Meiosis: MeiRNA hits the spot. (1/21477)
The protein Mei2 performs at least two functions required in fission yeast for the switch from mitotic to meiotic cell cycles. One of these functions also requires meiRNA. It appears that meiRNA targets Mei2 to the nucleus, where it can promote the first meiotic division. (+info)Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene is a direct target of c-Myc but is not functionally equivalent in cellular transformation. (2/21477)
The telomerase reverse transcriptase component (TERT) is not expressed in most primary somatic human cells and tissues, but is upregulated in the majority of immortalized cell lines and tumors. Here, we identify the c-Myc transcription factor as a direct mediator of telomerase activation in primary human fibroblasts through its ability to specifically induce TERT gene expression. Through the use of a hormone inducible form of c-Myc (c-Myc-ER), we demonstrate that Myc-induced activation of the hTERT promoter requires an evolutionarily conserved E-box and that c-Myc-ER-induced accumulation of hTERT mRNA takes place in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. These findings demonstrate that the TERT gene is a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. Since telomerase activation frequently correlates with immortalization and telomerase functions to stabilize telomers in cycling cells, we tested whether Myc-induced activation of TERT gene expression represents an important mechanism through which c-Myc acts to immortalize cells. Employing the rat embryo fibroblast cooperation assay, we show that TERT is unable to substitute for c-Myc in the transformation of primary rodent fibroblasts, suggesting that the transforming activities of Myc extend beyond its ability to activate TERT gene expression and hence telomerase activity. (+info)Tight binding of the 5' exon to domain I of a group II self-splicing intron requires completion of the intron active site. (3/21477)
Group II self-splicing requires the 5' exon to form base pairs with two stretches of intronic sequence (EBS1 and EBS2) which also bind the DNA target during retrotransposition of the intron. We have used dimethyl sulfate modification of bases to obtain footprints of the 5' exon on intron Pl.LSU/2 from the mitochondrion of the alga Pylaiella littoralis, as well as on truncated intron derivatives. Aside from the EBS sites, which are part of the same subdomain (ID) of ribozyme secondary structure, three distant adenines become either less or more sensitive to modification in the presence of the exon. Unexpectedly, one of these adenines in subdomain IC1 is footprinted only in the presence of the distal helix of domain V, which is involved in catalysis. While the loss of that footprint is accompanied by a 100-fold decrease in the affinity for the exon, both protection from modification and efficient binding can be restored by a separate domain V transcript, whose binding results in its own, concise footprint on domains I and III. Possible biological implications of the need for the group II active site to be complete in order to observe high-affinity binding of the 5' exon to domain I are discussed. (+info)Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. (4/21477)
The introduction of simian virus 40 large T antigen (SVLT) into human primary cells enables them to proliferate beyond their normal replicative life span. In most cases, this temporary escape from senescence eventually ends in a second proliferative block known as "crisis," during which the cells cease growing or die. Rare immortalization events in which cells escape crisis are frequently correlated with the presence of telomerase activity. We tested the hypothesis that telomerase activation is the critical step in the immortalization process by studying the effects of telomerase activity in two mortal SVLT-Rasval12-transformed human pancreatic cell lines, TRM-6 and betalox5. The telomerase catalytic subunit, hTRT, was introduced into late-passage cells via retroviral gene transfer. Telomerase activity was successfully induced in infected cells, as demonstrated by a telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. In each of nine independent infections, telomerase-positive cells formed rapidly dividing cell lines while control cells entered crisis. Telomere lengths initially increased, but telomeres were then maintained at their new lengths for at least 20 population doublings. These results demonstrate that telomerase activity is sufficient to enable transformed cells to escape crisis and that telomere elongation in these cells occurs in a tightly regulated manner. (+info)The influence of junction conformation on RNA cleavage by the hairpin ribozyme in its natural junction form. (5/21477)
In the natural form of the hairpin ribozyme the two loop-carrying duplexes that comprise the majority of essential bases for activity form two adjacent helical arms of a four-way RNA junction. In the present work we have manipulated the sequence around the junction in a way known to perturb the global folding properties. We find that replacement of the junction by a different sequence that has the same conformational properties as the natural sequence gives closely similar reaction rate and Arrhenius activation energy for the substrate cleavage reaction. By comparison, rotation of the natural sequence in order to alter the three-dimensional folding of the ribozyme leads to a tenfold reduction in the kinetics of cleavage. Replacement with the U1 four-way junction that is resistant to rotation into the antiparallel structure required to allow interaction between the loops also gives a tenfold reduction in cleavage rate. The results indicate that the conformation of the junction has a major influence on the catalytic activity of the ribozyme. The results are all consistent with a role for the junction in the provision of a framework by which the loops are presented for interaction in order to create the active form of the ribozyme. (+info)Molecular dynamics studies of U1A-RNA complexes. (6/21477)
The U1A protein binds to a hairpin RNA and an internal-loop RNA with picomolar affinities. To probe the molecular basis of U1A binding, we performed state-of-the-art nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations on both complexes. The good agreement with experimental structures supports the protocols used in the simulations. We compare the dynamics, hydrogen-bonding occupancies, and interfacial flexibility of both complexes and also describe a rigid-body motion in the U1A-internal loop complex that is not observed in the U1A-hairpin simulation. We relate these observations to experimental mutational studies and highlight their significance in U1A binding affinity and specificity. (+info)A novel nucleotide incorporation activity implicated in the editing of mitochondrial transfer RNAs in Acanthamoeba castellanii. (7/21477)
In Acanthamoeba castellanii, most of the mtDNA-encoded tRNAs are edited by a process that replaces one or more of the first three nucleotides at their 5' ends. As a result, base pairing potential is restored at acceptor stem positions (1:72, 2:71, and/or 3:70, in standard tRNA nomenclature) that are mismatched according to the corresponding tRNA gene sequence. Here we describe a novel nucleotide incorporation activity, partially purified from A. castellanii mitochondria, that has properties implicating it in mitochondrial tRNA editing in this organism. This activity is able to replace nucleotides at the first three positions of a tRNA (positions 1, 2, and 3), matching the newly incorporated residues through canonical base pairing to the respective partner nucleotide in the 3' half of the acceptor stem. Labeling experiments with natural (Escherichia coli tRNATyr) and synthetic (run-off transcripts corresponding to A. castellanii mitochondrial tRNALeu1) substrates suggest that the nucleotide incorporation activity consists of at least two components, a 5' exonuclease or endonuclease and a template-directed 3'-to-5' nucleotidyltransferase. The nucleotidyltransferase component displays an ATP requirement and generates 5' pppN... termini in vitro. The development of an accurate and efficient in vitro system opens the way for detailed studies of the biochemical properties of this novel activity and its relationship to mitochondrial tRNA editing in A. castellanii. In addition, the system will allow delineation of the structural features in a tRNA that identify it as a substrate for the labeling activity. (+info)Photocrosslinking of 4-thio uracil-containing RNAs supports a side-by-side arrangement of domains 5 and 6 of a group II intron. (8/21477)
Previous studies suggested that domains 5 and 6 (D5 and D6) of group II introns act together in splicing and that the two helical structures probably do not interact by helix stacking. Here, we characterized the major Mg2+ ion- and salt-dependent, long-wave UV light-induced, intramolecular crosslinks formed in 4-thiouridine-containing D56 RNA from intron 5gamma (aI5gamma) of the COXI gene of yeast mtDNA. Four major crosslinks were mapped and found to result from covalent bonds between nucleotides separating D5 from D6 [called J(56)] and residues of D6 near and including the branch nucleotide. These findings are extended by results of similar experiments using 4-thioU containing D56 RNAs from a mutant allele of aI5gamma and from the group IIA intron, aI1. Trans-splicing experiments show that the crosslinked wild-type aI5gamma D56 RNAs are active for both splicing reactions, including some first-step branching. An RNA containing the 3-nt J(56) sequence and D6 of aI5gamma yields one main crosslink that is identical to the most minor of the crosslinks obtained with D56 RNA, but in this case in a cation-independent fashion. We conclude that the interaction between J(56) and D6 is influenced by charge repulsion between the D5 and D6 helix backbones and that high concentrations of cations allow the helices to approach closely under self-splicing conditions. The interaction between J(56) and D6 appears to be a significant factor establishing a side-by-side (i.e., not stacked) orientation of the helices of the two domains. (+info)RNA
Also, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is part of the RNA interference pathway in many organisms. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the RNA ... According to the length of RNA chain, RNA includes small RNA and long RNA. Usually, small RNAs are shorter than 200 nt in ... Biology portal Biomolecular structure RNA virus DNA History of RNA Biology List of RNA Biologists RNA Society Macromolecule RNA ... RNA can also be methylated. Like DNA, RNA can carry genetic information. RNA viruses have genomes composed of RNA that encodes ...
GlmZ RNA
Page for SraJ RNA at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Non-coding RNA, All stub ... "Targeted decay of a regulatory small RNA by an adaptor protein for RNase E and counteraction by an anti-adaptor RNA". Genes & ... GlmZ (formally known as SraJ) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA). It is the functional product of a gene which is not translated ... 2001). "Novel small RNA-encoding genes in the intergenic regions of Escherichia coli". Curr. Biol. 11 (12): 941-950. doi: ...
7SK RNA
Diribarne G, Bensaude O (2009). "7SK RNA, a non-coding RNA regulating P-TEFb, a general transcription factor". RNA Biology. 6 ( ... 2): 122-8. doi:10.4161/rna.6.2.8115. PMID 19246988. Peterlin BM, Brogie JE, Price DH (2012). "7SK snRNA: a noncoding RNA that ... Yang Z, Zhu Q, Luo K, Zhou Q (November 2001). "The 7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits the CDK9/cyclin T1 kinase to control ... This release leads to a conformational change in 7SK RNA and the ejection of HEXIM. hnRNPs stabilize the complex lacking P-TEFb ...
Chimeric RNA
RNA is usually responsible for making protein. The process of making RNA from DNA is called transcription. RNA uses a similar ... transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of RNA into protein. After DNA is transcribed into RNA, the molecule is known as ... CRAC integrates genomic locations and local coverage to enable splice junction or fusion RNA predictions directly from RNA-seq ... end of the RNA, generating a functional messenger RNA. This system allows the use of operons - collections of protein-coding ...
RNA-Seq
In addition to mRNA transcripts, RNA-Seq can look at different populations of RNA to include total RNA, small RNA, such as ... The cellular RNA is selected based on the desired size range. For small RNA targets, such as miRNA, the RNA is isolated through ... Total sample RNA output: Because the same amount of RNA is extracted from each sample, samples with more total RNA will have ... RNA selection/depletion: To analyze signals of interest, the isolated RNA can either be kept as is, filtered for RNA with 3' ...
RNA world
Although RNA is fragile, some ancient RNAs may have evolved the ability to methylate other RNAs to protect them. If the RNA ... The RNA world hypothesis places RNA at center-stage when life originated. The RNA world hypothesis is supported by the ... doi:10.1261/rna.548807. PMC 1894930. PMID 17586759. Horning DP, Joyce GF (August 2016). "Amplification of RNA by an RNA ... Atkins JF, Gesteland RF, Cech T (2006). The RNA world: the nature of modern RNA suggests a prebiotic RNA world. Plainview, N.Y ...
RNA Biology
... is the leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of ribonucleic acid (RNA) research. It is indexed for ... "RNA Biology". 2018 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2018. Official website (Use dmy ... This initiative is a collaboration between the journal and the consortium that produces the Rfam database of RNA families. The ... of families of RNA molecules in December 2008 and requires contributing authors to also submit a draft article on the RNA ...
SroH RNA
The bacterial sroH RNA is a non-coding RNA that is 160 nucleotides in length. The function of this family is unknown. An SroH ... Page for sroH RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... Hobbs EC, Astarita JL, Storz G (January 2010). "Small RNAs and small proteins involved in resistance to cell envelope stress ...
RNA-OUT
... is a non-coding RNA that is antisense to the RNA-IN non-coding RNA. Transposition of insertion sequence IS10 is ... RNA-OUT consists of a stem-loop domain topped by a flexibly paired loop; the 5′ end of the target molecule, RNA-IN, is ... Page for RNA-OUT at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... end of the target RNA and a loop in the anti-sense RNA". Journal of Molecular Biology. 210 (3): 561-572. doi:10.1016/0022-2836( ...
PrrF RNA
The PrrF RNAs are analogs of the RyhB RNA, which is encoded by enteric bacteria. Expression of the PrrF RNAs is repressed by ... Page for PrrF RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... The PrrF RNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in iron homeostasis and are encoded by all Pseudomonas species. ... HrrF RNA NrrF RNA Aggregatibacter iron-regulated sRNA Wilderman PJ, Sowa NA, FitzGerald DJ, FitzGerald PC, Gottesman S, Ochsner ...
RyeE RNA
This small RNA was shown to be bound by the Hfq protein. This RNA has been renamed as CyaR for (cyclic AMP-activated RNA). It ... The CyaR RNA (formerly known as RyeE RNA) non-coding RNA was identified in a large scale screen of Escherichia coli and was ... RydB RNA RyhB RNA RyeB RNA Wassarman, KM; Repoila F; Rosenow C; Storz G; Gottesman S (2001). "Identification of novel small ... Page for RyeE RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ...
GcvB RNA
The gcvB RNA gene encodes a small non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of a number of amino acid transport systems as well ... Transcription of the GcvB RNA is activated by the adjacent GcvA gene and repressed by the GcvR gene. A deletion of GcvB RNA ... Busi F, Le Derout J, Cerciat M, Régnier P, Hajnsdorf E (July 2010). "Is the secondary putative RNA-RNA interaction site ... Similar results were recently shown for the DsrA RNA. The physiological relevance of polymerisation is not known. The GcvB RNA ...
RNA thermometer
Cyanobacterial RNA thermometers Intergenic RNA thermometer Neisseria RNA thermometers Lig RNA thermometer Narberhaus F, ... An RNA thermometer (or RNA thermosensor) is a temperature-sensitive non-coding RNA molecule which regulates gene expression. ... Atkins JF, Gesteland RF, Cech T (2006). The RNA world: the nature of modern RNA suggests a prebiotic RNA world. Plainview, N.Y ... RNA Biology. 7 (1): 84-89. doi:10.4161/rna.7.1.10501. PMID 20009504. Breaker RR (January 2010). "RNA switches out in the cold ...
SroD RNA
Page for sroD RNA at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Non-coding RNA, All stub ... The bacterial sroD RNA gene is a non-coding RNA of 90 nucleotides in length. sroD is found in several Enterobacterial species ...
Sar RNA
I. Structures of sar RNA and its target, ant mRNA". RNA. 3 (2): 141-156. PMC 1369469. PMID 9042942. Page for sar RNA at Rfam v ... Sar RNA is an antisense non-coding RNA that is partly responsible for the negative regulation of antirepressor synthesis during ... Structurally, Sar RNA forms two stem-loops. Schaefer KL, McClure WR (February 1997). "Antisense RNA control of gene expression ... The target of Sar RNA is ant mRNA. ... t e (GO template errors, Antisense RNA, All stub articles, ...
C0719 RNA
C0299 RNA C0343 RNA C0465 RNA Tjaden B, Saxena RM, Stolyar S, Haynor DR, Kolker E, Rosenow C (2002). "Transcriptome analysis of ... The C0719 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 222 nucleotides in length that is found between the yghK and glcB genes in the ... Page for C0719 RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... This non-coding RNA was originally identified in E.coli using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray.) The ...
SroE RNA
Page for sroE RNA at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Non-coding RNA, All stub ... The bacterial sroE RNA gene is a non-coding RNA molecule of 90 nucleotides in length. sroE is found in several Enterobacterial ...
SL1 RNA
The SL1 RNA is involved in trans-splicing, which is a form of RNA processing. The acquisition of a spliced leader from an SL ... Page for SL1 RNA at Rfam v t e (GO template errors, Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... This family represents the SL1 RNA. The gene encoding SL1 RNA is commonly, but not always, located in the spacer region between ... Dassanayake RS, Chandrasekharan NV, Karunanayake EH (May 2001). "Trans-spliced leader RNA, 5S-rRNA genes and novel variant ...
RybB RNA
RyfA RNA RydB RNA RydC RNA MicA RNA Wassarman, KM; Repoila F; Rosenow C; Storz G; Gottesman S (2001). "Identification of novel ... Page for RybB RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... RybB is a small non-coding RNA was identified in a large scale screen of Escherichia coli. The function of this short RNA has ... Desnoyers G, Massé E (2012). "Noncanonical repression of translation initiation through small RNA recruitment of the RNA ...
GlmY RNA
The GlmY RNA (formally known as tke1) family consists of a number of bacterial RNA genes of around 167 bases in length. The ... Page for tke1 RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... "Targeted decay of a regulatory small RNA by an adaptor protein for RNase E and counteraction by an anti-adaptor RNA". Genes & ... Reichenbach B, Maes A, Kalamorz F, Hajnsdorf E, Görke B (2008). "The small RNA GlmY acts upstream of the sRNA GlmZ in the ...
RNA origami
... is the nanoscale folding of RNA, enabling the RNA to create particular shapes to organize these molecules. It is a ... RNA origami is synthesized by enzymes that fold RNA into particular shapes. The folding of the RNA occurs in living cells under ... RNA origami is represented as a DNA gene, which within cells can be transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase. Many computer ... Once encoded as a synthetic DNA gene, adding RNA polymerase resulted in the formation of RNA origami. Observation of RNA was ...
Enhancer RNA
RNA pol II) binding and non-coding RNA transcription. The level of RNA pol II-enhancer interaction and RNA transcript formation ... Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) represent a class of relatively long non-coding RNA molecules (50-2000 nucleotides) transcribed from the ... As a result, polyA+ 1D-eRNAs may represent a mixed group of true enhancer-templated RNAs and multiexonic RNAs. Bidirectional ... RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq). RNA-seq permits the direct identification of eRNAs by ...
RtT RNA
The RtT RNA (repeat structure of the tyrT operon) is a RNA element that is released from the tyrT operon of Escherichia coli. ... Page for RtT RNA at Rfam v t e (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... which lacks RtT RNA and has an alternate starvation response. Bösl M, Kersten H (November 1991). "A novel RNA product of the ...
RNA interference
Ahlquist P (May 2002). "RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, viruses, and RNA silencing". Science. 296 (5571): 1270-3. Bibcode: ... "Double-stranded RNA binding may be a general plant RNA viral strategy to suppress RNA silencing". Journal of Virology. 80 (12 ... RNAi is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process that is controlled by RISC and is initiated by short double-stranded RNA ... RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene ...
MtlS RNA
... is a small non-coding RNA found in Vibrio cholerae and related bacteria. MtlS is found in the mannitol operon, which ... Page for MtlS RNA at Rfam v t e (Orphaned articles from November 2017, All orphaned articles, Non-coding RNA, All stub articles ... The MtlS RNA is expressed when the bacteria are grown on carbon sources other than mannitol. MtlS is responsible for the post- ... "The Vibrio cholerae Mannitol Transporter is Regulated Posttranscriptionally by the MtlS Small Regulatory RNA". Journal of ...
RNA uridylyltransferase
In enzymology, a RNA uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.52) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UTP + RNAn ⇌ {\ ... end of an RNA primer". Nucleic Acids Research. 9 (11): 2433-53. doi:10.1093/nar/9.11.2433. PMC 326863. PMID 6269049. Portal: ... RNA uridylyltransferase. Other names in common use include terminal uridylyltransferase, and TUT. As of late 2007, 8 structures ...
Αr45 RNA
indica). αr45C RNA species are 147-153 nt long (Table 1) and share a well defined common secondary structure (Figure 1). All of ... αr45 is a family of bacterial small non-coding RNAs with representatives in a broad group of α-proteobacteria from the order ... Will S, Reiche K, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF, Backofen R (2007). "Inferring Noncoding RNA Families and Classes by Means of Genome- ... Recent deep sequencing-based characterization of the small RNA fraction (50-350 nt) of S. meliloti 2011 further confirmed the ...
IS102 RNA
This RNA was identified in a computational screen of E. coli. The function of this RNA is unknown. IS061 RNA IS128 RNA Tjaden B ... The IS102 RNA is a non-coding RNA that is found in bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. The RNA is 208 ... Page for IS102 RNA at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Non-coding RNA, All stub ...
DicF RNA
... is a non-coding RNA that is an antisense inhibitor of cell division gene ftsZ. DicF is bound by the Hfq protein which ... Page for DicF RNA at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, GO template errors, Non- ... Tétart F, Bouché JP (March 1992). "Regulation of the expression of the cell-cycle gene ftsZ by DicF antisense RNA. Division ... Faubladier M, Cam K, Bouché JP (April 1990). "Escherichia coli cell division inhibitor DicF-RNA of the dicB operon. Evidence ...
IS128 RNA
The IS128 RNA is a non-coding RNA found in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. The RNA is 209 nucleotides ... The function of this RNA is unknown. IS061 RNA IS102 RNA Tjaden B, Saxena RM, Stolyar S, Haynor DR, Kolker E, Rosenow C ( ... Page for IS128 RNA at Rfam v t e (Non-coding RNA, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... The IS128 RNA was initially identified in a computational screen of the E. coli genome. ...
The Future of Medicine Is RNA
Short interfering RNA drugs could be the next big game changers in pharmacotherapeutics. ... Enter small inhibitory RNAs, or siRNAs for short, discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello at UMass Worcester. The two ... Im not exaggerating when I say that there may come a time when you go to your doctor once a year, get your RNA shots, and ... Even viruses cant replicate if their RNA is prevented from being turned into proteins. ...
RNA - Wikipedia
Also, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is part of the RNA interference pathway in many organisms. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the RNA ... According to the length of RNA chain, RNA includes small RNA and long RNA. Usually, small RNAs are shorter than 200 nt in ... Biology portal Biomolecular structure RNA virus DNA History of RNA Biology List of RNA Biologists RNA Society Macromolecule RNA ... RNA can also be methylated. Like DNA, RNA can carry genetic information. RNA viruses have genomes composed of RNA that encodes ...
Sourcefire RNA | Network World
RNA Sensors sit passively on the network and watch the traffic pass by. The RNA Sensor we tested had four Ethernet interfaces, ... While RNA Sensors offer a wealth of information about the systems and services on your network, the downside is that it is up ... As RNA Sensor watches the packets fly by, it builds a model of the network topology and pinpoints the hosts on your network, ... RNA Sensors "policy-free" architecture is great for the sophisticated network professional, but youve got to have an idea of ...
Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere | Nature
... the authors identify 1,445 previously unknown RNA viruses, fill gaps in RNA virus phylogeny and reveal the extent of RNA virus ... Profiling the total RNA of 220 invertebrate species leads to the discovery of almost 1,500 new species of RNA virus, revealing ... The identified viruses fill major gaps in the RNA virus phylogeny and reveal an evolutionary history that is characterized by ... Yong-Zhen Zhang and colleagues present a catalogue of RNA virus diversity across more than 200 species of invertebrates. By ...
What are CAR T cell therapy, RNA therapy, and other genetic therapies?: MedlinePlus Genetics
RNA therapy. Several techniques, called RNA therapies, use pieces of RNA, which is a type of genetic material similar to DNA, ... An RNA therapy called RNA aptamer therapy introduces small pieces of RNA that attach directly to proteins to alter their ... In many of these techniques, the pieces of RNA interact with a molecule called messenger RNA (or mRNA for short). In cells, ... Examples of these RNA therapies include antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) ...
Sidney Altman: The RNA World
The RNA World. by Sidney Altman. 1989 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. The phrase "The RNA World" was coined by Walter Gilbert in ... were soon universally accepted and within a few years other catalytic RNAs derived from plant pathogens and the human delta RNA ... The RNA World referred to an hypothetical stage in the origin of life on Earth. During this stage, proteins were not yet ... We soon suggested that the RNA subunit of RNase P was part of the active center of the enzyme, by analogy to the then current ...
NHANES 2011-2012: Hepatitis C: Confirmed Antibody, RNA (HCV-RNA), & Genotype Data Documentation, Codebook, and...
LBXHCR - Hepatitis C RNA (HCV-RNA). Variable Name: LBXHCR. SAS Label: Hepatitis C RNA (HCV-RNA). English Text: Hepatitis C RNA ... Hepatitis C RNA (HCV-RNA) The AMPLIPREP COBAS TaqMan HCV Test is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the ... Hepatitis C: Confirmed Antibody, RNA (HCV-RNA), & Genotype (HEPC_G) Data File: HEPC_G.xpt First Published: October 2013. Last ... Samples with an indeterminate RIBA result are reported out as such and subsequently tested for HCV RNA to confirm the infection ...
CDC Scientists Become First in History to Directly Sequence the Entire RNA Genomes of Influenza A Viruses | CDC
It was this messenger RNA workflow that was modified to sequence influenza viral RNA. Keller said that messenger RNA has a tail ... Influenza viruses are an example of an RNA virus.. For decades, scientists who wanted to research the genome of RNA viruses, ... One capability of the nanopore sequencer is to sequence messenger RNA. Messenger RNA is a kind of intermediary that tells the ... this is one of the main differences between DNA and RNA, and why translating RNA into DNA can sometimes result in information ...
Sensing 'junk' RNA after chemotherapy enhance | EurekAlert!
Sensing "junk" RNA after chemotherapy enhances blood regeneration Hematopoietic stem cells take advantage of RNA from ... A link between chemotherapy-induced inflammation and junk RNA. Interestingly, she and her team observed that other RNA ... The scientists assume that the usage of RNA is a way for the cell to sense and buffer transcription. "We have many more things ... This indicates that RNA sensing is probably not necessary for hematopoietic regeneration but helps to enhance blood ...
Molecular mechanics of RNA translocases
However, during the past decade, the rising wave of activity in RNA science has engendered intense interest in the behaviors of ... research on RNA helicase and translocation enzymes has seemed like a footnote to the extraordinary progress in studies on DNA- ... and structural investigations of these RNA enzymes have begun to reveal the molecular basis for their key roles in RNA ... Molecular mechanics of RNA translocases Methods Enzymol. 2012:511:131-47. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-396546-2.00006-1. ...
Emma RNA Saves the Day
Where in the world is Emma RNA?. Global distribution of Emma RNA Saves the Day coloring books! ... Emma RNA vs. Spike Man Coloring & Comic Book. To help give children and parents a better understanding of the science of the ... Download Emma RNA Saves the Day in English, Español, Chinese, Deutsch, Français, Português, or Türk!. We are providing free ... RNA Therapeutics Institute (RTI) • 368 Plantation St Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 Questions or Comments? E-mail: ...
1KOD: RNA APTAMER COMPLEXED WITH CITRULLINE, NMR
RNA Analysis Products | NEB
Browse the RNA Analysis Products offered by New England Biolabs ... SP6 RNA Polymerase Close T3 RNA Polymerase RNA Modification. ... Monarch® RNA Cleanup Kit (500 μg) Close Monarch® RNA Cleanup Wash Buffer Close Monarch® RNA Lysis Buffer Close Monarch® RNA ... Monarch® RNA Cleanup Kit (500 μg) Close Monarch® RNA Cleanup Wash Buffer Close Monarch® RNA Lysis Buffer Close Monarch® RNA ... Monarch® RNA Cleanup Kit (500 μg) Close Monarch® RNA Cleanup Wash Buffer Close Monarch® RNA Lysis Buffer Close Monarch® RNA ...
RNA Interference
Use of the RNA inhibitor givosiran was shown to reduce expression of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1, in turn reducing the ... Givlaari is an RNA interference therapeutic targeting aminolevulinic acid synthase 1. Simultaneously, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals ... an investigational RNA interference product targeting glycolate oxidase, met its primary end point in a study of patients with ...
Hepatitis C Workup: Approach Considerations, Hepatitis C Antibody Test, Qualitative and Quantitative Assays for HCV RNA
The HCV RNA level in blood helps predict the likelihood of a response to treatment, and the change in HCV RNA level can also be ... Qualitative assays can be used to test for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. HCV RNA can be detected in blood using amplification ... The Versant HCV RNA Assay, version 3.0, is based on bDNA technology and has a dynamic range of 615-7,700,000 IU/mL. Another FDA ... A positive HCV RNA test in the setting of a negative HCV antibody test (seronegative "window" period) ...
RNA Isolation Using The Qiagen RNEasy Midi Kit
RNA Isolation from Pico-scale samples * RNA Isolation Using The Qiagen RNEasy Midi Kit RNA Isolation Using The Qiagen RNEasy ... RNA Extraction:. All steps for the extraction of RNA are performed at room temperature. All centrifugations are carried out ... RNA Isolation Using The Qiagen RNEasy Midi Kit. Animal Tissue Protocol*. *See the specialized protocol for heart, muscle and ... To elute RNA transfer spin column to a new 15 ml collection tube (provided). Pipet 200μl of RNase-free water directly onto the ...
Biologists 'transfer' a memory through RNA injection | ScienceDaily
... by injecting RNA from one to another. This research could lead to new ways to treat traumatic memories with RNA -- perhaps a ... Some dishes had RNA from marine snails that had been given electric tail shocks, and some dishes contained RNA from snails that ... There are many kinds of RNA, and in future research, Glanzman wants to identify the types of RNA that can be used to transfer ... by injecting RNA from one to another. This research could lead to new ways to lessen the trauma of painful memories with RNA ...
GSM5260807: 00077E76C6 LHB; Rattus norvegicus; RNA-Seq - SRA - NCBI
Tissue was stored in minus 80 degree before RNA extraction. 2) RNA extraction: Tissue was thawed on ice and homogenized by ... The optional DNase digestion step was included for RNA samples. RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard ... SRX10660113: GSM5260807: 00077E76C6_LHB; Rattus norvegicus; RNA-Seq. 4 ILLUMINA (Illumina HiSeq 4000) runs: 23.9M spots, 2.4G ... We therefore obtained genotypes and RNA-Seq gene expression for five brain regions from 88 HS rats and mapped expression ...
DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 | Nature
... associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9- ... and sequences fully complementary to the guide RNA but lacking a nearby PAM are ignored by Cas9-RNA. Competition assays provide ... In addition to its relevance for gene manipulation, this work reveals how DNA is interrogated by Cas9-RNA in its role as an ... Target DNA sequences are recognized via a zip-up mechanism, where the sequential formation of RNA-DNA base pairs offsets the ...
RNA biology and biomolecular condensates | Hornstein lab
These studies reveal the involvement of small RNAs and particularly motor-neuron specific miR-218, in ALS neuro-pathology. ... We previously showed that microRNA malfunction is mechanistically related to ALS and discovered that RNA-binding proteins, ... RNA biology and biomolecular condensates. Membraneless organelles, composed of RNA and RNA binding proteins, are an important ... These studies reveal the neuro-pathology involvement of small RNAs and demonstrated the involvement of motor-neuron specific ...
RNA, Long Noncoding | Broad Institute
Maxwell® RSC RNA FFPE Kit
... automated purification of RNA from mammalian formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. ... RSC RNA FFPE Kit is used with the Maxwell® RSC Instrument to provide an easy method for efficient, ... Automated RNA Extraction from FFPE Tissue Sections. *Extracts RNA from 1 to 48 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples ... ReliaPrep™ FFPE Total RNA Miniprep System. Amplifiable total RNA from FFPE tissues without organic solvents or overnight ...
RNA-030 | Agilent
Stanford scientist wins Nobel for revealing RNA in action
... in which genetic information contained in DNA in a cells nucleus is translated into messenger RNA. The messenger RNA then ... When Kornberg began his work, Berg said, most researchers thought the idea of obtaining a picture of RNA polymerase was foolish ... "In an ingenious manner, Kornberg has managed to freeze the construction process of RNA halfway through," the Nobel committee ... But Kornberg persisted, gradually assembling the RNA polymerase crystals needed for the study as advances in computer ...
How RNA Is Making Personalized Medicine a Reality - ASME
... due in large part to the work being done today to harness the power of our RNA. ... Another growth area for RNA-based medicine involves RNA interference (RNAi), which is the process by which RNA stops or ... RNA molecule. Image: Wikimedia Commons. The Role of RNA. But DNA is only one step on the path to personalized medicine. Its ... How RNA Is Making Personalized Medicine a Reality. How RNA Is Making Personalized Medicine a Reality. Share on LinkedIn Share ...
Tumor bulk-RNA seq identifies patients at hig | EurekAlert!
Tumor bulk-RNA seq identifies patients at high risk of progression in non-complete pathological responders from NADIM trial. ... Tumor bulk-RNA seq identifies patients at high risk of progression in non-complete pathological responders from NADIM trial ... Tumor RNA was sequenced using the Oncomine® Immune Response panel which targets 395 genes related to immunological processes. ...
Symbolic Generation and Clustering of RNA 3-D Motifs - AAAI
Noncanonical G.A base pairs play important structural and functional roles in ribonucleic acids (RNA). In particular, the 5-G- ... Symbolic Generation and Clustering of RNA 3-D Motifs. March 15, 2023. ... A-3/3-A-G-5 motif and three of its sequence variants have a relatively high occurrence in 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA. ...
Analyzing Double-Stranded RNA Impurities in mRNA Samples
Scientists have designed a new method for detecting and analyzing double-stranded RNA during the manufacture of messenger RNA ... they could detect which RNA was dsRNA by whether it responded more to the DNA or RNA dye. The mRNA in the sample responded more ... The aim is to address concerns over tiny amounts of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) impurities that form during the manufacture of ... After many experiments, the team settled on using two different fluorescent dyes-one for labeling RNA and another for DNA. ...
The RNA Institute | University at Albany
RNA Training Our RNA Training Programs provide a multi-disciplinary curriculum with a focus on RNA and its health-related ... Unique RNA Research Opportunities. The RNA Institute offers unique opportunities to researchers and trainees for collaboration ... The RNA Institute. Training the next generation of RNA researchers in basic and translational science. ... We have more than 50 faculty working to understand the role of RNA in fundamental biological processes, developing RNA as a ...
MoleculesProteinsMRNATRNAAssaysPolymeraseEnzymeProteinRibosomalCDNASplicingGenomeGenesAntisenseNoncoding RNAsViralResearchersPurificationRibonucleic acidsSingle-strandedGenomicRole of RNAGeneticNucleotidesRRNASpecificityCatalyticQiagenTotal RNASynthesis KitMessenger RNABiologyVitroEnzymesDouble-strandedStructuresNucleicTranscriptionIlluminaLigationStrandMolecularExtractionRegulationCleaveScientistsSequencesCas9ComplementaryAntiviralStructuralPotentiallyNanoDropTargetsPeptidesRolesViruses
Molecules25
- Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. (wikipedia.org)
- One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function in which RNA molecules direct the synthesis of proteins on ribosomes. (wikipedia.org)
- This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) then links amino acids together to form coded proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers from the MPI of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, together with colleagues from the University of Freiburg, Lyon, Oxford, and St Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, now discovered that hematopoietic stem cells make use of RNA molecules from junk DNA sections to enhance their activation after chemotherapy. (eurekalert.org)
- Interestingly, she and her team observed that other RNA molecules besides the RNAs of "classic" coding genes are transcribed in HSCs after chemotherapy. (eurekalert.org)
- However, during the past decade, the rising wave of activity in RNA science has engendered intense interest in the behaviors of specialized motor enzymes that remodel RNA molecules. (nih.gov)
- The results obtained from the statistics of random ensembles are compared with the data derived from natural RNA molecules with similar base frequencies. (santafe.edu)
- Over the last decades, a variety of RNA methods have been developed for the study of RNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, and RNA-protein interactions including RNA complexes with ligand molecules. (biosyn.com)
- RNA molecules are functionally diverse and involved in many cellular processes such as catalysis, ligand binding, and protein recognition. (biosyn.com)
- RNA molecules are structural flexible and can adopt different structures. (biosyn.com)
- RNAs are single-stranded molecules and the unlinked monomer building blocks are known as nucleotides. (biosyn.com)
- RNA molecules are generally folded into compact and defined tertiary structures. (biosyn.com)
- RNA molecules in solution may adopt secondary structures that are only partially determined by thermodynamics since RNA molecules can undergo conformational changes during interaction with other RNAs, RNA binding proteins or RNA binding peptides. (biosyn.com)
- All RNA molecules longer than 18 nucleotides are purified. (qiagen.com)
- If we grant the evolutionists a lot of slack and assume that RNA molecules with meaningful biological information could somehow magically burst onto the scene in a chemical milieu favorable to RNA stability and life, there are still many other problems. (icr.org)
- Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
- RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
- More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
- Bits of the transcriptome once believed to function as RNA molecules are in fact translated into small proteins. (the-scientist.com)
- The identification of detailed RNA structures now allows the design of small molecules which are capable of binding to RNA with high selectivity and specificity. (sbir.gov)
- By developing small molecules to selectively bind to key sites on transcribed HIV RNA the translation of RNA to protein may be inhibited for any HIV intracellular protein. (sbir.gov)
- Targeting one or more HIV RNA sequences with small molecules may be an effective way of shutting down viral replication, preventing cellular transmission and ultimately leading to sustained viral remission. (sbir.gov)
- Project Goal The goal of this SBIR solicitation is to support the discovery and design of RNA-targeted small molecules which specifically bind to HIV RNA transcripts to prevent RNA processing and translation into protein. (sbir.gov)
- Designing, optimizing and testing strategies for the targeting of small molecules to key sites on HIV RNA. (sbir.gov)
- It's hard to work with RNA molecules because they break down easily. (queensu.ca)
Proteins18
- Even viruses can't replicate if their RNA is prevented from being turned into proteins. (medscape.com)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (Non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). (wikipedia.org)
- Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the letters G, U, A, and C) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- An RNA therapy called RNA aptamer therapy introduces small pieces of RNA that attach directly to proteins to alter their function. (medlineplus.gov)
- During this stage, proteins were not yet engaged in biochemical reactions and RNA carried out both the information storage task of genetic information and the full range of catalytic roles necessary in a very primitive self-replicating system. (nobelprize.org)
- Messenger RNA is a kind of intermediary that tells the body how to convert the instructions contained in the genome into actual proteins. (cdc.gov)
- RNA, or ribonucleic acid, has been widely known as a cellular messenger that makes proteins and carries out DNA's instructions to other parts of the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
- The SpeedMill PLUS is a highly efficient homogenization system for various starting materials used for the subsequent isolation and purification of DNA, RNA or proteins. (environmental-expert.com)
- Bioinformatic algorithms allowing predicting of biomolecular folding for proteins, peptides, and RNAs, even though sometimes successful, have all their limitations. (biosyn.com)
- Since RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression precise knowledge of their binding sites is critical for determining their molecular function and for understanding their roles in cell development and disease. (biosyn.com)
- That first RNA biomolecule would possibly have both informational and enzymatic properties, thus omitting the original necessity of DNA and proteins. (icr.org)
- Peptides are merely really short versions of proteins, so the scientists essentially cheated and the RNA replication process was not exclusively RNA-based. (icr.org)
- The recently discovered long noncoding RNAs seem to boost the production of specific proteins in the cell by interacting with RNA-binding proteins, researchers find. (the-scientist.com)
- Scientists discover transcripts from the same gene that can express both proteins and noncoding RNA. (the-scientist.com)
- The addition of chloroform or 1-bromo-3-chloropropane followed by centrifugation results in the separation of the mixture into three phases: an aqueous phase containing the RNA, the interphase containing DNA, and an organic phase containing proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Background Therapeutic targeting of RNA may be a strategy which could inhibit the translation of one or more disease-associated proteins. (sbir.gov)
- Performing proof-of-concept studies to demonstrate that small molecule binding to HIV RNA can prevent processing and translation into proteins in relevant cell lines and primary cells. (sbir.gov)
- A second project is looking at mutations in genes that encode RNA-binding proteins and result in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (queensu.ca)
MRNA10
- Like DNA, most biologically active RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, contain self-complementary sequences that allow parts of the RNA to fold and pair with itself to form double helices. (wikipedia.org)
- In many of these techniques, the pieces of RNA interact with a molecule called messenger RNA (or mRNA for short). (medlineplus.gov)
- We are providing free coloring books explaining the science of the mRNA vaccine (our heroine, Emma RNA) against the evil-doer, COVID-19, (Spike Man). (umassmed.edu)
- We are providing coloring books to classrooms explaining the science of the mRNA vaccine (our heroine, Emma RNA) against the evil-doer, COVID-19, (Spike Man). (umassmed.edu)
- The mRNA in the sample responded more strongly to the RNA label, De Peña explained, whereas the dsRNA had a higher affinity to the DNA dye. (genengnews.com)
- RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
- A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
- Instead of putting the extracts RNA in the freezer as is, an aliquot is taken and diluted to the concentration that we need in the current mRNA step. (lu.se)
- The rest of the downstreams wizards should be the same, but they probably have to be made aware of the extra item that may site between mRNA and RNA. (lu.se)
- Our RNA service includes mRNA and total RNA library preparation and sequencing on Illumina platforms. (lu.se)
TRNA5
- However, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can form and (moreover) a single RNA molecule can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in tRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- My involvement in the discovery of the first catalytic RNA began in innocence during a study of tRNA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. (nobelprize.org)
- The team, led by Professors Tao Pan and A. Murat Eren, developed new tools aimed at studying transfer RNA (tRNA) in mouse gut microbiomes. (news-medical.net)
- Specific tertiary structure types are observed for transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), certain introns, and ribozymes. (biosyn.com)
- With the development of sequencing technology , transfer RNA ( tRNA )-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have received extensive attention as a new type of small noncoding RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
Assays4
- Competition assays provide evidence that DNA strand separation and RNA-DNA heteroduplex formation initiate at the PAM and proceed directionally towards the distal end of the target sequence. (nature.com)
- RNA synthesized from this kit is suitable for many applications including RNA structure and function studies, ribozyme biochemistry, probes for RNase protection or gel shift assays, hybridization-based blots, anti-sense RNA or RNAi experiments, microarray analysis, microinjection, sgRNA synthesis and in vitro translation studies. (neb.com)
- His Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology is one of a small cohort of labs in Canada that specialize in this field - but his lab is the only one using state-of-the-art tests, or assays, for detecting RNAs that he developed while training with Prof. Tuschl. (queensu.ca)
- RNA input amounts differ between assays. (lu.se)
Polymerase10
- Positive HCV-antibody test with negative HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Inform patients they do not have evidence of current (active) HCV infection. (medscape.com)
- The transcription process is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. (chicagotribune.com)
- When Kornberg began his work, Berg said, most researchers thought the idea of obtaining a picture of RNA polymerase was foolish at best. (chicagotribune.com)
- But Kornberg persisted, gradually assembling the RNA polymerase crystals needed for the study as advances in computer processing and X-ray crystallography imaging were made by others. (chicagotribune.com)
- But in 2001, he and his colleagues published the first molecular snapshot of RNA polymerase in action. (chicagotribune.com)
- The HiScribe SP6 RNA Synthesis Kit is designed for the in vitro transcription of RNA using SP6 RNA Polymerase. (neb.com)
- Figure 1: Transcription by SP6 RNA Polymerase. (neb.com)
- The DNA template must be linear and contain the SP6 RNA Polymerase promoter with the correct orientation in relation to the target sequence to be transcribed. (neb.com)
- 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
- After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Enzyme10
- However, a perceptive and hard-working graduate student, Ben Stark, noticed that an RNA copurified with the protein in the enzyme preparation. (nobelprize.org)
- He then devised a test to see if the RNA molecule was essential for the function of the enzyme. (nobelprize.org)
- We soon suggested that the RNA subunit of RNase P was part of the active center of the enzyme, by analogy to the then current picture of the ribosome. (nobelprize.org)
- In this chapter, we highlight the structural and mechanistic similarities among monomeric RNA translocase enzymes, while emphasizing the many divergent characteristics that have caused this enzyme family to become one of the most important in metabolism and gene expression. (nih.gov)
- The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. (nature.com)
- The enzyme is produced by a recombinant E. coli strain carrying the T4 RNA Ligase gene from bacteriophage T4. (qiagen.com)
- One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to ligate 50% of 0.4 μg of an equimolar mix of two single-stranded 23 base RNA oligonucleotides (one 5′-phosphorylated) in 20 μL 1X T4 RNA Ligase Buffer following a 30-minute incubation at 37°C. (qiagen.com)
- Dilutions of the enzyme were made in 1X T4 RNA Ligase reaction buffer and added to 20 µL reactions containing 0.4 µg of an equimolar mix of two single-stranded 23 base RNA oligonucleotides (one 5′-phosphorylated) and 1X T4 RNA Ligase Buffer. (qiagen.com)
- RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
- A long noncoding RNA from humans appeared to help the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase work better in a mouse model of phenylketonuria, the disorder characterized by reduced activity of that enzyme. (the-scientist.com)
Protein17
- For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome-an RNA-protein complex that catalyzes peptide bond formation-revealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Gilbert pointed out that neither DNA nor protein were required in such a primitive system if RNA could perform as a catalyst. (nobelprize.org)
- Ensuing discoveries of other natural catalytic RNAs that could cleave and ligate phosphodiester bonds, and the very recent observation that the region surrounding the peptidyl transferase center of a bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit contains RNA and no protein, further buttress the hypothesis. (nobelprize.org)
- The messenger RNA then carries the information into the main body of the cell, where it is used as a template by protein-making machinery. (chicagotribune.com)
- The mapping of RNA-protein or RNA-RNA interactions by protein pull-down or affinity pull-down methods allow studying RNA structures, as well as RNA-protein, and RNA-RNA interactions. (biosyn.com)
- Life requires DNA, RNA, and protein in an interdependent triad in which each molecule is wholly dependent on the other two to exist. (icr.org)
- One of these additional obstacles is how the first RNA molecule could have possibly replicated itself without the aid of protein polymerases. (icr.org)
- In 2016, research was published that seemed to provide a solution to this dilemma by showing that RNA could be partially replicated without protein enzymes. (icr.org)
- An RNA thought to be noncoding in fact encodes a small protein that regulates calcium uptake in muscle. (the-scientist.com)
- The investigational compounds used in this study represent the first orally available SMN2 splicing modifiers for SMA," commented Stuart W. Peltz, CEO of PTC Therapeutics, Inc. "Using the experience and expertise in RNA biology we have gained at PTC over the last 16 years, we used our alternative splicing technology to identify and subsequently optimize investigational compounds that target the SMN2 splicing to produce the SMN protein. (medindia.net)
- The SMN2 splicing modifiers described in the Science article penetrated into all mouse tissues tested, including brain, spinal cord and muscle, and thus improved SMN2 RNA splicing to increase SMN protein production in these disease-relevant tissues. (medindia.net)
- These compounds also corrected SMN2 RNA splicing and increased SMN protein levels in cell cultures obtained from SMA patients, including stem cell-derived motor neurons. (medindia.net)
- TRI reagent ® is a quick and convenient ready-to-use reagent useful for efficient total RNA extraction or for the simultaneous isolation of RNA, DNA and protein. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Homogenization or lysis of the tissue sample in TRI reagent ® dissolves RNA, DNA and protein. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A single reagent that can be used for RNA, DNA and protein isolation that is free of any contamination. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Among many functions, RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. (queensu.ca)
- Long viewed by researchers as "information carriers," RNA regained the spotlight in the early 2000s, following a series of discoveries showing that another class of RNA, named microRNA, plays a key role in controlling messenger RNAs and their protein products. (queensu.ca)
Ribosomal1
- In particular, the 5'-G-A-3'/3'-A-G-5' motif and three of its sequence variants have a relatively high occurrence in 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA. (aaai.org)
CDNA3
- An RT² First Strand Kit must be used to synthesize cDNA template from total RNA in order to accurately interpret all control elements on the RT² RNA QC PCR Array. (qiagen.com)
- Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
- Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Splicing3
- The results of a preclinical study demonstrates that treatment with orally available RNA splicing modifiers of the SMN2 gene starting early after birth is preventing deficits in a mouse model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). (medindia.net)
- Phillip Sharp, recipient of a 1988 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award , discusses RNA splicing and asks the question, "What defines a gene? (laskerfoundation.org)
- RNA splicing is a major nexus of gene expression regulation, shaping cellular identity during development, frequently altered in human cancers. (lu.se)
Genome12
- Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
- Figure 4: Evolution of genome organization in RNA viruses. (nature.com)
- A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors. (nature.com)
- In a historic first, a group of CDC laboratory and bioinformatics scientists became the first to directly sequence an RNA genome. (cdc.gov)
- For decades, scientists who wanted to research the genome of RNA viruses, such as influenza, had to do so using an indirect and time-consuming method that involved first converting the single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA. (cdc.gov)
- The new method described in this study has the potential to allow researchers to decode the genome of an RNA virus with greater detail (and less distortion) than ever before. (cdc.gov)
- Now that Keller et al have managed to directly sequence RNA for the first time, the group hopes to find details of the influenza A virus' genome that are otherwise hidden and extremely difficult to detect. (cdc.gov)
- Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. (nature.com)
- RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. (nature.com)
- RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells. (nature.com)
- Genome engineering of Drosophila with the CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease. (nature.com)
- Researchers scour the genome for micropeptides encoded within RNAs presumed to function in a noncoding capacity. (the-scientist.com)
Genes4
- Tumor RNA was sequenced using the Oncomine® Immune Response panel which targets 395 genes related to immunological processes. (eurekalert.org)
- Scientists can identify the origins of diseases by studying how RNA turns genes on and off, potentially leading to innovative disease treatments and possible cures. (albany.edu)
- 2 This idea slowly gained traction and eventually became more popular in the 1980s with discoveries that some types of RNA were involved in enzymatic-like reactions in the complex processing of RNA transcribed from genes. (icr.org)
- Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
Antisense2
- Examples of these RNA therapies include antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) therapies. (medlineplus.gov)
- Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
Noncoding RNAs4
- Kelley D, Rinn J. Transposable elements reveal a stem cell-specific class of long noncoding RNAs. (broadinstitute.org)
- Noncoding RNAs and microproteins, once considered genomic noise, are turning out to be critical to the progression of some types of cancer. (the-scientist.com)
- Noncoding RNAs are proving to be critical players in the evolution of brain anatomy and cognitive complexity. (the-scientist.com)
- Neurologically important noncoding RNAs come in many shapes and sizes. (the-scientist.com)
Viral6
- Total viral RNAs were dissolved in RNase- free H2O and used immediately for the following reverse transcription with SuperScript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen) using anchored random primers according to the manufacturer's protocol. (cdc.gov)
- Figure 1: The frequency and diversity of viral RNA transcripts in invertebrate transcriptomes. (nature.com)
- It was this messenger RNA workflow that was modified to sequence influenza viral RNA. (cdc.gov)
- Indeed, HSCs express some receptors that could induce inflammation but they are primarily associated with immune cells and their role is to sense viral RNA. (eurekalert.org)
- Reinfection after previous spontaneous or treatment-related viral clearance: Obtain initial HCV-RNA testing (because an HCV-antibody test is expected to be positive). (medscape.com)
- Before initiation of antiviral therapy: Obtain quantitative HCV-RNA testing to document baseline viral load. (medscape.com)
Researchers12
- Next, the researchers added RNA to Petri dishes containing neurons extracted from different snails that did not receive shocks. (sciencedaily.com)
- The researchers found that, by running the samples independently with each dye, they could detect which RNA was dsRNA by whether it responded more to the DNA or RNA dye. (genengnews.com)
- Training the next generation of RNA researchers in basic and translational science. (albany.edu)
- The RNA Institute offers unique opportunities to researchers and trainees for collaboration and interdisciplinary research . (albany.edu)
- We are a collection of diverse and talented researchers and laboratories united by a common goal in understanding the role of RNA across different fields, including biology, chemistry, biomedical sciences, physics, and nanobiosciences. (albany.edu)
- Now, researchers from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified an RNA molecule that suppresses prostate tumors in mice. (genengnews.com)
- Studying the stretch of DNA that codes for the androgen receptor, the researchers discovered that a section of the DNA molecule next to the androgen receptor produced a molecule called a long noncoding RNA. (genengnews.com)
- The researchers discovered that this long noncoding RNA is critical in regulating the androgen receptor. (genengnews.com)
- One of the main researchers in these discoveries was Scott Gilbert who coined the term "RNA World. (icr.org)
- Since the late 1980s, researchers explored many aspects of the evolutionary possibilities related to RNA being the first biomolecule, but have found nothing but obstacles including no method of spontaneously forming RNA or its nucleotide building blocks. (icr.org)
- More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)
- Researchers at Lund University Faculty of Medicine have determined a novel mechanism linking the metabolism of ribonucleic acids, RNA, to the development of leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome patients, MDS. (lu.se)
Purification6
- Tissue samples fixed and stored in PAXgene Tissue Containers can be paraffin-embedded and used for pathological studies as well as for subsequent purification of miRNA, RNA, and/or DNA. (qiagen.com)
- The PAXgene Tissue miRNA Kit provides purification of total RNA, including RNA from approximately 18 nucleotides, from tissues fixed and stabilized in PAXgene Tissue Containers. (qiagen.com)
- Purification is carried out using silica-based RNA purification technology in a spin-column format. (qiagen.com)
- Used with the containers, the kit provides a complete preanalytical solution for collection, fixation, and stabilization through to purification of high-quality miRNA and total RNA for molecular analysis. (qiagen.com)
- The system consists of a tissue collection device (the PAXgene Tissue Container for collection, stabilization, storage, and transportation of human tissue specimens) and kits for purification of miRNA, total RNA, or DNA. (qiagen.com)
- For purification of total RNA including miRNA, the system requires the use of PAXgene Tissue Containers for tissue collection and stabilization, followed by RNA isolation and purification using the PAXgene Tissue miRNA Kit. (qiagen.com)
Ribonucleic acids1
- Noncanonical G.A base pairs play important structural and functional roles in ribonucleic acids (RNA). (aaai.org)
Single-stranded3
- The chemical structure of RNA is very similar to that of DNA, but differs in three primary ways: Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule (ssRNA) in many of its biological roles and consists of much shorter chains of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
- T4 RNA Ligase catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of single-stranded nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) by joining a 5' phosphoryl-terminated nucleic acid donor to a 3' hydroxyl-terminated nucleic acid acceptor through the formation of a 3'→5' phosphodiester bond (1). (qiagen.com)
- For longer single-stranded RNA substrates, overnight incubation at 16°C can improve yield. (qiagen.com)
Genomic3
- Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses. (nature.com)
- The arrays contain a number of PCR controls that test for RNA integrity, inhibitors of reverse transcription and PCR amplification, and genomic and general DNA contamination. (qiagen.com)
- Genomic DNA contamination is minimized, and purified RNA is ready to use in downstream applications with no detectable PCR inhibition. (qiagen.com)
Role of RNA2
- We have more than 50 faculty working to understand the role of RNA in fundamental biological processes, developing RNA as a tool for science and harnessing this knowledge to improve human health. (albany.edu)
- The Role of RNA in development and reproduction : proceedings of the second international symposium, April 25-30, 1980 / edited by M.C. Niu, H.H. Chuang. (who.int)
Genetic8
- Figure 3: Genetic exchange among RNA viruses. (nature.com)
- What are CAR T cell therapy, RNA therapy, and other genetic therapies? (medlineplus.gov)
- Several techniques, called RNA therapies, use pieces of RNA, which is a type of genetic material similar to DNA, to help treat a disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
- On further reflection, many doubts have been raised about whether or not the original genetic/catalytic material could have been RNA as we know it today because extreme conditions on the primitive Earth might have led to the rapid chemical degradation of RNA. (nobelprize.org)
- Nevertheless, even if the precise chemical nature of the early genetic/catalytic material differed from present-day RNA, it seems reasonable to conclude that the RNA World did exist at some time. (nobelprize.org)
- As the machine takes these measurements, it decodes the genetic sequence of the DNA or RNA strand. (cdc.gov)
- For more than 30 years, Kornberg has been studying a process known as transcription, in which genetic information contained in DNA in a cell's nucleus is translated into messenger RNA. (chicagotribune.com)
- With RNA, doctors will soon be able to target treatments to individual patients, drug developers will be able to create new classes of drugs that address specific genetic populations, and practitioners will even be able to track treatment responses in real-time. (asme.org)
Nucleotides2
- RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
- This kit is suitable for synthesis of high yield RNA transcripts and for incorporation of cap analogs (not included) or modified nucleotides (not included) to obtain capped, biotin-labeled or dye-labeled RNA. (neb.com)
RRNA1
- After summarizing the latest mechanisms of tsRNAs, including transcriptional gene silencing, post-transcriptional gene silencing , nascent RNA silencing , translation regulation , rRNA regulation , and reverse transcription regulation , we explored the representative biological functions of tsRNAs in tumors . (bvsalud.org)
Specificity1
- The focus of this meeting will be on structure, function, specificity of RNA editing and modifications and their respective enzymes, as well as the evolution and biological role of editing and modification in health and disease. (grc.org)
Catalytic3
- The phrase "The RNA World" was coined by Walter Gilbert in 1986 in a commentary on the then recent observations of the catalytic properties of various RNAs. (nobelprize.org)
- Finally, the so-called "evolution in vitro " methodology, which is able to scan an enormous number of nucleic acid sequences in vitro for any given function, has revealed that RNA, indeed, can have many different catalytic functions as so can, presumably, DNA. (nobelprize.org)
- Cech's observation and ours, while still greeted skeptically by some members of the enzymological community, were soon universally accepted and within a few years other catalytic RNAs derived from plant pathogens and the human delta RNA were also found. (nobelprize.org)
Qiagen2
Total RNA4
- Even though the kit states, up to 250 mg of tissue may be used with the midi kit, it has been our experience that the yield of total RNA can be reduced due to column overloading, even when splitting the sample over 2 columns as we routinely do in the NMC. (nih.gov)
- Total RNA purified using the PAXgene Tissue miRNA Kit is highly pure. (qiagen.com)
- TRI Reagent is an improved version of the single-step total RNA isolation reagent developed by Chomczynski. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- TaKaRa SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq Kit v2 - Pico Input Mammalian for low input and poor quality samples. (lu.se)
Synthesis Kit1
- The HiScribe SP6 RNA Synthesis Kit from NEB is faster and achieves higher yields for RNAs of various lengths. (neb.com)
Messenger RNA5
- One capability of the nanopore sequencer is to sequence messenger RNA. (cdc.gov)
- Keller said that messenger RNA has a tail end that is comprised of a sequences of "A's. (cdc.gov)
- Scientists have designed a new method for detecting and analyzing double-stranded RNA during the manufacture of messenger RNA products. (genengnews.com)
- Genetics, Rna, Messenger Rna. (gettyimages.com)
- Messenger RNA Vaccine in Mother's Milk. (bvsalud.org)
Biology4
- I think in the not-too-distant future, we could potentially use RNA to ameliorate the effects of Alzheimer's disease or post-traumatic stress disorder," said David Glanzman, senior author of the study and a UCLA professor of integrative biology and physiology and of neurobiology. (sciencedaily.com)
- The T4 RNA Ligase 1 (10,000 U) is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
- RNA QC PCR Arrays are intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
- Previous Cold Spring Harbor Symposia have addressed many different aspects of RNA biology such as Mechanisms of Transcription (1998), The Ribosome (2001), Epigenetics (2004) and Regulatory RNAs (2006). (cshlpress.com)
Vitro1
- The AMPLIPREP COBAS TaqMan HCV Test is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in human serum or plasma performed on the COBAS AMPLIPREP Instrument and the COBAS TaqMan 48 Analyzer. (cdc.gov)
Enzymes3
- In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis (like enzymes). (wikipedia.org)
- Historically, research on RNA helicase and translocation enzymes has seemed like a footnote to the extraordinary progress in studies on DNA-remodeling enzymes. (nih.gov)
- Functional, mechanistic, and structural investigations of these RNA enzymes have begun to reveal the molecular basis for their key roles in RNA metabolism and signaling. (nih.gov)
Double-stranded1
- The aim is to address concerns over tiny amounts of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) impurities that form during the manufacture of vaccines and other drugs. (genengnews.com)
Structures3
- Large ensembles of RNA sequences are folded into secondary structures with minimum free energies. (santafe.edu)
- Two different, but formally equivalent tree representations are introduced and compared in actual computations of RNA structures. (santafe.edu)
- Structure density surfaces provide insight into the "shape space" of RNA secondary structures. (santafe.edu)
Nucleic2
- RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends nucleic acid testing for qualitative or quantitative HCV RNA detection as well as for test of cure at 12 or 24 weeks following antiviral treatment completion. (medscape.com)
Transcription2
- The scientists assume that the usage of RNA is a way for the cell to sense and buffer transcription. (eurekalert.org)
- The characterization of RNA and RNA interactions is closely related to transcription, for example, gene expression levels are investigated within a biological context. (biosyn.com)
Illumina1
- RNA libraries were prepared for sequencing using standard Illumina protocols. (nih.gov)
Ligation1
- At that time, Tom Cech had recently and independently observed phosphoester bond cleavage and ligation by a different RNA molecule. (nobelprize.org)
Strand5
- The presence of this functional group causes the helix to mostly take the A-form geometry, although in single strand dinucleotide contexts, RNA can rarely also adopt the B-form most commonly observed in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Koonin, E. V. The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses. (nature.com)
- This machine threads a DNA or RNA strand through a tiny hole. (cdc.gov)
- 2016. Oligoarginine peptides slow strand annealing and assist non-enzymatic RNA replication. (icr.org)
- aRNA is RNA that is transcribed from the coding, rather than the template, strand of DNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Molecular3
- Rambo-Martin's work translated the data into something that made sense, and he was able to confirm that the molecular work performed did, in fact, sequence the RNA genomes of the influenza viruses studied. (cdc.gov)
- The combination of different biochemical methods with computational modelling allows scientists to gain insight into molecular processes in which RNA is involved. (biosyn.com)
- RNA is a long, polymer of ribonucleoside monophosphate molecular units or building blocks joined together by phosphodiester linkages. (biosyn.com)
Extraction4
- All steps for the extraction of RNA are performed at room temperature. (nih.gov)
- Tissue was stored in minus 80 degree before RNA extraction. (nih.gov)
- The whole process of RNA extraction starting with fresh tissue or cells can be completed in less than one hour. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A new step that is performed immediately after RNA extraction and Nanodrop concentration measurements. (lu.se)
Regulation1
- The 84th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on RNA Control & Regulation and provided a current synthesis of the enormous progress in our understanding of RNA's influence on cells and organisms and how, when aberrant, its effects may contribute to the progression of disease. (cshlpress.com)
Cleave2
- A second consequence of the presence of the 2'-hydroxyl group is that in conformationally flexible regions of an RNA molecule (that is, not involved in formation of a double helix), it can chemically attack the adjacent phosphodiester bond to cleave the backbone. (wikipedia.org)
- At that time, it had only been demonstrated that RNA could cleave or ligate phosphodiester bonds. (nobelprize.org)
Scientists7
- However, scientists believe that certain small features of the virus may get lost during the conversion from RNA to DNA. (cdc.gov)
- The data of the scientists show that transposable element RNA can bind to the immune receptor MDA5 and trigger an inflammatory response that results in HSCs exiting quiescence and starting to proliferate. (eurekalert.org)
- The life scientists extracted RNA from the nervous systems of marine snails that received the tail shocks the day after the second series of shocks, and also from marine snails that did not receive any shocks. (sciencedaily.com)
- Remarkably, the scientists found that the seven that received the RNA from snails that were given the shocks behaved as if they themselves had received the tail shocks: They displayed a defensive contraction that lasted an average of about 40 seconds. (sciencedaily.com)
- The scientists uncovered that prostate cancers develop ways to stop this RNA molecule to allow themselves to grow. (genengnews.com)
- Scientists discover a novel antibacterial molecule that targets a vital RNA regulatory element. (the-scientist.com)
- The Gordon Research Seminar on RNA Editing is a unique forum for graduate students, post-docs, and other scientists with comparable levels of experience and education to present and exchange new data and cutting edge ideas. (grc.org)
Sequences1
- Non-target DNA binding affinity scales with PAM density, and sequences fully complementary to the guide RNA but lacking a nearby PAM are ignored by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
Cas95
- Here we use single-molecule and bulk biochemical experiments to determine how Cas9-RNA interrogates DNA to find specific cleavage sites. (nature.com)
- We show that both binding and cleavage of DNA by Cas9-RNA require recognition of a short trinucleotide protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). (nature.com)
- Figure 1: DNA curtains assay for target binding by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
- Figure 2: Cas9-RNA remains bound to cleaved products and localizes to PAM-rich regions during the target search. (nature.com)
- Figure 3: Cas9-RNA searches for PAMs and unwinds dsDNA in a directional manner. (nature.com)
Complementary1
- The complementary base to adenine in DNA is thymine, whereas in RNA, it is uracil, which is an unmethylated form of thymine. (wikipedia.org)
Antiviral1
- Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes. (nature.com)
Structural2
- An important structural component of RNA that distinguishes it from DNA is the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2' position of the ribose sugar. (wikipedia.org)
- RNA secondary structues are partitioned into structural elements, such as stacks, loops, joints and free ends. (santafe.edu)
Potentially1
- Using an RT 2 RNA QC PCR Array to test the quality of RNA samples avoids potentially wasting mastermix and PCR arrays on substandard samples. (qiagen.com)
NanoDrop1
- RNA samples should be of high purity, recommended OD260/280 ~2.0 and OD260/230 ~1.8-2.2 based on spectrophotometric measurement (e.g. by Nanodrop). (lu.se)
Targets1
- The kit is also capable of synthesizing high specific activity radiolabeled RNA for use as probes or targets. (neb.com)
Peptides2
- 5 Small chains of amino acids called peptides were used to help keep the products of the replicated short RNAs from binding to each other. (icr.org)
- So not only did this so-called RNA World study cheat by using peptides, meaning it really wasn't just an RNA World, but the research was misinterpreted and unrepeatable. (icr.org)
Roles1
- Multiple regulatory roles of the transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cancers. (bvsalud.org)
Viruses7
- Here we profile the transcriptomes of over 220 invertebrate species sampled across nine animal phyla and report the discovery of 1,445 RNA viruses, including some that are sufficiently divergent to comprise new families. (nature.com)
- The identified viruses fill major gaps in the RNA virus phylogeny and reveal an evolutionary history that is characterized by both host switching and co-divergence. (nature.com)
- Figure 2: Phylogenetic diversity of RNA viruses. (nature.com)
- They did so with the RNA genomes of five influenza (Flu) A viruses, including seasonal influenza A and avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
- Furthermore, the methods used in this study could be used to learn more about other RNA viruses. (cdc.gov)
- However, while the genomes of people and other living things consist of DNA, some things that aren't technically "living," such as viruses, have genomes coded by RNA instructions instead. (cdc.gov)
- Influenza viruses are an example of an RNA virus. (cdc.gov)