Risk factors. Medical search

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)

The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.

Telephone surveys are conducted to monitor prevalence of the major behavioral risks among adults associated with premature MORBIDITY and MORTALITY. The data collected is in regard to actual behaviors, rather than on attitudes or knowledge. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 1984.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)

A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.

A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.

A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.

Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Glucose in blood.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.

Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.

Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.

A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.

A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.

Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.

Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (>13.9 µmol/l). Hyperhomocysteinemia can be familial or acquired. Development of the acquired hyperhomocysteinemia is mostly associated with vitamins B and/or folate deficiency (e.g., PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, vitamin malabsorption). Familial hyperhomocysteinemia often results in a more severe elevation of total homocysteine and excretion into the urine, resulting in HOMOCYSTINURIA. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporotic fractures and complications during pregnancy.

Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.

Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.

Reduction of high-risk choices and adoption of low-risk quantity and frequency alternatives.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.

The status of health in urban populations.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.

Falls due to slipping or tripping which may result in injury.

A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

The status of health in rural populations.

The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.

Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.

Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

Specific practices for the prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations. These include HEALTH PROMOTION, including mental health; protective procedures, such as COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; and monitoring and regulation of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. Primary prevention is to be distinguished from SECONDARY PREVENTION and TERTIARY PREVENTION.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Sexual activities of humans.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.

The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

A measurement of the thickness of the carotid artery walls. It is measured by B-mode ULTRASONOGRAPHY and is used as a surrogate marker for ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.

Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients.

A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)

Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.

Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.

Does risk factor epidemiology put epidemiology at risk? Peering into the future. (1/106621)

The multiple cause black box paradigm of the current risk factor era in epidemiology is growing less serviceable. This single level paradigm is likely to be displaced. The signs are that the growing strength of molecular epidemiology on the one side, and of a global epidemiology based on information systems on the other, will come to dominate epidemiology and segregate it into separate disciplines. At the same time, the links with public health interests grow weaker. A multilevel ecoepidemiology has the potential to bind these strands together. (+info)

Comparative total mortality in 25 years in Italian and Greek middle aged rural men. (2/106621)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Mortality over 25 years has been low in the Italian and very low in the Greek cohorts of the Seven Countries Study; factors responsible for this particularity were studied in detail. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: 1712 Italian and 1215 Greek men, aged 40-59 years, cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, representing over 95% of the populations in designated rural areas. DESIGN: Entry (1960-61) data included age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking habits, total serum cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, vital capacity (VC), and forced expiratory volume in 3/4 seconds (FEV); the same data were obtained 10 years later. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed with all causes death in 25 years as end point. MAIN RESULTS: Italian men had higher entry levels of SBP, arm circumference, BMI, and VC; Greek men had higher cholesterol levels, smoking habits, and FEV. Mortality of Italian men was higher throughout; at 25 years cumulative mortality was 48.3% and 35.3% respectively. Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality increased fivefold in Italy and 10-fold in Greece between years 10 and 25. The only risk factor with a significantly higher contribution to mortality in Italian men was cholesterol. However, differences in entry SBP (higher in Italy) and FEV (higher in Greece) accounted for, according to the Lee method, 75% of the differential mortality between the two populations. At 10 years increases in SBP, cholesterol, BMI, and decreases in smoking habits, VC, FEV, and arm circumference had occurred (deltas). SBP increased more and FEV and VC decreased more in Italy than in Greece. Deltas, fed stepwise in the original model for the prediction of 10 to 25 years mortality, were significant for SBP, smoking, arm circumference, and VC in Greece, and for SBP and VC in Italy. CONCLUSION: Higher mortality in Italian men is related to stronger positive effects of entry SBP and weaker negative (protective) effects of FEV; in addition 10 year increases in SBP are higher and 10 year decreases in FEV are larger in Italy. Unaccounted factors, however, related to, for example, differences in the diet, may also have contributed to the differential mortality of these two Mediterranean populations. (+info)

Physician advice and individual behaviors about cardiovascular disease risk reduction--seven states and Puerto Rico, 1997. (3/106621)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (e.g., heart disease and stroke) is the leading cause of death in the United States and accounted for 959,227 deaths in 1996. Strategies to reduce the risk for heart disease and stroke include lifestyle changes (e.g., eating fewer high-fat and high-cholesterol foods) and increasing physical activity. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the American Heart Association (AHA) recommend that, as part of a preventive health examination, all primary-care providers counsel their patients about a healthy diet and regular physical activity. AHA also recommends low-dose aspirin use as a secondary preventive measure among persons with existing CVD. To determine the prevalence of physician counseling about cardiovascular health and changes in individual behaviors, CDC analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for seven states and Puerto Rico. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate a lower prevalence of counseling and behavior change among persons without than with a history of heart disease or stroke. (+info)

Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal. (4/106621)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation of patient age, status of liver parenchyma, presence of markers of active hepatitis, and blood loss to subsequent death and complications in patients undergoing a similar major hepatectomy for the same disease using a standardized technique. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Major liver resection carries a high risk of postoperative liver failure in patients with chronic liver disease. However, this underlying liver disease may comprise a wide range of pathologic changes that have, in the past, not been well defined. METHODS: The nontumorous liver of 55 patients undergoing a right hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma was classified according to a semiquantitative grading of fibrosis. The authors analyzed the influence of this pathologic feature and of other preoperative variables on the risk of postoperative death and complications. RESULTS: Serum bilirubin and prothrombin time increased on postoperative day 1, and their speed of recovery was influenced by the severity of fibrosis. Incidence of death from liver failure was 32% in patients with grade 4 fibrosis (cirrhosis) and 0% in patients with grade 0 to 3 fibrosis. The preoperative serum aspartate transaminase (ASAT) level ranged from 68 to 207 IU/l in patients with cirrhosis who died, compared with 20 to 62 in patients with cirrhosis who survived. CONCLUSION: A major liver resection such as a right hepatectomy may be safely performed in patients with underlying liver disease, provided no additional risk factors are present. Patients with a preoperative increase in ASAT should undergo a liver biopsy to rule out the presence of grade 4 fibrosis, which should contraindicate this resection. (+info)

Use of wood stoves and risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract: a case-control study. (5/106621)

BACKGROUND: Incidence rates for cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in Southern Brazil are among the highest in the world. A case-control study was designed to identify the main risk factors for carcinomas of mouth, pharynx, and larynx in the region. We tested the hypothesis of whether use of wood stoves is associated with these cancers. METHODS: Information on known and potential risk factors was obtained from interviews with 784 cases and 1568 non-cancer controls. We estimated the effect of use of wood stove by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption and for other sociodemographic and dietary variables chosen as empirical confounders based on a change-in-estimate criterion. RESULTS: After extensive adjustment for all the empirical confounders the odds ratio (OR) for all upper aero-digestive tract cancers was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 2.2-3.3). Increased risks were also seen in site-specific analyses for mouth (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2), pharyngeal (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.0-7.4), and laryngeal carcinomas (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.2-4.7). Significant risk elevations remained for each of the three anatomic sites and for all sites combined even after we purposefully biased the analyses towards the null hypothesis by adjusting the effect of wood stove use only for positive empirical confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The association of use of wood stoves with cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract is genuine and unlikely to result from insufficient control of confounding. Due to its high prevalence, use of wood stoves may be linked to as many as 30% of all cancers occurring in the region. (+info)

Helicobacter pylori infection, garlic intake and precancerous lesions in a Chinese population at low risk of gastric cancer. (6/106621)

BACKGROUND: Cangshan County of Shandong Province has one of the lowest rates of gastric cancer (GC) in China. While intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) are less common in Cangshan than in areas of Shandong at high risk of GC, these precursor lesions nevertheless affect about 20% of adults age > or = 55. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: In order to evaluate determinants of IM and DYS in Cangshan County, a low risk area of GC a survey was conducted among 214 adults who participated in a gastroscopic screening survey in Cangshan County in 1994. METHOD: A dietary interview and measurement of serum Helicobacter pylori antibodies were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori was lowest (19%) among those with normal gastric mucosa, rising steadily to 35% for superficial gastritis (SG), 56% for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 80% for IM, and 100% for DYS. The prevalence odds of precancerous lesions were compared with the odds of normal histology or SG. The odds ratio (OR) or CAG associated with H. pylori positivity was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.7-10.0), while the OR of IM/DYS associated with H. pylori positivity was 31.5 (95% CI: 5.2-187). After adjusting for H. pylori infection, drinking alcohol was a risk factor for CAG (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.2) and IM/DYS (OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 1.3-47.7). On the other hand, consumption of garlic showed non-significant protective effects and an inverse association with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that infection with H. pylori is a risk factor and garlic may be protective, in the development and progression of advanced precancerous gastric lesions in an area of China at relatively low risk of GC. (+info)

Precancerous lesions in two counties of China with contrasting gastric cancer risk. (7/106621)

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and shows remarkable geographical variation even within countries such as China. Linqu County in Shandong Province of northeast China has a GC rate that is 15 times higher than that of Cangshan County in Shandong, even though these counties are within 200 miles of each other. METHOD: In order to evaluate the frequency of precancerous gastric lesions in Linqu and Cangshan Counties we examined 3400 adults in Linqu County and 224 adults in Cangshan County. An endoscopic examination with four biopsies was performed in each individual of the two populations. RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) was 30% and 15.1%, respectively, in Linqu compared to 7.9% and 5.6% in Cangshan (P < 0.01). Within these histological categories, advanced grades were found more often in Linqu than in Cangshan. The prevalences of IM and DYS were more common at each biopsy site in Linqu, where the lesions also tended to affect multiple sites. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study support the concept that IM and DYS are closely correlated with risks of GC and represent late stages in the multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis. (+info)

Serum triglyceride: a possible risk factor for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. (8/106621)

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the relationship between ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and serum concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins. METHODS: A cohort of 21 520 men, aged 35-64 years, was recruited from men attending the British United Provident Association (BUPA) clinic in London for a routine medical examination in 1975-1982. Smoking habits, weight, height and blood pressure were recorded at entry. Lipids and apolipoproteins were measured in stored serum samples from the 30 men who subsequently died of ruptured AAA and 150 matched controls. RESULTS: Triglyceride was strongly related to risk of ruptured AAA. In univariate analyses the risk in men on the 90th centile of the distribution relative to the risk in men on the 10th (RO10-90) was 12 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 3.8-37) for triglyceride, 5.5 (95% CI: 1.8-17) for apolipoprotein B (apoB) (the protein component of low density lipoprotein [LDL]), 0.15 (95% CI : 0.04-0.56) for apo A1 (the protein component of high density lipoprotein [HDL]), 3.7 (95% CI: 1.4-9.4) for body mass index and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.1-8.5) for systolic blood pressure. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) was not a significant risk factor (RO10-90 = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.6-3.0). In multivariate analysis triglyceride retained its strong association. CONCLUSION: Triglyceride appears to be a strong risk factor for ruptured AAA, although further studies are required to clarify this. If this and other associations are cause and effect, then changing the distribution of risk factors in the population (by many people stopping smoking and adopting a lower saturated fat diet and by lowering blood pressure) could achieve an important reduction in mortality from ruptured AAA. (+info)

Potential risk factors[edit]. Temperature and heat exposure[edit]. The temperature and heat levels of the body are directly ... Common groups at risk of becoming victim to this phenomenon include avid listeners of music and others who listen or work with ... Melnick, W. (1991). HUMAN TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT (TTS) AND DAMAGE RISK. [Article]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of ... This factor is particularly interesting due to the fact that a large population of people listen to music while exercising. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listener_fatigue

Causes and Risk Factors[edit]. The cause of PNES has not yet been established. One hypothesis is that they are a learned ... The risk factors for FND can include trauma, illness exposure, symptom monitoring, and abnormal beliefs and expectations about ... McDade G, Brown SW (March 1992). "Non-epileptic seizures: management and predictive factors of outcome". Seizure. 1 (1): 7-10. ... easiest factor to distinguish), seizures having a gradual onset, a fluctuating course of disease severity, the eyes being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychogenic_non-epileptic_seizure

Risk factors[edit]. *Age, especially young children[8][9][11] *Primary dentition stage (2-3 years old, when children's motor ... Kania MJ, Keeling SD, McGorray SP, Wheeler TT, King GJ (1996). "Risk factors associated with incisor injury in elementary ... depends on one's activity status and also the surrounding environment factor but these are the main predisposing risk factor ... are the significant risk factors. Prevention[edit]. Prevention in general is relatively difficult as it's nearly impossible to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_trauma

Risk factors[edit]. Risk factors for developing antiphospholipid syndrome include:[citation needed] ... The lupus anticoagulant will inhibit all the contact activation pathway factors (factor VIII, factor IX, factor XI and factor ... Further studies for factor V Leiden variant and the prothrombin G20210A mutation, factor VIII levels, MTHFR mutation. ... Distinguishing a lupus antibody from a specific coagulation factor inhibitor (e.g.: factor VIII) is normally achieved by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

Risk factors. No quieren (They do not want to) by Francisco Goya (1746-1828) depicts an elderly woman wielding a knife in ... Risk-targeted interventions. For one such method, see trauma risk management.. Risk-targeted interventions are those that ... 8.7% (lifetime risk); 3.5% (12-month risk) (US)[5]. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)[note 1] is a mental disorder that can ... and familial stressors increase risk for PTSD as well as risk for biological markers of risk for PTSD after a traumatic event ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder

Risk factors[edit]. While all horses undertaking intense exercise experience some degree of EIPH, some horses consistently ... Other contributing factors may include upper airway obstruction, increased blood viscosity, abnormalities of cardiac origin ( ... In the case of horses that consistently demonstrate greater severity of EIPH this is most likely due to congenital factors, ... In horses that experience isolated episodes of increased severity of EIPH, possible contributing factors may include, amongst ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_pulmonary_hemorrhage

Risk factors[edit]. *Children with spina bifida. Up to 68% will have a reaction.[24] ... the risk of a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction by a patient has been deemed by Johns Hopkins Hospital to be ... and hospital housekeeping personnel-who frequently use latex gloves and other latex-containing medical supplies are at risk for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_allergy

Risk factors[edit]. Sexsomnia affects individuals of all age groups and backgrounds but present as an increased risk for ... Determining factors[edit]. Determining factors include but are not limited to: *a family history of somnambulism, or ... Though it is not possible for a definitive diagnosis of sexsomnia, a series of factors are considered to determine the presence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_sex

Risk factors[edit]. Intracranial aneurysms may result from diseases acquired during life, or from genetic conditions. Lifestyle ... Coarctation of the aorta is also a known risk factor,[5] as is arteriovenous malformation.[7] Genetic conditions associated ... The risk of rupture from a cerebral aneurysm varies according to the size of an aneurysm, with the risk rising as the aneurysm ... Other risk factors that contributes to the formation of aneurysm are: cigarette smoking, hypertension, female gender, family ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_aneurysm

Risk factors[edit]. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding ... It has been suggested the otherwise immunocompetent patients taking infliximab may be at a higher risk for fungemia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungemia

Risk factors[edit]. It is generally accepted that DLD is strongly influenced by genetic factors.[30] The best evidence comes ... of four-year-olds with early language delays who have no other presenting risk factors.[29] However, for children who still ... and DLD results when a child inherits a particularly detrimental combination of risk factors, each of which may have only a ... Associated factors[edit]. It has long been noted that males are more affected by DLD than females, with a sex ratio of affected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_language_disorder

Risk factors[edit]. Stress can be created by influences such as work, school, peers or co-workers, family and death. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_

Risk factors[edit]. The primary source of infection is ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water. Attack rates are ... The most important determinant of risk is the traveler's destination. High-risk destinations include developing countries in ... additional risk factors include drinking untreated surface water and failure to maintain personal hygiene practices and clean ... Boulware, DR (2003). "Medical risks of wilderness hiking". American Journal of Medicine. 114 (March): 288-93. doi:10.1016/S0002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montezuma's_Revenge_

Risk factors[edit]. Not all patients with diabetes go on to develop diabetic nephropathy. The main risk factors that increase ... NF-kB and the activation of growth factors TGF-B and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These factors, along with the ... Lewis G, Maxwell AP (February 2014). "Risk factor control is key in diabetic nephropathy". The Practitioner. 258 (1768): 13-7, ... Lewis G, Maxwell AP (February 2014). "Risk factor control is key in diabetic nephropathy". The Practitioner. 258 (1768): 13-7, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_nephropathy

Risk factors[edit]. All ethnic groups and income levels are susceptible to the illness. The CDC states that CFS is "at least as ... Viral infection is a significant risk factor for CFS, with 22% of people with mononucleosis have chronic fatigue six months ... Hempel, S.; Chambers, D.; Bagnall, A.-M.; Forbes, C. (1 July 2008). "Risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic ... Hempel S, Chambers D, Bagnall AM, Forbes C (July 2008). "Risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome

Risk factors[edit]. Risk factors associated with placental disease are as follows:[3] ... Risk factors such as diabetes, chronic blood pressure and multiple pregnancies can increase the risk of developing placental ... lack of important growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), has an ... Ananth C, Vintzileos A (2011). "Ischemic placental disease: epidemiology and risk factors". European Journal of Obstetrics & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_disease

2012). "Elevated factor VIII levels and risk of venous thrombosis". Br J Haematol. 157 (6): 653-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365- ... Goldhaber, Samuel Z. (2010). "Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 56 (1): ... These may have particular specific risk factors:[4] *Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and jugular ... 2012). "Non-O Blood Type Is the Commonest Genetic Risk Factor for VTE: Results from a Meta-Analysis of the Literature". Semin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_thrombosis

Risk factors[edit]. Affected individuals are typically 20 to 50 years old.[3][4] The female to male ratio is 2:1.[4][5][6] By ... or a combination of these factors;[6] meningitis,[4] CSF pleocytosis, cranial nerve palsies, hemiparesis, transverse myelitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VKH-like_disease

The presence 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 of any of the following risk factors corresponds to a PONV respective risk of 10, 20, 40, 60, ... Postoperative nausea and vomiting results from patient factors, surgical & anesthetic factors. Surgical factors that confer ... Risk factors[edit]. A 2008 study compared 121 Japanese patients who experienced PONV after being given the general anesthetic ... Patient factors that confer increased risk for PONV include female gender, Obesity, age less than 16 years, past history of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting

Risk factors[edit]. A select few of the populations at risk include: *People with indwelling implants, prostheses, drains, and ... Furthermore, with MRSA's high contagion rate,[10] a common risk factor is individuals who are in constant contact with someone ... As many as 22% of people infected with MRSA do not have any discernable risk factors.[20]:637 ... Fritz SA, Garbutt J, Elward A, Shannon W, Storch GA (June 2008). "Prevalence of and risk factors for community-acquired ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRSA

Critique of risk factor research[edit]. Two UK academics, Stephen Case and Kevin Haines, among others, criticized risk factor ... Individual risk factors[edit]. Individual psychological or behavioural risk factors that may make offending more likely include ... is caused by four main risk factors namely; personality, background, state of mind and drugs. These factors may lead to the ... Risk factors[edit]. The two largest predictors of juvenile delinquency are: *parenting style, with the two styles most likely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_delinquents

Risk factors[edit]. In many patients, normal tension glaucoma is common in individuals with a generalized reduced perfusion of ... the female gender is also a risk factor.[4] Diagnosis[edit]. While tonometry, the measuring of IOP and thus a classical ... The rationale: the lower the IOP, the less the risk of ganglion cell loss and thus in the long run of visual function. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_tension_glaucoma

Risk factors[edit]. Antibiotics[edit]. C. difficile colitis is associated most strongly with the use of these antibiotics: ... Risk factors. Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, hospitalization, other health problems, older age[1]. ... Long-term hospitalization or residence in a nursing home within the previous year are independent risk factors for increased ... Low serum albumin levels is a risk factor for the development of C. difficile infection and when infected for severe disease.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_colitis

Risk factors[edit]. See also: Suicide § Risk factors. There are numerous indicators that one can look for when trying to detect ... There are also situations in which the risk for suicidal ideation may be heightened. The risk factors for suicidal ideation can ... 2005). "The internal struggle between the wish to die and the wish to live: a risk factor for suicide". American Journal of ... If signs, symptoms, or risk factors are detected early then the individual might seek treatment and help before attempting to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L

High meat intake is also a risk factor for developing diverticular disease.. ... risk factors, and pathogenesis". UpToDate. Retrieved 13 March 2017. (Subscription required (help)).. ... "Eating Nuts, Popcorn Not Linked With Higher Risk of Diverticulosis". Newswise. 21 August 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008.. ... It has been hypothesized that the increased consumption of animal proteins increases the risk of diverticular disease by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diverticulosis

Risk factors[edit]. Known risk factors for pre-eclampsia include:[6][20] ... Risk factors. Obesity, prior hypertension, older age, diabetes mellitus[2][4]. Diagnostic method. BP , 140 mmHg systolic or 90 ... Risk factors for pre-eclampsia include obesity, prior hypertension, older age, and diabetes mellitus.[2][4] It is also more ... Environmental factors, e.g. air pollution[13]. Those with long term high blood pressure have a risk 7 to 8 times higher than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia

Risk factors[edit]. There are a number of risk factors for insulin resistance, including being overweight or obese or having a ... Risk factors for insulin resistance include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, various health conditions ... Lifestyle factors[edit]. Dietary factors likely contribute to insulin resistance, however, causative foods are difficult to ... Various genetic factors can increase risk, such as a family history of diabetes, and there are some specific medical conditions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistance

... risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age.[6] Risks of low birth weight, ... Risk factors[edit]. Culture[edit]. Rates of teenage pregnancies are higher in societies where it is traditional for girls to ... age in itself is not a risk factor, and poor outcomes are associated more with socioeconomic factors rather than with biology.[ ... Low educational expectations have been pinpointed as a risk factor.[90] A girl is also more likely to become a teenage parent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_pregnancy

Risk factors[edit]. Preexisting diabetes mellitus of a pregnant mother is a risk factor that has been described for the fetus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition_of_the_great_vessels

The overall picture represents the risk factors of the risk scenario.[15] ... Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) defines vulnerability as:[11] The probability that an asset will be unable to resist ... "An Introduction to Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR)", Risk Management Insight LLC, November 2006 Archived 2014-11-18 ... Vulnerability and risk factor models[edit]. A resource (either physical or logical) may have one or more vulnerabilities that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_(computer_science)

Medical history should in any case include questions about risk factors during pregnancy, the familial rate and the presence of ... These last two are both important factors influencing bone development.[27]. Environmental factorsEdit. Environmental factors ... Biomechanical factorsEdit. Biomechanical factors include fetal head constraint during pregnancy.[27] It has been found by Jacob ... Several research groups have found evidence that these environmental factors are responsible for an increase in the risk of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

This is a type of safeguard to the system, almost like a two-factor authentication method. First, the B cells have to encounter ... The result is a low serum antibody level and risk of infections. ... into plasma cells is dependent upon the transcription factors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

The contributing factors in the variability of success include the pre-surgical size of the tonsils, palate, uvula and tongue ... See Uvulopalatoplasty One of the risks is that by cutting the tissues, excess scar tissue can "tighten" the airway and make it ... The Vancouver Sleep and Breathing Centre May 30, 2006 Risks associated with LAUP surgeries. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

A risk exists of muscle damage (myopathy and rhabdomyolysis) with statins. Hypercholesterolemia is not a risk factor for ... cardiovascular risk, and the liver and kidney functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits ... Similar to statins, the risk of muscle damage exists.. *Niacin, like fibrates, is also well suited for lowering triglycerides ... mortality in persons older than 70 years and risks from statin drugs are more increased after age 85.[2] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid-lowering_agent

Dietary factors also influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks in excess is ... Nieto-Martínez, R; González-Rivas, JP; Medina-Inojosa, JR; Florez, H (22 November 2017). "Are Eating Disorders Risk Factors for ... Management of type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle interventions, lowering other cardiovascular risk factors, and maintaining ... family history as a risk factor and screening tool". Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 3 (4): 722-6. doi:10.1177/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus

Carbon offset emission factors handbook: Specified Gas Emitters Regulation (PDF), 2015, retrieved 2018-03-15. ... One of the risks of LNG is a rapid phase transition explosion (RPT), which occurs when cold LNG comes into contact with water.[ ... "LNG: Benefits and Risks of Liquified Natural Gas". Archived from the original on 2013-08-08. Retrieved 2013-02-25.. ... Guidance on Risk Analysis and Safety Implications of a Large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Spill Over Water - (Adobe Acrobat *. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

Because of this "risk-pooling" effect, digital communication systems that use ECC tend to work well above a certain minimum ... rectangular (or uniform) interleavers (similar to the method using skip factors described above) ... The iterative decoding algorithm works best when there are not short cycles in the factor graph that represents the decoder; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code

... greatly reducing pain and risk of injury during impact. Proper punching form is the most important factor to prevent this type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer's_fracture

Furthermore, it is no longer recommended to use in the United States for initial treatments due to pill burden and risk of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

7 Risks and problems *7.1 Negative outcomes *7.1.1 Adequacy of regulation and CAM safety ... Other factors. There are also reasons why a placebo treatment group may outperform a "no-treatment" group in a test which are ... Even low-risk medications such as antibiotics can have potential to cause life-threatening anaphylactic reactions in a very few ... Social factors. Authors have speculated on the socio-cultural and psychological reasons for the appeal of alternative medicines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

is the discount factor): 6. +. 6. δ. +. 6. δ. 2. +. 6. δ. 3. .. .. .. {\displaystyle 6+6\delta +6\delta ^{2}+6\delta ^{3}...}. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_for_Tat

Risks. risks. Risk factors. Contoh. Heart disease - Smoking; high blood pressure; high cholesterol; obesity; family history ( ... Cause of the disease (if known). Try to separate from risk factors, although some overlap is common. ... Lifetime morbid risk (the proportion of people who will eventually develop the disorder at some time in their life whether or ... risks = ,diagnosis = ,differential = ,prevention = ,treatment = ,medication = ,prognosis = ,frequency = ,deaths = }} Data ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Infobox_medical_condition_

Runyan CW, Bangdiwala SI, Linzer MA, Sacks JJ, Butts J (September 1992). "Risk factors for fatal residential fires". N. Engl. J ... although smoking was a risk factor for fatal fires.[16] Claims process[edit]. After a loss, the insured is expected to take ... Special "all risk"[6] - special-form coverage is the most inclusive of the three options. The difference with "special form" ... Major factors in price estimation include location, coverage, and the amount of insurance, which is based on the estimated cost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_insurance

Another factor that contributes to the sustaining of muscle strength in hibernating bears is the occurrence of periodic ... It is currently recommended that patients at risk of or suffering from sarcopenia consume a diet high in protein, engage in ... The equivalent nitrogen content (in gram) of urea (in mmol) can be estimated by the conversion factor 0.028 g/mmol. Furthermore ... HMB supplementation may be useful in the prevention of muscle atrophy induced by bed rest or other factors. Further studies are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_atrophy

... risk factors, susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial management". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 14 (9): 751-9. ... "Pathogenic Properties (Virulence Factors) of Some Common Pathogens" (PDF).. *^ "Clindamycin" (PDF). Davis. 2017. Retrieved ... They have a polysaccharide capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 90 different serotypes are known ... and immunogenic cell wall components are all major virulence factors. After S. pneumoniae colonizes the air sacs of the lungs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

Body count is only one factor - but I made separate points (1) he has a low body count, (2) he's not a notable serial killer ( ... Should the headline mention that the giant "iceberg" poses a serious risk to oil platforms in its drift path ? (from CBC ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates/December_2006

2009). "Coeliac disease-associated risk variants in TNFAIP3 and REL implicate altered NF-kappaB signalling". Gut. 58 (8): 1078- ... Sutton AL, Zhang X, Ellison TI, Macdonald PN (September 2005). "The 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated transcription factor MN1 stimulates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MN1_

2010). «Genetic risk factors for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with advanced liver disease». Gastroenterology. 139 (1): ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina

... where the risk to the patient from lack of knowledge about disease progress is much greater than the risk from the test ... One of the factors most responsible for the acceptance of positron imaging was the development of radiopharmaceuticals. In ... FDG-PET imaging of atherosclerosis to detect patients at risk of stroke is also feasible and can help test the efficacy of ... Since the tracers are radioactive, the elderly and pregnant are unable to use it due to risks posed by radiation. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

De Swert LF (1999). "Risk factors for allergy". Eur. J. Pediatr. 158 (2): 89-94. doi:10.1007/s004310051024. PMID 10048601. ... As a causal factor in pathologyEdit. Sensitization has been implied as a causal or maintaining mechanism in a wide range of ... a b Croner S (1992). "Prediction and detection of allergy development: influence of genetic and environmental factors". J. ... Moreover, there is increasing evidence that, despite a range of genetic risks for addiction across the population, exposure to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

Plants respond and adapt to environmental factors, such as light and mechanical stress from wind. Leaves need to support their ... Optical masking of chlorophyll by anthocyanins reduces risk of photo-oxidative damage to leaf cells as they senesce, which ... Other factors include the need to balance water loss at high temperature and low humidity against the need to absorb ... but also to other factors such as grazing animals (such as deer), available nutrients, and ecological competition from other ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Education of the general public about the risk factors for Ebola infection and of the protective measures individuals may take ... EVD has a risk of death in those infected of between 25% and 90%.[1][139] As of September 2014[update], the average risk of ... Health-care workers treating people with Ebola are at greatest risk of infection.[59] The risk increases when they do not have ... The CDC recommends monitoring for the symptoms of Ebola disease for those both at "low risk" and at higher risk.[123] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

... many factors such as the size of nostril, the size of the lesion, and the preferences of the surgeon cause the selection of one ... reoperation has lower success rate and increases the risk of pituitary insufficiency.[14] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_disease

The reasons for low use are many, but a lack of dental providers who participate in Medicaid is a key factor.[53][54] Few ... The states pay a monthly capitated rate per member to the MCOs that provide comprehensive care and accept the risk of managing ... Several political factors influence the cost and eligibility of tax-funded health care, according to a study conducted by ... Factors Contributing to Low Use of Dental Services by Low-Income Populations. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

International Wildfowl Inquiry Volume i Factors Affecting the General Status of Wild Geese and Wild Duck. Cambridge University ... Niels C., Rattenborg (1999). "Half-awake to the risk of predation". Nature. 397 (6718): 397-398. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..397R. ... Sandilands, Al (2011). Birds of Ontario: Habitat Requirements, Limiting Factors, and Status: Volume 1-Nonpasserines: Loons ... The mallard is omnivorous and very flexible in its choice of food.[61] Its diet may vary based on several factors, including ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard

... caused by other factors such as disease and overhunting by humans.[16][17] New research suggests that the extinction of the ... which allowed them a more nutritious diet and a decreased risk of famine.[21][23][67] Many of the famines experienced by ... "Slowly digested and absorbed carbohydrate in traditional bushfoods: a protective factor against diabetes?". Am J Clin Nutr. 45 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

... probably with the help of an unknown GDP exchange factor. A domain of Toc159 might be the exchange factor that carry out the ... When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded, and thus at risk for A → G deamination. Therefore ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA

Natural Hazards and Risk. 0 (2): 1524-1537. doi:10.1080/19475705.2017.1347896. ISSN 1947-5705.. ... and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building

Risk factors for the development of acne, other than genetics, have not been conclusively identified. Possible secondary ... High levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are also associated with worsened acne.[42] Both ... Pregnancy category refers to an evaluation of a substance's risk of injury to a fetus if used by the mother during pregnancy.[ ... These gene candidates include certain variations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 alpha, and CYP1A1 genes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Safety from sexual harassment and privacy were likely two main goals of sex-separation of public toilets, and factors such as ... "Unisex toilets put girls at risk of sexual harassment, claims women's rights group". The Independent. February 18, 2019. ... where safety was considered not to be at risk, or where women were not valued by society.[1]:260-261 ... is not recommended in contexts where it may increase the risk of violence against women or transgender people, or where it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet

Some people are at increased risk for breast cancer. ... Risk Factors You Cannot Change. *Getting older. The risk for ... Having a risk factor does not mean you will get the disease, and not all risk factors have the same effect. Most women have ... Risk Factors You Can Change. *Not being physically active. Women who are not physically active have a higher risk of getting ... If you have breast cancer risk factors, talk with your doctor about ways you can lower your risk and about screening for breast ...

https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk_factors.htm

Risk factors are those characteristics associated with child maltreatment and abuse, they may or may not be direct causes. ... Risk Factors for Victimization. Individual Risk Factors. *Children younger than 4 years of age ... Risk Factors for Perpetration. Individual Risk Factors. *Caregivers with drug or alcohol issues ... Identifying and understanding protective factors are equally as important as researching risk factors. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/riskprotectivefactors.html

Many risk factors may increase your chance of developing colorectal cancer. This guide will help you learn about possible ... Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors. A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. ... Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be changed. Others, like a persons age or ... Colorectal cancer risk factors you cannot change. Being older. Your risk of colorectal cancer goes up as you age. Younger ...

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

Human Factors in Risk Assessment. When we address human factors in relation to health and safety, were aiming to optimise ... Organisations need to take a proportionate approach to human factors in risk assessment based on their hazard and risk profile. ... Key Principles in integrating Human Factors in Risk Assessment:. *Through your risk assessment, you should have identified ... The approach you take to human factors in risk assessment should be proportionate to hazards you face. For most industries a ...

http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/resources/risk-assessment.htm

Violence as a Risk Factor for Secondary Conditions in Women with Disabilities. ... The combination of those factors may help to explain the educational difference uncovered in our findings in that, with greater ... Since data were gathered in face-to-face interviews, the intimidation and stigmatization factors may have been intensified for ...

https://www.bcm.edu/research/labs-and-centers/research-centers/center-for-research-on-women-with-disabilities/a-to-z-directory/violence/risk-factors

RISK EXPOSURE PREVALENCE BY:. Selected risk factors, age and sex. * LMIC countries by WHO region. xls, 243kb ... Estimates are available for risk factor exposures, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) by age, sex, risk ... Risk factors estimates for 2004. Along with The global burden of disease: 2004 update, WHO also analyzed the mortality and ... Risk factor and disease or injury cause, by age and sex. * WHO regions. xls, 2.35Mb ...

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/risk_factors/en/

Risk Factors for Type 2 Violence Unit 4: Risk Factors for Type 3 Violence Unit 5: Prevention Strategies for Organizations Unit ... Clinical Risk Factors. The clinical setting is one of intensified emotions. Patients who are at risk of perpetrating violence ... Unit 3: Risk Factors for Type 2 Violence Workplace Violence Prevention for Nurses About This Course Unit 1: Definitions, Types ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/WPVHC/Nurses/Course/Slide/Unit3_7

Environmental Risk Factors. Environmental risk factors are those that are attributable to the layout, design. and amenities of ... Environmental risks fall into four categories and include factors that:. *Provide opportunity to gain access or avoid detection ... Unit 3: Risk Factors for Type 2 Violence. *Unit 4: Risk Factors for Type 3 Violence ... Unit 3: Risk Factors for Type 2 Violence. *Unit 4: Risk Factors for Type 3 Violence ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/WPVHC/Course.aspx/Slide/Unit3_8

For example, unprotected exposure to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer; smoking is a risk factor for lung, mouth ... Some risk factors have a direct role in causing cancer, but in other cases the risk may be due to something else that goes ... Some risk factors, such as smoking, can be controlled. Others, like a persons age, cant be changed. See also ,b>gene,/b>, ,b> ... along with the risk factor. For example, older age is linked to higher risk of many types of cancers, but the actual cause ...

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/glossary/glossary/r/risk_factor.html

A better understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for penile cancer may help improve the incidence rates and outcomes ... Risk factors for penile cancer include lack of circumcision, phimosis, balanitis, obesity, lichen sclerosus, smoking, low ... Molecular markers such as altered oncogenes, genome hypermutations, and immune factors have shown promise in penile cancer risk ... Cite this: Penile Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors - Medscape - Mar 01, 2019. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/908183_5

There are certain risk factors for tooth loss. Are there any you can control? WebMD can help you learn more about them and what ... 9 Risk Factors for Tooth Loss Reviewed by Michael Friedman, DDS on March 10, 2019 ... In the Journal of Periodontology, dental experts list nine risk factors for tooth loss due to periodontal disease. ... Some of those factors -- such as your age and sex -- wont budge. But others -- like whether you brush your teeth or smoke -- ...

https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/9-risk-factors-tooth-loss

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or health problem. Some risk factors for stroke you ... Risk factors are things that increase your chance of getting a disease or condition. This article discusses the risk factors ... Some risk factors for stroke that you can change are:. *Not smoking. If you do smoke, quit. Ask your doctor for help quitting. ... Changing the risk factors that you have control over will help you live a longer, healthier life. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000341.htm

Learn more about who is at risk for prostate cancer at WebMD. ... there are a number of known risk factors for prostate cancer, ... "Prostate Cancer Risk Factors.". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: "Sedentary Behavior and Prostate Cancer Risk in ... Youre born with them, so they fall in the category of risk factors you cant control. They run in families, but they only ... Whos At Risk for Prostate Cancer?. All men are at risk of having prostate cancer. About one man in nine will be diagnosed with ...

https://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/guide/prostate-cancer-risk-factors

A better understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for penile cancer may help improve the incidence rates and outcomes ... Risk factors for penile cancer include lack of circumcision, phimosis, balanitis, obesity, lichen sclerosus, smoking, low ... A wide range of risk factors have been identified, some of which are modifiable. HPV vaccination adopted by certain countries ... Molecular markers such as altered oncogenes, genome hypermutations, and immune factors have shown promise in penile cancer risk ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/908183_10

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) says risk factors for prediabetes include:. *A history of diabetes during pregnancy ( ... home/diabetes center/ diabetes a-z list/ health tip: risk factors for prediabetes article ... Progression to full-blown diabetes isnt inevitable, the ADA says, suggesting you can lessen your risk by exercising regularly ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=206393

Dementia: New risk factor examined. A number of risk factors are known for dementia; these include hypertension, a sedentary ... "Histoplasmosis: Causes, risk factors, and treatment." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 24 Jun. 2017. Web.. 20 Sep. 2018 ... We describe symptoms as they appear in several parts of the body, as well as causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment. ... Risk factors. The Histoplasma capsulatum fungus is responsible for the histoplasmosis infection. ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318078.php

In this article, learn more about pneumoconiosis, its symptoms, risk factors, and management. ... Risk factors. Coal dust from mining may cause pneumoconiosis. There are clear risk factors for pneumoconiosis and a range of ... "Pneumoconiosis: Symptoms, risk factors, and management." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 8 Oct. 2017. Web.. 16 Dec. ... Sissons, C. (2017, October 8). "Pneumoconiosis: Symptoms, risk factors, and management." Medical News Today. Retrieved from. ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319644.php

Learn more about the risk factors for melanoma, many of which are thought to occur as a result of sunburns or excessive ... The most common risk factor for melanoma is exposure to UV light from the sun or indoor tanning beds or booths. Many skin ... Understanding and being realistic about your risk factors for melanoma is an important step in prevention. ... In addition to UV light exposure, there are several other risk factors for melanoma. ...

https://www.mskcc.org/print/cancer-care/types/melanoma/risk-factors-prevention/risk-factors-melanoma

However, there are many other risk factors associated with increased lung cancer incidence. ... Smoking remains the biggest risk to developing lung cancer, and is responsible for more than 85% of cases. Without smoking, it ... Lung Cancer Risk Factors. News-Medical. 04 August 2020. ,https://www.news-medical.net/health/Lung-Cancer-Risk-Factors.aspx,. ... Lung Cancer Risk Factors. News-Medical, viewed 04 August 2020, https://www.news-medical.net/health/Lung-Cancer-Risk-Factors. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Lung-Cancer-Risk-Factors.aspx

Table 1: Relative risk, prevalence and population attributable risk of selected risk factors for TB. ... "risk factors," and "transmission," as text words AND infectious diseases, Tuberculosis and risk factors as MeSH or subject ... The risk of TB disease among individuals with LTBI (diagnosed as TST positive) relative to a person with no risk factors varies ... Only major risk factors related to TB infection and disease were identified, relevant literature was reviewed, and factors ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/pm/2013/828939/

While certain risk factors are associated with increased risk for depression, people suffering from depression may ... While certain risk factors are associated with increased risk for depression, people suffering from depression may suffer from ... Risk Factors for Depression. Psych Central. Retrieved on July 10, 2020, from https://psychcentral.com/lib/risk-factors-for- ... Risk Factors for Depression. By Josepha Chong, MD Last updated: 20 Apr 2020. ~ 2 min read ...

https://psychcentral.com/lib/risk-factors-for-depression/

Learn what factors may be putting you at risk of addiction. ... Another risk factor for addiction is the age at which you begin ... Even if you have many risks factors for addiction, you can combat or avoid it. Risk factors can increase your chance of ... Heredity is a major risk factor for addiction. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, up to half of your risk of ... If you have a lot of risk factors for addiction, talk to your doctor. They can help you learn more about addiction, your risk ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/risk-factors

Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Risk Factors in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of ... Risk Factors. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Risk Factors in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes ... Risk Factors. Mothers with thyroid abnormalities, mental retardation, or seizures. Mothers with any of these conditions are ... Babies born smaller than normal for their gestational age are at risk for cerebral palsy because of factors that kept them from ...

https://www.smartdraw.com/cerebral-palsy/examples/risk-factors/

GEOPOLITICAL RISK, AND OTHER HAZARDS. Trend Micro group face a number of potential business interruption risks that are beyond ... terrorist attacks and other geopolitical risks prolonged continuation of these adverse factors may hurt our results of ... WE FACE NEW RISKS RELATED TO OUR ANTI-VIRUS AND OTHER SECURITY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. A broad range of our security products ... Factors which could cause our quarterly financial results to fluctuate include:. *timing of sales of our products and services ...

https://www.trendmicro.com/en_ca/about/investor-relations/risk-factors.html

Environmental factors such as diet have long been suspected of contributing to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in ... Graham IM, Daly LE, Refsum HM, et al.: Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: the European Concerted Action ... Coronary Heart Disease Cardiovascular Risk Factor Saturated Fatty Acid Cocoa Butter National Cholesterol Education Program ... Boushey CI, Beresford SA, Omenn GS, Motlusky AG: A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9310-9_8

However, the risk of a musculoskeletal injury is an unfavourable consequence in physical training. Age, gender, injury history ... Hayes D. Risk factors in sport. Human Factors 16: 454-458, 1974PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Athletes, coaches and supervisors should be aware of the risk factors concerning the specific type of activity they are ... Altogether, a complex network of risk factors for athletic injuries has been found. However, no prospective study including all ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165%2F00007256-199009040-00002

... associated with ovarian cancer risk were located quite a distance away from those associated with risk of other cancers, which ... researchers say that women at greatest risk due to these and other inherited changes may be offered increased surveillance or ... researchers have just identified four chromosome locations with genetic changes that are likely to alter a womans risk of ... that has helped move researchers a major step closer to individualized risk assessment for ovarian cancer. ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1921769/4_risk_factors_for_ovarian_cancer/

... and cancer risk, the risk factors themselves interplay with each other in complex ways. Approaches to cancer prevention will ... For some factors, the researchers have concluded that an effect on risk is unlikely. With coffee for example the researchers ... Also important to note is the fact that though the report is assessing the strength of the link between individual risk factors ... what factors increase the risk of cancer. They have tried to distinguish between evidence that is strong enough to suggest that ...

https://www.nhs.uk/news/cancer/cancer-and-risk-factors-the-evidence/

The UW Alzheimers Disease Research Center seeks to advance research in genetic risk, develop neuroimaging biomarkers for ... and lifestyle factors that affect a persons risk for developing the disease. ... Having one APOE ε4 alleles increases the risk of developing Alzheimers by 3 to 4 times, and two copies of APOE-ε4 (one from ... Overall, 65 year olds have a 10 percent risk of developing symptoms. In other words, 1 in 10 people over age 65 will develop it ...

http://depts.washington.edu/mbwc/adrc/page/genetics

The purpose of this article is to examine the risk and protective factors for different types of violent behavior in a sample ... The purpose of this article is to examine the risk and protective factors for different types of violent behavior in a sample ... Concurrent Risk Factors for Adolescent Violence. by Hilary Saner, Phyllis L. Ellickson ... illuminate the multiple and cumulative nature of the different risk factors, and characterize gender differences in explanatory ...

https://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP580.html

But it stands to reason that more exposure to UV rays increases the risk. (cancer.org)
Family History - Having an immediate family member with depression increases the risk of developing depression. (psychcentral.com)
The death of a baby's twin or triplet further increases the risk. (smartdraw.com)
Having one APOE ε4 alleles increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's by 3 to 4 times, and two copies of APOE- ε4 (one from each parent) raises the risk by more than 10 times. (washington.edu)
Isolation increases the risk for depression. (healthline.com)
In fact, AF increases the risk of stroke 4- to 5-fold. (go.com)
Translation: A build-up of calcium in the urine, which increases the risk of kidney stone formation, said Dr. Brian Stork, a urologist and spokesperson for the American Urological Association. (foxnews.com)
This combination increases the risk for RMIs. (ccohs.ca)
There is some evidence that a history of depression also increases the risk of vascular dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
We know from the Gutenberg Health Study conducted at Mainz that the number of years of education increases the risk of developing myopia,' said Professor Norbert Pfeiffer, Director of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Mainz University Medical Center. (uni-mainz.de)
A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. (cancer.ca)
Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day increases the risk of TB by two to four times while silicosis increases the risk about 30 fold. (wikipedia.org)
It is probably this interference and blockage of macrophage function that increases the risk of tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
Given that silicosis greatly increases the risk of tuberculosis, more research about the effect of various indoor or outdoor air pollutants on the disease would be necessary. (wikipedia.org)
A body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 increases the risk by 2 to 3 times. (wikipedia.org)

The causes of late-onset Alzheimer's are not yet completely understood, but they likely include a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that affect a person's risk for developing the disease. (washington.edu)
Using an approach called genome-wide association study (GWAS), researchers have identified a number of regions of interest in the genome (an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes) that may increase a person's risk for late-onset Alzheimer's to varying degrees. (washington.edu)
There are several factors that raise a person's risk of developing coronary heart disease and its often life threatening complications. (news-medical.net)
Smoking - The greater a person's number of pack years (packs per year), the greater their risk of developing coronary artery disease. (news-medical.net)
Studies of families have found that having a first-degree relative (like a parent or sibling) with an eating disorder increases a person's risk of developing an eating disorder. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
A person's risk of developing the condition doubles approximately every five years over the age of 65. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Risk factors can increase a person's risk, but they do'nt necessarily cause the disease. (uhhospitals.org)
2 However, the influence of a particular risk factor can vary depending on a person's gender and stage of life. (inspq.qc.ca)
However, it is well known that a child or young person's stage of development and gender contribute to the risk. (inspq.qc.ca)
No one can live in another person's home, and cannot determine what they can or cannot risk. (psychologytoday.com)
Once the researchers compared the twins to one another, they found that genetics play a vital role in the development of any of the three disorders, explaining 38 percent to 53 percent of a person's risk. (psychcentral.com)
Although genetics play an important role in these disorders, Munn-Chernoff noted that a person's environment still influences a person's risk for alcoholism or bulimia. (psychcentral.com)

While certain risk factors are associated with increased risk for depression, people suffering from depression may suffer from different types of depression and even display different signs and symptoms depending on the gender, age, and ethnic and cultural groups. (psychcentral.com)
Dr. Hill commented that these results are important "in showing that risk markers for alcohol dependence and other substance use disorders can be identified long before individuals develop symptoms of these disorders. (elsevier.com)
Overall, 65 year olds have a 10 percent risk of developing symptoms. (washington.edu)
If you don't have any signs or symptoms, but are worried about your risk of cancer, discuss your concerns with your doctor. (mayoclinic.org)
These factors may interact differently in different people, so two people with the same eating disorder can have very diverse perspectives, experiences, and symptoms. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
The risk of severe complications is higher when you have symptoms on the right side of your abdomen. (mayoclinic.org)
That said, there are several well-known risk factors-and understanding what they are can help you take action if you ever develop symptoms of the disease. (healthcentral.com)
Stroke risk factors and symptoms. (empowher.com)
Common genetic factors may be behind both alcoholism and specific symptoms of eating disorders - particularly the binge eating and purging habits of bulimia nervosa, according to new research. (psychcentral.com)

The reason for these differences is not well understood, but researchers believe that higher rates of vascular disease in these groups may also put them at greater risk for developing Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
However, researchers have just identified four chromosome locations with genetic changes that are likely to alter a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer. (redorbit.com)
Spanning three continents and over 24,000 women, these findings have come from a large genome-wide associated study (GWAS) that has helped move researchers a major step closer to individualized risk assessment for ovarian cancer. (redorbit.com)
Although more needs to be learned about the function of the specific chromosomal regions involved in susceptibility, researchers say that women at greatest risk due to these and other inherited changes may be offered increased surveillance or preventative measures in the future. (redorbit.com)
Biological Psychiatry is now publishing an article in which researchers evaluated and identified childhood risk factors for the development of future substance use disorders (SUD). (elsevier.com)
The researchers performed a systematic search to find previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that had assessed the associations between these risk factors and Alzheimer's disease or dementia. (www.nhs.uk)
The researchers wanted to provide an updated summary of several modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
The researchers first decided which risk factors to assess. (www.nhs.uk)
Still, researchers have found broad similarities in understanding some of the major risks for developing eating disorders. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
Researchers have identified several cholangiocarcinoma risk factors that are believed to increase an individual's likelihood of developing bile duct cancer. (moffitt.org)
This week, researchers published a series of scientific papers identifying six new genetic factors they believe increase the risk of developing breast cancer. (npr.org)
Those don't increase the risk of cancer nearly as much as the BRCA1 or two genes, but the researchers say that these regions may be found in many more women. (npr.org)
Researchers set out to create a customized model to get a better idea of Indonesian women and their risks for osteoporosis. (bellaonline.com)
Today, researchers better understand the likelihood of a person to develop Sjögren's syndrome if they're related to someone who has it: The odds are not necessarily higher, but they are more likely to develop an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, which is a risk factor for Sjögren's syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Researchers think there are some genetic factors behind the common types of vascular dementia, and that these are linked to the underlying cardiovascular diseases. (alzheimers.org.uk)
The CREAM researchers interpret this as evidence that this newly discovered risk-related gene is actually involved in the development of short-sightedness. (uni-mainz.de)
Few factors have as yet been clearly identified by researchers as increasing the risk that a child or a young person will be sexually abused. (inspq.qc.ca)
Researchers led by Greg Rosenfeld, MD, at the University of British Columbia, conducted a study comparing same-day CTC and colonoscopy among 90 subjects aged 50 and older who were at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). (eurekalert.org)
The researchers also found different attendance patterns associated with each risk factor. (edweek.org)
Researchers screened more than 100 diverse factors in people's daily lives for links to depression. (nih.gov)
The researchers found 18 factors linked with lower chances of depression and 11 with higher chances. (nih.gov)
Adolescents and young adults with a range of cardiometabolic risk factors have an increased chance of dying before they turn 55, researchers found. (medpagetoday.com)
However, researchers have identified a variety of other risk factors that can increase the risk of developing mesotehlioma, like a history of smoking. (mesothelioma.com)

Retrieved on July 13, 2020 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Coronary-Artery-Disease-Risk-Factors.aspx. (news-medical.net)

If you have a strong family history of breast cancer or inherited changes in your BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, you may have a high risk of getting breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
Studies have identified several inherited genes that appear to raise the risk of prostate cancer. (webmd.com)
Two categories of genes influence whether a person develops a disease: risk genes and deterministic genes. (alz.org)
It is estimated that less than 1 percent of Alzheimer's cases are caused by deterministic genes (genes that cause a disease, rather than increase the risk of developing a disease). (alz.org)
There is another way that lymphoma is genetic though-it can cause changes in your DNA's existing genes that raise your cancer risk. (healthcentral.com)
In addition, uncovering these childhood risk markers aids in the search for genes associated with the development of substance use disorders. (elsevier.com)
The new genes appear to create only a moderate increase in breast cancer risk, but are present in a large percentage of the population. (npr.org)
Scientists found two genes - BRCA1, BRCA2 - that if they had certain mutations dramatically increase the risk of breast cancer. (npr.org)
Dr. HUNTER: Well, some of them variance in genes, some of them genetic regions that we use new technologies to scan the human genome for inherited variants that are associated with increased risk of breast cancer. (npr.org)
The other groups concern additional genetic regions and the variance in those genes associated with breast cancer risk. (npr.org)
And these new technologies allow us to look at gene variants that convey much lower degrees of risk than BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are the classic, very high-risk genes. (npr.org)
And so, this is really the first reports of probably a series of reports as we really access these lower-risk genes for the first time. (npr.org)
So by definition, the risks had to be very high for the variance from those genes in order to create those families with a very high burden. (npr.org)
Several different genes appear to increase the risk of developing Sjögren's syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Some of these risk factors (eg lifestyle) can be controlled, but others (eg age and genes) cannot. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Some things can increase your risk of getting dementia, including your age, genes and lifestyle. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Experiencing trauma early in life and having certain genes can put you at higher risk for depression. (nih.gov)
Research has shown that schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder and that genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia is multifactorial, caused by the interactions of several genes with environmental risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
An older 2003 review of linkage studies also listed seven genes as likely to increase risk for a later diagnosis of the disorder. (wikipedia.org)

Prevention programmes will need to take into account the variety of health determinants and the interplay between all the different risk factors. (www.nhs.uk)
We also prepare annual BRFSS reports, newsletters, and fact sheets on health risks, prevention efforts, and chronic disease in Indiana. (in.gov)
Better and earlier identification of those at highest risk makes it possible to develop targeted intervention/prevention efforts for these children, possibly enabling them to avoid [this] outcome. (elsevier.com)
quicklist: 1 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Preeclampsia url: text: This condition is a significant risk factor during and after pregnancy, so if you're trying to put a bun in the oven, prevention is key. (go.com)
We know that even younger women who take birth control pills and smoke have a very elevated risk of both heart attack and stroke," says Prevention advisor Steven Nissen, MD, chairman of the department of cardiovascular medicine at The Cleveland Clinic. (go.com)
If you'd like to learn more about cholangiocarcinoma risk factors, the bile duct cancer experts at Moffitt can help you assess your individual risk profile and provide advice on prevention and early detection. (moffitt.org)
The second part of the article is devoted to stress prevention measures and more broadly to the prevention of psychosocial risk factors. (ilo.org)
Prevention is possible but there are many risk factors needing attention. (bellaonline.com)

quicklist: 4 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Atrial Fibrillation url: text: This is the most common heart rhythm problem and a major modifiable risk factor for stroke. (go.com)
35 there is an increased risk of T2DM.2 Obesity is the most significant modifiable risk factor for T2DM.3 It is a complex risk factor as it is associated with the behavioral factors and socio-economical circumstances that in turn influence the underlying behavioral problem leading to weight gain. (bartleby.com)

This can increase the risk of MCC. (cancer.org)
Talk with your doctor about other birth control options that do not increase the risk of blood clots. (medlineplus.gov)
Scientists have identified factors that increase the risk of Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
ETS, otherwise known as passive smoking or second-hand smoking, where smoke is inhaled from someone else's cigarette, pipe, or cigar, can increase the risk of developing lung cancer even though you are not smoking yourself. (news-medical.net)
Conditions which alter the immune response increase the risk of progression to disease with HIV coinfection, the most important of these. (hindawi.com)
Other mental illnesses, such as alcoholism in family members, can also increase the risk for depression. (psychcentral.com)
The following can increase the risk of cancer: alcoholic drinks (they say that evidence that alcoholic drinks are a cause of particular cancers has strengthened), red meat, processed meats (meats preserved by smoking, salting, or curing) which includes bacon, ham and salami (which are linked to colorectal cancer), a diet very high in calcium, salt and salty foods, beta-carotene supplements (high doses increase risk of lung cancer in smokers). (www.nhs.uk)
Buying into the message of the socially-defined "ideal body" may increase the risk of an eating disorder by increasing the likelihood of dieting and food restriction. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
Conditions that affect the way the blood clots, such as Factor V Leiden, may increase the risk of ischemic colitis. (mayoclinic.org)
Some diseases caused by abnormal chromosomes may increase the risk of leukemia. (smartdraw.com)
Gene mutations are changes to a gene, which can increase the risk of developing cancer. (cancer.ca)
It cannot be passed on to children and does not increase the risk of developing other cancers. (cancer.ca)
Some types of HPV can increase the risk of developing cancer. (macmillan.org.uk)
One risk factor may not increase the risk for all types of leukemia. (cancer.ca)
Some research suggests that having many sunburns, especially in childhood, might increase the risk of getting melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
The presence of one or more risk factors is not a cause of sexual assault, but it can increase the risk that sexual assault will occur. (inspq.qc.ca)
Although the etiology cannot be pinpointed on a single cause it is proved that obesity, socioeconomic conditions and genetic factors increase the risk of T2DM. (bartleby.com)
Other disease states that increase the risk of developing tuberculosis are Hodgkin lymphoma, end-stage renal disease, chronic lung disease, malnutrition, and alcoholism. (wikipedia.org)

Different cancers have different risk factors. (cancer.org)

This latest study, which is being presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in London, combined the work of 29 globally renowned experts to identify the nine modifiable lifestyle factors that contribute to increased dementia risk - all of which add up to 35% of overall impact. (netdoctor.co.uk)
The greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer's is increasing age, but Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. (alz.org)
While age increases risk, it is not a direct cause of Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
After age 65, the risk of Alzheimer's doubles every five years. (alz.org)
The risk of developing Alzheimer's or vascular dementia appears to be increased by many conditions that damage the heart and blood vessels. (alz.org)
One promising line of research suggests that strategies for overall healthy aging may help keep the brain healthy and may even reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's. (alz.org)
Most cases of Alzheimer's disease-type dementia result from a mix of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. (washington.edu)
About 20 gene variants are known to confer low levels of increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, while others endow resilience. (washington.edu)
APOE ε4 increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and is also associated with an earlier age of disease onset. (washington.edu)
They have confirmed about 20 gene variants that seem to slightly raise Alzheimer's risk after age 65. (washington.edu)
The estimate is based on a large, well-conducted review that looked at how seven lifestyle-related risk factors relate to the risk of Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
The review determined how strongly the risk factors, which included obesity and smoking, were associated with Alzheimer's disease and the proportion of people worldwide and in the US whose condition could be attributed to these factors. (www.nhs.uk)
The study found that approximately half of all cases of Alzheimer's disease were associated with one or more of the risk factors - diabetes, midlife high blood pressure, midlife obesity, depression, physical inactivity, smoking and low education. (www.nhs.uk)
Although this important research updates knowledge on potential risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, it should be stressed that associations between these lifestyle factors and Alzheimer's does not mean that they cause the disease. (www.nhs.uk)
This was a systematic review that investigated how seven potentially modifiable risk factors affected the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
It should be noted that in this case the term 'risk' does not necessarily mean that a factor causes Alzheimer's disease - it relates to the chance of people in different groups having Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
For example, when examining the risk associated with smoking it would examine the proportion of smokers and non-smokers with Alzheimer's disease, but this does not necessarily mean that Alzheimer's disease is directly caused by smoking. (www.nhs.uk)
They also wanted to estimate how reducing the number of people with each risk factor would affect the number of people who go on to have Alzheimer's disease. (www.nhs.uk)
They looked for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, written in English and published between 2005 and 2011, which had examined the associations between these risk factors and Alzheimer's disease or dementia. (www.nhs.uk)

Studies show that a woman's risk for breast cancer increases with the more alcohol she drinks. (cdc.gov)
There was not enough data available to include dietary factors or alcohol consumption in the findings, but experts believe both could be similarly influential. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Alcohol consumption has also been linked to increased lung cancer risk. (news-medical.net)
Along with well-established risk factors (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and young age), emerging variables such as diabetes, indoor air pollution, alcohol, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and tobacco smoke play a significant role at both the individual and population level. (hindawi.com)
The risk of infection following TB exposure is primarily governed by exogenous factors and is determined by an intrinsic combination of the infectiousness of the source case, proximity to contact and social and behavioural risk factors including smoking, alcohol, and indoor air pollution. (hindawi.com)
Diabetes, alcohol, malnutrition, tobacco smoke, and indoor air pollution are factors which impact a larger section of the population and accelerate progression to TB disease. (hindawi.com)
Regardless of your upbringing or moral code, many factors can raise your risk of becoming addicted to alcohol and other drugs. (healthline.com)
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , up to half of your risk of addiction to alcohol, nicotine, or other drugs is based on genetics. (healthline.com)
For children and teens, lack of parental involvement can lead to greater risk-taking or experimentation with alcohol and other drugs. (healthline.com)
In addition, while it is well-known that individual risk is increased with the number of relatives with alcohol dependence, scientists have not been in a position to identify who among these individuals might have greater or lesser risk. (elsevier.com)
Dr. Shirley Hill and her colleagues recruited children with either high or low familial risk for developing alcohol dependence and followed them annually over an eleven-year span. (elsevier.com)
The article is "Childhood Risk Factors for Young Adult Substance Dependence Outcome in Offspring from Multiplex Alcohol Dependence Families: A Prospective Study" by Shirley Y. Hill, Stuart R. Steinhauer, Jeannette Locke-Wellman, and Richard Ulrich. (elsevier.com)
The most consistently reported factors include: limited supervision by parents, use of drugs and alcohol by parents, having parents with mental health problems, and being in a family where the mother's spouse is not the child's biological father (i.e. a stepfather family). (inspq.qc.ca)

Environmental risk factors are those that are attributable to the layout, design, and amenities of the physical workspace. (cdc.gov)
When diseases tend to run in families, either heredity (genetics), environmental factors, or both, may play a role. (alz.org)
Although the main causes of lung cancer stems from environmental factors, the evidence for genetic susceptibility to lung cancer is compelling as genome-wide association studies have shown several regions associated with cancer risk and accumulation of familial cases have been observed in clinical studies. (news-medical.net)
However, knowledge in this area is still lacking because environmental factors often cover or confuse results in familial lung cancer studies. (news-medical.net)
Environmental factors can also raise your risk of addiction. (healthline.com)
Environmental factors such as diet have long been suspected of contributing to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in Western societies. (springer.com)
Full-length and Brief Reports of novel results, Commentaries, Case Studies of unusual significance, and Correspondence and Comments judged to be of high impact to the field are published, particularly those addressing genetic and environmental risk factors, neural circuitry and neurochemistry, and important new therapeutic approaches. (elsevier.com)
It seems to run in families, but there may be environmental factors involved. (healthline.com)
The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. (cancerresearchuk.org)
A person who develops Sjögren's syndrome most likely inherits the risk from one or both of their parents, but in addition, there's been some sort of environmental impact-such as a viral or bacterial infection-that causes it to become active. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The team has uncovered nine new genetic risk factors which work together with education-related behavior as the most important environmental factor causing myopia to generate the disorder. (uni-mainz.de)
In addition to the genetic causes of myopia there are also environmental factors, the most significant of which are education-related behavior patterns. (uni-mainz.de)
Aware that environmental effects and hereditary factors reinforce one another in the development of myopia, the scientists devised a novel research concept for their investigations. (uni-mainz.de)
They used a statistical analysis technique that takes into account both the effects of the environmental and hereditary factors and does so in equal measure and simultaneously. (uni-mainz.de)
This represents significant initial headway towards understanding how genetic causes interact with the level of education as an environmental factor to produce the heterogeneity of myopia. (uni-mainz.de)
In the first stage, they screened a wide range of lifestyle and environmental factors for links with depression in more than 112,000 older British adults. (nih.gov)
Environmental factors included how much green space and noise or air pollution the people lived around. (nih.gov)
It's always a combination of both, but these studies are designed to tap into that, and even though we didn't find significant environmental risk factors, it doesn't mean that they're not important. (psychcentral.com)
Risk factors of schizophrenia include multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
The combination of genetic and environmental factors leads to deficits in the neural circuits that affect sensory input and cognitive functions. (wikipedia.org)
A genetic predisposition on its own, without interacting environmental factors, will not give rise to the development of schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
Environmental risk factors are many, and include pregnancy complications, prenatal stress and nutrition, and adverse childhood experiences. (wikipedia.org)
An environmental risk factor may act alone or in combination with others. (wikipedia.org)
This is a complex process involving multiple environmental factors that have influence on a range of developmental periods that interact with a genetic susceptibility. (wikipedia.org)
It has been suggested that apart from gene-environment interactions, environment-environment interactions also be taken into account as each environmental risk factor on its own is not enough to promote the development of schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
Twin studies have shown that an identical twin has around a 50% risk of also developing the disorder, which means that the development of schizophrenia is around 50% of the time more associated with environmental factors. (wikipedia.org)

Some non-cancerous breast diseases such as atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ are associated with a higher risk of getting breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
People with autoimmune diseases (like lupus) sometimes take medicines that suppress the immune system, which might increase their risk for other diseases. (cancer.org)
And as with many other diseases, your risk of breast cancer goes up as you get older. (breastcancer.org)
Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010: Description of the global burden of NCDs, their risk factors and determinants. (cancerresearchuk.org)

However at the population level impact of this risk factor could vary depending on the local prevalence of the HIV. (hindawi.com)
They decided not to look at diet owing to the variability in dietary factors studied and the absence of data on prevalence of dietary habits. (www.nhs.uk)
Prevalence of different risk factors varies by region and country, this is partly why overall cancer incidence rates, and the most common types of cancer, also vary by region and country. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Worldwide cancer incidence and mortality reflects smoking prevalence, among other factors. (cancerresearchuk.org)

Birth control pills (particularly the estrogen content) can raise your risk of blood clots. (medlineplus.gov)
IV (intravenous) drug abuse carries a high risk of stroke from blood clots (cerebral embolisms). (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The search strategy for this paper included searching PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases for known risk factors. (hindawi.com)
Only English language papers were included in the search, and the searches were limited to studies of risk factors influencing TB infection and disease. (hindawi.com)

The main factors that influence your risk include being a woman and getting older. (cdc.gov)
Some forms of hormone replacement therapy (those that include both estrogen and progesterone) taken during menopause can raise risk for breast cancer when taken for more than five years. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, conditions which prolong the length of exposure to an infectious patient include health system-related factor such as delay in diagnosis. (hindawi.com)
Lifestyle factors - Lifestyle factors that raise the risk of coronary artery disease include lack of exercise, stress, obesity, and a diet rich in saturated fats and low in antioxidants. (news-medical.net)
Successful traders understand the factors that influence options pricing, which include the so-called " Greeks "-a set of risk measures so named after the Greek letters that denote them, which indicate how sensitive an option is to time-value decay, changes in implied volatility, and movements in the price its underlying security. (investopedia.com)
Risk factors for a certain type of cancer might include smoking, diet, family history, or many other things. (uhhospitals.org)
The most consistently reported factors include: being female, being between the ages of 6 and 11 (for intrafamilial sexual abuse alone), being between the ages of 12 and 17 (for extrafamilial sexual abuse alone), having experienced physical or sexual abuse in the past, and having special needs (handicap, intellectual disability, chronic illness, mental health problems). (inspq.qc.ca)
Other predisposing factors include a history of umbilical catheterization and cardiac, endocrine, and pulmonary causes. (medscape.com)

The remaining 65% of dementia risk is thought to be beyond the individual's control. (netdoctor.co.uk)
There is a link between head injury and future risk of dementia. (alz.org)
There are a number of things that can put someone at risk of developing vascular dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Age is the strongest risk factor for vascular dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Men are at slightly higher risk of developing vascular dementia than women. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Someone can reduce their risk of dementia by keeping these conditions under control, through taking prescribed medicines (even if they feel well) and following professional advice about their lifestyle. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Aside from these cardiovascular risk factors, there is good evidence that keeping mentally active throughout life reduces dementia risk. (alzheimers.org.uk)
What do we mean by risk factors for dementia? (alzheimers.org.uk)
A risk factor is something that affects your chance of developing dementia. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Find out more about what a risk factor is and how risks for dementia are identified. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Read our top six tips for reducing your risk of dementia, including keeping active, eating healthily, and exercising your mind. (alzheimers.org.uk)
The newspapers are full of headlines about things that can help prevent dementia or things that increase your risk. (alzheimers.org.uk)

In every grade, children experiencing any risk were more often chronic absentees-that is, they missed 10 percent or more of the school year-than those who did not encounter any risks," they write in the report, released in late January. (edweek.org)
Persons with chronic kidney failure and also on hemodialysis have an increased risk. (wikipedia.org)

Women who have inherited these genetic changes are at higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer. (cdc.gov)
A woman's risk for breast cancer is higher if she has a mother, sister, or daughter (first-degree relative) or multiple family members on either her mother's or father's side of the family who have had breast or ovarian cancer. (cdc.gov)
Women who had radiation therapy to the chest or breasts (for instance, treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma) before age 30 have a higher risk of getting breast cancer later in life. (cdc.gov)
Women who took the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was given to some pregnant women in the United States between 1940 and 1971 to prevent miscarriage, have a higher risk. (cdc.gov)
Women who are not physically active have a higher risk of getting breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
Older women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of getting breast cancer than those at a normal weight. (cdc.gov)
The risk of MCC is much higher for whites than for African Americans or Hispanics. (cancer.org)
For example, older age is linked to higher risk of many types of cancers, but the actual cause appears to be gene mutation (change), which is more likely to occur with age. (cancer.org)
Men have a higher risk of getting heart disease than women, except in older adults. (medlineplus.gov)
If your parents had a stroke, you are at higher risk. (medlineplus.gov)
Men whose relatives have had prostate cancer are considered to be at higher risk. (webmd.com)
Caucasian women are at higher risk of endometrial cancer. (medicinenet.com)
People exposed to ETS who have never smoked before are believed to have a lung cancer risk 31% higher than those who have never smoked and were not exposed to ETS. (news-medical.net)
Overall, about 10-15% of those infected go on to develop active disease at some stage later in life [ 2 ], but the risk of progression is much higher at about 10% per year [ 8 , 9 ] in HIV-positive and other immunocompromized individuals. (hindawi.com)
An infant who has seizures faces a higher risk of being diagnosed later in childhood with cerebral palsy. (smartdraw.com)
The risk of cerebral palsy is higher among babies who weigh less than 5 ½ pounds at birth or are born less than 37 weeks into pregnancy. (smartdraw.com)
Junior (15 to 16 years) and senior athletes seem to be at a higher risk of injury in many types of sport. (springer.com)
Men are, however, more likely to participate in vigorousexercise and sport and it is not known if men are at a generally higher risk of injury when the exposure is taken into account. (springer.com)
Previous injuries may necessarily not cause a repetition of injury if treated adequately, but certain individuals may be at a higher risk of injury due to injury-prone biological characteristics. (springer.com)
Higher levels of lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) also raises the risk of coronary artery disease. (news-medical.net)
Blood coagulation factors - Individuals who consume more dietary fat tend to have higher levels of coagulation factor VII. (news-medical.net)
A handful of states have enacted rating reforms for the individual health insurance market, prohibiting or restricting insurers from charging higher premiums based on health status or the risk of having future medical claims. (hhs.gov)
The more you smoke, the higher your risk. (healthcentral.com)
Our hormones, pregnancies, childbirth, as well as other gender-specific factors put us higher risk of this potentially fatal blockage in the brain. (go.com)
Tell your doctor about your migraines if you haven't already, since there is an association between higher migraine frequency and stroke risk. (go.com)
Smokers are at higher risk of stroke than people who do not smoke. (empowher.com)
Gender-Earlier in life, men are at higher risk of stroke than women. (empowher.com)
Your risk of stroke is higher if a family member has had a stroke. (empowher.com)
African Americans have a much higher risk for death and disability from a stroke than whites. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
You are at higher risk for having a second stroke after you have already had a stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
risk is 2.1-2.7 times higher in women with the highest circulating oestrogen levels, a cohort study showed. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Among people of African-Caribbean descent, the risk of diabetes and stroke - but not heart disease - is also higher. (alzheimers.org.uk)
Children with hereditary retinoblastoma have a higher risk of developing tumours in the pineal gland (called trilateral retinoblastoma). (cancer.ca)
Men have a higher risk for melanoma overall, but women have a higher risk before age 50. (uhhospitals.org)
People with very pale skin, those who freckle easily, and those with red or blond hair are at higher risk. (uhhospitals.org)
People whose parents or siblings have had melanoma are at higher risk of melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
People who have a weak immune system, such as people who have had an organ transplant, are at higher risk for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
Menopause can really take a hit on your body, sending your hormones and everything else out of whack and ultimately put you at a higher risk for a serious injury such as a hip fracture. (empowher.com)
The more risk factors you have, the higher your risk for getting type 2 diabetes. (kraftrecipes.com)
Identifying risk factors helps to better plan preventive interventions in the area of sexual assault by making it possible to target higher-risk groups and act on the risk factors concerned. (inspq.qc.ca)
Metabolic syndrome risk increased with age and was higher among black participants and those with less than a high school education. (diabetesjournals.org)
In a retrospective case-control study of patients admitted for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, factors which were independently associated with subsequent readmission at 30 days included higher admission stroke severity, greater number of hospitalizations within the year prior to the stroke, and the absence of hyperlipidemia. (medpagetoday.com)

The disease likely develops from multiple factors, such as genetics, lifestyle and environment. (alz.org)
We've got the doctor-approved scoop on bladder cancer causes and risk factors, including lifestyle choices, family history, genetics, and more. (healthcentral.com)
Some risk factors, like tobacco use, are lifestyle related and can be avoided, but others, like age and genetics, cannot be controlled. (moffitt.org)

It is a comprehensive consideration of all the evidence on food, nutrition, weight gain, overweight, obesity and physical activity on risk of cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
The seven risk factors included diabetes, midlife hypertension (high blood pressure), midlife obesity, smoking, depression, physical activity and cognitive inactivity/low educational attainment. (www.nhs.uk)
Although obesity has consistently been reported as a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome ( 14 , 15 ), the association of health behaviors and dietary composition with the development of metabolic syndrome is less well studied, particularly in young adults. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cite) Modifiable risk factors: The modifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus are obesity, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits and social and economic condition. (bartleby.com)

Watch Moving Forward to learn more about how increasing what protects people from violence and reducing what puts people at risk for it benefits everyone. (cdc.gov)
Most people with risk factors never get MCC, while others with this disease may have few or no known risk factors. (cancer.org)
People who get a lot of sun exposure are at greater risk for MCC. (cancer.org)
The risk of MCC goes up as people get older. (cancer.org)
People with HIV , the virus that causes AIDS, often have weakened immune systems and are also at increased risk for MCC. (cancer.org)
People who have occupations that involve working with soil are more at risk of histoplasmosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
There are a number of materials people will regularly come into contact with through their work that may increase lung cancer risk. (news-medical.net)
Sure, scientists can point to a few risk factors, but most people who develop the disease don't even have a family history. (healthcentral.com)
Family history may be a factor for some people. (healthcentral.com)
Peer pressure is another risk factor for addiction, especially among young people. (healthline.com)
However, having a particular version of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on chromosome 19-does increase risk, but only for people of European ancestry. (washington.edu)
Systematic reviews on risk factors tend to report their findings in terms of ' relative risks ', which express the risk of a disease in people with a risk factor relative to people without this risk factor (e.g. smokers vs. non-smokers). (www.nhs.uk)
While doctors have an idea of what may increase your risk of cancer, the majority of cancers occur in people who don't have any known risk factors. (mayoclinic.org)
People from racial and ethnic minority groups, especially those who are undergoing rapid Westernization, may be at increased risk for developing an eating disorder due to complex interactions between stress, acculturation, and body image. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
People with this blood disease are at increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. (smartdraw.com)
Lack of physical activity-People who do not get moderate exercise regularly are at increased risk of having a stroke. (empowher.com)
Risk for stroke after a heart attack has been shown to be elevated for people over age 75. (empowher.com)
People who have been diagnosed with type 1 neurofibromatosis have an elevated risk of developing schwannoma, meningioma and glioma. (moffitt.org)
People who have been diagnosed with type 2 neurofibromatosis have a heightened risk of developing meningioma, vestibular schwannoma and spinal cord ependymoma. (moffitt.org)
Many people who have one or more risk factors never develop bile duct cancer, while others are diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma despite having no known risk factors. (moffitt.org)
Had these additional risk factors been communicated, this might have led to the delivery being attended by a team of people, including those of appropriate seniority, ensuring a more timely and robust resuscitation process. (rcog.org.uk)
About one in five (18%) Texas adults who access the internet, or as many as 2,348,206 people, engage in at least 7 of the 15 behaviors or experience life events that may put them at increased risk of being victimized by online fraud. (aarp.org)
On the other hand, eating too much poultry and red meat can also put you at risk for stones: One 2014 study in the journal Nutritional Epidemiology found that vegetarians and fish-eaters were 30 to 50 percent less likely to have kidney stones than people who ate about 100 grams of meat per day (think: a steak and a half). (foxnews.com)
One oft-cited study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1996 found that people living in this area had nearly double the risk of stones as people living in cooler regions of the United States. (foxnews.com)
People with diabetes are at greater risk for a stroke than someone without diabetes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A family history only affects risk in a small proportion of people. (macmillan.org.uk)
However, some people with leukemia do not have any identifiable risk factors. (cancer.ca)
Some people with 1 or more risk factors never develop cancer. (uhhospitals.org)
Other people can develop cancer and have no risk factors. (uhhospitals.org)
While most moles are harmless, people who have many moles or abnormal moles (dysplastic nevi) are at increased risk for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
In some families, people share specific gene changes that increase their risk. (uhhospitals.org)
People with certain rare, inherited conditions, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), are at increased risk for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
Over 26 million people in the United States have diabetes and many more are at risk of developing diabetes. (kraftrecipes.com)
Individual risk factors must not serve to blame people who have been victimized , but to prevent sexual assault by helping to target people who are at greater risk and to act on the factors concerned. (inspq.qc.ca)
The community and societal factors identified as being associated with an increased risk that children and young people will be sexually abused show that sexual abuse is a social phenomenon that concerns the population as a whole. (inspq.qc.ca)
Various societal factors have been associated with an increased risk of being sexually abused as a child, in particular: hypersexualization of young people in a society, a history of denial in a society that child sexual abuse occurs, traditional norms regarding gender roles, the presence of an ideology of male sexual entitlement, weak legal sanctions against child sexual abuse, and social norms that support sexual abuse. (inspq.qc.ca)
Average-risk individuals are those people over the age 50 with no personal or family history of CRC. (eurekalert.org)
They looked at behaviors and social factors that people are able to change, including exercise, sleep, TV and computer use, diet, social activities, and social support. (nih.gov)
For people with genetic risk factors for depression, frequency of confiding in others and sleep duration were the most protective. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, the same genetic risk factors for alcoholism seemed to make people vulnerable to binging and purging as well. (psychcentral.com)
People with silicosis have an approximately 30-fold greater risk for developing TB. (wikipedia.org)
The risk of developing TB is estimated to be between 20-37 times greater in people living with HIV than among those without HIV infection. (wikipedia.org)
People with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of contracting tuberculosis, and they have a poorer response to treatment, possibly due to poorer drug absorption. (wikipedia.org)

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is thought to be a major risk factor for most skin cancers, including MCC. (cancer.org)
The increased risk may be related to skin damage caused by sun exposure over time and the fact that people's immune systems tend to become weaker as they get older. (cancer.org)
The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. (hindawi.com)
Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary load in the sputum and the proximity of an individual to an infectious TB case are key factors. (hindawi.com)
There are number of factors that can affect your risk of getting bladder cancer, including lifestyle and exposure to certain chemicals. (healthcentral.com)
These studies limited the true understanding of the total risk factor package for women living in the equatorial regions with the greatest exposure to Vitamin D from sunlight. (bellaonline.com)
Irregular, infrequent, absent or anovulatory menstrual cycles may reflect exposure to oestrogen unopposed by progesterone, and so may be associated with increased uterine cancer risk. (cancerresearchuk.org)
For example, sun exposure is a risk factor, and you can protect yourself from the sun. (uhhospitals.org)
Any workplace or household exposure to asbestos leads to a greater risk of developing mesothelioma. (mesothelioma.com)
It's important to be aware of all asbestos products and understand when you might be at high risk for exposure. (mesothelioma.com)

If you have breast cancer risk factors, talk with your doctor about ways you can lower your risk and about screening for breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

The factors listed below may be applicable to those with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or OSFED. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
One of the strongest risk factors for an eating disorder is perfectionism, especially a type of perfectionism called self-oriented perfectionism, which involves setting unrealistically high expectations for yourself. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)

When we address human factors in relation to health and safety, we're aiming to optimise human performance and reduce human failures. (hse.gov.uk)
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or health problem. (medlineplus.gov)
While age, family history and heredity are all risk factors we can't change, research is beginning to reveal clues about other risk factors we may be able to influence through general lifestyle and wellness choices and effective management of other health conditions. (alz.org)
Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. (hindawi.com)
This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli. (hindawi.com)
Underlying mental health issues can increase your risk of addiction. (healthline.com)
W. H. Frost, "Risk of persons in familial contact with pulmonary tuberculosis," American Journal of Public Health , vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 426-432, 1933. (hindawi.com)
The procedures of hazard evaluation are described and examples of assessments at selected workplaces are included, together with the list of hazardous biological factors (sources, occurrence, modes of transmission and possible effects on human health) and Polish regulatory texts. (ilo.org)
8. FP7 - ICT - 614440 http://www.carre-project.eu modelling health risk factors disorder 1 (as a risk factor) disorder 2 (as a probable consequence) leads to under certain conditions with a probability x E. Kaldoudi, et al. (slideshare.net)
Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypothyroidism/DS00353/DSECTION=risk-factors. (endocrineweb.com)
Health, health care, and factors associated with homelessness were assessed using multiple logistic regression with a Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate exact standard errors of the model coefficients and p-values. (jhu.edu)
Those in poor health or who are ethnic or racial minorities were more likely than others to be exposed to "cumulative risk. (edweek.org)

This can speed up the process of addiction and raise your risk of serious complications, including overdose. (healthline.com)

The Risk: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). (go.com)
But oestrogen unopposed by progesterone (e.g. after menopause, or during use of oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy) increases endometrial cancer risk. (cancerresearchuk.org)

Who Is at High Risk for Breast Cancer? (cdc.gov)
So not surprisingly with today's high risk factor correlations, it is difficult to create unique return streams. (forbes.com)
The risk of malignant transformation is unclear, but some authors have reported rates as high as 30% after a significant lag time, [ 23 ] which presents an opportunity for early intervention. (medscape.com)
A particular high-risk population is currently Chinese men, due to the large population in China and the increased trend of cigarette smoking. (news-medical.net)
The purpose of this article is to examine the risk and protective factors for different types of violent behavior in a sample of high school age adolescents drawn from the general population, illuminate the multiple and cumulative nature of the different risk factors, and characterize gender differences in explanatory variables that foster involvement in violent activities. (rand.org)
Ideally, these individual risk factors will now be fully investigated through high-quality trials. (www.nhs.uk)
While some of these factors such as older age, male gender and genetic predisposition are non-modifiable, there are also several lifestyle factors that can be adjusted to reduce the risk of the coronary artery disease such as smoking and high blood pressure. (news-medical.net)
High blood cholesterol or dyslipidemia - In particular, high blood cholesterol levels combined with high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) are associated with coronary artery disease risk. (news-medical.net)
High blood pressure - High blood pressure is associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease, especially an increased systolic blood pressure. (news-medical.net)
A persistently uncontrolled high level of blood sugar is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. (news-medical.net)
Measuring Risk briefly discusses measurement concepts and challenges, and then provides a high-level discussion of risk factor measurements. (wikipedia.org)
quicklist: 5 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: High Blood Pressure url: text: "The link between high blood pressure and stroke is one of the most profound in all of medicine," says Dr. Nissen. (go.com)
Poor diet- A diet that is high in trans fat, saturated fat, and low in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber increases your risk of having a stroke. (empowher.com)
It is a risk for diabetics to adopt this diet as fruits have high sugar content. (medindia.net)
But most women with breast cancer either don't have a family history or just had a single family member who's been diagnosed with breast cancer and don't come from these very high-risk families. (npr.org)
But a new report finds that children in families experiencing multiple risk factors-such as poverty or having a teenage mother-are more likely to have high absenteeism during their early years in school than children without those risks. (edweek.org)
A study by Blowey et al of 764 neonates diagnosed with hypertension indicated that the greatest hypertension risk was a high severity of illness as reflected in the APR-DRG (All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups) scoring system. (medscape.com)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, coexisting renal disease, and renal failure also posed high risks. (medscape.com)
Although potential predisposing factors, such as duration of line placement and line position (low versus high), have been studied, these studies have not been conclusive, leading to the assumption that the cause of hypertension in such cases is related to thrombus formation at the time of line placement, which is probably related to disruption of the vascular endothelium of the umbilical artery. (medscape.com)
Determining who is at risk for the metabolic syndrome has been an equally high priority ( 9 - 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Important segregation should be made between lower risk, common variants (identified by candidate studies or genome-wide association studies (GWAS)) and high risk, rare variants (which could be caused by de novo mutations) and copy-number variations (CNVs). (wikipedia.org)
There is also a very high 3 fold increased risk of infection with TB for patients who have diabetes mellitus. (wikipedia.org)

Organisations need to take a proportionate approach to human factors in risk assessment based on their hazard and risk profile. (hse.gov.uk)
HSE's approach to risk assessment is presented in the 'Controlling the risks in the workplace' (PDF). (hse.gov.uk)
Regulary review your risk assessment to see if any further improvements can be made. (hse.gov.uk)
The approach you take to human factors in risk assessment should be proportionate to hazards you face. (hse.gov.uk)
It is not a methodology for performing an enterprise (or individual) risk assessment. (wikipedia.org)
It is in direct competition with the other risk assessment frameworks, if complementary to many of them. (wikipedia.org)
As a standards body, The Open Group aims to evangelize the use of FAIR within the context of these risk assessment or management frameworks. (wikipedia.org)
Risk assessment questionnaires provided information on the children's behaviors, recent home improvements, and use of imported products. (elsevier.com)

As women get older, our risk for atrial fibrillation increases. (go.com)
Having an irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) is the most powerful and treatable heart risk factor of stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Some drugs, including rheumatoid arthritis drugs that work by blocking tumor necrosis factor-alpha (an inflammation-causingcytokine), raise the risk of activating a latent infection due to the importance of this cytokine in the immune defense against TB. (wikipedia.org)

We've invested more than $4.9 billion in cancer research since 1946, all to find more - and better - treatments, uncover factors that may cause cancer, and improve cancer patients' quality of life. (cancer.org)
This article explores the causes, risk factors, and available treatments for histoplasmosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Other factors, including well-known measures of RA, and established drugs treatments did not have much value for predicting pain in our study. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Risk factors are characteristics that may increase the likelihood of experiencing or perpetrating child abuse and neglect, but they may or may not be direct causes. (cdc.gov)
These characteristics of our market create significant risks and uncertainties for our business success. (trendmicro.com)
These components have characteristics (factors) that, in combination with one another, drive risk. (wikipedia.org)
We find that the extracted common factor successfully models the time series and cross-sectional characteristics of carry returns. (repec.org)
Risk factors for sexual assault are conditions, circumstances or characteristics associated with an individual or his or her environment that increase the likelihood of the individual becoming a perpetrator or a victim of sexual assault. (inspq.qc.ca)
OBJECTIVE -The aim of this study was to describe the association of the metabolic syndrome with demographic characteristics and to identify modifiable risk factors for development of the metabolic syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)
Furthermore, these risk factors along with demographic characteristics have most often been evaluated individually instead of in a multivariable setting, which could more appropriately identify multifactorial origins of the syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)
Thus, we investigated whether demographic characteristics and risk factors correlated with the metabolic syndrome in cross-sectional studies and based on a priori knowledge predicted development of the syndrome over 15 years. (diabetesjournals.org)
While this model requires validation, these two clinical characteristics are available at the time of admission, can be used to identify this at-risk population, and can be used to inform the development of appropriately powered prospective studies," the authors wrote. (medpagetoday.com)

How far and even whether your tumor will spread depends on a host of factors. (healthcentral.com)

Their efforts were crowned with success as they were able to classify nine previously unknown genetic risk factors. (uni-mainz.de)

A combination of individual, relational, community, and societal factors contribute to the risk of child abuse and neglect. (cdc.gov)
Various individual, relationship, community and societal factors are associated with an increased risk that a child or an adult will become a victim of sexual assault. (inspq.qc.ca)

Having a first-degree male relative with breast cancer also raises a woman's risk. (cdc.gov)

If you have OCD, you're also at increased risk of other anxiety disorders, including major depression and social phobias. (healthline.com)
Risk factors for all eating disorders involve a range of biological, psychological, and sociocultural issues. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
Being teased or bullied - especially about weight - is emerging as a risk factor in many eating disorders. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
29% were at risk for clinical eating disorders. (nationaleatingdisorders.org)
More information on the interaction between the movements made by neck, shoulders and hands is in our OSH Answers document on Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders - Risk Factors . (ccohs.ca)
eating disorders, metabolic disorder set in a vicious cycle leading to increased BMI thus increased risk for T2DM. (bartleby.com)

The report, issued by the World Cancer Research Fund, has involved hundreds of experts who have reviewed all the evidence we have to date about the link between food, nutrition, weight gain, overweight and physical activity and the risk of cancer. (www.nhs.uk)
Being overweight or obese is a possible risk factor for leukemia. (cancer.ca)
You should also get tested if you are younger than 45, overweight, and have one or more risk factors for diabetes (see the diabetes risk checklist below). (kraftrecipes.com)
It's a good idea to discuss your child's diabetes risk with his or her doctor, especially if your child is overweight or diabetes runs in your family. (kraftrecipes.com)

A risk factor is anything that raises your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. (cancer.org)
Lp(a) is a combination of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein a complex that is referred to as the ugly cholesterol since it raises the risk of heart attacks and strokes. (news-medical.net)
This raises the risk for stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

During January-March 2014, we reviewed risk factors CMRs were lower, but still substantial, for patients receiv- for dissemination and summarized all coccidioidomycosis ing steroids (https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ cases in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). (cdc.gov)
Patients with exogenous immunosuppres- consideration of underlying host genetic factors. (cdc.gov)
However, our research suggests that colonoscopy is the preferred test for screening average-risk patients," he said. (eurekalert.org)
CTC is an alternative to colonoscopy, which is the most commonly used test for CRC screening in patients who are at average risk of developing colon cancer. (eurekalert.org)
However, there are other factors that patients claim could be a potential cause or influencing factor to their malignant mesothelioma cancer. (mesothelioma.com)

Early Childhood Experience - Early childhood trauma, such as loss of a parent before adolescence, child neglect, physical, emotional or sexual abuse, and parental divorce are all linked to increased risk for adult depression. (psychcentral.com)
The study suggests that social support can be an important factor in preventing depression. (nih.gov)
A research team led by Drs. Karmel W. Choi and Jordan W. Smoller at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University analyzed 106 factors in people's daily lives to see whether they could find other factors that affect depression risk. (nih.gov)
The team applied a novel, two-stage approach to identify factors that can affect the risk of developing depression. (nih.gov)
and those without these known risk factors for depression. (nih.gov)
How much time they spent on the computer and how much salt they consumed showed the highest increase in risk for depression. (nih.gov)
The factor that most increased risk of depression was how much television they watched. (nih.gov)
For the second stage of the study, the team used a method called Mendelian randomization to narrow down the list to those factors with a causal connection to depression risk. (nih.gov)
Visiting with family and friends also appeared to have a protective effect, suggesting that social interactions may be key to reducing risk of depression. (nih.gov)
More research is needed to determine how the factors identified in this study might contribute to depression. (nih.gov)
Controlled clinical trials will be needed to test whether changing these factors can help prevent depression. (nih.gov)

Certain oral contraceptives (birth control pills) also have been found to raise breast cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
Having the first pregnancy after age 30, not breastfeeding, and never having a full-term pregnancy can raise breast cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
Research suggests that other factors such as smoking, being exposed to chemicals that can cause cancer, and changes in other hormones due to night shift working also may increase breast cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
Molecular markers such as altered oncogenes, genome hypermutations, and immune factors have shown promise in penile cancer risk stratification and prognostication. (medscape.com)
Geographically there is a lot of variation in lung cancer risk, both globally and within nations. (news-medical.net)
This risk increases with the duration and amount of smoking, but duration has the biggest effect on lung cancer risk. (news-medical.net)
While examining the usual suspects in a region on chromosome 8, we found that SNP's (single nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with ovarian cancer risk were located quite a distance away from those associated with risk of other cancers, which suggest that they may act through a different mechanism. (redorbit.com)
The report presents findings and recommendations to decrease cancer risk. (www.nhs.uk)
Professor Michael Marmot, an epidemiologist at University College London, chairman of the panel that produced this report, features in much of the coverage as suggesting that the direct link between increased weight and increased cancer risk was even stronger than that associated with smoking. (www.nhs.uk)
Think Pink, Live Green: A Step-by-Step Guide to Reducing Your Risk of Breast Cancer teaches you the biology of breast development and how modern life affects breast cancer risk. (breastcancer.org)
Uterine cancer risk is strongly related to age. (cancerresearchuk.org)
This is probably their mechanism of association with uterine cancer risk. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Cancer risk factors are overall similar worldwide. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Any substance or condition that increases cancer risk is referred to as a risk factor. (cancer.ca)

If you do develop preeclampsia, you are at an increased risk of future hypertension and stroke. (go.com)
Note that women, but not men, had a greater risk of all-cause death associated with hypertension and elevated total and non-HDL cholesterol. (medpagetoday.com)
Those factors -- in addition to hypertension, elevated body mass index, and large waist circumference -- were also related to a greater risk of death from endogenous causes. (medpagetoday.com)
Diabetes mellitus is also a contributing factor of development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, blindness, and stroke as individuals' age. (bartleby.com)

1 ] Studies with endometrial cancer as the endpoint are now rare, because the risks of oestrogen-only HRT users are now well-known, so users are closely monitored and their treatment stopped or changed if endometrial hyperplasia develops. (cancerresearchuk.org)

And recent research backs up these recommendations: A recent meta-analysis published in The American Journal of Medicine found that a whole foods diet reduces cardiovascular risk factors more so than diets that just focus on being low-fat. (go.com)

Identifying and understanding protective factors are equally as important as researching risk factors. (cdc.gov)
Anatomical considerations, motor performance requirements and psychological factors are particularly important. (springer.com)
and probable constitutional factors that may determine in an important way the efficiency with which a drug-specific immune response can be translated into a systemic allergic reaction. (nih.gov)
In any event, it is important to emphasize that risk factors are not determinative. (moffitt.org)
Understanding your risk factors is important because it will help your doctor determine your need to be screened for hypothyroidism. (endocrineweb.com)
It is very important to know that musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs), and specifically, repetitive motion injuries (RMIs) rarely originate from one event or a particular factor. (ccohs.ca)
Heart disease is the second most important risk factor for stroke, and the major cause of death among survivors of stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Mutations or changes in the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene is the most important risk factor for retinoblastoma. (cancer.ca)
Risk factors are generally listed in order from most to least important. (cancer.ca)
Patient satisfaction is believed to be an important factor in determining uptake and compliance with any screening test, so investigators sought to compare patient satisfaction following both CTC and colonoscopy. (eurekalert.org)
CONCLUSIONS -BMI and weight gain are important risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)
Diabetes mellitus is also an important risk factor that is growing in importance in developing countries. (wikipedia.org)

However, there are many other risk factors associated with increased lung cancer incidence. (news-medical.net)
However, the study's estimates of incidence and risk factors that were used to derive this figure are based on global and US rates of risk factors that may not be specifically attributable to a UK population. (www.nhs.uk)
In fact, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors are increasing among children. (kraftrecipes.com)

Smoking almost doubles your risk for an ischemic stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

This article discusses the risk factors for stroke and things you can do to lessen your risk. (medlineplus.gov)
Some risk factors for stroke you cannot change. (medlineplus.gov)
The risk of stroke goes up with age. (medlineplus.gov)
Learn the risk factors for stroke and take steps to protect yourself. (go.com)
Read on to see how you can lower your stroke risk. (go.com)
quicklist: 2 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Oral Contraception url: text: Taking birth control pills puts you at risk for stroke. (go.com)
quicklist: 3 category: Stroke Risk Factors title: Migraine with Aura url: text: Women are four times more likely to get migraines than men. (go.com)
While evidence is lacking about whether decreasing migraine frequency could decrease stroke risk, it may not be a bad idea to treat them, the guidelines say. (go.com)
Controlling AF can help lower your stroke risk. (go.com)
If you lower your blood pressure, you lower your risk of stroke. (go.com)
This is one of the greatest modifiable risk factors for stroke. (empowher.com)
and amphetamines, increases your risk for stroke. (empowher.com)
Age-Your risk of having a stroke increases as you age. (empowher.com)
Genetic Factors-Certain inherited traits may put a person at increased risk for stroke. (empowher.com)
Who is at risk for a stroke? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
But your chance of having a stroke increases if you have certain risk factors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Some risk factors for stroke can be changed or managed, while others can't. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Heart disease and stroke have many of the same risk factors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Some types of heart disease can raise your risk for stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Over time, this can raise your risk for stroke. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Someone with a family history of stroke, heart disease or diabetes has an increased risk of developing these conditions. (alzheimers.org.uk)
To identify factors associated with a greater risk for readmission, Bushnell and colleagues examined data from the Joint Commission Primary Stroke Center-certified hospital at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. (medpagetoday.com)

Progression to full-blown diabetes isn't inevitable, the ADA says, suggesting you can lessen your risk by exercising regularly, quitting smoking and losing any extra weight. (medicinenet.com)
How do I know if I'm at risk for diabetes? (kraftrecipes.com)
See the Diabetes Risk Checklist below to learn whether you're at risk. (kraftrecipes.com)
And if you are, find out what you can do to reduce your diabetes risk. (kraftrecipes.com)
You should be tested if you've ever been told you're at risk for diabetes. (kraftrecipes.com)
You may also be at increased diabetes risk if you are of Latin American, African American, Pacific Island or Native American heritage. (kraftrecipes.com)
Talk with your doctor about your diabetes risk and how to get tested. (kraftrecipes.com)
Can children be at risk for type 2 diabetes? (kraftrecipes.com)
Shedding even a few pounds-5 to 7% of your body weight, which translates to 10 to 15 pounds for a 200-pound person-reduces your diabetes risk. (kraftrecipes.com)
Print this list and place a checkmark next to each diabetes risk factor that applies to you. (kraftrecipes.com)

Heredity is a major risk factor for addiction. (healthline.com)
37% of uterine cancer cases each year in the UK are linked to major lifestyle and other risk factors. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Sunlight, the main source of UV rays, is a major risk factor for melanomas (and other skin cancers). (uhhospitals.org)
HIV is a major risk factor for tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)

Smokers have been advised not to take beta-carotene supplements as studies have shown an increased risk of lung cancer associated with this dietary supplement. (news-medical.net)

There is evidence of a convincing or probable causal link between certain foods and a reduced risk of some cancers including: foods containing dietary fibre, vegetables and fruits, milk, calcium supplements (which protect against colorectal cancer) and selenium supplements (which protect against prostate cancer). (www.nhs.uk)

Using other types of tobacco including cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff or chewing tobacco also poses increased risks of developing lung cancer, mouth cancer and oesophageal cancer. (news-medical.net)

Protective factors may lessen the likelihood of children being abused or neglected. (cdc.gov)

Being a woman and getting older are the main risk factors for breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
If you're concerned about your risk of developing hypothyroidism, there are two main factors to consider-age and sex. (endocrineweb.com)

However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing shingles. (empowher.com)
The greater the number of sexual assault risk factors, the greater is the likelihood that a person will be a perpetrator or a victim of sexual assault. (inspq.qc.ca)
Certain individual factors have been associated with an increased likelihood of being sexually abused as a child. (inspq.qc.ca)
Community factors associated with an increased likelihood of being sexually abused as a child have been studied to only a limited extent thus far. (inspq.qc.ca)
After multivariate adjustment, there were only three factors associated with the likelihood of readmission -- initial NIHSS score, the number of prior hospitalizations, and the presence of hyperlipidemia, which was associated with a reduced likelihood being readmitted (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.89). (medpagetoday.com)
The paternal age is a factor in schizophrenia because of the increased likelihood of mutations in the chromosomes of cells that produce sperm. (wikipedia.org)

Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Risk Factors in minutes with SmartDraw. (smartdraw.com)
Ask your child's healthcare team questions about risks . (cancer.ca)
To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about risks . (cancer.ca)
Talk with your healthcare provider about your risk factors for melanoma. (uhhospitals.org)
Talk with your healthcare provider about the best ways to reduce your risks. (uhhospitals.org)

2011) Vulnerability and protective factors for child abuse and maltreatment. (cdc.gov)
Protective factors were being a college graduate or married. (jhu.edu)
We work to build protective factors to offset the risk factors. (seacoastonline.com)
The families with risk factors, such as low income or single parents, are impacted as we build in protective factors, like good community support. (seacoastonline.com)

Anatomy5

Diseases62

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment68

Psychiatry and Psychology15

Phenomena and Processes35

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena8

Information Science10

Named Groups10

Health Care84

Geographicals34

Does risk factor epidemiology put epidemiology at risk? Peering into the future. (1/106621)

Comparative total mortality in 25 years in Italian and Greek middle aged rural men. (2/106621)

Physician advice and individual behaviors about cardiovascular disease risk reduction--seven states and Puerto Rico, 1997. (3/106621)

Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal. (4/106621)

Use of wood stoves and risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract: a case-control study. (5/106621)

Helicobacter pylori infection, garlic intake and precancerous lesions in a Chinese population at low risk of gastric cancer. (6/106621)

Precancerous lesions in two counties of China with contrasting gastric cancer risk. (7/106621)

Serum triglyceride: a possible risk factor for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. (8/106621)

Risk Factors

Prevalence

Case-Control Studies

Cardiovascular Diseases

Incidence

Prospective Studies

Logistic Models

Cohort Studies

Smoking

Age Factors

Retrospective Studies

Multivariate Analysis

Odds Ratio

Cross-Sectional Studies

Risk Assessment

Follow-Up Studies

Sex Factors

Hypertension

Body Mass Index

Obesity

Questionnaires

Time Factors

United States

Diabetes Mellitus

Age Distribution

Regression Analysis

Coronary Disease

Comorbidity

Proportional Hazards Models

Infant, Newborn

Socioeconomic Factors

Life Style

Sex Distribution

Diabetes Complications

Blood Pressure

Risk

Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Stroke

Treatment Outcome

Alcohol Drinking

Longitudinal Studies

Chi-Square Distribution

Prognosis

Japan

Pregnancy

Biological Markers

China

Predictive Value of Tests

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Epidemiologic Methods

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Genotype

European Continental Ancestry Group

Metabolic Syndrome X

Confidence Intervals

Severity of Illness Index

Cholesterol, HDL

Postoperative Complications

Coronary Artery Disease

Cholesterol

Brazil

Population Surveillance

Lipids

Hypercholesterolemia

Homocysteine

Atherosclerosis

Dyslipidemias

Health Surveys

Blood Glucose

Diet

Educational Status

Polymorphism, Genetic

Rural Population

Hyperlipidemias

India

Urban Population

C-Reactive Protein

Asian Continental Ancestry Group

Chronic Disease

Recurrence