AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
RNA CleavageRNAEndoribonucleasesRNA, CatalyticRNA, ViralRNA, Small InterferingBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataNucleic Acid ConformationRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, RibosomalDNA, CatalyticRNA-Induced Silencing ComplexRNA SplicingRNA EditingRNA, MessengerRNA, BacterialRNA, Double-StrandedRibonucleasesDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA InterferenceRibonuclease HSubstrate SpecificityRNA StabilityRibonuclease IIIRibonuclease, PancreaticAmino Acid SequenceRNA Polymerase IIOligoribonucleotidesRNA PrecursorsHydrolysisRNA, FungalRNA, Ribosomal, 28SCatalysisBinding SitesTranscription Factors, GeneralKineticsArgonaute ProteinsTranscriptional Elongation FactorsDNA CleavageRNA VirusesEscherichia coliTranscription, GeneticMutationModels, MolecularTemplates, GeneticPoly ARNA FoldingBase PairingRNA-Binding ProteinsCleavage Stage, OvumRNA HelicasesHeLa CellsRNA, AntisenseProtein BiosynthesisProtein BindingProtein Structure, TertiaryRNA, TransferCations, DivalentRNA, Small NuclearSequence Homology, Amino AcidRecombinant ProteinsRNA, UntranslatedCatalytic DomainRNA CapsNucleic Acid HybridizationManganeseDNA PrimersSequence Analysis, RNAConserved SequenceRNA, PlantMagnesiumCell LineSaccharomyces cerevisiaeEndopeptidasesRNA, ProtozoanDNAMicroRNAsProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalRNA ReplicaseRNA Ligase (ATP)RNA, NeoplasmCrystallography, X-RaySaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsDEAD-box RNA HelicasesRNA, GuideRNA Polymerase IIIPlasmidsPeptide FragmentsmRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation FactorsRNA, Ribosomal, 18SRNA Polymerase IRNA, NuclearCaspasesMolecular WeightElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelFurinProtein PrecursorsSerine EndopeptidasesRNA, Ribosomal, 23S
RNA Cleavage
A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Endoribonucleases
A family of enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.26.-, EC 3.1.27.-, EC 3.1.30.-, and EC 3.1.31.-.
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Nucleic Acid Conformation
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.
RNA, Ribosomal
The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)
DNA, Catalytic
Molecules of DNA that possess enzymatic activity.
RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the "guide strand" of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).
RNA Splicing
The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
Ribonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Ribonuclease H
A ribonuclease that specifically cleaves the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been isolated from a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as well as RETROVIRUSES.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
RNA Stability
The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.
Ribonuclease III
An endoribonuclease that is specific for double-stranded RNA. It plays a role in POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING of pre-RIBOSOMAL RNA and a variety of other RNA structures that contain double-stranded regions.
Ribonuclease, Pancreatic
An enzyme that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pancreatic ribonucleic acids to 3'-phosphomono- and oligonucleotides ending in cytidylic or uridylic acids with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. EC 3.1.27.5.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
RNA Polymerase II
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
Oligoribonucleotides
A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
RNA Precursors
RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.
Hydrolysis
The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.
RNA, Fungal
Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Catalysis
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Transcription Factors, General
Transcription factors that form transcription initiation complexes on DNA, bind to specific DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES and are required to initiate transcription. Although their binding may be localized to distinct sequence and structural motifs within the DNA they are considered non-specific with regard to the specific gene being transcribed.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Argonaute Proteins
A family of RNA-binding proteins that has specificity for MICRORNAS and SMALL INTERFERING RNA molecules. The proteins take part in RNA processing events as core components of RNA-induced silencing complex.
Transcriptional Elongation Factors
Transcription factors whose primary function is to regulate the rate in which RNA is transcribed.
DNA Cleavage
A reaction that severs one of the covalent sugar-phosphate linkages between NUCLEOTIDES that compose the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic - removing the end nucleotide, or endonucleolytic - splitting the strand in two.
RNA Viruses
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Templates, Genetic
Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.
Poly A
A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
RNA Folding
The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.
Base Pairing
Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.
RNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.
Cleavage Stage, Ovum
The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitotic divisions within the ZONA PELLUCIDA. Each cleavage or segmentation yields two BLASTOMERES of about half size of the parent cell. This cleavage stage generally covers the period up to 16-cell MORULA.
RNA Helicases
A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.
HeLa Cells
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
RNA, Antisense
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.
Protein Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
Cations, Divalent
Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.
RNA, Small Nuclear
Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
RNA, Untranslated
RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.
Catalytic Domain
The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.
RNA Caps
Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some heterogeneous nuclear RNAs. These structures, which are positively charged, protect the above specified RNAs at their termini against attack by phosphatases and other nucleases and promote mRNA function at the level of initiation of translation. Analogs of the RNA caps (RNA CAP ANALOGS), which lack the positive charge, inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Manganese
A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Sequence Analysis, RNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.
Conserved Sequence
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.
RNA, Plant
Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Magnesium
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Endopeptidases
A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.
RNA, Protozoan
Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
MicroRNAs
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
RNA Replicase
An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)
RNA Ligase (ATP)
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 6.5.1.3.
RNA, Neoplasm
RNA present in neoplastic tissue.
Crystallography, X-Ray
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.
DEAD-box RNA Helicases
A large family of RNA helicases that share a common protein motif with the single letter amino acid sequence D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp). In addition to RNA helicase activity, members of the DEAD-box family participate in other aspects of RNA metabolism and regulation of RNA function.
RNA, Guide
Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions.
RNA Polymerase III
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Peptide Fragments
Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.
mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
Factors that are involved in directing the cleavage and POLYADENYLATION of the of MESSENGER RNA near the site of the RNA 3' POLYADENYLATION SIGNALS.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
RNA Polymerase I
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. The enzyme functions in the nucleolar structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salts than RNA polymerase II and III and is not inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA, Nuclear
RNA molecules found in the nucleus either associated with chromosomes or in the nucleoplasm.
Caspases
A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.
Molecular Weight
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Furin
A proprotein convertase with specificity for the proproteins of PROALBUMIN; COMPLEMENT 3C; and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. It has specificity for cleavage near paired ARGININE residues that are separated by two amino acids.
Protein Precursors
Serine Endopeptidases
Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Virus Replication
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
RNA 3' End Processing
The steps that generate the 3' ends of mature RNA molecules. For most mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), 3' end processing referred to as POLYADENYLATION includes the addition of POLY A.
Cysteine Endopeptidases
ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.
Caspase 3
A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.
RNA, Satellite
Small, linear single-stranded RNA molecules functionally acting as molecular parasites of certain RNA plant viruses. Satellite RNAs exhibit four characteristic traits: (1) they require helper viruses to replicate; (2) they are unnecessary for the replication of helper viruses; (3) they are encapsidated in the coat protein of the helper virus; (4) they have no extensive sequence homology to the helper virus. Thus they differ from SATELLITE VIRUSES which encode their own coat protein, and from the genomic RNA; (=RNA, VIRAL); of satellite viruses. (From Maramorosch, Viroids and Satellites, 1991, p143)
RNA Transport
The process of moving specific RNA molecules from one cellular compartment or region to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Peptide Hydrolases
Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.
RNA, Spliced Leader
The small RNAs which provide spliced leader sequences, SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4 and SL5 (short sequences which are joined to the 5' ends of pre-mRNAs by TRANS-SPLICING). They are found primarily in primitive eukaryotes (protozoans and nematodes).
RNA, Archaeal
Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)
DNA, Viral
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Proteolysis
Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.
Subtilisins
A family of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES isolated from Bacillus subtilis. EC 3.4.21.-
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Ribonucleoproteins
Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases
Endopeptidases that are specific for AMYLOID PROTEIN PRECURSOR. Three secretase subtypes referred to as alpha, beta, and gamma have been identified based upon the region of amyloid protein precursor they cleave.
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Genome, Viral
The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Trypsin
A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.
Endonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the internal bonds and thereby the formation of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides from ribo- or deoxyribonucleotide chains. EC 3.1.-.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of DNA or RNA molecules while leaving the double-stranded regions intact. They are particularly useful in the laboratory for producing "blunt-ended" DNA molecules from DNA with single-stranded ends and for sensitive GENETIC TECHNIQUES such as NUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAYS that involve the detection of single-stranded DNA and RNA.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear
Nuclear nonribosomal RNA larger than about 1000 nucleotides, the mass of which is rapidly synthesized and degraded within the cell nucleus. Some heterogeneous nuclear RNA may be a precursor to mRNA. However, the great bulk of total hnRNA hybridizes with nuclear DNA rather than with mRNA.
RNA, Small Nucleolar
Small nuclear RNAs that are involved in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. Box C/D containing snoRNAs (U14, U15, U16, U20, U21 and U24-U63) direct site-specific methylation of various ribose moieties. Box H/ACA containing snoRNAs (E2, E3, U19, U23, and U64-U72) direct the conversion of specific uridines to pseudouridine. Site-specific cleavages resulting in the mature ribosomal RNAs are directed by snoRNAs U3, U8, U14, U22 and the snoRNA components of RNase MRP and RNase P.
RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S
Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5.8S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.
Cricetinae
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Metalloendopeptidases
ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.
RNA, Small Untranslated
Short RNA, about 200 base pairs in length or shorter, that does not code for protein.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
RNA, Small Cytoplasmic
Small RNAs found in the cytoplasm usually complexed with proteins in scRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL CYTOPLASMIC).
Escherichia coli Proteins
Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Transcription Factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.
Uridine
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Cytoplasm
The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.
Ribonuclease P
An RNA-containing enzyme that plays an essential role in tRNA processing by catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of TRANSFER RNA precursors. It removes the extra 5'-nucleotides from tRNA precursors to generate mature tRNA molecules.

Exposure of neurons to excitotoxic levels of glutamate induces cleavage of the RNA editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2, and loss of GLUR2 editing. (1/95)

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Identification of an hepatitis delta virus-like ribozyme at the mRNA 5'-end of the L1Tc retrotransposon from Trypanosoma cruzi. (2/95)

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Structural and functional basis for RNA cleavage by Ire1. (3/95)

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Cleavage of rRNA ensures translational cessation in sperm at fertilization. (4/95)

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Ribonuclease P. (5/95)

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Use of a coenzyme by the glmS ribozyme-riboswitch suggests primordial expansion of RNA chemistry by small molecules. (6/95)

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Transcriptional activity regulates alternative cleavage and polyadenylation. (7/95)

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miRNA-dependent gene silencing involving Ago2-mediated cleavage of a circular antisense RNA. (8/95)

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北京大学医学部机构知识库([email protected]): Photomodulating RNA cleavage using photolabile circular antisense oligodeoxynucleotides
Caged antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODNs) are synthesized by linking two ends of linear oligodeoxynucleotides using a photocleavable linker. Two of them (H30 and H40) have hairpin-like structures which show a large difference in thermal stability (delta T(m) = 17.5 degrees C and 11.6 degrees C) comparing to uncaged ones. The other three (C20, C30 and C40) without stable secondary structures have the middle 20 deoxynucleotides complementary to 40-mer RNA. All caged asODNs have restricted opening which provides control over RNA/asODN interaction. RNase H assay results showed that 40-mer RNA digestion could be photo-modulated 2- to 3-fold upon light-activation with H30, H40, C30 and C40, while with C20, RNA digestion was almost not detectable; however, photo-activation triggered > 20-fold increase of RNA digestion. And gel shift assays showed that it needed > 0.04 mu M H40 and 0.5 mu M H30 to completely bind 0.02 mu M 40-mer RNA, and for C40 and C30, it needed > 0.2 mu M and 0.5 mu M for 0.02 ...
http://ir.bjmu.edu.cn/handle/400002259/54744
Auchi Poly Spat Form - Auchi Direct Entry Form For 2020/2021 Aschoolz.comAuchi Poly Spat Form - Auchi Direct Entry Form For 2020/2021 Aschoolz.com
This is to inform you all that Auchi poly Spat form for the 2019/2020 session is out and and it ready for sale. The price is #........ Before.
https://aschoolz.com/auchi-poly-spat-form/
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) | Medical Biophysics, University of TorontoFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ) | Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto
If you have an undergraduate degree, we generally would consider you for entry into the MSc program; however, students with A- average can be considered for direct entry. Once there, you can reclassify (transfer) into the PhD program. If you have an MSc degree from a Canadian University, you may be accepted directly into the PhD program. Direct entry PhD students are required to pass a qualifying exam within the first 18 months of enrollment.. How can I find out the status of my application? ...
http://medbio.utoronto.ca/node/1826
JAMB Direct Entry Students 2017 Registration Update - AcademicsNG
AcademicsNG limited is a non-governmental and non-political agency (private owned). It was established basically to cover various sections of the educational sector of Nigeria; to assist students even after schooling to pursue their career. ...
https://www.academicsng.com.ng/2017/04/jamb-direct-entry-students-2017.html
Tips To Choose Students For Direct Entry Into Schools Of Higher Education
This is typical that you need to confront. Consistently, you need to choose from an extensive gathering of 16-year olds, a couple of who consequently meet all requirements to join establishments of advanced education even before the last examinations. This represents a major difficulty when these understudies have relatively indistinguishable scholarly outcomes and additional curricular […]
https://www.bestcollegeuniversity.net/tips-to-choose-students-for-direct-entry-into-schools-of-higher-education.html
第二代定序 植物降解組
植物 miRNA 與 mRNA 完全或接近完全的配對結合後， 會引起目標基因在配對的第十位核酸上發生剪切，進行基因表達的調控。 伴隨第二代定序的進步，利用 PARE* (Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends) 方法， 以降解組定序（Degradome Sequencing）測出剪切位點， 被剪切的 3 片段以 RNA 連接酶連接上 5 adaptor 後， 經反轉錄形成雙股 cDNA， 再以 EcoP 15I** 酵素切位接上 3 adaptor 後往下進行定序分析。 目前此方法已成功應用於阿拉伯芥，水稻等植物的降解組定序上 ...
http://www.phalanx.com.tw/Services/PDS.php
Drum Producer Pack - AIXDSPDrum Producer Pack - AIXDSP
How often when looking at old mixes, do you find that the cuts and boosts on your drum eqs are centered around multiples of the drums resonant frequency? Perhaps this realization has led to you always keeping a calculator app open? At AIXDSP, we dont just want to get rid of unnecessary mouse-clicks, but unnecessary calculators as well! Loop a section of the drum in question and turn the Tune Frequency knob until the blue vertical line on the spectrum window lines up with the fundamental resonant frequency of the drum. You will see that all of the EQ frequency centers have now changed to octaves of that new Tune Frequency. In many if not most cases, you will also see that the drum itself has some strong peaks or dips that those frequencies. Try cutting and boosting at these different octaves and rejoice in not having to fiddle around with calculators, fine tuning and direct entries just to get the frequencies right. Got it wrong? No problem, turning the Tune Frequency knob automatically ...
https://aixdsp.com/drum-producer-pack/
7 300 Maccormack Road in Martensville: Residential for sale : MLS®# SK870038
Residential for sale: Attention first time buyers or investors! Move-in ready end unit with extra street parking in the side. Located in the Saddle Ridge complex, this unit has a single attached garage with direct entry, 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms...
http://tarrennewhouse.com/mylistings.html/listing.sk870038-7-300-maccormack-road-martensville-s0k-0a2.95623389
MICROBIOLOGY (REDEEMERS) - Skool.NGMICROBIOLOGY (REDEEMERS) - Skool.NG
OLEVEL Requirements: Candidate must possess the WASC/NECO/GCE (O/L) with a minimum of 5 credit passes in one sitting or 6 credit passes in two sittings. The credit passes to include English Language, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology and Physics.. DIRECT ENTRY Requirements: National Diploma with at least Upper Credit in relevant programmes. NCE with minimum of Merit passes in two (2) teaching subjects.. ...
https://skool.ng/2018/09/24/microbiology-redeemers/
WAEC and JAMB UTME Subject for Mechatronics Engineering | FatherpradaWAEC and JAMB UTME Subject for Mechatronics Engineering | Fatherprada
2019 Admission Requirements - The compulsory WAEC and JAMB subject combinations for Mechantronics Engineering; Which is also applicable to NECO and GCE. You will also find out Direct Entry, IJBM, JUPEB, CAMBRIDGE, NABTEB requirement for this course,
https://fatherprada.com/course/engineering/study-mechantronics-engineering-in-nigeria/
Pharmacy Technician - Direct Entry Certificate | Quinsigamond Community College (QCC)Pharmacy Technician - Direct Entry Certificate | Quinsigamond Community College (QCC)
The Pharmacy Technician - Direct Entry Certificate provides students with the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to prepare for a career as a certified pharmacy technician. The program will prepare the graduate to assume an entry-level pharmacy technician position in a variety of contemporary settings, including, but not limited to, community, hospital, home care and long-term care settings. Students learn various duties a technician may perform, as well as communication skills and aspects of assisting the pharmacist. Students will also perform 135 hours of externship at a local pharmacy to get practical instruction in this field. ...
https://www.qcc.edu/academics/healthcare/pharmacy-technician-direct-entry-certificate
Regulation of Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation - Bin TianRegulation of Alternative Cleavage and Polyadenylation - Bin Tian
Pre-mRNA cleavage/polyadenylation (C/P) defines the 3end of a mature transcript. Over half of the human genes have multiple C/P sites (pAs), resulting in mRNA...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-GM084089-08
Eligibility, qualifications and background | Australian Federal PoliceEligibility, qualifications and background | Australian Federal Police
Am I eligible to apply? Minimum qualification requirements To be considered for the AFP Graduate Program you must have completed your university degree within the last five years. This is a minimum of a Bachelor degree, but many of our candidates also have postgraduate qualifications. If you have received recognition of prior learning for direct entry into a postgraduate
https://afp.gov.au/careers/graduate-program/eligibility-qualifications-and-background
International Journal Of Business Marketing And Administration - YSJInternational Journal Of Business Marketing And Administration - YSJ
This section will give you details about grants and loans as well as targeted help for college kids with kids, adult dependants or those with a disability. ​​Applications are welcomed from mature and non-standard candidates, who might be considered on an individual basis. These applicants could also be interviewed, and may demonstrate potential and motivation and/or have relevant experience. Pearson/Edexcel HND and foundation diploma awards in a related subject space shall be thought-about for direct entry to stage 6. ​We understand that college students perform differently relying on the kind of assessment they are given and so a spread of assessment methods are used on the programme. These embody written assignments (essays/reviews, particular person/group), exams , practical assessments, particular person and group shows, portfolios, reflective logs and a dissertation.. In each of these situations, the particular person stakes their skilled status on the referral. Regardless of your ...
https://ysjagan.xyz/international-journal-of-business-marketing-and-administration.html
Turkey | University of Strathclyde
Students with the state High School Diploma (Devlet Lise Diplomasi) may be considered for entry to Year 1 (of 4) of undergraduate degrees at the University of Strathclyde on a case by case basis, where they have achieved scores of over 85% overall in Grade 12 and in relevant subjects for their proposed degree course.. Devlet Lise Diplomasi holders may also enter Strathclyde via our Undergraduate Foundation Programme - students that successfully pass the Foundation programme may progress directly to Yr2 of their Strathclyde undergraduate programme, meaning that the total length of their degree is still just four years.. Students with IB, A-Levels or the American High School Diploma may be considered for direct entry.. ...
https://www.strath.ac.uk/studywithus/internationalstudents/yourcountry/turkey/
No Pay Newest Dating Online Site In New Jersey - ENFES Döner ProduktionNo Pay Newest Dating Online Site In New Jersey - ENFES Döner Produktion
2 no pay newest dating online site in new jersey ground training school (gts) tambaram madras, (now chennai) and direct entry candidates were sent to the united kingdom (uk) for training. Learning the basics smart noise control button d smart noise control button enables you to control fan speed during computer operation. This becomes, ‚tomorrow he struggles with death, so tonight he struggles with his life. Participants bring their cars to a central location, most likely a church or school parking lot, and then decorate them with some kind of thematic flair. Lets be honest (yes, we sell pens so were a little biased), the no pay newest dating online site in new jersey colors offered from markers are your only possible option when drawing certain images. King called her „sue-kakis to try to link her to the democratic presidential nominee that year, mike dukakis. The uwa have become a symbol of resistance to oil exploration and corporate led globalization for thousands of supporters ...
https://word.enfes.de/no-pay-newest-dating-online-site-in-new-jersey
Men prospects - Page 2Men prospects - Page 2
ALL SKATERS must reach a minimal TES score for both the SP and the FS. They must be in a qualified ISU competition in 2009-2010 or 2010-11 but can be earned on separate competitions. For the men that is 20.00 in the SP and 35.00 in the FS. The ISU has put in a qualifying round, but not all have to skate it. The federations will be given one direct entry into the SP for each skate they had in the Top 18 in last years Worlds. All other entries will have to qualify for the final 12 spots for
https://www.goldenskate.com/forum/showthread.php?33480-Men-prospects/page2
Chrakhan | ShevetChrakhan | Shevet
Our visit to Wolfson hospital today to see how Chrakhan was progressing was a happy occasion. She was sitting up in bed, but still being monitored. The chest drain tube remained. Intravenous fluid was still being circulated throughout her body in order to keep her hydrated, provide medication, and give access in the case of emergency; intravenous medication acts quicker, because of its direct entry into the blood stream and hence to the target organ. The bluing cyanosis in her lips and tongue had lessened considerably. She was peripherally warm, looked comfortable, and was not in any pain at rest. The chest tube can be quite painful. Chrakhan was on three types of pain relief to keep her fairly pain free. Speaking to an ICU doctor about Chrakhans progress, he mentioned pleural fluid on the opposite site to the chest tube that needed aspirating, which will reduce the likelihood of infection. Her mother looked quite relaxed, sitting beside her daughter. Before I said goodbye I sang to her a ...
https://www.shevet.org/node/3581
AP Admission Criteria - St. Joan of Arc Catholic High SchoolAP Admission Criteria - St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School
Students identified as gifted through the IPRC Process will have a direct entry to the AP program but are required to complete the application ...
https://stjo.ycdsb.ca/our-school/advanced-placement-program/ap-admission/
EBSU Post UTME / DE Screening Form 2020/2021 SessionEBSU Post UTME / DE Screening Form 2020/2021 Session
EBSU Post UTME / DE Screening Form 2020/2021 Session: Ebonyi State University, EBSU Post-UTME and Direct Entry screening: EBSU Admission Exercise for the 2020/2021 Academic Session would be conducted on Central Admission Processing System (CAPS). See the requirements and how to apply for EBSU post UTME form below.
https://www.mediangr.com.ng/education/ebsu-post-utme-form/8070/
University of Leeds | Study > International students > Admissions > Foundation...University of Leeds | Study > International students > Admissions > Foundation...
There are a range of options if you do not meet the academic or English Language requirements for direct entry onto programmes at the University of Leeds.
https://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/123100/admissions/103/foundation_routes
MPharm Pharmacy with a Placement Year - UEAMPharm Pharmacy with a Placement Year - UEA
Applicants without traditional A levels e.g. those with Access or BTEC qualifications may be asked to complete a chemistry test at the University during the summer. Information concerning the content of the chemistry test will be made available to such applicants. A-Level General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted. If you do not meet the academic and/or English requirements for direct entry our partner, INTO University of East Anglia offers guaranteed progression on to this undergraduate degree upon successful completion of a preparation programme. Depending on your interests, and your qualifications you can take a variety of routes to this degree: International Foundation in Pharmacy Health and Life Science. DISCLOSURE AND BARRING SERVICE (DBS) AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHECK. During your first semester, we ask that you apply for a DBS (Disclosure and Barring Service) check. In addition to your DBS check, if you have lived outside of the UK for a continuous period of 4 months or more ...
https://www.uea.ac.uk/course/undergraduate/mpharm-pharmacy-with-a-placement-year
Federal University Gusau (FUGUS) Post UTME / DE Screening Details, 2020/2021 (Updated) - NoniwapFederal University Gusau (FUGUS) Post UTME / DE Screening Details, 2020/2021 (Updated) - Noniwap
This is to inform all candidates who applied for admission into Federal University Gusau (FUGUS), Zamfara State for the 2020/2021 Academic Session, that the University has fixed Monday, 19th October, 2020, as a date for the commencement of registration for the institutions post UTME and Direct Entry screening exercise.. ...
https://noniwap.com.ng/federal-university-gusau-fugus-post-utme-de-screening-details-2020-2021-updated/
Institute Of Molecular Biophysics | Master Calendar
Major Professor: Dr. Hong Li. Structure and Function of the Cmr Ribonucleoprotein Complex in CRISPR RNA-Mediated RNA Cleavage. ...
http://biophysics.fsu.edu/events/14/alexis-cocozaki-dissertation-defense/
Three-Year Bachelors Degree | University of Wollongong in DubaiThree-Year Bachelors Degree | University of Wollongong in Dubai
University of Wollongong in Dubai (UOWD) is aligning all degrees with the UOW Australia campus, implementing a truly global university degree. This new alignment offers prospective students who have excelled academically at school and meet UOW direct entry requirements, by allowing students to finish their bachelor degrees in three years, instead of the existing four-year programs.. Graduates will be issued an international degree from UOW Australia, which is recognised internationally and accredited by the UAEs Ministry of Education.. Students who have excelled academically in certain high school curricula such as CBSE, GCE A level, IB Diploma, American high school diploma and other recognised international curricula, can qualify for a three-year bachelors degree.. The three-year direct entry admission requirements are applicable to all UOWD bachelor degrees excluding Bachelor of Engineering degrees, which are four-year honours degrees.. In alignment with our home campus in Australia, any ...
https://www.uowdubai.ac.ae/join-uowd/three-year-bachelor-degree
Motoneurons Secrete Angiogenin to Induce RNA Cleavage in Astroglia | Journal of NeuroscienceMotoneurons Secrete Angiogenin to Induce RNA Cleavage in Astroglia | Journal of Neuroscience
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder affecting motoneurons. Mutations in angiogenin, encoding a member of the pancreatic RNase A superfamily, segregate with ALS. We previously demonstrated that angiogenin administration shows promise as a neuroprotective therapeutic in studies using transgenic ALS mice and primary motoneuron cultures. Its mechanism of action and target cells in the spinal cord, however, are largely unknown. Using mixed motoneuron cultures, motoneuron-like NSC34 cells, and primary astroglia cultures as model systems, we here demonstrate that angiogenin is a neuronally secreted factor that is endocytosed by astroglia and mediates neuroprotection in paracrine. We show that wild-type angiogenin acts unidirectionally to induce RNA cleavage in astroglia, while the ALS-associated K40I mutant is also secreted and endocytosed, but fails to induce RNA cleavage. Angiogenin uptake into astroglia requires heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and engages ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/15/5024.short
TRAGIC: Two Imo poly students died in a fire Outbreak - See Photos | INSIDEFUTO BLOG
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http://www.insidefutoblog.com.ng/2016/08/tragic-two-imo-poly-students-died-in.html
Boston University Masters in Medical Science | Medical education
Our Professional Masters degrees represent a wide range of medical and health related fields to prepare students for direct entry into the work force or for further graduate study. Watch the GMS video...
http://www.tadalafilearn.com/MedicalUniversity/boston-university-masters-in-medical-science
Foundation programmesFoundation programmes
At the University of Reading we offer a range of foundation programmes to students not eligible for direct entry onto an undergraduate degree course.
https://www.reading.ac.uk/ready-to-study/study/foundation-study.aspx
RNA-guided RNA cleavage by a CRISPR RNA-Cas protein complex. - PubMed - NCBIRNA-guided RNA cleavage by a CRISPR RNA-Cas protein complex. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19945378?dopt=Abstract
中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): MicroRNAs modulate adaption to multiple abiotic stresses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
MicroRNAs play an important role in abiotic stress responses in higher plants and animals, but their role in stress adaptation in algae remains unknown. In this study, the expression of identified and putative miRNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; some of the miRNAs (Cre-miR906-3p) were up-regulated, whereas others (Cre-miR910) were downregulated when the species was subjected to multiple abiotic stresses. With degradome sequencing data, we also identified ATP4 (the d-subunit of ATP synthase) and NCR2 (NADPH: cytochrome P450 reductase) as one of the several targets of Cre-miR906-3p and Cre-miR910, respectively. Q-PCR data indicated that ATP4, which was expressed inversely in relation to Cre-miR906-3p under stress conditions. Overexpressing of Cre-miR906-3p enhanced resistance to multiple stresses; conversely, overexpressing of ATP4 produced the opposite effect. These data of Q-PCR, degradome sequencing and adaptation of overexpressing ...
http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/28695?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record
Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology - School of Graduate StudiesLaboratory Medicine and Pathobiology - School of Graduate Studies
The PhD program emphasizes the development of analytical technologies, the application of basic research techniques in biochemistry, cell biology, clinical biochemistry, experimental pathology, genetics, immunology, and molecular biology to the study of mechanisms of cell and tissue injury and the pathogenesis of disease. The program also emphasizes the nature, mechanisms, therapy, and prevention of microbial diseases in humans, as well as the processes by which pathogenic microbes are spread.. Applicants may enter the PhD program via one of three routes: 1) following completion of an MSc degree; 2) transfer from the University of Toronto MSc program; or 3) direct entry following completion of a BSc degree.. A limited number of selected students may enter the combined degree program in Medicine, Doctor of /Doctor of Philosophy (MD/PhD) subject to admission into both the departmental PhD program and the MD program.. ...
https://www.sgs.utoronto.ca/programs/laboratory-medicine-and-pathobiology/
Angola - School of Economics and FinanceAngola - School of Economics and Finance
Not sufficient for entry onto an undergraduate SEF course. Applicants can use the SAT route to show that they are eligible to be considered for direct entry onto an undergraduate SEF course (with standard English language requirements). Alternatively, applicants can first do a Foundation programme, e.g. the QM International Foundation Programme in Humanities and Social Sciences ...
http://www.econ.qmul.ac.uk/undergraduate/entry-requirements/international-requirements/angola/
Co-transcriptional DNA and RNA Cleavage during Type III CRISPR-Cas Immunity. - PubMed - NCBICo-transcriptional DNA and RNA Cleavage during Type III CRISPR-Cas Immunity. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959775?dopt=Abstract
Role of Divalent Metal Ions in the Hammerhead RNA Cleavage Reaction<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of Divalent Metal Ions in the Hammerhead RNA Cleavage Reaction. AU - Dahm, Sue Ann C. AU - Uhlenbeck, Olke C.. PY - 1991/10/1. Y1 - 1991/10/1. N2 - A hammerhead self-cleaving domain composed of two oligoribonucleotides was used to study the role of divalent metal ions in the cleavage reaction. Cleavage rates were measured as a function of MgCl2, MnCl2, and CaCl2 concentration in the absence or presence of spermine. In the presence of spermine, the rate vs metal ion concentration curves are broader, and lower concentrations of divalent ions are necessary for catalytic activity. This suggests that spermine can promote proper folding of the hammerhead and one or more divalent ions are required for the reaction. Six additional divalent ions were tested for their ability to support hammerhead cleavage. In the absence of spermine, rapid cleavage was observed with Co2+ while very slow cleavage occurred with Sr2+ and Ba2+. No detectable specific cleavage was observed with Cd2+, ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/role-of-divalent-metal-ions-in-the-hammerhead-rna-cleavage-reacti
Columbia University Medical Center | Columbia NewsColumbia University Medical Center | Columbia News
Citing the changing demands of health care, Columbia University School of Nursing has instituted a new 15-month masters program. The Masters Direct Entry program will replace a 12-month Entry to Practice program for non-nurse college graduates. The school no longer will offer a bachelors degree in nursing ...
http://news.columbia.edu/content-topics/columbia-university-medical-center
anti-Cas9/Csn1 | CRISPR-associated endonuclease antibodyanti-Cas9/Csn1 | CRISPR-associated endonuclease antibody
Cas9/Csn1 | CRISPR-associated endonuclease, anti-Cas9/Csn1, anti-Cas9, anti-Csn1 | CRISPR-associated endonuclease antibody, AS16 3690
http://www.agrisera.com/en/artiklar/cas9-csn1-crispr-associated-endonuclease.html
JoVE Author Search: Abou Elela S
Ribonuclease, Ribonuclease Iii, mRNA, Ribose, RNA, RNA Cleavage, Gene, Gene Expression, Report, Distance, Family, Hydroxyl, Micrornas, miRNA, Mirnas, Pre-mirna, Rnase, Rnase Iii, Seed, Concentrations
http://labindex.jove.com/author/Abou-Elela-S
DI-fusion Toxin-antitoxin systems as multilevel interaction systems.
DI-fusion, le Dépôt institutionnel numérique de lULB, est loutil de référencementde la production scientifique de lULB.Linterface de recherche DI-fusion permet de consulter les publications des chercheurs de lULB et les thèses qui y ont été défendues.
https://difusion.ulb.ac.be/vufind/Record/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/159251/Details
Feature selection for RNA cleavage efficiency at specific sites using the LASSO regression model in Arabidopsis thaliana | BMC...Feature selection for RNA cleavage efficiency at specific sites using the LASSO regression model in Arabidopsis thaliana | BMC...
RNA degradation is important for the regulation of gene expression. Despite the identification of proteins and sequences related to deadenylation-dependent RNA degradation in plants, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent RNA degradation has not been studied in detail. Here, we developed truncated RNA end sequencing in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify cleavage sites and evaluate the efficiency of cleavage at each site. Although several features are related to RNA cleavage efficiency, the effect of each feature on cleavage efficiency has not been evaluated by considering multiple putative determinants in A. thaliana. Cleavage site information was acquired from a previous study, and cleavage efficiency at the site level (CSsite value), which indicates the number of reads at each cleavage site normalized to RNA abundance, was calculated. To identify features related to cleavage efficiency at the site level, multiple putative determinants (features) were used to perform feature selection using the Least
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-021-04291-5
Toxin-antitoxin system - WikipediaToxin-antitoxin system - Wikipedia
A toxin-antitoxin system is a set of two or more closely linked genes that together encode both a protein poison and a corresponding antidote. When these systems are contained on plasmids - transferable genetic elements - they ensure that only the daughter cells that inherit the plasmid survive after cell division. If the plasmid is absent in a daughter cell, the unstable antitoxin is degraded and the stable toxic protein kills the new cell; this is known as post-segregational killing (PSK). Toxin-antitoxin systems are widely distributed in prokaryotes, and organisms often have them in multiple copies. Toxin-antitoxin systems are typically classified according to how the antitoxin neutralises the toxin. In a Type I toxin-antitoxin system, the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes the toxin is inhibited by the binding of a small non-coding RNA antitoxin to the mRNA. The protein toxin in a type II system is inhibited post-translationally by the binding of another protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin-antitoxin_system
CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Advancements, Behaviour, Challenges, Opportunities, Top Companies and Forecast...CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Advancements, Behaviour, Challenges, Opportunities, Top Companies and Forecast...
Los Angeles, United State: Complete study of the global CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes market is carried out by the analysts in this report, taking into consideration key factors like drivers, challenges, recent trends, opportunities, advancements, and competitive landscape. This report offers a clear understanding of the present as well as future scenario of the global CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes industry. Research techniques like PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis have been deployed by the researchers. They have also provided accurate data on CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes production, capacity, price, cost, margin, and revenue to help the players gain a clear understanding into the overall existing and future market situation.. The research study includes great insights about critical market dynamics, including drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities. It also includes various types of market analysis such as competitive analysis, manufacturing cost ...
https://www.breathinglabs.com/monitoring-feed/genetics/crispr-and-crispr-associated-cas-genes-market-advancements-behaviour-challenges-opportunities-top-companies-and-forecast-by-2036-weekly-wall/
RNA-Guided RNA Cleavage by a CRISPR RNA-Cas Protein Complex
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2951265/
Gene Expression: Id be fired if that were my job
Things I learned from this paper and the associated preview include: You can predict whether an Argonaute protein will have RNA cleavage activity based on the conservation of three amino acid residues (two aspartic acids and a hisitidine); in an uncommon twist, humans actually have less of a protein class than other organisms, 8 AGOs as opposed to 27 in worms and 10 in mustard plants (flies have 5, so we are still superior to flies), ~50 in the Argonautika; multiple RNAi (endo- and exo-) pathways feed into the second (SAGO) step in the worm such that the availability of SAGOs can be a limiting factor, and increasing or decreasing the activity of one of the competing pathways can affect the efficiency of the other; worms have an endo-RNAi pathway that is somehow distinguishable from their miRNA pathway, though Im not sure what the distinction is just yet. My understanding was that I could call endogenously produced small interfering RNAs microRNAs. From their model, it looks like the endo-RNAi ...
http://www.gnxp.com/blog/2006/11/id-be-fired-if-that-were-my-job.php
Addgene: Comparison of efficiency and specificity of CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases in plants: An expanded toolkit for...Addgene: Comparison of efficiency and specificity of CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases in plants: An expanded toolkit for...
Please note: Your browser does not support the features used on Addgenes website. You may not be able to create an account or request plasmids through this website until you upgrade your browser. Learn more ...
https://www.addgene.org/browse/article/28196632/
Education (Digital Technologies) - Arts and Social Sciences (Postgraduate) - The University of SydneyEducation (Digital Technologies) - Arts and Social Sciences (Postgraduate) - The University of Sydney
The Dissertation is a piece of academic writing of approximately 12,000 words and represents a substantial original work. The Dissertation serves two different purposes in a students progress through a Masters degree program, being a way for a student to study an area of interest in depth, or as a path to further research. Students seeking progress into a research higher degree, such as a doctoral program, are required to complete an empirical study, drawing on primary data. Note that for direct entry into a doctoral degree, an average of at least 80% across the Masters degree is needed. Students not intending to progress to a higher research degree may choose from a range of types of study. The Dissertation must incorporate an appropriate form of critical analysis and have as its basis a clearly structured conceptual framework. It is recommended that students complete a Research Methods unit of study prior to undertaking the Dissertation, which will support the proposal development. This unit ...
https://www.sydney.edu.au/handbooks/arts_PG/subject_areas_eh/education_digital_technologies_descriptions.shtml
Computer Science and Information Security (BS) | John Jay College of Criminal JusticeComputer Science and Information Security (BS) | John Jay College of Criminal Justice
The major in Computer Science and Information Security offers the computing, quantitative and analytical expertise public and private organizations need to advance the practice of digital forensics and cybersecurity. The program provides the broad background in computing that is needed to thwart the abuse and misuse of computers, data networks, information systems and information infrastructures, in the environment of ever advancing digital technology. The courses in the Computer Science and Information Security major prepare students for direct entry into the profession as well as entry into graduate and professional programs that rely on computing and quantitative methods, especially in areas related to digital forensics and cybersecurity. Students in the major are supported through John Jays college-wide Cybersecurity Initiative, which offers co-curricular and extracurricular programming and career support. Learning Outcomes. Students will:. ...
https://www.jjay.cuny.edu/computer-science-and-information-security-bs
Publications | Dr. Konstantin SeverinovPublications | Dr. Konstantin Severinov
Semenova, E, Jore MM, Datsenko KA, Semenova A, Westra ER, Wanner B, van der Oost J, Brouns SJ, K. S. 2011. Interference by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA is governed by a seed sequence.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.. 108(25):10098-103. ...
https://www.waksman.rutgers.edu/severinov/publications
Crispr by Numan Eczacıoğlu on PreziCrispr by Numan Eczacıoğlu on Prezi
Adını sıklıkla duyacağınız cas, CRISPR-associated sözcüklerinden türetilmiş bir kısaltmadır. Cas gen bölgesi, cas genleri denilen, nükleazlar, helikazlar, polimerazlar ve polinükleotit-bağlayıcı proteinler gibi, biribirine benzemeyen genlerin bir araya getirildiği bir (operon) gen bölgesidir. Çoğunlukla cas genlerine bitişik olarak duran CRISPR gen bölgesi, son derece değişkenlik gösteren spacer adı verilen nükleotit dizileri ile bitişik halde bulunması engellenmiş çok sayıda (palindromik) tekrar dizileridir (Haft ve ark. 2005 ...
https://prezi.com/gxs4f5alnzie/crispr/
Geography | Academic Calendars | York UniversityGeography | Academic Calendars | York University
Program requirements are reviewed and approved by Faculty Council and Senate. Normally, Undergraduate Certificates will be completed concurrently with an undergraduate degree program and are differentiated from a degree program by a higher GPA requirement (the 4.00 specified above is a lower limit) or a more focused selection of courses. However, direct-entry, stand-alone certificate programs are available and are primarily intended to meet the need for specific professional preparation. Such direct entry certificate programs will generally be in the nature of either career-entry or mid-career development, and candidates will normally already hold a degree or have significant post-secondary education. While most certificate programs (except for the Certificate of Proficiency) will require close to the minimum 24 credits, thereby differentiating a certificate from major requirements within a degree program, it is expected that some Professional Certificate programs will justify lower or higher ...
http://calendars.students.yorku.ca/2016-2017/geography-ap
RNA Cleavage Linked With Ribosomal Action | GeneticsRNA Cleavage Linked With Ribosomal Action | Genetics
Recent studies have revealed that endonucleolytic cleavage is a fundamental aspect of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in eukaryotes (Stevens et al. 2002; Gatfield and Tzaurralde 2004) and trans-translation in prokaryotes (Sunohara et al. 2004). In these cases, the presence of a stop codon somehow promotes endonucleolytic cleavages of mRNA. Similarly, RNase LS in E. coli was suggested to cleave mRNA, depending on a stop codon to accelerate mRNA degradation (Kai and Yonesaki 2002). In this study, we investigated the stop codon-dependent cleavage of T4 soc mRNA by RNase LS and found several characteristic features of the cleavage. First, any stop codon, amber, ochre, or opal, was effective for inducing cleavage at NE. Second, the initiation of translation was required for cleavage, which did not occur when the Shine-Dalgarno sequence was eliminated. Third, cleavage depending on an amber codon was significantly reduced by the presence of amber-codon-suppressing tRNA. All of these results strongly ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/171/2/419
Björn Reinhard, Dr.rer.nat. | College of EngineeringBjörn Reinhard, Dr.rer.nat. | College of Engineering
Plasmon ruler RNase A cleavage assay. (A) The RNA plasmon rulers are bound to the surface of a glass flow chamber using a BSA (bovin serum albumin)-Biotin-NeutrAvidin surface chemistry. Upon addition of RNase A, the RNA tether is cleaved, and the dimer converted into a monomer. (B) Single RNA plasmon ruler cleavage trajectory (recorded at 96 Hz). (I) The plasmon ruler is first incubated in buffer containing spermidine at defined concentrations (0 -5 mM), (II) the buffer is exchanged with a 1 nM RNase A solution, causing (III) a strong drop in intensity upon RNA cleavage. Inset: Number of cleavage events for flushing with/without enzyme. ∆tcl is defined as the time between enzyme addition and cleavage. For more information, refer to: L.R. Skewis & B.M. Reinhard, Nano Lett., 8, 214 (2008 ...
http://www.bu.edu/eng/profile/bjorn-reinhard/
Post-Human Body Augmentation: How Some Will Leave Our Species Behind - Milk Lump
If youve perused the photos in the last two links above, youve almost certainly just thrown up in your mouth a bit. Now steel yourselves: with recent advances in gene editing, grand new vistas of bodily augmentation are now on the table. Stalking Cat was still a biologically ordinary human being weighted with silicone and scars; tomorrows equivalent might be, in the most literal sense, a person who chose to become inhuman.. Well begin with CRISPR, which Scientific American explains for lay readers as such:. First discovered in bacteria, Crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a genome-editing tool that can target specific genes in any organism based on RNA-DNA base pairing and then precisely cut the gene through the activities of the enzyme known as Crispr-associated protein 9 or Cas9.. Dont be put off by the daunting prose, and instead pay heed to its implication. While no streamlined explanation can do this complex subject justice, the short version might go ...
http://milklump.com/2016/02/08/human-augmentation-plastic-surgery-crispr-kardashians/
GenCRISPRᵀᴹ SaCas9 Antibody (26H10), mAb, Mouse Antibody - 金斯瑞生物科技有限公司GenCRISPRᵀᴹ SaCas9 Antibody (26H10), mAb, Mouse Antibody - 金斯瑞生物科技有限公司
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 system provides a robust and multiplexable genome editing tool, enabling researchers to precisely manipulate specific genomic elements, and facilitating the elucidation of target gene function in...
https://www.genscript.com.cn/antibody/A01952_40-GenCRISPR_SaCas9_Antibody_26H10_mAb_Mouse.html
GenCRISPRTM SaCas9 Antibody (26H10), mAb, Mouse Antibody - GenScriptGenCRISPRTM SaCas9 Antibody (26H10), mAb, Mouse Antibody - GenScript
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein 9 system provides a robust and multiplexable genome editing tool, enabling researchers to precisely manipulate specific genomic elements, and facilitating the elucidation of target gene function in...
https://www.genscript.com/antibody/A01952_40-GenCRISPR_SaCas9_Antibody_26H10_mAb_Mouse.html
CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, REC lobe (IPR032240) | InterPro | EMBL-EBICRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9, REC lobe (IPR032240) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR032240
Small subunit processome component 20 homologSmall subunit processome component 20 homolog
MKTKPVSHKTENTYRFLTFAERLGNVNIDIIHRIDRTASYEEEVETYFFEGLLKWRELNLTEHFGKFYKE 1 - 70 VIDKCQSFNQLVYHQNEIVQSLKTHLQVKNSFAYQPLLDLVVQLARDLQMDFYPHFPEFFLTITSILETQ 71 - 140 DTELLEWAFTSLSYLYKYLWRLMVKDMSSIYSMYSTLLAHKKLHIRNFAAESFTFLMRKVSDKNALFNLM 141 - 210 FLDLDKHPEKVEGVGQLLFEMCKGVRNMFHSCTGQAVKLILRKLGPVTETETQLPWMLIGETLKNMVKST 211 - 280 VSYISKEHFGTFFECLQESLLDLHTKVTKTNCCESSEQIKRLLETYLILVKHGSGTKIPTPADVCKVLSQ 281 - 350 TLQVASLSTSCWETLLDVISALILGENVSLPETLIKETIEKIFESRFEKRLIFSFSEVMFAMKQFEQLFL 351 - 420 PSFLSYIVNCFLIDDAVVKDEALAILAKLILNKAAPPTAGSMAIEKYPLVFSPQMVGFYIKQKKTRSKGR 421 - 490 NEQFPVLDHLLSIIKLPPNKDTTYLSQSWAALVVLPHIRPLEKEKVIPLVTGFIEALFMTVDKGSFGKGN 491 - 560 LFVLCQAVNTLLSLEESSELLHLVPVERVKNLVLTFPLEPSVLLLTDLYYQRLALCGCKGPLSQEALMEL 561 - 630 FPKLQANISTGVSKIRLLTIRILNHFDVQLPESMEDDGLSERQSVFAILRQAELVPATVNDYREKLLHLR 631 - 700 KLRHDVVQTAVPDGPLQEVPLRYLLGMLYINFSALWDPVIELISSHAHEMENKQFWKVYYEHLEKAATHA 701 - 770 EKELQNDMTDEKSVGDESWEQTQEGDVGALYHEQLALKTDCQERLDHTNFRFLLWRALTKFPERVEPRSR 771 - 840 ...
https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/O75691
Cleavage factorCleavage factor
... untranslated region of a newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the process of gene transcription. The cleavage ... Cleavage factors are two closely associated protein complexes involved in the cleavage of the 3' ... The proteins that constitute these complexes are recruited to the cleavage site by cleavage and polyadenylation specificity ... It is composed of only two proteins: PCF11 CLP1 Hardy, J. G.; Norbury, C. J. (15 August 2016). "Cleavage factor Im (CFIm) as a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_factor
RanpirnaseRanpirnase
... to cleavage of transfer RNA; and to interference with the NF-κB pathway. Currently (as of March 2020) Ranpirnase is in clinical ... The mechanism of action of ranpirnase has been attributed to the RNA interference pathway, potentially through cleaving siRNA ... Zhao H, Ardelt B, Ardelt W, Shogen K, Darzynkiewicz Z (October 2008). "The cytotoxic ribonuclease onconase targets RNA ... protein superfamily and degrades RNA substrates with a sequence preference for uracil and guanine nucleotides. Along with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranpirnase
Helen Donis-KellerHelen Donis-Keller
Donis-Keller, Helen (1979). "Site specific enzymatic cleavage of RNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 7 (1): 179-192. doi:10.1093/nar/ ... Donis-Keller, Helen (1980). "Phy M: an RNase activity specific for U and A residues useful in RNA sequence analysis". Nucleic ... Donis-Keller's graduate research established a method to do RNA sequencing. During her time at Collaborative Research, her ... Donis-Keller, Helen; Maxam, Allan M.; Gilbert, Walter (1977). "Mapping adenines, guanines, and pyrimidines in RNA". Nucleic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Donis-Keller
Robin Reed (biologist)Robin Reed (biologist)
doi:10.1261/rna.079397.122. ISSN 1355-8382. PMID 36113877. Altman, Sidney. "ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF RNA BY RNA" (PDF). "Sad news ... Reed also studied the spliceosome, a multi-component RNA machine. The U2 spliceosomal RNA (U2 snRNA), is the target of the anti ... For her PhD, she worked in the laboratory of Sidney Altman and was the first to clone and sequence the RNA gene. Altman ... She showed that E7107 causes defects in the assembly of spliceosomes and stops tight binding of U2 spliceosomal RNA. She ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Reed_(biologist)
Beta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozymeBeta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozyme
The Beta-globin co-transcriptional cleavage ribozyme (CotC ribozyme) was proposed to be an RNA enzyme known as a ribozyme. ... Dye MJ, Proudfoot NJ (2001). "Multiple transcript cleavage precedes polymerase release intermination by RNA polymerase II". ... "Autocatalytic RNA cleavage in the human beta-globin pre-mRNA promotestranscription termination". Nature. 432 (7016): 526-530. ... Non-coding RNA, Ribozymes, RNA splicing, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-globin_co-transcriptional_cleavage_ribozyme
TRNA-intron endonucleaseTRNA-intron endonuclease
RNase A is another enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of the P-O5' bond of RNA specifically after pyrimidine residues, which is ... The mechanism would end at intron cleavage. This is regulator is thought to limit or interfere with the continuation of RNA ... Xue S, Calvin K, Li H (May 2006). "RNA recognition and cleavage by a splicing endonuclease". Science. 312 (5775): 906-910. ... After cleavage of the two sites, three fragments result: a 3'-half-tRNA molecule with a 5'-OH end, a 5'-half-tRNA molecule with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA-intron_endonuclease
Ribonuclease IIIRibonuclease III
... small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). The basic dsRNA cleavage function of Class 1 RNase III is retained ... "Ribonuclease III mechanisms of double-stranded RNA cleavage". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA. 5 (1): 31-48. doi:10.1002/ ... They are ubiquitous compounds in the cell and play a major role in pathways such as RNA precursor synthesis, RNA Silencing, and ... RNAs that are produced by Dicer act as guides for a sequence of particular silencing of cognate genes through RNAi and related ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_III
RNA-targeting small molecule drugsRNA-targeting small molecule drugs
In an additional approach, dubbed small-molecule nucleic acid profiling by cleavage applied to RNA (Ribo-SNAP) showed that ... RNA Complexation That Target the RNA: Specific Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 TAR RNA by Small Organic ... Guan, Lirui; Disney, Matthew D (2013). "Small-Molecule-Mediated Cleavage of RNA in Living Cells". Angewandte Chemie ... Additionally, HIV-1 RNA has been targeted extensively in vitro by RNA-binding small molecules. In 2007, Miller and coworkers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-targeting_small_molecule_drugs
Fungal ribotoxinFungal ribotoxin
Davies, Julian E.; Schindler, Daniel G. (1977-04-01). "Specific cleavage of ribosomal RNA caused by alpha sarcin". Nucleic ... This cleavage leads to cell death by apoptosis. However, since they are extracellular proteins, they must first enter the cells ... Ribotoxins cleave RNA following a general acid-base mechanism shared by all the extracellular fungal RNases so far ... doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6728-7_16-3. ISBN 978-94-007-6728-7. Tsurugi, K.; Endo, Y. (1987-06-15). "RNA N-glycosidase activity of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_ribotoxin
Guide RNAGuide RNA
They enable the cleavage, insertion and deletion of bases. Trypanosomatid protists and other kinetoplastids have a novel post- ... Guide RNAs binds to the anti sense RNA sequence and regulates the RNA modification. It is observed that small interfering RNA ( ... A guide RNA (gRNA) is a piece of RNA that functions as a guide for RNA- or DNA-targeting enzymes, with which it forms complexes ... Guide RNAs are the small nucleolar RNA, these along with riboproteins perform intracellular RNA alterations such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_RNA
RNA hydrolysisRNA hydrolysis
... resulting in ester cleavage of the RNA backbone. (This mechanism is also referred to as RNA cleavage.) This produces a 2',3'- ... This process is known as an auto-hydrolysis or a self-cleavage reaction. Spontaneous cleavage in an RNA molecule is much more ... RNA hydrolysis is a reaction in which a phosphodiester bond in the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA is broken, cleaving the RNA ... When the RNA is double-stranded or involved in nucleotide base pairing, it is more stable and spontaneous cleavage is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_hydrolysis
NUDT21NUDT21
The protein encoded by this gene is one subunit of the cleavage factor Im complex required for 3' RNA cleavage and ... Awasthi S, Alwine JC (2003). "Association of polyadenylation cleavage factor I with U1 snRNP". RNA. 9 (11): 1400-9. doi:10.1261 ... 2005). "Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein ... 2000). "Human pre-mRNA cleavage factor IIm contains homologs of yeast proteins and bridges two other cleavage factors". EMBO J ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUDT21
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA73Small nucleolar RNA SNORA73
This cleavage leads to the formation of 18S rRNA. Regions of the U17 RNA are complementary to rRNA and act as guides for RNA/ ... In molecular biology, the small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 (also called U17/E1 RNA) belongs to the H/ACA class of small nucleolar ... Page for Small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and ... "5'ETS rRNA processing facilitated by four small RNAs: U14, E3, U17, and U3". RNA. 2 (11): 1094-9. PMC 1369439. PMID 8903340. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORA73
Alexander F. SchierAlexander F. Schier
Internal guide RNA interactions interfere with Cas9-mediated cleavage. Nature Communications 7, 11750. McKenna, A., Findlay, G. ... "Ribosome profiling reveals resemblance between long non-coding RNAs and 5′ leaders of coding RNAs". Development. 140 (13): 2828 ... Schier AF (2007). "The Maternal-Zygotic Transition: Death and Birth of RNAs". Science 316 (5823): 406-7. Giraldez, A.J., ... chromatin and non-coding RNAs. Schier's more recent interest in behavior has established zebrafish as a model for sleep and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_F._Schier
Piwi-interacting RNAPiwi-interacting RNA
Han BW, Wang W, Li C, Weng Z, Zamore PD (May 2015). "Noncoding RNA. piRNA-guided transposon cleavage initiates Zucchini- ... Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells. piRNAs form RNA- ... piRNA has a role in RNA silencing via the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). piRNAs interact with piwi ... Ozata DM, Gainetdinov I, Zoch A, Phillip D, Zamore PD (2019). "PIWI-interacting RNAs: small RNAs with big functions" (PDF). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwi-interacting_RNA
Small nuclear RNASmall nuclear RNA
Thus, U1 snRNA-pre-mRNA base pairing was shown to protect pre-mRNA from polyadenylation as well as premature cleavage. This ... U1 spliceosomal RNA, U2 spliceosomal RNA, U4 spliceosomal RNA, U5 spliceosomal RNA, and U6 spliceosomal RNA. Their nomenclature ... These are small RNA molecules that play an essential role in RNA biogenesis and guide chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs ... They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nuclear_RNA
EIF2C1EIF2C1
"Single-stranded antisense siRNAs guide target RNA cleavage in RNAi". Cell. 110 (5): 563-74. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00908-X. ... Doi N, Zenno S, Ueda R, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Ui-Tei K, Saigo K (Jan 2003). "Short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing in ... This gene encodes a member of the Argonaute family of proteins which play a role in RNA interference. The encoded protein is ... It may interact with dicer1 and play a role in short-interfering-RNA-mediated gene silencing. This gene is located on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIF2C1
RNA-induced silencing complexRNA-induced silencing complex
Zamore PD, Tuschl T, Sharp PA, Bartel DP (2000). "RNAi: double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to ... RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) RNA interference Pratt AJ, MacRae IJ (2009). "The RNA-induced silencing complex: A ... RNA. 11 (5): 674-682. doi:10.1261/rna.7272305. PMC 1370754. PMID 15811921. Hutvagner, Gyorgy (2005). "Small RNA asymmetry in ... There are eight family members in human Argonautes of which only Argonaute 2 is exclusively involved in targeted RNA cleavage ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-induced_silencing_complex
RDE-1RDE-1
Meister G, Landthaler M, Patkaniowska A, Dorsett Y, Teng G, Tuschl T (Jul 2004). "Human Argonaute2 mediates RNA cleavage ... Argonaute Piwi siRNA RNA interference RNA-induced silencing complex RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Tabara, H.; Sarkissian, M.; ... The primary Argonaute complex recruits an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) to generate secondary siRNAs, triggering an ... However, RDE-1 has not been implicated in mRNA-cleavage activity. Instead, RDE-1 with mutations in the conserved DDH motif ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDE-1
GranzymeGranzyme
The granzymes bind directly to the nucleic acids DNA and RNA; this enhances their cleavage of nucleic acid binding proteins. ... June 2014). "Leukocyte protease binding to nucleic acids promotes nuclear localization and cleavage of nucleic acid binding ... December 2011). "Granzyme B inhibits vaccinia virus production through proteolytic cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor 4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granzyme
Mung bean nucleaseMung bean nuclease
Removal of 3´ and 5´ extensions from DNA or RNA termini. Transcriptional mapping. Cleavage of hairpin loops. Excision of gene ... double-stranded RNA, or DNA / RNA hybrids. Mung Bean Nuclease catalyzes the specific degradation of single-stranded DNA or RNA ... An excess of the enzyme is required to degrade double-stranded DNA or RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids, and in this case, AT-rich ... Cleavage of single-basepair mismatches, as a replacement for CEL 1 Nuclease in TILLING. Unidirectional deletion of large DNA ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mung_bean_nuclease
GlmZ RNAGlmZ RNA
Northern blot analysis also indicated this RNA undergoes specific cleavage processing. The GlmZ sRNA has been shown to ... Page for SraJ RNA at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Non-coding RNA, All stub ... "Targeted decay of a regulatory small RNA by an adaptor protein for RNase E and counteraction by an anti-adaptor RNA". Genes & ... GlmZ (formally known as SraJ) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA). It is the functional product of a gene which is not translated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlmZ_RNA
N,N-DiisopropylethylamineN,N-Diisopropylethylamine
Keiper, Sonja; Vyle, Joseph S. (2006-05-12). "Reversible Photocontrol of Deoxyribozyme-Catalyzed RNA Cleavage under Multiple- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N,N-Diisopropylethylamine
TRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferaseTRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase
"RNA methylation by Dnmt2 protects transfer RNAs against stress-induced cleavage". Genes & Development. 24 (15): 1590-5. doi: ... RNA. 14 (8): 1663-70. doi:10.1261/rna.970408. PMC 2491481. PMID 18567810. Schaefer M, Pollex T, Hanna K, Tuorto F, Meusburger M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA_(cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase
Circular RNACircular RNA
They directly base-pair to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and can trigger cleavage of the mRNA depending on the degree of ... Circular RNA (or circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA which, unlike linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop ... RNAs can undergo base modification by RNA editing after transcription. RNA editing occurs mainly in Alu elements of protein- ... February 2013). "Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats". RNA. 19 (2): 141-157. doi:10.1261/rna ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_RNA
PolyadenylationPolyadenylation
... most part of a newly produced RNA and polyadenylates the end produced by this cleavage. The cleavage is catalysed by the enzyme ... The 3′ end is also where the poly(A) tail is found on polyadenylated RNAs. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is RNA that has a coding region ... But, for many long noncoding RNAs - a seemingly large group of regulatory RNAs that, for example, includes the RNA Xist, which ... The rate of deadenylation may also be regulated by RNA-binding proteins. Additionally, RNA triple helix structures and RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyadenylation
Small nucleolar RNASmall nucleolar RNA
Prior to cleavage by exo- and endonucleases, the pre-rRNA undergoes a complex pattern of nucleoside modifications. These ... SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in ... mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which ... doi:10.1261/rna.1354009. PMC 2648702. PMID 19095616. Jády BE, Kiss T (February 2001). "A small nucleolar guide RNA functions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nucleolar_RNA
C17orf98C17orf98
There are no RNA binding motifs or actinin type actin binding motifs. There are no N-myristoylation pattern or prenylation ... Cleavage motifs were not found. There are no ER membrane retention signals, nor peroxisomal targeting signal. SKL2 is not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17orf98
Nucleic acid structure determinationNucleic acid structure determination
This type of probing assay uses the structure dependent cleavage of RNA; single stranded regions are more flexible and unstable ... RNA chemical probing uses chemicals that react with RNAs. Importantly, their reactivity depends on local RNA structure e.g. ... This indicates a functionally important nucleotide, as cleavage of the phosphorothioate by iodine results in an RNA that is ... These reagents would form a covalent adduct on the RNA at the site of reaction. When the RNA is reverse transcribed using a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure_determination
CSTF1CSTF1
"Entrez Gene: CSTF1 cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 1, 50kDa". Kleiman FE, Manley JL (September 1999). " ... Cleavage stimulation factor 50 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF1 gene. This gene encodes one of ... Rüegsegger U, Beyer K, Keller W (March 1996). "Purification and characterization of human cleavage factor Im involved in the 3 ... Murthy KG, Manley JL (November 1995). "The 160-kD subunit of human cleavage-polyadenylation specificity factor coordinates pre- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSTF1
Locus BiosciencesLocus Biosciences
Wiedenheft B, Sternberg SH, Doudna JA (February 2012). "RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archaea". Nature. ... "Cas9-crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria". Proceedings of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_Biosciences
Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteinCoronavirus nucleocapsid protein
N also serves as a chaperone protein for the formation of RNA structure in the genomic RNA. Synthesis of genomic RNA appears to ... "Characterising proteolysis during SARS-CoV-2 infection identifies viral cleavage sites and cellular targets with therapeutic ... The N-terminal domain - sometimes known as the RNA-binding domain, though other parts of the protein also interact with RNA - ... Formation of RNPs is thought to involve allosteric interactions between RNA and multiple RNA-binding regions of the protein. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein
Caspase-activated DNaseCaspase-activated DNase
CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. Caspase-3 is activated ... Hillman RT, Green RE, Brenner SE (2005). "An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance". Genome Biology. 5 (2): R8. doi:10.1186/ ... McCarty JS, Toh SY, Li P (October 1999). "Multiple domains of DFF45 bind synergistically to DFF40: roles of caspase cleavage ... Referring to the example of skeletal cells, their differentiation is associated to cleavage of the kinase MST1. Moreover, it ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase-activated_DNase
Genomic imprintingGenomic imprinting
The expression of non-coding RNAs, such as antisense Igf2r RNA (Air) on mouse chromosome 17 and KCNQ1OT1 on human chromosome ... In embryos destined to become males, one haploid set of chromosomes becomes heterochromatinised after the sixth cleavage ... DeVeale B, van der Kooy D, Babak T (2012). "Critical evaluation of imprinted gene expression by RNA-Seq: a new perspective". ... The grouping of imprinted genes within clusters allows them to share common regulatory elements, such as non-coding RNAs and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_imprinting
InterferonInterferon
"Proteolytic cleavage of the reovirus sigma 3 protein results in enhanced double-stranded RNA-binding activity: identification ... Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ... RNA interference technology tools such as siRNA or vector-based reagents can either silence or stimulate interferon pathways. ... The superinduced human beta interferon messenger RNA was prepared by Tan's lab for Cetus corp. to clone the human beta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon
PTBP1PTBP1
The protein encoded by this gene has four repeats of quasi-RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains that bind RNAs. This protein ... de Vries H, Rüegsegger U, Hübner W, Friedlein A, Langen H, Keller W (November 2000). "Human pre-mRNA cleavage factor II(m) ... The hnRNPs are RNA-binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with ... Conte MR, Grüne T, Ghuman J, Kelly G, Ladas A, Matthews S, Curry S (June 2000). "Structure of tandem RNA recognition motifs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTBP1
Caspase 10Caspase 10
1997). "A serine/arginine-rich nuclear matrix cyclophilin interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II". Nucleic ... Satoh S, Hijikata M, Handa H, Shimotohno K (1999). "Caspase-mediated cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase_10
CPSF1CPSF1
1996). "The RNA 3' cleavage factors CstF 64 kDa and CPSF 100 kDa are concentrated in nuclear domains closely associated with ... Cleavage requires four multisubunit complexes, namely cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF), cleavage ... 2000). "Human pre-mRNA cleavage factor IIm contains homologs of yeast proteins and bridges two other cleavage factors". EMBO J ... First there is a site-specific cleavage by an endonuclease and then the addition of a poly(A) tail at the 3 prime end of the 5 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPSF1
RNASEH1RNASEH1
The RNase H1 is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism. GRCh38: Ensembl ... 2003). "Human RNase H1 uses one tryptophan and two lysines to position the enzyme at the 3'-DNA/5'-RNA terminus of the ... 2008). "Specific recognition of RNA/DNA hybrid and enhancement of human RNase H1 activity by HBD". EMBO J. 27 (7): 1172-81. doi ... "Structure of human RNase H1 complexed with an RNA/DNA hybrid: insight into HIV reverse transcription". Mol. Cell. 28 (2): 264- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNASEH1
List of homing endonuclease cutting sitesList of homing endonuclease cutting sites
Turmel M, Gutell RR, Mercier JP, Otis C, Lemieux C (July 1993). "Analysis of the chloroplast large subunit ribosomal RNA gene ... Marshall P, Lemieux C (August 1991). "Cleavage pattern of the homing endonuclease encoded by the fifth intron in the ... Szczepanek T, Lazowska J (July 1996). "Replacement of two non-adjacent amino acids in the S.cerevisiae bi2 intron-encoded RNA ... Yang J, Zimmerly S, Perlman PS, Lambowitz AM (May 1996). "Efficient integration of an intron RNA into double-stranded DNA by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_homing_endonuclease_cutting_sites
Pattern recognition receptorPattern recognition receptor
RLRs initiate the release of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN I). RLRs are RNA helicases, which have been ... causing cleavage and activation of important inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, and/or activate the NF-κB signaling pathway ... Three RLR helicases have so far been described: RIG-I and MDA5 (recognizing 5'triphosphate-RNA and dsRNA, respectively), which ... such as bacterial or viral DNA or RNA), bacterial peptides (flagellin, microtubule elongation factors), peptidoglycans and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor
ENDOGENDOG
The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the conserved DNA/RNA non-specific ββα-Me-finger nuclease family and possesses a ... This precursor is activated by proteolytic cleavage of the mitochondrial targeting sequence, thus producing a mature 28-kDa ... This protein is capable of generating the RNA primers required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of mitochondrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENDOG
Cruciform DNACruciform DNA
In the presence of Endonuclease T7, pLAT75 adopted a linear structure after cleavage at the colE1 sequence site. Cruciform DNA ... Cruciform structures block the recognition of the tet promoter in pX by RNA polymerase. The cruciform structures can also ... This occurs because inappropriate cruciform DNA is a potential target for endonuclease double-stranded cleavage, most often at ... 2013-03-12). "Two sequential cleavage reactions on cruciform DNA structures cause palindrome-mediated chromosomal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciform_DNA
Cycling probe technologyCycling probe technology
Cleavage occurs at the RNA internucleotide linkages and results in dissociation of the probe from the target, thereby making it ... The chimeric probe consists of an RNA segment sandwiched between two DNA segments. The RNA segment contains 4 contiguous purine ... Once hybridized, the probe becomes a suitable substrate for RNase H. RNase H, an endonuclease, cleaves the RNA portion of the ... Jacroux T, Rieck DC, Cui R, Ouyang Y, Dong WJ (January 2013). "Enzymatic amplification of DNA/RNA hybrid molecular beacon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_probe_technology
Glauco Tocchini-ValentiniGlauco Tocchini-Valentini
... method of RNA cleavage and method of RNA cleavage and recombination. In 2003, the RNA cleavage method first exposes the target ... As the target RNA molecule and the exogenous RNA molecule are treated with the correct ligase, RNA chimeras form. This results ... The cleavage reaction can occur both in vitro and in vivo, and it is mainly used to demonstrate the presence of specific RNAs ... Tocchini-Valentini has filed several patents pertaining to RNA cleavage and recombination. The following two have been approved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauco_Tocchini-Valentini
PicornavirusPicornavirus
Other cleavage products include 3B (VPg), 2C (an ATPase), and 3D (the RNA polymerase). Genomic RNAs of picornaviruses possess ... strand RNA genome is replicated through a double-stranded RNA intermediate that is formed using viral RNA-dependent RNA ... The genome RNA is unusual because it has a protein on the 5' end that is used as a primer for transcription by RNA polymerase. ... Virus RNA polymerases use VPg as primer. VPg as primer uses both positive- and negative-strand RNA synthesis. Picornavirus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus
Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid
... reacts slowly with DNA and RNA as well as all nucleotides in vitro. GMP is the most reactive because HClO ... A second slower reaction that results in cleavage of the pyridine ring occurs when excess HClO is present. NAD+ is inert to ... resulting in cleavage of the protein. McKenna and Davies found that 10 mM or greater HClO is necessary to fragment proteins in ... RNA, fatty acid groups, cholesterol and proteins. Knox et al. first noted that HClO is a sulfhydryl inhibitor that, in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid
Aldolase AAldolase A
Sakakibara M, Mukai T, Hori K (1985). "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase: a messenger RNA in the liver". ... and substrate cleavage. Though ALDOA localizes to the nucleus, it lacks any known nuclear localization signals (NLS). In ... 6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by aldol cleavage of the C3-C4 bond. As a result, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldolase_A
SNX8SNX8
Furthermore, RNA viral infections cause the translocation of SNX8 from the cytosol to the mitochondria. During the early stage ... the neuroprotective soluble fragment sAPPα is produced as a product of APP cleavage by α-secretases. Lately, APP that reaches ... SNX8 is a key component in the induction of downstream effector antiviral gene transcription in response to RNA viruses, as it ... Examples of genes whose RNA virus-triggered expression is stimulated by SNX8 are IFNB1, ISG56 and IL6 (being IL6 and IFNB1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNX8
Protein aggregationProtein aggregation
During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA, forming a strand of pre-mRNA that undergoes RNA processing to form mRNA. During ... and/or cleavage of the polypeptide bonds. This can affect the non-covalent interactions that hold the protein together ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_aggregation
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome EditingNo-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing
In DNA replication, RNA primers must be inserted along the lagging strand so that DNA polymerase is able to synthesize the ... Exo is a globular, trimeric protein that forms a ring shape with a hollow center that positions the linear DNA for cleavage. ... Therefore, to avoid cell death, a transfer messenger RNA (ssrA) tag was included in the plasmid downstream of the cas9 gene. In ... Jiang, Wenyan; Bikard, David; Cox, David; Zhang, Feng; Marraffini, Luciano A. (2013-03-01). "RNA-guided editing of bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-SCAR_(Scarless_Cas9_Assisted_Recombineering)_Genome_Editing
EpigenomicsEpigenomics
Regulatory proteins that bind to DNA, RNA, and/or proteins are key effectors in these processes and function by positively or ... The main issue of this technique is that the cleavage distribution can be biased, lowering the quality of the results. FAIRE- ... MNase-seq utilises a micrococcal nuclease that produces a single strand cleavage on the opposite strand of the target sequence ... Axel R (July 1975). "Cleavage of DNA in nuclei and chromatin with staphylococcal nuclease". Biochemistry. 14 (13): 2921-5. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenomics
Caprin-1Caprin-1
de Vries H, Rüegsegger U, Hübner W, Friedlein A, Langen H, Keller W (November 2000). "Human pre-mRNA cleavage factor II(m) ... November 2017). "RNG105/caprin1, an RNA granule protein for dendritic mRNA localization, is essential for long-term memory ... contains homologs of yeast proteins and bridges two other cleavage factors". The EMBO Journal. 19 (21): 5895-904. doi:10.1093/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprin-1
Ribose-seqRibose-seq
... cyclic phosphate ends of RNA to 2′-phosphate and ligates these to 5′-phosphate ends of RNA or DNA. Introducing AtRNL to the ... The specificity for cleavage at these sites is driven by the relative sensitivity of the molecule at this region due to the ... "Ribonucleotide triggered DNA damage and RNA-DNA damage responses". RNA Biology. 11 (11): 1340-6. doi:10.4161/15476286.2014. ... RHII-HyEn-seq: Uses Escherichia coli RNase HII and T4 RNA ligase to capture the embedded rNMP from its 5′ side. RHII-HydEn-seq ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose-seq
C16orf90C16orf90
"ProP 1.0 Protopeptide Cleavage Site Predictor". www.cbs.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2020-05-01. "C16orf90 Orthologs". NCBI gene. " ... "RNAfold". Vienna RNA Web Services. Universitat Wien. Retrieved April 26, 2020. ELM. "Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource". ... sites add sugars to lysines post-translationally and can be necessary for protein folding or stability There is a cleavage site ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C16orf90
ARMH3ARMH3
It is unclear as to whether this is a uniquely transcribed variant or it results from protein cleavage of the full-size protein ... Weinberg MS, Barichievy S, Schaffer L, Han J, Morris KV (2007). "An RNA targeted to the HIV-1 LTR promoter modulates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMH3
MUS81MUS81
Blais V, Gao H, Elwell CA, Boddy MN, Gaillard PH, Russell P, McGowan CH (Feb 2004). "RNA interference inhibition of Mus81 ... selective endonuclease requires nicked DNA junctions to undergo conformational changes and bend its DNA substrates for cleavage ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUS81
Cis-directed cleavage and nonstoichiometric abundances of 21-nucleotide reproductive phased small interfering RNAs in grassesCis-directed cleavage and nonstoichiometric abundances of 21-nucleotide reproductive phased small interfering RNAs in grasses
In anthers of grasses, hundreds of loci yield noncoding RNAs that are processed into 21- and 24-nucleotide (nt) phased small ... interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs); these are triggered by miR2118 and … ... Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants results from independent activities of diverse small RNA types. ... Cis-directed cleavage and nonstoichiometric abundances of 21-nucleotide reproductive phased small interfering RNAs in grasses ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29708601/
The RNase H affinity and cleavage of the target RNA in the antisense-RNA hybrid duplexes containing various 3′-tethered...The RNase H affinity and cleavage of the target RNA in the antisense-RNA hybrid duplexes containing various 3′-tethered...
RNA hybrid duplexes, with the 3′-end of the AON strand tethered with cholic acid (), its triacetate (), cholesterol () or ... The kinetics of RNase H promoted cleavage of the RNA strand in the antisense oligonucleotide (AON)- ... The RNA concentration-dependent kinetics of the RNase H promoted cleavage reaction gave values for Km and Vmax for RNA (6)-AON ... It has been shown that the extent of the cleavage of the target RNA by RNase H in the conjugated AON (2-5)-RNA (6) hybrid ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2002/P2/B108196A
Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model...Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model...
Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model ... "Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model ... Because they lack an envelope, picornaviruses face the challenge of delivering their RNA genomes across the membrane of the ... However, more recent studies suggest aphthovirus RNA is released from intact particles and the dissociation to pentamers may be ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/32072122
Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNA<sup>Gln-TTG</sup>-derived small RNAs present in mature...
Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNAGln-TTG-derived small RNAs present in mature spermatozoa. In: ... Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNAGln-TTG-derived small RNAs present in mature spermatozoa. Journal ... Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNAGln-TTG-derived small RNAs present in mature spermatozoa. / Chen ... Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNAGln-TTG-derived small RNAs present in mature spermatozoa. ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/early-cleavage-of-preimplantation-embryos-is-regulated-by-trnasup
Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins with the DYW motif have distinct molecular functions in RNA editing and RNA cleavage in...
Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins with the DYW motif have distinct molecular functions in RNA editing and RNA cleavage in ... Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins with the DYW motif have distinct molecular functions in RNA editing and RNA cleavage in ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/pentatricopeptide-repeat-proteins-with-the-dyw-motif-have-distinc/fingerprints/
Unbiased detection of off-target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs using integrase-defective lentiviral vectors | Nature...Unbiased detection of off-target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs using integrase-defective lentiviral vectors | Nature...
... we find frequent off-target sites with a one-base bulge or up to 13 mismatches between the single guide RNA (sgRNA) and its ... We show that integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) can detect such off-target cleavage with a frequency as low as 1%. ... Off-target cleavage by CAS9 or TALEN genome editing tools is detected by integrase-defective lentiviral vectors. The utility of ... Supplementary Figure 7 D10A Cas9 mediates efficient cleavage of the target in the WAS and TAT genes.. (a) Sequences of the ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3127?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4bc8ffc9-1601-40ed-9b80-50ca1da910fb
SCOPe 2.07: Domain d2gjwa5: 2gjw A:1-4SCOPe 2.07: Domain d2gjwa5: 2gjw A:1-4
PDB Description: RNA Recognition and Cleavage by an Splicing Endonuclease. PDB Compounds: (A:) tRNA-splicing endonuclease. ...
http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=287308&ver=2.07
Combined hairpin-antisense compositions and methods for modulating expression (Patent) | DOE PatentsCombined hairpin-antisense compositions and methods for modulating expression (Patent) | DOE Patents
Single-Stranded Antisense siRNAs Guide Target RNA Cleavage in RNAi journal, September 2002 * Martinez, Javier; Patkaniowska, ... RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs journal, January 2001 * Elbashir, S. M. ... A Cellular Function for the RNA-Interference Enzyme Dicer in the Maturation of the let-7 Small Temporal RNA journal, July 2001 ... Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells journal, May 2001 * Elbashir, Sayda M.; ...
https://www.osti.gov/doepatents/biblio/1226826
SELF-SPLICING AND ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF RNA BY A GROUP-I INTERVENING SEQUENCE | CU Experts | CU BoulderSELF-SPLICING AND ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF RNA BY A GROUP-I INTERVENING SEQUENCE | CU Experts | CU Boulder
SELF-SPLICING AND ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF RNA BY A GROUP-I INTERVENING SEQUENCE Journal Article *Overview ...
https://experts.colorado.edu/display/pubid_31116
Visualization of the binding site for the transcript cleavage factor GreB on Escherichia coli RNA polymerase<...
Visualization of the binding site for the transcript cleavage factor GreB on Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. In: Journal of ... Visualization of the binding site for the transcript cleavage factor GreB on Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Journal of ... Visualization of the binding site for the transcript cleavage factor GreB on Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. / Polyakov, ... The structure of Escherichia coli core RNA polymerase (RNAP) complexed with the transcript cleavage factor GreB was determined ...
https://www.researchwithrowan.com/en/publications/visualization-of-the-binding-site-for-the-transcript-cleavage-fac
The Phage-Encoded N-Acetyltransferase Rac Mediates Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transcription by Cleavage of the RNA...The Phage-Encoded N-Acetyltransferase Rac Mediates Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transcription by Cleavage of the RNA...
In this study, we describe the biological function of the phage-encoded protein RNA polymerase alpha subunit cleavage protein ( ... N2 - In this study, we describe the biological function of the phage-encoded protein RNA polymerase alpha subunit cleavage ... AB - In this study, we describe the biological function of the phage-encoded protein RNA polymerase alpha subunit cleavage ... The Phage-Encoded N-Acetyltransferase Rac Mediates Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transcription by Cleavage of the RNA ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-phage-encoded-n-acetyltransferase-rac-mediates-inactivation-o
Dissecting the roles of VP0 cleavage and RNA packaging in picornavirus capsid stabilization: the structure of empty capsids of...Dissecting the roles of VP0 cleavage and RNA packaging in picornavirus capsid stabilization: the structure of empty capsids of...
Thus, VP0 cleavage confers stability on the picornavirus capsid over and above that attributable to RNA encapsidation. In both ... Dissecting the roles of VP0 cleavage and RNA packaging in picornavirus capsid stabilization: the structure of empty capsids of ... Dissecting the roles of VP0 cleavage and RNA packaging in picornavirus capsid stabilization: the structure of empty capsids of ... The ordering of these termini in the presence of RNA strengthens interactions within a single protomer and between protomers ...
https://scholar.ppu.edu/handle/123456789/8399
Urothelial Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters Medication: Antineoplastics, Antibiotic, Biological Response Modifiers,...Urothelial Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters Medication: Antineoplastics, Antibiotic, Biological Response Modifiers,...
This inhibits the formation of thymidylate and purines and arrests DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It is one of the components ... They intercalate between DNA base pairs and trigger DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II. ... Vinca alkaloids act on the M and S phases of mitosis, inhibiting microtubule formation and inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis. ... At high concentrations of the drug, cellular RNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed. Like BCG intravesical, this ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/452449-201047/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-antineoplastics-alkylating-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-urothelial-tumors-of-the-renal-pelvis-and-ureters
Developmental BiologyDevelopmental Biology
Early cleavage of preimplantation embryos is regulated by tRNAGln-TTG-derived small RNAs present in mature spermatozoa. Journal ... tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) from spermatozoa could act as acquired epigenetic factors and contribute to offspring ... Here, using a combination of gene targeting, chromatin profiling, and single-cell RNA analysis, we examined the role of the ... By microinjection of antisense sequences into in vitro fertilized oocytes and subsequent single-cell RNA-seq of embryos, we ...
https://www.jbc.org/Developmental-Biology?startPage=&KeywordRaw=epigenetics
PDF] Distinct Roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA Silencing Pathways | Semantic ScholarPDF] Distinct Roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA Silencing Pathways | Semantic Scholar
Distinct roles for Argonaute proteins in small RNA-directed RNA cleavage pathways.. *K. Okamura, A. Ishizuka, H. Siomi, M. ... Targeting of Dicer-2 and RNA by a Viral RNA Silencing Suppressor in Drosophila Cells. *Nan Qi, Lei Zhang, +8 authors. Yuanyang ... Dicer functions in RNA interference and in synthesis of small RNA involved in developmental timing in C. elegans.. *R. Ketting ... and the RNA cleavage active site in the RNaseIII domain corresponds to the 21-nt pitch in the A-form duplex of along ds RNA ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Distinct-Roles-for-Drosophila-Dicer-1-and-Dicer-2-Lee-Nakahara/40586b7711b201a6c6ba0c518b10c4123fd49822
Bladder Cancer Medication: Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite, Antineoplastics, Vinca Alkaloid, Antineoplastics, Anthracycline,...Bladder Cancer Medication: Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite, Antineoplastics, Vinca Alkaloid, Antineoplastics, Anthracycline,...
Thiotepa is an alkylating agent that inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis by producing cross-links between DNA strands. It ... They intercalate between DNA base pairs and trigger DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II. ... Vinca alkaloids act on the M and S phases of mitosis, inhibiting microtubule formation and inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis. ... Docetaxel inhibits the depolymerization of tubulin, which inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It can be used for the ...
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438262-medication
Staff Profile - Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences - Newcastle UniversityStaff Profile - Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences - Newcastle University
RNA 2004, 10(1), 75-89. * de Felipe P, Hughes LE, Ryan MD, Brown JD. Co-translational, Intraribosomal Cleavage of Polypeptides ... RNA 2005, 11(1), 7-13. * van Nues RW, Brown JD. Saccharomyces SRP RNA secondary structures: A conserved S-domain and extended ... Integrity of SRP RNA is ensured by La and the nuclear RNA quality control machinery. Nucleic Acids Research 2014, 42(16), 10698 ... RNA Biology 2008, 5(2), 73-83. * Doronina VA, Wu C, de Felipe P, Sachs MS, Ryan MD, Brown JD. Site-specific release of nascent ...
https://www.ncl.ac.uk/bns/people/profile/jeremybrown.html
Professor Nicholas H. Williams | Chemistry | The University of SheffieldProfessor Nicholas H. Williams | Chemistry | The University of Sheffield
Bulge size dependence and positioning of catalytic group in cleavage of RNA-bulges. ORG BIOMOL CHEM. , 1(9), 1461-1465. ... Korhonen H, Mikkola S & Williams NH (2012) The mechanism of cleavage and isomerisation of RNA promoted by an efficient ... Korhonen H, Mikkola S & Williams NH (2012) β values in mechanistic studies on the transesterification of RNA models and their ... Feng G, Natale D, Prabaharan R, Mareque-Rivas JC & Williams NH (2006) Efficient Phosphodiester Binding and Cleavage by a ZnII ...
https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/people/academic/nicholas-h-williams
Non-Coding RNAs and their Integrated NetworksNon-Coding RNAs and their Integrated Networks
Besides protein-coding RNAs, there are different types of non-coding RNAs that modulate complex molecular and cellular ... RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods greatly promoted the study of ncRNAs, which revealed ncRNAs essential ... including coding and non-coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. In this review, we discuss the distinct types of ncRNAs, including ... RNA methylation by Dnmt2 protects transfer RNAs against stress-induced cleavage. Genes Dev 2010;24:1590-5.10.1101/gad.586710 ...
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jib-2019-0027/html
RNA interference functions and mechanisms in animals | HSTalksRNA interference functions and mechanisms in animals | HSTalks
Richard Carthew on RNA interference functions and mechanisms in animals, part of a collection of multimedia lectures. ... Post-transcriptional cleavage of mRNAs. *Applications of RNAi. *Dicer and its cofactors process and load RNA into Argonaute ... RNA modifications in human diseases: what, when and how? RNA modifications in human diseases: what, when and how? ... To understand why RNA Interference or RNAi exists, its worth revisiting two classic books from the 19th century. One that you ...
https://hstalks.com/t/3597/rna-interference-functions-and-mechanisms-in-anima/?biosci
MMRRC:040290-MUMMRRC:040290-MU
Name: cleavage stimulation factor, 3 pre-RNA subunit 2, tau. Synonyms: tCstF-64, 64kDa ...
https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/sds.php?mmrrc_id=40290
CRISPR-Cas9 for medical genetic screens: applications and future perspectives | Journal of Medical GeneticsCRISPR-Cas9 for medical genetic screens: applications and future perspectives | Journal of Medical Genetics
Programmable RNA recognition and cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9. Nature 2014;516:263-6. doi:10.1038/nature13769. ... First, RNA-targeting Cas9 (RCas9) is a kind of Cas9 variant that can site-specifically bind and cut single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) ... D) A scaffold RNA (scRNA) capable of recruiting RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can be incorporated into sgRNA. These RBPs are then ... To increase the regulatory potency with individual sgRNA, a scaffold RNA (scRNA) capable of recruiting RNA-binding proteins ( ...
https://jmg.bmj.com/content/53/2/91
François Bachand - Spécialistes - Recherche - Université de Sherbrooke - Université de SherbrookeFrançois Bachand - Spécialistes - Recherche - Université de Sherbrooke - Université de Sherbrooke
student/staff from my lab) Yague-Sanz C*, Duval M*, Larochelle M*, and BACHAND F. (2021). Co-transcriptional RNA cleavage by ... 2013). The RNA exosome promotes a transcription termination pathway coupled to RNA decay. International RNA Society meeting. ( ... 2013). The RNA exosome promotes a transcription termination pathway coupled to RNA decay. RNA 3 ends: Mechanism and Biological ... 2013). The RNA exosome promotes a transcription termination pathway coupled to RNA decay. EMBO Workshop - RNA 3 ends: ...
https://www.usherbrooke.ca/recherche/specialistes/details/francois.bachand2
Making a Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) for a HPAI (Bird Flu) Virus | Avian Influenza (Flu)Making a Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) for a HPAI (Bird Flu) Virus | Avian Influenza (Flu)
The HA and NA from the bird flu virus are either prepared synthetically or by using the viral RNA of the wild type virus, if it ... The "trypsin dependent plaque assay" is a laboratory test that ensures that the polybasic cleavage site (i.e., the part of the ... "polybasic cleavage site." The prepared DNA is introduced into cells (typically "Vero" cells in the laboratory) and allowed to ...
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/candidate-vaccine-virus.htm
Goethe-Universität - …From Single Molecules to Cells…Goethe-Universität - …From Single Molecules to Cells…
Molecular recognition of biopolymers, especially of RNA, is an important topic. In an concerted effort of the SFB 579, the ... Stereoselective C-C bond forming reactions are studied as well as the sequence specific cleavage of nucleic acids. ... Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids: Synthesis of Functional Molecules Acting on DNA and RNA.. Forschung/Research. ... Chemische Biologie der Nucleinsäuren: Synthese funktionaler Moleküle, die auf DNA und RNA einwirken.. ...
https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/53458212/Arbeitskreis_Prof__Dr__Gbel
Tips to avoid patent pitfalls as market for RNAi-derived therapeutics grows | CASTips to avoid patent pitfalls as market for RNAi-derived therapeutics grows | CAS
The value and complexity of the patent landscape around RNA interference (RNAi) is increasing, creating special challenges for ... miRNA are small RNA molecules which silence genes by binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA). Mechanisms include:. *Cleavage of ... There are two common types of RNAi molecules: micro RNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Both are non-coding RNAs, as ... The value and complexity of the patent landscape around RNA interference (RNAi) is increasing, creating special challenges for ...
https://www.cas.org/resource/blog/rnai-market-growth
FIP1L1 gene: MedlinePlus GeneticsFIP1L1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
The FIP1L1 gene provides instructions for making part of a protein complex named cleavage and polyadenylation specificity ... Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, Langen H, Keller W. Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and ... The FIP1L1 gene provides instructions for making part of a protein complex named cleavage and polyadenylation specificity ... The CPSF protein complex helps add a string of the RNA building block adenine to the mRNA, creating a polyadenine tail or poly( ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/fip1l1/
A conserved RNA-protein complex component involved in physiological germline apoptosis regulation in C. elegans | Development |...A conserved RNA-protein complex component involved in physiological germline apoptosis regulation in C. elegans | Development |...
Pronuclear fusion is delayed (K), and cleavage furrows begin to form (not shown) but subsequently regresses, giving rise to a ... In general, RNA helicases are each found in a specific set of RNA-protein complexes, where they facilitate RNA-RNA or RNA- ... Drosophila Tral and Me31B form a RNA-dependent complex and colocalize in the germline. (A) RNA-dependent interaction between ... Drosophila Tral and Me31B form a RNA-dependent complex and colocalize in the germline. (A) RNA-dependent interaction between ...
https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/132/22/4975/42939/A-conserved-RNA-protein-complex-component-involved
Publication : USDA ARSPublication : USDA ARS
... non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. MicroRNAs are most ...
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=233249
PolymeraseProteinsOligonucleotidesMRNAsRNAiGenomeInterferenceMoleculesSubunitSynthesisGenesPolymerasesViralGeneSingle-strandedDicerMoleculeInhibitionEndonucleaseRibonucleicDegradationMRNARibosomalEnzymeHelicaseVirusesGenomicPrecursorSpecific cleavageAssayMolecularMechanismsNucleotideGenomesCRISPR-Cas9PathwaysTranscriptionRibozymesDuplexSequence specificReactionMiRNAsInactivationCleaveEpigeneticSmallComplexesInhibitTerminiArtificialTranscriptsInvolvesTarget
Polymerase17
  • The structure of Escherichia coli core RNA polymerase (RNAP) complexed with the transcript cleavage factor GreB was determined from electron micrographs of negatively stained, flattened helical crystals. (researchwithrowan.com)
  • A binding assay was developed to establish that GreB was incorporated into the RNA polymerase crystals with high occupancy through interactions between the globular C-terminal domain and the RNA polymerase. (researchwithrowan.com)
  • Comparison of the core RNAP:GreB structure with the previously determined structure of core RNAP located the GreB binding site on one face of the RNA polymerase, next to but not in the 25 Å-diameter channel of RNA polymerase. (researchwithrowan.com)
  • In this study, we describe the biological function of the phage-encoded protein RNA polymerase alpha subunit cleavage protein (Rac), a predicted Gcn5-related acetyltransferase encoded by phiKMV-like viruses. (elsevier.com)
  • These phages encode a single-subunit RNA polymerase for transcription of their late (structure- and lysis-associated) genes, whereas the bacterial RNA polymerase is used at the earlier stages of infection. (elsevier.com)
  • Rac mediates the inactivation of bacterial transcription by introducing a specific cleavage in the α subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase. (elsevier.com)
  • Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, Langen H, Keller W. Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: TFIIS stimulates RNA cleavage by RNA polymerase II and promotes the resolution of backtracking events. (yeastgenome.org)
  • This crucial step triggers RNA polymerase II release from promoter-proximal pausing and expression of DNA damage response genes. (cell.com)
  • Although dengue virus genome replication occurs in the cytoplasm of infected cells, it has been shown that the NS5 protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) is hyperphosphorylated at a late stage in infection and localized to the cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • A - D, conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs. (cdc.gov)
  • Pri-miRNA is typically a large RNA polymerase pol II-derived transcript whose tertiary structure forms stem loop structures. (cdc.gov)
  • The pri-miRNA transcript is transcribed by RNA polymerase II. (cdc.gov)
  • The lack of DNA cleavage results in gene silencing through impeding RNA polymerase binding, transcription factor binding, and/or transcription elongation. (measurebiology.org)
  • Sofosbuvir is an inhibitor of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent polymerase. (medscape.com)
  • Our Bst DNA/RNA Polymerase is at the core of this platform, which is a mixture of Bst polymerase and extremely thermostable reverse transcriptase. (sbsgenetech.com)
  • This is calculated by using the diameter of a nucleus [measured to be 2 m (28)] to give a nuclear volume of 3.4 10?12 liters, and with the known density of RNA polymerase II (one per 80 bp on an induced gene) and elongation rate (1.2 kb/min) (29). (healthyguide.info)
Proteins11
  • Additionally, we show that all poliovirus genomes that are internalized into cells, not just those resulting in infection, are protected from RNase A. These results support a finely coordinated, directional model of viral RNA delivery that involves viral proteins and cellular membranes. (harvard.edu)
  • Distinct roles for Argonaute proteins in small RNA-directed RNA cleavage pathways. (semanticscholar.org)
  • It is shown that AGO2 is an essential component for siRNA-directed RNA interference (RNAi) response and is required for the unwinding of siRNA duplex and in consequence assembly of si RNA into RISC in Drosophila embryos, and that distinct Argonaute proteins act at different steps of the small RNA silencing mechanism. (semanticscholar.org)
  • As important key players in gene regulatory networks, ncRNAs work with other biomolecules, including coding and non-coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. (degruyter.com)
  • This complex of proteins plays an important role in processing molecules called messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which serve as the genetic blueprints for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, we describe a predicted RNA-binding protein, CAR-1, that associates with CGH-1 and Y-box proteins within a conserved germline RNA-protein (RNP) complex, and in cytoplasmic particles in the gonad and early embryo. (biologists.com)
  • Biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids (RNA/DNA), lipids and carbohydrates play a variety of important roles in biological processes. (biophysics.org)
  • 1986). The identification of ribozymes led to a fascinating 'RNA World' hypothesis suggesting that RNA acted as genetic material and as a catalyst, long before the formation of DNA and proteins, in self-replicating organisms (Gilbert 1986). (biophysics.org)
  • The N-terminal region is associated serves directly as a template for the synthesis with the RNA capping reaction that puts a of the virus proteins. (who.int)
  • In this strain, 1 putative cleavage site of the viral polyprotein responsible for processing of structural proteins was changed. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
Oligonucleotides10
  • When developing a search strategy, consider multiple ways the siRNA can be described, such as modified dsRNA, oligonucleotides, oligomers, RNA interference and RNAi. (cas.org)
  • Covalent attachment of suitable macrocyclic lanthanide complexes to oligonucleotides allows the cleavage of complementary RNAs in a sequence-specific manner. (chimia.ch)
  • Hybridization kinetics of out-of-equilibrium mixtures of short RNA oligonucleotides. (harvard.edu)
  • Nonenzymatic assembly of active chimeric ribozymes from aminoacylated RNA oligonucleotides. (harvard.edu)
  • Oligonucleotides are known to hybridize to single-stranded RNA or single-stranded DNA. (justia.com)
  • Hybridization is the sequence-specific base pair hydrogen bonding of bases of the oligonucleotides to bases of target RNA or DNA. (justia.com)
  • Oligonucleotides can be used to effect enzymatic cleavage of a target RNA by using the intracellular enzyme RNase H. The mechanism of such RNase H cleavage requires that a 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl oligonucleotide hybridize to a target RNA. (justia.com)
  • According to these publications, DNA oligonucleotides having both unmodified phosphodiester internucleoside linkages and modified phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages are substrates for cellular RNase H. Since they are substrates, they activate the cleavage of target RNA by RNase H. However, the authors further note that in Xenopus embryos, both phosphodiester linkages and phosphorothioate linkages are also subject to exonuclease degradation. (justia.com)
  • The Alt-R CRISPR-Cas9 RNA oligonucleotides (30 nM) were introduced by lipofection into HEK-293 cells that stably express Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. (idtdna.com)
  • The hybridization of exogenous oligonucleotides to cellular RNA and DNA offers a means to modulate the expression of specific genes, with applications in the treatment of viral infections, cancer and other diseases. (port.ac.uk)
MRNAs3
  • As a template for protein synthesis, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have become the major research focus for a long time, while non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were considered as by-products of massive transcription with less biological meaning. (degruyter.com)
  • MicroRNAs are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. (usda.gov)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously synthesized small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interfering with protein translational machinery and/or inducing degradation of target mRNAs [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)
RNAi7
  • This work shows that the B2 protein from Wuhan nodavirus (WhNV), the counterpart of Flock House virus, suppresses Drosophila melanogaster RNAi by directly interacting with Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) and sequestering double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). (semanticscholar.org)
  • And today I'm going to be talking about RNA Interference or RNAi and its functions and mechanisms in animals. (hstalks.com)
  • To understand why RNA Interference or RNAi exists, it's worth revisiting two classic books from the 19th century. (hstalks.com)
  • Conventionally, genetic screens in cultured cells are mainly conducted with the aid of RNA interference (RNAi) or complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries. (bmj.com)
  • When car-1 expression is depleted by RNA interference (RNAi), physiological apoptosis is increased,brood size is modestly reduced, and early embryonic cytokinesis is abnormal. (biologists.com)
  • The value and complexity of the patent landscape around RNA interference (RNAi) is increasing, creating special challenges for patent searches to protect IP and maximize its value. (cas.org)
  • There are two common types of RNAi molecules: micro RNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). (cas.org)
Genome8
  • MuV is a member of the genus Rubulavirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae, and has a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome. (stanford.edu)
  • The ~11 kb ss (+) RNA genome of domains that contain enzyme activities that dengue virus is capped at the 5' end but not are crucial for the replicative cycle of the poly-adenylylated and upon uncoating, virus. (who.int)
  • 2015) Dramatic enhancement of genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 through improved guide RNA design. (wormbook.org)
  • The T7 endonuclease I (T7EI) mismatch cleavage assay detects on-target genome editing and estimates genome editing efficiency in CRISPR-treated cells. (idtdna.com)
  • The characterization and molecular cloning of the double-stranded RNA genome of an Australian strain of infectious bursal disease virus. (nchu.edu.tw)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.org)
  • Its genome is about 30 kb , which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. (wikizero.com)
  • The 5' methylated cap and 3' polyadenylated tail allows the positive-sense RNA genome to be directly translated by the host cell's ribosome on viral entry . (wikizero.com)
Interference1
  • RNA interference chili leaf curl virus cleavage micro RNAs. (who.int)
Molecules8
  • Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids: Synthesis of Functional Molecules Acting on DNA and RNA. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • miRNA are small RNA molecules which silence genes by binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA). (cas.org)
  • Ribozymes are RNA molecules ble to self-fold and even self-cleave to act as accelerators for biochemical reactions in the body. (inrs.ca)
  • The team is primarily focused on RNA molecules that act as accelerators for biochemical reactions in the body. (inrs.ca)
  • it also influences small, non-coding RNA molecules like NikS. (labroots.com)
  • Dr. Altman's group in 1983 demonstrated that the RNA subunits of E. coli ribonuclease P purified can cleave tRNA precursor molecules, an essential step in tRNA maturation (Guerrier-Takada et al. (biophysics.org)
  • DNA and RNA are negatively charged molecules due to their phosphate backbone, and they naturally travel toward the positive electrode at the far end of the gel. (measurebiology.org)
  • The conjugation of small molecules that interact with nucleic acids through intercalation, edge and groove binding has been shown to improve the strength and specificity of oligonucleotide hybridisation, whilst the conjugation of compounds that chemically react with nucleic acids has been used to invoke cross-linking and cleavage reactions at oligonucleotide target sites. (port.ac.uk)
Subunit1
  • Altman, S. The RNA moiety of ribonuclease P is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. (biophysics.org)
Synthesis14
  • At high concentrations of mitomycin, cellular RNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed. (medscape.com)
  • At high concentrations of the drug, cellular RNA and protein synthesis are also suppressed. (medscape.com)
  • This inhibits the formation of thymidylate and purines and arrests DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Vinca alkaloids act on the M and S phases of mitosis, inhibiting microtubule formation and inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Anthracyclines inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis by steric obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Several mechanisms of action have been proposed, including inhibition of thymidylate synthase and inhibition of RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • This inhibits the formation of thymidylate and purines and arrests DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.Common toxicities include mucositis and myelosuppression. (medscape.com)
  • Structure-Activity Relationships in Nonenzymatic Template-Directed RNA Synthesis. (harvard.edu)
  • The Emergence of RNA from the Heterogeneous Products of Prebiotic Nucleotide Synthesis. (harvard.edu)
  • Characterization of the Cell Cycle, Rate of DNA Synthesis, Rate of RNA Synthesis and Ceil Motility at the MBT (A) Length and synchrony of the cell cycle during early embryogenesis was measured from time-lapse videotapes of dividing dissociated blastomeres made during the first 10 hr after fertilization. (xenbase.org)
  • B) Onset of cell motility and RNA synthesis at the MBT. (xenbase.org)
  • The rate of RNA synthesis as a function of cleavage stage was quantitated by counting the number of 3H-dependent grains per nucleus. (xenbase.org)
  • open circle) RNA synthesis: (solid circle) cell motility. (xenbase.org)
  • 1990s the frequency of outbreaks of dengue the replicative form (RF), which is the fever have escalated, mirroring the situation recycling template for the synthesis of new in the neighbouring regions and elsewhere plus strand RNA. (who.int)
Genes3
  • By microinjection of antisense sequences into in vitro fertilized oocytes and subsequent single-cell RNA-seq of embryos, we identified a specific functional tsRNA group (termed here Gln-TTGs) that participate in the early cleavage of porcine preimplantation embryos, probably by regulating cell cycle-associated genes and retrotransposons. (elsevier.com)
  • LOCUS NC_029646 7518 bp RNA linear VRL 23-NOV-2018 DEFINITION Norovirus GII nonstructural polyprotein (ORF1), VP1 (ORF2), and VP2 (ORF3) genes, complete cds. (cdc.gov)
  • Three primer sets of RT-LAMP and guide RNAs (gRNAs) that could lead Cas12a to recognize target genes via base pairing were used to perform the high-fidelity RT-LAMP to detect the N, E, and S genes of SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
Polymerases1
  • RNA polymerases read the codes from specific areas of the DNA and transcribe the information into a mRNA copy of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
Viral2
  • For the more distantly related aphthovirus genus (e.g. foot-and-mouth disease viruses and equine rhinitis A virus) acidification of endosomes results in the disassembly of the virion into pentamers and in the release of the viral RNA into the lumen of the endosome, but no details have been elucidated as how the RNA crosses the vesicle membrane. (harvard.edu)
  • NS5A is integral for HCV RNA viral replication. (medscape.com)
Gene6
  • Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants results from independent activities of diverse small RNA types. (nih.gov)
  • Here, using a combination of gene targeting, chromatin profiling, and single-cell RNA analysis, we examined the role of the murine histone 3 Lys-27 (H3K27) methyltransferases EZH1 (enhancer of zeste 1) and EZH2 in NPC maintenance. (jbc.org)
  • The FIP1L1 gene provides instructions for making part of a protein complex named cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF). (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can selectively silence the expression of a target gene thereby halting or reversing disease progression, rather than slowing it or only treating the symptoms. (cas.org)
  • A mixture of Cas9, mouse SLC guide RNA and a PCR fragment from the SLC gene were digested at 37°C for 1 hour. (wormbook.org)
  • 3028 /gene="ORF1" /locus_tag="NoVGII_gp1" /product="VPg" /note="For Southampton calicivirus, both N-terminal and C-terminal cleavage sites have been confirmed by direct sequencing. (cdc.gov)
Single-stranded4
  • In Australia, small, enveloped, single-stranded (ss) and dengue epidemics have occurred positive polarity RNA viruses. (who.int)
  • but unlike DNA, RNA exists in nature in the form of single-stranded folds rather than paired double strands. (sbsgenetech.com)
  • [2] [3] These enveloped , positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (wikizero.com)
  • The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)
Dicer4
  • Light is shed on the molecular mechanism by which Dicer-2 produces 21-nt siRNAs with a high efficiency and fidelity for efficient RNA silencing and proposes that CdsRBD binds the proximal body region of a long dsRNA substrate whose 5'-monophosphate end is anchored by the phosphate-binding pocket in the PAZ domain. (semanticscholar.org)
  • It is proposed that the 5′-monophosphate of a long dsRNA substrate is anchored by the phosphate-binding pocket in the Dicer-2 PAZ domain and the distance between the pocket and the RNA cleavage active site in the RNaseIII domain corresponds to the 21-nt pitch in the A-form duplex of along ds RNA substrate, resulting in high-fidelity 21-NT siRNA production. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The RNase III enzyme, Dicer, was found to cleave RNAs into ~22 nucleotide products [ 9 - 11 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Unpaired nucleotides on the stem of microRNA precursor are important for precise cleavage by Dicer-like 1 in Arabidopsis. (omu.ac.jp)
Molecule7
  • The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved two siRNA (small interfering RNA) molecule drugs, Onpattro (Patisiran) in 2018 and Givlaari (Givosiran) in 2019, developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. (cas.org)
  • The two researchers are working with a special computer program that allows them to replicate realistic RNA to study the complex functions of this molecule in the human body. (inrs.ca)
  • This cleavage can be used to achieve complete degradation of the RNA molecule or allow for use of the resulting parts in several different ways. (inrs.ca)
  • At pH 7.4 an extra peak of negative electron density appears on the difference map close to one of the Pb(II) binding sites and at the position of phosphate-18, indicating cleavage of the sugar-phosphate-chain between residues D-17 and G-18 of the tRNAPhe molecule in this derivative. (rcsb.org)
  • Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as sequencing experiments confirms the cleavage of the tRNAPhe molecule into one-fourth and three-fourth fragments, with the shorter fragment consisting essentially of residues G-1 through D-17 while the larger fragment contains residues G-18 through A-76. (rcsb.org)
  • Cleavage of the tRNAPhe molecule does not occur in the absence of Pb(II), and the proximity of one of these metal ions to the cleavage site strongly implicates this metal ion in the cleavage reaction. (rcsb.org)
  • Researchers have now learned that a small bacterial RNA molecule called NikS is regulating many of these factors. (labroots.com)
Inhibition1
  • de Felipe P, Luke GA, Brown JD, Ryan MD. Inhibition of 2A-mediated 'cleavage' of certain artificial polyproteins bearing N-terminal signal sequences . (ncl.ac.uk)
Endonuclease1
  • First, we performed a cleavage assay to confirm that it had endonuclease activity. (wormbook.org)
Ribonucleic3
  • The genetic role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is well known-it transfers information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is then transformed into a protein. (inrs.ca)
  • The sequence-specific recognition and cleavage of ribonucleic acids (RNA) represents a fundamental challenge. (chimia.ch)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA), as a key material for genetic information transmission and cell regulation, has been extensively studied in molecular biology. (sbsgenetech.com)
Degradation1
  • The frequency of this germ cell death is dramatically increased by a lack of the RNA helicase CGH-1, orthologs of which are involved in translational control in oocytes and decapping-dependent mRNA degradation in yeast processing (P) bodies. (biologists.com)
MRNA3
  • The CPSF protein complex helps add a string of the RNA building block adenine to the mRNA, creating a polyadenine tail or poly(A) tail. (medlineplus.gov)
  • AS, selectively removing special sequences of precursor RNA to produce different mature mRNA isoforms, is one of the main mechanisms of RNA polymorphism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Micro (mi) RNAs (miRNAs) are the endogenous non-coding small RNAsthat play significant roles in plant growth and stress resistance by degrading targeted mRNA or repressingmRNA translation. (who.int)
Ribosomal2
  • Since the discovery of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) in the late 1950s, varieties of RNA species have gradually surfaced, which revealed an unsuspected non-coding world. (degruyter.com)
  • Cech, T.R. Self-splicing RNA: Autoexcision and autocyclization of the ribosomal RNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena. (biophysics.org)
Enzyme4
  • The kinetics of RNase H promoted cleavage of the RNA strand in the antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-RNA hybrid duplexes, with the 3′-end of the AON strand tethered with cholic acid ( 2 ), its triacetate ( 3 ), cholesterol ( 4 ) or dipyridophenazine ( 5 ), have been investigated by changing the concentration of both the AON and the RNA strands, while keeping the enzyme and the buffer concentration constant. (rsc.org)
  • The V max values for all 3′-tethered AON-RNA duplexes were ∼30% less efficient, and their K m were also 4-14 times less, than the native counterpart, which means that the 3′-tethered substituent decreases the catalytic activity of RNase H owing to the increased affinity toward the enzyme. (rsc.org)
  • Since the values of V max and K m change in a compensating manner at a fixed enzyme concentration, the V max ∶ K m ratio for all 3′-tethered AONs in the corresponding AON-RNA duplexes showed the unique nature of the 3′-tethered substituent, dictating the 3′-substituent-dependent enzyme affinity of the heteroduplex, in comparison with the native. (rsc.org)
  • The resulting DNA-RNA duplex activates the RNase H enzyme and the activated enzyme cleaves the RNA strand. (justia.com)
Helicase1
  • expressed in middle/late meiosis,IV" YDR525W 1 5 7 YDR525W "Ydr525wp,IV" YDR526C 1 5 8 YDR526C "Ydr526cp,IV" YER187W 1 5 9 YER187W "similar to killer toxin,V" YER188W 1 5 10 YER188W "Yer188wp,V" YER190W 1 5 11 YER190W "Yrf1-2p,V" YFL002C 1 5 12 YFL002C "ATP-dependent RNA helicase,VI" YFL002W-B 1 5 13 YFL002W-B "TyA gag protein. (davidson.edu)
Viruses1
  • Picornaviruses are non-enveloped RNA viruses that enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (harvard.edu)
Genomic3
  • In the case of Cas9, we find frequent off-target sites with a one-base bulge or up to 13 mismatches between the single guide RNA (sgRNA) and its genomic target, which refines sgRNA design. (nature.com)
  • Eukaryotic transcription from different genomic regions and RNA processing produce various ncRNA species. (degruyter.com)
  • 7518 /organism="Norwalk-like virus" /mol_type="genomic RNA" /strain="Hu/Norovirus/hiroshima/1999/JP(9912-02F)" /db_xref="taxon:95340" 5'UTR 1. (cdc.gov)
Precursor1
  • Empty capsids of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A22 Iraq 24/64, whose structure has been solved by X-ray crystallography, are unusual for picornaviruses since they contain VP2 and VP4, the cleavage products of the protein precursor VP0. (ppu.edu)
Specific cleavage1
  • Stereoselective C-C bond forming reactions are studied as well as the sequence specific cleavage of nucleic acids. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Assay1
  • The amount of underestimation by the T7EI assay varies by target and is dependent on the non‑homologous end joining (NHEJ)‑mediated repair events that follow Cas9 cleavage. (idtdna.com)
Molecular3
  • Besides protein-coding RNAs, there are different types of non-coding RNAs that modulate complex molecular and cellular processes. (degruyter.com)
  • Molecular recognition of biopolymers, especially of RNA, is an important topic. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • With the knowledge of the different functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of this small RNA during infection and the associated bacterial signaling pathways, we can gain new targets for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies,' said the senior study author Professor Cynthia Sharma, the Chair for Molecular Infection Biology II at Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg. (labroots.com)
Mechanisms1
  • Consideration of several possible mechanisms for the reaction, taking into account the biochemical and crystallographic facts presented above, suggests that the cleavage involves removal of the proton from the 2'-OH of ribose-17 by a Pb(II)-bound hydroxyl group. (rcsb.org)
Nucleotide1
  • Freeze-thaw cycles enable a prebiotically plausible and continuous pathway from nucleotide activation to nonenzymatic RNA copying. (harvard.edu)
Genomes2
  • Because they lack an envelope, picornaviruses face the challenge of delivering their RNA genomes across the membrane of the endocytic vesicle into the cytoplasm to initiate infection. (harvard.edu)
  • Within the enterovirus genus, poliovirus, rhinovirus 2, and rhinovirus 16 have been proposed to release their genomes across intact endosomal membranes through virally induced pores, whereas one study has proposed that rhinovirus 14 releases its RNA following disruption of endosomal membranes. (harvard.edu)
CRISPR-Cas92
  • If possible, we use the native CRISPR/Cas9 system, which relies on Cas9 protein with both a universal RNA (tracrRNA) and a specific guide RNA (crRNA). (wormbook.org)
  • For both the Alt-R CRISPR-Cas9 System and the Alt-R CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) System, we offer recommended products and sequences for guide RNA positive controls that target HPRT in human, mouse, and rat cells. (idtdna.com)
Pathways1
  • Due to the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a after high-fidelity amplicon recognition, carboxyfluorescein-ssDNA-Black Hole Quencher-1 and carboxyfluorescein-ssDNA-biotin probes were adopted to realize different visualization pathways via a fluorescence or lateral flow analysis, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Transcription2
  • This cleavage occurs within the flexible linker sequence and disconnects the C-terminal domain, required for transcription initiation from most highly active cellular promoters. (elsevier.com)
  • Extracted samples were analyzed for the presence of flavavirus RNA by using a modified pan-flavavirus reverse transcription PCR. (cdc.gov)
Ribozymes3
  • Eventually, the team hopes to obtain ribozymes that communicate when the output of one RNA becomes the input of another. (inrs.ca)
  • Subsequent identification of other ribozymes, including the one from the hepatitis delta virus (Been and Wickham), strengthen the RNA world hypothesis. (biophysics.org)
  • Been, M. D. & Wickham, G. S. Self-cleaving ribozymes of hepatitis delta virus RNA. (biophysics.org)
Duplex2
  • It has been shown that the extent of the cleavage of the target RNA by RNase H in the conjugated AON ( 2-5 )-RNA ( 6 ) hybrid duplexes, at saturation conditions for RNA in the presence of an excess of AON, is higher than in the native 9mer AON ( 1 )-RNA ( 6 ) duplex. (rsc.org)
  • Accordingly, 3′-tethered Dppz AON ( 5 )-RNA duplex has a maximum affinity for RNase H, ∼6-fold more compared to the native 9mer ( 1 ), and ∼2-fold more compared to 3′-tethered cholic acid ( 2 ), its triacetate ( 3 ) or cholesterol ( 4 ) containing AON-RNA duplexes. (rsc.org)
Sequence specific1
  • Restriction enzymes are not only sequence specific but also structure sensitive and may exhibit either enhanced or inhibited cleavage activity. (web.app)
Reaction2
  • The RNA concentration-dependent kinetics of the RNase H promoted cleavage reaction gave values for K m and V max for RNA ( 6 )-AON ( 1-5 ) duplexes. (rsc.org)
  • Chain scission does not occur to any observable extent in the structure at pH 5.0, and we have, therefore, a picture of the reactants (at pH 5.0) and products (at pH 7.4) of this cleavage reaction. (rcsb.org)
MiRNAs1
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNAs critically involved in a wide spectrum of normal and pathological processes of cells or tissues by fine-tuning the signals important for stem cell development, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and transformation. (cdc.gov)
Inactivation1
  • Inactivation of Target RNA Cleavage of a III-B CRISPR-Cas System Induces Robust Autoimmunity in Saccharolobus islandicus . (bvsalud.org)
Cleave1
  • In 1982, Kruger et al demonstrated 'self-splicing RNA' that could cleave and catalyze phosphodiester bonds, without requiring any additional factors (Kruger et al. (biophysics.org)
Epigenetic2
  • tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) from spermatozoa could act as acquired epigenetic factors and contribute to offspring phenotypes. (elsevier.com)
  • Epigenetic loss of m1A RNA demethylase ALKBH3 in Hodgkin lymphoma targets collagen, conferring poor clinical outcome. (nih.gov)
Small3
  • phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNA). (nih.gov)
  • Transcriptomic Profiling of Non-coding Nuclear Small RNAs (EQUIPMENT SUPPORT). (usherbrooke.ca)
  • In comparison with microarray, deep sequencing has several advantages, the major one being its application in comprehensively identifying and profiling small RNA populations that were previously unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Complexes1
  • Metal complexes are among the best synthetic catalysts for the cleavage of RNA. (chimia.ch)
Inhibit1
  • It would be a bit like adding a Post-it note to our paper that will either inhibit or activate cleavage," explained Perreault. (inrs.ca)
Termini1
  • The ordering of these termini in the presence of RNA strengthens interactions within a single protomer and between protomers belonging to different pentamers. (ppu.edu)
Artificial1
  • Québec research team uses artificial intelligence (AI) to study the structure of RNA in the hopes of harnessing its functions. (inrs.ca)
Transcripts1
  • Symons, R.H. Self-cleavage of plus and minus RNA transcripts of avocado sunblotch viroid. (biophysics.org)
Involves1
  • The first step involves cleavage of the 5' exon and the production of a lariat intermediate. (bdbiosciences.com)
Target2
  • Cleavage of the RNA strand destroys the normal function of the target RNA. (justia.com)
  • All CRISPR/CAS systems utilize CRISPR guide RNAs (crRNAs), the design of which depend on the type of CAS protein, genetic target and the environment/matrix. (cdc.gov)
SCOPe 2.07: Domain d2gjwa5: 2gjw A:1-4
SCOPe 2.07: Domain d2gjwa5: 2gjw A:1-4 (scop.berkeley.edu)
Figure 1 - Novel Borna Virus in Psittacine Birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease - Volume 14, Number 12-December 2008 -...
Figure 1 - Novel Borna Virus in Psittacine Birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease - Volume 14, Number 12-December 2008 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Urothelial Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters Medication: Antineoplastics, Antibiotic, Biological Response Modifiers,...
Urothelial Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters Medication: Antineoplastics, Antibiotic, Biological Response Modifiers,... (medscape.com)
Mung Bean Nuclease | NEB
Mung Bean Nuclease | NEB (neb.com)
Whole Chromosome Instability induces senescence and promotes SASP | Scientific Reports
Whole Chromosome Instability induces senescence and promotes SASP | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Killing the Common Cold Virus With a DNAzyme Cleaver
Killing the Common Cold Virus With a DNAzyme Cleaver (medscape.com)
Staff Profile - Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences - Newcastle University
Staff Profile - Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences - Newcastle University (ncl.ac.uk)
Urothelial Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters Medication: Antineoplastics, Antibiotic, Biological Response Modifiers,...
Urothelial Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters Medication: Antineoplastics, Antibiotic, Biological Response Modifiers,... (emedicine.medscape.com)
Professor Nicholas H. Williams | Chemistry | The University of Sheffield
Professor Nicholas H. Williams | Chemistry | The University of Sheffield (sheffield.ac.uk)
Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes (medscape.com)
Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology (medscape.com)
CIPSM - Research Area C
CIPSM - Research Area C (cipsm.de)
The RNase H affinity and cleavage of the target RNA in the antisense-RNA hybrid duplexes containing various 3′-tethered...
The RNase H affinity and cleavage of the target RNA in the antisense-RNA hybrid duplexes containing various 3′-tethered... (pubs.rsc.org)
A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria | Nature
A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria | Nature (nature.com)
Selective neuronal degeneration in MATR3 S85C knock-in mouse model of early-stage ALS | Nature Communications
Selective neuronal degeneration in MATR3 S85C knock-in mouse model of early-stage ALS | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Intergenogroup Recombination in Sapoviruses - Volume 11, Number 12-December 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Intergenogroup Recombination in Sapoviruses - Volume 11, Number 12-December 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets | Nature Cell...
Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets | Nature Cell... (nature.com)
Research - Henry Levin Lab | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Research - Henry Levin Lab | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (nichd.nih.gov)
Structural basis of the non-coding RNA RsmZ acting as a protein sponge | Nature
Structural basis of the non-coding RNA RsmZ acting as a protein sponge | Nature (nature.com)
Valproic Acid and Urothelial Cancer Cells, TSP1 Expression
Valproic Acid and Urothelial Cancer Cells, TSP1 Expression (medscape.com)
Publications | Section on mRNA Regulation & Translation | NIDDK
Publications | Section on mRNA Regulation & Translation | NIDDK (niddk.nih.gov)
Publications | Nicholas R. Guydosh, Ph.D. | NIDDK
Publications | Nicholas R. Guydosh, Ph.D. | NIDDK (niddk.nih.gov)