding the condensed-phase chemistry related to forming stable FR additives and their interaction with the base polymer, have little insight into what they are aiming to achieve in the gas phase: i.e., what compounds actually need to make it to the gas phase, and what they need to do once they are there. (nist.gov)
The phase chemistry selection allows users to screen for the retention and selectivity required to achieve sample preparation objectives. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Illinois and Chicago have both entered the next phase of their vaccination rollout, called Phase 1b, increasing the eligibility to millions of residents. (nbcchicago.com)

Participating in Phase III of SCOAP 3 demonstrates APS's ongoing commitment to this community and to our mission to support the research community and advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics' he said. (aps.org)
The existing literature demonstrates that an ocular late-phase reaction also exists and has implications in the development severity of disease, change of reactivity and progression of the atopic disease state from a localized target organ, such as the nose or eye, to a more systemic atopic disorder. (medscape.com)

Phase 2 settings include settings for a security association (SA), which defines how data packets are secured when they are passed between two endpoints. (watchguard.com)
The Phase 2 Settings also include a setting for Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS). (watchguard.com)

Today we're going to start with Phase One - the Commitment phase. (cdc.gov)
Phase One with us today, which is the Commitment phase. (cdc.gov)
Before we dive into the Commitment phase, I'd love for you to start by telling us more about your specific job- title and the role of the Ohio Disability and Health program, and also how you are uniquely integrated at the state health department. (cdc.gov)
So, before we dive into our first phase of really talking about the commitment aspect of the work and the project partners, I'd really - David - I'd love to hear from you. (cdc.gov)
The Obama administration and Congress now face many difficult choices if they choose to comply with the G20 commitment to phase-out fossil fuel subsidies," the API said. (reuters.com)

Medical treatment centers on hormonal support of the patient's luteal phase. (medscape.com)
Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. (medlineplus.gov)
In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. (medlineplus.gov)

The goal of the work is to understand how the properties of the flames over burning polymers interacts with the gas-phase inhibition, so that proper screening methods can be employed by industry, and appropriate standard test methods can be used that represent the relevant full-scale behavior. (nist.gov)
To effectively develop new fire retardants, industry needs an understanding of how the existing and most promising new gas phase FRs work, and how the properties of the fire (or standard test method) influence the gas-phase chemical inhibition mechanism of the FR. (nist.gov)

The liquid and glass states of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently become of interest due to the potential for liquid-phase separations and ion transport, alongside the fundamental nature of the latter as a new, fourth category of melt-quenched glass. (nature.com)
PDU output current consumption in amps per-phase or per-receptacle can be displayed locally via visual meter or remotely via web/network interface to warn of potential overloads before critical IT mains or branch breakers trip. (cdw.com)
Previous studies have established that the severity of vaso-obliteration in phase 1 largely influences subsequent stages, suggesting that prevention of vessels loss may be a potential therapeutic target for ROP. (bvsalud.org)

Phase II was filled to the allocated time, execute all science observations. (gemini.edu)
Find Moon Phases-inspired gifts and merchandise printed on quality products one at a time in socially responsible ways. (redbubble.com)
NHIS-D Phase I: The Phase I Disability questionnaire was administered at the same time as the NHIS Core, and collected information about all members of the NHIS households. (cdc.gov)
This time frame allows for the current Phase I elementary projects to be completed, providing insight for future projects. (scasd.org)

As effects of the state's outbreak become less severe, he explained that New York will collaborate with local officials as well as neighboring governors to "reopen in phases, based on regional analysis. (newsweek.com)
The ribbon-cutting ceremony for the first phase of the trail takes place the following day, Friday, April 26, at Grant Playground (73 E. McMicken Ave.). This event is free and begins at 3 p.m. with Brewery District representatives, city officials and donors present. (citybeat.com)

This first phase of the Maine Electric Vehicle Charging Initiative will install Level 3 "fast charge" stations at the Maine Turnpike Authority service plazas in Kennebunk (North and South) and West Gardiner, on Rt. (efficiencymaine.com)
In Phase One of the Initiative, ChargePoint will provide private investment to cover a share of the equipment and operating costs for the seven sites where the fourteen charging stations will be deployed. (efficiencymaine.com)
In Phase Two of the Initiative, Efficiency Maine will solicit bids for installation and operation of EV fast chargers located in sites that will complement the locations where fast chargers have previously been installed or are being installed through Phase One. (efficiencymaine.com)
A third phase of the Initiative is expected to further complement the network of fast charger stations with strategically located Level 2 chargers. (efficiencymaine.com)

Social media accounts were created in phase III ( Twitter has 304 followers, Facebook group has 7,000 members and Facebook page has 1095 members, Flickr has 370 photos uploaded, Youtube has 600 views). (bibalex.org)
For official phase times and dates for this month, check our Stargazing [2] page. (stardate.org)
From the Branch Office VPN page for a tunnel or the BOVPN Virtual Interface page, select the Phase 2 Settings tab. (watchguard.com)
Welcome to Mrs. Tomolonis' Distance Learning Phase 2 Page! (cbsd.org)

The first phase of the trail opens this weekend with a celebration featuring three events: a Toast to the Trail dinner on April 25, a ribbon cutting on April 26 and a free immersive tour on April 27. (citybeat.com)

Studies regarding cell adhesion molecules or integrins, growth factors, and cytokines are all in the experimental phase. (medscape.com)
estudio de intervención casi experimental, tipo antes y después, conducido en maternidad pública, Amapá. (bvsalud.org)

This project really builds upon a previous Healthy Communities model used by NACDD and was modified to consist of six phases that really are a crucial part of the inclusive healthy community change processes that are focused on improving the health and well-being of people with disabilities. (cdc.gov)
says Republicans are in a pre-negotiating phase when it comes to health care. (msnbc.com)
DSN: CC37.NHIS95.DISABIL.CONDITON 1995 NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY Disability Phase I Public Use Data File Background In the United States there are an estimated 35-43 million people with physical and mental disabilities. (cdc.gov)
As with the NHIS Core, the NHIS-D Phase I questions were answered by any available adult in the household who was knowledgeable about the health of other household members. (cdc.gov)
In order to examine these issues in detail, the Phase I questionnaire had 3 sections exclusively for children: a section on special health needs of children, a section on special education services for children, and a section on early childhood development for children under 5 years of age. (cdc.gov)
Health planning--a new phase. (cdc.gov)

Beginning Monday, several Walgreens and Jewel-Osco locations began vaccinations or opened up appointments for Illinois residents eligible under Phase 1B of the state's vaccine rollout. (nbcchicago.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes46

Information Science3

Health Care1

The yeast ser/thr phosphatases sit4 and ppz1 play opposite roles in regulation of the cell cycle. (1/4298)

p27 is involved in N-cadherin-mediated contact inhibition of cell growth and S-phase entry. (2/4298)

Leukemia translocation protein PLZF inhibits cell growth and expression of cyclin A. (3/4298)

Interleukin-6 dependent induction of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 is lost during progression of human malignant melanoma. (4/4298)

Caffeine can override the S-M checkpoint in fission yeast. (5/4298)

Regulation of the start of DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (6/4298)

Immunologic proliferation marker Ki-S2 as prognostic indicator for lymph node-negative breast cancer. (7/4298)

Fus3p and Kss1p control G1 arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a balance of distinct arrest and proliferative functions that operate in parallel with Far1p. (8/4298)

S Phase

Cell Cycle

G1 Phase

DNA Replication

Cell Cycle Proteins

Interphase

Mitosis

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

Cyclin E

Cyclins

Cyclin A

Cell Division

CDC2-CDC28 Kinases

G2 Phase

Replication Origin

E2F Transcription Factors

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

DNA-Binding Proteins

Retinoblastoma Protein

Nuclear Proteins

Aphidicolin

DNA

DNA Damage

E2F1 Transcription Factor

Bromodeoxyuridine

G0 Phase

CDC2 Protein Kinase

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Cell Line

Cell Nucleus

HeLa Cells

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Transcription Factor DP1

Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1

Cyclin B

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27

Chromatin

Flow Cytometry

Phosphorylation

Checkpoint Kinase 2

Schizosaccharomyces

Histones

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins

Genes, cdc

Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone

Cyclin D1

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins

Tumor Suppressor Proteins

Geminin

Protein Kinases

Fibroblasts

Mutation

Cell Proliferation

Mimosine

Molecular Sequence Data

DNA, Fungal

S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4

Origin Recognition Complex

Fungal Proteins

cdc25 Phosphatases

Cells, Cultured

Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4

Thymidine

Transcription Factors

Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7

DNA Replication Timing

Time Factors

Cell Line, Tumor

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins

Chromatids

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Apoptosis

Transcription, Genetic

Base Sequence

DNA Repair