AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
RNARNA, Small InterferingRNA, ViralRNA EditingRNA SplicingRNA, RibosomalRNA, BacterialDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA VirusesRNA InterferenceRNA, MessengerRNA, Double-StrandedRNA, CatalyticRNA FoldingRNA Polymerase IIRNA, FungalRNA StabilityRNA HelicasesRNA, AntisenseRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, TransferRNA, Small NuclearRNA PrecursorsRNA, UntranslatedNucleic Acid ConformationRNA CapsSequence Analysis, RNARNA, PlantRNA, ProtozoanBase SequenceRNA, NeoplasmRNA Ligase (ATP)DEAD-box RNA HelicasesRNA Polymerase IIIMolecular Sequence DataRNA Polymerase IRNA, NuclearRNA, GuideRNA, Ribosomal, 28SRNA, Ribosomal, 18SRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, Ribosomal, 23SRNA TransportRNA, Spliced LeaderRNA, SatelliteRNA, Ribosomal, 16SAmino Acid SequenceRNA, ArchaealNucleic Acid HybridizationProtein BiosynthesisCell LineVirus ReplicationEscherichia coliRNA CleavageMutationOligoribonucleotidesRNA, Heterogeneous NuclearTranscription, GeneticRNA, Small CytoplasmicRNA 3' End ProcessingTemplates, GeneticRNA, Small UntranslatedHeLa CellsRibonucleoproteinsRibonucleasesPoly AGenome, ViralRNA, Ribosomal, 5.8SDNARNA, Long NoncodingRNA, Small NucleolarBinding SitesRNA Virus InfectionsProtein BindingRNA, ComplementaryUridinePromoter Regions, GeneticEndoribonucleasesCell NucleusRNA, ChloroplastModels, MolecularPlasmidsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionKineticsSingle-Strand Specific DNA and RNA EndonucleasesBase PairingRNA, HelminthPlant VirusesDNA PrimersGene Expression RegulationSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTranscription FactorsRNA, Transfer, PheRNA, Transfer, LysRibosomesBlotting, NorthernDNA, ViralPolymerase Chain ReactionOligonucleotidesGene Silencing
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
RNA, Small Interfering
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
RNA Splicing
The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.
RNA, Ribosomal
The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
RNA Viruses
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
RNA Folding
The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.
RNA Polymerase II
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA, Fungal
Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA Stability
The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.
RNA Helicases
A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.
RNA, Antisense
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
RNA, Small Nuclear
Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.
RNA Precursors
RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.
RNA, Untranslated
RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.
Nucleic Acid Conformation
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
RNA Caps
Nucleic acid structures found on the 5' end of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA and some heterogeneous nuclear RNAs. These structures, which are positively charged, protect the above specified RNAs at their termini against attack by phosphatases and other nucleases and promote mRNA function at the level of initiation of translation. Analogs of the RNA caps (RNA CAP ANALOGS), which lack the positive charge, inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis.
Sequence Analysis, RNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.
RNA, Plant
Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
RNA, Protozoan
Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
RNA, Neoplasm
RNA present in neoplastic tissue.
RNA Ligase (ATP)
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 6.5.1.3.
DEAD-box RNA Helicases
A large family of RNA helicases that share a common protein motif with the single letter amino acid sequence D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp). In addition to RNA helicase activity, members of the DEAD-box family participate in other aspects of RNA metabolism and regulation of RNA function.
RNA Polymerase III
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA Polymerase I
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. The enzyme functions in the nucleolar structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salts than RNA polymerase II and III and is not inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA, Nuclear
RNA molecules found in the nucleus either associated with chromosomes or in the nucleoplasm.
RNA, Guide
Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions.
RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
RNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
RNA Transport
The process of moving specific RNA molecules from one cellular compartment or region to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms.
RNA, Spliced Leader
The small RNAs which provide spliced leader sequences, SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4 and SL5 (short sequences which are joined to the 5' ends of pre-mRNAs by TRANS-SPLICING). They are found primarily in primitive eukaryotes (protozoans and nematodes).
RNA, Satellite
Small, linear single-stranded RNA molecules functionally acting as molecular parasites of certain RNA plant viruses. Satellite RNAs exhibit four characteristic traits: (1) they require helper viruses to replicate; (2) they are unnecessary for the replication of helper viruses; (3) they are encapsidated in the coat protein of the helper virus; (4) they have no extensive sequence homology to the helper virus. Thus they differ from SATELLITE VIRUSES which encode their own coat protein, and from the genomic RNA; (=RNA, VIRAL); of satellite viruses. (From Maramorosch, Viroids and Satellites, 1991, p143)
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
RNA, Archaeal
Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Protein Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Virus Replication
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
RNA Cleavage
A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Oligoribonucleotides
A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear
Nuclear nonribosomal RNA larger than about 1000 nucleotides, the mass of which is rapidly synthesized and degraded within the cell nucleus. Some heterogeneous nuclear RNA may be a precursor to mRNA. However, the great bulk of total hnRNA hybridizes with nuclear DNA rather than with mRNA.
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
RNA, Small Cytoplasmic
Small RNAs found in the cytoplasm usually complexed with proteins in scRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL CYTOPLASMIC).
RNA 3' End Processing
The steps that generate the 3' ends of mature RNA molecules. For most mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), 3' end processing referred to as POLYADENYLATION includes the addition of POLY A.
Templates, Genetic
Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.
RNA, Small Untranslated
Short RNA, about 200 base pairs in length or shorter, that does not code for protein.
HeLa Cells
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Ribonucleoproteins
Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).
Ribonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.
Poly A
A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Genome, Viral
The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.
RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S
Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5.8S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
RNA, Long Noncoding
A class of untranslated RNA molecules that are typically greater than 200 nucleotides in length and do not code for proteins. Members of this class have been found to play roles in transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional processing, CHROMATIN REMODELING, and in the epigenetic control of chromatin.
RNA, Small Nucleolar
Small nuclear RNAs that are involved in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. Box C/D containing snoRNAs (U14, U15, U16, U20, U21 and U24-U63) direct site-specific methylation of various ribose moieties. Box H/ACA containing snoRNAs (E2, E3, U19, U23, and U64-U72) direct the conversion of specific uridines to pseudouridine. Site-specific cleavages resulting in the mature ribosomal RNAs are directed by snoRNAs U3, U8, U14, U22 and the snoRNA components of RNase MRP and RNase P.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
RNA Virus Infections
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
RNA, Complementary
Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Uridine
Promoter Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
Endoribonucleases
A family of enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.26.-, EC 3.1.27.-, EC 3.1.30.-, and EC 3.1.31.-.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
RNA, Chloroplast
Ribonucleic acid in chloroplasts having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of DNA or RNA molecules while leaving the double-stranded regions intact. They are particularly useful in the laboratory for producing "blunt-ended" DNA molecules from DNA with single-stranded ends and for sensitive GENETIC TECHNIQUES such as NUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAYS that involve the detection of single-stranded DNA and RNA.
Base Pairing
Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.
RNA, Helminth
Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Plant Viruses
Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Transcription Factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.
RNA, Transfer, Phe
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying phenylalanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Lys
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying lysine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
Multicomponent ribonucleoprotein structures found in the CYTOPLASM of all cells, and in MITOCHONDRIA, and PLASTIDS. They function in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS via GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Blotting, Northern
Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.
DNA, Viral
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)
Gene Silencing
Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.
5' Untranslated Regions
The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.
RNA, Transfer, Tyr
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tyrosine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
3' Untranslated Regions
The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.
Amanitins
Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.
Genes, Viral
The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Ribonuclease T1
An enzyme catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA at the 3'-position of a guanylate residue. EC 3.1.27.3.
Molecular Weight
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Cell Nucleolus
Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
HIV-1
The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.
Genes
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Conserved Sequence
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.
RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl
Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. They are key compounds in the genetic translation process.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Introns
Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.
RNA Splice Sites
Nucleotide sequences located at the ends of EXONS and recognized in pre-messenger RNA by SPLICEOSOMES. They are joined during the RNA SPLICING reaction, forming the junctions between exons.
RNA, Transfer, Ala
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying alanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Poliovirus
A species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Tobacco
A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.
Ribonuclease P
An RNA-containing enzyme that plays an essential role in tRNA processing by catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of TRANSFER RNA precursors. It removes the extra 5'-nucleotides from tRNA precursors to generate mature tRNA molecules.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Cytoplasm
The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Nucleotides
The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Mosaic Viruses
Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
An enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. EC 2.7.7.49.
Dactinomycin
A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)
Open Reading Frames
A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).
Gene Expression Profiling
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Hepacivirus
A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
RNA, Transfer, Asp
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Tritium
RNA, Transfer, Met
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying methionine to sites on the ribosomes. During initiation of protein synthesis, tRNA(f)Met in prokaryotic cells and tRNA(i)Met in eukaryotic cells binds to the start codon (CODON, INITIATOR).
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Bromovirus
A genus of tripartite plant viruses in the family BROMOVIRIDAE. Transmission is by beetles. Brome mosaic virus is the type species.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Ribonuclease H
A ribonuclease that specifically cleaves the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been isolated from a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as well as RETROVIRUSES.
Nuclear Proteins
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.
Models, Genetic
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid
Sequences within RNA that regulate the processing, stability (RNA STABILITY) or translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of RNA.
Polyribosomes
A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of RIBOSOMES held together by messenger RNA; (RNA, MESSENGER); They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Capsid
The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.
Exoribonucleases
A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.13.-, EC 3.1.14.-, EC 3.1.15.-, and EC 3.1.16.-. EC 3.1.-
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Restriction Mapping
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
RNA, Transfer, Gly
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, His
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying histidine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.
RNA, Transfer, Val
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying valine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Poly U
A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Nodaviridae
A family of RNA viruses infecting insects and fish. There are two genera: Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus.
Nucleic Acid Precursors
Use for nucleic acid precursors in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Virus Assembly
The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.
Defective Viruses
Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.
Sequence Deletion
Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.
RNA, Transfer, Arg
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying arginine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Algal
Ribonucleic acid in algae having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
A family of ribonucleoproteins that were originally found as proteins bound to nascent RNA transcripts in the form of ribonucleoprotein particles. Although considered ribonucleoproteins they are primarily classified by their protein component. They are involved in a variety of processes such as packaging of RNA and RNA TRANSPORT within the nucleus. A subset of heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoproteins are involved in additional functions such as nucleocytoplasmic transport (ACTIVE TRANSPORT, CELL NUCLEUS) of RNA and mRNA stability in the CYTOPLASM.
Escherichia coli Proteins
Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Alternative Splicing
A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.
Virion
The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear
Highly conserved nuclear RNA-protein complexes that function in RNA processing in the nucleus, including pre-mRNA splicing and pre-mRNA 3'-end processing in the nucleoplasm, and pre-rRNA processing in the nucleolus (see RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEOLAR).
Hepatitis Delta Virus
A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.
Ribosomal Proteins
Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.
RNA, Transfer, Trp
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tryptophan to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.
Terminator Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences recognized as signals to end GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
Macromolecular Substances
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
Mutagenesis
Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.
Levivirus
A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Polynucleotides
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes nagana in domestic and game animals in Africa. It apparently does not infect humans. It is transmitted by bites of tsetse flies (Glossina).
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Exons
The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Tombusvirus
A genus of plant viruses that infects ANGIOSPERMS. Transmission occurs mechanically and through soil, with one species transmitted via a fungal vector. The type species is Tomato bushy stunt virus.
Guanosine
A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Polyadenylation
The addition of a tail of polyadenylic acid (POLY A) to the 3' end of mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). Polyadenylation involves recognizing the processing site signal, (AAUAAA), and cleaving of the mRNA to create a 3' OH terminal end to which poly A polymerase (POLYNUCLEOTIDE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE) adds 60-200 adenylate residues. The 3' end processing of some messenger RNAs, such as histone mRNA, is carried out by a different process that does not include the addition of poly A as described here.
RNA, Transfer, Leu
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying leucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Methylation
Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in human monocytes. (1/10063)

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with cardiovascular diseases in seroepidemiological studies and by demonstration of the pathogen in atherosclerotic lesions. It has the capacity to infect several cell types, including monocyte-derived macrophages, which play an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the persistence of C. pneumoniae in mononuclear cells is poorly understood. To study the morphology and biological characteristics of the infection, human peripheral blood monocytes were infected with C. pneumoniae. Freshly isolated monocytes resisted the development of infectious progeny, and confocal and transmission electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the inclusions and chlamydial particles was abnormal. Addition of tryptophan or antibodies against gamma interferon did not diminish the inhibition of C. pneumoniae, suggesting that other factors are involved in the chlamydiostatic activity of the monocytes. Chlamydial mRNA was expressed at least 3 days after infection, however, and a capability for infected monocytes to induce a positive lymphocyte proliferative response was detected for up to 7 days, indicating that C. pneumoniae remains metabolically active in the monocytes in vitro. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that C. pneumoniae may participate in the maintenance of local immunological response and inflammation via infected monocytes and thus enhance atherosclerosis.  (+info)

Synthesis of bacteriophage phi6 double-stranded ribonucleic acid. (2/10063)

Uracil was incorporated into all three bacteriophage phi6 dsRNA segments throughout the infection cycle; the rates of incorporation into each of the three segments were approx. constant for the first 15 to 20 min and then increased rapidly until 50 min after infection. The medium and small dsRNA segments were produced in greater amounts than the large dsRNA segment at all times in the infection cycle. Inhibition of host RNA and protein synthesis with rifampin and chloramphenicol revealed that virus dsRNA synthesis immediately after infection was independent of either host function.  (+info)

Characterization of an insertion sequence element associated with genetically diverse plant pathogenic Streptomyces spp. (3/10063)

Streptomycetes are common soil inhabitants, yet few described species are plant pathogens. While the pathogenicity mechanisms remain unclear, previous work identified a gene, nec1, which encodes a putative pathogenicity or virulence factor. nec1 and a neighboring transposase pseudogene, ORFtnp, are conserved among unrelated plant pathogens and absent from nonpathogens. The atypical GC content of nec1 suggests that it was acquired through horizontal transfer events. Our investigation of the genetic organization of regions adjacent to the 3' end of nec1 in Streptomyces scabies 84.34 identified a new insertion sequence (IS) element, IS1629, with homology to other IS elements from prokaryotic animal pathogens. IS1629 is 1,462 bp with 26-bp terminal inverted repeats and encodes a putative 431-amino-acid (aa) transposase. Transposition of IS1629 generates a 10-bp target site duplication. A 77-nucleotide (nt) sequence encompassing the start codon and upstream region of the transposase was identified which could function in the posttranscritpional regulation of transposase synthesis. A functional copy of IS1629 from S. turgidiscabies 94.09 (Hi-C-13) was selected in the transposon trap pCZA126, through its insertion into the lambda cI857 repressor. IS1629 is present in multiple copies in some S. scabies strains and is present in all S. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies strains examined. A second copy of IS1629 was identified between ORFtnp and nec1 in S. acidiscabies strains. The diversity of IS1629 hybridization profiles was greatest within S. scabies. IS1629 was absent from the 27 nonpathogenic Streptomyces strains tested. The genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of the nec1-IS1629 region was conserved and identical among representatives of S. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies. These findings support our current model for the unidirectional transfer of the ORFtnp-nec1-IS1629 locus from IS1629-containing S. scabies (type II) to S. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies.  (+info)

Inhibition of translation and cell growth by minigene expression. (4/10063)

A random five-codon gene library was used to isolate minigenes whose expression causes cell growth arrest. Eight different deleterious minigenes were isolated, five of which had in-frame stop codons; the predicted expressed peptides ranged in size from two to five amino acids. Mutational analysis demonstrated that translation of the inhibitory minigenes is essential for growth arrest. Pulse-labeling experiments showed that expression of at least some of the selected minigenes results in inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. Expression of the deleterious minigenes in cells deficient in peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase causes accumulation of families of peptidyl-tRNAs corresponding to the last minigene codon; the inhibitory action of minigene expression could be suppressed by overexpression of the tRNA corresponding to the last sense codon in the minigene. Experimental data are compatible with the model that the deleterious effect of minigene expression is mediated by depletion of corresponding pools of free tRNAs.  (+info)

Antisense RNA strategies for metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum. (5/10063)

We examined the effectiveness of antisense RNA (as RNA) strategies for metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Strain ATCC 824(pRD4) was developed to produce a 102-nucleotide asRNA with 87% complementarity to the butyrate kinase (BK) gene. Strain ATCC 824(pRD4) exhibited 85 to 90% lower BK and acetate kinase specific activities than the control strain. Strain ATCC 824(pRD4) also exhibited 45 to 50% lower phosphotransbutyrylase (PTB) and phosphotransacetylase specific activities than the control strain. This strain exhibited earlier induction of solventogenesis, which resulted in 50 and 35% higher final concentrations of acetone and butanol, respectively, than the concentrations in the control. Strain ATCC 824(pRD1) was developed to putatively produce a 698-nucleotide asRNA with 96% complementarity to the PTB gene. Strain ATCC 824(pRD1) exhibited 70 and 80% lower PTB and BK activities, respectively, than the control exhibited. It also exhibited 300% higher levels of a lactate dehydrogenase activity than the control exhibited. The growth yields of ATCC 824(pRD1) were 28% less than the growth yields of the control. While the levels of acids were not affected in ATCC 824(pRD1) fermentations, the acetone and butanol concentrations were 96 and 75% lower, respectively, than the concentrations in the control fermentations. The lower level of solvent production by ATCC 824(pRD1) was compensated for by approximately 100-fold higher levels of lactate production. The lack of any significant impact on butyrate formation fluxes by the lower PTB and BK levels suggests that butyrate formation fluxes are not controlled by the levels of the butyrate formation enzymes.  (+info)

In situ identification of cyanobacteria with horseradish peroxidase-labeled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. (6/10063)

Individual cyanobacterial cells are normally identified in environmental samples only on the basis of their pigmentation and morphology. However, these criteria are often insufficient for the differentiation of species. Here, a whole-cell hybridization technique is presented that uses horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides for in situ identification of cyanobacteria. This indirect method, in which the probe-conferred enzyme has to be visualized in an additional step, was necessary since fluorescently monolabeled oligonucleotides were insufficient to overstain the autofluorescence of the target cells. Initially, a nonfluorescent detection assay was developed and successfully applied to cyanobacterial mats. Later, it was demonstrated that tyramide signal amplification (TSA) resulted in fluorescent signals far above the level of autofluorescence. Furthermore, TSA-based detection of HRP was more sensitive than that based on nonfluorescent substrates. Critical points of the assay, such as cell fixation and permeabilization, specificity, and sensitivity, were systematically investigated by using four oligonucleotides newly designed to target groups of cyanobacteria.  (+info)

The use of terminal blocking groups for the specific joining of oligonucleotides in RNA ligase reactions containing equimolar concentrations of acceptor and donor molecules. (7/10063)

Under the conditions that RNA ligase converts the tetranucleotide, pA-A2-A, to larger polynucleotides, no such polymerization can be detected with the derivative, pA-A2-A(MeOEt), that possesses a terminal 2'-0-(alpha-methoxyethyl) group. The protection against self condensation offered by the methoxyethyl group in this system allows the specific joining of donor and acceptor oligonucleotides in reaction mixtures containing equimolar concentrations of the two species. Thus, the enzyme, together with ATP, converts equimolar quantities of A-A2-A and pA-A2-A(MeOEt) to A-A6-A(MeOEt) in 55% yield, while a similar reaction with A-A2-A and pU-U2-U(MeOEt) results in a 40% yield of A-A3-U3-U(MeOEt). The intermediate in these ligations is a disubstituted pyrophosphate composed of the donor molecule and the adenylate moiety deriving from ATP. In the case of the intermediate arising from the blocked adenosine tetranucleotide, the assigned structure, A5'pp5'A-A2-A(MeOEt), has been confirmed by chemical synthesis. The pyrophosphate derivative is able to participate in joining reactions in the absence of ATP. These observations constitute an efficient approach to the synthesis of larger polynucleotides from a specific series of oligonucleotide blocks since (i), the methoxyethyl group can be easily introduced into each oligonucleotide using the single addition reaction catalyzed by polynucleotide phosphorylase in the presence of a 2'-0-(alpha-methoxyethyl)nucleoside 5'-diphosphate, and (ii), the blocking group may be readily removed under mild conditions after each successive ligation reaction. Two other octanucleotides, I-I2-A-U3-U and U-U2-C-I3-A, have also been synthesized by this method, and these molecules correspond (with I substituting for G) to sequences appearing near the 3' terminus of the 6S RNA transcribed from phage lambda DNA. The terminal 3'-phosphate group serves equally well as a blocking group for specific ligation reactions in that the ligase converts equimolar amounts of A-A2-A and pA-A2-Ap to A-A6-Ap in 50% yield.  (+info)

An Escherichia coli strain with all chromosomal rRNA operons inactivated: complete exchange of rRNA genes between bacteria. (8/10063)

Current global phylogenies are built predominantly on rRNA sequences. However, an experimental system for studying the evolution of rRNA is not readily available, mainly because the rRNA genes are highly repeated in most experimental organisms. We have constructed an Escherichia coli strain in which all seven chromosomal rRNA operons are inactivated by deletions spanning the 16S and 23S coding regions. A single E. coli rRNA operon carried by a multicopy plasmid supplies 16S and 23S rRNA to the cell. By using this strain we have succeeded in creating microorganisms that contain only a foreign rRNA operon derived from either Salmonella typhimurium or Proteus vulgaris, microorganisms that have diverged from E. coli about 120-350 million years ago. We also were able to replace the E. coli rRNA operon with an E. coli/yeast hybrid one in which the GTPase center of E. coli 23S rRNA had been substituted by the corresponding domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These results suggest that, contrary to common belief, coevolution of rRNA with many other components in the translational machinery may not completely preclude the horizontal transfer of rRNA genes.  (+info)

Transfer-messenger RNA - WikipediaTransfer-messenger RNA - Wikipedia
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex (tmRNP) together with Small Protein B (SmpB), Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu), and ribosomal protein S1. In trans-translation, tmRNA and its associated proteins bind to bacterial ribosomes which have stalled in the middle of protein biosynthesis, for example when reaching the end of a messenger RNA which has lost its stop codon. The tmRNA is remarkably versatile: it recycles the stalled ribosome, adds a proteolysis-inducing tag to the unfinished polypeptide, and facilitates the degradation of the aberrant messenger RNA. In the majority of bacteria these functions are carried out by standard one-piece tmRNAs. In other bacterial species, a permuted ssrA gene produces a two-piece tmRNA in which two separate RNA chains are joined by base-pairing. tmRNA was first designated 10Sa RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-messenger_RNA
ARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences - Murdoch Research RepositoryARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences - Murdoch Research Repository
A computer program, ARAGORN, identifies tRNA and tmRNA genes. The program employs heuristic algorithms to predict tRNA secondary structure, based on homology with recognized tRNA consensus sequences and ability to form a base-paired cloverleaf. tmRNA genes are identified using a modified version of the BRUCE program. ARAGORN achieves a detection sensitivity of 99% from a set of 1290 eubacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal tRNA genes and detects all complete tmRNA sequences in the tmRNA database, improving on the performance of the BRUCE program. Recently discovered tmRNA genes in the chloroplasts of two species from the green algae lineage are detected. The output of the program reports the proposed tRNA secondary structure and, for tmRNA genes, the secondary structure of the tRNA domain, the tmRNA gene sequence, the tag peptide and a list of organisms with matching tmRNA peptide tags.. ...
http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/4821/
Systems biology of bacterial small RNAs | Stavans LabSystems biology of bacterial small RNAs | Stavans Lab
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play fundamental roles in the response of bacterial cells to environmental cues. We study the response of genetic networks and architectural motifs that include sRNAs, as well as the cell-to-cell variability in the expression of genes controlled by sRNAs. To do so, we use fluorescence microscopy and microfluidic techniques that allow us to measure directly the concentrations of fluorescently-tagged target proteins in individual cells as they respond to controlled stimuli, as well as single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization to monitor the response at the target transcript level.. ...
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/stavans/research-activities/systems-biology-bacterial-small-rnas
MACROMOLECULAR KETOALDEHYDES - BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.MACROMOLECULAR KETOALDEHYDES - BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.
Methods of producing macromolecular compositions and using same are provided. The method includes preparing a resin material; forming an acetyl group on the resin material; and oxidizing the acetyl group via a one-step reaction including reacting a sulfoxide and an acid with the acetyl group to form a ketoaldehyde group. The macromolecular compositions are capable of removing an effective amount of one or more constituents from a physiological solution, such as urea during dialysis therapy.
http://www.sumobrain.com/patents/wipo/Macromolecular-ketoaldehydes/WO2004078797.html
BRUCE: a program for the detection of transfer-messenger RNA genes in nucleotide sequences.BRUCE: a program for the detection of transfer-messenger RNA genes in nucleotide sequences.
Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology. MOLECULAR EVOLUTION. ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:75495
The rates of macromolecular chain elongation modulate the initiation frequencies for transcription and translation in...The rates of macromolecular chain elongation modulate the initiation frequencies for transcription and translation in...
Here we show that most macromolecular biosynthesis reactions in growing bacteria are sub-saturated with substrate. The experiments should in part test predictions from a previously proposed model (Jen
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00871227
Systematic probing of the bacterial RNA structurome to reveal new functions.Systematic probing of the bacterial RNA structurome to reveal new functions.
Systematic probing of the bacterial RNA structurome to reveal new functions. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017 Feb 01;36:14-19 Authors: Ignatova Z, Narberhaus F Abstract RNA folds into intricate structures. Recent discoveries using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have revealed unprecedented structural complexity with a pivotal role in regulating RNA function and stability...
https://medworm.com/295064958/systematic-probing-of-the-bacterial-rna-structurome-to-reveal-new-functions/
Zymo research august 2013.xls
ZR-96 Quick-RNA™ Kit (4 x 96 Preps) [[Includes E1009 x 8: DNase I Set (250 U) w/ 10X Reaction Buffer (1 ml)] Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (50 Preps) w/Zymo-Spin™ IIICG Columns (Capped) & Spin-Away™ Filters [Includes E1009 x 1: DNase I Se Sample: Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (10 Preps) Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (200 Preps) w/Zymo-Spin™ IIICG Columns (Capped) & Spin-Away™ Filters [Includes E1009 x 4: DNase I Set (250 U) w/ 10X Reaction Buffer (1 ml)] ZR small-RNA™ PAGE Recovery Kit (20 Preps) ZR-96 RNA Clean & Concentrator™ Kit (2 x 96 Preps) RNA Shield Purification Kit (50 prep) supplied w/ 50 ml RNA Shield RNA Shield Purification Kit (50 prep) Without RNA Shield ZR Fungal/Bacterial RNA MicroPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) ZR Fungal/Bacterial RNA MiniPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) ZR Tissue & Insect RNA MicroPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) ZR Soil/Fecal RNA MicroPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) Direct-zol™ RNA MiniPrep (50 Preps) w/ Zymo-Spin™ IIC Columns (Capped) [Includes E1009 x 1: DNase I Set (250 U) w/ 10X Reaction ...
http://pdfmedfinder.com/l/laborimpex.be1.html
CopraRNA - Results
CopraRNA is a tool for sRNA target prediction. It computes whole genome predictions by combination of whole genome IntaRNA predictions using homologous sRNA sequences from distinct organisms.
http://rna.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/CopraRNA/Result.jsp?selectedRow=50&numRows=10&sortBy=energy&toolName=CopraRNA&jobID=1786318
Synthesis and Applications of a Two-Step Reagent Forming Cross-links between Ribonucleic Acid and Protein | Biochemical Society...Synthesis and Applications of a Two-Step Reagent Forming Cross-links between Ribonucleic Acid and Protein | Biochemical Society...
GERALD FINK, RICHARD BRIMACOMBE; Synthesis and Applications of a Two-Step Reagent Forming Cross-links between Ribonucleic Acid and Protein. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1975; 3 (6): 1014-1015. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0031014. Download citation file:. ...
https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/3/6/1014/84614/Synthesis-and-Applications-of-a-Two-Step-Reagent?redirectedFrom=fulltext
A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital...A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital...
Detection of circulating ribonucleic acid (cRNA) from blood is an unmet need in clinical diagnostics. Here we describe methods that...
https://www.jove.com/video/57079/a-blood-based-test-for-detection-ros1-ret-fusion-transcripts-from
இரைபோ கருவமிலம் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாஇரைபோ கருவமிலம் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
இரைபோ கருவமிலம் அல்லது ஆர்.என்.ஏ. (RNA - Ribonucleic acid) என்பது ஒரு கருவமிலம் ஆகும். இதனை இரைபோக் கருக்காடி, ஐங்கரிமவினியக் கருக்காடி, ஐவினியக் கருக்காடி, ஐங்கரிமவினியக் கருவமிலம், ஐவினியக் கருவமிலம் என்ற பெயர்கள் கொண்டும் அழைக்கலாம். இது அனைத்து உயிரினங்களுக்கும் தேவையான நான்கு பெரிய பிரிவுகளில் அடங்கும் பருமூலக்கூறுகளில் ஒன்றான கருவமிலங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இவையும் டி.என்.ஏ யைப் ...
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Heterogeneous macromolecular composition of renal basement membranes in health, diabetes and glomerulonephritis :: MEDICA, MUSC...
Although basement membranes are ubiquitous structures throughout the body, basement membranes have distinct compositions that are specific to their location. This basement membrane heterogeneity may, in part, reflect functional differences among various basement membranes. We examined basement membrane heterogeneity in normal, healthy mouse kidneys to assess the similarities and differences between glomerular and tubular basement membrane composition. It was demonstrated that mouse glomerular and tubular basement membrane share similar compositions but differ with respect to specific amounts of some components. In diabetes mellitus and passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) , damage to the glomerular barrier occurs and is accompanied by an increase in penneability to proteins the size of albumin and larger: Presumably, the biochemical nature of the filter is not maintained. The acute effects of streptozotocin diabetes and PHN on the macromolecular composition of rat GBM was investigated to determine if ...
http://digital.library.musc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/medica/id/238/rec/2
Heterogeneous macromolecular composition of renal basement membranes in health, diabetes and glomerulonephritis :: MEDICA, MUSC...
Although basement membranes are ubiquitous structures throughout the body, basement membranes have distinct compositions that are specific to their location. This basement membrane heterogeneity may, in part, reflect functional differences among various basement membranes. We examined basement membrane heterogeneity in normal, healthy mouse kidneys to assess the similarities and differences between glomerular and tubular basement membrane composition. It was demonstrated that mouse glomerular and tubular basement membrane share similar compositions but differ with respect to specific amounts of some components. In diabetes mellitus and passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) , damage to the glomerular barrier occurs and is accompanied by an increase in penneability to proteins the size of albumin and larger: Presumably, the biochemical nature of the filter is not maintained. The acute effects of streptozotocin diabetes and PHN on the macromolecular composition of rat GBM was investigated to determine if ...
http://digital.library.musc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/medica/id/238/rec/16
Q03AJ7 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein | Druggability | CancerQ03AJ7 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein | Druggability | Cancer
casSAR Dugability of Q03AJ7 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein - Also known as SSRP_LACP3, smpB. Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans-translation. Binds to transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), required for stable association of tmRNA with ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB. tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a tag peptide, a short internal open reading frame. During trans-translation Ala-aminoacylated tmRNA acts like a tRNA, entering the A-site of stalled ribosomes, displacing the stalled mRNA. The ribosome then switches to translate the ORF on the tmRNA; the nascent peptide is terminated with the tag peptide encoded by the tmRNA and targeted for degradation. The ribosome is freed to recommence translation, which seems to be the essential function of trans-translation.
https://cansarblack.icr.ac.uk/target/Q03AJ7/synopsis
B7MYQ8 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein | Druggability | CancerB7MYQ8 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein | Druggability | Cancer
casSAR Dugability of B7MYQ8 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein - Also known as SSRP_ECO81, smpB. Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans-translation. Binds to transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), required for stable association of tmRNA with ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB. tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a tag peptide, a short internal open reading frame. During trans-translation Ala-aminoacylated tmRNA acts like a tRNA, entering the A-site of stalled ribosomes, displacing the stalled mRNA. The ribosome then switches to translate the ORF on the tmRNA; the nascent peptide is terminated with the tag peptide encoded by the tmRNA and targeted for degradation. The ribosome is freed to recommence translation, which seems to be the essential function of trans-translation.
https://corona-2.cansar.icr.ac.uk/target/B7MYQ8/synopsis
The Role of SmpB in Licensing tmRNA Entry into Stalled Ribosomes by Mickey R. MillerThe Role of SmpB in Licensing tmRNA Entry into Stalled Ribosomes by Mickey R. Miller
Ribosomes translate the genetic information contained in mRNAs into protein by linking together amino acids with the help of aminoacyl-tRNAs. In bacteria, protein synthesis stalls when the ribosome reaches the 3-end of truncated mRNA transcripts lacking a stop codon. Trans-translation is a conserved bacterial quality control process that rescues stalled ribosomes. Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its protein partner SmpB mimic a tRNA by entering the A site of the ribosome and accepting the growing peptide chain. The ribosome releases the truncated mRNA and resumes translation on the tmRNA template. The open reading frame found on tmRNA encodes a peptide tag that marks the defective nascent peptide for proteolysis. A stop codon at the end of the open reading frame allows the ribosome to be recycled and engage in future rounds of translation.The entry of tmRNA into stalled ribosomes presents a challenge to our understanding of ribosome function because during the canonical decoding process, the
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4162/
CN09 28935 protein (Agrobacterium rhizogenes) - STRING interaction networkCN09 28935 protein (Agrobacterium rhizogenes) - STRING interaction network
SsrA-binding protein; Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans-translation. Binds to transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), required for stable association of tmRNA with ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB. tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a tag peptide, a short internal open reading frame. During trans-translation Ala- aminoacylated tmRNA acts like a tRNA, entering the A-site of stalled ribosomes, displacing the stalled mRNA. The ribosome then switches to ...
https://string-db.org/network/359.CN09_28935
KKL-35 | Ribosome rescue inhibitor | KKL35 | KKL 35 | CAS [865285-29-6] | Axon 2997 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity available...KKL-35 | Ribosome rescue inhibitor | KKL35 | KKL 35 | CAS [865285-29-6] | Axon 2997 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity available...
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tmRNA and associated ligands: a puzzling relationship. - Inserm
Translation is an efficient and accurate mechanism, needing thorough systems of control-quality to ensure the correspondence between the information carried by the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the newly synthesized protein. Among them, trans-translation ensures delivering of stalled ribosomes when translation occurs on truncated mRNAs in bacteria, followed by the degradation of the incomplete nascent proteins. This process requires transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), an original molecule acting as both a tRNA and an mRNA. tmRNA first enters the decoding site of stuck ribosomes and, despite the lack of any codon-anticodon interaction, acts as a tRNA by transferring its alanine to the incomplete protein. Translation then switches to a small internal coding sequence (mRNA domain), which encodes a tag directing the incomplete protein towards degradation. Although playing a central role during trans-translation, tmRNA function depends on associated proteins. Genetic, biochemical and recent structural data are
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00713122
Global snapshots of bacterial RNA networks | The EMBO Journal
Waters et al (2017) build on previous work from the Tollervey group who originally developed cross‐linking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) to discover new snoRNA-rRNA interactions on snoRNA‐related yeast proteins (Kudla et al, 2011). An earlier attempt to apply this proximity ligation method to Hfq in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) yielded few RNA hybrids (Tree et al, 2014); however, encouraged by the observation that RNase E recognizes the short seed helix formed between an sRNA and its target (Bandyra et al, 2012), the authors now focused on ligation to RNase E, which much elevated the proportion of RNA hybrids (Waters et al, 2017). Since these hybrids are significantly enriched in pairs of known sRNA seed regions and co‐regulated targets, they likely represent bona fide sRNA-mRNA interactions. What recruits RNase E to these many duplexes cannot be directly concluded from the data. However, plenty of coincidences with Hfq sites suggest a model whereby RNase E is recruited ...
http://emboj.embopress.org/content/early/2016/12/28/embj.201696072
MK-8776 ic50 | Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of oral DEBIO1143 (AT-406)MK-8776 ic50 | Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of oral DEBIO1143 (AT-406)
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Information srep11880-s1. model of interacting individual cells. By heading beyond the cell-autonomous explanation, we present that primary physico-chemical constraints certainly favour the establishment of such a coupling under Srebf1 extremely broad circumstances. The MK-8776 ic50 characterization we attained by tuning the aberrant cells demand for ATP, amino-acids and MK-8776 ic50 essential fatty acids and/or the imbalance in nutritional partitioning provides quantitative support to the theory that synergistic multi-cell results enjoy a central function in tumor sustainment. In mind, a cells lively problem is composed in selecting how exactly to process nutrition (say, glucose molecules) into chemical energy (adenosine 5-triphosphate, ATP) that will then be transduced into useful forms of mechanical or chemical work. Rapid cellular growth, in specific, requires high rates of macromolecular biosynthesis and MK-8776 ic50 of energy production, which ...
https://at-406.net/tag/mk-8776-ic50/
CAS CH 421 » Academics | Boston UniversityCAS CH 421 » Academics | Boston University
Introductory biochemistry. Protein structure and folding, enzyme mechanisms, kinetics, and allostery; nucleic acid structure; macromolecular biosynthesis with emphasis on specificity and fidelity; lipids and membrane structure; vitamins and coenzymes; introduction to intermediary metabolism. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion, four hours lab.. ...
http://www.bu.edu/academics/cas/courses/cas-ch-421/?wantsMobile=true
TIGR00086TIGR00086
This model describes the SsrA-binding protein, also called tmRNA binding protein, small protein B, and SmpB. The small, stable RNA SsrA (also called tmRNA or 10Sa RNA) recognizes stalled ribosomes such as occur during translation from message that lacks a stop codon. It becomes charged with Ala like a tRNA, then acts as mRNA to resume translation started with the defective mRNA. The short C-terminal peptide tag added by the SsrA system marks the abortively translated protein for degradation. SmpB binds SsrA after its aminoacylation but before the coupling of the Ala to the nascent polypeptide chain and is an essential part of the SsrA peptide tagging system. SmpB has been associated with the survival of bacterial pathogens in conditions of stress. It is universal in the first 100 sequenced bacterial genomes ...
http://www.jcvi.org/cgi-bin/tigrfams/HmmReportPage.cgi?acc=TIGR00086
RCSB PDB - 5U9F: 3.2 A cryo-EM ArfA-RF2 ribosome rescue complex (Structure II)RCSB PDB - 5U9F: 3.2 A cryo-EM ArfA-RF2 ribosome rescue complex (Structure II)
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5u9f
Regulatory RNA qPCR Profiler | System BiosciencesRegulatory RNA qPCR Profiler | System Biosciences
Using the Regulatory RNA qPCR Profiler. First, get your regulatory RNA ready for qPCR by converting to cDNA While some lncRNAs have endogenouse polyA tails, other lncRNAs do not. To enhance qPCR assay performance, the cDNA synthesis workflow includes steps and reagents to polyadenylate all lncRNAs before cDNA conversion using the tagged oligo dT adaptor and random primers. This combined RNA tailing and oligo dT plus random primers boosts cDNA yield significantly and enables strand-specific lncRNA qPCR profiling.. ...
https://systembio.com/shop/regulatory-rna-qpcr-profiler/
Making the jump: new insights into the mechanism of trans -translation | Journal of Biology | Full TextMaking the jump: new insights into the mechanism of trans -translation | Journal of Biology | Full Text
The transfer-messenger ribonucleoprotein (tmRNP), which is composed of RNA and a small protein, small protein B (SmpB), recycles ribosomes that are stalled on broken mRNAs lacking stop codons and tags the partially translated proteins for degradation. Although it is not yet understood how the ribosome gets from the 3 end of the truncated message onto the messenger portion of the tmRNA to add the tag, a recent study in BMC Biology has shed some light on this astonishing feat.
https://jbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/jbiol78
Activation of GCN2 kinase by ribosome stalling links translation elong by Ryuta Ishimura, Gabor Nagy et al.Activation of GCN2 kinase by ribosome stalling links translation elong by Ryuta Ishimura, Gabor Nagy et al.
Ribosome stalling during translation has recently been shown to cause neurodegeneration, yet the signaling pathways triggered by stalled elongation complexes are unknown. To investigate these pathways we analyzed the brain of C57BL/6J-Gtpbp2(nmf205)(-/-) mice in which neuronal elongation complexes are stalled at AGA codons due to deficiencies in a tRNA(Arg)UCU tRNA and GTPBP2, a mammalian ribosome rescue factor. Increased levels of phosphorylation of eIF2α (Ser51) were detected prior to neurodegeneration in these mice and transcriptome analysis demonstrated activation of ATF4, a key transcription factor in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Genetic experiments showed that this pathway was activated by the eIF2α kinase, GCN2, in an apparent deacylated tRNA-independent fashion. Further we found that the ISR attenuates neurodegeneration in C57BL/6J-Gtpbp2(nmf205)(-/-) mice, underscoring the importance of cellular and stress context on the outcome of activation of this pathway. These results
https://mouseion.jax.org/stfb2016/154/
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Publications
Demo, G, Svidritskiy E, Madireddy R, Diaz-Avalos R, Grant T, Grigorieff N, Sousa D, Korostelev AA. 2017. Mechanism of ribosome rescue by ArfA and RF2. eLife. 6(e23687):1-18. Abstract ...
http://grigoriefflab.janelia.org/biblio/author/334?sort=title&order=asc
Sandwalk: Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)Sandwalk: Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Although I am fully convinced of the truth of the views given in this volume, I by no means expect to convince experienced naturalists whose minds are stocked with a multitude of facts all viewed, during a long course of years, from a point of view directly opposite to mine. It is so easy to hide our ignorance under such expressions as plan of creation, unity of design, etc., and to think that we give an explanation when we only restate a fact. Any one whose disposition leads him to attach more weight to unexplained difficulties than to the explanation of a certain number of facts will certainly reject the theory. ...
http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2009/03/ribonucleic-acid-rna.html
KAKEN - Researchers | TAKAHASHI Hidehisa (30423544)KAKEN - Researchers | TAKAHASHI Hidehisa (30423544)
Affiliation：北海道大学,医学研究院,講師, Research Field：General medical chemistry,Pathological medical chemistry,Tumor biology and related fields,Tumor biology, Keywords：転写,RNAポリメラーゼII,発現制御,腫瘍,転写制御,がん,転写因子,ユビキチン,転写伸長因子,腫瘍性疾患, # of Research Projects：9, # of Research Products：70, Ongoing Project：新規の転写伸長制御因子Med26を標的とした腫瘍治療シーズ開発基盤の確立
https://nrid.nii.ac.jp/nrid/1000030423544/
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trans-translation in mycobacteria: expression, regulation, and the effects of ribosome inhibitors :: University of Southern...
Unique bacterial process, trans-translation, has been studied to be an important process in many bacteria. However, there was nothing known about the significance of this process in mycobacteria, especially in relation to drug susceptibility. Consistent with findings in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Synechocystis sp., we found that interfering with the expression of tmRNA and the smpB gene (critical components of trans-translation) in Mycobacterium smegmatis caused increased bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents that target the ribosomes. Moreover, exposure to ribosome inhibitors increased the expression of tmRNA. This increase was driven by the tmRNA gene promoter which activity seemed to utilize a de-repression mechanism. Not only is trans-translation important to the bacterial response to ribosome inhibitors, evidence from this laboratory suggests that trans-translation is essential in mycobacteria. Thus, we believe that trans-translation may represent a new important ...
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/97093/rec/20
Small molecule inhibition of trans-translation impairs Staphylococcus aureus viability [electronic resource] /Small molecule inhibition of trans-translation impairs Staphylococcus aureus viability [electronic resource] /
Staphylococcus aureus quickly develops resistance to antibiotics and poses a significant health threat to humans. New antibiotic targets are needed for the development of new antibiotics. Trans-translation has important roles in maintaining bacterial viability. Small molecules, KKL-35 and KKL-40, were recently identified as specific inhibitors of trans-translation. We have investigated the roles of trans-translation on S. aureus viability and the potential of KKL-35 and KKL-40 as antibiotics. We find that KKLs show bactericidal activity against multiple S. aureus strains at relatively low concentration. We also find that sub-lethal doses of KKLs make S. aureus more susceptible to antimicrobials. Neither KKL-35 nor KKL-40 are cytotoxic to human HeLa cells. Unfortunately, KKL-40 is inactivated by human serum. Therefore, new inhibitors will need to be identified in future studies. Notably, the development of resistance by S.aureus against KKLs remains at a low level. Therefore trans-translation is ...
https://repository.tcu.edu/handle/116099117/8636
Dual-acting riboswitch control of translation initiation and mRNA decay | PNASDual-acting riboswitch control of translation initiation and mRNA decay | PNAS
In contrast to btuB and thiM, our results show that the lysC riboswitch employs a different regulation mechanism, by directly modulating the cleavage of RNase E (Fig. 6B). Our data indicate that, in the absence of ligand, the riboswitch folds into the ON state that not only allows ribosome binding but also sequesters RNase E cleavage sites, thus ensuring efficient mRNA translation. However, in its ligand-bound form, the lysC riboswitch adopts the OFF state that concomitantly sequesters the RBS and exposes RNase E cleavage sites, thus effectively inhibiting translation and initiating mRNA decay. The location of RNase E cleavage sites in the riboswitch expression platform, and not in the ORF, strongly suggests that the lysC riboswitch directly controls the cleavage of the mRNA as a function of ligand binding. In such cases, the transcript stability and concomitant translation are reduced directly through endoribonucleolytic action, a situation referred to as nucleolytic repression (Fig. 6B) ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/109/50/E3444.full
Hok/sok system - WikipediaHok/sok system - Wikipedia
The hok/sok system is a postsegregational killing mechanism employed by the R1 plasmid in Escherichia coli. It was the first type I toxin-antitoxin pair to be identified through characterisation of a plasmid-stabilising locus. It is a type I system because the toxin is neutralised by a complementary RNA, rather than a partnered protein (type II toxin-antitoxin). The hok/sok system involves three genes: hok, host killing - a long lived (half-life 20 minutes) toxin sok, suppression of killing - a short lived (half-life 30 seconds) RNA antitoxin mok, modulation of killing - required for hok translation When E. coli undergoes cell division, the two daughter cells inherit the long-lived hok toxin from the parent cell. Due to the short half-life of the sok antitoxin, daughter cells inherit only small amounts and it quickly degrades. If a daughter cell has inherited the R1 plasmid, it has inherited the sok gene and a strong promoter which brings about high levels of transcription. So much so that in an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hok/sok_system
Metabolic growth rate control in Escherichia coli may be a consequence of subsaturation of the macromolecular biosynthetic...Metabolic growth rate control in Escherichia coli may be a consequence of subsaturation of the macromolecular biosynthetic...
In this paper, the Escherichia coli cell is considered as a system designed for rapid growth, but limited by the medium. We propose that this very design causes the cell to become subsaturated with precursors and catalytic components at all levels of macromolecular biosynthesis and leads to a molecular sharing economy at a high level of competition inside the cell. Thus, the promoters compete with each other in the binding of a limited amount of free RNA polymerase and the ribosome binding sites on the mRNA chains compete with each other for the free ribosomes. The macromolecular chain elongation reactions sequester a considerable proportion of the total amount of RNA polymerase and ribosomes in the cells. We propose that the degree of subsaturation of the macromolecular biosynthetic apparatus renders a variable fraction of RNA polymerase and ribosomes unavailable for the initiation of new chain synthesis and that this, at least in part, determines the composition of the cell as a function of ...
https://mmbr.asm.org/content/54/2/89
Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase<...Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase<...
TY - PAT. T1 - Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase. AU - Ebright, Richard. AU - Feng, Yu. AU - Zhang, Yu. PY - 2017/1. Y1 - 2017/1. N2 - Invention Summary: Bacterial infectious diseases kill 100,000 persons each year in the US and 11 million persons each year worldwide, representing nearly a fifth of deaths each year worldwide. For six decades, antibiotics have been our bulwark against bacterial infectious diseases. However, now this bulwark is collapsing. For all major bacterial pathogens, strains resistant to at least one current antibiotic have arisen, and, for several bacterial pathogens, strains resistant to all current antibiotics have arisen. There is an urgent national and international need for new classes of antibacterial agents effective against bacterial pathogens resistant to current antibacterial agents. Rutgers researchers have identified five new drug targets within the structure of bacterial RNA polymerase, the enzyme ...
https://www.researchwithrutgers.com/en/publications/therapeutics-for-drug-resistant-bacterial-infections-inhibitors-o-2
Genome-wide Annotation, Identification, and Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Regulatory or Small RNA Gene Expression in...Genome-wide Annotation, Identification, and Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Regulatory or Small RNA Gene Expression in...
In 1995, the release of the first fully sequenced bacterial genome heralded a new era of bacterial genomic research (21). Over the past 20 years, the number of sequenced bacterial genomes has risen exponentially, and new research strategies, techniques, and applications have emerged to exploit the opportunities that these resources provide. While raw genomic sequence data are valuable, the availability of fully annotated genome sequences, outlining the positions of known genes and genomic features, dramatically increases their utility. Global expression analysis techniques such as microarrays and RNA-seq depend heavily on annotated genome sequences as a reference source for genes in the bacterial cell. These techniques have proved extremely useful; however, recently, certain limitations to their application are becoming apparent. A major concern in this regard is that they do not provide expression data for genes that are not included in genome annotation files. Bacterial sRNAs represent a class ...
https://mbio.asm.org/content/7/1/e01990-15?ijkey=41a55dfe7fd56df97f36de96fa048cef8bcc4567&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Riboregulation in |i|Neisseria meningitidis|/iRiboregulation in |i|Neisseria meningitidis|/i
In this thesis, we first investigated the regulon of the alternative sigma factor E by employing next-generation sequencing of both the genome and the transcriptome of N. meningitidis wildtype and an overexpression mutant. Its small regulatory repertoire compared to E. coli and its lack of regulating proteins involved in the outer membrane stress response is a prime example of divergent evolution of superficially similar regulatory systems in these two gram-negative bacteria. Second, the chaperon protein Hfq and its role in riboregulation by facilitating RNA-RNA interactions between a sRNA and its mRNA target(s) was investigated by studying its regulatory proteome in depth. Finally, the regulatory roles of two sRNAs, NmsRs and NrrF are described; showing their extensive involvement in the related cell biological processes of carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation by simultaneously downregulating multiple enzymes involved in these pathways ...
http://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=9e03fdac-ffb1-4a53-be2b-091f36ab2422
Need Input on Northern With Bacterial RNANeed Input on Northern With Bacterial RNA
Christine Ward (mjward at vt.edu) wrote: : Greetings Netters: : I could really use some input from those of you with experience doing : Northerns on bacterial RNA. I have been using the Chomczynski (sp?) : and Sacchi procedure (AGPC procedure, Analytical Biochem.) to isolate : total RNA from a Gram negative organism. I have upscaling the original : procedure by a factor of 10 to isolate RNA from about 1 x 10e9 organisms. : When I do my Northerns, all I see is one really good smear. : When I stain the total RNA on the membrane with methylene blue, my markers : look OK, and I can clearly see the 23S and 16S rRNA bands in my RNA prep. : I believe my technique is quite good--using clean pipettors, DEPCd solutions, : storing RNA in formamide etc. OD260/OD280 is about 1.8, which supposedly : indicates pure RNA. My gut instinct is that I have some residual : protein (and therefore RNAse carryover), OR that the particular RNA I am : trying to detect has a very rapid turnover rate (even though the ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1995-March/025926.html
Biomiga Bacterial RNA Kit - R6616-01 [R6616-01] - £128.00 : Interlink Scientific Services Limited, Sales and Maintenance Of...Biomiga Bacterial RNA Kit - R6616-01 [R6616-01] - £128.00 : Interlink Scientific Services Limited, Sales and Maintenance Of...
Interlink Scientific Services Limited Biomiga Bacterial RNA Kit - R6616-01 [R6616-01] - Description : Introduction The EZgeneTM total RNA kit provides an easy and fast method for isolating total RNA from Gram-positive (B. subtilis) Or Gram-negative (E. coli) Bacteria within 30 min. Only trace genomic DNA exists in the purified RNA, which can be eliminated by DNase I treatment (See detail in the protocol) when it is necessary. Storage and StabilityDNase I (optional) and lysozyme should be stored at -20℃. All other components can be stored at room temperature. All kit components are guaranteed for 12 monthsr from the date of purchasing.Kit ContentsCatalog#R6616-00R6616-01R6616-02Preps450250Buffer LY 2.4 mL28 mL135 mLBuffer RB3 mL30 mL135 mLRNA Wash Buffer *2 mL20 mL3 x 24 mLDEPC-Treated dH2O 500 µL10 mL30 mLDNase Stop Buffer 200 µL2.4 mL12 mLezBind Columns450250Collection Tubes8100500Lysozyme 1.2 mg15 mg75 mgUser Menu111Note４DNase I are not supplied. They could be purchased from Biomiga. Before
https://iss-store.co.uk/catalog/chromatography-supplies/biomiga/rna-purification-kits/biomiga-bacterial-rna-kit-r6616-01
DiVA - Search resultDiVA - Search result
It is nowadays widely accepted that non-coding RNAs play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of genes in all kingdoms of life. In bacteria, the largest group of RNA regulators are the small RNAs (sRNAs). Almost all sRNAs act through anti-sense base-pairing with target mRNAs, and by doing so regulate their translation and/or stability. As important modulators of gene expression, sRNAs are involved in all aspects of bacterial physiology. My studies aimed to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind sRNA-mediated gene regulation. We have shown that translation of the di-guanylate-cyclase YdaM, a major player in the biofilm regulatory cascade, is repressed by the sRNAs OmrA and OmrB. OmrAB require the RNA chaperone protein Hfq for efficient regulation. Interestingly, our results suggest a non-canonical mechanism for Hfq-mediated ydaM-OmrA/B base-pairing. Instead of serving as RNA interaction platform, Hfq restructures the ydaM mRNA to enable sRNA binding. We also addressed the ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22authority-person%3A21231%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
Difference between revisions of User:Jarle Pahr/Degradation tags - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of User:Jarle Pahr/Degradation tags - OpenWetWare
Turnover of Endogenous SsrA-tagged Proteins Mediated by ATP-dependent Proteases in Escherichia coli*[S with combining enclosing square]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2516991 ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=User:Jarle_Pahr/Degradation_tags&curid=134571&diff=706515&oldid=706514
Structure and Interactions of Escherichia coli Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid | Biochemical Society TransactionsStructure and Interactions of Escherichia coli Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid | Biochemical Society Transactions
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/5/2/459.1
Transfer RNA molecule - Stock Image G110/0740 - Science Photo LibraryTransfer RNA molecule - Stock Image G110/0740 - Science Photo Library
Transfer RNA molecule. Computer artwork of the double helix of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), formed by spiralling paired strands of sugar phosphates, linked by nucleotide base pairs. Transfer RNA carries amino acid groups to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is controlled by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, not seen) in the nucleus of a cell. - Stock Image G110/0740
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/210196/view
Transfer RNA molecule - Stock Image G110/0742 - Science Photo LibraryTransfer RNA molecule - Stock Image G110/0742 - Science Photo Library
Transfer RNA molecule. Computer artwork of the double helix of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), formed by spiralling paired strands of sugar phosphates, linked by nucleotide base pairs. Transfer RNA carries amino acid groups to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is controlled by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, not seen) in the nucleus of a cell. - Stock Image G110/0742
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/210198/view
Molecular mechanism of mRNA repression in trans by a ProQ‐dependent small RNA | The EMBO Journal
The vast majority of currently known ProQ‐binding sRNAs are of unknown function (Smirnov et al, 2016). We have previously observed that asRNAs are enriched in the ProQ interactome, suggesting that this protein may be involved in gene expression regulation via perfect base pairing with cis‐encoded mRNA targets. Some of these asRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms have been characterized, including members of the Sib, Rdl, and IstR families of type I antitoxins, the transposon‐associated art200 and the intergenic cis‐acting SraG sRNAs (Darfeuille et al, 2007; Ellis et al, 2015; Fontaine et al, 2016; Han et al, 2010; Kawano, 2012; Mok et al, 2010). Some other ProQ‐associated sRNAs are derived from transcriptional attenuators (SraF, rimP leader) or have been proposed to function as trans‐encoded base‐pairing sRNAs (SraL) (Argaman et al, 2001; Naville & Gautheret, 2010; Nechooshtan et al, 2009; Plumbridge et al, 1985; Silva et al, 2013; Sittka et al, 2008). Recently, one of the ...
http://d2ni3bh4dzb2ig.cloudfront.net/content/36/8/1029
Scleraxis messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and its level is down-regulated by bone morphogenetic...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Scleraxis messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and its level is down-regulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/scleraxis-messenger-ribonucleic-acid-is-expressed-in-c2c12-myobla/fingerprints/
Go to a Shamen for Tinnitus?
The first two times we went, he didn´t show up. I stared to wonder if it was a sign that I shouldn´t go. But my friend said, that he was just super busy and sometimes just forgets, as he is Peruvian.. Well, the third time we went he was there. No, let me rephrase that. The third time we went, he came to „his office after an hour of waiting. „His office because it is basically his house, where he reserved a room to welcome his patients. It is a big door on the street, you go in and set foot into a backyard. Here are several buildings, the house of his family, some small stables and a house for visitors. The room I went into to talk to him looked like it had been a stable and he decorated it differently, it was dark and had no windows, oh wait, it had one tiny window, but it didn´t really let the sunlight in.. I had exected a very spiritual person, you know the ones you see on pictures. They have long hair and wear these special clothes, but he was just a normal person. A farmer, comming ...
https://thetinnituslife.com/2017/08/13/go-to-a-shamen-for-tinnitus/
Rn28s1 28S ribosomal RNA [ Mus musculus] annotation in GTF fileRn28s1 28S ribosomal RNA [ Mus musculus] annotation in GTF file
Hi,. I looked at the GTF file M13 from the GENCODE (https://www.gencodegenes.org/mouse_releases/13.html) and I found the gene name for the 18S ribosomal RNA (Rn18s), but I couldnt find the 28S ribosomal RNA (Rn28s). Does anyone know about it? Does it call in other name?. Thanks. ...
https://www.biostars.org/p/272082/
The ribonucleic acid content of chromosomes - CSHL Scientific Digital RepositoryThe ribonucleic acid content of chromosomes - CSHL Scientific Digital Repository
Kaufmann, Berwind Petersen, McDonald, Margaret R., Gay, Helen (November 1948) The ribonucleic acid content of chromosomes. Genetics, 33 (6). p. 615. ...
https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/35929/
peptides Tag
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Altered expression of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA in p53-de¢cientmouse embryos revealed byAltered expression of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA in p53-de¢cientmouse embryos revealed by
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http://123doc.org/document/5678246-altered-expression-of-mitochondrial-16s-ribosomal-rna-in-p53-de-cientmouse-embryos-revealed-by-di-erential-display.htm
permalinkpermalink
Everyone* knows that DNA codes for proteins. In between the DNA and the protein though, there is an intermediate molecule called RNA - ribonucleic acid (DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid). RNA is similar to DNA in many respects - long chain of bases that we can consider letters, which form a code - but its less…
https://theshortearedowl.wordpress.com/2011/04/23/retrogenes-you-cant-explain-that/
Shutting down genes in cancer, bacteria, and virusesShutting down genes in cancer, bacteria, and viruses
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference is a relatively new technique in which small molecules called short interfering RNA (siRNA) can be inserted into cells to turn off a chosen gene.
https://www.eurekalert.org/features/doe/2004-11/ddoe-sdg111104.php
Bacterial small RNABacterial small RNA
Bacterial small RNAs (bsRNA) are small RNAs produced by bacteria; they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, ... May 2015). "SRD: a Staphylococcus regulatory RNA database". RNA. 21 (5): 1005-17. doi:10.1261/rna.049346.114. PMC 4408781. PMID ... How ribonucleases dictate the rules in the control of small non-coding RNAs". RNA Biology. 5 (4): 230-43. doi:10.4161/rna.6915 ... Li L, Huang D, Cheung MK, Nong W, Huang Q, Kwan HS (January 2013). "BSRD: a repository for bacterial small regulatory RNA". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_small_RNA
16S ribosomal RNA16S ribosomal RNA
Bacterial Sequencing The Ribosomal Database Project Ribosomes and Ribosomal RNA: (rRNA) SILVA rRNA database Greengenes: 16S ... 16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the ... "Comparative RNA function analysis reveals high functional similarity between distantly related bacterial 16 S rRNAs". ... "Comparative RNA function analysis reveals high functional similarity between distantly related bacterial 16 S rRNAs". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16S_ribosomal_RNA
Precision diagnosticsPrecision diagnostics
Westermann, Alexander J.; Vogel, Jörg (2018). Host-Pathogen Transcriptomics by Dual RNA-Seq. Bacterial Regulatory RNA. Methods ... Single-cell RNA-sequencing and dual host-pathogen RNA-sequencing are some of the commercially available RNA sequencing ... RNA-Seq allows clinicians to trace cancers when other diagnostic results are ambiguous. RNA sequencing allows further cell ... As a more advanced version of the whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing give additional information when creating an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_diagnostics
List of recombinant proteinsList of recombinant proteins
Bacterial Regulatory RNA. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 905. pp. 273-89. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-949-5_18. ISBN 978-1- ... Dirks-Hofmeister ME, Kolkenbrock S, Moerschbacher BM (2013). "Parameters that enhance the bacterial expression of active plant ... "Ribosome purification approaches for studying interactions of regulatory proteins and RNAs with the ribosome". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_recombinant_proteins
CrfA RNACrfA RNA
Majdalani N, Vanderpool CK, Gottesman S (2005). "Bacterial small RNA regulators". Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 40 (2): 93-113 ... CrfA RNA (Caulobacter response to famine RNA) is a family of non-coding RNAs found in Caulobacter crescentus. CrfA is expressed ... CrfA RNA is one of only 8 putative ncRNAs conserved in the closely related Caulobacter sp. K31. CrfA was found to be ... Landt SG, Abeliuk E, McGrath PT, Lesley JA, McAdams HH, Shapiro L (May 2008). "Small non-coding RNAs in Caulobacter crescentus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrfA_RNA
Small non-coding RNAs in the endosymbiotic diazotroph α-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium melilotiSmall non-coding RNAs in the endosymbiotic diazotroph α-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti
Within genetics, post-genomic research has rendered bacterial small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) as major players in post- ... Majdalani N, Vanderpool CK, Gottesman S (2005). "Bacterial small RNA regulators". Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 40 (2): 93-113. ... These new genomic loci were referred to as smr, for S. meliloti RNA. Seven of the Smr transcripts, which conservation is ... "Identification of differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs in the legume endosymbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_non-coding_RNAs_in_the_endosymbiotic_diazotroph_α-proteobacterium_Sinorhizobium_meliloti
Bacterial DNA binding proteinBacterial DNA binding protein
Schröder O, Wagner R (May 2000). "The bacterial DNA-binding protein H-NS represses ribosomal RNA transcription by trapping RNA ... It has been found that H-NS and RNA polymerase both bind to the P1 promoter and form a complex. When H-NS is bound with RNA ... Additional to this RNA function, it was also demonstrated that HU binds DsrA, a small non-coding RNA that regulates ... However, this protein's function is not solely confined to DNA; HU also binds to RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids with the same affinity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_DNA_binding_protein
List of bacterial ordersList of bacterial orders
All-Species Living Tree Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 132". Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2020-08 ... 2022 Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) Branching order of ... Bacterial phyla List of Archaea genera List of bacteria genera LPSN, list of accepted bacterial and archaeal names Human ... Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bacterial_orders
Bacterial taxonomyBacterial taxonomy
In 1987 Carl Woese divided the Eubacteria into 11 divisions based on 16S ribosomal RNA (SSU) sequences, which with several ... nov.) paraphyly, monophyly, and polyphyly Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) Branching order of bacterial phyla ( ... Bacterial phyla, a complicated classification List of Archaea genera List of Bacteria genera List of bacterial orders List of ... Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_taxonomy
5 prime ureB sRNA5 prime ureB sRNA
Bacterial small RNA Wen, Y; Feng, J; Scott, DR; Marcus, EA; Sachs, G (January 2011). "A cis-encoded antisense small RNA ... In molecular biology, 5' ureB sRNA is a small RNA. It is located at the 5' end of the ureB gene in the urease gene cluster, and ... Wen, Y; Feng, J; Sachs, G (February 2013). "Helicobacter pylori 5'ureB-sRNA, a cis-encoded antisense small RNA, negatively ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_prime_ureB_sRNA
Aar small RNAAar small RNA
Bacterial small RNA Schilling, D; Findeiss, S; Richter, AS; Taylor, JA; Gerischer, U (September 2010). "The small RNA Aar in ... In molecular biology, the Aar small RNA is a small RNA (sRNA) produced by species of Acinetobacter. It was first discovered in ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, RNA, Non-coding RNA). ... Schilling, D; Findeiss, S; Richter, AS; Taylor, JA; Gerischer, U (September 2010). "The small RNA Aar in Acinetobacter baylyi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aar_small_RNA
Sib RNASib RNA
Papenfort K, Vogel J (July 2010). "Regulatory RNA in bacterial pathogens". Cell Host Microbe. 8 (1): 116-127. doi:10.1016/j. ... Sib RNA refers to a group of related non-coding RNA. They were originally named QUAD RNA after they were discovered as four ... Page for QUAD RNA at Rfam (Protein pages needing a picture, Antisense RNA, RNA antitoxins). ... Sib RNA regulates the expression of a toxic protein in a type I toxin-antitoxin system similar to that of hok/sok andldr-rdl ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sib_RNA
Cia-dependent small RNAsCia-dependent small RNAs
Two of these RNAs, csRNA4 and csRNA5, have been shown to affect stationary-phase autolysis. Bacterial small RNA Halfmann, A; ... In molecular biology, cia-dependent small RNAs (csRNAs) are small RNAs produced by Streptococci. These RNAs are part of the ... Marx, P; Nuhn, M; Kovács, M; Hakenbeck, R; Brückner, R (Nov 24, 2010). "Identification of genes for small non-coding RNAs that ... five out of 15 promoters drive expression of small non-coding RNAs". Molecular Microbiology. 66 (1): 110-126. doi:10.1111/j. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cia-dependent_small_RNAs
VR-RNAVR-RNA
Bacterial small RNA Shimizu, T; Yaguchi, H; Ohtani, K; Banu, S; Hayashi, H (Jan 2002). "Clostridial VirR/VirS regulon involves ... In molecular biology, VR-RNA is a small RNA produced by Clostridium perfringens. It functions as a regulator of the two- ... Orphaned articles from April 2014, All orphaned articles, RNA, Non-coding RNA). ... VR-RNA regulates numerous genes including: Toxin-encoding genes plc, colA and cpb2 Other virulence-related genes such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR-RNA
FasX small RNAFasX small RNA
Bacterial small RNA Kreikemeyer, B; Boyle, MD; Buttaro, BA; Heinemann, M; Podbielski, A (Jan 2001). "Group A streptococcal ... Le Rhun, A; Charpentier, E (Apr 2012). "Small RNAs in streptococci". RNA Biology. 9 (4): 414-426. doi:10.4161/rna.20104. PMID ... "The small regulatory RNA FasX controls pilus expression and adherence in the human bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus". ... Ramirez-Peña, E; Treviño, J; Liu, Z; Perez, N; Sumby, P (Dec 2010). "The group A Streptococcus small regulatory RNA FasX ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FasX_small_RNA
Bacterial phylaBacterial phyla
"ARB-Silva: comprehensive ribosomal RNA database". The ARB development Team. Retrieved 2 January 2016. Alexander L. Jaffe, Cindy ... Bacterial phyla entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available ... Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is ... When bacterial nomenclature was controlled under the Botanical Code, the term division was used, but now that bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_phyla
Susan GottesmanSusan Gottesman
She has also played a major role in the discovery and characterization of bacterial small RNAs. Gottesman was born on May 19, ... Small RNA are short RNA sequences that have a wide variety of functions within cells. They have been shown to be vital in cell ... The small RNAs have also been shown to be a factor in certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and liver disease. The ATP- ... The DsrA small RNA helps to translate the RpoS factor by binding to the RpoS leader sequence. Elected to the National Academy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Gottesman
RNA worldRNA world
Nudler E, Mironov AS (Jan 2004). "The riboswitch control of bacterial metabolism". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 29 (1): 11-7 ... Although RNA is fragile, some ancient RNAs may have evolved the ability to methylate other RNAs to protect them. If the RNA ... The RNA world hypothesis places RNA at center-stage when life originated. The RNA world hypothesis is supported by the ... As a consequence a cell must have the ability to make RNA before it can make DNA. The chemical properties of RNA make large RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_world
Glutamine riboswitchGlutamine riboswitch
Westhof E (2010). "The amazing world of bacterial structured RNAs". Genome Biol. 11 (3): 108. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-108. PMC ... Ames TD, Breaker RR (January 2011). "Bacterial aptamers that selectively bind glutamine". RNA Biol. 8 (1): 82-89. doi:10.4161/ ... Some glnA RNAs are located adjacent to other glnA RNAs. These "tandem arrangements" are also exhibited by glycine riboswitches ... Page for glnA RNA at Rfam (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Cis-regulatory RNA elements, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamine_riboswitch
Transfer RNATransfer RNA
Itoh Y, Sekine S, Suetsugu S, Yokoyama S (July 2013). "Tertiary structure of bacterial serenocysteine tRNA". Nucleic Acids ... Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, ... doi:10.4161/rna.27177. PMC 3917982. PMID 24351723. Shigematsu M, Honda S, Kirino Y (2014). "Transfer RNA as a source of small ... Cloverleaf model of tRNA Kim Sung-Hou Kissing stem-loop mRNA non-coding RNA and introns Slippery sequence tmRNA Transfer RNA- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA
Magnesium responsive RNA elementMagnesium responsive RNA element
In order to modulate this process, a bacterial riboswitch will aid in the development of a strong stem-like structure which is ... RNA Biology. 7 (1): 77-83. doi:10.4161/rna.7.1.10490. ISSN 1547-6286. PMID 20023416. S2CID 35406547. Sarkar, Raju; Jaiswar, ... The Magnesium responsive RNA element, not to be confused with the completely distinct M-box riboswitch, is a cis-regulatory ... The way in which both the M-box riboswitch may appear similar to that of the magnesium responsive RNA element is in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_responsive_RNA_element
Peter G. SchultzPeter G. Schultz
"Bacterial Genome Containing Chimeric DNA-RNA Sequences". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 140 (36): 11464-11473. doi: ... One goal of this work is to culture the yeast-bacteria hybrids and see whether the bacterial genome evolves to increase the ... A bacterial organism has been generated which biosynthesizes a novel, previously unnatural amino acid (p-aminophenylalanine) ... and bacteria whose chromosomes are hybrids which include both RNA and DNA. In order to probe details of the traditionally ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_G._Schultz
Cis-regulatory elementCis-regulatory element
Kortmann J, Narberhaus F (March 2012). "Bacterial RNA thermometers: molecular zippers and switches". Nature Reviews. ... Upstream activation sequence RNA List of cis-regulatory RNA elements Polyadenylation signals, mRNA AU-rich element, mRNA Other ... RNA, Non-coding RNA, DNA, Non-coding DNA). ... The operator itself does not code for any protein or RNA. In ... Only once this region has been bound with the appropriate set of TFs, and in the proper order, can RNA polymerase bind and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-regulatory_element
Lynn DalgarnoLynn Dalgarno
This ribosomal binding site in bacterial messenger RNA became known as the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence. It enables initiation ... Shine, John; Dalgarno, Lynne (September 1975). "Terminal‐Sequence Analysis of Bacterial Ribosomal RNA". European Journal of ... Dalgarno, L.; Martin, E.M.; Liu, S.-L.; Work, T.S. (January 1966). "Characterization of the products formed by the RNA ... Dalgarno, L; Martin, E.M (July 1965). "Studies on EMC viral RNA synthesis and its localization in infected krebs ascites cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Dalgarno
Dictyoglomi-1 RNA motifDictyoglomi-1 RNA motif
Only four instances of the RNA were detected, and all are in the bacterial phylum Dictyoglomota (formerly Dictyoglomi), whose ... Westhof E (2010). "The amazing world of bacterial structured RNAs". Genome Biol. 11: 108. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-108. PMC ... The RNA might have a cis-regulatory role, but the evidence is ambiguous. Because of the few instances of Dictyoglomi-1 RNAs ... Weinberg Z, Perreault J, Meyer MM, Breaker RR (December 2009). "Exceptional structured noncoding RNAs revealed by bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictyoglomi-1_RNA_motif
RydC RNARydC RNA
RyfA RNA RydB RNA RybB RNA Antal M, Bordeau V, Douchin V, Felden B (March 2005). "A small bacterial RNA regulates a putative ... RydC is a bacterial non-coding RNA. RydC is thought to regulate a mRNA, yejABEF, which encodes an ABC transporter protein. RydC ... Page for RydC RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... biofilm formation in enteric bacteria are controlled by a dynamic small RNA module made up of a pseudoknot assisted by an RNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RydC_RNA
ChloroplastChloroplast
Lim K, Furuta Y, Kobayashi I (October 2012). "Large variations in bacterial ribosomal RNA genes". Molecular Biology and ... tRNA replication origin regions tRNA small RNA ribosomal protein replication origin regions ribosomal RNA tRNAs ribosomal RNA ... The two RNA polymerases may recognize and bind to different kinds of promoters within the chloroplast genome. The ribosomes in ... While similar to bacterial ribosomes, chloroplast translation is more complex than in bacteria, so chloroplast ribosomes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast
Mobile genetic elementsMobile genetic elements
Hausner G, Hafez M, Edgell DR (March 2014). "Bacterial group I introns: mobile RNA catalysts". Mobile DNA. 5 (1): 8. doi: ... Viruses: These are viral agents composed of a molecule of genetic material (DNA or RNA) and with the ability to form complex ... Satellite nucleic acids: These are DNA or RNA molecules, which are encapsulated as a stowaway in the virions of certain helper ... Viroids: These are viral agents that consist of small circular RNA molecules that infect and replicate in plants. These mobile ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_genetic_elements
Bacterial soft rotBacterial soft rot
SRE small RNA Tomlinson, D. L. (January 1988). "A Leaf and Fruit Disease of Pandanus conoideus caused by Erwinia carotovora ... All in all, bacterial soft rots cause a greater loss of produce than any other bacterial disease known. The bacteria, Erwinia ... Bacterial soft rots are caused by several types of bacteria, but most commonly by species of gram-negative bacteria, Erwinia, ... There are many ways in which a plant can become infected by a bacterial soft rot. They can be host to the bacteria either by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_soft_rot
Proline-Rich Coiled Coil 1Proline-Rich Coiled Coil 1
No evidence of RNA alternate splicing was determined. Kagachi, Chihiro (2007). "A Comparison of Bacterial Genomes". Seikagaku- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline-Rich_Coiled_Coil_1
Locus BiosciencesLocus Biosciences
The intended therapeutic targets are antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The company was founded as a spin-off from ... Wiedenheft B, Sternberg SH, Doudna JA (February 2012). "RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archaea". Nature. ... 818 million to develop CRISPR-Cas3 drugs targeting two bacterial pathogens. Locus received $20 million upfront and up to $798 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_Biosciences
PhosphoribosylaminePhosphoribosylamine
Gupta, Rani; Gupta, Namita (2021). "Nucleotide Biosynthesis and Regulation". Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and ... and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from PRA. It ... Mechanistic Analysis of the Bacterial Hydroxymethylpyrimidine Phosphate Synthase". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoribosylamine
Synthetic virologySynthetic virology
Both RNA and DNA viruses can be made using existing methods. RNA viruses have historically been utilized due to the typically ... synthetic virology technology to investigate anti-bacterial viruses and gene therapy vectors for cancer v t e (Articles with ... both in the case of DNA and RNA viruses. For many viruses, viral RNA is infectious when introduced into a cell (during ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_virology
Phage displayPhage display
Phage eluted in the final step can be used to infect a suitable bacterial host, from which the phagemids can be collected and ... Danner S, Belasco JG (November 2001). "T7 phage display: a novel genetic selection system for cloning RNA-binding proteins from ... The phage gene and insert DNA hybrid is then inserted (a process known as "transduction") into E. coli bacterial cells such as ... Those that remain can be eluted, used to produce more phage (by bacterial infection with helper phage) and to produce a phage ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display
Prokaryotic DNA replicationProkaryotic DNA replication
The RNA primers of Okazaki fragments are subsequently degraded by RNase H and DNA Polymerase I (exonuclease), and the gaps (or ... In E. coli these proteins include DiaA, SeqA, IciA, HU, and ArcA-P, but they vary across other bacterial species. A few other ... Bacterial origins regulate orisome assembly, a nuclei-protein complex assembled on the origin responsible for unwinding the ... Frimodt-Møller J, Charbon G, Løbner-Olesen A (December 2016). "Control of bacterial chromosome replication by non-coding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryotic_DNA_replication
MetabolismMetabolism
Many viruses have an RNA genome, such as HIV, which uses reverse transcription to create a DNA template from its viral RNA ... Bacterial metabolic networks are a striking example of bow-tie organization, an architecture able to input a wide range of ... RNA in ribozymes such as spliceosomes and ribosomes is similar to enzymes as it can catalyze chemical reactions. Individual ... The two nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are polymers of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a phosphate attached to a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism
Genome sizeGenome size
The majority of RNA viruses lack an RNA proofreading facility, which limits their replication fidelity and hence their genome ... Mira, Alex; Ochman, Howard; Moran, Nancy A. (2001-10-01). "Deletional bias and the evolution of bacterial genomes". Trends in ... This has also been described as the "Eigen paradox". An exception to the rule of small genome sizes in RNA viruses is found in ... It has been proposed that the small size of RNA viruses is locked into a three-part relation between replication fidelity, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_size
NatronoanaerobiumNatronoanaerobium
List of bacterial orders List of bacteria genera Sayers; et al. "Natronoanaerobium". National Center for Biotechnology ... "Natronoanaerobium salstagnum 16S ribosomal RNA". European Nucleotide Archive. Retrieved 2022-10-21. Gou M, Wang HZ, Yuan HW, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natronoanaerobium
InterferonInterferon
Binding of molecules uniquely found in microbes-viral glycoproteins, viral RNA, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), ... Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ... RNA interference technology tools such as siRNA or vector-based reagents can either silence or stimulate interferon pathways. ... The superinduced human beta interferon messenger RNA was prepared by Tan's lab for Cetus corp. to clone the human beta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon
SulfolobusSulfolobus
This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction, similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation that is ... All-Species Living Tree Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 132". Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2015-08 ... making the lipids more resistant to heat and acidity than bacterial and eukaryotic ester-linked lipids. The Sulfolobales are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolobus
PhotoRC RNA motifsPhotoRC RNA motifs
It was proposed that PhotoRC RNAs are cis-regulatory elements functioning at the RNA level, since bacterial cis-regulatory RNAs ... Two such RNA classes were identified and called the PhotoRC-I and PhotoRC-II motifs. PhotoRC-I RNAs were detected in the ... PhotoRC RNA motifs refer to conserved RNA structures that are associated with genes acting in the photosynthetic reaction ... The PhotoRC motif RNAs are located upstream of, and presumably in the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs), of genes that are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhotoRC_RNA_motifs
Promoter (genetics)Promoter (genetics)
November 1993). "A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase". ... 5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNAs RNA polymerase II: transcribes genes encoding messenger RNA and certain small nuclear RNAs and ... microRNA RNA polymerase III: transcribes genes encoding transfer RNA, 5s ribosomal RNAs and other small RNAs General ... For transcription to take place, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)
Klaus SchultenKlaus Schulten
Another was that the virus coat, the protein capsid, is dependent upon the genetic material in the RNA core of the particle and ... transfer and spin exchange contributing to the magnetic field dependence of the primary photochemical reaction of bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Schulten
Mitochondrial DNAMitochondrial DNA
With the mitochondrial RNA processing, individual mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA sequences are released from the primary transcript. ... Alverson AJ, Rice DW, Dickinson S, Barry K, Palmer JD (July 2011). "Origins and recombination of the bacterial-sized ... Measurement of the levels of the mtDNA-encoded RNAs in bovine tissues has shown that there are major differences in the ... The heavy strand is rich in guanine and encodes 12 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, two ribosomal RNAs (12S ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA
Zinc deficiencyZinc deficiency
It is important in maintaining basic cellular functions such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, cell division and cell ... and opportunistic candidiasis and bacterial infections. Numerous small bowel diseases which cause destruction or malfunction of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency
COVID-19COVID-19
The standard methods of testing for presence of SARS-CoV-2 are nucleic acid tests, which detects the presence of viral RNA ... Hydrogen peroxide is used to help eliminate bacterial spores in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand antisepsis ... As these tests detect RNA but not infectious virus, its "ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited." ... "guidance for procedures to be implemented in laboratories to provide assurance of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA results during ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19
Cell cycleCell cycle
Rates of RNA transcription and protein synthesis are very low during this phase. An exception to this is histone production, ... The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter ... eds.). Novel Genome-Scale Correlation between DNA Replication and RNA Transcription During the Cell Cycle in Yeast is Predicted ... cell growth and the bacterial cell cycle". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 7 (11): 822-7. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2202. PMC 2887316. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle
Rhodobacter sphaeroidesRhodobacter sphaeroides
Bacterial small RNAs have been identified as components of many regulatory networks. Twenty sRNAs were experimentally ... "Regulation of bacterial photosynthesis genes by the small noncoding RNA PcrZ". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... PcrZ (photosynthesis control RNA Z) identified in R. sphaeroides, is a trans-acting sRNA which counteracts the redox-dependent ... One of the 1O2 induced sRNAs SorY (1O2 resistance RNA Y) was shown to be induced under several stress conditions and conferred ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodobacter_sphaeroides
Pal MaligaPal Maliga
Hajdukiewicz, P, Allison, LA, Maliga, P (1997). "The two RNA polymerases encoded by the nuclear and the plastid compartments ... Importantly, the insecticidal protein could be translated from the bacterial AU-rich mRNA, while for nuclear expression only ... Chloroplast reverse genetics revealed the distinct role of two plastid RNA polymerases. The Maliga lab characterised plastid ... "Affinity purification of the tobacco plastid RNA polymerase and in vitro reconstitution of the holoenzyme". Plant J. 40 (1): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal_Maliga
Michal HocekMichal Hocek
"Influence of major-groove chemical modifications of DNA on transcription by bacterial RNA polymerases". Nucleic Acids Res. 44 ( ... The methodology is widely used for enzymatic synthesis of DNA or RNA-bearing fluorescent, redox, or reactive labels, as well as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michal_Hocek
IbpB thermometerIbpB thermometer
doi:10.4161/rna.6.4.9014. PMID 19535917. Waldminghaus T, Fippinger A, Alfsmann J, Narberhaus F (December 2005). "RNA ... suggesting more complicated operon regulation exists in bacterial cells. The IbpB protein, whose expression is regulated by the ... The IbpB thermometer is an RNA thermometer element found in the ibpAB operon. The operon contains two heat-shock genes, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IbpB_thermometer
KineococcusKineococcus
The All-Species Living Tree' Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA ... Kineococcus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Portal: Biology v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineococcus
Ubiquitin-like proteinUbiquitin-like protein
Ribet D, Cossart P (November 2018). "Ubiquitin, SUMO, and NEDD8: Key Targets of Bacterial Pathogens" (PDF). Trends in Cell ... RNA splicing, and cellular differentiation. Ubiquitin itself was first discovered in the 1970s and originally named "ubiquitous ... Zhou Y, Zhu Y (January 2015). "Diversity of bacterial manipulation of the host ubiquitin pathways". Cellular Microbiology. 17 ( ... the bacterial sulfur transfer proteins ThiS and MoaD from these pathways share the beta-grasp fold with UBLs, while sequence ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin-like_protein
Biometal (biology)Biometal (biology)
It is most commonly used as a co-factor in eukaryotes and functions as an important functional key in enzymes like RNA ... Because of zinc's antibiotic nature, it is often used in many drugs against bacterial infections in humans. Inversely, due to ... Feig AL, Uhlenbeck OC (1999). "The role of metal ions in RNA biochemistry" (PDF). Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Series. 37: 287- ... the bacterial nature of mitochondria, zinc antibiotics are also lethal to mitochondria and results in cell death at high ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometal_(biology)
PyrobaculumPyrobaculum
... asR3 small RNA Amo, T; Paje, ML; Inagaki, A; Ezaki, S; Atomi, H; Imanaka, T (2002). "Pyrobaculum calidifontis sp. ... The component protein, AbpA, shows homology, both at the sequence and structural level, to the bacterial protein TasA, a major ... "Archaeal bundling pili of Pyrobaculum calidifontis reveal similarities between archaeal and bacterial biofilms". Proceedings of ... component of the extracellular matrix in bacterial biofilms, contributing to biofilm stability. To this date, the strains of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrobaculum
Isocitrate dehydrogenaseIsocitrate dehydrogenase
December 2021). "Comprehensive discovery of novel structured noncoding RNAs in 26 bacterial genomes". RNA Biology. 18 (12): ... There is much detailed knowledge about this bacterial enzyme, and it has been found that most isocitrate dehydrogenases are ... has been reported in bacterial genomes, due to its characteristics this ncRNA resembles previous regulatory motifs called ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase
Mutation Frequency DeclineMutation Frequency Decline
... quickens the bacterial mutation process. This work researches ways to slow the rate of bacterial mutations and to block their ... Mfd utilizes ATP to translocate along DNA, most likely forcing RNA polymerase forward and ultimately dissociating it from the ... In 2015, Merrikh Lab at University of Washington discovered the bacterial protein called Mutation Frequency Decline (Mfd) ... Roberts, Jeffrey; Park, Joo-Seop (2004). "Mfd, the bacterial transcription repair coupling factor: translocation, repair and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_Frequency_Decline
Gisela StorzGisela Storz
Work on small RNAs in Dr. Storz's lab revealed that the RNA chaperone Hfq stimulates the pairing of the majority of the small ... An early focus of her research was the study of redox-sensitive transcription factors and the bacterial and yeast responses to ... As a result of her group's serendipitous detection of the OxyS RNA, one of the first small regulatory RNAs to be discovered, ... While identifying these small RNAs, her lab discovered that some of these small RNAs encode small proteins that had previously ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisela_Storz
Anti small RNAAnti small RNA
... a genome-wide approach for identifying bacterial small RNAs from RNA-Seq data". Nucleic Acids Research. 47 (15): e88. doi: ... Antisense small RNA are short RNA sequences (about 50-500 nucleotides long) that are complementary to other small RNA (sRNA) in ... Thomason MK, Storz G (2010). "Bacterial antisense RNAs: how many are there, and what are they doing?". Annual Review of ... RNA-seq is a popular method used for the identification of small RNA. However, while reliable for eukaryotic sRNA, it remains ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_small_RNA
RNASEH1RNASEH1
2003). "Human RNase H1 uses one tryptophan and two lysines to position the enzyme at the 3'-DNA/5'-RNA terminus of the ... Cerritelli SM, Crouch RJ (1998). "Cloning, expression, and mapping of ribonucleases H of human and mouse related to bacterial ... The RNase H1 is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism. GRCh38: Ensembl ... 2008). "Specific recognition of RNA/DNA hybrid and enhancement of human RNase H1 activity by HBD". EMBO J. 27 (7): 1172-81. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNASEH1
Frontiers | Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Plant-Associated Bacterial CommunitiesFrontiers | Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Plant-Associated Bacterial Communities
For a bacterial community RNA-seq, ,13,500 complete bacterial genomes (NCBI as of 04/2019) is a good starting point, as a ... The very low RNA content of bacterial cells is another challenge, and requires the amplification of RNA or cDNA molecules, ... Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Plant-Associated Bacterial Communities. Qin Ma1†, Heike Bücking2, Jose L. Gonzalez Hernandez1,2 ... Russell, J. H., and Keiler, K. C. (2009). Subcellular localization of a bacterial regulatory RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02452/full
Journal:BAMBEd:Beta-prime subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase - Proteopedia, life in 3DJournal:BAMBEd:Beta-prime subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase - Proteopedia, life in 3D
Beta‐prime subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. Catherine Louise Dornfeld, Mark Hoelzer, Steven Forst [1] ... Dornfeld CL, Hoelzer M, Forst S. Proteopedia entry: beta-prime subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2012 ... Retrieved from "http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Journal:BAMBEd:Beta-prime_subunit_of_bacterial_RNA_polymerase" ...
https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Journal:BAMBEd:Beta-prime_subunit_of_bacterial_RNA_polymerase
Small RNA is Connected to Bacterial Pathogenicity | Cell And Molecular BiologySmall RNA is Connected to Bacterial Pathogenicity | Cell And Molecular Biology
Researchers have now learned that a small bacterial RNA molecule called NikS is regulating many of these factors. The findings ... Bacterial or Viral? The added value of an innovative diagnostic solution for responsiveness when facing clinical uncertainties ... NikS is helping control the gene encoding for the bacterial oncoprotein CagA, which has a major role in H. pylori-induced ... of the different functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of this small RNA during infection and the associated bacterial ...
https://www.labroots.com/trending/cell-and-molecular-biology/18955/small-rna-connected-bacterial-pathogenicity
Bacterial RNA chaperones and chaperone-like riboregulators: behind the scenes of RNA-mediated regulation of cellular metabolism.
RNA-Binding Proteins, Molecular Chaperones, RNA, Bacterial, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, RNA, Small Untranslated ... Bacterial RNA chaperones and chaperone-like riboregulators: behind the scenes of RNA-mediated regulation of cellular metabolism ... RNA chaperone, Hfq, Csra, C-terminal Domain, Rna Metabolism, Riboregulation, Proq, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Host Factor 1 ... In all domains of life, RNA chaperones safeguard and guide the fate of the cellular RNA pool. RNA chaperones comprise ...
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/337378
An RNA-Binding Protein Secreted by a Bacterial Pathogen Modulates RIG-I Signaling - Institut Pasteur
Together, our results unveil that bacterial RNAs can be present extracellularly in association with RBPs, acting as ... Here, we show that the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes secretes a small RBP that we named Zea. We show that Zea binds ... Furthermore, during L. monocytogenes infection, Zea binds RIG-I, the non-self-RNA innate immunity sensor, potentiating ... However, extracellular RBPs have been described in eukaryotes, while secreted bacterial RBPs have not been reported. ...
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02390001
From bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune system to engineered RNA-guided nucleasesFrom bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune system to engineered RNA-guided nucleases
RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems. Nat Biotechnol. 2013. 31. 233. 239. 23360965. 9. Pattanayak. ... A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science. 2012. 337. 816. 821. 22745249. 8. ... CRISPR RNA-guided activation of endogenous human genes. Nat Methods. 2013. 74. Perez-Pinera. P. RNA-guided gene activation by ... CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature. 2011. 471. 602. 607. 21455174. 7. Jinek. M ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/29957/cdc_29957_DS12.txt
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RNA FROM THE BACTERIAL VIRUS R17. - WikidataPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RNA FROM THE BACTERIAL VIRUS R17. - Wikidata
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RNA FROM THE BACTERIAL VIRUS R17. (English) ... PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RNA FROM THE BACTERIAL VIRUS R17.. scientific article ...
https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34427295
Bacterial RNA Purification Kit - 50 PrepBacterial RNA Purification Kit - 50 Prep
The optimized reagents are designed specifically for RNA extraction from bacteria and utilize highly denaturing buffer ... Omni Bacteria RNA Purification Kit contains silica based spin-capture columns and nontoxic reagents. ... Bacteria RNA Purification Kit - 50 Prep. The Omni Bacteria RNA Purification Kit contains silica based spin-capture columns and ... RNA purified using the Omni Bacteria RNA Kit is ready for downstream applications such as RT-PCR. ...
https://us.omni-inc.com/consumables/dna-rna-purification-kits/rna-kits/bacterial-rna-purification-kit-50-prep.html
Staphylococcus aureus Regulatory RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Bloodstream Infections - Volume 22, Number 9-September 2016 -...
Romilly C, Lays C, Tomasini A, Caldelari I, Benito Y, Hammann P, A non-coding RNA promotes bacterial persistence and decreases ... Sassi M, Augagneur Y, Mauro T, Ivain L, Chabelskaya S, Hallier M, SRD: a Staphylococcus regulatory RNA database. RNA. 2015;21: ... RNAs were precipitated and washed with ethanol. Northern blotting of RNA markers was conducted by loading 10 μg of total RNA ... Bacterial Cultures, RNA Isolation, and Expression Analysis. S. aureus strains were grown in Luria-Bertani medium and then ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/9/15-1801_article
List Component of the Bacterial RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme | Paper for Pay
List Component of the Bacterial RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme. by Extra Ninesolo , Jul 10, 2022 , Education Science and Technology ... Which of the following is NOT a component of the bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme? ... the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA decreases. Because _______ temperatures promote DNA melting and encourage RNA polymerase ... In the experiment to study the effect of temperature change on RNA polymerase binding to DNA, we found that as the temperature ...
https://paperforpay.com/list-component-of-the-bacterial-rna-polymerase-core-enzyme/
Structures of the RNA-guided surveillance complex from a bacterial immune system. - Oxford Neuroscience
CRISPRs are transcribed and the long primary transcript is processed into a library of short CRISPR-derived RNAs (crRNAs) that ... Structures of the RNA-guided surveillance complex from a bacterial immune system. ... Structures of the RNA-guided surveillance complex from a bacterial immune system. ... CRISPRs are transcribed and the long primary transcript is processed into a library of short CRISPR-derived RNAs (crRNAs) that ...
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/382764
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System...
High-specificity Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are known to silence target genes; they therefore have the potential of being ... Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Antimicrobials and ... Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Antimicrobials and ... "Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Antimicrobials and ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/2/313
Evolutionary relationships of Candidatus Riesia spp., endosymbiotic enterobacteriaceae living within hematophagous primate...Evolutionary relationships of 'Candidatus Riesia spp.,' endosymbiotic enterobacteriaceae living within hematophagous primate...
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics * Sequence Analysis, DNA * Symbiosis* Substances * DNA, Bacterial * RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220259/
PDF] Stochastic analysis of bistability in coherent mixed feedback loops combining transcriptional and posttranscriptional...PDF] Stochastic analysis of bistability in coherent mixed feedback loops combining transcriptional and posttranscriptional...
They consist of two genes, encoding a transcription factor and a small noncoding RNA (sRNA), which mutually regulate each ... Integration of Bacterial Small RNAs in Regulatory Networks.. *M. Nitzan, Rotem Rehani, H. Margalit ... Synthetic negative feedback circuits using engineered small RNAs. *Ciaran L. Kelly, Andreas W. K. Harris, Harrison Steel, E. J ... Bistability and Oscillations in Gene Regulation Mediated by Small Noncoding RNAs. *Dengyu Liu, Xiao Chang, Zengrong Liu, Luonan ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Stochastic-analysis-of-bistability-in-coherent-and-Nitzan-Shimoni/935a496d32393446e226cfbbb5a5e853939cee4d
Algae, tripping the light. FantasticAlgae, tripping the light. Fantastic
Researchers discover a new anti-bacterial toxin that targets RNA. Core Sciences ...
https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/algae-tripping-the-light-fantastic/
Erythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis) Medication: Antitubercular Agents, Antithyroid agents, NSAIDsErythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis) Medication: Antitubercular Agents, Antithyroid agents, NSAIDs
... it inhibits DNA-dependent bacterial but not mammalian RNA polymerase. Cross-resistance may occur. Treat for 6-9 months or until ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1083213-158652/which-medications-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-erythema-induratum-nodular-vasculitis
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Interventions such as improving oral hygiene may lead to decreased S. aureus carriage by reducing other bacterial species such ... RNA; DNA; Deoxyribonucleic acids; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Livestock; Animals; Animal husbandry workers; Animal handlers; ... Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus infection; Infectious agents; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Nasal cavity; ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=agricultur%2A+or+farm%2A&f1=%2A&Adv=0&terms=1&PageNo=108&RecNo=1075&View=f&
Methylation of Mercury in Earthworms and the Effect of Mercury on the Associated Bacterial Communities | PLOS ONEMethylation of Mercury in Earthworms and the Effect of Mercury on the Associated Bacterial Communities | PLOS ONE
Bacterial communities in earthworms were mostly affected by methyl-Hg treatment. Terminal-restriction fragments (T-RFs) ... The impact of Hg on the bacterial community compositions in earthworms was also studied. Tissue concentrations of methyl-Hg in ... Ribosomal RNA Is the Subject Area "Ribosomal RNA" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0061215
Protein and RNA Fate Seminar: 'Structure and evolution of sigma70 bacterial promotors' - Mato Lagator, University of Manchester
Protein and RNA Fate Seminar: "Structure and evolution of sigma70 bacterial promotors" - Mato Lagator, University of Manchester ...
https://events.manchester.ac.uk/event/event:juf-k1rsg7lc-wdtmhh/protein-and-rna-fate-seminar-structure-and-evolution-of-sigma70-bacterial-promotors-mato-lagator-university-of-manchester
SeqTU: A Web Server for Identification of Bacterial Transcription Units | Scientific ReportsSeqTU: A Web Server for Identification of Bacterial Transcription Units | Scientific Reports
... based on two features of the assembled RNA reads: the continuity and stability of RNA-seq coverage across a genomic region. ... A web server, named SeqTU, was developed to automatically identify TUs with given RNA-seq data of any bacterium using a machine ... SeqTU provides a user-friendly interface and automated prediction of TUs from given RNA-seq data. The predicted TUs are ... We have recently developed a machine-learning method to accurately identify TUs from RNA-seq data, ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep43925?error=cookies_not_supported&code=0299dd62-b543-4783-83ad-6a6514b3190e
Methyltransferase-directed orthogonal tagging and sequencing of miRNAs and bacterial small RNAs | BMC Biology | Full TextMethyltransferase-directed orthogonal tagging and sequencing of miRNAs and bacterial small RNAs | BMC Biology | Full Text
... and sequence-related biases introduced by RNA ligases, leading to misrepresentation of particular RNA species. Here, we remedy ... Although high-throughput RNA sequencing is a widely used method for transcriptome analysis, certain steps, such as 3′ adapter ... As RNA methyltransferases share the structure of the AdoMet-binding domain and several specific cofactor binding features, the ... Our findings provide a valuable resource for studies of the RNA-centred regulatory networks in Lactobacilli and pave the way to ...
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-021-01053-w
Acne Keloidalis Nuchae (AKN) Medication: Corticosteroids, Retinoid-like Agents, Antibiotics, Other, Acne Agents, TopicalAcne Keloidalis Nuchae (AKN) Medication: Corticosteroids, Retinoid-like Agents, Antibiotics, Other, Acne Agents, Topical
Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic; it inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis. ... Rifampin inhibits RNA synthesis in bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which, in turn, ... Doxycycline may block dissociation of peptidyl t-RNA from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest. ... It inhibits protein synthesis and, thus, bacterial growth by binding to 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1072149-medication
Products in RNA, Extraction Kits on Thomas ScientificProducts in RNA, Extraction Kits on Thomas Scientific
Direct-zol-96 RNA MagBead Kits, Direct-zol RNA Miniprep Kits, RNA Clean & Concentrator-25 Kits, Direct-zol™ RNA.. ... The Quick-RNA™ Fungal/Bacterial system provides for rapid isolation of RNA from pelleted tough-to-lyse bacterial (e.g., Gram- ... The Quick-RNA™ Fungal/Bacterial system provides for rapid isolation of RNA from pelleted tough-to-lyse bacterial (e.g., Gram- ... For purification of total RNA including small RNAs (~50 µg), the Quick-RNA™ Plant Miniprep features a specially formulated RNA ...
https://www.thomassci.com/nav/cat1/RNAextractionkits/0
CEP95 centrosomal protein 95 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBICEP95 centrosomal protein 95 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
SMC_prok_B; chromosome segregation protein SMC, common bacterial type. RNA. * XR_007065529.1 RNA Sequence ... Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues. *Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals ... Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.. Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly. Genomic * NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38 ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/90799
Possible Universal Flu Vaccine made from Messenger RNA | NextBigFuture.comPossible Universal Flu Vaccine made from Messenger RNA | NextBigFuture.com
... a vaccine against flu has been made out of messenger RNA (mRNA) - the genetic material that controls ... "We think that mRNA would provide an excellent platform against viral, bacterial and fungal diseases," he says. ... Home » Uncategorized » Possible Universal Flu Vaccine made from Messenger RNA. Possible Universal Flu Vaccine made from ... Trial RNA vaccines have failed, however, after being destroyed rapidly in the blood. But CureVac, a company in Tübingen, ...
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2012/11/possible-universal-flu-vaccine-made.html
GENEWIZ from Azenta | Bacterial and Fungal IdentificationGENEWIZ from Azenta | Bacterial and Fungal Identification
16S rRNA sequencing is also a standard tool for bacterial phylogenetic and taxonomic studies. ... A common method for identifying bacterial strains is analyzing the sequence of the gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA ... 16S/ITS rRNA SERVICE DETAILS. *PCR amplification directly from bacterial or fungal colonies ... Bacterial and Fungal Identification. Common methods used for identifying bacterial and fungal strains are 16S rRNA gene ...
https://www.genewiz.com/en-GB/Public/Services/Molecular-Genetics/Bacterial-and-Fungal-Identification
Supplementary information and source code for An atypical class of non-coding small RNAs produced in rice leaves upon...Supplementary information and source code for "An atypical class of non-coding small RNAs produced in rice leaves upon...
A set of 163 xisRNAs loci were distinctively upregulated in response to various bacterial strains at an early stage of ... Deep small RNA (sRNA) sequencing analysis discovered a class of sRNA in rice (Oryza sativa) specifically associated with foliar ... Notably xisRNAs production was dependent on the X. oryzae Type III secretion system, a major bacterial virulence factor for ... xisRNAs exhibit features of small interfering RNAs and their biosynthesis depend on canonical components OsDCL1 and OsHEN1. ...
https://dataverse.ird.fr/dataset.xhtml
Inhibition mechanisms of AcrF9, AcrF8, and AcrF6 against type I-F CRISPR-Cas complex revealed by cryo-EM (Journal Article) |...Inhibition mechanisms of AcrF9, AcrF8, and AcrF6 against type I-F CRISPR-Cas complex revealed by cryo-EM (Journal Article) |...
RNA-guided complex from a bacterial immune system enhances target recognition through seed sequence interactions journal, May ... We report on cryo-EM structures of Thermococcus onnurineus CsmcrRNA binary, CsmcrRNA-target RNA and CsmcrRNA-target RNAanti-tag ... Here, a central element of this immune system is an RNA-guided surveillance complex capable of targeting non-self DNA or RNA ... Type ΙΙΙ CRISPR-Cas systems provide robust immunity against foreign RNA and DNA by sequence-specific RNase and target RNA- ...
https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1616844-inhibition-mechanisms-acrf9-acrf8-acrf6-against-type-crisprcas-complex-revealed-cryo-em
Sandwalk: November 2011Sandwalk: November 2011
UPDATE: The molecule is rifampicin, an inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase. The winner is Philip Rodger. Congratulations ...
https://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2011/11/
PolymeraseBacteriaViral2022GenesEscherichiaProteinsStrainsMRNAProtein synthesisGenomicInfectionsGenomeRibosomal RNAInfectionAssayMoleculesSpeciesSARS-CoV-2 RNATranscriptionBiologySingle-stranded RNA virusesNucleotideCell wall synthesisGene Regulation MediatedPathwaysPurificationAntisenseGeneticExtracellularMicroRNAsSusceptiblePathogenCellsDiversityMetabolismPathogensTRNARegulatoryEnzymeExtraction KitMicrobialRegulationNucleotidesCRISPRBiologicalSequencesMoleculeMechanismsSymbiosisTranscriptsArchaealCellularSmallFungalVirusesSamplesFunctional
Polymerase21
  • Dornfeld CL, Hoelzer M, Forst S. Proteopedia entry: beta-prime subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. (proteopedia.org)
  • Which of the following is NOT a component of the bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme? (paperforpay.com)
  • In the experiment to study the effect of temperature change on RNA polymerase binding to DNA, we found that as the temperature is _______, the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA decreases. (paperforpay.com)
  • Because _______ temperatures promote DNA melting and encourage RNA polymerase binding. (paperforpay.com)
  • it inhibits DNA-dependent bacterial but not mammalian RNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
  • Rifampin inhibits RNA synthesis in bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which, in turn, blocks RNA transcription. (medscape.com)
  • Exposed surfaces of each domain are important for RNA polymerase binding. (rcsb.org)
  • Klein BJ, Bose D, Baker KJ, Yusoff ZM, Zhang X & Murakami KS (2011) RNA polymerase and transcription elongation factor Spt4/5 complex structure . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Bose D, Pape T, Burrows PC, Rappas M, Wigneshweraraj SR, Buck M & Zhang X (2008) Organization of an Activator-Bound RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Rifabutin is an ansamycin antibiotic derived from rifamycin S. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing chain initiation, in susceptible bacterial strains. (medscape.com)
  • Useful in combination with other drugs, rifampin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of the function of Escherichia coli poly (A) polymerase I in RNA metabolism. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Our Bst DNA/RNA Polymerase is at the core of this platform, which is a mixture of Bst polymerase and extremely thermostable reverse transcriptase. (sbsgenetech.com)
  • In these bacteria, as one molecular machine, the RNA polymerase, moves along the DNA transcribing it into RNA, it is followed in close pursuit by a second molecular machine, the ribosome, which translates the RNA into proteins. (mit.edu)
  • When DNA is transcribed into RNA, the resulting transcripts are generally longer than the DNA coding sequence because they also have to include an extra bit at the end to signal the polymerase to stop. (mit.edu)
  • In B. subtilis , Lalanne noticed there simply wasn't enough space between the ends of the coding sequences and the ends of the RNA transcripts - the extra code was too short for both the polymerase and the ribosome to fit at the same time. (mit.edu)
  • To delve further into these puzzling observations, Johnson measured the speeds of the RNA polymerase and ribosome in B. subtilis . (mit.edu)
  • During coupled transcription-translation in E. coli , the ribosome is so closely associated with the RNA polymerase that it can control when transcription terminates. (mit.edu)
  • If the RNA encodes a "premature" signal for the polymerase to stop transcribing, the nearby ribosome can mask it and spur the polymerase on. (mit.edu)
  • Rifaximin acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme. (blogspot.com)
  • Standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be done with INCB018424 biological activity smaller amounts of RNA (20C40 ng), but quantification is hard and relies on endpoint analysis of the PCR product. (irjs.info)
Bacteria22
  • In bacteria, three main proteins - Hfq, ProQ, and CsrA - have been shown to regulate numerous complex processes, including bacterial growth, stress response and virulence. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The Omni Bacteria RNA Purification Kit contains silica based spin-capture columns and nontoxic reagents. (omni-inc.com)
  • The optimized reagents are designed specifically for RNA extraction from bacteria and utilize highly denaturing buffer conditions to inactivate RNase's. (omni-inc.com)
  • RNA purified using the Omni Bacteria RNA Kit is ready for downstream applications such as RT-PCR. (omni-inc.com)
  • It inhibits protein synthesis and, thus, bacterial growth by binding to 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • We have recently developed a web server, SeqTU , for identifying TUs in bacteria based on an organism's RNA-seq data, and the pipeline is shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)
  • Moreover, bacteria within biofilms are significantly affected by matrix components that influence adhesion of the cells to solid substrata and cohesion between bacterial cells [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In most bacteria, ribosomal RNA is transcribed as a single polycistronic precursor that is first processed by RNase III. (researchgate.net)
  • We are exploring the CRISPR system a small RNA-dependent acquired immunity in bacteria. (ualberta.ca)
  • The study, led by John Whitney at the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, shows that the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , known to cause hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, secretes a toxin that has evolved to kill other species of bacteria. (news-medical.net)
  • This research is significant, because it shows that the toxin targets essential RNA molecules of other bacteria, effectively rendering them non-functional. (news-medical.net)
  • Like humans, bacteria require properly functioning RNA in order to live. (news-medical.net)
  • Non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate various cellular processes in bacteria. (pdx.edu)
  • Dustin Van Hofwegen, a biology professor at Azusa Pacific University in California, specializes in microbial genomics, bacterial evolution, and molecular mechanisms of gene regulation in bacteria. (idthefuture.com)
  • RNA snap™: a rapid, quantitative and inexpensive, method for isolating total RNA from bacteria. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Doxycycline inhibits protein synthesis and, therefore, bacterial growth by binding with 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Efficient Enrichment of Bacterial mRNA from Host-Bacteria Total RNA Samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, kills and prevents the growth of bacteria as protein and RNA is vital for the multiplicatio n and basic functioning of the bacterial cell. (pharmeasy.in)
  • This medication works by inhibiting the RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by making bonds with the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid. (demegaformulations.co.in)
  • This "coupled" transcription-translation helps monitor and tune RNA output, and is considered a hallmark of bacteria. (mit.edu)
  • At deeper depths the bacteria develop unique adaptations to make do without sunlight and, in general, this leads to greater bacterial diversity at depth. (si.edu)
  • Acinetobacter baumannii strains with multiple antimicrobial resistance are primarily known as opportunistic nosocomial bacteria but they may also be regarded as emerging bacterial contaminants of food samples of animal origin. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral16
  • Bacterial or Viral? (labroots.com)
  • The Quick-RNA Viral 96 Kit is designed for the rapid isolation of high-quality viral RNA from a wide range of biological sources. (thomassci.com)
  • The kit can be used to isolate viral RNA from cell-free body fluids and cellular suspensions at concentrations ≤ 105 cells/ml. (thomassci.com)
  • We think that mRNA would provide an excellent platform against viral, bacterial and fungal diseases," he says. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • One of the core strengths of the book includes spectrum of disease-specific chapters from experts in the field highlighting RNA-based regulation in metabolic & neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, inflammatory disease, viral and bacterial infections. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Large RNAs and complex ribonucleoprotein machines such as the spliceosome and ribosome play a key role in constitutive and regulated cellular processes and in the life cycle of viral pathogens. (ualberta.ca)
  • Bacterial infections often follow a viral infection, such as an ear or sinus infection following a "cold. (sspediatrics.com)
  • A continuous, prolonged period (10-21 days) of green runny nose is likely to be a bacterial infection since most runny noses from viral upper respiratory infections will have improved by that time. (sspediatrics.com)
  • An office visit early in a viral illness cannot prevent the progression of the illness nor can it stave off a secondary bacterial infection. (sspediatrics.com)
  • And then the virus, the influenza viruses have a genome that's made up of eight segments of viral RNA, and so, you know, related segments of each of the eight strands of the canine influenza viruses have been found in different avian viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • It is noteworthy that the initial clinical infections can present high morbidity and low presentations of viral meningitis and bacterial mortality rates. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to 2002/2003, during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV virus, we now have a new tool with single cell RNA-Sequencing that allows us to understand the heterogeneity of viral infections at an unprecedented level. (dolomite-bio.com)
  • The percentage of viral transcripts in the cellular RNA was lowest in H1299 cells. (dolomite-bio.com)
  • After 4h the percentage of cells with detectable amounts of viral RNA were between 40 and 60% which increased to 100% after 8 hpi (hours post infection) with viral load being comparable between the two viruses. (dolomite-bio.com)
  • Target and functional analysis revealed enrichment for genes involved in viral infections and the cellular response to infection as well as one miRNA, hsa-miR-15b-5p, that targeted the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mechanistically, this compound inhibits SARS-CoV-2 at a post-entry step by specifically blocking translation initiation of viral RNA. (bvsalud.org)
20222
  • Harrison LJ & Bose D (2022) Enhancer RNAs step forward: new insights into enhancer function . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • 2022) An ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin kills bacterial cells by modifying structured non-coding RNAs. (news-medical.net)
Genes13
  • They consist of two genes, encoding a transcription factor and a small noncoding RNA (sRNA), which mutually regulate each other's expression. (semanticscholar.org)
  • A transcription unit (TU) consists of K ≥ 1consecutive genes on the same strand of a bacterial genome that are transcribed into a single mRNA molecule under certain conditions. (nature.com)
  • Transcription units (TUs) are basic functional units that each consist of genes consecutively arranged on the same strand of a bacterial genome and transcriptionally co-regulated under specific conditions 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are chemical cousins of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The TargeTron Gene Knockout System provides optimized reagents and protocols for the rapid and specific disruption of bacterial genes by insertion of group II introns. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Functional assays indicate that this effect is accompanied by concomitant changes in the expression of the two RsmY/Z small RNAs that control activation of GacA-regulated genes. (rcsb.org)
  • RNA-seq profiling of bacterial cultures amended with root exudates revealed changes in the expression of genes encoding numerous catabolic and anabolic enzymes, transporters, transcriptional regulators, stress response, and conserved hypothetical proteins. (figshare.com)
  • With a positive screen, few cells survive the treatment and we are interested in identifying genes whose guide RNAs increase (are enriched), indicating knockout of those genes leads to resistance. (galaxyproject.org)
  • In that case, we are interested in identifying genes whose guide RNAs decrease (are depleted) compared to a control e.g. vehicle, indicating knockout of those genes increases sensitivity to the treatment. (galaxyproject.org)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.org)
  • Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans they show that the inheritance of small RNAs antisense to histone genes adversely affect the fertility of worms across generations until they become sterile. (pasteur.fr)
  • In addition, they have demonstrated that the transmission of a pool of small RNAs antisense to histone genes into wild-type worms epigenetically affects their fertility. (pasteur.fr)
  • Finally, they have dissected the molecular mechanism by which small RNAs antisense to histone genes are generated and transmitted across generations in piRNA mutants. (pasteur.fr)
Escherichia2
  • Gene knockout using the TargeTron system has been validated in a broad range of bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, and Lactococcus lactis . (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Crystal structure of the bacterial ribosome from Escherichia coli at 3.5 A resolution. (berkeley.edu)
Proteins13
  • RNA chaperones comprise structurally diverse proteins that ensure proper folding, stability, and ribonuclease resistance of RNA, and they support regulatory activities mediated by RNA. (cam.ac.uk)
  • RNA chaperones constitute a topologically diverse group of proteins that often present an unstructured region and bind RNA with limited nucleotide sequence preferences. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Here, we describe relevant novel insights into their common features, including RNA binding properties, unstructured domains, and interplay with other proteins important to RNA metabolism. (cam.ac.uk)
  • New Scientist - In a first for any infectious disease, a vaccine against flu has been made out of messenger RNA (mRNA) - the genetic material that controls the production of proteins. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • The 2.57-Å structure reveals fine details for each molecular component within the Csy complex as well as the direct and water-mediated interactions between proteins and CRISPR RNA (crRNA). (osti.gov)
  • These types of RNA help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The presence of exopolysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA and RNA in biofilms was assessed by a dispersal assay. (hindawi.com)
  • Proteins Specifically Modified with a Chemical Nuclease as Probes of RNA-Protein Interaction. (ualberta.ca)
  • Bacterial regulatory proteins [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Binds to one or more penicillin-binding proteins, which, in turn, inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls. (medscape.com)
  • By binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins, it arrests bacterial cell wall synthesis and inhibits bacterial replication. (medscape.com)
  • Cefixime binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, causing the inhibition of the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. (dwarkeshpharma.com)
  • These have revealed the involvement in the antiviral response of many signaling pathways such as RNA interference (RNAi) Toll, Immune deficiency (IMD), and Janus kinasesignal transducers and activators of transcription (JAKSTAT), as well as melanisation, autophagy and possibly heat shock proteins (HSPs) (reviewed by). (lckinhibitor.com)
Strains3
  • Common methods used for identifying bacterial and fungal strains are 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing respectively. (genewiz.com)
  • A set of 163 xisRNAs loci were distinctively upregulated in response to various bacterial strains at an early stage of infection. (ird.fr)
  • Bacterial strains isolated from meat are both pathogenic and commensal such as Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus species, Listeria monocytogenes , Bacillus spp. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNA3
  • Here we discuss strategies for the isolation of single bacterial cells, mRNA enrichment, library construction, and analysis and interpretation of the resulting single-cell RNA-Seq datasets. (frontiersin.org)
  • Through transcription the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated to form a new piece of messenger RNA (mRNA). (cdc.gov)
  • 12 The total RNA from each sample was divided in half: one half for HDFA after poly(A)+ RNA isolation by using the Oligotex mRNA kit (Qiagen, Santa Clarita, CA) and the other half for HDFA validation by LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN). (irjs.info)
Protein synthesis6
  • it inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Doxycycline may block dissociation of peptidyl t-RNA from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest. (medscape.com)
  • Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 23S RNA of the 50S subunit of the ribosome. (nih.gov)
  • Clarithromycin inhibits bacterial growth, possibly by blocking dissociation of peptidyl transfer RNA (tRNA) from ribosomes, arresting RNA-dependent protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Amikacin irreversibly binds to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, blocks the recognition step in protein synthesis, and causes growth inhibition. (medscape.com)
  • Azithromycin binds to the 50S subunit of the 70S bacterial ribosomes, and therefore inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis in bacterial cells. (dwarkeshpharma.com)
Genomic7
  • We have recently developed a machine-learning method to accurately identify TUs from RNA-seq data, based on two features of the assembled RNA reads: the continuity and stability of RNA-seq coverage across a genomic region. (nature.com)
  • The Quick-DNA/RNA™ kits provide a quick method for the isolation of high quality genomic DNA and total RNA from cells, tissue, blood, biological fluids, etc. (selectscience.net)
  • The kits isolate both genomic DNA and a broad range of RNA species without the use of phenol. (selectscience.net)
  • The guide RNA is a short synthetic RNA composed of a scaffold sequence necessary for Cas9-binding and ~20 nucleotide spacer sequence that binds to the genomic target. (galaxyproject.org)
  • Cells from the timepoints of interest are collected, genomic DNA is extracted, and the guide RNA region is amplified by PCR, followed by sequencing. (galaxyproject.org)
  • LOCUS AB187514 7746 bp RNA linear VRL 01-SEP-2005 DEFINITION Norovirus Hu/GI/Otofuke/1979/JP genomic RNA, complete genome. (cdc.gov)
  • 7746 /organism="Norovirus Hu/GI/Otofuke/1979/JP" /mol_type="genomic RNA" /strain="Otofuke" /db_xref="taxon:290280" /country="Japan" CDS 5. (cdc.gov)
Infections5
  • Common bacterial infections include things like strep throat, impetigo, urinary tract infections, some pneumonias and bronchial infections, and many ear infections. (sspediatrics.com)
  • Mupi 2% cream is used for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. (pharmeasy.in)
  • This medication is an antibiotic, prescribed for certain types of bacterial infections, including infections of the lungs, skin, blood, female reproductive organs and internal organs. (dwarkeshpharma.com)
  • Among them, clofoctol, an antibacterial drug used for the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections, was further investigated due to its favorable safety profile and its pharmacokinetic properties. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Aa is also known as Haemophillus actimycetemcomitans, and is also responsible for a series of systemic infections, including the bacterial endocarditis, the brain and skin abscesses and the urinary tract 39,47,48 . (bvsalud.org)
Genome8
  • RNA-based Regulation in Human Health and Disease offers an in-depth exploration of RNA mediated genome regulation at different hierarchies. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • We hope the book helps researchers, students and clinicians appreciate the role of RNA-based regulation in genome regulation, aiding the development of useful biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, and novel RNA-based therapeutics. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • In fact, much of the genome is transcribed into RNA, but the importance of these non-coding RNAs is only just becoming clear. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Methods Based on reads not mapped to the human genome, we detected microbial nucleic acid signatures in peripheral blood RNA-sequencing for 2,590 current and former smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the COPDGene study. (biorxiv.org)
  • A possible application of this principle involves unmapped RNA-sequencing data ( 6 , 31 , 32 ), with detection via PathSeq ( 33 ), the microbial discovery pipeline for sequencing data available in the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK). (biorxiv.org)
  • It's a bacterial immune system that has been modified for genome editing. (galaxyproject.org)
  • The ease of generating guide RNAs makes CRISPR one of the most scalable genome editing technologies. (galaxyproject.org)
  • PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are considered to be the "guardian of the genome" given their ability to repress transposable elements and preserve genome integrity in animal germlines. (pasteur.fr)
Ribosomal RNA3
  • Is the Subject Area "Ribosomal RNA" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Resistance to clindamycin is most often caused by modification of specific bases of the 23S ribosomal RNA. (nih.gov)
  • Ribosomal RNA adenine dimethylase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Infection9
  • With the knowledge of the different functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of this small RNA during infection and the associated bacterial signaling pathways, we can gain new targets for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies,' said the senior study author Professor Cynthia Sharma, the Chair for Molecular Infection Biology II at Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg. (labroots.com)
  • She is a world-leading expert in regulatory mechanisms underlying processes of infection and immunity in bacterial pathogens. (umu.se)
  • The underlying virus will still get better on its own, but we often treat with antibiotics once a "secondary" bacterial infection occurs or is suspected. (sspediatrics.com)
  • Sometimes it is difficult to tell when a virus is still the predominant cause of the illness or if a bacterial infection is beginning. (sspediatrics.com)
  • Green runny nose means bacterial infection. (sspediatrics.com)
  • Cells expressing the Cas9 enzyme are transduced with the guide RNAs at a low Multiplicity of Infection (MOI), aiming for a minimum starting representation of 300 for each guide, and puromycin is used to remove cells without guides. (galaxyproject.org)
  • th protein and RNA synthesis in bacterial cells, thereby preventing the further growth and spread of infection. (pharmeasy.in)
  • Prior to this, Juliane gained her PhD at Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany in Chromatin remodelling during a fungal‐bacterial interaction. (dolomite-bio.com)
  • The pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is beginning to be elucidated but the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, remains incompletely understood. (bvsalud.org)
Assay2
  • GeneCapture, Inc. is proposing to develop a rapid in vitro diagnostic prototype using our patented molecular-based CAPTURE (ConfirmActive Pathogens Through Unamplified RNA Expression) assay. (sbir.gov)
  • Sequencing of light-organ tissue samples was performed in duplicate with a Qubit RNA BR assay kit. (hopax.cz)
Molecules6
  • it also influences small, non-coding RNA molecules like NikS. (labroots.com)
  • instead, both DNA samples, 20% of the total sequences showed they amplify single isolated DNA molecules and analyze the best matches for the currently reported bacterial DNA them with massively parallel processing. (cdc.gov)
  • RNA molecules adopt defined structural conformations that are essential to exert their function. (researchgate.net)
  • The breakthrough, published in Molecular Cell , was achieved by Bullen following rigorous experimentation on common targets of toxins, such as protein and DNA molecules, before eventually testing the toxin against RNA. (news-medical.net)
  • The results of a study from researchers from Institut Pasteur illustrate how small non-coding RNAs can act as epigenetic molecules capable of transmitting traits across generation, over and above the information encoded in our genomes. (pasteur.fr)
  • Overall, their discoveries advance the concept that small RNAs serve as epigenetic molecules that transmit traits across generations. (pasteur.fr)
Species9
  • We directly detected the causative pathogenic bacterial species in both samples belonged to the phylum microbe in a clinical human sample (diarrheic feces) by Bacteroidetes, the normal fl ora of the human intestine. (cdc.gov)
  • Interventions such as improving oral hygiene may lead to decreased S. aureus carriage by reducing other bacterial species such as Porphyomonas. (cdc.gov)
  • Although high-throughput RNA sequencing is a widely used method for transcriptome analysis, certain steps, such as 3′ adapter ligation in strand-specific RNA sequencing, remain challenging due to structure- and sequence-related biases introduced by RNA ligases, leading to misrepresentation of particular RNA species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that compared to a reference conventional RNA library preparation, methyltransferase-Directed Orthogonal Tagging and RNA sequencing, mDOT-seq, avoids misdetection of unspecific highly-structured RNA species, thus providing better accuracy in identifying the groups of transcripts analysed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The high-coverage approach allowed us to analyze over 398 million reads, revealing that microbial communities are individual-specific and no bacterial species was detected as key player at any time during biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This system of "runaway" transcription creates alternative rules for RNA quality control, and provides insights into the sheer diversity of bacterial species. (mit.edu)
  • To gauge how common runaway transcription is, Lalanne created algorithms that sifted through genomes from over 1,000 bacterial species to identify the ends of transcripts. (mit.edu)
  • Some of the "house- cleaning" enzymes belong to a group of haloacid dehalogenase enzymes (haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase superfamily), which are found in many bacterial species. (cuni.cz)
  • In addition to the anticipated high number of host sequences, we detected in some samples a considerable portion of reads representing diverse bacterial species. (cdc.gov)
SARS-CoV-2 RNA1
  • 30 minutes sample-to-result in vitro diagnostic test, based on isothermal LAMP technology, intended for the extraction and qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA as a single target and combined with the extraction and detection of Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, human respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus in a multiplex panel from a nasopharyngeal, nasal, throat, and buccal samples. (b3cnewswire.com)
Transcription10
  • This module, termed here Double Selector Switch (DSS), comprises the RNA regulator RNAIII and the transcription factor Rot, defining a double-layered switch involving both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Here, we remedy this limitation by adapting two RNA 2′-O-methyltransferases from the Hen1 family for orthogonal chemo-enzymatic click tethering of a 3′ sequencing adapter that supports cDNA production by reverse transcription of the tagged RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sigma subunit is the key regulator of bacterial transcription. (rcsb.org)
  • Bose DA, Donahue G, Reinberg D, Shiekhattar R, Bonasio R & Berger SL (2017) RNA Binding to CBP Stimulates Histone Acetylation and Transcription . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis and, consequently, growth, by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerases, which are required for replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. (medscape.com)
  • This agent inhibits the A subunits of DNA gyrase, resulting in inhibition of bacterial DNA replication and transcription. (medscape.com)
  • The creation of RNA is made possible by a process called bacterial transcription. (cdc.gov)
  • Generations of researchers, including myself, were taught that coupled transcription-translation is fundamental to bacterial gene expression," says Gene-Wei Li, an associate professor of biology and senior author of the study. (mit.edu)
  • manihotis, the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB), uses transcription activator-like20 (TAL20) to induce expression of the S gene MeSWEET10a. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1, 2, 3 The performance of the reverse transcription (RT) response may be suffering from the enzyme, primers, nucleotides, and RNA secondary framework. (irjs.info)
Biology2
  • Research in my laboratory is focused on the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids with an emphasis on biologically important reactions involving RNA. (ualberta.ca)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA), as a key material for genetic information transmission and cell regulation, has been extensively studied in molecular biology. (sbsgenetech.com)
Single-stranded RNA viruses2
  • They are major infectious syndrome in the central nervous single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Noroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses, recognized as a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. (who.int)
Nucleotide2
  • Members of the Hen1 2′-O-methyltransferase subfamily catalyse the transfer of a methyl group from S -adenosyl-L-methionine onto the 2′-O-ribose of the 3′ terminal nucleotide to protect RNA from degradation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enzymes recognizing these modified derivatives are known as "house-cleaning" nucleotide phsphateses, which can inactivate the potentially mutagenic nucleotides and prevent their incorporation into DNA and RNA. (cuni.cz)
Cell wall synthesis2
  • Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with polymerization and cross-linking of peptidoglycan. (medscape.com)
  • Like other beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotaxime inhibits bacterial growth by arresting bacterial cell wall synthesis. (medscape.com)
Gene Regulation Mediated1
  • His research explores the role of post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by small RNAs in bacterial model systems E. coli and Yersinia. (idthefuture.com)
Pathways3
  • It's a total assault on the cell because of how many essential pathways depend on functional RNAs" said first study author Nathan Bullen, a graduate student in McMaster's Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences. (news-medical.net)
  • Findings related to bacterial gene expression overturn fundamental assumptions about basic biological pathways. (mit.edu)
  • In fact, it's becoming increasingly clear that what is true of one bacterial type may not be true of another - even when it comes down to life's most basic biological pathways. (mit.edu)
Purification2
  • The Direct-zol RNA Kits provide a streamlined method for the purification of up to 100 µg (per prep) of high-quality RNA directly from samples in TRI Reagent or similar. (thomassci.com)
  • Total RNA Minipreps from tissues, cultured cells and blood samples The Total RNA MINI and MAXI Kits (Tissue) are specially designed for purification of total RNA from a variety of animal tissues or cells. (thomassci.com)
Antisense1
  • Type I toxin-antitoxin (T1TA) systems constitute a large class of genetic modules with antisense RNA (asRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression. (researchgate.net)
Genetic1
  • They consist of some genetic material (DNA or RNA) coated with a protective covering or shell. (sspediatrics.com)
Extracellular2
  • Extracellular Vesicle RNA: A Universal Mediator of Microbial Communication? (umu.se)
  • The comparison of the bacterial profile of intracellular (iDNA) and extracellular DNA (eDNA) isolated from cow rumen content stored under different conditions was conducted. (elsevier.com)
MicroRNAs1
  • Small RNAs and microRNAs =17 nt are also recovered - no extra steps required! (selectscience.net)
Susceptible1
  • Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin that is used to treat suspected or documented bacterial meningitis caused by susceptible organisms, such as H influenzae or N meningitidis. (medscape.com)
Pathogen1
  • The Dragonfly diagnostic system incorporates the proprietary SmartLid™ sample preparation system to yield high purity DNA and RNA, enabling highly sensitive and accurate pathogen detection. (b3cnewswire.com)
Cells18
  • Particularly, the bacterial communities of the root surface are spatially organized structures composed of root-attached biofilms and planktonic cells arranged in complex layers. (frontiersin.org)
  • With the distinct but coordinated roles among the different member cells, bacterial communities resemble properties of a multicellular organism. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most plant-associated microbial communities, for example root surface bacterial communities, are spatially organized structures composed of root-attached biofilms and planktonic cells arranged in complex layers ( Castiblanco and Sundin, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings provide a valuable resource for studies of the RNA-centred regulatory networks in Lactobacilli and pave the way to developing novel transcriptome and epitranscriptome profiling approaches in vitro and inside living cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Quick-RNA Miniprep is an innovative product designed for the easy, reliable, and rapid isolation of total RNA from cultured cells or solid tissue samples. (thomassci.com)
  • The Quick-RNA Miniprep Plus Kit is an innovative and versatile product designed for the easy, reliable, and rapid isolation of DNA-free RNA from cells, all tissue types, whole blood, and biological fluids. (thomassci.com)
  • Total RNA Minipreps from Plant and Fungal Tissues The Total RNA MINI and MAXI Kits (Plant) provide a simple and fast method to isolate total RNA from plant tissue and cells. (thomassci.com)
  • Target approval by means of compound crosslinking and separation by pull-down showed direct commitment of pre-miR-21 by the little atom in cells, exhibiting that RNAs ought to without a doubt be thought of as druggable. (scitechnol.com)
  • Medications have been developed to kill bacterial cells. (sspediatrics.com)
  • Mupirocin in the Mupi 2% cream works by interfering with protein and RNA synthesis in bacterial cells. (pharmeasy.in)
  • The most sensitive test appears to be reverse transcriptase PCR testing for messenger RNA produced by infected cells. (cpnhelp.org)
  • This testing, for example, showed 18.5% of blood donors to have messenger RNA from Cpn in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (cpnhelp.org)
  • Testing for messenger RNA from infected cells appears to be the most sensitive method. (cpnhelp.org)
  • Methods averaging many cells such as bulk RNA-seq would mask these differences. (dolomite-bio.com)
  • Expression of IFIT1, IFIT2 and OAS2 in H1299 and Calu-3 indicated that the sensing of cytoplasmic foreign RNA is active in these cell types, which was not observed in Caco-2 cells. (dolomite-bio.com)
  • Bacterial cells are constantly exposed to innumerable toxic substances, either in their external environment or by by-products of their own metabolism. (cuni.cz)
  • For these reasons, the bacterial cells evolved several mechanisms to cope with this challenge. (cuni.cz)
  • Materials and Methods Cell Culture and RNA Extraction Two subclones of W12 cervical epithelial cells with HPV16 in differing physical states were a gift from Dr. Paul Lambert (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI). (irjs.info)
Diversity1
  • In this study, we determined the bacterial diversity profile of the Mexico City metro by massive sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. (nature.com)
Metabolism1
  • Bacterial RNA chaperones and chaperone-like riboregulators: behind the scenes of RNA-mediated regulation of cellular metabolism. (cam.ac.uk)
Pathogens2
  • Both DNA samples were subjected to unbiased to detect bacterial pathogens, we used it on DNA from a high-throughput DNA sequencing with a GS20 sequencer patient's feces during and after diarrheal illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of bacterial pathogens from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by using 16S sequencing: Retrospective correlation of results to clinicians' responses. (cdc.gov)
TRNA1
  • m5U54 tRNA Hypomodification by Lack of TRMT2A Drives the Generation of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs. (kaiser-lab.de)
Regulatory3
  • Unraveling regulatory and metabolic processes at the single cell level is expected to yield an unprecedented discovery of mechanisms involved in bacterial recruitment, attachment, assembly, organization of the community, or in the specific interactions among the different members of these communities. (frontiersin.org)
  • In insights into revealing regulatory roles of epigenetic changes in gene expression involving noncoding RNAs associated with synaptic plasticity, bifurcation analyses for the concentrations of miR-124 and piR-F are performed to explore dynamical mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation in long-term memory formation. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Integration of Bacterial Small RNAs in Regulatory Networks. (semanticscholar.org)
Enzyme3
  • A particular Hen1 enzyme typically modifies only a definite type or a subset of RNA substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nanowerk News ) Researchers discovered a bacterial enzyme, structurally characterized at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), that synthesizes a biopolymer whose repeating units are linked together in a way that had not been previously observed ( ACS Central Science , 'A Synthetic Gene Library Yields a Previously Unknown Glycoside Phosphorylase That Degrades and Assembles Poly-β-1,3-GlcNAc, Completing the Suite of β-Linked GlcNAc Polysaccharides' ). (nanowerk.com)
  • A novel biopolymer (acholetin) is produced by a bacterial enzyme (acholetin phosphorylase, or AchP). (nanowerk.com)
Extraction Kit1
  • The Zymo Research Quick DNA/RNA Magbead kit is my favorite extraction kit, and I've tried several methods and brands. (selectscience.net)
Microbial1
  • Interestingly, some individuals showed extreme homeostasis with virtually no changes in the active bacterial population after food ingestion, suggesting the presence of a microbial community which could be associated to dental health. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation2
  • RNA-Based Regulation in Human Health and Disease. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Small RNA-mediated Gene Regulation It has been shown that small RNAs repress or modify gene expression in all organisms. (ualberta.ca)
Nucleotides2
  • During the course of evolution, the structure of a given RNA can be maintained via compensatory base-pair changes that occur among covarying nucleotides in paired regions. (researchgate.net)
  • A particular group of these toxic substances are noncanonica nucleotides, which can directly inhibit bacterial cell DNA replication or can result in increased mutation rate. (cuni.cz)
CRISPR4
  • This widespread adoption has been largely fueled by the emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology, an important new platform for generating RNA-guided nucleases (RGNs), such as Cas9, with customizable specificities. (cdc.gov)
  • More recently, a novel platform based on a bacterial CRISPR-Cas system has been developed that is unique and flexible due to its dependence on RNA as the moiety that targets the nuclease to a desired DNA sequence. (cdc.gov)
  • CRISPRs are transcribed and the long primary transcript is processed into a library of short CRISPR-derived RNAs (crRNAs) that contain a unique sequence complementary to a foreign nucleic-acid challenger. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It consists of 2 components - a guide RNA and a non-specific CRISPR-associated endonuclease called Cas9. (galaxyproject.org)
Biological2
  • Max Ludwig Henning Delbrick applied his knowledge of theoretical physics to biological systems such as bacterial viruses called bacteriophages, or phages, and gene replication during the twentieth century in Germany and the US. (asu.edu)
  • However, these assays are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require large amounts INCB018424 biological activity of RNA ( 5 g total RNA). (irjs.info)
Sequences2
  • Seven orthobunyavirus sequences were detected in the library prepared from pooled RNA from 3 animals of 1 farm (BH 80/11, Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • Restriction enzymes are part of a bacterial immune system, and have been very useful as a tool to cut and paste dna sequences in laboratory applications. (web.app)
Molecule2
  • Researchers have now learned that a small bacterial RNA molecule called NikS is regulating many of these factors. (labroots.com)
  • however, there has been little evidence that a critical part of initiating a stable symbiosis is that the bacterial translation quality-control molecule, SsrA, was the most abundant in the language of beneficial host-microbe associations. (hopax.cz)
Mechanisms1
  • It is widely assumed that the catalytic core of the spliceosome is an RNA structure but little is known about the chemical mechanisms of the transesterification reactions or the structure of the substrate bound at the active site. (ualberta.ca)
Symbiosis1
  • In addition, evidence for bacterial co-association, symbiosis, and habitat sharing suggest that interactions among members might dynamically shape the community composition and function ( Sloan and Lebeis, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
Transcripts1
  • In 2018, Lalanne developed an experimental technique to measure the boundaries of RNA transcripts. (mit.edu)
Archaeal2
  • Bacterial/archaeal/organellar polyadenylation. (openaccesspub.org)
  • RNA extracted from sediment was probed with radiolabeled oligonucleotides targeting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic SSU rRNAs, as well as with a universal probe. (cmich.edu)
Cellular2
  • In all domains of life, RNA chaperones safeguard and guide the fate of the cellular RNA pool. (cam.ac.uk)
  • RNA is similar in structure to DNA but is involved in different cellular functions. (cdc.gov)
Small5
  • AtHEN1 methylation-dependent chemoselective small RNA cloning combined with next-generation sequencing has enabled the cell-type-specific miRNAs profiling in complex animal tissues even using the endogenous AdoMet cofactor [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ZR small-RNA PAGE Recovery Kit provides an easy and efficient method for the extraction of high quality small RNAs from polyacrylamide gels (native and/or denatured). (thomassci.com)
  • This dataset contains additional supporting information and source code related to the discovery of Xanthomonas-induced small RNAs (xisRNAs) as described in the Related Publication. (ird.fr)
  • Deep small RNA (sRNA) sequencing analysis discovered a class of sRNA in rice (Oryza sativa) specifically associated with foliar diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars. (ird.fr)
  • xisRNAs exhibit features of small interfering RNAs and their biosynthesis depend on canonical components OsDCL1 and OsHEN1. (ird.fr)
Fungal1
  • These highly conserved regions are standard tools used to construct bacterial and fungal phylogenies and taxonomies. (genewiz.com)
Viruses1
  • These enzymes are called sitespecific restriction endonucleases, or more simply restriction enzymes, and they naturally function as part of bacterial defenses against viruses and other sources of foreign dna. (web.app)
Samples6
  • I used a bunch of these kits for my dissertation work processing microbiome samples and for simple RNA preps from those same samples, and the extractions were always very high quality and gave great downstream results in PCR and for sequencing. (selectscience.net)
  • Samples clustered according to the type of extracted DNA due to considerable differences between iDNA and eDNA bacterial profiles, while storage temperature and cryoprotectants additives had little effect on sample clustering. (elsevier.com)
  • The sam- target mycobacterial DNA or RNA directly ples were collected from patients with clin- from clinical samples [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • Two libraries each were generated from DNA and RNA isolated from plasma samples ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • We found that a two-step RT-PCR using SYBR Green I dye detection with product verification by melting curve analysis is quick, quantitative, and applicable to samples with limited amount of RNA. (irjs.info)
  • Saliva samples with quick RNA extraction by heating and colorimetric LAMP are promising options for countries with economic and infrastructure limitations. (bvsalud.org)
Functional1
  • Unlike vancomycin, telavancin also depolarizes the bacterial cell membrane and disrupts its functional integrity. (medscape.com)
Quorum Sensing Attenuates Virulence in Sodalis praecaptivus: Cell Host & Microbe
Quorum Sensing Attenuates Virulence in Sodalis praecaptivus: Cell Host & Microbe (cell.com)
Bacterial Phenotype Variants in Group B Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome - Volume 15, Number 2-February 2009 - Emerging...
Bacterial Phenotype Variants in Group B Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome - Volume 15, Number 2-February 2009 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Erythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis) Medication: Antitubercular Agents, Antithyroid agents, NSAIDs
Erythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis) Medication: Antitubercular Agents, Antithyroid agents, NSAIDs (medscape.com)
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Acne Keloidalis Nuchae (AKN) Medication: Corticosteroids, Retinoid-like Agents, Antibiotics, Other, Acne Agents, Topical (medscape.com)
PDF] Stochastic analysis of bistability in coherent mixed feedback loops combining transcriptional and posttranscriptional...
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
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Tonsillitis and Peritonsillar Abscess Medication: Corticosteroids, Antibiotics, Other, Immune Globulins, Analgesics, Other (medscape.com)
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Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Topical Antibiotic Therapy, Neonatal... (medscape.com)
Nested Machine Learning Facilitates Increased Sequence Content for Large-Scale Automated High Resolution Melt Genotyping |...
Nested Machine Learning Facilitates Increased Sequence Content for Large-Scale Automated High Resolution Melt Genotyping |... (nature.com)
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Turkey - Volume 10, Number 8-August 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Turkey - Volume 10, Number 8-August 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Medication: Topical corticosteroids, Systemic corticosteroids, Antimicrobials, Antipruritics,...
Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Medication: Topical corticosteroids, Systemic corticosteroids, Antimicrobials, Antipruritics,... (medscape.com)
Patients With Chronic HCV Who Need Early Treatment
Patients With Chronic HCV Who Need Early Treatment (medscape.com)
Immunotherapy in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Immunotherapy in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (medscape.com)