RNA Caps
Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some heterogeneous nuclear RNAs. These structures, which are positively charged, protect the above specified RNAs at their termini against attack by phosphatases and other nucleases and promote mRNA function at the level of initiation of translation. Analogs of the RNA caps (RNA CAP ANALOGS), which lack the positive charge, inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis.
RNA Cap Analogs
Methyltransferases
Guanosine
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
S-Adenosylmethionine
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
Methylation
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
RNA Splicing
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
RNA, Ribosomal
The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA, Bacterial
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
RNA Polymerase II
RNA, Fungal
RNA Stability
RNA, Antisense
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
RNA, Small Nuclear
Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
Nucleic Acid Conformation
RNA Precursors
RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.
RNA, Untranslated
Base Sequence
Sequence Analysis, RNA
RNA, Protozoan
RNA, Plant
RNA Ligase (ATP)
DEAD-box RNA Helicases
RNA Polymerase III
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA, Nuclear
RNA, Spliced Leader
RNA Polymerase I
Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo. (1/1294)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds to the mRNA 5' cap and brings the mRNA into a complex with other protein synthesis initiation factors and ribosomes. The activity of mammalian eIF4E is important for the translation of capped mRNAs and is thought to be regulated by two mechanisms. First, eIF4E is sequestered by binding proteins, such as 4EBP1, in quiescent cells. Mitogens induce the release of eIF4E by stimulating the phosphorylation of 4EBP1. Second, mitogens and stresses induce the phosphorylation of eIF4E at Ser 209, increasing the affinity of eIF4E for capped mRNA and for an associated scaffolding protein, eIF4G. We previously showed that a mitogen- and stress-activated kinase, Mnk1, phosphorylates eIF4E in vitro at the physiological site. Here we show that Mnk1 regulates eIF4E phosphorylation in vivo. Mnk1 binds directly to eIF4G and copurifies with eIF4G and eIF4E. We identified activating phosphorylation sites in Mnk1 and developed dominant-negative and activated mutants. Expression of dominant-negative Mnk1 reduces mitogen-induced eIF4E phosphorylation, while expression of activated Mnk1 increases basal eIF4E phosphorylation. Activated mutant Mnk1 also induces extensive phosphorylation of eIF4E in cells overexpressing 4EBP1. This suggests that phosphorylation of eIF4E is catalyzed by Mnk1 or a very similar kinase in cells and is independent of other mitogenic signals that release eIF4E from 4EBP1. (+info)Oligonucleotide-europium complex conjugate designed to cleave the 5' cap structure of the ICAM-1 transcript potentiates antisense activity in cells. (2/1294)
The 5' cap structure of mRNA is a N7 methylated guanosine residue that is linked by a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage to the 5'-terminus of cellular and viral RNAs synthesized by RNA polymerase II. This unique structure facilitates several processes of mRNA metabolism, including splicing, nucleocytoplasmic transport,initiation of translation, and degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that the lanthanide macrocycle complex, Eu(THED)3+, effectively cleaves the 5' cap structure of mRNA in solution by nucleophilic attack of the triphosphate linkage via the metal-activated hydroxyethyl group of the THED ligand. This report shows that attachment of a Eu(THED)3+analog to the 3'-terminus of an antisense oligonucleotide, which targets the 5'-terminus of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA, potentiates the inhibitory activity of the antisense oligonucleotide in cytokine-treatedendothelial cells. (+info)Interaction of the U1 snRNP with nonconserved intronic sequences affects 5' splice site selection. (3/1294)
Intron definition and splice site selection occur at an early stage during assembly of the spliceosome, the complex mediating pre-mRNA splicing. Association of U1 snRNP with the pre-mRNA is required for these early steps. We report here that the yeast U1 snRNP-specific protein Nam8p is a component of the commitment complexes, the first stable complexes assembled on pre-mRNA. In vitro and in vivo, Nam8p becomes indispensable for efficient 5' splice site recognition when this process is impaired as a result of the presence of noncanonical 5' splice sites or the absence of a cap structure. Nam8p stabilizes commitment complexes in the latter conditions. Consistent with this, Nam8p interacts with the pre-mRNA downstream of the 5' splice site, in a region of nonconserved sequence. Substitutions in this region affect splicing efficiency and alternative splice site choice in a Nam8p-dependent manner. Therefore, Nam8p is involved in a novel mechanism by which a snRNP component can affect splice site choice and regulate intron removal through its interaction with a nonconserved sequence. This supports a model where early 5' splice recognition results from a network of interactions established by the splicing machinery with various regions of the pre-mRNA. (+info)The cis acting sequences responsible for the differential decay of the unstable MFA2 and stable PGK1 transcripts in yeast include the context of the translational start codon. (4/1294)
A general pathway of mRNA turnover has been described for yeast in which the 3' poly(A) tail is first deadenylated to an oligo(A) length, leading to decapping and subsequent 5'-3' exonucleolytic decay. The unstable MFA2 mRNA and the stable PGK1 mRNAs both decay through this pathway, albeit at different rates of deadenylation and decapping. To determine the regions of the mRNAs that are responsible for these differences, we examined the decay of chimeric mRNAs derived from the 5' untranslated, coding, and 3' untranslated regions of these two mRNAs. These experiments have led to the identification of the features of these mRNAs that lead to their different stabilities. The MFA2 mRNA is unstable solely because its 3' UTR promotes the rates of deadenylation and decapping; all other features of this mRNA are neutral with respect to mRNA decay rates. The PGK1 mRNA is stable because the sequence context of the PGK1 translation start codon and the coding region function together to stabilize the transcript, whereas the PGK13' UTR is neutral with respect to decay. Importantly, changes in the PGK1 start codon context that destabilized the transcript also reduced its translational efficiency. This observation suggests that the nature of the translation initiation complex modulates the rates of mRNA decapping and decay. (+info)Analysis of mutations in the yeast mRNA decapping enzyme. (5/1294)
A major mechanism of mRNA decay in yeast is initiated by deadenylation, followed by mRNA decapping, which exposes the transcript to 5' to 3' exonucleolytic degradation. The decapping enzyme that removes the 5' cap structure is encoded by the DCP1 gene. To understand the function of the decapping enzyme, we used alanine scanning mutagenesis to create 31 mutant versions of the enzyme, and we examined the effects of the mutations both in vivo and in vitro. Two types of mutations that affected mRNA decapping in vivo were identified, including a temperature-sensitive allele. First, two mutants produced decapping enzymes that were defective for decapping in vitro, suggesting that these mutated residues are required for enzymatic activity. In contrast, several mutants that moderately affected mRNA decapping in vivo yielded decapping enzymes that had at least the same specific activity as the wild-type enzyme in vitro. Combination of alleles within this group yielded decapping enzymes that showed a strong loss of function in vivo, but that still produced fully active enzymes in vitro. This suggested that interactions of the decapping enzyme with other factors may be required for efficient decapping in vivo, and that these particular mutations may be disrupting such interactions. Interestingly, partial loss of decapping activity in vivo led to a defect in normal deadenylation-dependent decapping, but it did not affect the rapid deadenylation-independent decapping triggered by early nonsense codons. This observation suggested that these two types of mRNA decapping differ in their requirements for the decapping enzyme. (+info)Identification of a nucleic acid binding domain in eukaryotic initiation factor eIFiso4G from wheat. (6/1294)
Higher plants have two complexes that bind the m7G-cap structure of mRNA and mediate interactions between mRNA and ribosomal subunits, designated eIF4F and eIFiso4F. Both complexes contain a small subunit that binds the 5'-cap structure of mRNA, and a large subunit, eIF4G or eIFiso4G, that binds other translation factors and RNA. Sequence-specific proteases were used to cleave native cap-binding complexes into structural domains, which were purified by affinity chromatography. We show here that eIFiso4G contains a central protease-resistant domain that binds specifically to nucleic acids. This domain spans Gln170 to Glu443 and includes four of the six homology blocks shared by eIFiso4G and eIF4G. A slightly shorter overlapping sequence, from Gly202 to Lys445, had no nucleic acid binding activity, indicating that the N-terminal end of the nucleic acid binding site lies within Gln170 to Arg201. The binding of the central domain and native eIFiso4F to RNA homopolymers and double- and single-stranded DNAs was studied. Both molecules had highest affinity for poly(G) and recognized single- and double-stranded sequences. (+info)A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA 5'-triphosphatase related to mRNA capping enzyme. (7/1294)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA capping enzyme consists of two subunits: the RNA 5'-triphosphatase (Cet1) and the mRNA guanylyltransferase (Ceg1). Using computer homology searching, a S. cerevisiae gene was identified that encodes a protein resembling the C-terminal region of Cet1. Accordingly, we designated this gene CTL1 (capping enzyme RNAtriphosphatase-like 1). CTL1 is not essential for cell viability and no genetic or physical interactions with the capping enzyme genes were observed. The protein is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recombinant Ctl1 protein releases gamma-phosphate from the 5'-end of RNA to produce a diphosphate terminus. The enzyme is specific for polynucleotide RNA in the presence of magnesium, but becomes specific for nucleotide triphosphates in the presence of manganese. Ctl1 is the second member of the yeast RNA triphosphatase family, but is probably involved in an RNA processing event other than mRNA capping. (+info)Alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs serve as cap donors for tomato spotted wilt virus transcription during coinfection of Nicotiana benthamiana. (8/1294)
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was shown to use alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs as cap donors in vivo during a mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. By use of nested reverse transcription-PCR, TSWV N and NSs mRNAs provided with capped leader sequences derived from all four AMV RNAs could be cloned and sequenced. The sequence specificity of the putative TSWV endonuclease involved is discussed. (+info)
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Five-prime cap
Nuclear export of RNA is regulated by the cap binding complex (CBC), which binds exclusively to 7-methylguanylate-capped RNA. ... "ab initio capping mechanism". For capping with 7-methylguanylate, the capping enzyme complex (CEC) binds to RNA polymerase II ... The 5′ cap is chemically similar to the 3′ end of an RNA molecule (the 5′ carbon of the cap ribose is bonded, and the 3′ ... Mitochondrial mRNA and chloroplastic mRNA are not capped. In eukaryotes, the 5′ cap (cap-0), found on the 5′ end of an mRNA ...
Ap4A
It serves as a substrate for the RNA polymerase and the intracellular levels of these capped RNAs increase upon stress, ... Ap4A can also be incorporated into RNA as a 5' Cap along with other dinucleoside polyphosphates. ... suggesting that the cap adds a level of stability to the RNA. Myxococcus xanthus is a type of Gram-negative bacteria, and M. ... RNA caps in bacteria". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 1052. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.1052H. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14896-8. ISSN ...
Cap-independent translation element
In molecular biology, a cap-independent translation element (CITE or 3'CITE) is an RNA sequence found in the 3'UTR of many RNA ... In RNA2 of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) the cap-independent translation element is required for negative strand RNA ... Nicholson, BL; White, KA (Nov 2011). "3' Cap-independent translation enhancers of positive-strand RNA plant viruses". Current ... An, M; Iwakawa, HO; Mine, A; Kaido, M; Mise, K; Okuno, T (Sep 15, 2010). "A Y-shaped RNA structure in the 3' untranslated ...
Plant virus
The resulting capped leader RNA is used to prime transcription on the viral genome. However some plant viruses do not use cap, ... 2006). "Cap-independent translation of plant viral RNAs". Virus Research. 119 (1): 63-75. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.010. ... Some viruses are cap-snatchers. During this process, a 7mG-capped host mRNA is recruited by the viral transcriptase complex and ... Instead, the naked viral RNA may alter the function of the cells through a mechanism similar to RNA interference, in which the ...
RNGTT
2001). "HIV-1 Tat protein interacts with mammalian capping enzyme and stimulates capping of TAR RNA". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (16): ... Pillutla RC, Yue Z, Maldonado E, Shatkin AJ (1998). "Recombinant human mRNA cap methyltransferase binds capping enzyme/RNA ... 2004). "The Tat/TAR-dependent phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain stimulates cotranscriptional capping of ... Pillutla RC, Shimamoto A, Furuichi Y, Shatkin AJ (Jan 1999). "Human mRNA capping enzyme (RNGTT) and cap methyltransferase (RNMT ...
Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2
... essential motifs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA capping enzyme are conserved in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and viral capping ... Hz2V093 is similar to HzNV-1 ORF65, and it may play a role in RNA capping while not being essential for virus replication. ... Wu X, Guarino LA (March 2003). "Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus orf69 encodes an RNA cap (nucleoside-2'-O)- ... Hz2V063 shows homology to the N-terminal region of the nudivirus and baculovirus LEF-9. It may, then, have a part in RNA ...
Richard H. Ebright
Heyduk, T.; Lee, J.; Ebright, Y.; Blatter, E.; Zhou, Y.; Ebright, R. H. (1993). "CAP interacts with RNA polymerase in solution ... "Structural organization of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme and the RNA polymerase-promoter open complex". Cell. 108 (5): ... Kapanidis, A. N.; Margeat, E.; Ho, S. O.; Kortkhonjia, E.; Weiss, S.; Ebright, R. H. (2006). "Initial transcription by RNA ... Revyakin, A.; Liu, C.; Ebright, R. H.; Strick, T. (2006). "Abortive initiation and productive initiation by RNA polymerase ...
Phenuiviridae
RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at ... Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. Some ... Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes ... "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever ...
Polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase
Wen Y, Yue Z, Shatkin AJ (October 1998). "Mammalian capping enzyme binds RNA and uses protein tyrosine phosphatase mechanism". ... Transcription (genetics) Five-prime cap Gross CH, Shuman S (September 1998). "Characterization of a baculovirus-encoded RNA 5′- ... terminal γ-β phosphoanhydride bond of nascent messenger RNA molecules, enabling the addition of a five-prime cap as part of ... Bisaillon M, Bougie I (September 2003). "Investigating the role of metal ions in the catalytic mechanism of the yeast RNA ...
Victoria Cowling
... "mRNA Cap Methyltransferase, RNMT-RAM, Promotes RNA Pol II-Dependent Transcription". Cell Reports. 23 (5): 1530-1542. doi: ... In 2017, Cowling was awarded an ERC consolidator grant to investigate mRNA cap regulation and function in CD8 T cells. In 2018 ... Cowling, Victoria H.; Cole, Michael D. (15 April 2007). "HATs Off to Capping: A New Mechanism for Myc". Cell Cycle. 6 (8): 907- ... Cowling, Victoria H. (15 January 2010). "Regulation of mRNA cap methylation". Biochemical Journal. 425 (2): 295-302. doi: ...
Five prime untranslated region
RNA. 14 (10): 2159-69. doi:10.1261/rna.1089208. PMC 2553737. PMID 18755843. Akulich, Kseniya A.; Andreev, Dmitry E.; Terenin, ... This has been observed in Xenopus laevis, in which eIF4E bound to the 5′ cap interacts with Maskin bound to CPEB on the 3′ UTR ... RNA. 12 (5): 851-61. doi:10.1261/rna.2309906. PMC 1440912. PMID 16540693. Benelli, D; Londei, P (January 2011). "Translation ... RNA-binding proteins sometimes serve to prevent the pre-initiation complex from forming. An example is regulation of the msl2 ...
MTORC1
Babendure JR, Babendure JL, Ding JH, Tsien RY (May 2006). "Control of mammalian translation by mRNA structure near caps". RNA. ... Once the initiation complex is assembled at the 5' cap of mRNA, it will recruit the 40S small ribosomal subunit that is now ... doi:10.1261/rna.2309906. PMC 1440912. PMID 16540693. Lee T, Pelletier J (January 2012). "Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F: a ... cap of mRNA and will recruit the helicase eukaryotic translation initiation factor A (eIF4A) and its cofactor eukaryotic ...
MRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
Pillutla RC, Yue Z, Maldonado E, Shatkin AJ (Sep 1998). "Recombinant human mRNA cap methyltransferase binds capping enzyme/RNA ... Purification and characterization of cap I and cap II RNA (nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferases from HeLa cells". J. Biol. Chem. ... Groner Y, Gilboa E, Aviv H (1978). "Methylation and capping of RNA polymerase II primary transcripts by HeLa nuclear ... Wen Y, Shatkin AJ (2001). "Cap methyltransferase selective binding and methylation of GpppG-RNA are stimulated by importin-α". ...
Cell nucleus
The three main modifications are 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing. While in the nucleus, pre-mRNA is associated ... In the case of genes encoding proteins, that RNA produced from this process is messenger RNA (mRNA), which then needs to be ... Matera AG, Terns RM, Terns MP (March 2007). "Non-coding RNAs: lessons from the small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs". Review ... CBs are involved in a number of different roles relating to RNA processing, specifically small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small ...
ORF1ab
... capped RNA by cap-dependent translation. Nidoviruses have a complex system of discontinuous subgenomic RNA production to enable ... Posthuma CC, Te Velthuis AJ, Snijder EJ (April 2017). "Nidovirus RNA polymerases: Complex enzymes handling exceptional RNA ... replication of very large RNA genomes despite the relatively low-fidelity replication mechanism of the viral RNA-dependent RNA ... RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a zinc-binding domain, and a helicase. (This is sometimes considered seven domains, ...
FANTOM
Following cap trapping, the cDNA is separated from the RNA-cDNA hybrid. A double-stranded CAGE linker that is also biotinylated ... The non-coding RNA were identified as antisense RNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), poorly understood classes of regulatory ... The cap trapper method is then employed to ensure selection of full length cDNA. This entails adding biotin to the 5' cap, and ... Further efforts found a genomically and evolutionary widespread new class of RNAs, called transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNA ...
Brome mosaic virus
... involved in RNA capping. RNA2 (2.9 kb) encodes the 2a protein (94 kDa), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, responsible for ... BMV has a genome that is divided into three 5' capped RNAs. RNA1 (3.2 kb) encodes a protein called 1a (109 kDa), which contains ... Ahola, T.; Ahlquist, P. (1999). "Putative RNA capping activities encoded by brome mosaic virus: Methylation and covalent ... The sequence similarities of RNA replication genes and strategies for BMV have been shown to extend to a wide range of plant ...
PRPF8
RNA. 2 (3): 213-25. PMC 1369364. PMID 8608445. Hinz M, Moore MJ, Bindereif A (Aug 1996). "Domain analysis of human U5 RNA. Cap ... Grainger RJ, Beggs JD (May 2005). "Prp8 protein: at the heart of the spliceosome". RNA. 11 (5): 533-57. doi:10.1261/rna.2220705 ... Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Achsel T, Ahrens K, Brahms H, Teigelkamp S, Lührmann R (Nov 1998). "The human U5-220kD protein (hPrp8) forms a stable RNA-free ...
Capping enzyme
When this complex of RNA polymerase II and the capping enzymes is achieved, the capping enzymes are able to add the cap to the ... cap is therefore specific to RNAs synthesized by this polymerase rather than those synthesized by RNA polymerase I or RNA ... A capping enzyme (CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the ... Last, RNA methyltransferase transfers a methyl group to the guanosine cap to yield 7-methylguanosine cap that is attached to ...
MRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
... pppR-RNA, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and m7G(5')pppRm-RNA (mRNA containing a 2'-O-methylpurine cap). ... Groner Y, Gilboa E, Aviv H (1978). "Methylation and capping of RNA polymerase II primary transcripts by HeLa nuclear ... pppRm-RNA (mRNA containing a 2'-O-methylpurine cap) Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and m7G(5 ... Other names in common use include messenger ribonucleate nucleoside 2'-methyltransferase, and messenger RNA (nucleoside-2'-)- ...
MRNA guanylyltransferase
Other names in common use include mRNA capping enzyme, messenger RNA guanylyltransferase, and Protein 2. As of late 2007, 5 ... Groner Y, Gilboa E, Aviv H (1978). "Methylation and capping of RNA polymerase II primary transcripts by HeLa nuclear ... Itoh N, Yamada H, Kaziro Y, Mizumoto K (1987). "Messenger RNA guanylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Large scale ... Martin SA, Moss B (1975). "Modification of RNA by mRNA guanylyltransferase and mRNA (guanine-7-)methyltransferase from vaccinia ...
Phycodnaviridae
Ho, C. K.; Van Etten, J. L.; Shuman, S. (1996). "Expression and characterization of an RNA capping enzyme encoded by Chlorella ... The PBCV-1 enzymes are more closely related to yeast enzymes than to poxvirus multifunctional RNA capping enzymes according to ... Ho, C. K.; Gong, C.; Shuman, S. (2001). "RNA Triphosphatase Component of the mRNA Capping Apparatus of Paramecium bursaria ... As PBCV-1 lacks an RNA polymerase gene, the virus must use the host cell's machinery to produce viral RNA. Thus, the viral DNA ...
EIF4E2
"Weak binding affinity of human 4EHP for mRNA cap analogs". RNA. 13 (5): 691-697. doi:10.1261/rna.453107. PMC 1852817. PMID ... Okumura F, Zou W, Zhang DE (February 2007). "ISG15 modification of the eIF4E cognate 4EHP enhances cap structure-binding ... May 1998). "Cloning and characterization of 4EHP, a novel mammalian eIF4E-related cap-binding protein". The Journal of ...
TGS1
"Interaction between the small-nuclear-RNA cap hypermethylase and the spinal muscular atrophy protein, survival of motor neuron ... Mouaikel J, Verheggen C, Bertrand E, Tazi J, Bordonné R (May 2002). "Hypermethylation of the cap structure of both yeast snRNAs ...
Cap binding complex
The 5' cap of eukaryotic messenger RNA is bound at all times by various cap-binding complexes (CBCs). In the nucleus, freshly ... cap by the nuclear cap-binding complex of Cbc1/Cbc2 in yeast or CBP20/CBP80 in metazoans. These aid in the export of the mRNA ... When translationally repressed or marked for decay by various mechanisms the 5' cap is bound by the mRNA decapping enzyme DCP2 ... The decapping enzyme removes the 5' cap leading to destruction of the message. Isken, O.; Maquat, L.E. (2007), "Quality control ...
Nidovirales
Member viruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. ... Nidoviruses have a viral envelope and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome which is capped and polyadenylated. The ... TM2 and TM3 and transmembrane domains; RdRp is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; Zm is a Zn-cluster binding domain fused with a ... nidovirus subgenomic RNAs contain a 5′ leader sequence derived from the 5′ end of the genomic RNA. The frameshift that ...
Caenorhabditis elegans small RNAs
These sRNAs contain a characteristic 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap structure that identifies them as non-coding RNAs that ... Immunoprecipitation using antibodies against TMG and RNA microarrays were used to identify these sRNA. sbRNA SmY RNA Bacillus ... Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, RNA, Non-coding RNA, Nematode nucleic acids). ... "Systematic identification of non-coding RNA 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structures in Caenorhabditis elegans". BMC Molecular ...
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD77
"Guide RNAs with 5' caps and novel box C/D snoRNA-like domains for modification of snRNAs in metazoa". Current Biology. 14 (22 ... Page for Small nucleolar RNA SNORD77 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and ...
Small Cajal body specific RNA 17
Tycowski KT, Aab A, Steitz JA (November 2004). "Guide RNAs with 5' caps and novel box C/D snoRNA-like domains for modification ... Small Cajal body-specific RNA 17 (also known as U12-22 scaRNA) is a type of small nuclear RNA which localises to the cajal ... Page for small Cajal body-specific RNA 17 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular ... This family includes only the 5' C/D box domain (U12-22) as the 3' C/D box is represented by Small Cajal body specific RNA 18. ...
Small nucleolar RNA U2-19
Tycowski KT, Aab A, Steitz JA (November 2004). "Guide RNAs with 5' caps and novel box C/D snoRNA-like domains for modification ... It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA U2-19 belongs to the C/D box ... Page for Small nucleolar RNA U2-19 at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Small nuclear RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and ... In molecular biology, the Small nucleolar RNA U2-19 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of ...
Caspase-activated DNase
Lai SK, Wong CH, Lee YP, Li HY (June 2011). "Caspase-3-mediated degradation of condensin Cap-H regulates mitotic cell death". ... Hillman RT, Green RE, Brenner SE (2005). "An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance". Genome Biology. 5 (2): R8. doi:10.1186/ ...
Bacillus virus phi29
Versatility in RNA structure and function provides the ability to assemble nanoparticles for nanomedicinal therapeutics. The ... Both 5' ends of the genome are capped with a covalently bonded terminal protein (p3) that complexes with DNA polymerase during ... Φ29 has a unique DNA packaging motor structure that employs prohead packaging RNA (pRNA) to guide the translocation of the ... Guo, Peixuan; Zhang, Chunlin; Chen, Chaoping; Garver, Kyle; Trottier, Mark (1998-07-01). "Inter-RNA Interaction of Phage φ29 ...
CDC73
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Parafibromin, LEO1, PAF1, and CTR9 form the PAF protein complex, which associates with the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A and ... "Entrez Gene: CDC73 Cell division cycle 73, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae)". Sood R, Bonner ... Cell division cycle 73, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component, homolog (S. cerevisiae), also known as CDC73 and parafibromin ...
Caspase 10
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... 1997). "A serine/arginine-rich nuclear matrix cyclophilin interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II". Nucleic ...
R100
... was constructed at the former RNAS Air Station Howden in Yorkshire, a remote location 3 mi (5 km) from Howden and 25 mi ( ... and it was returned to the shed where the original tail section was replaced by a hemispherical cap designed and made by the ...
Short interspersed nuclear element
RNA pseudogenes are reverse transcribed RNA genes). Pseudogenes are generally functionless as they descend from processed RNAs ... Cai X, Hagedorn CH, Cullen BR (December 2004). "Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can ... For example, the 5' of the Alu sine is derived from 7SL RNA, a sequence transcribed by RNA Polymerase III which codes for the ... Short-interspersed nuclear elements are transcribed by RNA polymerase III which is known to transcribe ribosomal RNA and tRNA, ...
Ustilaginomycotina
5S rRNA In 1985 Gottschalk and Blanz did a study about the 5s ribosomal RNA and distinguished two types of structures in the ... In contrast to the Pucciniomycotina, the Ustilaginomycotina has a septal pore with a membrane cap or it is poreless. It does ...
RNA-targeting small molecule drugs
... the guanosine analog prodrug is used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping by incorporating into RNA and pairing ... RNA Complexation That Target the RNA: Specific Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 TAR RNA by Small Organic ... Additionally, HIV-1 RNA has been targeted extensively in vitro by RNA-binding small molecules. In 2007, Miller and coworkers ... An NMR structure of the RNA in complex with DB213, showed that the small molecule bound to the major groove of the RNA duplex. ...
SAV1
"SAV1 salvador family WW domain containing protein 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a ... and RNA splicing. This gene encodes a protein which contains 2 WW domains and a coiled-coil region. It is ubiquitously ... simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/ ...
60S ribosomal protein L7
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... In vitro the BZIP-like domain mediates homodimerization and stable binding to DNA and RNA, with a preference for 28S rRNA and ... Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ...
RNASEH1
2003). "Human RNase H1 uses one tryptophan and two lysines to position the enzyme at the 3'-DNA/5'-RNA terminus of the ... and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped ... The RNase H1 is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism. GRCh38: Ensembl ... 2008). "Specific recognition of RNA/DNA hybrid and enhancement of human RNase H1 activity by HBD". EMBO J. 27 (7): 1172-81. doi ...
Maxwell Hendry Maxwell-Anderson
Anderson appeared for the Admiralty in the first of these cases, which involved the sinking of SMS Cap Trafalgar by HMS ... Among these were: SMS Königsberg, scuttled July 1915 in the Rufiji River in east Africa: the first RNAS claim. Motion upheld. ...
Retortamonas
Through comparison of Retortamonas haplotypes of ribosomal RNA subunits and network analysis between mammal-, amphibian-, and ... forming a cap of the cell with a thickened cyst wall. The cysts also contain a distinct anterior nucleus, but the flagella ...
Enzyme inhibitor
An example of a toxic peptide is alpha-amanitin, which is found in relatives of the death cap mushroom. This is a potent enzyme ... inhibitor, in this case preventing the RNA polymerase II enzyme from transcribing DNA. The algal toxin microcystin is also a ...
Glossary of English-language idioms derived from baseball
In baseball, a rally cap is a baseball cap worn while inside-out and/or backwards or in another unconventional manner by ... That's what puts runs on the scoreboard and delivers value to members or customers". headline: "For RNA polymerase, it's one ... The rally cap is primarily a baseball superstition. The term may also be used by other groups, such as stock market traders. ... headline: "Muni Market Traders Keep Their Rally Caps On" - Patrick McGee, The Bond Buyer, 15 April 2011. In baseball a relief ...
TDRKH
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Lamb FS, Barna TJ, Goud C, Marenholz I, Mischke D, Schutte BC (May 2000). "Complex RNA processing of TDRKH, a novel gene ... encoding the putative RNA-binding tudor and KH domains". Gene. 246 (1-2): 209-18. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00087-1. PMID ...
7SK RNA
The gamma phosphate at the 5' end of 7SK is methylated by the methylphosphate capping enzyme MEPCE which is a constitutive ... Diribarne G, Bensaude O (2009). "7SK RNA, a non-coding RNA regulating P-TEFb, a general transcription factor". RNA Biology. 6 ( ... 2): 122-8. doi:10.4161/rna.6.2.8115. PMID 19246988. Peterlin BM, Brogie JE, Price DH (2012). "7SK snRNA: a noncoding RNA that ... Yang Z, Zhu Q, Luo K, Zhou Q (November 2001). "The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits the CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase to control ...
MIR195
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
CD79B
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Hashimoto S, Chiorazzi N, Gregersen PK (1995). "Alternative splicing of CD79a (Ig-alpha/mb-1) and CD79b (Ig-beta/B29) RNA ...
RBM7
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... RNA-binding motif protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM7 gene. RBM7 has been shown to interact with SF3B2 ... "Entrez Gene: RBM7 RNA binding motif protein 7". Guo TB, Boros LG, Chan KC, Hikim AP, Hudson AP, Swerdloff RS, Mitchell AP, ... "Spermatogenetic expression of RNA-binding motif protein 7, a protein that interacts with splicing factors". Journal of ...
Turkeypox virus
... a seven-subunit RNA polymerase, the heterodimeric capping enzyme/ termination protein, and the heterodimeric poly(A) polymerase ... Also important for transcription is a capsidated RNA helicase, and two NTPases. These early transcripts are released from the ...
MIR517C
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
Orthohantavirus
The L segment, 6.8-12 kb in length, encodes the L protein which functions primarily as the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ... As a result of this cap snatching, the mRNAs of hantaviruses are capped and contain nontemplated 5'-terminal extensions. The G1 ... RNAs suggest a prime-and-realign mechanism for the initiation of RNA synthesis". Journal of Virology. 69 (9): 5754-5762. doi: ... The virally encoded RNA polymerase is also found in the interior. By mass, the virion is greater than 50% protein, 20-30% lipid ...
COG8
"Entrez Gene: COG8 component of oligomeric golgi complex 8". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to ... 2001). "A functional interaction between the survival motor neuron complex and RNA polymerase II". J. Cell Biol. 152 (1): 75-85 ... replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1-2): 171-4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94) ...
Picornavirus
Internal ribosome entry sites are RNA structures that allow cap-independent initiation of translation, and are able to initiate ... strand RNA genome is replicated through a double-stranded RNA intermediate that is formed using viral RNA-dependent RNA ... Genomic RNAs of picornaviruses possess multiple RNA elements, and they are required for both negative- and positive-strand RNA ... The genome RNA is unusual because it has a protein on the 5' end that is used as a primer for transcription by RNA polymerase. ...
MicroRNA 210
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
ST motif
They have thus often been described as helix capping features. A related motif is the asx motif which has aspartate or ... Milner-White, EJ; Pietras Z; Luisi BF (2010). "An ancient anion-binding structural module in RNA and DNA helicases". Proteins. ... Presta, LG; Rose GD (1988). "Helix Caps". Science. 240 (4859): 1632-1641. doi:10.1126/science.2837824. PMID 2837824. Doig, AJ; ... Aurora, R; Rose GD (1998). "Helix Capping". Protein Science. 7 (1): 21-38. doi:10.1002/pro.5560070103. PMC 2143812. PMID ...
MUS81
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... Blais V, Gao H, Elwell CA, Boddy MN, Gaillard PH, Russell P, McGowan CH (Feb 2004). "RNA interference inhibition of Mus81 ...
CSTF2T
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... "Entrez Gene: CSTF2T cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 2, 64kDa, tau variant". Human CSTF2T genome location and ...
TPM2
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ... "A nonmuscle tropomyosin is encoded by the smooth/skeletal beta-tropomyosin gene and its RNA is transcribed from an internal ... Heterozygous mutations in TPM2 have been identified in patients with congenital cap myopathy, a rare disorder defined by cap- ... Clarke NF, Domazetovska A, Waddell L, Kornberg A, McLean C, North KN (May 2009). "Cap disease due to mutation of the beta- ...
Does NudC decap canonical G-capped RNA? | NEB
cap-feat-rna-seq | RNA-Seq Blog
What is RNA-Seq?. long RNAs are first converted into a library of cDNA fragments through either RNA fragmentation or DNA ... Quantification of LINE-1 RNA Expression from Bulk RNA-seq Using L1EM ... Time-course RNA-Seq profiling reveals isoform-level gene expression dynamics of the cGAS-STING pathway ... ADAMTS9-AS1 Long Non‑coding RNA Sponges miR‑128 and miR-150 to Regulate Ras/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Glioma ...
Investigating RNA cap regulation in colorectal cancer | Studentships | Education
Our analysis of CRC will focus on RNA cap formation, a critical stage in RNA maturation that directs which genes are expressed ... Biochemical analyses will be used to characterise RNA capping enzyme functions and advanced RNA/DNA sequencing methods will be ... RNA cap methyltransferase RNMT promotes ribosome biogenesis via TOP-RNA in T cells Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jun 14:gkab465. ... Investigating RNA cap regulation in colorectal cancer Prof Vicky Cowling & Prof Owen Sansom. APPLY HERE. Labs: Gene Regulation ...
Two aromatic residues in the PB2 subunit of influenza A RNA polymerase are crucial for cap binding. - Immunology
The purpose of the present study was to test whether a similar cap recognition mechanism had independently evolved for the RNA ... Thus, our results favor a similar mechanism of cap binding by the influenza RNA polymerase as in the evolutionary unrelated ... in the PB2 subunit of the viral RNA polymerase that are essential for cap binding. The aromaticity of these two residues is ... and the nuclear cap-binding protein CBP20 showed that the recognition of the cap structure is achieved by the same general ...
Circular RNAs throw genetics for a loop | Nature
RNA sponges mop up sequences that curb gene expression. ... Circular RNAs cap-independent translation protein and its ... Instead, the predominance of linear RNAs may have been the artefact. Typical RNA-sequencing methods isolate only those mol- ... But advances in sequencing have allowed biologists to accumulate large data sets of RNA sequences, including some from RNA ... They reported finding a plethora of circular human RNAs while searching for RNA molecules that conventional methods might have ...
Detection and classification of peaks in 5' cap RNA sequencing data - Murdoch University Research Repository
2013) Detection and classification of peaks in 5 cap RNA sequencing data. BMC Genomics, 14 (Suppl 5). S9. ... Integrating additional datasets is shown to provide minor gains in recall, in comparison to using only the cap-sequencing data. ... The large-scale sequencing of 5 cap enriched cDNA promises to reveal the diversity of transcription initiation across entire ... Addition of pooled external data or matched RNA sequencing data resulted in gains of recall with equivalent precision. ...
Impact of Cigarette Smoke on RNA-cap Modifications within HIV Infected Cells - New Jersey Research Community
... capping of HIV-specific RNA (Aim 1), and 2. Quantify NAD+-5 capping of cellular RNA following HIV infection, ART treatment and ... cap to impact RNA decay and to identify a mechanism to explain HIV latency and/or how the HIV virus alters cellular RNA to ... Kiledjian and colleagues as a 5 end NAD+ cap in eukaryotes that can promote RNA decay. Building on this work, the first goal ... Impact of Cigarette Smoke on RNA-cap Modifications within HIV Infected Cells. *Kiledjian, Mike (PI) ...
Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap
Ballasts
Our Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap is a great solution for you lighting needs! Click now and buy ... Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap. SKU: ... Write a review for Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap. ... Home, Hatch GS100-A-RNA-K HPS 100W 120V Ballast Kit - Ignitor + Cap. ...
Optimization of library preparation based on SMART for ultralow RNA-seq in mice brain tissues | BMC Genomics | Full Text
... as well as all RNA templates capped with m7G improved the sequencing sensitivity and low abundance gene detection ability. RNA- ... Here, we present a highly sensitive library construction protocol for ultralow input RNA sequencing (ulRNA-seq). We ... and template RNA structure. It was found that Maxima H Minus reverse transcriptase and rN modified TSO, ... seq libraries were successfully prepared from total RNA samples as low as 0.5 pg, and more than 2000 genes have been identified ...
mTOR and S6K1 mediate assembly of the translation preinitiation complex through dynamic protein interchange and ordered...
Decapping Enzyme NUDT12 Partners with BLMH for Cytoplasmic Surveillance of NAD-Capped RNAs - Biomolecular Condensates -...
... cap, and its removal by decapping enzymes like DCP2 is critical for initiation of RNA decay. Alternative RNA caps can be ... Here, we identify human NUDT12 as a cytosolic NAD-RNA decapping enzyme. NUDT12 is active only as homodimers, with each monomer ... Both proteins downregulate gene expression when artificially tethered to a reporter RNA in vivo. Furthermore, loss of Nudt12 ... Overall, our study points to a physiological role for NUDT12 in the cytosolic surveillance of NAD-RNAs. ...
Biblio | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University
RNA Caps. Shay KPetersen, Michels AJ, Li W, Kong A-NTony, Hagen TM. 2012. Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic ... Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response.. Biochim Biophys Acta. ... Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response.. Biochim Biophys Acta. ... Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response.. Biochim Biophys Acta. ...
Frontiers | COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So Far
Structural Basis of RNA Cap Modification by SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun (2020) 11:3718. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17496-8 ... SARS-CoV-2 is known to survive at a wide range of pH values at room temperature (pH 3-10) (13). RNA viruses like influenza A ... Detection of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in Peripheral Blood Specimens. J Transl Med (2020) 18:412. doi: 10.1186/s12967- ... Mechanism of Human Influenza Virus RNA Persistence and Virion Survival in Feces: Mucus Protects Virions From Acid and Digestive ...
Novel Orthopoxvirus and Lethal Disease in Cat, Italy - Volume 24, Number 9-September 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
RNA polymerase 132; D1R, messenger RNA capping enzyme, large subunit; D5R, DNA-independent NTPase (DNA replication); E6R, ... hypothetical protein; E9L, DNA polymerase; H4L, RNA polymerase-associated protein; and J6R, RNA polymerase 147. Gene ... We screened RNA extracts by real-time PCR or conventional reverse transcription PCR specific for carnivore coronaviruses (34) ...
protein-containing complex - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database
Positively Negative: Cellular Structure's 'Enforcer' Role Discovered by Johns Hopkins Scientists - 10/14/2010
"This was strange, because the cap of messenger RNA is supposed to be both a stabilizer and a stimulator of binding," says Jon ... The scientists then modified some messenger RNA by lopping off its chemical "cap," and left the rest intact so that when they ... The research, which focuses on the odd chemical "cap" of messenger RNA, is described in the September 24 issue of Molecular ... The team revealed that the cap - a baroque structure made of modified RNA constituents joined head to head rather than the ...
IP Update: Recent RNAi- and microRNA-Related Patents and Patent Applications: Oct 13, 2011 | GenomeWeb
Title: Compositions and Methods for Modulating Activity of Capped Small RNAs Patent Number: 8,034,922 ... The compositions contain RNA polynucleotides that can inhibit expression of a target gene via RNA interference [that are] ... The RNA polynucleotides are not covalently bound to the surface-functionalized GNRs. The method involves inhibiting expression ... "RNA interference is provided for inhibition of Rho kinase mRNA expression for treating patients with ocular disorders, ...
Max Nanao - Google Scholar
WikiGenes
Evidence was obtained that the RNA is capped. Two putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. ORF 1 coded for a 194.7 ... helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, in that order from the N to the C terminus). ORF 2 encoded a 20 kDa polypeptide that ... The 5-terminal region of the RNA genome of GVB comprises 5437 nucleotides and has been sequenced by the dideoxynucleotide ... kDa polypeptide with conserved motifs of replication-related proteins of positive-strand RNA viruses (i.e. methyltransferase, ...
Publications | Crick
The Potential of MicroRNAs in Personalized Medicine against Cancers
MiRNA genes are first transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long, capped, and polyadenylated primary miRNA precursors (pri- ... which involves long non-coding RNAs, referred to as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), acting as miRNA sponges [146]. Whether ... V. N. Kim, J. Han, and M. C. Siomi, "Biogenesis of small RNAs in animals," Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 10, no. ... G. A. Calin, C. D. Dumitru, M. Shimizu et al., "Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at ...
Tissue expression of ANKIB1 - Staining in testis - The Human Protein Atlas
RNA expression in human tissues obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) generated by the FANTOM5 project are ... TESTIS - GTEx RNA-seqi RNA-Seq data generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project from human tissues is reported ... TESTIS - HPA RNA-seqi The RNA-seq details section shows detailed information about the individual samples used for the ... RNA expressioni A summary of mRNA expression data available for current tissue based on several datasets. The mRNA expression ...
MIR636 microRNA 636 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be ... Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.. Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly. Genomic * NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38 ... microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression ... The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect ...
Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians | CDC
Baloxavir is a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor that interferes with viral RNA transcription and blocks virus replication. ... but significantly reduced nasopharyngeal influenza viral RNA levels (Kumar, 2022). ... but significantly reduced nasopharyngeal influenza viral RNA levels (Kumar, 2022). ... and the ATS-IDSA Adult CAP Guidelines. ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Long Non-Coding RNAs in Haematological Malignancies
LncRNAs are as diverse as mRNAs and they normally share the same biosynthetic machinery based on RNA polymerase II, splicing ... are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length. ... Under cap dependent translation inhibition due to stress, UCHL1 ... Circular RNAs, newcomers to the RNA list, can also function as RNA decoys [54-56]. It is generally accepted that circular RNAs ... This causes the circularization of the RNA and a tremendous increase in RNA stability, as circular RNAs lack 5′ or 3′ ends and ...
mRNA capping enzyme | NIH 3D Print Exchange
NIBR Science of Therapeutics Symposium | Novartis
There, she focuses on the structure and function of enzymes involved in viral replication and RNA capping, and their use in ... Pei-Yong Shi works on RNA virus, drug discovery, and vaccine research, with experience in both basic and translational research ... Dinucleosides S-adenosyl-L-methionine analogs as inhibitors of RNA methyltransferases. The hazards of a bisubstrate strategy ...
Combining genetic constraint with predictions of alternative splicing to prioritize deleterious splicing in rare disease...
S-CAP extends pathogenicity prediction to genetic variants that affect RNA splicing. Nat Genet. 2019;51:755-63. ... For example, variants that alter the elongation rate and transcription kinetics of RNA polymerase II [41,42,43], RNA secondary ... Conserved RNA secondary structures promote alternative splicing. RNA. 2008;14:1463-9. ... recently used RNA-seq to identify a pathogenic splicing mutation around the 3′ end of exon 5 in ASAH1 that leads to exon 6 ...
Integration of Wnt and FGF signaling in the Xenopus gastrula at TCF and Ets binding sites shows the importance of short-range...
Capped RNAs were synthesized using an mMessage mMachine (Ambion). dkk1 pCS108, β-catenin-3×FLAG pCS108 and ets2-3×FLAG pCS108 ... D) RNA in situ hybridization pattern for wnt8 and fgf8. (E) Activity of Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways at mid-gastrula. RNA in ... D) RNA in situ hybridization pattern for wnt8 and fgf8. (E) Activity of Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways at mid-gastrula. RNA in ... All RNAs were injected in 5nl or 10nl bursts along with mCherry RNA to serve as a tracer. ...
PolymeraseProteinsEnzymeGenomeDegradationVirusesSingle-strandedHelicaseCircular RNAsMoleculesMethyltransferaseDengue virusGene expressionNucleotides in lengthPolymerasesSynthesisNucleotideMaturationProteinSequencesMicroRNAsAnalogsRegulationVaccineMethylationMRNAsReplicationGeneticSubunitTranscriptionRibonucleicAbstractEukaryoticInitiationMessengerMechanismDetectionSpecificityEnzymesCovalentlyVirusVials2022InterferenceTranscriptsCellsTissuesStructuralBiochemicalNuclearExtractionStructureEukaryotesTranslationModificationStrandCellularExoNPoly
Polymerase13
- Two aromatic residues in the PB2 subunit of influenza A RNA polymerase are crucial for cap binding. (ox.ac.uk)
- The purpose of the present study was to test whether a similar cap recognition mechanism had independently evolved for the RNA polymerase of influenza virus. (ox.ac.uk)
- Combining in vivo and in vitro methods, we characterized two crucial aromatic amino acids, Phe363 and Phe404, in the PB2 subunit of the viral RNA polymerase that are essential for cap binding. (ox.ac.uk)
- Thus, our results favor a similar mechanism of cap binding by the influenza RNA polymerase as in the evolutionary unrelated VP39, eIF4E, and CBP20. (ox.ac.uk)
- miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (nih.gov)
- LncRNAs are as diverse as mRNAs and they normally share the same biosynthetic machinery based on RNA polymerase II, splicing and polyadenylation. (mdpi.com)
- The expression level of circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circ-ITCH) was identified and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in HCC cell lines. (researchsquare.com)
- Although dengue virus genome replication occurs in the cytoplasm of infected cells, it has been shown that the NS5 protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) is hyperphosphorylated at a late stage in infection and localized to the cell nucleus. (who.int)
- Pri-miRNA is typically a large RNA polymerase pol II-derived transcript whose tertiary structure forms stem loop structures. (cdc.gov)
- The pri-miRNA transcript is transcribed by RNA polymerase II. (cdc.gov)
- Transcription begins when the double-stranded DNA is unwound to allow the binding of RNA polymerase. (bostonmolecules.com)
- Once transcription is initiated, RNA polymerase is released from the DNA. (bostonmolecules.com)
- Standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be done with INCB018424 biological activity smaller amounts of RNA (20C40 ng), but quantification is hard and relies on endpoint analysis of the PCR product. (irjs.info)
Proteins12
- The recent resolution of the structure of three evolutionary unrelated cap binding proteins, the vaccinia viral protein VP39, the eukaryotic translation factor eIF4E, and the nuclear cap-binding protein CBP20 showed that the recognition of the cap structure is achieved by the same general mechanism, i.e. by "sandwiching" of the N7-methyl guanine of the cap structure between two aromatic amino acid residues. (ox.ac.uk)
- The discovery is yet another a reminder that RNA is much more than a mundane messenger -between DNA and the proteins it encodes. (nature.com)
- Rajewsky hypothesizes that circular RNA could even interact with RNA-binding proteins. (nature.com)
- Because they added a radioactive atom to the messenger RNA and fluorescent tags to the other proteins required for protein manufacture, the team could evaluate mRNA recruitment under various conditions - with and without a cap, for instance, and in the presence and absence of various other factors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Further studies revealed that when the cap was removed, the mRNA bound efficiently but indiscriminately, even when all the necessary other proteins were not present. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The cap appears to prevent the mRNA from interacting with the ribosome unless all of the required proteins are present and accounted for, according to Lorsch. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Influenza A virus contains eight RNA segments and encodes 10 viral proteins. (cdc.gov)
- Influenza A virus has eight segments of negative-stranded RNA genome and encodes 10 viral proteins ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- This is RNA and helps recreate viruses that may be required to lead the host cell into believing that viral proteins can be formed from this RNA. (healthjockey.com)
- Probably having subtle antiviral effects against the West Nile virus, it appears to have the potential association to interpret RNA into proteins. (healthjockey.com)
- RNA transport can also follow a circadian pattern, with a circadian nuclear retention driven by rhythmic expression within the nucleus of particular bodies (the paraspeckles) and circadian export to the cytoplasm driven by rhythmic proteins acting like cargo. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- The N-terminal region is associated serves directly as a template for the synthesis with the RNA capping reaction that puts a of the virus proteins. (who.int)
Enzyme7
- A KTDG motif essential for enzyme-GMP complex formation by mRNA capping enzyme is conserved at the active sites of RNA and DNA ligases. (crossref.org)
- We will use advanced mass spectrometry to analyse the RNA capping enzyme complexes in different tumour types. (gla.ac.uk)
- Biochemical analyses will be used to characterise RNA capping enzyme functions and advanced RNA/DNA sequencing methods will be used to analyse the role of these enzymes in gene regulation. (gla.ac.uk)
- The ~11 kb ss (+) RNA genome of domains that contain enzyme activities that dengue virus is capped at the 5' end but not are crucial for the replicative cycle of the poly-adenylylated and upon uncoating, virus. (who.int)
- The RNase III enzyme, Dicer, was found to cleave RNAs into ~22 nucleotide products [ 9 - 11 ]. (cdc.gov)
- [2] [3] These enveloped , positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (wikizero.com)
- 1, 2, 3 The performance of the reverse transcription (RT) response may be suffering from the enzyme, primers, nucleotides, and RNA secondary framework. (irjs.info)
Genome5
- These small RNAs orchestrate the expression of the genome at the posttranscriptional level and adapt the protein output to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli. (hindawi.com)
- The characterization and molecular cloning of the double-stranded RNA genome of an Australian strain of infectious bursal disease virus. (nchu.edu.tw)
- Its genome is about 30 kb , which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. (wikizero.com)
- [18] The genome has the usual 5′ methylated cap and a 3′ polyadenylated tail . (wikizero.com)
- The 5' methylated cap and 3' polyadenylated tail allows the positive-sense RNA genome to be directly translated by the host cell's ribosome on viral entry . (wikizero.com)
Degradation8
- Thus, these 21 [to] 23 [nucleotide] fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. (genomeweb.com)
- Poor hnRNA-5'G-cap methylation results in destabilized RNA that are prone to degradation. (nova.edu)
- Finally, RNA degradation may also follow a circadian pattern through the rhythmic involvement of miRNAs. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously synthesized small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interfering with protein translational machinery and/or inducing degradation of target mRNAs [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)
- Sera were separated immediately (within 1 hour) to prevent viral RNA degradation and each serum sample was then dispensed into 2 screw-capped vials stored at -20 ºC and -70 ºC. (who.int)
- Furthermore, inhibiting mRNA launch from NSs will not attenuate exosomal degradation in regular cells, and leads to polyA RNA build up both outside and inside of NSs in exosome inactivated cells, recommending that passage through NSs is not needed for sorting mRNAs for export or degradation. (biotech2012.org)
- Furthermore, MTR4 affiliates with ZFC3H1 and features in the degradation of lengthy transcripts collectively, such as for example snoRNA sponsor transcripts, aswell as short unpredictable RNAs including PROMPTs transcribed in the antisense path (also known as uaRNAs) and prematurely terminated RNAs (ptRNAs) (7,8). (biotech2012.org)
- Indeed, a recently available research reported that normally unpredictable RNAs at the mercy of exosomal degradation are recognized in the polysomes upon exosome inactivation (8). (biotech2012.org)
Viruses9
- Scientists have since learned that certain viruses may have a plan of action for robbing RNA caps from host cells so as to place them on their own RNA. (healthjockey.com)
- A range of disease-causing viruses may need to fabricate their own caps counting poxviruses, flaviviruses, rhabdoviruses, coronaviruses and reoviruses. (healthjockey.com)
- The 2' cap is also suggested to aid normal viruses from dodging this area of the immune system. (healthjockey.com)
- RNA Tumor Viruses (2d edition), Volume 2, pp 437-443, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1985). (justia.com)
- Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the family Coronaviridae, the enveloped viruses that possess extraordinarily large single-stranded RNA genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases in length [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Enteroviruses are a group of single-stranded sense RNA viruses that commonly cause infections, especially in infants and children. (medscape.com)
- Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae (small RNA viruses) family. (medscape.com)
- In Australia, small, enveloped, single-stranded (ss) and dengue epidemics have occurred positive polarity RNA viruses. (who.int)
- First, Zika virus belongs to the most prevalent class of emerging pathogens, the zoonotic single- stranded RNA viruses, which have mutation rates as high as 1 base per 10 to the 4th power bases, each replication. (cdc.gov)
Single-stranded4
- COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( 1 ), an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus betacoronaviruses (BCoVs). (frontiersin.org)
- Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are single-stranded nucleic acid-analogue antisense agents that enter cells readily and can reduce gene expression by steric blocking of complementary RNA (cRNA) sequences. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)
- Lassa virus, named after a small town in northeastern Nigeria, is an enveloped, single-stranded, bisegmented ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus classified in the family Arenaviridae. (cdc.gov)
Helicase2
- expressed in middle/late meiosis,IV" YDR525W 1 5 7 YDR525W "Ydr525wp,IV" YDR526C 1 5 8 YDR526C "Ydr526cp,IV" YER187W 1 5 9 YER187W "similar to killer toxin,V" YER188W 1 5 10 YER188W "Yer188wp,V" YER190W 1 5 11 YER190W "Yrf1-2p,V" YFL002C 1 5 12 YFL002C "ATP-dependent RNA helicase,VI" YFL002W-B 1 5 13 YFL002W-B "TyA gag protein. (davidson.edu)
- activity of the exosome needs multiple cofactors, among that your RNA helicase MTR4 is crucial for every facet of nuclear exosome features. (biotech2012.org)
Circular RNAs3
- But the researchers suspect that the circular RNAs have many other functions. (nature.com)
- The few accounts of circular RNAs in plants and animals were generally dismissed as genetic accidents or experimental artefacts, says Erik Sontheimer, a molecular biologist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. (nature.com)
- Circular RNAs could also be sponges for microRNA from outside the cell, notes Rajewsky. (nature.com)
Molecules7
- Behold the latest curio in the cabinet of RNA oddities: naturally occurring circular RNA molecules that influence gene expression. (nature.com)
- The molecules comprise "a hidden, parallel universe" of unexplored RNAs, says Nikolaus Rajewsky, the lead author of one of the studies and a systems biologist at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin. (nature.com)
- And when Rajewsky and his colleagues mined databases for circular RNA molecules, they found thousands in nematode worms, mice and humans. (nature.com)
- The first 5' mRNA cap to be identified was N7- methyl guanosine (m7G) which among other functions imparts stability onto mRNA molecules. (researchwithnj.com)
- As for miRNA mimics, chemically modified RNAs (capped RNA molecules) can be a good starting choice as antagomirs in very short term experiments. (tebu-bio.com)
- Aspartic acid also combines with other amino acids to form molecules that absorb toxins and remove them from the bloodstream, aids the function of RNA and DNA, and helps to protect the liver. (hammernutrition.com)
- Translation or protein synthesis is a multi-step process that requires a lot of molecules including transfer RNAs (tRNA), amino acids, ATP, GTP and other cofactors to transfer information from mRNA to protein in ribosomes. (bostonmolecules.com)
Methyltransferase1
- Varshney D, Lombardi O, Schweikert G, Dunn S, Suska O and Cowling VH (2018) mRNA cap methyltransferase (RNMT-RAM) is required for RNA pol II-dependent transcription Cell Rep. 2018 May 1;23(5):1530-1542. (gla.ac.uk)
Dengue virus1
- 5´cap -independent translation of dengue virus genomic RNA]. (cdc.gov)
Gene expression7
- Recognition of the cap structure is of paramount importance in some of the most central processes of gene expression as well as in some viral processes, such as priming of influenza virus transcription. (ox.ac.uk)
- RNA 'sponges' mop up sequences that curb gene expression. (nature.com)
- MicroRNAs are short fragments of RNA that can block gene expression by binding to and preventing the translation of messenger RNAs. (nature.com)
- microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (nih.gov)
- In a recent review in WIREs RNA , " Circadian processes in the RNA life cycle ," the authors summarize the current knowledge of the post-transcriptional circadian mechanisms known to play a prominent role in shaping circadian gene expression in mammals. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- Using bulk RNA-sequencing from whole blood, we examined the association between gene expression and WTC-related PTSD symptom severity on (i) highest lifetime Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score, (ii) past-month CAPS score, and (iii) PTSD symptom dimensions using a 5-factor model of re-experiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, dysphoric arousal and anxious arousal symptoms. (cdc.gov)
- As you know, RNA interference (RNAi) has delivered to humanity the control of gene expression. (intlstemcell.com)
Nucleotides in length2
- used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21 [to] 23 nucleotides in length," the patent applications' abstracts state. (genomeweb.com)
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length. (mdpi.com)
Polymerases1
- The invention comprises "compositions and methods for modulating transcription by RNA polymerases," the patent's abstract states. (genomeweb.com)
Synthesis3
- 1990s the frequency of outbreaks of dengue the replicative form (RF), which is the fever have escalated, mirroring the situation recycling template for the synthesis of new in the neighbouring regions and elsewhere plus strand RNA. (who.int)
- Analogs of the RNA caps ( RNA CAP ANALOGS ), which lack the positive charge, inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
- The information for protein synthesis is generally stored in DNA, which is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA), and then translated into a protein. (bostonmolecules.com)
Nucleotide2
- NEB has found that NudC decaps G-capped RNA with an adenosine as the initiating nucleotide efficiently, with G-capped RNA with an initiating guanosine much less so. (neb.com)
- Furthermore, when these 21 [to] 23 [nucleotide] fragments are purified and added back to Drosophila extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA. (genomeweb.com)
Maturation2
- Our analysis of CRC will focus on RNA cap formation, a critical stage in RNA maturation that directs which genes are expressed and as a result influences cell function, proliferation and fate decisions. (gla.ac.uk)
- These steps include all processes involved in RNA maturation like capping, splicing and 3' end termination. (advancedsciencenews.com)
Protein6
- Some were unexpectedly short or surprisingly long, and some flouted orthodoxy by blocking other RNA strands from being translated into protein. (nature.com)
- Because the cap was known to play two positive roles in the protein manufacturing process, the researchers were surprised to see that the cap-less mRNA bound even better than the capped mRNA to protein builders called ribosomes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Comirnaty contains tozinameran, a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule with instructions for producing a protein from the original strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (europa.eu)
- Recognition of polyadenylate RNA by the poly (A)-binding protein. (google.pl)
- Many steps occur between transcriptional initiation and protein function and many, if not all, of these steps of the RNA life cycle are subject to circadian regulation. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- RNA data sourced from Human Protein Atlas . (antibodypedia.com)
Sequences2
- But advances in sequencing have allowed biologists to accumulate large data sets of RNA sequences, including some from RNA without tails. (nature.com)
- The big initial delivery problem, getting RNA interfering sequences past the body's defenses, is being cracked, however. (intlstemcell.com)
MicroRNAs3
- Circular non-coding RNA has been found to bind and deactivate microRNAs. (nature.com)
- It is in this context that the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs), a particular class of small noncoding RNAs, has rapidly become apparent [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNAs critically involved in a wide spectrum of normal and pathological processes of cells or tissues by fine-tuning the signals important for stem cell development, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and transformation. (cdc.gov)
Analogs1
- Dinucleosides S-adenosyl-L-methionine analogs as inhibitors of RNA methyltransferases. (novartis.com)
Regulation1
- The mapping of different subcellular RNA maps provides a new perspective on studying the relationship between the dynamic regulation of RNA subcellular space and the occurrence of human diseases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccine3
- Pei-Yong Shi works on RNA virus, drug discovery, and vaccine research, with experience in both basic and translational research in a career that has spanned public health, industry, and academia. (novartis.com)
- Like Spikevax, its new candidate is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. (theperfectenemy.com)
- RNA - A Taste of RNA Vaccine? (dotsmark.com)
Methylation2
- DNA methylation profiles), and transcriptomic (RNA expression profiles) differences between tumors that improve their classification in distinct molecular subtypes [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This N7-MTase domain performs the first 5' methylation of the GpppA cap providing efficient RNA translation and protection from the hosts innate immune system [9] . (proteopedia.org)
MRNAs5
- mRNAs are capped at their 5'-end by a unique cap structure containing N7-methyl guanine. (ox.ac.uk)
- Building on this work, the first goal of this proposal is to evaluate the NAD+ 5' cap mRNA modification as it impacts the decay of both host and HIV-specific mRNAs during an HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. (researchwithnj.com)
- Therefore, the second goal of this proposal is to evaluate the impact of CSC on the ability of both host and HIV-specific mRNAs to be NAD+ 5' cap modified. (researchwithnj.com)
- The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (nih.gov)
- Your competition of MTR4 using the mRNA export adaptor ALYREF for associating using the nuclear cap-binding complicated (CBC) has an 2"-O-Galloylhyperin essential system for sorting export-defective mRNAs from export-competent types (9). (biotech2012.org)
Replication1
- Three PPMO, targeting the translation start site region of PB1 or NP mRNA or the 3′-terminal region of NP viral RNA (vRNA), potently inhibited virus replication in MDCK cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genetic1
- Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are a group of conditions that have overlapping signs and symptoms and the same genetic cause. (medlineplus.gov)
Subunit1
- During initiation, the small subunit of the ribosome bound to initiator t-RNA searches for the mRNA starting at the 5' terminal to identify and bind the initiation codon (AUG). The large subunit of the ribosome then joins the small ribosomal subunit to generate the initiation complex at the initiation codon. (bostonmolecules.com)
Transcription1
- The large-scale sequencing of 5' cap enriched cDNA promises to reveal the diversity of transcription initiation across entire genomes. (edu.au)
Ribonucleic1
- Testing for HCV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) and genotyping is the most reliable indicator for HCV infection and it correlates with infectivity, disease progression and response to treatment. (who.int)
Abstract1
- The patent application, its abstract states, claims an "RNA interference target sequence targeting HIV for the treatment of AIDS. (genomeweb.com)
Eukaryotic1
- Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some heterogeneous nuclear RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
Initiation2
- This study will reveal the role of the RNA capping enzymes during tumour initiation and progression - and how best to target these enzymes in therapeutic approaches. (gla.ac.uk)
- These structures, which are positively charged, protect the above specified RNAs at their termini against attack by phosphatases and other nucleases and promote mRNA function at the level of initiation of translation. (bvsalud.org)
Messenger5
- The scientists then modified some messenger RNA by lopping off its chemical "cap," and left the rest intact so that when they reconstituted the machine in test tubes, they could compare the behaviors of capped and uncapped versions of messenger RNA. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- This was strange, because the cap of messenger RNA is supposed to be both a stabilizer and a stimulator of binding," says Jon Lorsch, Ph.D., professor of biophysics and biophysical chemistry , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The most sensitive test appears to be reverse transcriptase PCR testing for messenger RNA produced by infected cells. (cpnhelp.org)
- This testing, for example, showed 18.5% of blood donors to have messenger RNA from Cpn in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (cpnhelp.org)
- Testing for messenger RNA from infected cells appears to be the most sensitive method. (cpnhelp.org)
Mechanism2
- These studies have the potential to identify the role of this novel 5' cap to impact RNA decay and to identify a mechanism to explain HIV latency and/or how the HIV virus alters cellular RNA to maximize viral production. (researchwithnj.com)
- The distinction in significant genes between total lifetime CAPS score and the anxious arousal symptom dimension of PTSD highlights a potential biological difference in the mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of the PTSD phenotype. (cdc.gov)
Detection3
- It was found that Maxima H Minus reverse transcriptase and rN modified TSO, as well as all RNA templates capped with m7G improved the sequencing sensitivity and low abundance gene detection ability. (biomedcentral.com)
- The former was utilized for detection of anti-HCV antibodies while the latter was used for HCV-RNA detection and subsequent genotyping/subtyping. (who.int)
- We found that a two-step RT-PCR using SYBR Green I dye detection with product verification by melting curve analysis is quick, quantitative, and applicable to samples with limited amount of RNA. (irjs.info)
Specificity2
Enzymes1
- This project will be carried out collaboratively in the labs of Vicky Cowling and Owen Sansom at the Beatson Institute, which have world-leading expertise in RNA capping enzymes and colorectal cancer research, respectively. (gla.ac.uk)
Covalently1
- The RNA polynucleotides are not covalently bound to the surface-functionalized GNRs. (genomeweb.com)
Virus5
- The researcher further pointed that the caps could be acting like a false labelling badge for the virus' RNA. (healthjockey.com)
- Estructuras de ácido nucleico que se encuentran en el extremo 5' del ARN mensajero celular de eucariotes y virus y de algunos ARN nucleares heterogéneos. (bvsalud.org)
- Prevalence of the SNP rs10774671 of the OAS1 gene in Mexico as a possible predisposing factor for RNA virus disease. (cdc.gov)
- A high Ct value generally indicates that more cycles are required to detect the virus, indicating that there is less viral RNA present in the sample. (vic.gov.au)
- Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. (bvsalud.org)
Vials1
- All vials are supplied with caps. (gendepot.net)
20222
Interference1
- The compositions contain RNA polynucleotides that can inhibit expression of a target gene via RNA interference [that are] electrostatically complexed with surface-functionalized gold nanorods. (genomeweb.com)
Transcripts1
- In addition, hybridization of probes to RNA for sequencing (HyPR-seq), which can easily detect more than 100,000 cells in a single experiment, and achieve high sensitivity for individual transcripts in single cells and low-abundance transcripts [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells3
- The clinical isolates were passed in MDCK cells, and the supernatant was used for viral RNA extraction with the Viral RNA Extraction Miniprep System kit (Viogene, Sunnyvale, CA). Viral RNA was amplified into double-stranded DNA by RT-PCR by using the Ready-To-Go RT-PCR Beads (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). (cdc.gov)
- Moss suggested that the caps were a manner for the cells to differentiate between their RNA and an invader's. (healthjockey.com)
- Materials and Methods Cell Culture and RNA Extraction Two subclones of W12 cervical epithelial cells with HPV16 in differing physical states were a gift from Dr. Paul Lambert (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI). (irjs.info)
Tissues1
- JIMK- So PCR is just the most sensitive test for detecting DNA or RNA floating around in the serum or tissues. (cpnhelp.org)
Structural1
- Structure of a complex between a cap analogue and mRNA guanylyl transferase demonstrates the structural chemistry of RNA capping. (expasy.org)
Biochemical1
- Three other groups each received the same specific antigen in conjunction with the administration of L-carnosine, biochemical parameters including DNA, RNA, DNA/RNA ratio concentrations in addition ATPase, and acetyl cholinesterase activities were measured in liver, heart, kidney and brain in all groups. (who.int)
Nuclear1
- MTR4 forms into different complexes that hyperlink the nuclear exosome to different classes of focus on RNAs. (biotech2012.org)
Extraction1
- All monolayers were lysed with guanidinium thiocyanate for RNA extraction. (irjs.info)
Structure1
- We systematically evaluate experimental conditions of this protocol, such as reverse transcriptase, template-switching oligos (TSO), and template RNA structure. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotes2
- Additional caps have subsequently been reported with the most recent identified by Dr. Kiledjian and colleagues as a 5' end NAD+ cap in eukaryotes that can promote RNA decay. (researchwithnj.com)
- however, in eukaryotes, mRNA is further processed (e.g., removal of introns by splicing, addition of a cap at the 5´ end, and multiple adenines at the mRNA 3´ end), and the modified mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm. (bostonmolecules.com)
Translation1
- 2012. Cap-independent Nrf2 translation is part of a lipoic acid-stimulated detoxification stress response. . (oregonstate.edu)
Modification1
- This proposal will focus on how cigarette smoke can influence the NAD+ 5' cap RNA modification. (researchwithnj.com)
Strand1
- A mystery however was the need for an additional cap close to the start of each RNA strand in the 2' position. (healthjockey.com)
Cellular2
- Quantify NAD+-5' capping of cellular RNA following HIV infection, ART treatment and in presence of cigarette smoke condensate (Aim 2). (researchwithnj.com)
- Our long-term goal is to identify if there is a role for the NAD+ 5'cap on HIV specific and/or cellular RNAs following both HIV infection and exposure to cigarette smoke. (researchwithnj.com)
ExoN1
- Rna therapy, this one focused on exon 13 mutations in the digestive tract, patients. (paywow.com)
Poly2
- 5' cap and poly-A tail. (khanacademy.org)
- 12 The total RNA from each sample was divided in half: one half for HDFA after poly(A)+ RNA isolation by using the Oligotex mRNA kit (Qiagen, Santa Clarita, CA) and the other half for HDFA validation by LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN). (irjs.info)