AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Circumcision, MalePhimosisCircumcision, FemalePenile DiseasesCeremonial BehaviorForeskinAfrica, SouthernPenisBalanitisBalanitis Xerotica ObliteransPenile NeoplasmsMedicine, African TraditionalHIV InfectionsAfrica, EasternBotswanaUgandaSexually Transmitted DiseasesKenyaSexual BehaviorUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentHerpes GenitalisPrilocaineParaphimosisSexual PartnersSwazilandLesothoPublic Health NursingSomaliaSouth AfricaReligion and MedicineHeterosexualityDominican RepublicInfant, NewbornZimbabweCultureUlcerTrichomonas InfectionsPremature EjaculationGenitalia, MaleAfrica South of the SaharaPetrolatumTanzaniaGenital Diseases, MaleSurgical InstrumentsDisease Transmission, InfectiousAttitude to HealthSexualityDyspareuniaHygieneGeneral SurgeryHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Circumcision, Male: Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.Phimosis: A condition in which the FORESKIN cannot be retracted to reveal the GLANS PENIS. It is due to tightness or narrowing of the foreskin opening.Circumcision, Female: A general term encompassing three types of excision of the external female genitalia - Sunna, clitoridectomy, and infibulation. It is associated with severe health risks and has been declared illegal in many places, but continues to be widely practiced in a number of countries, particularly in Africa.Penile Diseases: Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.Ceremonial Behavior: A series of actions, sometimes symbolic actions which may be associated with a behavior pattern, and are often indispensable to its performance.Foreskin: The double-layered skin fold that covers the GLANS PENIS, the head of the penis.Africa, Southern: The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra.Balanitis: Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis.Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans: An atrophic and sclerotic condition of the head of the PENIS, glans penis. Sometimes it leads to stenosis and occasionally obliteration of the external meatal orifice.Penile Neoplasms: Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.Medicine, African Traditional: A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Africa, Eastern: The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.Botswana: A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.Uganda: A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.Kenya: A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.Sexual Behavior: Sexual activities of humans.United States Agency for International Development: An independent Federal agency established in 1961 as the focal point for economic matters affecting U.S. relations with developing countries.Herpes Genitalis: Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.Paraphimosis: A condition in which the FORESKIN, once retracted, cannot return to its original position. If this condition persists, it can lead to painful constriction of GLANS PENIS, swelling, and impaired blood flow to the penis.Sexual Partners: Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.Swaziland: A kingdom in southern Africa, west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Mbabane. The area was settled by the Swazi branch of the Zulu nation in the early 1880's, with its independence guaranteed by the British and Transvaal governments in 1881 and 1884. With limited self-government introduced in 1962, it became independent in 1968. Swazi is the Zulu name for the people who call themselves Swati, from Mswati, the name of a 16th century king, from a word meaning stick or rod. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1170 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p527)Lesotho: A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru.Public Health Nursing: A nursing specialty concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations, using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to develop local, regional, state, and national health policy and research. It is population-focused and community-oriented, aimed at health promotion and disease prevention through educational, diagnostic, and preventive programs.Somalia: Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator and, with Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Kenya, is often referred to as the Horn of Africa. It comprises Italy's former Trust Territory of Somalia and the former British Protectorate of Somaliland. The capital is Mogadishu.South Africa: A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.Religion and Medicine: The interrelationship of medicine and religion.Heterosexuality: The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the opposite SEX.Dominican Republic: A republic in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is Santo Domingo. With Haiti, it forms the island of Hispaniola - the Dominican Republic occupying the eastern two thirds, and Haiti, the western third. It was created in 1844 after a revolt against the rule of President Boyer over the entire island of Hispaniola, itself visited by Columbus in 1492 and settled the next year. Except for a brief period of annexation to Spain (1861-65), it has been independent, though closely associated with the United States. Its name comes from the Spanish Santo Domingo, Holy Sunday, with reference to its discovery on a Sunday. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p338, 506 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p151)Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Zimbabwe: A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.Culture: A collective expression for all behavior patterns acquired and socially transmitted through symbols. Culture includes customs, traditions, and language.Ulcer: A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.Trichomonas Infections: Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.Premature Ejaculation: The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.Genitalia, Male: The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).Africa South of the Sahara: All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).Petrolatum: A colloidal system of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from PETROLEUM. It is used as an ointment base, topical protectant, and lubricant.Tanzania: A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.Genital Diseases, Male: Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).Surgical Instruments: Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.Disease Transmission, Infectious: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).Attitude to Health: Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.Sexuality: The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. Sexuality, male or female, becomes evident at PUBERTY under the influence of gonadal steroids (TESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL), and social effects.Dyspareunia: Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.Hygiene: The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)General Surgery: A specialty in which manual or operative procedures are used in the treatment of disease, injuries, or deformities.Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice: Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Circumcision, MalePhimosisCircumcision, FemalePenile DiseasesCeremonial BehaviorForeskinAfrica, SouthernPenisBalanitisBalanitis Xerotica ObliteransPenile NeoplasmsMedicine, African TraditionalHIV InfectionsAfrica, EasternBotswanaUgandaSexually Transmitted DiseasesKenyaSexual BehaviorUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentHerpes GenitalisPrilocaineParaphimosisSexual PartnersSwazilandLesothoPublic Health NursingSomaliaSouth AfricaReligion and MedicineHeterosexualityDominican RepublicInfant, NewbornZimbabweCultureUlcerTrichomonas InfectionsPremature EjaculationGenitalia, MaleAfrica South of the SaharaPetrolatumTanzaniaGenital Diseases, MaleSurgical InstrumentsDisease Transmission, InfectiousAttitude to HealthSexualityDyspareuniaHygieneGeneral SurgeryHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Female genital mutilation in the United StatesFemale genital mutilation in the United States
Female circumcision. Who is at risk in the U.S.?". Public Health Reports. Association of Schools of Public Health. 112 (5): 368 ... They reported a marked increase in the number of girls and women at risk of FGM in the United States. However, this can be ... While reports on the prevalence of FGM in the United States have shown an increase in the number of girls and women at risk, ... The 2013 study estimated 513,000 girls and women in the United States were either victims of FGM or at risk of FGM, with ⅓ ...
Hans RoslingHans Rosling
The risk of transmission from woman to man is halved". Lakartidningen. 107 (46): 2881-2883. PMID 21197783. Hanson, S.; Thorson ... 2017 - United Nations Population Award Thorson, A.; Ragnarsson, A.; Rosling, H.; Ekström, A. (2010). "Male circumcision reduces ...
Blinded experimentBlinded experiment
HIV risk". BBC News. 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2009-05-18. McNeil Jr, Donald G. (2006-12-13). "Circumcision Reduces Risk of AIDS, ... However, there is a risk that subjects are influenced by interaction with the researchers - known as the experimenter's bias. ...
Dorsal slitDorsal slit
Warner E, Strashin E. Benefits and risks of circumcision. Canadian Medical Association Journal. November 1981;125(9):967-76, ... Circumcision and Māori by Valentino Križanić Young, H & McGrath, K (2001). "A review of circumcision in New Zealand". In Hodges ... Since superincision and circumcision are both forms of genital cutting that expose the glans, it can often be difficult to know ... It could be that this might be an answer to some critics of circumcision. A simple dorsal slit can be performed in patients who ...
Robert Bailey (epidemiologist)Robert Bailey (epidemiologist)
The trial was stopped early in December 2006, because its results showed that circumcision significantly reduced the risk of ... He subsequently helped design Kenya's circumcision program as an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy. Bailey has also researched risk ... doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60312-2. "Adult Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Risk of Acquiring HIV". National Institutes ... "Demand for male circumcision rises in a bid to prevent HIV". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 84 (7). July 2006. ...
EngenderHealthEngenderHealth
"Advancing Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV in Kenya". EngenderHealth. Retrieved 2012-03-12. "CHAMPION Project Launches in ... "EngenderHealth Leads HIV Project to Reach At-Risk Urban Population in Ethiopia". EngenderHealth. Retrieved 2009-09-24. ... The Consortium works to "improve and expand access to voluntary medical circumcision services in Kenya as part of an overall ... male circumcision as a way to reduce HIV transmission; the reduction of stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive ...
Sexually transmitted infectionSexually transmitted infection
... and being in a relationship where each person only has sex with the other also decreases the risk. Circumcision in males may be ... Such interactive counseling, which can be resource intensive, is directed at a person's risk, the situations in which risk ... High risk' types of HPV cause almost all cervical cancers, as well as some anal, penile, and vulvar cancer. Some other types of ... In some instances a disease can be carried with no symptoms, which leaves a greater risk of passing the disease on to others. ...
Nsambya Home CareNsambya Home Care
Normal kissing usually does not carry those risks. NHC teaches about the signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS. There are major and ... This mainly affects traditionalists who are exposed to such objects especially during circumcision. There is a general belief ...
Psychological traumaPsychological trauma
This discrepancy in risk rate can be attributed to protective factors some individuals may have that enable them to cope with ... In G.C. Denniston, F.M. Hodges, & M.F. Milos (Eds.), Understanding Circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi- ... Within the context of a clinical interview, the risk for imminent danger to the self or others is important to address but is ... However, some people are born with or later develop protective factors such as genetics and sex that help lower their risk of ...
Penile cancerPenile cancer
It is considered a risk factor for the development of penile cancer. Circumcision-Some studies show that circumcision during ... Cessation of smoking may reduce the risk of penile cancer. Circumcision during infancy or in childhood may provide partial ... It has been suggested that the reduction in risk may be due to reduced risk of phimosis; other possible mechanisms include ... The lifetime risk has been estimated as 1 in 1,437 in the United States and 1 in 1,694 in Denmark. Urethral cancer Male breast ...
Female genital mutilationFemale genital mutilation
Wanda K. Jones, et al., "Female Genital Mutilation/Female Circumcision: Who Is at Risk in the U.S.?", Public Health Reports, ... Jones, W. K.; Smith, J.; Kieke, B.; Wilcox, L. (September 1997). "Female genital mutilation/Female circumcision. Who is at risk ... The surgical infibulation of women came to be known as pharaonic circumcision in Sudan, but as Sudanese circumcision in Egypt. ... including symbolic circumcision. Type 1 is "partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce". Type Ia (circumcision ...
American Academy of PediatricsAmerican Academy of Pediatrics
Rabin, Roni (2012-08-27). "Benefits of Circumcision Are Said to Outweigh Risks". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-03-30. ... Emmons, Sasha (2012-08-27). "AAP: Health benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks". CNN. Retrieved 22 September 2014. ... Tanner, Lindsey (2012-08-27). "Circumcision Benefits Outweigh Risks and Insurers Should Pay; Pediatricians Revise Stance". ... Rochman, Bonnie (2012-08-27). "Circumcision: Pediatricians Say Benefits Trump Risks". Time. Retrieved 22 September 2014. "The ...
Human rights in South AfricaHuman rights in South Africa
For example, male circumcision at birth reduces the risk of the child getting HIV/AIDS. However, many South Africans do not do ... Furthermore, the risk of union conflict is a deterrent for foreign companies. South Africa is receptive to foreign companies ... Workers who strike are generally strongly motivated, even with protected strikes, because there is much risk of loss. The union ... Considering poor facilities, some schools are not structurally stable and are at risk of collapse, with some schools even ...
Brian Morris (biologist)Brian Morris (biologist)
Zadrozny, Brandy (2 April 2014). "New Study Says Benefits of Circumcision Outweigh Risks 100 to 1". The Daily Beast. Retrieved ... He is a long time circumcision advocate, and has written a pro-circumcision book and runs a pro-circumcision website. Brian ... Home page at the University of Sydney Benefits of circumcision Brian Morris' website on circumcision. ... In Favour of Circumcision reviewed by Basil Donovan, Director of the Sydney Sexual Health Centre and Clinical Professor in the ...
Haemorrhagic disease of the newbornHaemorrhagic disease of the newborn
The most common sites of bleeding are the umbilicus, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, circumcision and venepunctures. ... The disease causes an increased risk of bleeding. ...
Brit milahBrit milah
"Rare Circumcision Ritual Carries Herpes Risk". My.webmd.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2005. Retrieved 2012- ... The Covenant of Circumcision Jewish Encyclopedia's entry for Circumcision Jewish Virtual Library's Circumcision - Brit Milah ... Ilani, Ofri (2008-05-12). "Traditional circumcision raises risk of infection, study shows". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 15 August ... Brit rechitzah Circumcision of Jesus Tractate Shabbat: Chapter 19, Regulations ordained by R. Eliezer concerning circumcision ...
PLOS MedicinePLOS Medicine
Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial". PLOS Medicine. 2 ... "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: An Introduction to the Cost, Impact, and Challenges of Accelerated Scaling Up". www. ... The first randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of male circumcision on female to male HIV transmission was ... The trial estimated that male circumcision provided protection of 60% (95% CI: 32%-76%) for female to male HIV transmission. ...
Wound lickingWound licking
Jennifer Warner: Rare Circumcision Ritual Carries Herpes Risk WebMD Health News, 2 August 2004 Hatfield, Gabrielle (2004). ... Infection is another risk. Horses that lick wounds may become infected by a stomach parasite, Habronema, a type of nematode ... As with the licking of wounds by people, wound licking by animals carries a risk of infection. Allowing pet cats to lick open ... However, there are also infection risks due to bacteria in the human mouth. Oral mucosa heals faster than skin, suggesting that ...
X linked thrombocytopeniaX linked thrombocytopenia
Circumcision should be avoided for infant males with XLT due to the risk of bleeding and infection. Regular follow ups to track ... This same research showed that patients with XLT have a high overall survival rate but they are at risk for severe life- ... Splenectomy has been shown to improve platelet counts but also significantly increases the risk of life-threatening infections ... However, individuals with X-linked thrombocytopenia have an increased risk for life-threatening brain hemorrhages and ...
Lichen sclerosusLichen sclerosus
... but its effects on cancer risks in LS are not conclusively known. In males, it has been reported that circumcision can have ... Circumcision does not prevent or cure LS; in fact, "balanitis xerotica obliterans" in men was first reported as a condition ... In women, it has been reported that 33.6 times higher vulvar cancer risk is associated with LS. A study in men reported that " ... Lichen sclerosus is associated with a higher risk of cancer. Skin that has been scarred as a result of lichen sclerosus is more ...
Edgar SchoenEdgar Schoen
The 1989 report he oversaw stated that circumcision reduced the risks of urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted ... MD on Circumcision (ISBN 1571431233) and Circumcision, Sex, God, and Science: Modern Health Benefits of an Ancient Ritual (ISBN ... He held the position of Chair of the 1988 American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision. Schoen held positions at ... Interviewed in the Eastbay Express (2000), he stated, "Circumcision is one of the best health insurance policies you can give a ...
Human penisHuman penis
Advocates of circumcision argue, for example, that it provides important health advantages that outweigh the risks, has no ... "Male Circumcision and Risk for HIV Transmission and Other Health Conditions: Implications for the United States". Centers for ... Circumcision has been suggested to affect semen displacement. Circumcision causes the coronal ridge to be more pronounced, and ... state that evidence indicates male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by men during penile-vaginal ...
PLOS MedicinePLOS Medicine
Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk (2005)[edit]. The first randomized controlled trial to assess the effect ... Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial". PLOS Medicine. 2 ... "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: An Introduction to the Cost, Impact, and Challenges of Accelerated Scaling Up". www. ... "Achieving the HIV Prevention Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Lessons and Challenges for Managing Programs". www. ...
Christian views on the Old CovenantChristian views on the Old Covenant
One issue was circumcision, which was repulsive to a Greek mind. Some theorize that the early Christians came largely from the ... 46); and the Jewish women showed their loyalty to the Law, even at the risk of their lives, by themselves circumcising their ... 14, 64d). Circumcision, however, was much more important, and, like baptism, was called a "seal" (Schlatter, "Die Kirche ... 9a). All the more did the law-observing Jews defy the edict of Antiochus Epiphanes prohibiting circumcision (I Macc. i. 48, 60 ...
Incident at AntiochIncident at Antioch
46); and the Jewish women showed their loyalty to the Law, even at the risk of their lives, by themselves circumcising their ... 9a). All the more did the law-observing Jews defy the edict of Antiochus Epiphanes prohibiting circumcision (I Macc. i. 48, 60 ... Circumcision: In Apocryphal and Rabbinical Literature: "Contact with Grecian life, especially at the games of the arena [which ... he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision ...
MedicaidMedicaid
The states pay a monthly capitated rate per member to the MCOs that provide comprehensive care and accept the risk of managing ... "Is it lawful to use Medicaid to pay for circumcision?" (PDF). Journal of Law and Medicine. 19 (2): 335-53. PMID 22320007. ...
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Circumcision, MalePhimosisCircumcision, FemalePenile DiseasesCeremonial BehaviorForeskinAfrica, SouthernPenisBalanitisBalanitis Xerotica ObliteransPenile NeoplasmsMedicine, African TraditionalHIV InfectionsAfrica, EasternBotswanaUgandaSexually Transmitted DiseasesKenyaSexual BehaviorUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentHerpes GenitalisPrilocaineParaphimosisSexual PartnersSwazilandLesothoPublic Health NursingSomaliaSouth AfricaReligion and MedicineHeterosexualityDominican RepublicInfant, NewbornZimbabweCultureUlcerTrichomonas InfectionsPremature EjaculationGenitalia, MaleAfrica South of the SaharaPetrolatumTanzaniaGenital Diseases, MaleSurgical InstrumentsDisease Transmission, InfectiousAttitude to HealthSexualityDyspareuniaHygieneGeneral SurgeryHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Female CircumcisionFemale Circumcision
However, the practice of severe forms of female circumcision is now proven to be a great health risk, and the women of the ... This paper reviews the practice of female circumcision and proposes a plan to reduce the use of harmful forms of circumcision, ... Circumcision occurs for a number of cultural reasons, such as religion, tradition, preserving virginity, and cultural ... societies that still practice female circumcision risk severe health problems. ...
heart-intl.net
Phimosis and Paraphimosis - Mens Health Issues - Merck Manuals Consumer VersionPhimosis and Paraphimosis - Men's Health Issues - Merck Manuals Consumer Version
The usual treatment is circumcision. However, in children, sometimes the application of a corticosteroid cream 2 or 3 times ... The tightened foreskin can interfere with urination and sexual activity and may increase the risk of urinary tract infections. ... daily and periodic gentle stretching of the foreskin are effective and spare the child a circumcision. The cream may be used ...
merckmanuals.com
Female genital mutilationFemale genital mutilation
We engage directly with women and men in communities to raise awareness of the risks of FGM. We support them through training ... Female genital mutilation is sometimes referred to with other terms like female circumcision and female genital cutting. We use ... FORWARDs work with affected communities safeguards girls at risk of FGM and supports women living with the consequences - in ... Our continuing work in this region contributes to positive change for young girls at risk of FGM. ...
forwarduk.org.uk
Phimosis | Denver HealthPhimosis | Denver Health
Risk Factors. Phimosis is more common in young boys. It may also occur in older boys and men. ... This can be done with circumcision. Occasionally, small strands connecting the foreskin to the penis, called adhesions, can be ... Risk Factors. Phimosis is more common in young boys. It may also occur in older boys and men. ... To reduce the risk of respiratory infection, Denver Health has introduced a NO VISITOR policy with limited exceptions. ...
denverhealth.org
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans(BXO) - Symptoms, Treatment, CausesBalanitis Xerotica Obliterans(BXO) - Symptoms, Treatment, Causes
Circumcision, Causes, Risk factors, Complications, Diagnosis of Balanitis ... 5. Circumcision. In adults, circumcision is also done remove the foreskin and to prevent the progression of the disease. The ... Causes & Risk Factors. The balanitis is caused by many conditions. There are also many risk factors which predispose to ... Smoking During Pregnancy Risks, Effects to Mother and Baby Top 10 Healthy Fast Food Tips How to Measure, Lose, and Prevent Body ...
ehealthwall.com
Health service provider education and/or training in infant male circumcision to improve short- and long-term morbidity...Health service provider education and/or training in infant male circumcision to improve short- and long-term morbidity...
Study selection, data extraction and synthesis and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will ... Scale-up of circumcision services could lead to a rise in these associated morbidities that could have significant impact on ... We will calculate the pooled estimates of the difference in means and risk ratios using random effects models. If insufficient ... However, the effect of infant male circumcision on morbidity and mortality still remains unclear. Acute morbidities associated ...
systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com
The Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting (FGM/C) News Blog: Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among...The Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting (FGM/C) News Blog: Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among...
FGC is also called female genital mutilation or FGM; FGM/C; or female circumcision. ... rites of passage Amnesty International asylum awareness raising Burkina Faso campaigns child/forced marriage childbirth risks ...
fgcdailynews.blogspot.com
Circumcisions Benefits Outweigh Risks, Doctors SayCircumcision's Benefits Outweigh Risks, Doctors Say
The health benefits of circumcision outweigh the procedures risks, and the operation should be covered by insurance, the AAP ...
livescience.com
Circumcision: Possible benefits, recovery, and risksCircumcision: Possible benefits, recovery, and risks
Some people believe that it can reduce the risk of some infections. Learn more here. ... Circumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures. It is a simple operation to remove the foreskin of the ... Circumcision Benefits More Than Risks, AAP Male circumcision benefits are greater than the risks, says the American Academy of ... Risks of circumcision. (2016, January 22). Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Circumcision/Pages/Risks.aspx ...
medicalnewstoday.com
Male Circumcision | HIV Risk and Prevention | HIV/AIDS | CDCMale Circumcision | HIV Risk and Prevention | HIV/AIDS | CDC
CDC has developed Information for Providers Counseling Male Patients and Parents Regarding Male Circumcision and the Prevention ... HIV Risk and Prevention Estimatesplus icon *HIV Risk Behaviors. *Effectiveness of Prevention Strategies to Reduce the Risk of ... A brief bulleted summary of the health benefits and risks of elective medically performed male circumcision is provided at the ... and risks of medical male circumcision; the acceptability of, provider attitudes towards, access to, and cost-effectiveness of ...
cdc.gov
The Circumcision Debate: Beyond Benefits and Risks | Commentaries | PediatricsThe Circumcision Debate: Beyond Benefits and Risks | Commentaries | Pediatrics
... "the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks."2 This formulation of the debate, "benefits versus risks" ... American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision. . Circumcision policy statement. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):585-586pmid ... Circumcision Policy Statement. Task Force on Circumcision. Pediatrics. 1999;103(3);686-693. Reaffirmation published on 116(3); ... In much of the world, newborn circumcision is not primarily a medical decision. Most circumcisions are done due to religious ...
pediatrics.aappublications.org
Circumcision: Benefits, Procedures and RisksCircumcision: Benefits, Procedures and Risks
Circumcision is usually performed two to three weeks after the baby is born. ... During circumcision, the foreskin is surgically removed, exposing the glans. ... A reduction in the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. What are the risks of a circumcision?. The risks of circumcision are ... Circumcision: Benefits, Procedures and Risks. When you learned that you were having a boy, you probably started thinking about ...
americanpregnancy.org
Benefits of Circumcision Outweigh Risks, Pediatric Group Says - The New York TimesBenefits of Circumcision Outweigh Risks, Pediatric Group Says - The New York Times
The American Academy of Pediatrics has shifted its stance on infant male circumcision, motivated in part by research that says ... Benefits of Circumcision Are Said to Outweigh Risks. By RONI CARYN RABIN. AUG. 27, 2012. ... Two studies have found that circumcision actually increases the risk of H.I.V. infection among sexually active men and women, ... Benefits of Circumcision Are Said to Outweigh Risks. Order Reprints, Todays Paper,Subscribe ...
nytimes.com
Male circumcision, sexually transmitted disease, and risk of HIV. - PubMed - NCBIMale circumcision, sexually transmitted disease, and risk of HIV. - PubMed - NCBI
Male circumcision, sexually transmitted disease, and risk of HIV.. Seed J1, Allen S, Mertens T, Hudes E, Serufilira A, Carael M ... Circumcision may be an appropriate risk reduction approach for men with known exposures to the virus when there are constraints ... Lack of circumcision is associated with a higher risk of HIV infection in Rwandan men. Further research is needed to determine ... Uncircumcised men had a relatively low-risk profile in that they reported fewer lifetime sexual partners and prostitute ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Report Says Circumcision May Reduce Risk of Prostate Cancer - The New York TimesReport Says Circumcision May Reduce Risk of Prostate Cancer - The New York Times
The authors of a new analysis suggest that circumcision eliminates the possibility of germs flourishing in the moist ... Prevention: Prostate Risk Is Lower After Circumcision. By NICHOLAS BAKALAR. MARCH 12, 2012. ... The scientists found that circumcision before first sexual intercourse was associated with a 15 percent lower risk for prostate ... A new analysis has found evidence that circumcision may reduce the risk for prostate cancer. ...
nytimes.com
CROI: Circumcision Reduces Risk of Herpes Simplex-2 | Medpage TodayCROI: Circumcision Reduces Risk of Herpes Simplex-2 | Medpage Today
Circumcision reduced the risk of acquiring herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) by 24% in a randomized clinical trial in Africa, a ... CROI: Circumcision Reduces Risk of Herpes Simplex-2. BOSTON -- Circumcision reduced the risk of acquiring herpes simplex-2 (HSV ... but that circumcision has been shown to reduce the risk. *Note that this study showed that circumcision reduces the risk of ... 5 -- Circumcision reduced the risk of acquiring herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) by 24% in a randomized clinical trial in Africa, a ...
medpagetoday.com
Circumcision Rate Falls Despite Health RisksCircumcision Rate Falls Despite Health Risks
The rate of neonatal circumcision has fallen in the U.S., according to a report that says half of uncircumcised men face a ... A review of the scientific literature found the health benefits of circumcision exceeded the risks by more than 100 to 1, said ... A newborn closes his eyes during his circumcision ceremony. New data shows the rate of circumcision in the U.S. has fallen.Noah ... Some parents have opposed what they call an inhumane practice, but much of the drop in circumcision in the U.S. may be due to ...
nbcnews.com
Male circumcision cuts female Aids risk | News | Al JazeeraMale circumcision cuts female Aids risk | News | Al Jazeera
Male circumcision, which has been shown to protect men from infection with the Aids virus, appears to protect women, too, US ... Male circumcision cuts female Aids risk. Male circumcision, which has been shown to protect men from infection with the Aids ... Circumcision also reduced the risk of infection with other sexually-transmitted diseases such as trichomonas and bacterial ... They re-analysed previous studies and found that circumcision reduced the risk of HIV infection in men by 50% - and by 70% in ...
aljazeera.com
Circumcision Benefits Outweigh Risks, Study Reports - The New York TimesCircumcision Benefits Outweigh Risks, Study Reports - The New York Times
A review of studies has found that the health benefits of infant male circumcision vastly outweigh the risks involved in the ... Circumcision Benefits Outweigh Risks, Study Reports. By Nicholas Bakalar April 7, 2014 10:38 am. April 7, 2014 10:38 am. ... A review of studies has found that the health benefits of infant male circumcision vastly outweigh the risks involved in the ... "Male circumcision is in principle equivalent to childhood vaccination," said the lead author, Brian J. Morris, emeritus ...
well.blogs.nytimes.com
Male Circumcision Doesnt Raise Sexual Risk-Taking in Zambia - POZMale Circumcision Doesn't Raise Sexual Risk-Taking in Zambia - POZ
Zamibian men who get circumcised as a part of a public health effort to reduce HIV risk do not seem to engage in riskier sexual ... So the researchers concluded that, on the whole, circumcision has not led to risk compensation among these men.. To read the ... Research has found that circumcision reduces the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission by about 60 percent. As a result, ... Male Circumcision Doesnt Raise Sexual Risk-Taking in Zambia. July 29, 2014 ...
poz.com
CDC: Health benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks | Q13 FOX NewsCDC: Health benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks | Q13 FOX News
Control and Prevention finds that uncircumcised men and the parents of newborn babies should at least consider circumcision, ... stating that the benefits of the procedure are dramatic while the risks are low. ... Circumcision can also cut the risk of genital herpes, and of getting cancer-causing strains of the human papillomavirus. ... CDC: Health benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks. Posted 6:28 PM, December 2, 2014, by Q13 News Staff ...
q13fox.com
Follow-up Probe Confirms Circumcision Greatly Reduces HIV Risk in MenFollow-up Probe Confirms Circumcision Greatly Reduces HIV Risk in Men
A follow-up probe studying the use of circumcision to thwart the AIDS virus has confirmed that foreskin removal significantly ... reduces the risk of HIV infection for men. ... Follow-up Probe Confirms Circumcision Greatly Reduces HIV Risk ... But the risk of HIV infection was 57-61 percent lower among those who had been circumcised. Without circumcision, prevalence of ... Circumcision To Snip or Not to Snip. Circumcision is the removal of a part or the entire foreskin from the penis. It began as a ...
medindia.net
Herpes Risk from Ancient Form of CircumcisionHerpes Risk from Ancient Form of Circumcision
... This is NOT a complication of regular circumcision. Id describe the variant of ... Yahoo! News - Herpes Risk from Ancient Form of Circumcision. This is NOT a complication of regular circumcision. Id describe ... Herpes Risk from Circumcision. Eight infants developed genital herpes following an ancient Jewish ritual of circumcision, ... Herpes Risk from Ancient Form of Circumcision. August 4, 2004 by GruntDoc ...
gruntdoc.com
Circumcision linked to increased risk of autism in young boysCircumcision linked to increased risk of autism in young boys
Ritual circumcision and risk of autism spectrum disorder in 0- to 9-year-old boys: national cohort study in Denmark. Journal of ... I believe circumcision is a nonsense. N.. Whoa!. Come on, circumcision was commanded by God Himself in the Old Law, and just a ... I believe circumcision is a nonsense. N.. Whoa!. Come on, circumcision was commanded by God Himself in the Old Law, and just a ... Ritual circumcision linked to increased risk of autism in young boys, research suggests. Date: January 9, 2015. Source: SAGE ...
fisheaters.com
Circumcision Reduces Risk of Herpes, HPV Infection - HealthCircumcision Reduces Risk of Herpes, HPV Infection - Health
Overall, circumcision reduced the mens risk of genital herpes by 28% (10.3% of uncircumcised men; 7.8% of circumcised men) and ... It was already known that circumcision can reduce the risk of penile cancer, a relatively rare disease. In a previous study, ... Genital herpes has been associated with an increased risk of HIV, and HPV can cause genital warts as well as a higher risk of ... the same research team found that adult circumcision could reduce the risk of HIV infection. ...
health.com
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Circumcision, MalePhimosisCircumcision, FemalePenile DiseasesCeremonial BehaviorForeskinAfrica, SouthernPenisBalanitisBalanitis Xerotica ObliteransPenile NeoplasmsMedicine, African TraditionalHIV InfectionsAfrica, EasternBotswanaUgandaSexually Transmitted DiseasesKenyaSexual BehaviorUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentHerpes GenitalisPrilocaineParaphimosisSexual PartnersSwazilandLesothoPublic Health NursingSomaliaSouth AfricaReligion and MedicineHeterosexualityDominican RepublicInfant, NewbornZimbabweCultureUlcerTrichomonas InfectionsPremature EjaculationGenitalia, MaleAfrica South of the SaharaPetrolatumTanzaniaGenital Diseases, MaleSurgical InstrumentsDisease Transmission, InfectiousAttitude to HealthSexualityDyspareuniaHygieneGeneral SurgeryHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
ForeskinUsual treatment is circumcisionInfectionPenisAfricaFemaleCulturesEffect of circumcisionNeonatalAmerican Academy ofProcedureTask force on circumcisionRoutineAdultInfantPenilePreventionFound that circumcisionSexually transmitInfantsVMMCHuman papillomavirusShow that circumcisionRate of circumcisionBenefit of circumcisionEvidence that circumcisionMedicallyNewbornsInfectionsVoluntaryCervical cancerLowersGenitalJewishHealth benefits of circumcisionMedical indications for circumcisionFalling circumcision ratesIncidenceBenefitsPhimosisShown that circumcisionLack of circumcisionPrevalence of circumcisPractice of circumcisionInnovations in Male CircumcisionMan'sMeatal stenosisReduces RiskTrial of male circumcisionMen's
Foreskin3
Usual treatment is circumcision1
Infection1
Penis1
  • Most findings also support and indicate that an uncircumcised penis is at high risk because this allows exposure to urine, warmth and moist on its skin folds and greatly contributes to the development of the disease. (ehealthwall.com)
Africa1
  • FORWARD's work with affected communities safeguards girls at risk of FGM and supports women living with the consequences - in Africa and practicing migrant communities in the UK and Europe. (forwarduk.org.uk)
Female1
Cultures1
  • We train and support professionals engaging with affected communities - by raising awareness of the issues and by building their confidence to support at risk communities in ways respectful of local cultures. (forwarduk.org.uk)
Effect of circumcision8
Neonatal26
American Academy of20
Procedure60
Task force on circumcision1
  • We're not pushing everybody to circumcise their babies," Dr. Douglas S. Diekema, a member of the academy's task force on circumcision and an author of the new policy, said in an interview. (nytimes.com)
Routine13
Adult18
Infant19
Penile12
Prevention23
Found that circumcision2
Sexually transmit8
Infants6
VMMC5
Human papillomavirus4
Show that circumcision3
Rate of circumcision4
  • New data shows the rate of circumcision in the U.S. has fallen. (nbcnews.com)
  • African Americans and Hispanics already have a lower rate of circumcision and having to pay out of pocket may make it even more likely that it won't be done. (nbcnews.com)
  • Over the past few years we have seen any number of scaremongering articles, with titles such as "Declining rate of circumcision despite increasing evidence of health benefits", and numerous opinion pieces by diehard believers in circumcision, who paint lurid scenarios of the public health catastrophe that is sure to unfold if American parents stop circumcising their baby boys. (circinfo.org)
  • Worldwide, the rate of circumcision is much lower. (alberta.ca)
Benefit of circumcision2
Evidence that circumcision3
Medically4
Newborns4
Infections25
Voluntary4
Cervical cancer3
Lowers1
Genital8
Jewish22
  • If the baby was born in a birth center or if it was a home birth, circumcision can wait up to two weeks and can be performed either in your pediatricians office or with a Jewish Mohel. (americanpregnancy.org)
  • This is wildly seen as a reaction to the fact that the Jewish Hospital Berlin has stopped offering religious circumcisions due to "legal uncertainties" after the Cologne ruling. (jonathanturley.org)
  • Many people found the idea of a Jewish hospital not offering religious circumcisions disturbing. (jonathanturley.org)
  • But those numbers did not include procedures performed outside of hospitals, including Jewish rituals that are usually performed in the home, or circumcisions that were not reimbursed by insurance. (go.com)
  • Rabbi Andrew Baker, the director of international Jewish affairs at the American Jewish Committee, told a conference on countering anti-Semitism this year that it was important to fight for the protection of the "elemental" religious practice of circumcision on behalf of the handful of Jewish people in Iceland. (nbcnews.com)
  • A Mohel performs a circumcision ceremony to an 8-day-old Jewish boy. (go.com)
  • The modern Jewish community uses a sterile aspiration device to clean the wound in a circumcision. (go.com)
  • Circumcision violates several Jewish laws and beliefs, including the law that the human body must no. (wddty.com)
  • The ancient Greeks prized the foreskin and disapproved of the Jewish custom of circumcision. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the Historia Augusta , the Roman emperor Hadrian issued a decree banning circumcision in the empire, and some modern scholars argue that this was a main cause of the Jewish Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 CE. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, he forbade the circumcision of non-Jews that were either foreign-slaves or non-Jewish members of the household, contrary to Genesis 17:12 He also made it illegal for a man to convert to Judaism. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, David E. Fishman, professor of Jewish History at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America , states that, whereas the heder and yeshiva , the organs of Jewish education, "were banned by virtue of the law separating church and school, and subjected to tough police and administrative actions," circumcision was not proscribed by law or suppressed by executive measures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Religious male circumcision, which is practiced under both Jewish and Islamic law, allows individuals to participate fully in their religion. (annfammed.org)
  • The claim that the presence of the foreskin increases the risk of prostate cancer, and therefore that all men ought to be circumcised, was first made in the 1940s by a cranky American doctor called Abraham Ravich, who believed that the disease was less common among his Jewish patients than in others. (circinfo.org)
  • The debate about the controversial circumcision ban has by now expanded beyond national territories, and while the Jewish population has certainly expressed their concerns, much less space has been given to the opinions of local Muslims. (grapevine.is)
  • and if that was not a sufficient indication of the way the wind is blowing, it appears that a significant number of Jewish Americans are also abandoning circumcision in favour of peaceful naming ceremonies . (circinfo.org)
  • According to Judaism, circumcision (known as 'bris or brit milah') is commanded in Genesis 17:10-14 as an outward sign of a man's participation in Israel's covenant with God, and a sign that the Jewish people will perpetuate through him. (huggies.co.nz)
  • According to Jewish law, a circumcision is deemed invalid if it is not performed in this way, and those Jews who are not circumcised will suffer kareit, a punishment for sins in which the person loses his spiritual connection with his divine source. (huggies.co.nz)
  • I tell parents that your son is still Jewish in the Reform tradition even if he's not circumcised," says Sara Imershein , MD, an ob-gyn who is also a mohelet, a person trained in Jewish laws who provides circumcisions in private ceremonies. (thebump.com)
  • Traditionally, a mohel, a man trained in Jewish laws and circumcision, performs the rite. (thebump.com)
  • Nowadays, for a multitude of different reasons, people definitely feel comfortable with doctors and other medical professionals performing these procedures," says Stephanie Langsam , MD, an ob-gyn and mohelet who performs circumcisions in hospitals and for Jewish ceremonies. (thebump.com)
  • Family members and friends gather around 8-day-old Israeli baby Oz Naftaly Cohen after his traditional Jewish circumcision ceremony in 2005. (wyso.org)
Health benefits of circumcision3
  • A review of the scientific literature found the health benefits of circumcision exceeded the risks by more than 100 to 1, said Brian J. Morris, lead author of the study and a professor emeritus of the School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute at the University of Sydney. (nbcnews.com)
  • The AAP has found that the health benefits of circumcision are greater than the risks. (ahealthyme.com)
  • In recent years there has been some evidence of possible health benefits of circumcision, and it is often these that are cited as reasons for parents choosing to circumcise their sons. (huggies.co.nz)
Medical indications for circumcision2
  • 5 , 6 It is clear that there remains considerable controversy about the medical indications for circumcision, particularly when it is used as a preventive measure. (bmj.com)
  • Some conditions are, however, recognised as medical indications for circumcision, the most recognised of which are phimosis and recurrent balanoposthistis. (huggies.co.nz)
Falling circumcision rates1
  • Researchers from Johns Hopkins University have found that "twenty years of falling circumcision rates have cost the country $2 billion in preventable medical costs. (jonathanturley.org)
Incidence3
  • The government agency found that the incidence of circumcision declined from 56 percent in 2006 to 32.5 percent in 2009. (go.com)
  • These figures correlate inversely with incidence of male circumcision in these groups. (hindawi.com)
  • A further weakness of the study is that it did not control for race or age - important issues, as African American men have double the rate of prostate cancer compared with whites and an overall circumcision incidence of only only 43%, and because the likelihood of prostate cancer rises sharply with increasing age. (circinfo.org)
Benefits38
Phimosis2
Shown that circumcision1
  • But studies haven't shown that circumcision will decrease an HIV infected man's chances of spreading Aids virus to women. (doctorvista.com)
Lack of circumcision2
  • A negative relationship was found between warts and lack of circumcision. (nih.gov)
  • A series of subsequent studies failed to find any association between lack of circumcision and increased risk of prostate cancer, however, and in its 2010 policy statement on circumcision the Royal Australasian College of Physicians noted tersely: "This association [between lack of circumcision and prostate cancer] has not been consistent, and more recent reviews have failed to confirm it. (circinfo.org)
Prevalence of circumcis3
Practice of circumcision3
  • In 1967 all religion in Communist Albania was banned, along with the practice of circumcision. (wikipedia.org)
  • It argues that, rather than a sweeping appeal to rights, a moral analysis of the practice of circumcision will require a careful examination of the interests of the child. (bmj.com)
  • The practice of circumcision dates back to ancient Egypt. (webmd.com)
Innovations in Male Circumcision3
  • The WHO Technical Advisory Group on Innovations in Male Circumcision (TAG) met in January 2012 to review the data on the use of a device as an alternative method to. (malecircumcision.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) Technical Advisory Group on Innovations in Male Circumcision (TAG) met from 30 September to 2 October 2014 to review new information on the. (malecircumcision.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) established a Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on Innovations in Male Circumcision in 2010 to advise WHO on the safety, acceptability, and public. (malecircumcision.org)
Man's1
Meatal stenosis5
  • The condition is called meatal stenosis and the risk of developing it is 16-26 times higher in circumcised than intact boys under the age of ten. (sciencenordic.com)
  • The weakness of register-based studies is that you can sometimes find correlations without causality," says Rawashdeh, who adds that given such a highly increased risk of meatal stenosis, he would expect to see more than the three cases a year that he typically observes. (sciencenordic.com)
  • Physicians are aware of the relationship between circumcision and narrowing of the urinary opening, says Thorup, but according to hospital records, meatal stenosis only affects 0.5 per cent of circumcised boys, whereas around 0.17 per cent of intact boys get the problem due to a skin disease known as BXO. (sciencenordic.com)
  • On 22 December 2016, the Journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland published online a large population-based study corroborating longstanding clinical knowledge that non-therapeutic circumcision puts boys at markedly elevated relative risk of USD (urethral stricture disease), including meatal stenosis (narrowing of the urinary outlet). (doctorsopposingcircumcision.org)
  • The most common long-term complication seen after circumcision is meatal stenosis. (medscape.com)
Reduces Risk2
Trial of male circumcision1
Men's2