Ribonucleases. Medical search

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.

An enzyme that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pancreatic ribonucleic acids to 3'-phosphomono- and oligonucleotides ending in cytidylic or uridylic acids with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. EC 3.1.27.5.

An enzyme catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA at the 3'-position of a guanylate residue. EC 3.1.27.3.

A ribonuclease that specifically cleaves the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been isolated from a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as well as RETROVIRUSES.

An RNA-containing enzyme that plays an essential role in tRNA processing by catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of TRANSFER RNA precursors. It removes the extra 5'-nucleotides from tRNA precursors to generate mature tRNA molecules.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.26.-, EC 3.1.27.-, EC 3.1.30.-, and EC 3.1.31.-.

Hormones produced by the placenta include CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN as well as steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE), and neuropeptide hormones similar to those found in the hypothalamus (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES).

An endoribonuclease that is specific for double-stranded RNA. It plays a role in POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING of pre-RIBOSOMAL RNA and a variety of other RNA structures that contain double-stranded regions.

A 19-kDa cationic peptide found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is a RIBONUCLEASE and may play a role as an endogenous antiviral agent.

A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.

Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.13.-, EC 3.1.14.-, EC 3.1.15.-, and EC 3.1.16.-. EC 3.1.-

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A ribonuclease activity that is a component of the HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE. It removes the RNA strand of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by reverse transcription. Once the RNA moiety is removed a double stranded DNA copy of the HIV RNA can be synthesized.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A group of 13 or more ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the internal bonds and thereby the formation of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides from ribo- or deoxyribonucleotide chains. EC 3.1.-.

A group of cytosine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each cytosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolases of ester bonds within DNA. EC 3.1.-.

A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction RNA(n+1) and orthophosphate to yield RNA(n) and a nucleoside diphosphate, or the reverse reaction. ADP, IDP, GDP, UDP, and CDP can act as donors in the latter case. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.7.7.8.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An intracellular ribonucleolytic protein complex that participates in POSTRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING and RNA DEGRADATION.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

An imperfect fungus present on most agricultural seeds and often responsible for the spoilage of seeds in bulk storage. It is also used in the production of fermented food or drink, especially in Japan.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Proteins found in EOSINOPHIL granules. They are primarily basic proteins that play a role in host defense and the proinflammatory actions of activated eosinophils.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.

Slow-moving exclusively arboreal mammals that inhabit the tropical forests of South and Central America.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

An order of New World mammals characterized by the absence of incisors and canines from among their teeth, and comprising the ARMADILLOS, the SLOTHS, and the anteaters. The order is distinguished from all others by what are known as xenarthrous vertebrae (xenos, strange; arthron, joint): there are secondary, and sometimes even more, articulations between the vertebrae of the lumbar series. The order was formerly called Edentata. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, vol. I, p515)

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Multicomponent ribonucleoprotein structures found in the CYTOPLASM of all cells, and in MITOCHONDRIA, and PLASTIDS. They function in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS via GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

A group of compounds which consist of a nucleotide molecule to which an additional nucleoside is attached through the phosphate molecule(s). The nucleotide can contain any number of phosphates.

A thermostable extracellular metalloendopeptidase containing four calcium ions. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) 3.4.24.27.

One of several basic proteins released from EOSINOPHIL cytoplasmic granules. Eosinophil cationic protein is a 21-kDa cytotoxic peptide with a pI of 10.9. Although eosinophil cationic protein is considered a member of the RNAse A superfamily of proteins, it has only limited RNAse activity.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. EC 2.7.7.49.

RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.

A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

An actinomycete from which the antibiotic CHLORTETRACYCLINE is obtained.

The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tyrosine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

A group of inosine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each inosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.

A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

Techniques for measuring specific nucleic acid interaction with another nucleic acid or with a protein by digestion of the non-interacting nucleic acid by various nucleases. After all non-interacting regions are eliminated by nuclease digestion, the protected nucleic acid that remains is analyzed. DNA FOOTPRINTING utilizes this technique to analyze the DNA contact sites of DNA-BINDING PROTEINS.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Stable phosphorus atoms that have the same atomic number as the element phosphorus, but differ in atomic weight. P-31 is a stable phosphorus isotope.

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

RNA, usually prepared by transcription from cloned DNA, which complements a specific mRNA or DNA and is generally used for studies of virus genes, distribution of specific RNA in tissues and cells, integration of viral DNA into genomes, transcription, etc. Whereas DNA PROBES are preferred for use at a more macroscopic level for detection of the presence of DNA/RNA from specific species or subspecies, RNA probes are preferred for genetic studies. Conventional labels for the RNA probe include radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. RNA probes may be further divided by category into plus-sense RNA probes, minus-sense RNA probes, and antisense RNA probes.

Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Sulfur-sulfur bond isomerases that catalyze the rearrangement of disulfide bonds within proteins during folding. Specific protein disulfide-isomerase isoenzymes also occur as subunits of PROCOLLAGEN-PROLINE DIOXYGENASE.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

A reverse transcriptase encoded by the POL GENE of HIV. It is a heterodimer of 66 kDa and 51 kDa subunits that are derived from a common precursor protein. The heterodimer also includes an RNAse H activity (RIBONUCLEASE H, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) that plays an essential role the viral replication process.

A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids.

Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (1/4689)

Plants can become 'immune' to attack by viruses by degrading specific viral RNA, but some plant viruses have evolved the general capacity to suppress this resistance mechanism. (+info)

Structural basis for the specificity of the initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription. (2/4689)

Initiation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription requires specific recognition of the viral genome, tRNA3Lys, which acts as primer, and reverse transcriptase (RT). The specificity of this ternary complex is mediated by intricate interactions between HIV-1 RNA and tRNA3Lys, but remains poorly understood at the three-dimensional level. We used chemical probing to gain insight into the three-dimensional structure of the viral RNA-tRNA3Lys complex, and enzymatic footprinting to delineate regions interacting with RT. These and previous experimental data were used to derive a three-dimensional model of the initiation complex. The viral RNA and tRNA3Lys form a compact structure in which the two RNAs fold into distinct structural domains. The extended interactions between these molecules are not directly recognized by RT. Rather, they favor RT binding by preventing steric clashes between the nucleic acids and the polymerase and inducing a viral RNA-tRNA3Lys conformation which fits perfectly into the nucleic acid binding cleft of RT. Recognition of the 3' end of tRNA3Lys and of the first template nucleotides by RT is favored by a kink in the template strand promoted by the short junctions present in the previously established secondary structure. (+info)

Possible involvement of proteasomes (prosomes) in AUUUA-mediated mRNA decay. (3/4689)

We have identified a cellular target for proteasomal endonuclease activity. Thus, 20 S proteasomes interact with the 3'-untranslated region of certain cytoplasmic mRNAs in vivo, and 20 S proteasomes isolated from Friend leukemia virus-infected mouse spleen cells were found to be associated with a mRNA fragment showing great homology to the 3'-untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor-beta mRNA that contains AUUUA sequences. We furthermore demonstrate that 20 S proteasomes destabilize oligoribonucleotides corresponding to the 3'-untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, creating a specific cleavage pattern. The cleavage reaction is accelerated with increasing number of AUUUA motifs, and major cleavage sites are localized at the 5' side of the A residues. These results strongly suggest that 20 S proteasomes could be involved in the destabilization of cytokine mRNAs such as tumor necrosis factor mRNAs and other short-lived mRNAs containing AUUUA sequences. (+info)

Characterization of nuclear structures containing superhelical DNA. (4/4689)

Structures resembling nuclei but depleted of protein may be released by gently lysing cells in solutions containing non-ionic detergents and high concentrations of salt. These nucleoids sediment in gradients containing intercalating agents in a manner characteristic of DNA that is intact, supercoiled and circular. The concentration of salt present during isolation of human nucleoids affects their protein content. When made in I-95 M NaCl they lack histones and most of the proteins characteristic of chromatin; in 1-0 M NaCl they contain variable amounts of histones. The effects of various treatments on nucleoid integrity were investigated. (+info)

Purification of gibberellic acid-induced lysosomes from wheat aleurone cells. (5/4689)

Using isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, lysosomes were concentrated in a single region of a sucrose-Ficoll gradient (p = 1-10 g cm-3), well separated from most other cell organelles. Gibberellic acid-induced lysosomes were found to be rich in alpha-amylase and protease but not ribonuclease. The lysosomal band also contained a majority of the NADH2-cytochrome c reductase, a marker enzyme for endoplasmic reticulum, found in the gradient. Examination of electron micrographs revealed that a purified band of lyosomes contained at least 3 vesicle types, ranging in size from 0-1 to 0-5 mum. The significance of these findings to proposed mechanisms of action of gibberellic acid is discussed. (+info)

Conserved mechanism of PLAG1 activation in salivary gland tumors with and without chromosome 8q12 abnormalities: identification of SII as a new fusion partner gene. (6/4689)

We have previously shown (K. Kas et al, Nat. Genet., 15: 170-174, 1997) that the developmentally regulated zinc finger gene pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is the target gene in 8q12 in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands with t(3;8)(p21;q12) translocations. The t(3;8) results in promoter swapping between PLAG1 and the constitutively expressed gene for beta-catenin (CTNNB1), leading to activation of PLAG1 expression and reduced expression of CTNNB1. Here we have studied the expression of PLAG1 by Northern blot analysis in 47 primary benign and malignant human tumors with or without cytogenetic abnormalities of 8q12. Overexpression of PLAG1 was found in 23 tumors (49%). Thirteen of 17 pleomorphic adenomas with a normal karyotype and 5 of 10 with 12q13-15 abnormalities overexpressed PLAG1, which demonstrates that PLAG1 activation is a frequent event in adenomas irrespective of karyotype. In contrast, PLAG1 was overexpressed in only 2 of 11 malignant salivary gland tumors analyzed, which suggests that, at least in salivary gland tumors, PLAG1 activation preferentially occurs in benign tumors. PLAG1 over-expression was also found in three of nine mesenchymal tumors, i.e., in two uterine leiomyomas and one leiomyosarcoma. RNase protection, rapid amplification of 5'-cDNA ends (5'-RACE), and reverse transcription-PCR analyses of five adenomas with a normal karyotype revealed fusion transcripts in three tumors. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these showed that they contained fusions between PLAG1 and CTNNB1 (one case) or PLAG1 and a novel fusion partner gene, i.e., the gene encoding the transcription elongation factor SII (two cases). The fusions occurred in the 5' noncoding region of PLAG1, leading to exchange of regulatory control elements and, as a consequence, activation of PLAG1 gene expression. Because all of the cases had grossly normal karyotypes, the rearrangements must result from cryptic rearrangements. The results suggest that in addition to chromosomal translocations and cryptic rearrangements, PLAG1 may also be activated by mutations or indirect mechanisms. Our findings establish a conserved mechanism of PLAG1 activation in salivary gland tumors with and without 8q12 aberrations, which indicates that such activation is a frequent event in these tumors. (+info)

Simplified methods for pKa and acid pH-dependent stability estimation in proteins: removing dielectric and counterion boundaries. (7/4689)

Much computational research aimed at understanding ionizable group interactions in proteins has focused on numerical solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation, incorporating protein exclusion zones for solvent and counterions in a continuum model. Poor agreement with measured pKas and pH-dependent stabilities for a (protein, solvent) relative dielectric boundary of (4,80) has lead to the adoption of an intermediate (20,80) boundary. It is now shown that a simple Debye-Huckel (DH) calculation, removing both the low dielectric and counterion exclusion regions associated with protein, is equally effective in general pKa calculations. However, a broad-based discrepancy to measured pH-dependent stabilities is maintained in the absence of ionizable group interactions in the unfolded state. A simple model is introduced for these interactions, with a significantly improved match to experiment that suggests a potential utility in predicting and analyzing the acid pH-dependence of protein stability. The methods are applied to the relative pH-dependent stabilities of the pore-forming domains of colicins A and N. The results relate generally to the well-known preponderance of surface ionizable groups with solvent-mediated interactions. Although numerical PB solutions do not currently have a significant advantage for overall pKa estimations, development based on consideration of microscopic solvation energetics in tandem with the continuum model could combine the large deltapKas of a subset of ionizable groups with the overall robustness of the DH model. (+info)

Variants of ribonuclease inhibitor that resist oxidation. (8/4689)

Human ribonuclease inhibitor (hRI) is a cytosolic protein that protects cells from the adventitious invasion of pancreatic-type ribonucleases. hRI has 32 cysteine residues. The oxidation of these cysteine residues to form disulfide bonds is a rapid, cooperative process that inactivates hRI. The most proximal cysteine residues in native hRI are two pairs that are adjacent in sequence: Cys94 and Cys95, and Cys328 and Cys329. A cystine formed from such adjacent cysteine residues would likely contain a perturbing cis peptide bond within its eight-membered ring, which would disrupt the structure of hRI and could facilitate further oxidation. We find that replacing Cys328 and Cys329 with alanine residues has little effect on the affinity of hRI for bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A), but increases its resistance to oxidation by 10- to 15-fold. Similar effects are observed for the single variants, C328A hRI and C329A hRI, suggesting that oxidation resistance arises from the inability to form a Cys328-Cys329 disulfide bond. Replacing Cys94 and Cys95 with alanine residues increases oxidation resistance to a lesser extent, and decreases the affinity of hRI for RNase A. The C328A, C329A, and C328A/C329A variants are likely to be more useful than wild-type hRI for inhibiting pancreatic-type ribonucleases in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that replacing adjacent cysteine residues can confer oxidation resistance in a protein. (+info)

EC 3.1.27.5: RNase A is an RNase that is commonly used in research. RNase A (e.g., bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A: PDB: 2AAS ... EC 3.1.27.8: RNase V is specific for polyadenine and polyuridine RNA. EC 3.1.26.12: RNase E is a ribonuclease of plant origin, ... EC number 3.1.??: RNase R is a close homolog of RNase II, but it can, unlike RNase II, degrade RNA with secondary structures ... RNase H leaves a 5'-phosphorylated product. EC 3.1.26.3: RNase III is a type of ribonuclease that cleaves rRNA (16s rRNA and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease

... (RNase T, exonuclease T, exo T) is a ribonuclease enzyme involved in the maturation of transfer RNA and ... Structurally, RNAse T exists as an anti-parallel dimer and requires a divalent cation to function. RNAse T is able to achieve ... Specifically, RNAse T cleaves the 3' AMP residue from the 3' CCA sequences at the end of tRNA, which explains RNAse T's ... Despite the apparent usefulness of RNAse T, the enzyme is only found in gammaproteobacteria. In E. coli, RNAse T is encoded by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_T

... (RNase V1) is a ribonuclease enzyme found in the venom of the Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana). It cleaves double- ... Because RNase V1 has some activity against RNA that is base-paired but single-stranded, dual susceptibility to both RNase V1 ... Like many ribonucleases, the enzyme requires the presence of magnesium ions for activity. Purified RNase V1 is a commonly used ... RNase V1 is the only commonly used laboratory RNase that provides positive evidence for the presence of double-stranded helical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_V1

The homologous RNase, called seminal RNase, differs from RNase A by 23 amino acids and is expressed in seminal plasma in the ... Bovine seminal RNase (BS-RNase) is a member of the ribonuclease superfamily produced by the bovine seminal vesicles. This ... Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) is a homologue of RNase A with specific antitumor activity. The physiological role of ... The homolog of RNase A, bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase), has a specific antitumor activity. In the immunoregulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal_RNase

... (EC 3.1.27.7, ribonuclease F (E. coli)) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ... Ribonuclease+F at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.27). ... Watson N, Apirion D (November 1981). "Ribonuclease F, a putative processing endoribonuclease from Escherichia coli". ... "A cleavage site of ribonuclease F. A putative processing endoribonuclease from Escherichia coli". European Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_F

... has two cold shock domains, an RNase catalytic domain, an S1 domain and a basic domain. Overabundance of RNase R in a ... RNase R, or Ribonuclease R, is a 3'-->5' exoribonuclease, which belongs to the RNase II superfamily, a group of enzymes that ... When a part of another larger protein has a domain that is very similar to RNase R, this is called an RNase R domain. RNase R ... RNase R has been shown to be involved in selective mRNA degradation, particularly of non stop mRNAs in bacteria. RNase R has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase_R

... ribonuclease U3, RNase U3, RNase U2, purine-specific ribonuclease, purine-specific RNase, Pleospora RNase, Trichoderma koningi ... Biology portal Ribonuclease+U2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (EC 3.1.27). ... Uchida T, Egami F (1971). "Microbial ribonucleases with special reference to RNases T1, T 2, N 1, and U2". In Boyer PD (ed.). ... Glitz DG, Dekker CA (October 1964). "Studies on a ribonuclease from Ustilago sphaerogena. II. Specificity of the enzyme". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_U2

... or RNase L (for latent), known sometimes as ribonuclease 4 or 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-dependent ... In vitro, RNase L can be inhibited by Curcumin. RNase L is part of the body's innate immune defense, namely the antiviral state ... In a cell with RNAse L, MDA5 activity may be further enhanced. When active, RNAse L cleaves and identifies viral RNA and feeds ... 2-5 A molecules then bind to RNase L, promoting its activation by dimerization. In its activated form RNase L cleaves all RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_L

Despite distinct functions, RNase MRP has been shown to be evolutionarily related to RNase P. Like eukaryotic RNase P, RNase ... RNAse P is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes and it cleaves a pre-tRNA to generate the mature 5' end of the tRNA. RNase ... RNase MRP and its role in pre-rRNA processing has been previously studied in Yeast cells. RNase MRP has been shown to cleave an ... Page for RNase MRP at Rfam RNase+MRP at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (GO template errors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase_MRP

... (EC 3.1.26.2, 2'-O-methyl RNase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ... Ribonuclease+alpha at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.26). ... Norton J, Roth JS (May 1967). "A ribonuclease specific for 2'-O-methylated ribonucleic acid". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_alpha

... is a type of endoribonuclease which is sequence specific for single stranded RNAs. It cleaves 3'-end of unpaired A ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Ribonucleases, All stub articles, Hydrolase stubs) ... an RNase activity specific for U and A residues useful in RNA sequence analysis". Nucleic Acids Res. 8 (14): 3133-42. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase_PhyM

... nonbase-specific RNase, RNase (non-base specific), non-base specific ribonuclease, nonspecific RNase, RNase Ms, RNase M, RNase ... acid ribonuclease, RNAase CL, Escherichia coli ribonuclease I' ribonuclease PP2, ribonuclease N2, ribonuclease M, acid RNase, ... Ribonuclease T2 (EC 3.1.27.1, ribonuclease II, base-non-specific ribonuclease, ... RNase T2, ribonuclease PP3, ribonucleate 3'-oligonucleotide hydrolase, ribonuclease U4) is an enzyme. It is a type of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_T2

TRNase Z (EC 3.1.26.11, 3 tRNase, tRNA 3 endonuclease, RNase Z, 3' tRNase) is an enzyme that, among other things, catalyses the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_Z

RI's affinity for ribonucleases is important, since many ribonucleases have cytotoxic and cytostatic effects that correlate ... Lee FS, Shapiro R, Vallee BL (Jan 1989). "Tight-binding inhibition of angiogenin and ribonuclease A by placental ribonuclease ... Kobe B, Deisenhofer J (Dec 1996). "Mechanism of ribonuclease inhibition by ribonuclease inhibitor protein based on the crystal ... "Analysis of the interactions of human ribonuclease inhibitor with angiogenin and ribonuclease A by mutagenesis: importance of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_inhibitor

... ribonuclease PP1, ribonuclease SA, RNase F1, ribonuclease C2, binase, RNase Sa, guanyl-specific RNase, RNase G, RNase T1, ... Aspergillus oryzae ribonuclease, RNase N1, RNase N2, ribonuclease N3, ribonuclease U1, ribonuclease F1, ribonuclease Ch, ... Similar to other ribonucleases such as barnase and RNase A, ribonuclease T1 has been popular for folding studies. Structurally ... ribonuclease guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing), ribonuclease N3, ribonuclease N1) is a fungal endonuclease that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_T1

... (RNase III or RNase C)(BRENDA 3.1.26.3) is a type of ribonuclease that recognizes dsRNA and cleaves it at ... Class 1 RNase III Class 1 RNase III enzymes have a homodimeric structure whose function is to cleave dsRNA into multiple ... The variances of Class 1 RNase III, called Mini-III, are homodimeric enzymes and consist solely of the RNase III domains. Class ... Yeast nucleases with the Class 2 RNase III domain: RNT1 (UniProtKB Q02555) - S. cerevisiae - this RNase III is involved in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_III

... (EC 3.1.26.6, endoribonuclease IV, poly(A)-specific ribonuclease) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the ... Ribonuclease+IV at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.26). ... A poly(A)-specific ribonuclease from chick oviduct. 1. Purification of the enzyme". European Journal of Biochemistry. 70 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_IV

Ribonuclease+V at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.27). ... Ribonuclease V (EC 3.1.27.8, endoribonuclease V) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Hydrolysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_V

When a part of another larger protein has a domain that is very similar to RNase D, this is called an RNase D domain. Zuo Y, ... Crystal structure of E. coli RNase D at the RCSB Protein Data Bank Portal: Biology v t e (Ribonucleases, EC 3.1.13, All stub ... RNase D is one of the seven exoribonucleases identified in E. coli. It is a 3'-5' exoribonuclease which has been shown to be ... RNase D has homologues in many other organisms. ... "Crystal structure of Escherichia coli RNase D, an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase_D

... (EC 3.1.26.8, RNase M5, 5S ribosomal maturation nuclease, 5S ribosomal RNA maturation endonuclease) is an ... Ribonuclease+M5 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.26). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_M5

... (EC 3.1.26.5, RNase P) is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA. RNase P is unique from other RNases in that ... Page for Archaeal RNase P at Rfam Page for Bacterial RNase P class A at Rfam Page for Bacterial RNase P class B at Rfam RNase+P ... and shows how the protein component increases RNase P functionality. Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ubiquitous endoribonuclease ... Spinach chloroplast RNase P has also been shown to function without an RNA subunit. RNase P is now being studied as a potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_P

Enterobacter+ribonuclease at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology v t e (EC 3.1. ... Enterobacter ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.6) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Endonucleolytic ... Marotta CA, Levy CC, Weissman SM, Varricchio F (July 1973). "Preferred sites of digestion of a ribonuclease from Enterobacter ... Levy CC, Goldman P (June 1970). "Residue specificity of a ribonuclease which hydrolyzes polycytidylic acid". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobacter_ribonuclease

"Entrez Gene: RNASE4 ribonuclease, RNase A family, 4". Li S, Sheng J, Hu JK, Yu W, Kishikawa H, Hu MG, et al. (April 2013). " ... The overall structure of RNase 4 is similar to its homologous enzyme RNase A, EDN, and angiogenin. A shorter C terminus is a ... It contains 119 amino acid residues making it the shortest known human RNase and contains no N-glycosylation sites. RNase 4 ... The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. Secreted ribonucleases are the only enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_4

... may refer to one of two enzymes: Ribonuclease T2 Exoribonuclease II This set index page lists enzyme articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_II

Besides, RNase E can be self-regulated whereby the mRNA of ribonuclease E serves as a sensor for total cellular RNase E ... RNase E further shortens the 17S precursor of 16S rRNA. This action helps to facilitate 5' maturation of rRNA by RNase G and ... RNase H is located at the beginning of N-terminal and named after the RNase H endoribonuclease family since they share a ... RNase E can identify cleavage sites by a 3′ to 5′ scanning mechanism. The anchor of the RNase E to the 5′-monophosphorylated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_E

Ribonuclease+P4 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.26). ... Ribonuclease P4 (EC 3.1.26.7) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Endonucleolytic cleavage of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_P4

The prokaryotic RNase HIII, reported in 1999, was the last RNase H subtype to be identified. Characterizing eukaryotic RNase H2 ... Rather RNase H creates a "primer" from the PPT that is resistant to RNase H cleavage. By removing all bases but the PPT, the ... As a result, RNase H1 is localized to both mitochondria and the nucleus. In knockout mouse models, RNase H1-null mutants are ... RNase HI and HIII rarely or never appear in the same prokaryotic genome. When an organism's genome contains more than one RNase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_H

The active structure of the proteins is a homohexameric complex, consisting of three ribonuclease (RNase) PH dimers. RNase PH ... The part of another larger protein with a domain that is very similar to RNase PH is called an RNase PH domain (RPD). Two ... Crystal structure of Aquifex aeolicus RNase PH at the RCSB Protein Data Bank Portal: Biology v t e (Ribonucleases, EC 2.7.7, ... RNase PH is a tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, present in archaea and bacteria, that is involved in tRNA processing. Contrary to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase_PH

... (EC 3.1.26.10, poly(U)- and poly(C)-specific endoribonuclease) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the ... Ribonuclease+IX at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.26). ... "Purification and characterization of a ribonuclease specific for poly(U) and poly(C) from the larvae of Ceratitis capitata". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_IX

... phosphates This enzyme is similar RNase U4. Otaka Y, Uchida T, Sakai T (1963). "Purification and properties of ribonuclease ... Yeast+ribonuclease at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 3.1.14). ... Yeast ribonuclease (EC 3.1.14.1) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Exonucleolytic cleavage to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast_ribonuclease

RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a disorder that affects the brain. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this ... Ribonucleases help break down RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA. Studies suggest that ribonuclease T2 may also be involved in other ... RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a disorder that affects the brain. People with RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy ... This gene provides instructions for making a protein called ribonuclease T2 (RNAse T2), which is normally abundant in the brain ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rnase-t2-deficient-leukoencephalopathy

EC 3.1.27.5: RNase A is an RNase that is commonly used in research. RNase A (e.g., bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A: PDB: 2AAS ... EC 3.1.27.8: RNase V is specific for polyadenine and polyuridine RNA. EC 3.1.26.12: RNase E is a ribonuclease of plant origin, ... EC number 3.1.??: RNase R is a close homolog of RNase II, but it can, unlike RNase II, degrade RNA with secondary structures ... RNase H leaves a 5-phosphorylated product. EC 3.1.26.3: RNase III is a type of ribonuclease that cleaves rRNA (16s rRNA and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease

Conserved Protein Domain Family RNAse_H_YqgF, This protein family, which exhibits an RNAse H fold in crystal structure, has ... This protein family, which exhibits an RNAse H fold in crystal structure, has been proposed as a putative Holliday junction ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/TIGR00250

... today reported results from two studies on the development of ribonuclease-based immunotoxins at the American Association for ... The potency of RNase can be enhanced by linking it to tumor-targeting antibodies, as has been demonstrated by the Company for ... Immunomedics reports on ribonuclease-based immunotoxin development at AACR meeting. *Download PDF Copy ... Ribonucleases (RNases) are naturally-occurring enzymes that break down ribonucleic acids. When used as potential anti-tumor ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20100422/Immunomedics-reports-on-ribonuclease-based-immunotoxin-development-at-AACR-meeting.aspx

Crystal Structure of the Nicotiana glutinosa Ribonuclease NW ... Ribonuclease NW (RNase NW), the wound-inducible RNase in ... Ribonuclease NW (RNase NW), the wound-inducible RNase in Nicotiana glutinosa leaves, preferentially cleaves guanylic acid. We ... GMP was determined at 1.5 A resolution by molecular replacement with tomato RNase LE as a search model. The RNase NW ... Ribonuclease. A, B. 208. Nicotiana glutinosa. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: ngr1. EC: 3.1. ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1iyb

Efficient protease, RNase and DNase digestion. We offer a range of enzymatic solutions for use in your workflows with our ... Our enzyme solutions enable efficient protease, proteinase K, RNase and DNase digestion in your purification procedures. ...

https://www.qiagen.com/us/product-categories/discovery-and-translational-research/lab-essentials/enzymes/

... is a Molecular Grade water for dilution of 5x siRNA Buffer or resuspension of RNA RNase-free to prevent ... RNase-free Water. Molecular grade water for dilution of 5x siRNA Buffer or resuspension of RNA. RNase-free to prevent ... RNase-free water for dilution of 5x siRNA buffer or resuspension of RNA. It is essential to maintain RNase-free conditions at ...

https://horizondiscovery.com/ja/transfection-and-ancillary-reagents/products/rnase-free-water?catalognumber=B-003000-WB-100

RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a disorder that affects the brain. This disorder is caused by mutations in the ... What is RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy?. RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a disorder that affects the brain. ... How Do You Get RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy?. This disorder is caused by mutations in the RNASET2 gene. With this ...

https://www.huntershope.org/rnase-t2-deficient-leukoencephalopathy/

USP Cell Culture Grade Water , RNase-Free, DNase-Free Molecular Biology Grade Water , Corning. ...

https://www.corning.com/au/en/products/life-sciences/products/media-sera-reagents/high-quality-water.html

RNase Z-like. Timeline for Protein Ribonuclease Z (RNase Z) from d.157.1.7: RNase Z-like: *Protein Ribonuclease Z (RNase Z) ... Protein Ribonuclease Z (RNase Z) from d.157.1.7: RNase Z-like appears in SCOPe 2.03. *Protein Ribonuclease Z (RNase Z) from d. ... 157.1.7: RNase Z-like appears in SCOPe 2.05. *Protein Ribonuclease Z (RNase Z) from d.157.1.7: RNase Z-like appears in the ... Lineage for Protein: Ribonuclease Z (RNase Z). *Root: SCOPe 2.04 *. Class d: Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) [53931] (380 folds) ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=143917&ver=2.04

Some reverse transcriptases also possess RNase H activity. RNase T. Ribonuclease T (aka exonuclease T) is a 3-exonuclease with ... RNase A. RNase A is a single-strand specific endoribonuclease that is resistant to metal chelating agents like EDTA and can ... RNase H. Ribonuclease H is a sequence-independent endoribonuclease which hydrolyzes RNA hybridized to DNA at the phosphodiester ... Ribonucleases (RNases) are a group of enzymes that specifically degrade RNA. In the lab RNases are used to selectively degrade ...

https://openwetware.org/wiki/RNase

Artificial ribonucleases, Lanthanide complexes, Rna cleavage, Rna recognition, Supramolecular chemistry Abstract. The sequence- ... The preparation, properties and use of such artificial ribonucleases are highlighted. In particular, the design and preparation ...

https://www.chimia.ch/chimia/article/view/2000_569

RT.RNase H) has an RNA hydrolysis specificity which was influenced both by the sequence of the DNA primer-RNA template and by ... Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase.RNase H (RT.RNase H) has an RNA hydrolysis specificity which was influenced ... RT.RNase H also showed some sequence dependence for the site of hydrolysis. This sequence dependence has not been fully ... RT.RNase H selectively hydrolyzed the phosphodiester bond between the 15th and 16th ribonucleotide back from the ribonucleotide ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1702425/

Angiogenin, ANG, Ribonuclease 5, RNase 5, RNASE5, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5, ALS9, HEL168, MGC22466, MGC71966, RNASE4, ... Angiogenin (ANG) is a part of the RNase A family. ANG is an extremely effective mediator of new blood vessel formation. ANG ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/angiogenin_human

p>Learn about RNase Inhibitor (Ribonuclease Inhibitor) is ideal for RNA-sensitive applications such as RT-qPCR as even a small ... amount of RNase can be detrimental to the final experimental outcome by Meridian Bioscience ... Home » Life Science » Products » Molecular Reagents » RNase Inhibitor RNase Inhibitor. Ribonucleases (RNases) are ubiquitous ... RNase Inhibitor is ideal for RNA-sensitive applications such as RT-qPCR as even a small amount of RNase can be detrimental to ...

https://www.meridianbioscience.com/lifescience/products/molecular-reagents/rnase-inhibitor/

Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H p80 (Xenotropic MuLV-related virus VP35). Find diseases associated with this biological ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/3V1R_A

3.1.26.1: Physarum polycephalum ribonuclease. This is an abbreviated version!. For detailed information about Physarum ...

https://brenda-enzymes.org/all_enzymes.php?ecno=3.1.26.1&table=Natural_Substrates_Products

The kinetics of RNase H promoted cleavage of the RNA strand in the antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-RNA hybrid duplexes, with ... The RNA concentration-dependent kinetics of the RNase H promoted cleavage reaction gave values for Km and Vmax for RNA (6)-AON ... It has been shown that the extent of the cleavage of the target RNA by RNase H in the conjugated AON (2-5)-RNA (6) hybrid ... The kinetics of RNase H promoted cleavage of the RNA strand in the antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-RNA hybrid duplexes, with ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2002/P2/B108196A

Neil R. Voss. 2006 Geometric Studies of RNA and Ribosomes, and Ribosome Crystallization Table 3.4 pp. 97 link - link ...

https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=3&id=103040

We also show that infectivity is not reduced by co-internalized RNase A for poliovirus and equine rhinitis A virus. ... In this study we have investigated the RNase A sensitivity of genome translocation of poliovirus using a receptor-decorated- ... Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model ... "Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model ...

https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/32072122

... para a descontaminação UV de ribonuclease (RNase). Entre em contato conosco para saber mais. ... Descontaminação do Ribonuclease (RNase) RNA library prep, sequenciamento e PCR. Saiba mais sobre a descontaminação do ... A tecnologia UV LED oferece um novo método de descontaminação de ribonuclease (RNase) para laboratórios de sequenciamento de ... Níveis significativos de contaminação ambiental RNase podem ocorrer em minutos. Contaminantes como o RNase A são difíceis de ...

https://phoseon.com/pt/life-sciences/life-sciences-applications/decontamination/decontamination-of-ribonuclease-for-next-generation-sequencing/

Use genuine VistaLab Certified RNase & DNase Free Pipette Tips to maximize the exceptional performance and benefits of Ovation ... What does certified RNase/DNase free mean?. Tips are manufactured and packaged in a clean room facility; free from human or ... We have a variety of packaging configurations and options of sterile, certified RNase/DNase free, non-pyrogenic, filtered, low ... animal contact to prevent RNase and DNase contamination. Tips are then tested by an independent testing laboratory using the ...

https://vistalab.com/tips/

We combine the RNase reaction with MALDI-TOF MS to detect and analyze the cleavage products and thus determine the RNA cut ... Determination of ribonuclease sequence-specificity using Pentaprobes and mass spectrometry. McKenzie, Joanna Leigh; Duyvestyn, ... The toxin, VapC, is a metal-dependent ribonuclease that is inhibited by its cognate antitoxin, VapB. Although the VapBCs are ... This rapid and sensitive method can be applied to determine the sequence-specificity of VapC ribonucleases along with other RNA ...

https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/7207

Keywords: Misconceptions, Thermodynamic, Gibbs Free Energy, Ribonuclease A Abstract: An apparent discrepancy in the data for ... Misconceptions arising from a Sign Discrepancy in Thermodynamic Data for the Gibbs Free Energy Profile of Ribonuclease A. ... Title: Misconceptions arising from a Sign Discrepancy in Thermodynamic Data for the Gibbs Free Energy Profile of Ribonuclease A ... Misconceptions arising from a Sign Discrepancy in Thermodynamic Data for the Gibbs Free Energy Profile of Ribonuclease A, ...

https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/26389

Start Over You searched for: Subjects Fluorescence ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Fluorescence Subjects Ribonucleases ✖Remove ... 1. Fluorescent Method for the Detection of Excreted Ribonuclease Around Bacterial Colonies ... Fluorescent Method for the Detection of Excreted Ribonuclease Around Bacterial Colonies1 ... constraint Subjects: Ribonucleases Genre Articles ✖Remove constraint Genre: Articles Genre Archival Materials ✖Remove ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.rightsFacet%5D%5B%5D=Copyright+may+apply&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Fluorescence&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Ribonucleases&f%5Bdrep2.subjectGenre%5D%5B%5D=Articles&f%5Bdrep2.subjectGenre%5D%5B%5D=Archival+Materials&f%5BdrepX.yearStartInt%5D%5B%5D=1966&f%5Bexample_query_facet_field%5D%5B%5D=years_1950&per_page=20&sort=drep3.titleSortForm+asc

8. Use RNase-free enzymes. Enzymes isolated from bacteria (e.g. DNase) can be full of RNase. Make sure you use certified RNase- ... 9. Use an RNase inhibitor when its not possible to keep things completely RNase-free. Roches Protector is a good example. ... We rinse in RNase free water and snap freeze the tissue in Liquid Nitrogen for RNA extraction at a later date. The cryovials ... Good old DEPC is a fine way to keep your solutions RNase free. Use 0.5 mL DEPC/L, incubate for 2 hr, autoclave for 45 minutes ...

https://bitesizebio.com/163/10-ways-to-work-rnase-free/

RNase H-mediated cleavage of the template strand (Homo sapiens) * RTC with extensive RNase-H digestion [cytosol] (Homo sapiens) ... RNase H-mediated degradation of the template strand (Homo sapiens) * RTC with extensive RNase-H digestion [cytosol] (Homo ... viral RNA template degraded by RNase-H (initial) [cytosol] viral RNA template extensively digested except in PPT region [ ... viral RNA template being digested by RNase-H (extensive) [cytosol] Stable Identifier ...

https://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-HIV-173794

The RNase P associated with HeLa cell mitochondria contains an essential RNA component identical in sequence to that of the ... The RNase P associated with HeLa cell mitochondria contains an essential RNA component identical in sequence to that of the ... The mitochondrion-associated RNase P activity (mtRNase P) was extensively purified from HeLa cells and shown to reside in ... In the same experiments, the use of a probe specific for the RNA component of RNase MRP showed the presence in mitochondria of ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub794250

Caracterização molecular e celular da função da ribonuclease RRP44 de Trypanosoma brucei Cesaro, Giovanna (2022) ... Caracterização funcional e estrutural da ribonuclease RRP44 de Trypanosoma brucei Cesaro, Giovanna (2018) ... Browsing 40001016003P2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências (Bioquímica) by Subject "Ribonucleases". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G ...

https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/39616/browse?type=subject&value=Ribonucleases

ESR1 amplification in breast cancer by optimized RNase FISH: Frequent but low-level and heterogeneous. PloS one. 2013 Dec 18;8( ... ESR1 amplification in breast cancer by optimized RNase FISH : Frequent but low-level and heterogeneous. In: PloS one. 2013 ; ... Moelans, CB, Holst, F, Hellwinke, O, Simon, R & Van Diest, PJ 2013, ESR1 amplification in breast cancer by optimized RNase ... FISH showed a high prevalence of ESR1 gains and amplifications despite RNase treatment but MLPA did not confirm ESR1 copy ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/esr1-amplification-in-breast-cancer-by-optimized-rnase-fish-frequ-4

Our enzyme solutions enable efficient protease, proteinase K, RNase and DNase digestion in your purification procedures. (qiagen.com)
We have a variety of packaging configurations and options of sterile, certified RNase/DNase free, non-pyrogenic, filtered, low retention and trace metal certified. (vistalab.com)
What does certified RNase/DNase free mean? (vistalab.com)
free from human or animal contact to prevent RNase and DNase contamination. (vistalab.com)
Tips are then tested by an independent testing laboratory using the protocol described on the Certificate of Analysis and labeled certified RNase/DNase free if the acceptable industry standard is met. (vistalab.com)
DNase) can be full of RNase. (bitesizebio.com)
Affinity Purified RNase A is intended for critical applications when absence of DNase and other nonspecific nuclease activities is essential. (fishersci.se)
Heating solutions of RNase A to inactivate DNase may not be satisfactory since RNase activity may be lost if precipitate formation occurs. (geneon.net)
For applications that require DNase-free RNase A we recommend our product A3832, RNase A (DNase-free). (geneon.net)
Purification of circulating RNA, without copurification of DNA, is possible with DNA digestion using the RNase-Free DNase Set. (qiagen.com)
It is 0.1 μm membrane-filtered for DNase and RNase activity. (diagenode.com)

RNase Inhibitor is ideal for RNA-sensitive applications such as RT-qPCR as even a small amount of RNase can be detrimental to the final experimental outcome. (meridianbioscience.com)
RNase Inhibitor is a highly efficient inhibitor of a broad spectrum of eukaryotic RNases and shows no inhibition of polymerase or reverse transcriptase activity, so can be used in cDNA synthesis or one-step PCR or quantitative PCR reactions. (meridianbioscience.com)
RNase Inhibitor is a recombinant protein that inhibits different RNases (A, B, C) by binding non-covalently in a 1:1 ratio. (meridianbioscience.com)
With an association constant of 10 14 M, RNase Inhibitor is useful in any applications where the presence of RNases is a potential problem. (meridianbioscience.com)
9. Use an RNase inhibitor when it's not possible to keep things completely RNase-free. (bitesizebio.com)
Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 regulates erythropoiesis by controlling GATA1 translation. (omicsdi.org)
Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that binds to and inhibits pancreatic-type ribonucleases. (omicsdi.org)
10-14 M). RNAse inhibitor protein is purified from E.coli strain harbouring a plasmid with cloned gene coding of mammalian RNase inhibitor. (canvaxbiotech.com)
The enzyme is inhibited by diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), guanidinium salts (4 M GuaSCN), β-mercaptoethanol, heavy metals, vanadyl-ribonucleoside-complexes, RNase-inhibitor from human placenta and competitively by DNA, respectively. (geneon.net)
RiboGrip™ RNase Inhibitor is an in silico -designed protein-based ribonuclease inhibitor, which inactivates RNase A. (solisbiodyne.com)
Purified from an E.coli strain that carries an overproducing plasmid containing a RiboGrip™ RNase Inhibitor gene. (solisbiodyne.com)
RiboGrip RNase Inhibitor™ is used generally at a final reaction concentration of 1 U/μl. (solisbiodyne.com)

The cleavage site for RT.RNase H remained a fixed distance behind the 3'-primer terminus as the polymerase extended the primer. (nih.gov)
The rate of RT.RNase H cleavage was weakly inhibited by the next coded deoxynucleoside triphosphate following the incorporation of a dideoxynucleotide. (nih.gov)
The kinetics of RNase H promoted cleavage of the RNA strand in the antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-RNA hybrid duplexes, with the 3′-end of the AON strand tethered with cholic acid ( 2 ), its triacetate ( 3 ), cholesterol ( 4 ) or dipyridophenazine ( 5 ), have been investigated by changing the concentration of both the AON and the RNA strands, while keeping the enzyme and the buffer concentration constant. (rsc.org)
It has been shown that the extent of the cleavage of the target RNA by RNase H in the conjugated AON ( 2-5 )-RNA ( 6 ) hybrid duplexes, at saturation conditions for RNA in the presence of an excess of AON, is higher than in the native 9mer AON ( 1 )-RNA ( 6 ) duplex. (rsc.org)
The RNA concentration-dependent kinetics of the RNase H promoted cleavage reaction gave values for K m and V max for RNA ( 6 )-AON ( 1-5 ) duplexes. (rsc.org)
We combine the RNase reaction with MALDI-TOF MS to detect and analyze the cleavage products and thus determine the RNA cut sites. (waikato.ac.nz)
We have previously reported that the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P catalyzes this hyperprocessing in vitro and that this cleavage is dependent on the occurrence of an altered conformation of the tRNA substrate. (elsevier.com)

Ribonucleases (RNases) are naturally-occurring enzymes that break down ribonucleic acids. (news-medical.net)
Ribonucleases (RNases) are a group of enzymes that specifically degrade RNA. (openwetware.org)
RNase A-type enzymes rely on active site histidine residues for catalytic activity and can be inactivated by the histidine-specific alkylating agent diethyl pyrocarbonate ( DEPC ). (openwetware.org)
8. Use RNase-free enzymes . (bitesizebio.com)
Make sure you use certified RNase-free enzymes on your RNA samples where possible. (bitesizebio.com)
Ribonuclease H (RNase H) enzymes are divided into two major families, Type 1 and Type 2, based on amino acid sequence similarities and biochemical properties. (unl.edu)

The V max values for all 3′-tethered AON-RNA duplexes were ∼30% less efficient, and their K m were also 4-14 times less, than the native counterpart, which means that the 3′-tethered substituent decreases the catalytic activity of RNase H owing to the increased affinity toward the enzyme. (rsc.org)
The mitochondrion-associated RNase P activity (mtRNase P) was extensively purified from HeLa cells and shown to reside in particles with a sedimentation constant ( approximately 17S) very similar to that of the nuclear enzyme (nuRNase P). Furthermore, mtRNase P, like nuRNase P, was found to process a mitochondrial tRNA(Ser(UCN)) precursor [ptRNA(Ser(UCN))] at the correct site. (duke.edu)
Plasmid DNA was prepared from 1.5 mL of an overnight culture, suspended in 50 µL TE buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 1 mM EDTA), and treated with RNase A, RNase I, or no enzyme. (biosearchtech.com)

RiboGrip™ inhibits the activity of ribonuclease A by noncovalently binding in a non-competitive mode at a ratio of 1:1. (solisbiodyne.com)
RNase H inhibitors have been explored as an anti-HIV drug target because RNase H inactivation inhibits reverse transcription. (unl.edu)

Ambion RNase A is endonuclease that specifically cleaves 3' of U and C residues. (fishersci.se)
free of DNA exo- and endonuclease, and RNase contamination. (canvaxbiotech.com)
Ribonuclease E is an essential hydrolytic endonuclease in Escherichia coli, and it plays a central role in maintaining the balance and composition of the messenger RNA population. (ox.ac.uk)
RNase H is an endonuclease that cleaves the RNA strand of an RNA/DNA hybrid in a sequence non-specific manner in the presence of divalent cations. (unl.edu)

RNase A is a single-strand specific endoribonuclease that is resistant to metal chelating agents like EDTA and can survive prolonged boiling or autoclaving . (openwetware.org)
Ribonuclease H is a sequence-independent endoribonuclease which hydrolyzes RNA hybridized to DNA at the phosphodiester bonds. (openwetware.org)
RNase A (Ribonuclease A) is a bovine pancreatic endoribonuclease that cleaves single-stranded RNA. (canvaxbiotech.com)
RNase H (Ribonuclease H), E. coli is an endoribonuclease that specifically hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bonds of RNA strands in RNA-DNA hybrids. (genomics-online.com)
Zn-link": a metal-sharing interface that organizes the quaternary structure and catalytic site of the endoribonuclease, RNase E. (ox.ac.uk)

The candidate cysteines are part of a motif that is conserved in the RNase E protein family, and mutation of these residues causes the partial loss of zinc, the complete disruption of the tetramer into dimers, and effective catalytic inactivation. (ox.ac.uk)
The catalytic residues for RNase H enzymatic activity, three aspartatic acids and one glutamatic acid residue (DEDD) are unvaried across all RNase H domains. (unl.edu)

RNase-free to prevent degradation of RNA reagents and oligonucleotides. (horizondiscovery.com)

Homo sapiens poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (origene.com)
Genomic analysis in Escherichia coli demonstrates differential roles for polynucleotide phosphorylase and RNase II in mRNA abundance and decay. (openaccesspub.org)

The RNase NW structurally belongs to the (alpha + beta) class of proteins, having eight helices (five alpha-helices and three 3(10) helices) and six beta-strands, and its structure is highly similar to those of other plant RNases, including a uridylic acid preferential RNase MC1 from bitter gourd seeds. (rcsb.org)
It is essential to maintain RNase-free conditions at all times when working with RNA as they are very susceptible to degradation from environmental RNases. (horizondiscovery.com)
Ribonucleases (RNases) are ubiquitous and can be introduced into experiments in many ways: for example co-purification during RNA isolation, carryover from bare hands and pipette tips. (meridianbioscience.com)
Identification of the genes encoding Mn2+-dependent RNase HII and Mg2+-dependent RNase HIII from Bacillus subtilis: classification of RNases H into three families. (semanticscholar.org)
The results suggest that B. subtilis RNases HII and HIII may be functionally similar to E. coli RNases HI and HI, respectively, and it is proposed that Mn2-dependent RNase HII is universally present in various organisms and Mg2+-dependentRNase HIII, which may have evolved from RNaseHII, functions as a substitute for RNase HI. (semanticscholar.org)

RNase activity in a convenient and sensitive fluorimetric assay that delivers results in real time. (attogene.com)
The distribution of the mRNAs encoding the dopamine D1, D2 and D5 receptors was determined in brain tissues obtained from intact female rhesus monkeys, using a ribonuclease protection assay. (elsevier.com)
One unit of RNase I degrades 100 ng of E. coli ribosomal RNA per second into acid-soluble nucleotides at 37 °C under standard assay conditions. (biosearchtech.com)
Validation of expression differences is accomplished with an alternate method such as Northern blot hybridization or RNase protection assay. (irjs.info)

Ribonuclease P processes polycistronic tRNA transcripts in Escherichia coli independent of ribonuclease E. (openaccesspub.org)

We have shown earlier that the highly conserved catalytic domain of E. coli RNase E is a homotetramer [Callaghan, A. J. et al. (ox.ac.uk)

This RNase contamination can often go unnoticed. (meridianbioscience.com)
Great for Quality Testing for RNase contamination of materials and supplies. (attogene.com)

Dive into the research topics of 'Purification and characterization of Rpp25, an RNA-binding protein subunit of human ribonuclease P'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Drosophila tRNAs hyperprocessed in vitro by ribonuclease P.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevier.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Inhibition of alkaline ribonuclease activity by nogalamycin. (who.int)
and decreases in liver catalase, alkaline RNase, and serum alkaline RNase. (cdc.gov)

RNase-free water for dilution of 5x siRNA buffer or resuspension of RNA. (horizondiscovery.com)
Before use, centrifuge to pellet the RNA, air dry then resuspend in an RNase-free buffer. (bitesizebio.com)
One unit is defined as the amount of RNase H, E. coli that is required to hydrolyze 1 nmol of the RNA in radiolabeled poly(rA):poly(dT), to acid-soluble ribonucleotides in a total reaction volume of 50 μl in 20 minutes at 37°C in 1X RNase H, E. coli Reaction Buffer with 10 nmol radiolabeled poly(rA) and 12.5 μg poly(dT). (genomics-online.com)

At low salt-concentrations (up to 100 mM NaCl), RNase A cleaves single- and double-stranded RNA and RNA in RNA : DNA- hybrides. (geneon.net)

Polynucleotide phosphorylase, RNase II and RNase E play different roles in the in vivo modulation of polyadenylation in Escherichia coli. (openaccesspub.org)
Analysis of Escherichia coli RNase E and RNase III activity in vivo using tiling microarrays. (openaccesspub.org)

We report here the cloning and immuno-biochemical analysis of Rpp25, another protein subunit of RNase P. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against recombinant Rpp25 recognize their corresponding antigens in RNase P-containing fractions purified from HeLa cells, and they also precipitate active holoenzyme. (elsevier.com)
We propose that the RNase E tetramer has two nonequivalent subunit interfaces, one of which is mediated by a single, tetrathiol-zinc complex, which we refer to as a "Zn-link" motif. (ox.ac.uk)

RNase III nucleases from diverse kingdoms serve as antiviral effectors. (bvsalud.org)
We present evidence for cytoplasmic translocation of RNase III nucleases in response to virus in diverse eukaryotes including plants , arthropods , fish, and mammals . (bvsalud.org)

RNase HI in LTR retrotransposons perform degradation of the original RNA template, generation of a polypurine tract (the primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis), and final removal of RNA primers from newly synthesized minus and plus strands. (unl.edu)
These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. (utsouthwestern.edu)

Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase.RNase H (RT.RNase H) has an RNA hydrolysis specificity which was influenced both by the sequence of the DNA primer-RNA template and by binding of the polymerase active site to the primer 3' terminus. (nih.gov)
Here we describe a new general method for the overexpression and purification of toxic VapC proteins and subsequent determination of their RNase sequence-specificity. (waikato.ac.nz)
We have then developed a sensitive and robust method for determining VapC ribonuclease sequence-specificity. (waikato.ac.nz)
This rapid and sensitive method can be applied to determine the sequence-specificity of VapC ribonucleases along with other RNA interferases (such as MazF) from a range of organisms. (waikato.ac.nz)

RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is caused by variants (also called mutations) in the RNASET2 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called ribonuclease T2 (RNAse T2), which is normally abundant in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
The RNASET2 gene variants that cause RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy result in loss of ribonuclease T2 protein function. (medlineplus.gov)
We analyzed ESR1 gene copy number status combining an improved RNase FISH protocol with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) after laser microdissection. (elsevier.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a 3'-exoribonuclease, with similarity to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. (origene.com)
Point mutations in the retinoblastoma gene can be detected by the following techniques: ribonuclease protection, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, single-strand conformation polymorphism, or direct DNA sequencing amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. (medscape.com)
RNase HI has also been observed as adjunct domains to the reverse transcriptase gene in retroviruses, in long-term repeat (LTR)-bearing and non-LTR retrotransposons. (unl.edu)

RNase H is widely present in various organisms, including bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. (unl.edu)

Completely digest single-stranded RNA with this heat-labile, non-sequence specific RNase. (biosearchtech.com)
RNase H does not digest single-stranded or double-stranded DNA and RNA. (genomics-online.com)

The eluted complexes were then subject to RNase (Thermo Fisher) and Proteinase K (Sigma) treatment prior to DNA clean up (Qiagen Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit). (chip-atlas.org)

RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is a disorder that affects the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
In people with RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy, myelin is not made in sufficient amounts during development, leading to patchy white matter abnormalities (lesions) in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
The prevalence of RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
However, only about a quarter of these individuals have been confirmed to have the same genetic change that causes RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers have noted that the signs and symptoms of RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy are similar to those resulting from infection with a particular virus, called cytomegalovirus (CMV), when it is transmitted to a fetus during pregnancy (congenital CMV). (medlineplus.gov)
How Do You Get RNAse T2-deficient leukoencephalopathy? (huntershope.org)

Accordingly, 3′-tethered Dppz AON ( 5 )-RNA duplex has a maximum affinity for RNase H, ∼6-fold more compared to the native 9mer ( 1 ), and ∼2-fold more compared to 3′-tethered cholic acid ( 2 ), its triacetate ( 3 ) or cholesterol ( 4 ) containing AON-RNA duplexes. (rsc.org)

RNase A has been extensively used in sequence-to-structure predictions and folding experiments (PMID 17868092). (openwetware.org)

RNase I degrades single-stranded RNA to nucleoside 3´ monophosphates via 2´,3´ cyclic monophosphate intermediates by cleaving between all dinucleotide pairs, 2,3 unlike RNase A, which cleaves only after cytosine and uridine. (biosearchtech.com)

They are seeking to understand how the viral infection, or the body's response to it, and the loss of ribonuclease T2 function could have similar effects on the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Additionally, we show that all poliovirus genomes that are internalized into cells, not just those resulting in infection, are protected from RNase A. These results support a finely coordinated, directional model of viral RNA delivery that involves viral proteins and cellular membranes. (harvard.edu)
These data implicate RNase III recognition of viral RNA as an antiviral defence that is independent of, and possibly predates, other known eukaryotic antiviral systems. (bvsalud.org)

Here we demonstrate that Drosha and related RNase III ribonucleases from all three domains of life also elicit a unique RNA -targeting antiviral activity. (bvsalud.org)
Antiviral properties include induction of 2'-5' A synthetase, ribonuclease L, and protein kinase P1. (medscape.com)
OKG-0301 is an ophthalmic formulation of ranpirnase, a potent ribonuclease with established broad-spectrum antiviral properties. (okogen.com)

RNase protection assays to detect single-base pair mismatches in RNA:RNA and RNA:DNA hybrids. (biosearchtech.com)

The potency of RNase can be enhanced by linking it to tumor-targeting antibodies, as has been demonstrated by the Company for ranpirnase (Rap), an amphibian RNase, fused to milatuzumab, a humanized anti-CD74 antibody. (news-medical.net)

In this study we have investigated the RNase A sensitivity of genome translocation of poliovirus using a receptor-decorated-liposome model and the sensitivity of infection of poliovirus and equine-rhinitis A virus to co-internalized RNase A. We show that poliovirus genome translocation is insensitive to RNase A and results in little or no release into the medium in the liposome model. (harvard.edu)

Some reverse transcriptases also possess RNase H activity. (openwetware.org)

Reverse transcriptase.RNase H from the human immunodeficiency virus. (nih.gov)
Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human RNase Z2. (proteogenix.science)
RNaseP, human ribonuclease P. (cdc.gov)

Sequence analysis revealed one of these components to be bovine RNase A, originating from the culture medium and explaining the RNA hydrolyzing activities of Sso7 preparations previously described. (elsevier.com)

Good old DEPC is a fine way to keep your solutions RNase free. (bitesizebio.com)
Note that ultrafiltered water is already RNase free so does not need DEPC treatment. (bitesizebio.com)

bench surfaces, pipettes, electrophoresis equipment and anything else you can think of with an RNase cleaning product, such as RNaseZap from Ambion (or 0.5% SDS followed by 3%H2O2). (bitesizebio.com)

RNase Z2 Polyclonal Antibody detects endogenous levels of RNase Z2 protein. (proteogenix.science)

These results suggest that the distance between the RNase H and polymerase active sites corresponds to the length of a 15-16-nucleotide DNA-RNA heteroduplex. (nih.gov)

RNase A is used for the purification of RNA-free DNA, for the removal of non-hybridized regions of RNA : DNA-hybrides or as a molecular weight marker. (geneon.net)

The crystal structure of ryRNase NW bound to 5'-GMP was determined at 1.5 A resolution by molecular replacement with tomato RNase LE as a search model. (rcsb.org)

FISH showed a high prevalence of ESR1 gains and amplifications despite RNase treatment but MLPA did not confirm ESR1 copy number increases detected by FISH in more than half of cases. (elsevier.com)

RT.RNase H selectively hydrolyzed the phosphodiester bond between the 15th and 16th ribonucleotide back from the ribonucleotide that is complementary to the primer 3'-terminal deoxynucleotide. (nih.gov)

Dilute with RNase-free water prior to use. (horizondiscovery.com)
3. Designate a workspace, and a set of pipettes, if possible, that are dedicated to RNase-free work. (bitesizebio.com)
We rinse in RNase free water and snap freeze the tissue in Liquid Nitrogen for RNA extraction at a later date. (bitesizebio.com)
The cryovials are labeled RNase free and are autoclaved prior to use. (bitesizebio.com)
RNase I is free of detectable exo- and endodeoxyribonuclease activities. (biosearchtech.com)

When used as potential anti-tumor agents, RNase causes cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis within living cells. (news-medical.net)

This protein family, which exhibits an RNAse H fold in crystal structure, has been proposed as a putative Holliday junction resolvase, an alternate to RuvC. (nih.gov)

Nucleic Acid Purification Products | NEB (neb.com)

RNASET2 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)

R-loops at microRNA encoding loci promote co-transcriptional processing of pri-miRNAs in plants | Nature Plants (nature.com)

MedlinePlus: Genetic Conditions: R (medlineplus.gov)

Profile of circulating microRNAs in myalgic encephalomyelitis and their relation to symptom severity, and disease... (nature.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms10

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (1/4689)

Structural basis for the specificity of the initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription. (2/4689)

Possible involvement of proteasomes (prosomes) in AUUUA-mediated mRNA decay. (3/4689)

Characterization of nuclear structures containing superhelical DNA. (4/4689)

Purification of gibberellic acid-induced lysosomes from wheat aleurone cells. (5/4689)

Conserved mechanism of PLAG1 activation in salivary gland tumors with and without chromosome 8q12 abnormalities: identification of SII as a new fusion partner gene. (6/4689)

Simplified methods for pKa and acid pH-dependent stability estimation in proteins: removing dielectric and counterion boundaries. (7/4689)

Variants of ribonuclease inhibitor that resist oxidation. (8/4689)

Ribonucleases

Ribonuclease, Pancreatic

Ribonuclease T1

Ribonuclease H

Ribonuclease P

Endoribonucleases

Placental Hormones

Ribonuclease III

Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin

Oligoribonucleotides

Molecular Sequence Data

Pancreas

Cytidine Monophosphate

Exoribonucleases

Cattle

Base Sequence

Ribonuclease H, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Escherichia coli

RNA

RNA, Catalytic

Amino Acid Sequence

Kinetics

Guanosine Monophosphate

RNA, Bacterial

Substrate Specificity

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Artiodactyla

Models, Molecular

Protein Conformation

Protein Denaturation

RNA, Transfer

Enzyme Stability

RNA, Ribosomal

Binding Sites

Polynucleotides

Polyribonucleotides

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Endonucleases

Poly C

RNA, Messenger

Histidine

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Deoxyribonucleases

RNA Cleavage

Polyribonucleotide Nucleotidyltransferase

Circular Dichroism

Catalysis

Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Temperature

Protein Folding

Uracil Nucleotides

Iodoacetates

Chemistry

Aspergillus oryzae

Chemical Phenomena

Hydrolysis

Amino Acids

Eosinophil Granule Proteins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Molecular Weight

Cytosine Nucleotides

RNA Precursors

Sloths

Protein Binding

Xenarthra

Magnesium

Oligonucleotides

Ribosomes

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Thermodynamics

Escherichia coli Proteins

Structure-Activity Relationship

Uridine

RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional

Hot Temperature

Cations, Divalent

Dinucleoside Phosphates

Thermolysin

Eosinophil Cationic Protein