OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
RNA CapsRNA Cap AnalogsMethyltransferasesGuanosineRNA, ViralRNAS-AdenosylmethionineRNA, Small InterferingMethylationViral Nonstructural ProteinsRNA SplicingRNA EditingRNA, RibosomalMolecular Sequence DataRNA, BacterialDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA, MessengerRNA VirusesRNA InterferenceRNA, Double-StrandedRNA, CatalyticRNA Polymerase IIRNA FoldingRNA, FungalRNA StabilityRNA HelicasesRNA, AntisenseRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, Small NuclearRNA, TransferNucleic Acid ConformationRNA PrecursorsRNA, UntranslatedBase SequenceSequence Analysis, RNARNA, ProtozoanRNA, PlantRNA, NeoplasmRNA Ligase (ATP)DEAD-box RNA HelicasesRNA Polymerase IIIRNA, NuclearRNA, Spliced LeaderRNA Polymerase I
RNA Caps
Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some heterogeneous nuclear RNAs. These structures, which are positively charged, protect the above specified RNAs at their termini against attack by phosphatases and other nucleases and promote mRNA function at the level of initiation of translation. Analogs of the RNA caps (RNA CAP ANALOGS), which lack the positive charge, inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis.
RNA Cap Analogs
Analogs of RNA cap compounds which do not have a positive charge. These compounds inhibit the initiation of translation of both capped and uncapped messenger RNA.
Methyltransferases
A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from one compound to another. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.1.1.
Guanosine
A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
S-Adenosylmethionine
Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Methylation
Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.
RNA Splicing
The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
RNA, Ribosomal
The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
RNA Viruses
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
RNA Polymerase II
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA Folding
The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.
RNA, Fungal
Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA Stability
The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.
RNA Helicases
A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.
RNA, Antisense
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.
RNA, Small Nuclear
Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
Nucleic Acid Conformation
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
RNA Precursors
RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.
RNA, Untranslated
RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Sequence Analysis, RNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.
RNA, Protozoan
Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA, Plant
Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA, Neoplasm
RNA present in neoplastic tissue.
RNA Ligase (ATP)
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 6.5.1.3.
DEAD-box RNA Helicases
A large family of RNA helicases that share a common protein motif with the single letter amino acid sequence D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp). In addition to RNA helicase activity, members of the DEAD-box family participate in other aspects of RNA metabolism and regulation of RNA function.
RNA Polymerase III
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA, Nuclear
RNA molecules found in the nucleus either associated with chromosomes or in the nucleoplasm.
RNA, Spliced Leader
The small RNAs which provide spliced leader sequences, SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4 and SL5 (short sequences which are joined to the 5' ends of pre-mRNAs by TRANS-SPLICING). They are found primarily in primitive eukaryotes (protozoans and nematodes).
RNA Polymerase I
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. The enzyme functions in the nucleolar structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salts than RNA polymerase II and III and is not inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.

Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo. (1/1294)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds to the mRNA 5' cap and brings the mRNA into a complex with other protein synthesis initiation factors and ribosomes. The activity of mammalian eIF4E is important for the translation of capped mRNAs and is thought to be regulated by two mechanisms. First, eIF4E is sequestered by binding proteins, such as 4EBP1, in quiescent cells. Mitogens induce the release of eIF4E by stimulating the phosphorylation of 4EBP1. Second, mitogens and stresses induce the phosphorylation of eIF4E at Ser 209, increasing the affinity of eIF4E for capped mRNA and for an associated scaffolding protein, eIF4G. We previously showed that a mitogen- and stress-activated kinase, Mnk1, phosphorylates eIF4E in vitro at the physiological site. Here we show that Mnk1 regulates eIF4E phosphorylation in vivo. Mnk1 binds directly to eIF4G and copurifies with eIF4G and eIF4E. We identified activating phosphorylation sites in Mnk1 and developed dominant-negative and activated mutants. Expression of dominant-negative Mnk1 reduces mitogen-induced eIF4E phosphorylation, while expression of activated Mnk1 increases basal eIF4E phosphorylation. Activated mutant Mnk1 also induces extensive phosphorylation of eIF4E in cells overexpressing 4EBP1. This suggests that phosphorylation of eIF4E is catalyzed by Mnk1 or a very similar kinase in cells and is independent of other mitogenic signals that release eIF4E from 4EBP1.  (+info)

Oligonucleotide-europium complex conjugate designed to cleave the 5' cap structure of the ICAM-1 transcript potentiates antisense activity in cells. (2/1294)

The 5' cap structure of mRNA is a N7 methylated guanosine residue that is linked by a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage to the 5'-terminus of cellular and viral RNAs synthesized by RNA polymerase II. This unique structure facilitates several processes of mRNA metabolism, including splicing, nucleocytoplasmic transport,initiation of translation, and degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that the lanthanide macrocycle complex, Eu(THED)3+, effectively cleaves the 5' cap structure of mRNA in solution by nucleophilic attack of the triphosphate linkage via the metal-activated hydroxyethyl group of the THED ligand. This report shows that attachment of a Eu(THED)3+analog to the 3'-terminus of an antisense oligonucleotide, which targets the 5'-terminus of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA, potentiates the inhibitory activity of the antisense oligonucleotide in cytokine-treatedendothelial cells.  (+info)

Interaction of the U1 snRNP with nonconserved intronic sequences affects 5' splice site selection. (3/1294)

Intron definition and splice site selection occur at an early stage during assembly of the spliceosome, the complex mediating pre-mRNA splicing. Association of U1 snRNP with the pre-mRNA is required for these early steps. We report here that the yeast U1 snRNP-specific protein Nam8p is a component of the commitment complexes, the first stable complexes assembled on pre-mRNA. In vitro and in vivo, Nam8p becomes indispensable for efficient 5' splice site recognition when this process is impaired as a result of the presence of noncanonical 5' splice sites or the absence of a cap structure. Nam8p stabilizes commitment complexes in the latter conditions. Consistent with this, Nam8p interacts with the pre-mRNA downstream of the 5' splice site, in a region of nonconserved sequence. Substitutions in this region affect splicing efficiency and alternative splice site choice in a Nam8p-dependent manner. Therefore, Nam8p is involved in a novel mechanism by which a snRNP component can affect splice site choice and regulate intron removal through its interaction with a nonconserved sequence. This supports a model where early 5' splice recognition results from a network of interactions established by the splicing machinery with various regions of the pre-mRNA.  (+info)

The cis acting sequences responsible for the differential decay of the unstable MFA2 and stable PGK1 transcripts in yeast include the context of the translational start codon. (4/1294)

A general pathway of mRNA turnover has been described for yeast in which the 3' poly(A) tail is first deadenylated to an oligo(A) length, leading to decapping and subsequent 5'-3' exonucleolytic decay. The unstable MFA2 mRNA and the stable PGK1 mRNAs both decay through this pathway, albeit at different rates of deadenylation and decapping. To determine the regions of the mRNAs that are responsible for these differences, we examined the decay of chimeric mRNAs derived from the 5' untranslated, coding, and 3' untranslated regions of these two mRNAs. These experiments have led to the identification of the features of these mRNAs that lead to their different stabilities. The MFA2 mRNA is unstable solely because its 3' UTR promotes the rates of deadenylation and decapping; all other features of this mRNA are neutral with respect to mRNA decay rates. The PGK1 mRNA is stable because the sequence context of the PGK1 translation start codon and the coding region function together to stabilize the transcript, whereas the PGK13' UTR is neutral with respect to decay. Importantly, changes in the PGK1 start codon context that destabilized the transcript also reduced its translational efficiency. This observation suggests that the nature of the translation initiation complex modulates the rates of mRNA decapping and decay.  (+info)

Analysis of mutations in the yeast mRNA decapping enzyme. (5/1294)

A major mechanism of mRNA decay in yeast is initiated by deadenylation, followed by mRNA decapping, which exposes the transcript to 5' to 3' exonucleolytic degradation. The decapping enzyme that removes the 5' cap structure is encoded by the DCP1 gene. To understand the function of the decapping enzyme, we used alanine scanning mutagenesis to create 31 mutant versions of the enzyme, and we examined the effects of the mutations both in vivo and in vitro. Two types of mutations that affected mRNA decapping in vivo were identified, including a temperature-sensitive allele. First, two mutants produced decapping enzymes that were defective for decapping in vitro, suggesting that these mutated residues are required for enzymatic activity. In contrast, several mutants that moderately affected mRNA decapping in vivo yielded decapping enzymes that had at least the same specific activity as the wild-type enzyme in vitro. Combination of alleles within this group yielded decapping enzymes that showed a strong loss of function in vivo, but that still produced fully active enzymes in vitro. This suggested that interactions of the decapping enzyme with other factors may be required for efficient decapping in vivo, and that these particular mutations may be disrupting such interactions. Interestingly, partial loss of decapping activity in vivo led to a defect in normal deadenylation-dependent decapping, but it did not affect the rapid deadenylation-independent decapping triggered by early nonsense codons. This observation suggested that these two types of mRNA decapping differ in their requirements for the decapping enzyme.  (+info)

Identification of a nucleic acid binding domain in eukaryotic initiation factor eIFiso4G from wheat. (6/1294)

Higher plants have two complexes that bind the m7G-cap structure of mRNA and mediate interactions between mRNA and ribosomal subunits, designated eIF4F and eIFiso4F. Both complexes contain a small subunit that binds the 5'-cap structure of mRNA, and a large subunit, eIF4G or eIFiso4G, that binds other translation factors and RNA. Sequence-specific proteases were used to cleave native cap-binding complexes into structural domains, which were purified by affinity chromatography. We show here that eIFiso4G contains a central protease-resistant domain that binds specifically to nucleic acids. This domain spans Gln170 to Glu443 and includes four of the six homology blocks shared by eIFiso4G and eIF4G. A slightly shorter overlapping sequence, from Gly202 to Lys445, had no nucleic acid binding activity, indicating that the N-terminal end of the nucleic acid binding site lies within Gln170 to Arg201. The binding of the central domain and native eIFiso4F to RNA homopolymers and double- and single-stranded DNAs was studied. Both molecules had highest affinity for poly(G) and recognized single- and double-stranded sequences.  (+info)

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA 5'-triphosphatase related to mRNA capping enzyme. (7/1294)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA capping enzyme consists of two subunits: the RNA 5'-triphosphatase (Cet1) and the mRNA guanylyltransferase (Ceg1). Using computer homology searching, a S. cerevisiae gene was identified that encodes a protein resembling the C-terminal region of Cet1. Accordingly, we designated this gene CTL1 (capping enzyme RNAtriphosphatase-like 1). CTL1 is not essential for cell viability and no genetic or physical interactions with the capping enzyme genes were observed. The protein is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recombinant Ctl1 protein releases gamma-phosphate from the 5'-end of RNA to produce a diphosphate terminus. The enzyme is specific for polynucleotide RNA in the presence of magnesium, but becomes specific for nucleotide triphosphates in the presence of manganese. Ctl1 is the second member of the yeast RNA triphosphatase family, but is probably involved in an RNA processing event other than mRNA capping.  (+info)

Alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs serve as cap donors for tomato spotted wilt virus transcription during coinfection of Nicotiana benthamiana. (8/1294)

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was shown to use alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs as cap donors in vivo during a mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. By use of nested reverse transcription-PCR, TSWV N and NSs mRNAs provided with capped leader sequences derived from all four AMV RNAs could be cloned and sequenced. The sequence specificity of the putative TSWV endonuclease involved is discussed.  (+info)

m7G(5)ppp(5)G RNA Cap Structure Analog | NEBm7G(5)ppp(5)G RNA Cap Structure Analog | NEB
The 5´terminal m7G cap present on most eukaryotic mRNAs promotes translation in vitro at the initiation level. For most RNAs, elimination of the cap structure causes a loss of stability, especially against exonuclease degradation, and a decrease in the formation of the initiation complex of mRNAs for protein synthesis. Certain prokaryotic mRNAs containing a 5´ terminal cap structure are translated as efficiently as or more efficiently than eukaryotic mRNAs in a eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesizing system. Also a cap requirement has been observed for splicing eukaryotic substrate RNAs. A method for efficient in vitro synthesis of capped RNA using E. coli RNA polymerase primed with m7G(5´ )ppp(5´ )G or m7G(5´ )ppp(5´ )A has been developed by Contreas et al.
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Adaptation to mTOR kinase inhibitors by amplification of eIF4E to maintain cap-dependent translation | Journal of Cell ScienceAdaptation to mTOR kinase inhibitors by amplification of eIF4E to maintain cap-dependent translation | Journal of Cell Science
When faced with the selection pressure of chronic mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition by AZD8055, SW620 cells remodelled mTOR signalling to allow them to continue to proliferate. We anticipated that this adaptation might involve a switch from cap-dependent to IRES-dependent translation because: (1) compensatory IRES-dependent translation is seen upon inhibition of cap-dependent translation (supplementary material Fig. S2) (Svitkin et al., 2005); (2) this was observed upon acute AZD8055 treatment (Fig. 1D); and (3) some oncogenes are translated by IRES-dependent mechanisms (Stoneley and Willis, 2004). However, IRES-dependent translation was not upregulated in SW620:8055R cells. Rather the cells adapted to chronic mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition by amplifying eIF4E (Fig. 4) to increase eIF4E protein levels, thereby maintaining or even increasing cap-dependent translation (Fig. 5). RNAi to eIF4E revealed that SW620:8055R cells remained addicted to the increased expression of eIF4E to maintain AZD8055 ...
https://jcs.biologists.org/content/127/4/788
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Chapt. 15 Eukaryotic mRNA Processing II: Capping and Polyadenylation Student learning outcomes: Explain structure and function...Chapt. 15 Eukaryotic mRNA Processing II: Capping and Polyadenylation Student learning outcomes: Explain structure and function...
15-3 Cap Structure Purified cap by DEAE chromatography; digested with enzymes to figure structure  -phosphate of NTP remains only in first nucleotide in RNA -Cap is 5-terminus of RNA -Cap is m 7 G, 7- methylguanosine, -Linkage is triphosphate -Charge on cap area is ~ -5 Fig. 1 vaccinia virus 3H methyl from S-AdoMet; 32P-GTP label RNA); KOH to digest RNA Fig. 2 shows me7-G
http://slideplayer.com/slide/3325740/
Protein Synthesis Initiation in Eukaryotes: IRES‐mediated Internal InitiationProtein Synthesis Initiation in Eukaryotes: IRES‐mediated Internal Initiation
The major mechanism of translation initiation ineukaryotes involves recognition of the cap structure at the 5′ end of the mRNA by the cap‐binding protein eIF4E
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000544.html
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RNA cap 4 binding QuickView - Correlation Engine
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2-O-methyladenosine-p-2-O-me…
http://www.nextbio.com/b/search/ov/RNA%20cap%204%20binding?id=30765&type=biogroup
3´-0-Me-m7G(5)ppp(5)G RNA Cap Structure Analog | NEB3´-0-Me-m7G(5)ppp(5)G RNA Cap Structure Analog | NEB
Blocking of the 3´ -hydroxyl of m7G with 3´-0-Me assures that the capped transcripts are homogeneous. The 3´ - hydroxyl of the non-methylated G is the only 3´ - hydroxyl available for initiation.
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CAP 15 - CAP 4 - Part 4 - Tertiary Ability Discussion | Page 2 | Smogon ForumsCAP 15 - CAP 4 - Part 4 - Tertiary Ability Discussion | Page 2 | Smogon Forums
I agree that we have covered the bases in terms of abilities. We have 2 useful and complementary abilities already; any more, and this CAP will become too...
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CAP 16 - CAP 5 - Part 4 - Primary Ability Discussion | Page 2 | Smogon ForumsCAP 16 - CAP 5 - Part 4 - Primary Ability Discussion | Page 2 | Smogon Forums
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Category:Limits Inferior of Set Sequences - ProofWikiCategory:Limits Inferior of Set Sequences - ProofWiki
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Modomics - A Database of RNA Modifications
RNA (guanine-7-)methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for methylating the 5 cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA, was isolated from extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast enzyme catalyzed methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the guanosine base of capped, unmethylated poly(A). Cap methylation was stimulated by low concentrations of salt and was inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a presumptive product of the reaction, but not by S-adenosyl-D-homocysteine. The methyltransferase sedimented in a glycerol gradient as a single discrete component of 3.2S. A likely candidate for the gene encoding yeast cap methyltransferase was singled out on phylogenetic grounds. The ABD1 gene, located on yeast chromosome II, encodes a 436-amino-acid (50-kDa) polypeptide that displays regional similarity to the catalytic domain of the vaccinia virus cap methyltransferase. That the ABD1 gene product is indeed RNA (guanine-7-)methyltransferase was established by expressing the ABD1 protein ...
http://modomics.genesilico.pl/papers/185/
Eukarys C3P3 expression system - EukarysEukarys C3P3 expression system - Eukarys
Previously, the in vitro production of mRNA was limited in yield and translational activity by the co-transcriptional capping method using cap analog.The presence of dinucleotide cap analog in the transcription reaction mix greatly decreases the mRNA yields and inhibits translation when non-incorporated dinucleotide analogs are not carefully removed. Instead of using a costly and inefficiently incorporated nucleotide cap analog, the C3P3® mRNA Production System uses a virus-derived capping enzyme physically coupled to the RNA polymerase to add the cap at high efficiency capping - versus 80% for other systems using standard m7GpppG cap analog or anti-reverse cap analog (ARCA) and 100% proper cap orientation. The standard cap analog (m7GpppG) used in co-transcriptional reactions can be incorporated in the reverse orientation (33-50% of the time) which is not translated in the cell, thereby decreasing the amount of protein produced per microgram of transfected mRNA.. Simultaneously, the capped ...
http://eukarys.com
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The role of 5 -leader length, secondary structure and PABP concentration on cap and poly(A) tail function during translation...The role of 5 -leader length, secondary structure and PABP concentration on cap and poly(A) tail function during translation...
The 5-cap structure and poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs function synergistically to promote translation initiation through a physical interaction between the proteins that bind to these regulatory elements, In this study, we have examined the effect of leader length and the presence of secondary structure on the translational competence and the function of the cap and poly(A) tail for mRNAs microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, Increasing the length of the 5-leader from 17 to 144 nt resulted in a 2- to 4-fold increase in expression from an mRNA containing an unstructured leader but increased expression up to 20-fold for an mRNA containing 5-proximal structure. Consequently, the presence of secondary structure was less inhibitory for those mRNAs with a longer 5-leader. Go-injection of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) mRNA increased the function of the cap and poly(A) tail in promoting translation from poly(A)(+) but not poly(A)(-) mRNAs, particularly for mRNAs containing secondary structure. In ...
https://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/18654/
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A common structural feature of all cellular eukaryotic mRNAs (except for organelle mRNAs) analyzed to date is the presence of a 5′-terminal m7GpppN (where N is any nucleotide) structure, termed the cap (140). This structure is added early during RNA polymerase II-driven transcription and is required for several steps of mRNA biogenesis. Consistent with the diverse roles of the cap during gene expression, a number of cap binding proteins have been identified in the cytoplasm and nucleus (54, 140). The first-described, and best-characterized of these, is eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E), a 24-kDa polypeptide that has been cloned and characterized from a number of species. This protein shows strong binding specificity for methylated, cap structures of eukaryotic mRNAs (54).. We have developed an affinity chromatography procedure, called CAPture, that allows for the purification of mRNA via the cap structure (44). Previous to this, several laboratories had used antibodies directed against ...
http://physiolgenomics.physiology.org/content/6/2/57
Novel Cytoplasmic Cap Binding Proteins in Yeast | Springer for Research & DevelopmentNovel Cytoplasmic Cap Binding Proteins in Yeast | Springer for Research & Development
The 5′ terminal cap structure, m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide), is a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic mRNAs that plays an important role in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In the cytoplasm the cap...
https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-84921-3_38
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EC 3.6.1.59 Accepted name: 5-(N7-methyl 5-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase. Reaction: a 5-(N7-methyl 5-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] + H2O = N7-methylguanosine 5-phosphate + a 5-diphospho-[mRNA]. Other name(s): DcpS; m7GpppX pyrophosphatase; m7GpppN m7GMP phosphohydrolase; m7GpppX diphosphatase; m7G5ppp5N m7GMP phosphohydrolase. Systematic name: 5-(N7-methyl 5-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] N7-methylguanosine 5-phosphate phosphohydrolase. Comments: The enzyme removes (decaps) the N7-methylguanosine 5-phosphate cap from an mRNA degraded to a maximal length of 10 nucleotides [3,6]. Decapping is an important process in the control of eukaryotic mRNA degradation. The enzyme functions to clear the cell of cap structure following decay of the RNA body [2]. The nematode enzyme can also decap triply methylated substrates, 5-(N2,N2,N7-trimethyl 5-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] [4].. Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, CAS registry number: References:. 1. Malys, N. and ...
http://www.sbcs.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/0601p.html
Ribo m7G Cap AnalogRibo m7G Cap Analog
This methylated ribonucleotide can be incorporated onto the 5´-end of in vitro transcripts and simulates the cap structure found on most eukaryotic mRNA molecules.
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statistics - Given that the system works, compute the probability that component is working. - Mathematics Stack Exchangestatistics - Given that the system works, compute the probability that component is working. - Mathematics Stack Exchange
Because component failures are independent: $$\begin{align}\mathsf P(B\mid A\cap (B\cup C)\cap D) ~=~& \dfrac{\mathsf P(B\cap A\cap (B\cup C)\cap D)}{\mathsf P(A\cap(B\cup C)\cap D)} \\=~& \dfrac{\mathsf P(A\cap B\cap D)}{\mathsf P(A\cap(B\cup C)\cap D)} \\=~& \dfrac{\mathsf P(A)~\mathsf P( B)~\mathsf P( D)}{\mathsf P(A)~\mathsf P(B\cup C)~\mathsf P(D)} \\=~& \dfrac{\mathsf P(B)}{\mathsf P(B\cup C)} &\bbox[ghostwhite]{\color{ghostwhite}{=~\dfrac{\mathsf P(B)}{\mathsf P(B)+\mathsf P(C)-\mathsf P(B)~\mathsf P(C)}}}\\=~&\dfrac{\mathsf P(B\cap(B\cup C))}{\mathsf P(B\cup C)} \\[2ex]\therefore \mathsf P(B\mid A\cap (B\cup C)\cap D) ~=~& \mathsf P(B\mid B\cup C)\end{align}$$. ...
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1927234/given-that-the-system-works-compute-the-probability-that-component-is-working
Repression of oncogenic cap-mediated translation by 4Ei-10 diminishes proliferation, enhances chemosensitivity and alters...Repression of oncogenic cap-mediated translation by 4Ei-10 diminishes proliferation, enhances chemosensitivity and alters...
Activated cap-dependent translation promotes cancer by stimulating translation of mRNAs encoding malignancy-promoting proteins. The nucleoside monophosphat
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00280-020-04029-9
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Safety, Sample Integrity and Throughput With Semi-Automated Sample Tube DecappingSafety, Sample Integrity and Throughput With Semi-Automated Sample Tube Decapping
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For example, in 32-bit application context clearing bit #26 at run-time disables high-performance SSE2 code present in the crypto library, while clearing bit #24 disables SSE2 code operating on 128-bit XMM register bank. You might have to do the latter if target OpenSSL application is executed on SSE2 capable CPU, but under control of OS that does not enable XMM registers. Historically address of the capability vector copy was exposed to application through OPENSSL_ia32cap_loc(), but not anymore. Now the only way to affect the capability detection is to set OPENSSL_ia32cap environment variable prior target application start. To give a specific example, on Intel P4 processor env OPENSSL_ia32cap=0x16980010 apps/openssl, or better yet env OPENSSL_ia32cap=~0x1000000 apps/openssl would achieve the desired effect. Alternatively you can reconfigure the toolkit with no-sse2 option and recompile.. Less intuitive is clearing bit #28, or ~0x10000000 in the environment variable terms. The truth is ...
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.0/man3/OPENSSL_ia32cap.html
troubles with capstroubles with caps
One more question along these lines, actually: does caps_sys_wait() :block the entire process or just the current pthread? : :-Chris Actually theres an issue there. The CAPS id is associated with a thread so only the pthread that opened the CAPS connection has access to it. In anycase, caps_sys_wait() will only block the pthread because our pthreads implementation is rfork based. -Matt Matthew Dillon ,dillon at xxxxxxxxxxxxx ...
https://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/bugs/2004-April/315283.html
Patent US20080274514 - Penetrable cap having spaced-apart grooves - Google PatentsPatent US20080274514 - Penetrable cap having spaced-apart grooves - Google Patents
A cap having a plurality of spaced-apart grooves in a downwardly tapered inner wall of the cap to facilitate the formation of air passageways as the cap is penetrated by a pipette tip. The air passageways aid in venting air from a fluid-holding vessel closed with the cap.
http://www.google.com/patents/US20080274514?dq=7,134,016
BNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) Sector Allocation | BNP Paribas Mutual Fund | BNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) InvestmentBNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) Sector Allocation | BNP Paribas Mutual Fund | BNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) Investment
BNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) - Explore BNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) for information, and updates on latest NAV, performance, dividends, portfolio holdings. You can also invest in BNP Paribas Mid Cap Fund (G) at Moneycontrol.com.
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Pcr 8-well Tube Strips And Caps, Tube Strips Without Caps - Model 82006-556
VWR PCR 8-Well Tube Strips and Caps, Tube Strips without Caps - Model 82006-556 : Ideal for all PCR protocols, these 0.2mL tubes and caps are made fr
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Pot Limit Omaha CAP 4 Tables Dlperrio 9 Part 3Pot Limit Omaha CAP 4 Tables Dlperrio 9 Part 3
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Kramer PT-571HDCP Transmitter - Thomann UKKramer PT-571HDCP Transmitter - Thomann UK
Twisted Pair Transmitter for DVI Signals Converts a DVI signal into a twisted pair signal, Maximum data rate - 1.65 Gbps, HDTV compatible (HDCP compliant), Suitable accessories: PT-572HDCP converts the incoming twisted...
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Migrena, o durere de cap ciudată | Revista FlacaraMigrena, o durere de cap ciudată | Revista Flacara
Toţi avem uneori dureri de cap, nu toţi suferim de migrenă. Şi totuşi, migrena înseamnă să te doară capul, dar un pic altfel. La migrene durerea se resimte de la tâmple până la ceafă, cuprinzând de obicei jumătate de cap, şi durează între 4 şi 72 de ore. Migrena este o durere repetitivă, care revine după una-două săptămâni, dar în cazurile severe se ajunge şi la dureri de cap zilnice. Migrena afectează atât bărbaţii cât şi femeile, dar cu precădere femeile, adică 75% dintre cazuri.. Cauzele migrenei nu sunt foarte cunoscute în lumea medicală, componentele genetice (o istorie în familie a migrenei; au suferit de migrene tatăl, mama, bunicii, fraţi, surori) şi ambientală par a avea un rol hotărâtor. Dintre factorii extragenetici care duc la apariţia migrenelor putem enumera: stresul - depresia, anxietatea, şocul, excitarea, furia; alimentaţia - ciocolata, berea neagră, vinul roşu, prăjelile; anumite modificări hormonale - perioada menstruală, ...
http://revistaflacara.ro/migrena-o-durere-de-cap-ciudata/?replytocom=223191
Patent US6370206 - Adaptive cap receiver and method for controlling a cap receiver - Google PatentsPatent US6370206 - Adaptive cap receiver and method for controlling a cap receiver - Google Patents
An adaptive CAP filter includes a clock-controlled A/D converter for converting an input signal, a digital level-control circuit, an adaptive controlled reception filtering system with two parallel filters and a downstream decision maker for outputting reconstructed signal coordinates. The digital level-control circuit and the adaptive reception filtering system are decoupled by virtue of the fact that either an adjustment of the digital level-control circuit or a coefficient adjustment of the adaptive reception filtering system is active. A method for controlling a cap receiver is also provided.
http://www.google.ca/patents/US6370206
SMT Film Caps: Flim Caps - Success or Failure???SMT Film Caps: Flim Caps - Success or Failure???
SMT Film Caps: Flim Caps - Success or Failure??? printed circuit board assembly, surface mount technology and electronics manufacturing forum discussions.
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shelby torq thrust center caps - Mustangsandmore Forums
You didnt hunt for the owner very long. And yes, they are milled from billet aluminum. Very few of them made, about 3-4 years ago the Caroll Shelby Childrens Foundation in California offered the caps for any donation of $200 or more. Go to members photos and see if this car and caps looks familiar, 6th picture down:. www.mustangsandmore.com/ubb/kcode.html. TransAm Racing is producing a similar cap, but does not have the Cobra logo.. Mike IP: Logged ...
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Which Side of the Car Has the Gas Cap? | ThriftyFunWhich Side of the Car Has the Gas Cap? | ThriftyFun
If you drive different cars or rent one it may be difficult to remember which side the gas cap is on. In some vehicles, the icon on the dash showing a gas pump may have a triangle pointing to cap side of the car. This is a guide about, Which side of the car has the gas cap?.
https://www.thriftyfun.com/Which-Side-of-the-Car-Has-the-Gas-Cap-1.html
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Hawaiki Cable secures funding: Could this be the end of data caps? - NZ HeraldHawaiki Cable secures funding: Could this be the end of data caps? - NZ Herald
Cable firm that wants to connect NZ to US via Hawaii secures funding for the project, which backers claim could make caps on broadband contracts a thing of
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11615041
Rewards cards points cap | WestpacRewards cards points cap | Westpac
With some Westpac credit cards theres no limit to the number of points you can earn, whereas some have a cap on the number you can earn in a month.
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IDFC Large Cap FundIDFC Large Cap Fund
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Sundaram Select Micro Cap Series V Direct Growth - Latest NAV[23.90], MF Performance & Returns 2021 | GrowwSundaram Select Micro Cap Series V Direct Growth - Latest NAV[23.90], MF Performance & Returns 2021 | Groww
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Large UFO Carb Cap - Smokin IdeasLarge UFO Carb Cap - Smokin Ideas
Large UFO Carb Cap - A must have item for any dabber. This bubble carb cap will help keep that dab going for as long as possible.
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NOW B-100 Caps, 250 capsNOW B-100 Caps, 250 caps
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Cervical Cap: Side Effects, Risks and EffectivenessCervical Cap: Side Effects, Risks and Effectiveness
The cervical cap is not a method of birth control that is widely used.This article covers the side effects, risks and effectiveness of cervical caps.
http://americanpregnancy.org/preventing-pregnancy/cervical-cap/
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CLA 100 caps by Pronutrition Nutrishop.ro vinde din stocul propriu cu livrare in toata tara CLA 100 caps by Pronutrition la cel mai bun pret de pe piata. Vezi oferta
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Heren print ster gebreide mutsen warme verstelbare pluche voering motorkap Cap Uitverkoop - Banggood Nederlands sold out...Heren print ster gebreide mutsen warme verstelbare pluche voering motorkap Cap Uitverkoop - Banggood Nederlands sold out...
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Five-prime capFive-prime cap
Nuclear export of RNA is regulated by the cap binding complex (CBC), which binds exclusively to 7-methylguanylate-capped RNA. ... "ab initio capping mechanism". For capping with 7-methylguanylate, the capping enzyme complex (CEC) binds to RNA polymerase II ... The 5′ cap is chemically similar to the 3′ end of an RNA molecule (the 5′ carbon of the cap ribose is bonded, and the 3′ ... Mitochondrial mRNA and chloroplastic mRNA are not capped. In eukaryotes, the 5′ cap (cap-0), found on the 5′ end of an mRNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-prime_cap
Ap4AAp4A
It serves as a substrate for the RNA polymerase and the intracellular levels of these capped RNAs increase upon stress, ... Ap4A can also be incorporated into RNA as a 5' Cap along with other dinucleoside polyphosphates. ... suggesting that the cap adds a level of stability to the RNA. Myxococcus xanthus is a type of Gram-negative bacteria, and M. ... RNA caps in bacteria". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 1052. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.1052H. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14896-8. ISSN ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap4A
Cap-independent translation elementCap-independent translation element
In molecular biology, a cap-independent translation element (CITE or 3'CITE) is an RNA sequence found in the 3'UTR of many RNA ... In RNA2 of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) the cap-independent translation element is required for negative strand RNA ... Nicholson, BL; White, KA (Nov 2011). "3' Cap-independent translation enhancers of positive-strand RNA plant viruses". Current ... An, M; Iwakawa, HO; Mine, A; Kaido, M; Mise, K; Okuno, T (Sep 15, 2010). "A Y-shaped RNA structure in the 3' untranslated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-independent_translation_element
Plant virusPlant virus
The resulting capped leader RNA is used to prime transcription on the viral genome. However some plant viruses do not use cap, ... 2006). "Cap-independent translation of plant viral RNAs". Virus Research. 119 (1): 63-75. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.010. ... Some viruses are cap-snatchers. During this process, a 7mG-capped host mRNA is recruited by the viral transcriptase complex and ... Instead, the naked viral RNA may alter the function of the cells through a mechanism similar to RNA interference, in which the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_virus
RNGTTRNGTT
2001). "HIV-1 Tat protein interacts with mammalian capping enzyme and stimulates capping of TAR RNA". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (16): ... Pillutla RC, Yue Z, Maldonado E, Shatkin AJ (1998). "Recombinant human mRNA cap methyltransferase binds capping enzyme/RNA ... 2004). "The Tat/TAR-dependent phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain stimulates cotranscriptional capping of ... Pillutla RC, Shimamoto A, Furuichi Y, Shatkin AJ (Jan 1999). "Human mRNA capping enzyme (RNGTT) and cap methyltransferase (RNMT ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNGTT
Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2
... essential motifs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA capping enzyme are conserved in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and viral capping ... Hz2V093 is similar to HzNV-1 ORF65, and it may play a role in RNA capping while not being essential for virus replication. ... Wu X, Guarino LA (March 2003). "Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus orf69 encodes an RNA cap (nucleoside-2'-O)- ... Hz2V063 shows homology to the N-terminal region of the nudivirus and baculovirus LEF-9. It may, then, have a part in RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicoverpa_zea_nudivirus_2
Richard H. EbrightRichard H. Ebright
Heyduk, T.; Lee, J.; Ebright, Y.; Blatter, E.; Zhou, Y.; Ebright, R. H. (1993). "CAP interacts with RNA polymerase in solution ... "Structural organization of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme and the RNA polymerase-promoter open complex". Cell. 108 (5): ... Kapanidis, A. N.; Margeat, E.; Ho, S. O.; Kortkhonjia, E.; Weiss, S.; Ebright, R. H. (2006). "Initial transcription by RNA ... Revyakin, A.; Liu, C.; Ebright, R. H.; Strick, T. (2006). "Abortive initiation and productive initiation by RNA polymerase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H._Ebright
PhenuiviridaePhenuiviridae
RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at ... Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. Some ... Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes ... "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenuiviridae
Polynucleotide 5-phosphatasePolynucleotide 5'-phosphatase
Wen Y, Yue Z, Shatkin AJ (October 1998). "Mammalian capping enzyme binds RNA and uses protein tyrosine phosphatase mechanism". ... Transcription (genetics) Five-prime cap Gross CH, Shuman S (September 1998). "Characterization of a baculovirus-encoded RNA 5′- ... terminal γ-β phosphoanhydride bond of nascent messenger RNA molecules, enabling the addition of a five-prime cap as part of ... Bisaillon M, Bougie I (September 2003). "Investigating the role of metal ions in the catalytic mechanism of the yeast RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynucleotide_5'-phosphatase
Victoria CowlingVictoria Cowling
... "mRNA Cap Methyltransferase, RNMT-RAM, Promotes RNA Pol II-Dependent Transcription". Cell Reports. 23 (5): 1530-1542. doi: ... In 2017, Cowling was awarded an ERC consolidator grant to investigate mRNA cap regulation and function in CD8 T cells. In 2018 ... Cowling, Victoria H.; Cole, Michael D. (15 April 2007). "HATs Off to Capping: A New Mechanism for Myc". Cell Cycle. 6 (8): 907- ... Cowling, Victoria H. (15 January 2010). "Regulation of mRNA cap methylation". Biochemical Journal. 425 (2): 295-302. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cowling
Five prime untranslated regionFive prime untranslated region
RNA. 14 (10): 2159-69. doi:10.1261/rna.1089208. PMC 2553737. PMID 18755843. Akulich, Kseniya A.; Andreev, Dmitry E.; Terenin, ... This has been observed in Xenopus laevis, in which eIF4E bound to the 5′ cap interacts with Maskin bound to CPEB on the 3′ UTR ... RNA. 12 (5): 851-61. doi:10.1261/rna.2309906. PMC 1440912. PMID 16540693. Benelli, D; Londei, P (January 2011). "Translation ... RNA-binding proteins sometimes serve to prevent the pre-initiation complex from forming. An example is regulation of the msl2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_prime_untranslated_region
MTORC1MTORC1
Babendure JR, Babendure JL, Ding JH, Tsien RY (May 2006). "Control of mammalian translation by mRNA structure near caps". RNA. ... Once the initiation complex is assembled at the 5' cap of mRNA, it will recruit the 40S small ribosomal subunit that is now ... doi:10.1261/rna.2309906. PMC 1440912. PMID 16540693. Lee T, Pelletier J (January 2012). "Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F: a ... cap of mRNA and will recruit the helicase eukaryotic translation initiation factor A (eIF4A) and its cofactor eukaryotic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTORC1
MRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferaseMRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
Pillutla RC, Yue Z, Maldonado E, Shatkin AJ (Sep 1998). "Recombinant human mRNA cap methyltransferase binds capping enzyme/RNA ... Purification and characterization of cap I and cap II RNA (nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferases from HeLa cells". J. Biol. Chem. ... Groner Y, Gilboa E, Aviv H (1978). "Methylation and capping of RNA polymerase II primary transcripts by HeLa nuclear ... Wen Y, Shatkin AJ (2001). "Cap methyltransferase selective binding and methylation of GpppG-RNA are stimulated by importin-α". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_(guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
Cell nucleusCell nucleus
The three main modifications are 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing. While in the nucleus, pre-mRNA is associated ... In the case of genes encoding proteins, that RNA produced from this process is messenger RNA (mRNA), which then needs to be ... Matera AG, Terns RM, Terns MP (March 2007). "Non-coding RNAs: lessons from the small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs". Review ... CBs are involved in a number of different roles relating to RNA processing, specifically small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus
ORF1abORF1ab
... capped RNA by cap-dependent translation. Nidoviruses have a complex system of discontinuous subgenomic RNA production to enable ... Posthuma CC, Te Velthuis AJ, Snijder EJ (April 2017). "Nidovirus RNA polymerases: Complex enzymes handling exceptional RNA ... replication of very large RNA genomes despite the relatively low-fidelity replication mechanism of the viral RNA-dependent RNA ... RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a zinc-binding domain, and a helicase. (This is sometimes considered seven domains, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORF1ab
FANTOMFANTOM
Following cap trapping, the cDNA is separated from the RNA-cDNA hybrid. A double-stranded CAGE linker that is also biotinylated ... The non-coding RNA were identified as antisense RNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), poorly understood classes of regulatory ... The cap trapper method is then employed to ensure selection of full length cDNA. This entails adding biotin to the 5' cap, and ... Further efforts found a genomically and evolutionary widespread new class of RNAs, called transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FANTOM
Brome mosaic virusBrome mosaic virus
... involved in RNA capping. RNA2 (2.9 kb) encodes the 2a protein (94 kDa), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, responsible for ... BMV has a genome that is divided into three 5' capped RNAs. RNA1 (3.2 kb) encodes a protein called 1a (109 kDa), which contains ... Ahola, T.; Ahlquist, P. (1999). "Putative RNA capping activities encoded by brome mosaic virus: Methylation and covalent ... The sequence similarities of RNA replication genes and strategies for BMV have been shown to extend to a wide range of plant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brome_mosaic_virus
PRPF8PRPF8
RNA. 2 (3): 213-25. PMC 1369364. PMID 8608445. Hinz M, Moore MJ, Bindereif A (Aug 1996). "Domain analysis of human U5 RNA. Cap ... Grainger RJ, Beggs JD (May 2005). "Prp8 protein: at the heart of the spliceosome". RNA. 11 (5): 533-57. doi:10.1261/rna.2220705 ... Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Achsel T, Ahrens K, Brahms H, Teigelkamp S, Lührmann R (Nov 1998). "The human U5-220kD protein (hPrp8) forms a stable RNA-free ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRPF8
Capping enzymeCapping enzyme
When this complex of RNA polymerase II and the capping enzymes is achieved, the capping enzymes are able to add the cap to the ... cap is therefore specific to RNAs synthesized by this polymerase rather than those synthesized by RNA polymerase I or RNA ... A capping enzyme (CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the ... Last, RNA methyltransferase transfers a methyl group to the guanosine cap to yield 7-methylguanosine cap that is attached to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capping_enzyme
MRNA (nucleoside-2-O-)-methyltransferaseMRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
... pppR-RNA, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and m7G(5')pppRm-RNA (mRNA containing a 2'-O-methylpurine cap). ... Groner Y, Gilboa E, Aviv H (1978). "Methylation and capping of RNA polymerase II primary transcripts by HeLa nuclear ... pppRm-RNA (mRNA containing a 2'-O-methylpurine cap) Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and m7G(5 ... Other names in common use include messenger ribonucleate nucleoside 2'-methyltransferase, and messenger RNA (nucleoside-2'-)- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_(nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
MRNA guanylyltransferaseMRNA guanylyltransferase
Other names in common use include mRNA capping enzyme, messenger RNA guanylyltransferase, and Protein 2. As of late 2007, 5 ... Groner Y, Gilboa E, Aviv H (1978). "Methylation and capping of RNA polymerase II primary transcripts by HeLa nuclear ... Itoh N, Yamada H, Kaziro Y, Mizumoto K (1987). "Messenger RNA guanylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Large scale ... Martin SA, Moss B (1975). "Modification of RNA by mRNA guanylyltransferase and mRNA (guanine-7-)methyltransferase from vaccinia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_guanylyltransferase
PhycodnaviridaePhycodnaviridae
Ho, C. K.; Van Etten, J. L.; Shuman, S. (1996). "Expression and characterization of an RNA capping enzyme encoded by Chlorella ... The PBCV-1 enzymes are more closely related to yeast enzymes than to poxvirus multifunctional RNA capping enzymes according to ... Ho, C. K.; Gong, C.; Shuman, S. (2001). "RNA Triphosphatase Component of the mRNA Capping Apparatus of Paramecium bursaria ... As PBCV-1 lacks an RNA polymerase gene, the virus must use the host cell's machinery to produce viral RNA. Thus, the viral DNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycodnaviridae
EIF4E2EIF4E2
"Weak binding affinity of human 4EHP for mRNA cap analogs". RNA. 13 (5): 691-697. doi:10.1261/rna.453107. PMC 1852817. PMID ... Okumura F, Zou W, Zhang DE (February 2007). "ISG15 modification of the eIF4E cognate 4EHP enhances cap structure-binding ... May 1998). "Cloning and characterization of 4EHP, a novel mammalian eIF4E-related cap-binding protein". The Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIF4E2
TGS1TGS1
"Interaction between the small-nuclear-RNA cap hypermethylase and the spinal muscular atrophy protein, survival of motor neuron ... Mouaikel J, Verheggen C, Bertrand E, Tazi J, Bordonné R (May 2002). "Hypermethylation of the cap structure of both yeast snRNAs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGS1
Cap binding complexCap binding complex
The 5' cap of eukaryotic messenger RNA is bound at all times by various cap-binding complexes (CBCs). In the nucleus, freshly ... cap by the nuclear cap-binding complex of Cbc1/Cbc2 in yeast or CBP20/CBP80 in metazoans. These aid in the export of the mRNA ... When translationally repressed or marked for decay by various mechanisms the 5' cap is bound by the mRNA decapping enzyme DCP2 ... The decapping enzyme removes the 5' cap leading to destruction of the message. Isken, O.; Maquat, L.E. (2007), "Quality control ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_binding_complex
NidoviralesNidovirales
Member viruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. ... Nidoviruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. The ... TM2 and TM3 and transmembrane domains; RdRp is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; Zm is a Zn-cluster binding domain fused with a ... nidovirus subgenomic RNAs contain a 5′ leader sequence derived from the 5′ end of the genomic RNA. The frameshift that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidovirales
Caenorhabditis elegans small RNAsCaenorhabditis elegans small RNAs
These sRNAs contain a characteristic 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap structure that identifies them as non-coding RNAs that ... Immunoprecipitation using antibodies against TMG and RNA microarrays were used to identify these sRNA. sbRNA SmY RNA Bacillus ... Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, RNA, Non-coding RNA, Nematode nucleic acids). ... "Systematic identification of non-coding RNA 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structures in Caenorhabditis elegans". BMC Molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans_small_RNAs
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD77Small nucleolar RNA SNORD77
"Guide RNAs with 5' caps and novel box C/D snoRNA-like domains for modification of snRNAs in metazoa". Current Biology. 14 (22 ... Page for Small nucleolar RNA SNORD77 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORD77
Small Cajal body specific RNA 17Small Cajal body specific RNA 17
Tycowski KT, Aab A, Steitz JA (November 2004). "Guide RNAs with 5' caps and novel box C/D snoRNA-like domains for modification ... Small Cajal body-specific RNA 17 (also known as U12-22 scaRNA) is a type of small nuclear RNA which localises to the cajal ... Page for small Cajal body-specific RNA 17 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular ... This family includes only the 5' C/D box domain (U12-22) as the 3' C/D box is represented by Small Cajal body specific RNA 18. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_17
Small nucleolar RNA U2-19Small nucleolar RNA U2-19
Tycowski KT, Aab A, Steitz JA (November 2004). "Guide RNAs with 5' caps and novel box C/D snoRNA-like domains for modification ... It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA U2-19 belongs to the C/D box ... Page for Small nucleolar RNA U2-19 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and ... In molecular biology, the Small nucleolar RNA U2-19 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nucleolar_RNA_U2-19
Caspase-activated DNaseCaspase-activated DNase
Lai SK, Wong CH, Lee YP, Li HY (June 2011). "Caspase-3-mediated degradation of condensin Cap-H regulates mitotic cell death". ... Hillman RT, Green RE, Brenner SE (2005). "An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance". Genome Biology. 5 (2): R8. doi:10.1186/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase-activated_DNase
Bacillus virus phi29Bacillus virus phi29
Versatility in RNA structure and function provides the ability to assemble nanoparticles for nanomedicinal therapeutics. The ... Both 5' ends of the genome are capped with a covalently bonded terminal protein (p3) that complexes with DNA polymerase during ... Φ29 has a unique DNA packaging motor structure that employs prohead packaging RNA (pRNA) to guide the translocation of the ... Guo, Peixuan; Zhang, Chunlin; Chen, Chaoping; Garver, Kyle; Trottier, Mark (1998-07-01). "Inter-RNA Interaction of Phage φ29 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_virus_phi29
CDC73CDC73
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Parafibromin, LEO1, PAF1, and CTR9 form the PAF protein complex, which associates with the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A and ... "Entrez Gene: CDC73 Cell division cycle 73, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae)". Sood R, Bonner ... Cell division cycle 73, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae), also known as CDC73 and parafibromin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC73
Caspase 10Caspase 10
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... 1997). "A serine/arginine-rich nuclear matrix cyclophilin interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II". Nucleic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase_10
R100R100
... was constructed at the former RNAS Air Station Howden in Yorkshire, a remote location 3 mi (5 km) from Howden and 25 mi ( ... and it was returned to the shed where the original tail section was replaced by a hemispherical cap designed and made by the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R100
Short interspersed nuclear elementShort interspersed nuclear element
RNA pseudogenes are reverse transcribed RNA genes). Pseudogenes are generally functionless as they descend from processed RNAs ... Cai X, Hagedorn CH, Cullen BR (December 2004). "Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can ... For example, the 5' of the Alu sine is derived from 7SL RNA, a sequence transcribed by RNA Polymerase III which codes for the ... Short-interspersed nuclear elements are transcribed by RNA polymerase III which is known to transcribe ribosomal RNA and tRNA, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_interspersed_nuclear_element
UstilaginomycotinaUstilaginomycotina
5S rRNA In 1985 Gottschalk and Blanz did a study about the 5s ribosomal RNA and distinguished two types of structures in the ... In contrast to the Pucciniomycotina, the Ustilaginomycotina has a septal pore with a membrane cap or it is poreless. It does ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustilaginomycotina
RNA-targeting small molecule drugsRNA-targeting small molecule drugs
... the guanosine analog prodrug is used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping by incorporating into RNA and pairing ... RNA Complexation That Target the RNA: Specific Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 TAR RNA by Small Organic ... Additionally, HIV-1 RNA has been targeted extensively in vitro by RNA-binding small molecules. In 2007, Miller and coworkers ... An NMR structure of the RNA in complex with DB213, showed that the small molecule bound to the major groove of the RNA duplex. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-targeting_small_molecule_drugs
SAV1SAV1
"SAV1 salvador family WW domain containing protein 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a ... and RNA splicing. This gene encodes a protein which contains 2 WW domains and a coiled-coil region. It is ubiquitously ... simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAV1
60S ribosomal protein L760S ribosomal protein L7
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... In vitro the BZIP-like domain mediates homodimerization and stable binding to DNA and RNA, with a preference for 28S rRNA and ... Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L7
RNASEH1RNASEH1
2003). "Human RNase H1 uses one tryptophan and two lysines to position the enzyme at the 3'-DNA/5'-RNA terminus of the ... and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped ... The RNase H1 is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism. GRCh38: Ensembl ... 2008). "Specific recognition of RNA/DNA hybrid and enhancement of human RNase H1 activity by HBD". EMBO J. 27 (7): 1172-81. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNASEH1
Maxwell Hendry Maxwell-AndersonMaxwell Hendry Maxwell-Anderson
Anderson appeared for the Admiralty in the first of these cases, which involved the sinking of SMS Cap Trafalgar by HMS ... Among these were: SMS Königsberg, scuttled July 1915 in the Rufiji River in east Africa: the first RNAS claim. Motion upheld. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Hendry_Maxwell-Anderson
RetortamonasRetortamonas
Through comparison of Retortamonas haplotypes of ribosomal RNA subunits and network analysis between mammal-, amphibian-, and ... forming a cap of the cell with a thickened cyst wall. The cysts also contain a distinct anterior nucleus, but the flagella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retortamonas
Enzyme inhibitorEnzyme inhibitor
An example of a toxic peptide is alpha-amanitin, which is found in relatives of the death cap mushroom. This is a potent enzyme ... inhibitor, in this case preventing the RNA polymerase II enzyme from transcribing DNA. The algal toxin microcystin is also a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor
Glossary of English-language idioms derived from baseballGlossary of English-language idioms derived from baseball
In baseball, a rally cap is a baseball cap worn while inside-out and/or backwards or in another unconventional manner by ... That's what puts runs on the scoreboard and delivers value to members or customers". headline: "For RNA polymerase, it's one ... The rally cap is primarily a baseball superstition. The term may also be used by other groups, such as stock market traders. ... headline: "Muni Market Traders Keep Their Rally Caps On" - Patrick McGee, The Bond Buyer, 15 April 2011. In baseball a relief ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_English-language_idioms_derived_from_baseball
TDRKHTDRKH
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Lamb FS, Barna TJ, Goud C, Marenholz I, Mischke D, Schutte BC (May 2000). "Complex RNA processing of TDRKH, a novel gene ... encoding the putative RNA-binding tudor and KH domains". Gene. 246 (1-2): 209-18. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00087-1. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TDRKH
7SK RNA7SK RNA
The gamma phosphate at the 5' end of 7SK is methylated by the methylphosphate capping enzyme MEPCE which is a constitutive ... Diribarne G, Bensaude O (2009). "7SK RNA, a non-coding RNA regulating P-TEFb, a general transcription factor". RNA Biology. 6 ( ... 2): 122-8. doi:10.4161/rna.6.2.8115. PMID 19246988. Peterlin BM, Brogie JE, Price DH (2012). "7SK snRNA: a noncoding RNA that ... Yang Z, Zhu Q, Luo K, Zhou Q (November 2001). "The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits the CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase to control ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7SK_RNA
MIR195MIR195
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIR195
CD79BCD79B
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Hashimoto S, Chiorazzi N, Gregersen PK (1995). "Alternative splicing of CD79a (Ig-alpha/mb-1) and CD79b (Ig-beta/B29) RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD79B
RBM7RBM7
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... RNA-binding motif protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM7 gene. RBM7 has been shown to interact with SF3B2 ... "Entrez Gene: RBM7 RNA binding motif protein 7". Guo TB, Boros LG, Chan KC, Hikim AP, Hudson AP, Swerdloff RS, Mitchell AP, ... "Spermatogenetic expression of RNA-binding motif protein 7, a protein that interacts with splicing factors". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBM7
Turkeypox virusTurkeypox virus
... a seven-subunit RNA polymerase, the heterodimeric capping enzyme/ termination protein, and the heterodimeric poly(A) polymerase ... Also important for transcription is a capsidated RNA helicase, and two NTPases. These early transcripts are released from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeypox_virus
MIR517CMIR517C
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIR517C
OrthohantavirusOrthohantavirus
The L segment, 6.8-12 kb in length, encodes the L protein which functions primarily as the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ... As a result of this cap snatching, the mRNAs of hantaviruses are capped and contain nontemplated 5'-terminal extensions. The G1 ... RNAs suggest a prime-and-realign mechanism for the initiation of RNA synthesis". Journal of Virology. 69 (9): 5754-5762. doi: ... The virally encoded RNA polymerase is also found in the interior. By mass, the virion is greater than 50% protein, 20-30% lipid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthohantavirus
COG8COG8
"Entrez Gene: COG8 component of oligomeric golgi complex 8". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to ... 2001). "A functional interaction between the survival motor neuron complex and RNA polymerase II". J. Cell Biol. 152 (1): 75-85 ... replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COG8
PicornavirusPicornavirus
Internal ribosome entry sites are RNA structures that allow cap-independent initiation of translation, and are able to initiate ... strand RNA genome is replicated through a double-stranded RNA intermediate that is formed using viral RNA-dependent RNA ... Genomic RNAs of picornaviruses possess multiple RNA elements, and they are required for both negative- and positive-strand RNA ... The genome RNA is unusual because it has a protein on the 5' end that is used as a primer for transcription by RNA polymerase. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus
MicroRNA 210MicroRNA 210
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA_210
ST motifST motif
They have thus often been described as helix capping features. A related motif is the asx motif which has aspartate or ... Milner-White, EJ; Pietras Z; Luisi BF (2010). "An ancient anion-binding structural module in RNA and DNA helicases". Proteins. ... Presta, LG; Rose GD (1988). "Helix Caps". Science. 240 (4859): 1632-1641. doi:10.1126/science.2837824. PMID 2837824. Doig, AJ; ... Aurora, R; Rose GD (1998). "Helix Capping". Protein Science. 7 (1): 21-38. doi:10.1002/pro.5560070103. PMC 2143812. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_motif
MUS81MUS81
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Blais V, Gao H, Elwell CA, Boddy MN, Gaillard PH, Russell P, McGowan CH (Feb 2004). "RNA interference inhibition of Mus81 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUS81
CSTF2TCSTF2T
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... "Entrez Gene: CSTF2T cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 2, 64kDa, tau variant". Human CSTF2T genome location and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSTF2T
TPM2TPM2
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... "A nonmuscle tropomyosin is encoded by the smooth/skeletal beta-tropomyosin gene and its RNA is transcribed from an internal ... Heterozygous mutations in TPM2 have been identified in patients with congenital cap myopathy, a rare disorder defined by cap- ... Clarke NF, Domazetovska A, Waddell L, Kornberg A, McLean C, North KN (May 2009). "Cap disease due to mutation of the beta- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPM2
Does NudC decap canonical G-capped RNA? | NEBDoes NudC decap canonical G-capped RNA? | NEB
Home FAQs Does NudC decap canonical G-capped RNA? FAQ: Does NudC decap canonical G-capped RNA?. NEB has found that NudC decaps ... G-capped RNA with an adenosine as the initiating nucleotide efficiently, with G-capped RNA with an initiating guanosine much ...
https://www.neb.com/faqs/2020/01/10/does-nudc-decap-canonical-g-capped-rna
cap-feat-rna-seq | RNA-Seq Blogcap-feat-rna-seq | RNA-Seq Blog
What is RNA-Seq?. long RNAs are first converted into a library of cDNA fragments through either RNA fragmentation or DNA ... Quantification of LINE-1 RNA Expression from Bulk RNA-seq Using L1EM ... Time-course RNA-Seq profiling reveals isoform-level gene expression dynamics of the cGAS-STING pathway ... ADAMTS9-AS1 Long Non‑coding RNA Sponges miR‑128 and miR-150 to Regulate Ras/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Glioma ...
https://www.rna-seqblog.com/a-3-end-capture-sequencing-method-for-high-throughput-targeted-gene-expression-profiling/cap-feat-rna-seq/
Investigating RNA cap regulation in colorectal cancer | Studentships | Education
Our analysis of CRC will focus on RNA cap formation, a critical stage in RNA maturation that directs which genes are expressed ... Biochemical analyses will be used to characterise RNA capping enzyme functions and advanced RNA/DNA sequencing methods will be ... RNA cap methyltransferase RNMT promotes ribosome biogenesis via TOP-RNA in T cells Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jun 14:gkab465. ... Investigating RNA cap regulation in colorectal cancer Prof Vicky Cowling & Prof Owen Sansom. APPLY HERE. Labs: Gene Regulation ...
https://www.beatson.gla.ac.uk/Studentships/phd-cowling-2023.html
Two aromatic residues in the PB2 subunit of influenza A RNA polymerase are crucial for cap binding. - Immunology
The purpose of the present study was to test whether a similar cap recognition mechanism had independently evolved for the RNA ... Thus, our results favor a similar mechanism of cap binding by the influenza RNA polymerase as in the evolutionary unrelated ... in the PB2 subunit of the viral RNA polymerase that are essential for cap binding. The aromaticity of these two residues is ... and the nuclear cap-binding protein CBP20 showed that the recognition of the cap structure is achieved by the same general ...
https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/22799
Circular RNAs throw genetics for a loop | NatureCircular RNAs throw genetics for a loop | Nature
RNA sponges mop up sequences that curb gene expression. ... Circular RNAs cap-independent translation protein and its ... Instead, the predominance of linear RNAs may have been the artefact. Typical RNA-sequencing methods isolate only those mol- ... But advances in sequencing have allowed biologists to accumulate large data sets of RNA sequences, including some from RNA ... They reported finding a plethora of circular human RNAs while searching for RNA molecules that conventional methods might have ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/494415a?error=cookies_not_supported&code=fc6c8c54-8f45-4f82-bf69-638097b18402
Detection and classification of peaks in 5 cap RNA sequencing data - Murdoch University Research RepositoryDetection and classification of peaks in 5' cap RNA sequencing data - Murdoch University Research Repository
2013) Detection and classification of peaks in 5 cap RNA sequencing data. BMC Genomics, 14 (Suppl 5). S9. ... Integrating additional datasets is shown to provide minor gains in recall, in comparison to using only the cap-sequencing data. ... The large-scale sequencing of 5 cap enriched cDNA promises to reveal the diversity of transcription initiation across entire ... Addition of pooled external data or matched RNA sequencing data resulted in gains of recall with equivalent precision. ...
https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29630/
Impact of Cigarette Smoke on RNA-cap Modifications within HIV Infected Cells - New Jersey Research Community
... capping of HIV-specific RNA (Aim 1), and 2. Quantify NAD+-5 capping of cellular RNA following HIV infection, ART treatment and ... cap to impact RNA decay and to identify a mechanism to explain HIV latency and/or how the HIV virus alters cellular RNA to ... Kiledjian and colleagues as a 5 end NAD+ cap in eukaryotes that can promote RNA decay. Building on this work, the first goal ... Impact of Cigarette Smoke on RNA-cap Modifications within HIV Infected Cells. *Kiledjian, Mike (PI) ...
https://www.researchwithnj.com/en/projects/impact-of-cigarette-smoke-on-rna-cap-modifications-within-hiv-inf-2
Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap BallastsHatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap Ballasts
Our Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap is a great solution for you lighting needs! Click now and buy ... Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap. SKU: ... Write a review for Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap. ... Home, Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap. ...
https://www.ballasts.com/products/hatch-gs100arnak
Optimization of library preparation based on SMART for ultralow RNA-seq in mice brain tissues | BMC Genomics | Full TextOptimization of library preparation based on SMART for ultralow RNA-seq in mice brain tissues | BMC Genomics | Full Text
... as well as all RNA templates capped with m7G improved the sequencing sensitivity and low abundance gene detection ability. RNA- ... Here, we present a highly sensitive library construction protocol for ultralow input RNA sequencing (ulRNA-seq). We ... and template RNA structure. It was found that Maxima H Minus reverse transcriptase and rN modified TSO, ... seq libraries were successfully prepared from total RNA samples as low as 0.5 pg, and more than 2000 genes have been identified ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-021-08132-w
mTOR and S6K1 mediate assembly of the translation preinitiation complex through dynamic protein interchange and ordered...mTOR and S6K1 mediate assembly of the translation preinitiation complex through dynamic protein interchange and ordered...
RNA Cap Analogs / metabolism * Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR * Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / metabolism ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16286006/?dopt=Abstract
Decapping Enzyme NUDT12 Partners with BLMH for Cytoplasmic Surveillance of NAD-Capped RNAs - Biomolecular Condensates -...Decapping Enzyme NUDT12 Partners with BLMH for Cytoplasmic Surveillance of NAD-Capped RNAs - Biomolecular Condensates -...
... cap, and its removal by decapping enzymes like DCP2 is critical for initiation of RNA decay. Alternative RNA caps can be ... Here, we identify human NUDT12 as a cytosolic NAD-RNA decapping enzyme. NUDT12 is active only as homodimers, with each monomer ... Both proteins downregulate gene expression when artificially tethered to a reporter RNA in vivo. Furthermore, loss of Nudt12 ... Overall, our study points to a physiological role for NUDT12 in the cytosolic surveillance of NAD-RNAs. ...
https://condensates.com/publications/decapping-enzyme-nudt12-partners-with-blmh-for-cytoplasmic-surveillance-of-nad-capped-rnas/
Biblio | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State UniversityBiblio | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University
RNA Caps. Shay KPetersen, Michels AJ, Li W, Kong A-NTony, Hagen TM. 2012. Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic ... Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response.. Biochim Biophys Acta. ... Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response.. Biochim Biophys Acta. ... Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response.. Biochim Biophys Acta. ...
https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=5351&o=asc&s=keyword
Frontiers | COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So FarFrontiers | COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So Far
Structural Basis of RNA Cap Modification by SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun (2020) 11:3718. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17496-8 ... SARS-CoV-2 is known to survive at a wide range of pH values at room temperature (pH 3-10) (13). RNA viruses like influenza A ... Detection of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in Peripheral Blood Specimens. J Transl Med (2020) 18:412. doi: 10.1186/s12967- ... Mechanism of Human Influenza Virus RNA Persistence and Virion Survival in Feces: Mucus Protects Virions From Acid and Digestive ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.693938/full
Novel Orthopoxvirus and Lethal Disease in Cat, Italy - Volume 24, Number 9-September 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
RNA polymerase 132; D1R, messenger RNA capping enzyme, large subunit; D5R, DNA-independent NTPase (DNA replication); E6R, ... hypothetical protein; E9L, DNA polymerase; H4L, RNA polymerase-associated protein; and J6R, RNA polymerase 147. Gene ... We screened RNA extracts by real-time PCR or conventional reverse transcription PCR specific for carnivore coronaviruses (34) ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/9/17-1283_article
protein-containing complex - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Databaseprotein-containing complex - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database
RNA cap binding complex +. 11. RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex. 12. RQC complex. 4. ...
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/annot.html?acc_id=GO:0032991
Positively Negative: Cellular Structures Enforcer Role Discovered by Johns Hopkins Scientists - 10/14/2010Positively Negative: Cellular Structure's 'Enforcer' Role Discovered by Johns Hopkins Scientists - 10/14/2010
"This was strange, because the cap of messenger RNA is supposed to be both a stabilizer and a stimulator of binding," says Jon ... The scientists then modified some messenger RNA by lopping off its chemical "cap," and left the rest intact so that when they ... The research, which focuses on the odd chemical "cap" of messenger RNA, is described in the September 24 issue of Molecular ... The team revealed that the cap - a baroque structure made of modified RNA constituents joined head to head rather than the ...
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/positively_negative_cellular_structures_enforcer_role_discovered_by_johns_hopkins_scientists
IP Update: Recent RNAi- and microRNA-Related Patents and Patent Applications: Oct 13, 2011 | GenomeWebIP Update: Recent RNAi- and microRNA-Related Patents and Patent Applications: Oct 13, 2011 | GenomeWeb
Title: Compositions and Methods for Modulating Activity of Capped Small RNAs Patent Number: 8,034,922 ... The compositions contain RNA polynucleotides that can inhibit expression of a target gene via RNA interference [that are] ... The RNA polynucleotides are not covalently bound to the surface-functionalized GNRs. The method involves inhibiting expression ... "RNA interference is provided for inhibition of Rho kinase mRNA expression for treating patients with ocular disorders, ...
https://www.genomeweb.com/rnai/ip-update-recent-rnai-and-microrna-related-patents-and-patent-applications-6
Max Nanao - Google ScholarMax Nanao - Google Scholar
Structural insight into cap-snatching and RNA synthesis by influenza polymerase. S Reich, D Guilligay, A Pflug, H Malet, I ...
https://scholar.google.de/citations?user=n3-32jAAAAAJ&hl=en&oe=ASCII
WikiGenesWikiGenes
Evidence was obtained that the RNA is capped. Two putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. ORF 1 coded for a 194.7 ... helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, in that order from the N to the C terminus). ORF 2 encoded a 20 kDa polypeptide that ... The 5-terminal region of the RNA genome of GVB comprises 5437 nucleotides and has been sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide ... kDa polypeptide with conserved motifs of replication-related proteins of positive-strand RNA viruses (i.e. methyltransferase, ...
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/8887502.html
Publications | CrickPublications | Crick
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds by screening for small molecule inhibitors of Nsp14 RNA cap methyltransferase. ... Identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds by screening for small molecule inhibitors of nsp12/7/8 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ...
https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/publications?f%5B0%5D=research_groups_latest_pub%3A133&f%5B1%5D=topic%3A11
The Potential of MicroRNAs in Personalized Medicine against CancersThe Potential of MicroRNAs in Personalized Medicine against Cancers
MiRNA genes are first transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long, capped, and polyadenylated primary miRNA precursors (pri- ... which involves long non-coding RNAs, referred to as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), acting as miRNA sponges [146]. Whether ... V. N. Kim, J. Han, and M. C. Siomi, "Biogenesis of small RNAs in animals," Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 10, no. ... G. A. Calin, C. D. Dumitru, M. Shimizu et al., "Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/642916/
Tissue expression of ANKIB1 - Staining in testis - The Human Protein AtlasTissue expression of ANKIB1 - Staining in testis - The Human Protein Atlas
RNA expression in human tissues obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) generated by the FANTOM5 project are ... TESTIS - GTEx RNA-seqi RNA-Seq data generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project from human tissues is reported ... TESTIS - HPA RNA-seqi The RNA-seq details section shows detailed information about the individual samples used for the ... RNA expressioni A summary of mRNA expression data available for current tissue based on several datasets. The mRNA expression ...
http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000001629-ANKIB1/tissue/testis
MIR636 microRNA 636 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBIMIR636 microRNA 636 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.. Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly. Genomic * NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38 ... microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/693221
Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDCInfluenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDC
Baloxavir is a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor that interferes with viral RNA transcription and blocks virus replication. ... but significantly reduced nasopharyngeal influenza viral RNA levels (Kumar, 2022). ... but significantly reduced nasopharyngeal influenza viral RNA levels (Kumar, 2022). ... and the ATS-IDSA Adult CAP Guidelines. ...
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Long Non-Coding RNAs in Haematological MalignanciesIJMS | Free Full-Text | Long Non-Coding RNAs in Haematological Malignancies
LncRNAs are as diverse as mRNAs and they normally share the same biosynthetic machinery based on RNA polymerase II, splicing ... are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length. ... Under cap dependent translation inhibition due to stress, UCHL1 ... Circular RNAs, newcomers to the RNA list, can also function as RNA decoys [54-56]. It is generally accepted that circular RNAs ... This causes the circularization of the RNA and a tremendous increase in RNA stability, as circular RNAs lack 5′ or 3′ ends and ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/8/15386
mRNA capping enzyme | NIH 3D Print ExchangemRNA capping enzyme | NIH 3D Print Exchange
methyltransferase, RNA, cap, m7G, messenger rna cap, TRANSFERASE. Protein Data Bank ID ...
https://3dprint.nih.gov/discover/3dpx-001165
NIBR Science of Therapeutics Symposium | NovartisNIBR Science of Therapeutics Symposium | Novartis
There, she focuses on the structure and function of enzymes involved in viral replication and RNA capping, and their use in ... Pei-Yong Shi works on RNA virus, drug discovery, and vaccine research, with experience in both basic and translational research ... Dinucleosides S-adenosyl-L-methionine analogs as inhibitors of RNA methyltransferases. The hazards of a bisubstrate strategy ...
https://www.novartis.com/coronavirus/nibr-science-therapeutics-symposium
Combining genetic constraint with predictions of alternative splicing to prioritize deleterious splicing in rare disease...Combining genetic constraint with predictions of alternative splicing to prioritize deleterious splicing in rare disease...
S-CAP extends pathogenicity prediction to genetic variants that affect RNA splicing. Nat Genet. 2019;51:755-63. ... For example, variants that alter the elongation rate and transcription kinetics of RNA polymerase II [41,42,43], RNA secondary ... Conserved RNA secondary structures promote alternative splicing. RNA. 2008;14:1463-9. ... recently used RNA-seq to identify a pathogenic splicing mutation around the 3′ end of exon 5 in ASAH1 that leads to exon 6 ...
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-022-05041-x
Integration of Wnt and FGF signaling in the Xenopus gastrula at TCF and Ets binding sites shows the importance of short-range...Integration of Wnt and FGF signaling in the Xenopus gastrula at TCF and Ets binding sites shows the importance of short-range...
Capped RNAs were synthesized using an mMessage mMachine (Ambion). dkk1 pCS108, β-catenin-3×FLAG pCS108 and ets2-3×FLAG pCS108 ... D) RNA in situ hybridization pattern for wnt8 and fgf8. (E) Activity of Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways at mid-gastrula. RNA in ... D) RNA in situ hybridization pattern for wnt8 and fgf8. (E) Activity of Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways at mid-gastrula. RNA in ... All RNAs were injected in 5nl or 10nl bursts along with mCherry RNA to serve as a tracer. ...
https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/146/15/dev179580/215055/Integration-of-Wnt-and-FGF-signaling-in-the
PolymeraseProteinsEnzymeGenomeDegradationVirusesSingle-strandedHelicaseCircular RNAsMoleculesMethyltransferaseDengue virusGene expressionNucleotides in lengthPolymerasesSynthesisNucleotideMaturationProteinSequencesMicroRNAsAnalogsRegulationVaccineMethylationMRNAsReplicationGeneticSubunitTranscriptionRibonucleicAbstractEukaryoticInitiationMessengerMechanismDetectionSpecificityEnzymesCovalentlyVirusVials2022InterferenceTranscriptsCellsTissuesStructuralBiochemicalNuclearExtractionStructureEukaryotesTranslationModificationStrandCellularExoNPoly
Polymerase13
  • Two aromatic residues in the PB2 subunit of influenza A RNA polymerase are crucial for cap binding. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The purpose of the present study was to test whether a similar cap recognition mechanism had independently evolved for the RNA polymerase of influenza virus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Combining in vivo and in vitro methods, we characterized two crucial aromatic amino acids, Phe363 and Phe404, in the PB2 subunit of the viral RNA polymerase that are essential for cap binding. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, our results favor a similar mechanism of cap binding by the influenza RNA polymerase as in the evolutionary unrelated VP39, eIF4E, and CBP20. (ox.ac.uk)
  • miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (nih.gov)
  • LncRNAs are as diverse as mRNAs and they normally share the same biosynthetic machinery based on RNA polymerase II, splicing and polyadenylation. (mdpi.com)
  • The expression level of circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circ-ITCH) was identified and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in HCC cell lines. (researchsquare.com)
  • Although dengue virus genome replication occurs in the cytoplasm of infected cells, it has been shown that the NS5 protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) is hyperphosphorylated at a late stage in infection and localized to the cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • Pri-miRNA is typically a large RNA polymerase pol II-derived transcript whose tertiary structure forms stem loop structures. (cdc.gov)
  • The pri-miRNA transcript is transcribed by RNA polymerase II. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcription begins when the double-stranded DNA is unwound to allow the binding of RNA polymerase. (bostonmolecules.com)
  • Once transcription is initiated, RNA polymerase is released from the DNA. (bostonmolecules.com)
  • Standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be done with INCB018424 biological activity smaller amounts of RNA (20C40 ng), but quantification is hard and relies on endpoint analysis of the PCR product. (irjs.info)
Proteins12
  • The recent resolution of the structure of three evolutionary unrelated cap binding proteins, the vaccinia viral protein VP39, the eukaryotic translation factor eIF4E, and the nuclear cap-binding protein CBP20 showed that the recognition of the cap structure is achieved by the same general mechanism, i.e. by "sandwiching" of the N7-methyl guanine of the cap structure between two aromatic amino acid residues. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The discovery is yet another a reminder that RNA is much more than a mundane messenger -between DNA and the proteins it encodes. (nature.com)
  • Rajewsky hypothesizes that circular RNA could even interact with RNA-binding proteins. (nature.com)
  • Because they added a radioactive atom to the messenger RNA and fluorescent tags to the other proteins required for protein manufacture, the team could evaluate mRNA recruitment under various conditions - with and without a cap, for instance, and in the presence and absence of various other factors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Further studies revealed that when the cap was removed, the mRNA bound efficiently but indiscriminately, even when all the necessary other proteins were not present. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The cap appears to prevent the mRNA from interacting with the ribosome unless all of the required proteins are present and accounted for, according to Lorsch. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Influenza A virus contains eight RNA segments and encodes 10 viral proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A virus has eight segments of negative-stranded RNA genome and encodes 10 viral proteins ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This is RNA and helps recreate viruses that may be required to lead the host cell into believing that viral proteins can be formed from this RNA. (healthjockey.com)
  • Probably having subtle antiviral effects against the West Nile virus, it appears to have the potential association to interpret RNA into proteins. (healthjockey.com)
  • RNA transport can also follow a circadian pattern, with a circadian nuclear retention driven by rhythmic expression within the nucleus of particular bodies (the paraspeckles) and circadian export to the cytoplasm driven by rhythmic proteins acting like cargo. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • The N-terminal region is associated serves directly as a template for the synthesis with the RNA capping reaction that puts a of the virus proteins. (who.int)
Enzyme7
  • A KTDG motif essential for enzyme-GMP complex formation by mRNA capping enzyme is conserved at the active sites of RNA and DNA ligases. (crossref.org)
  • We will use advanced mass spectrometry to analyse the RNA capping enzyme complexes in different tumour types. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Biochemical analyses will be used to characterise RNA capping enzyme functions and advanced RNA/DNA sequencing methods will be used to analyse the role of these enzymes in gene regulation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The ~11 kb ss (+) RNA genome of domains that contain enzyme activities that dengue virus is capped at the 5' end but not are crucial for the replicative cycle of the poly-adenylylated and upon uncoating, virus. (who.int)
  • The RNase III enzyme, Dicer, was found to cleave RNAs into ~22 nucleotide products [ 9 - 11 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • [2] [3] These enveloped , positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (wikizero.com)
  • 1, 2, 3 The performance of the reverse transcription (RT) response may be suffering from the enzyme, primers, nucleotides, and RNA secondary framework. (irjs.info)
Genome5
  • These small RNAs orchestrate the expression of the genome at the posttranscriptional level and adapt the protein output to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli. (hindawi.com)
  • The characterization and molecular cloning of the double-stranded RNA genome of an Australian strain of infectious bursal disease virus. (nchu.edu.tw)
  • Its genome is about 30 kb , which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. (wikizero.com)
  • [18] The genome has the usual 5′ methylated cap and a 3′ polyadenylated tail . (wikizero.com)
  • The 5' methylated cap and 3' polyadenylated tail allows the positive-sense RNA genome to be directly translated by the host cell's ribosome on viral entry . (wikizero.com)
Degradation8
  • Thus, these 21 [to] 23 [nucleotide] fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. (genomeweb.com)
  • Poor hnRNA-5'G-cap methylation results in destabilized RNA that are prone to degradation. (nova.edu)
  • Finally, RNA degradation may also follow a circadian pattern through the rhythmic involvement of miRNAs. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously synthesized small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interfering with protein translational machinery and/or inducing degradation of target mRNAs [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Sera were separated immediately (within 1 hour) to prevent viral RNA degradation and each serum sample was then dispensed into 2 screw-capped vials stored at -20 ºC and -70 ºC. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, inhibiting mRNA launch from NSs will not attenuate exosomal degradation in regular cells, and leads to polyA RNA build up both outside and inside of NSs in exosome inactivated cells, recommending that passage through NSs is not needed for sorting mRNAs for export or degradation. (biotech2012.org)
  • Furthermore, MTR4 affiliates with ZFC3H1 and features in the degradation of lengthy transcripts collectively, such as for example snoRNA sponsor transcripts, aswell as short unpredictable RNAs including PROMPTs transcribed in the antisense path (also known as uaRNAs) and prematurely terminated RNAs (ptRNAs) (7,8). (biotech2012.org)
  • Indeed, a recently available research reported that normally unpredictable RNAs at the mercy of exosomal degradation are recognized in the polysomes upon exosome inactivation (8). (biotech2012.org)
Viruses9
  • Scientists have since learned that certain viruses may have a plan of action for robbing RNA caps from host cells so as to place them on their own RNA. (healthjockey.com)
  • A range of disease-causing viruses may need to fabricate their own caps counting poxviruses, flaviviruses, rhabdoviruses, coronaviruses and reoviruses. (healthjockey.com)
  • The 2' cap is also suggested to aid normal viruses from dodging this area of the immune system. (healthjockey.com)
  • RNA Tumor Viruses (2d edition), Volume 2, pp 437-443, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1985). (justia.com)
  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the family Coronaviridae, the enveloped viruses that possess extraordinarily large single-stranded RNA genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases in length [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Enteroviruses are a group of single-stranded sense RNA viruses that commonly cause infections, especially in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae (small RNA viruses) family. (medscape.com)
  • In Australia, small, enveloped, single-stranded (ss) and dengue epidemics have occurred positive polarity RNA viruses. (who.int)
  • First, Zika virus belongs to the most prevalent class of emerging pathogens, the zoonotic single- stranded RNA viruses, which have mutation rates as high as 1 base per 10 to the 4th power bases, each replication. (cdc.gov)
Single-stranded4
  • COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( 1 ), an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus betacoronaviruses (BCoVs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are single-stranded nucleic acid-analogue antisense agents that enter cells readily and can reduce gene expression by steric blocking of complementary RNA (cRNA) sequences. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)
  • Lassa virus, named after a small town in northeastern Nigeria, is an enveloped, single-stranded, bisegmented ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus classified in the family Arenaviridae. (cdc.gov)
Helicase2
  • expressed in middle/late meiosis,IV" YDR525W 1 5 7 YDR525W "Ydr525wp,IV" YDR526C 1 5 8 YDR526C "Ydr526cp,IV" YER187W 1 5 9 YER187W "similar to killer toxin,V" YER188W 1 5 10 YER188W "Yer188wp,V" YER190W 1 5 11 YER190W "Yrf1-2p,V" YFL002C 1 5 12 YFL002C "ATP-dependent RNA helicase,VI" YFL002W-B 1 5 13 YFL002W-B "TyA gag protein. (davidson.edu)
  • activity of the exosome needs multiple cofactors, among that your RNA helicase MTR4 is crucial for every facet of nuclear exosome features. (biotech2012.org)
Circular RNAs3
  • But the researchers suspect that the circular RNAs have many other functions. (nature.com)
  • The few accounts of circular RNAs in plants and animals were generally dismissed as genetic accidents or experimental artefacts, says Erik Sontheimer, a molecular biologist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. (nature.com)
  • Circular RNAs could also be sponges for microRNA from outside the cell, notes Rajewsky. (nature.com)
Molecules7
  • Behold the latest curio in the cabinet of RNA oddities: naturally occurring circular RNA molecules that influence gene expression. (nature.com)
  • The molecules comprise "a hidden, parallel universe" of unexplored RNAs, says Nikolaus Rajewsky, the lead author of one of the studies and a systems biologist at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin. (nature.com)
  • And when Rajewsky and his colleagues mined databases for circular RNA molecules, they found thousands in nematode worms, mice and humans. (nature.com)
  • The first 5' mRNA cap to be identified was N7- methyl guanosine (m7G) which among other functions imparts stability onto mRNA molecules. (researchwithnj.com)
  • As for miRNA mimics, chemically modified RNAs (capped RNA molecules) can be a good starting choice as antagomirs in very short term experiments. (tebu-bio.com)
  • Aspartic acid also combines with other amino acids to form molecules that absorb toxins and remove them from the bloodstream, aids the function of RNA and DNA, and helps to protect the liver. (hammernutrition.com)
  • Translation or protein synthesis is a multi-step process that requires a lot of molecules including transfer RNAs (tRNA), amino acids, ATP, GTP and other cofactors to transfer information from mRNA to protein in ribosomes. (bostonmolecules.com)
Methyltransferase1
  • Varshney D, Lombardi O, Schweikert G, Dunn S, Suska O and Cowling VH (2018) mRNA cap methyltransferase (RNMT-RAM) is required for RNA pol II-dependent transcription Cell Rep. 2018 May 1;23(5):1530-1542. (gla.ac.uk)
Dengue virus1
  • 5´cap -independent translation of dengue virus genomic RNA]. (cdc.gov)
Gene expression7
  • Recognition of the cap structure is of paramount importance in some of the most central processes of gene expression as well as in some viral processes, such as priming of influenza virus transcription. (ox.ac.uk)
  • RNA 'sponges' mop up sequences that curb gene expression. (nature.com)
  • MicroRNAs are short fragments of RNA that can block gene expression by binding to and preventing the translation of messenger RNAs. (nature.com)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (nih.gov)
  • In a recent review in WIREs RNA , " Circadian processes in the RNA life cycle ," the authors summarize the current knowledge of the post-transcriptional circadian mechanisms known to play a prominent role in shaping circadian gene expression in mammals. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • Using bulk RNA-sequencing from whole blood, we examined the association between gene expression and WTC-related PTSD symptom severity on (i) highest lifetime Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score, (ii) past-month CAPS score, and (iii) PTSD symptom dimensions using a 5-factor model of re-experiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, dysphoric arousal and anxious arousal symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • As you know, RNA interference (RNAi) has delivered to humanity the control of gene expression. (intlstemcell.com)
Nucleotides in length2
  • used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21 [to] 23 nucleotides in length," the patent applications' abstracts state. (genomeweb.com)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length. (mdpi.com)
Polymerases1
  • The invention comprises "compositions and methods for modulating transcription by RNA polymerases," the patent's abstract states. (genomeweb.com)
Synthesis3
  • 1990s the frequency of outbreaks of dengue the replicative form (RF), which is the fever have escalated, mirroring the situation recycling template for the synthesis of new in the neighbouring regions and elsewhere plus strand RNA. (who.int)
  • Analogs of the RNA caps ( RNA CAP ANALOGS ), which lack the positive charge, inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The information for protein synthesis is generally stored in DNA, which is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA), and then translated into a protein. (bostonmolecules.com)
Nucleotide2
  • NEB has found that NudC decaps G-capped RNA with an adenosine as the initiating nucleotide efficiently, with G-capped RNA with an initiating guanosine much less so. (neb.com)
  • Furthermore, when these 21 [to] 23 [nucleotide] fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. (genomeweb.com)
Maturation2
  • Our analysis of CRC will focus on RNA cap formation, a critical stage in RNA maturation that directs which genes are expressed and as a result influences cell function, proliferation and fate decisions. (gla.ac.uk)
  • These steps include all processes involved in RNA maturation like capping, splicing and 3' end termination. (advancedsciencenews.com)
Protein6
  • Some were unexpectedly short or surprisingly long, and some flouted orthodoxy by blocking other RNA strands from being translated into protein. (nature.com)
  • Because the cap was known to play two positive roles in the protein manufacturing process, the researchers were surprised to see that the cap-less mRNA bound even better than the capped mRNA to protein builders called ribosomes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Comirnaty contains tozinameran, a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule with instructions for producing a protein from the original strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (europa.eu)
  • Recognition of polyadenylate RNA by the poly (A)-binding protein. (google.pl)
  • Many steps occur between transcriptional initiation and protein function and many, if not all, of these steps of the RNA life cycle are subject to circadian regulation. (advancedsciencenews.com)
  • RNA data sourced from Human Protein Atlas . (antibodypedia.com)
Sequences2
  • But advances in sequencing have allowed biologists to accumulate large data sets of RNA sequences, including some from RNA without tails. (nature.com)
  • The big initial delivery problem, getting RNA interfering sequences past the body's defenses, is being cracked, however. (intlstemcell.com)
MicroRNAs3
  • Circular non-coding RNA has been found to bind and deactivate microRNAs. (nature.com)
  • It is in this context that the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs), a particular class of small noncoding RNAs, has rapidly become apparent [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNAs critically involved in a wide spectrum of normal and pathological processes of cells or tissues by fine-tuning the signals important for stem cell development, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and transformation. (cdc.gov)
Analogs1
  • Dinucleosides S-adenosyl-L-methionine analogs as inhibitors of RNA methyltransferases. (novartis.com)
Regulation1
  • The mapping of different subcellular RNA maps provides a new perspective on studying the relationship between the dynamic regulation of RNA subcellular space and the occurrence of human diseases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccine3
  • Pei-Yong Shi works on RNA virus, drug discovery, and vaccine research, with experience in both basic and translational research in a career that has spanned public health, industry, and academia. (novartis.com)
  • Like Spikevax, its new candidate is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. (theperfectenemy.com)
  • RNA - A Taste of RNA Vaccine? (dotsmark.com)
Methylation2
  • DNA methylation profiles), and transcriptomic (RNA expression profiles) differences between tumors that improve their classification in distinct molecular subtypes [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This N7-MTase domain performs the first 5' methylation of the GpppA cap providing efficient RNA translation and protection from the hosts innate immune system [9] . (proteopedia.org)
MRNAs5
  • mRNAs are capped at their 5'-end by a unique cap structure containing N7-methyl guanine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Building on this work, the first goal of this proposal is to evaluate the NAD+ 5' cap mRNA modification as it impacts the decay of both host and HIV-specific mRNAs during an HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. (researchwithnj.com)
  • Therefore, the second goal of this proposal is to evaluate the impact of CSC on the ability of both host and HIV-specific mRNAs to be NAD+ 5' cap modified. (researchwithnj.com)
  • The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (nih.gov)
  • Your competition of MTR4 using the mRNA export adaptor ALYREF for associating using the nuclear cap-binding complicated (CBC) has an 2"-O-Galloylhyperin essential system for sorting export-defective mRNAs from export-competent types (9). (biotech2012.org)
Replication1
  • Three PPMO, targeting the translation start site region of PB1 or NP mRNA or the 3′-terminal region of NP viral RNA (vRNA), potently inhibited virus replication in MDCK cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genetic1
  • Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are a group of conditions that have overlapping signs and symptoms and the same genetic cause. (medlineplus.gov)
Subunit1
  • During initiation, the small subunit of the ribosome bound to initiator t-RNA searches for the mRNA starting at the 5' terminal to identify and bind the initiation codon (AUG). The large subunit of the ribosome then joins the small ribosomal subunit to generate the initiation complex at the initiation codon. (bostonmolecules.com)
Transcription1
  • The large-scale sequencing of 5' cap enriched cDNA promises to reveal the diversity of transcription initiation across entire genomes. (edu.au)
Ribonucleic1
  • Testing for HCV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) and genotyping is the most reliable indicator for HCV infection and it correlates with infectivity, disease progression and response to treatment. (who.int)
Abstract1
  • The patent application, its abstract states, claims an "RNA interference target sequence targeting HIV for the treatment of AIDS. (genomeweb.com)
Eukaryotic1
  • Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some heterogeneous nuclear RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
Initiation2
  • This study will reveal the role of the RNA capping enzymes during tumour initiation and progression - and how best to target these enzymes in therapeutic approaches. (gla.ac.uk)
  • These structures, which are positively charged, protect the above specified RNAs at their termini against attack by phosphatases and other nucleases and promote mRNA function at the level of initiation of translation. (bvsalud.org)
Messenger5
  • The scientists then modified some messenger RNA by lopping off its chemical "cap," and left the rest intact so that when they reconstituted the machine in test tubes, they could compare the behaviors of capped and uncapped versions of messenger RNA. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This was strange, because the cap of messenger RNA is supposed to be both a stabilizer and a stimulator of binding," says Jon Lorsch, Ph.D., professor of biophysics and biophysical chemistry , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The most sensitive test appears to be reverse transcriptase PCR testing for messenger RNA produced by infected cells. (cpnhelp.org)
  • This testing, for example, showed 18.5% of blood donors to have messenger RNA from Cpn in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (cpnhelp.org)
  • Testing for messenger RNA from infected cells appears to be the most sensitive method. (cpnhelp.org)
Mechanism2
  • These studies have the potential to identify the role of this novel 5' cap to impact RNA decay and to identify a mechanism to explain HIV latency and/or how the HIV virus alters cellular RNA to maximize viral production. (researchwithnj.com)
  • The distinction in significant genes between total lifetime CAPS score and the anxious arousal symptom dimension of PTSD highlights a potential biological difference in the mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of the PTSD phenotype. (cdc.gov)
Detection3
  • It was found that Maxima H Minus reverse transcriptase and rN modified TSO, as well as all RNA templates capped with m7G improved the sequencing sensitivity and low abundance gene detection ability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The former was utilized for detection of anti-HCV antibodies while the latter was used for HCV-RNA detection and subsequent genotyping/subtyping. (who.int)
  • We found that a two-step RT-PCR using SYBR Green I dye detection with product verification by melting curve analysis is quick, quantitative, and applicable to samples with limited amount of RNA. (irjs.info)
Specificity2
  • We aim to understand how the RNA capping enzymes change in composition, activity and gene specificity as tumours initiate and progress from healthy tissue. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Synthesize and purify both capped Cas9 mRNA for the DNA endonuclease activity and guide RNA/s for specificity. (jax.org)
Enzymes1
  • This project will be carried out collaboratively in the labs of Vicky Cowling and Owen Sansom at the Beatson Institute, which have world-leading expertise in RNA capping enzymes and colorectal cancer research, respectively. (gla.ac.uk)
Covalently1
  • The RNA polynucleotides are not covalently bound to the surface-functionalized GNRs. (genomeweb.com)
Virus5
  • The researcher further pointed that the caps could be acting like a false labelling badge for the virus' RNA. (healthjockey.com)
  • Estructuras de ácido nucleico que se encuentran en el extremo 5' del ARN mensajero celular de eucariotes y virus y de algunos ARN nucleares heterogéneos. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prevalence of the SNP rs10774671 of the OAS1 gene in Mexico as a possible predisposing factor for RNA virus disease. (cdc.gov)
  • A high Ct value generally indicates that more cycles are required to detect the virus, indicating that there is less viral RNA present in the sample. (vic.gov.au)
  • Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. (bvsalud.org)
Vials1
20222
  • Avidity Biosciences ( NASDAQ:RNA ) Third Quarter 2022 Results Key Financial Results Net loss: US$43.6m (loss widened by. (yahoo.com)
  • Avidity Biosciences, Inc. (RNA) delivered earnings and revenue surprises of 15.46% and 3.85%, respectively, for the quarter ended September 2022. (yahoo.com)
Interference1
  • The compositions contain RNA polynucleotides that can inhibit expression of a target gene via RNA interference [that are] electrostatically complexed with surface-functionalized gold nanorods. (genomeweb.com)
Transcripts1
  • In addition, hybridization of probes to RNA for sequencing (HyPR-seq), which can easily detect more than 100,000 cells in a single experiment, and achieve high sensitivity for individual transcripts in single cells and low-abundance transcripts [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
  • The clinical isolates were passed in MDCK cells, and the supernatant was used for viral RNA extraction with the Viral RNA Extraction Miniprep System kit (Viogene, Sunnyvale, CA). Viral RNA was amplified into double-stranded DNA by RT-PCR by using the Ready-To-Go RT-PCR Beads (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). (cdc.gov)
  • Moss suggested that the caps were a manner for the cells to differentiate between their RNA and an invader's. (healthjockey.com)
  • Materials and Methods Cell Culture and RNA Extraction Two subclones of W12 cervical epithelial cells with HPV16 in differing physical states were a gift from Dr. Paul Lambert (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI). (irjs.info)
Tissues1
  • JIMK- So PCR is just the most sensitive test for detecting DNA or RNA floating around in the serum or tissues. (cpnhelp.org)
Structural1
  • Structure of a complex between a cap analogue and mRNA guanylyl transferase demonstrates the structural chemistry of RNA capping. (expasy.org)
Biochemical1
  • Three other groups each received the same specific antigen in conjunction with the administration of L-carnosine, biochemical parameters including DNA, RNA, DNA/RNA ratio concentrations in addition ATPase, and acetyl cholinesterase activities were measured in liver, heart, kidney and brain in all groups. (who.int)
Nuclear1
  • MTR4 forms into different complexes that hyperlink the nuclear exosome to different classes of focus on RNAs. (biotech2012.org)
Extraction1
  • All monolayers were lysed with guanidinium thiocyanate for RNA extraction. (irjs.info)
Structure1
  • We systematically evaluate experimental conditions of this protocol, such as reverse transcriptase, template-switching oligos (TSO), and template RNA structure. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotes2
  • Additional caps have subsequently been reported with the most recent identified by Dr. Kiledjian and colleagues as a 5' end NAD+ cap in eukaryotes that can promote RNA decay. (researchwithnj.com)
  • however, in eukaryotes, mRNA is further processed (e.g., removal of introns by splicing, addition of a cap at the 5´ end, and multiple adenines at the mRNA 3´ end), and the modified mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm. (bostonmolecules.com)
Translation1
  • 2012. Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response. . (oregonstate.edu)
Modification1
  • This proposal will focus on how cigarette smoke can influence the NAD+ 5' cap RNA modification. (researchwithnj.com)
Strand1
  • A mystery however was the need for an additional cap close to the start of each RNA strand in the 2' position. (healthjockey.com)
Cellular2
  • Quantify NAD+-5' capping of cellular RNA following HIV infection, ART treatment and in presence of cigarette smoke condensate (Aim 2). (researchwithnj.com)
  • Our long-term goal is to identify if there is a role for the NAD+ 5'cap on HIV specific and/or cellular RNAs following both HIV infection and exposure to cigarette smoke. (researchwithnj.com)
ExoN1
  • Rna therapy, this one focused on exon 13 mutations in the digestive tract, patients. (paywow.com)
Poly2
  • 5' cap and poly-A tail. (khanacademy.org)
  • 12 The total RNA from each sample was divided in half: one half for HDFA after poly(A)+ RNA isolation by using the Oligotex mRNA kit (Qiagen, Santa Clarita, CA) and the other half for HDFA validation by LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN). (irjs.info)
Frontiers | COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So Far
Frontiers | COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So Far (frontiersin.org)
Protein-containing complex - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database
Protein-containing complex - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database (rgd.mcw.edu)
Max Nanao - Google Scholar
Max Nanao - Google Scholar (scholar.google.de)
Publications | Crick
Publications | Crick (crick.ac.uk)
Tissue expression of ANKIB1 - Staining in testis - The Human Protein Atlas
Tissue expression of ANKIB1 - Staining in testis - The Human Protein Atlas (proteinatlas.org)
Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDC
Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDC (cdc.gov)
HAN Archive - 00425 | Health Alert Network (HAN)
HAN Archive - 00425 | Health Alert Network (HAN) (emergency.cdc.gov)
Capping Protocol (M2080) | NEB
Capping Protocol (M2080) | NEB (neb.com)
NSUWorks - Health Professions Division REACH Day: Dwindling Effects of Cytosolic and Nuclear Methionine Pools on Prostate,...
NSUWorks - Health Professions Division REACH Day: Dwindling Effects of Cytosolic and Nuclear Methionine Pools on Prostate,... (nsuworks.nova.edu)
Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Gene in Recent Taiwanese Isolates - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Gene in Recent Taiwanese Isolates - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Avidity Biosciences, Inc. (RNA) Stock Price, News, Quote & History - Yahoo Finance
Avidity Biosciences, Inc. (RNA) Stock Price, News, Quote & History - Yahoo Finance (finance.yahoo.com)
De Novo Synthesis of Elastin by Exogenous Delivery of Synthetic Modified mRNA into Skin and Elastin-Deficient Cells: Molecular...
De Novo Synthesis of Elastin by Exogenous Delivery of Synthetic Modified mRNA into Skin and Elastin-Deficient Cells: Molecular... (cell.com)
Find Research outputs - Discovery - the University of Dundee Research Portal
Find Research outputs - Discovery - the University of Dundee Research Portal (discovery.dundee.ac.uk)
Fundación Instituto Roche - Glosario de genética
Fundación Instituto Roche - Glosario de genética (institutoroche.es)
CDC Responds to Approval of New Flu Antiviral Drug | CDC
CDC Responds to Approval of New Flu Antiviral Drug | CDC (cdc.gov)
Stephen K. Burley, M.D., D.Phil. - Google Scholar
Stephen K. Burley, M.D., D.Phil. - Google Scholar (scholar.google.pl)
Pediatric Enteroviral Infections: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Pediatric Enteroviral Infections: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Tissue expression of YAF2 - Staining in ovary - The Human Protein Atlas
Tissue expression of YAF2 - Staining in ovary - The Human Protein Atlas (proteinatlas.org)
Tissue expression of SLC25A13 - Staining in ovary - The Human Protein Atlas
Tissue expression of SLC25A13 - Staining in ovary - The Human Protein Atlas (proteinatlas.org)
Tissue expression of CD74 - Staining in gallbladder - The Human Protein Atlas
Tissue expression of CD74 - Staining in gallbladder - The Human Protein Atlas (proteinatlas.org)
Tissue expression of MRE11 - Staining in breast - The Human Protein Atlas
Tissue expression of MRE11 - Staining in breast - The Human Protein Atlas (proteinatlas.org)
Tissue expression of ZDHHC6 - Staining in salivary gland - The Human Protein Atlas
Tissue expression of ZDHHC6 - Staining in salivary gland - The Human Protein Atlas (proteinatlas.org)
Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDC
Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDC (cdc.gov)
What's New for Treating Flu? CDC Antiviral Drug Recommendations
What's New for Treating Flu? CDC Antiviral Drug Recommendations (medscape.com)
What's New for Treating Flu? CDC Antiviral Drug Recommendations
What's New for Treating Flu? CDC Antiviral Drug Recommendations (medscape.com)
EMA: Neue Therapien für Krebs, Influenza und erhöhten Augeninnendruck
EMA: Neue Therapien für Krebs, Influenza und erhöhten Augeninnendruck (medscape.com)