Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
Retroperitoneal Space
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Liposarcoma
Testicular Neoplasms
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Lymph Node Excision
Ganglioneuroma
Sarcoma
Laparoscopy
Neurilemmoma
Cystadenoma, Mucinous
Ureteral Obstruction
Abdominal Neoplasms
Neoplasms
Leiomyosarcoma
Germinoma
Hematoma
Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous
Teratoma
Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous
Treatment Outcome
Abdominal Abscess
Organ Sparing Treatments
Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
Vena Cava, Inferior
Seminoma
Duodenal Obstruction
Retrospective Studies
Vascular Neoplasms
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Iliac Artery
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Hernia
Hydronephrosis
Neoplasm Staging
Lymphocele
Radiography, Abdominal
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Lipoma
Fatal Outcome
Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal
Follow-Up Studies
Ureter
Urologic Surgical Procedures
Neoplasms, Second Primary
Immunohistochemistry
Paraganglioma
Retroperitoneal germ cell tumor treated by PVeBV chemotherapy: a case report. (1/463)
The extragonadal germ cell tumor are uncommon neoplasms which account for only 1-5% of germ cell tumors, and its prognosis is poor. We report here the use of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, and vinblastine (PVeBV) for the treatment of retroperitoneal germ cell tumor. A 28-year-old male with complaints of abdominal pain and lumbago, without any abnormality in both testes by physical and ultrasonographic examination, showed retroperitoneal tumor by abdominal computed tomography. The serum alpha-fetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated. The retroperitoneal tumor was treated surgically. The pathological diagnosis was mixed germ cell tumor. The lung and supraclavicular lymph node metastases disappeared completely after 3 courses of PVeBV chemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m2 per day) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 per day) for 5 consecutive days, with vinblastine (0.2 mg/kg) on day 1, and bleomycin (30 mg/body) given on days 1, 8, and 15. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and serotonin receptor antagonist application were available on acute phase toxic effects. The patient is now alive and well, without recurrence, more than 26 months after the operation. (+info)In situ replacement of the aorta in a contaminated field with the infrarenal inferior vena cava. (2/463)
A case of aortic replacement using the inferior vena cava for combined injuries to the duodenum and aorta was studied. This case highlights the use of a specific treatment option from a number of available options in emergency situations. (+info)Management consideration in nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma of testis. (3/463)
To develop a more appropriate therapeutic strategy for treatment of nonpulmonary visceral metastatic testicular seminoma based on the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification, we reviewed the medical records of patients with nonpulmonary visceral metastatic testicular seminoma who were treated over a 20-year period. Only 15 (2.2%) of the 686 cases of testicular seminoma were nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma. The median age of patients was 38 years (range, 22-53 years). Ten (67%) of the patients had an initial diagnosis of supradiaphragmatic or visceral metastatic disease. In addition to nonpulmonary visceral metastasis, all patients had lymph node metastasis as well, the majority of which involved the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The median and mean progression-free survival durations after chemotherapy for advanced disease were 19 months and 63.7 months, respectively. Six patients (40%) survived, five relapsed after radiation therapy and four died of chemorefractory disease not dependent on the specific regimen. Although the number of cases reviewed in this study was small, we conclude that the choice of chemotherapeutic regimen among the current treatments for nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma of testis primary does not present a different outcome. Therefore, multimodality therapies using new strategies or new agents are well indicated. (+info)Laparoscopic exploration in the management of retroperitoneal masses. (4/463)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The isolated finding of a retroperitoneal mass (RM) often represents a diagnostic challenge. Image-guided biopsy is frequently inadequate for diagnosis. With increasing experience, the use of laparoscopy for exploration of an indeterminate RM may provide a minimally invasive alternative to open exploration. Herein, we present a retrospective review of our initial four laparoscopic explorations, comparing our experience to four contemporary open explorations for an RM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 1995 to January 1998, four patients, aged 50 to 62 years old, with an RM of undetermined etiology underwent laparoscopic exploration. Another four patients underwent open exploration at the same hospital. The medical records of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The tumors were smaller in the laparoscopic group, averaging 3.7 cm (range 2-6 cm) vs 6.5 cm (range 1-10 cm) in the open group. A definitive diagnosis was obtained for all eight patients. Postoperative complications were observed in one of the laparoscopic explorations, and in three of the open explorations; there was no operative mortality. The blood loss (90 vs 440 ml), fall in hematocrit (5.1 vs 7.8%), time to resumption of a regular diet (3 vs 5 days), amount of morphine sulfate equivalents required for analgesia (128 mg vs 161 mg), time to ambulation (2.3 vs 6 days) and hospital stay (4.8 vs 6 days) were all less among the laparoscopy patients. However, the operative time was longer for the laparoscopic procedure; this time included stent placement and patient repositioning in addition to the time for laparoscopic excision of the mass (7.8 vs 4.3 hours). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic exploration appears to be a viable alternative to open exploration in patients presenting with a retroperitoneal mass. It is as effective as an open procedure and provides benefits with regard to patient morbidity and convalescence. However, operative time for this laparoscopic procedure is lengthy. (+info)Positron emission tomography scans in the evaluation of postchemotherapy residual masses in patients with seminoma. (5/463)
PURPOSE: To assess the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) scans in differentiating between necrosis and viable seminoma in postchemotherapy (PC) residual disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 29 patients with seminoma at Indiana University. All patients had PC residual disease. Computed tomography and PET scans were performed for 19 patients after primary chemotherapy (group A) and for 10 patients after salvage chemotherapy (group B). RESULTS: In group A, the PC masses were >/= 3 cm in 14 patients, less than 3 cm in three patients, and not quantified in two patients. All of the patients in group A had negative PET scan results and have had stable or decreasing residual mass size (median follow-up duration, 11.5 months; range, 6 to 26 months). In group B, the PC masses were >/= 3 cm in four patients, less than 3 cm in five patients, and not quantified in one patient. One patient had a positive PET scan result for a posterior mediastinal mass. Pathologic diagnosis of the PET-positive mass showed only necrotic tissue. The same patient had a negative PET scan of the retroperitoneal mass but relapsed in that area. Overall, of patients in group B, five have stable or decreasing mass (median follow-up duration, 8 months; range, 7 to 22 months), and five had relapsed disease. CONCLUSION: PET scans have no apparent benefit in PC evaluation of residual masses in bulky seminoma. (+info)Retroperitonial, teratoma as fetus in fetu--a case report. (6/463)
We report a rare case of Retroperitonial teratoma containing Axial Skeleton long bone. Jaw, pelvis & scapula in a 27 yrs old male. Aberration in monozygotic twinning may rarely present as Fetus in Fetu. Rarer is presentation in Adult. (+info)LMCE3 treatment strategy: results in 99 consecutively diagnosed stage 4 neuroblastomas in children older than 1 year at diagnosis. (7/463)
PURPOSE: To tailor postinduction therapy for stage 4 neuroblastoma in children who are older than 1 year at diagnosis according to status after induction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1987 to December 1992, 99 patients who were consecutively admitted were included in the Lyon-Marseille-Curie East of France (LMCE)3 strategy. After induction with the French Society of Pediatric Oncology NB87 regimen and surgery, patients who were in complete remission immediately proceeded to consolidation therapy with vincristine, melphalan, and fractionated total-body irradiation (VMT). All other patients underwent a postinduction strategy before VMT, either an additional megatherapy regimen or further chemotherapy with etoposide/carboplatin. RESULTS: The progression-free survival (PFS) is 29% at 7 years from diagnosis, which compares favorably with that of a similar cohort of 72 patients previously reported by our group (LMCE1; PFS of 20% at 5 years and 8% at 14 years, P =.004). In the multivariate analysis, only age younger than 3 years at diagnosis (P =.0085) and achievement of complete or very good partial remission after NB87 and surgery (P =.00024) remained significant. The PFS of the 87 patients who were included in the postinduction strategy was significantly better than that of the comparable 62 patients on the LMCE1 study (32% v 11% at 7 years; P =.005). CONCLUSION: The progressive improvements in the LMCE results over the last 10 years suggest that improvements in supportive care measures and increases in each component of this strategy (induction, postinduction, consolidation) may all contribute to increased survival rates. (+info)Cyclophosphamide and carboplatin and selective consolidation in advanced seminoma. (8/463)
This prospective Phase II study assesses the clinical efficacy and complications of a treatment regimen of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and carboplatin and selective consolidation in advanced seminoma. Of 46 patients who entered the study between December 1992 and October 1998, 46 were evaluable. Thirty-two achieved a complete remission (70%; 95% confidence interval, 56-83%) after chemotherapy alone. Fourteen achieved a complete remission (30%; 95% confidence interval, 18-46%) after chemotherapy plus consolidation. Forty-three of the 46 patients (93%; 95% confidence interval, 82-97%) remained in remission after a median follow-up period of 27.4 months. No patient experienced nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, or ototoxic effects or hemorrhagic cystitis. No patient had neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization. Thirteen % required platelet transfusions, and 9% required transfusions of packed RBCs. For patients with advanced seminoma, treatment with cyclophosphamide and carboplatin and selective consolidation is safe and effective. (+info)Retroperitoneal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the retroperitoneal space. This is the area located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. The retroperitoneal space contains several vital structures such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, aorta, and lymphatic vessels.
Retroperitoneal neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant retroperitoneal neoplasms are often aggressive and can invade surrounding tissues and organs, leading to various complications. Common types of retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas, sarcomas, and metastatic tumors from other primary sites. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor but can include abdominal or back pain, weight loss, and swelling in the legs. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI, followed by a biopsy to determine the type and grade of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
The retroperitoneal space refers to the area within the abdominal cavity that is located behind (retro) the peritoneum, which is the smooth serous membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs. This space is divided into several compartments and contains vital structures such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, aorta, and vena cava.
The retroperitoneal space can be further categorized into two regions:
1. The posterior pararenal space, which is lateral to the psoas muscle and contains fat tissue.
2. The perirenal space, which surrounds the kidneys and adrenal glands and is filled with fatty connective tissue.
Disorders or conditions affecting the retroperitoneal space may include infections, tumors, hematomas, or inflammation, which can lead to various symptoms depending on the specific structures involved. Imaging techniques such as CT scans or MRI are commonly used to diagnose and assess retroperitoneal pathologies.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare and progressive condition characterized by the abnormal growth of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the peritoneum (the lining that covers the abdominal cavity). This fibrous tissue can encase and compress vital structures such as the ureters, blood vessels, and nerves, leading to various symptoms.
RPF can be idiopathic (without a known cause) or secondary to other conditions like infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or medications. The exact pathogenesis of RPF is not fully understood, but it's believed that an abnormal immune response and inflammation play significant roles in its development.
Symptoms of RPF may include:
1. Flank pain or back pain
2. Renal insufficiency or kidney failure due to ureteral compression
3. Hydronephrosis (dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces)
4. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) due to vascular compression
5. Neurological symptoms due to nerve compression
6. Weight loss, fatigue, and fever (in some cases)
Diagnosis of RPF typically involves imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with laboratory tests and sometimes biopsy for confirmation. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but generally involve immunosuppressive medications, corticosteroids, and surgical intervention in severe cases.
Liposarcoma is a type of soft tissue sarcoma, which is a cancer that develops in the soft tissues of the body, such as fat, muscle, nerves, blood vessels, and fibrous tissues. Specifically, liposarcoma arises from fat cells (adipocytes) or their precursors.
There are several subtypes of liposarcoma, which differ in their appearance under the microscope, genetic features, and clinical behavior. These include well-differentiated, dedifferentiated, myxoid, round cell, and pleomorphic liposarcomas. The most common sites for liposarcoma are the thigh, retroperitoneum (the area behind the abdominal cavity), and the buttock.
Liposarcomas can grow slowly or rapidly, and they may spread to other parts of the body (metastasize) through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, often followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The prognosis for liposarcoma depends on several factors, including the type and grade of the tumor, its size and location, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
Testicular neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors in the testicle that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are a type of genitourinary cancer, which affects the reproductive and urinary systems. Testicular neoplasms can occur in men of any age but are most commonly found in young adults between the ages of 15 and 40.
Testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main categories: germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors, which arise from the cells that give rise to sperm, are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and have a good prognosis, while non-seminomas tend to grow more quickly and can spread to other parts of the body.
Non-germ cell tumors are less common than germ cell tumors and include Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, and lymphomas. These tumors can have a variety of clinical behaviors, ranging from benign to malignant.
Testicular neoplasms often present as a painless mass or swelling in the testicle. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum, a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin, and breast enlargement (gynecomastia).
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to detect tumor markers. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular self-examinations of the testicles are recommended for early detection and improved outcomes.
Neoplasms, germ cell and embryonal are types of tumors that originate from the abnormal growth of cells. Here's a brief medical definition for each:
1. Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths or masses, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled cell division and may invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.
2. Germ Cell Tumors: These are rare tumors that develop from the germ cells, which give rise to sperm and eggs in the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes). They can be benign or malignant and may occur in both children and adults. Germ cell tumors can also arise outside of the reproductive organs, a condition known as extragonadal germ cell tumors.
3. Embryonal Tumors: These are a type of malignant neoplasm that primarily affects infants and young children. They develop from embryonic cells, which are immature cells present during fetal development. Embryonal tumors can occur in various organs, including the brain (medulloblastomas), nervous system (primitive neuroectodermal tumors or PNETs), and other areas like the kidneys and liver.
It is essential to note that these conditions require professional medical evaluation and treatment by healthcare professionals with expertise in oncology and related fields.
X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.
The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.
CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.
In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.
CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.
In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.
Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.
Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.
Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.
There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.
Lymph node excision is a surgical procedure in which one or more lymph nodes are removed from the body for the purpose of examination. This procedure is often conducted to help diagnose or stage various types of cancer, as malignant cells may spread to the lymphatic system and eventually accumulate within nearby lymph nodes.
During a lymph node excision, an incision is made in the skin overlying the affected lymph node(s). The surgeon carefully dissects the tissue surrounding the lymph node(s) to isolate them from adjacent structures before removing them. In some cases, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may be performed instead, where only the sentinel lymph node (the first lymph node to which cancer cells are likely to spread) is removed and examined.
The excised lymph nodes are then sent to a laboratory for histopathological examination, which involves staining and microscopic evaluation of the tissue to determine whether it contains any malignant cells. The results of this examination can help guide further treatment decisions and provide valuable prognostic information.
A ganglioneuroma is a type of benign (noncancerous) tumor that arises from the nerve cells called ganglia in the autonomic nervous system. These tumors typically develop in the abdomen or chest and are most commonly found in children and adolescents, although they can occur at any age.
Ganglioneuromas are composed of mature nerve cells (ganglion cells) and supporting tissue called stroma. They tend to grow slowly and usually do not cause any symptoms unless they become very large or press on nearby organs. In some cases, ganglioneuromas may produce hormones that can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, flushing, or heart palpitations.
While ganglioneuromas are generally benign, there is a small risk that they may become malignant (cancerous) and develop into a type of tumor called a ganglioneuroblastoma or neuroblastoma. For this reason, it is important to monitor these tumors closely and remove them if they grow too large or cause symptoms.
Treatment for ganglioneuromas typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may also be recommended, particularly if there is a risk of malignant transformation.
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from certain types of connective tissue (such as muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or nerves) found throughout the body. It can occur in any part of the body, but it most commonly occurs in the arms, legs, chest, and abdomen.
Sarcomas are classified into two main groups: bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Bone sarcomas develop in the bones, while soft tissue sarcomas develop in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood vessels, and nerves.
Sarcomas can be further classified into many subtypes based on their specific characteristics, such as the type of tissue they originate from, their genetic makeup, and their appearance under a microscope. The different subtypes of sarcoma have varying symptoms, prognoses, and treatment options.
Overall, sarcomas are relatively rare cancers, accounting for less than 1% of all cancer diagnoses in the United States each year. However, they can be aggressive and may require intensive treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.
A neurilemmoma, also known as schwannoma or peripheral nerve sheath tumor, is a benign, slow-growing tumor that arises from the Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates peripheral nerves. These tumors can occur anywhere along the course of a peripheral nerve, but they most commonly affect the acoustic nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve), leading to a type of tumor called vestibular schwannoma or acoustic neuroma. Neurilemmomas are typically encapsulated and do not invade the surrounding tissue, although larger ones may cause pressure-related symptoms due to compression of nearby structures. Rarely, these tumors can undergo malignant transformation, leading to a condition called malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor or neurofibrosarcoma.
Mucinous cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor that arises from the epithelial cells lining the mucous membranes of the body. It is most commonly found in the ovary, but can also occur in other locations such as the pancreas or appendix.
Mucinous cystadenomas are characterized by the production of large amounts of mucin, a slippery, gel-like substance that accumulates inside the tumor and causes it to grow into a cystic mass. These tumors can vary in size, ranging from a few centimeters to over 20 centimeters in diameter.
While mucinous cystadenomas are generally benign, they have the potential to become cancerous (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) if left untreated. Symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma may include abdominal pain or swelling, bloating, and changes in bowel movements or urinary habits. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.
Ureteral obstruction is a medical condition characterized by the partial or complete blockage of the ureter, which is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. This blockage can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, blood clots, or scar tissue, leading to a backup of urine in the kidney (hydronephrosis). Ureteral obstruction can cause pain, infection, and potential kidney damage if not treated promptly.
Abdominal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the abdomen that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can occur in any of the organs within the abdominal cavity, including the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys.
Abdominal neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Some common symptoms include abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and fever. In some cases, abdominal neoplasms may not cause any symptoms until they have grown quite large or spread to other parts of the body.
The diagnosis of abdominal neoplasms typically involves a combination of physical exam, medical history, imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, and sometimes biopsy to confirm the type of tumor. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Kidney neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the kidney tissues that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various types of kidney cells, including the renal tubules, glomeruli, and the renal pelvis.
Malignant kidney neoplasms are also known as kidney cancers, with renal cell carcinoma being the most common type. Benign kidney neoplasms include renal adenomas, oncocytomas, and angiomyolipomas. While benign neoplasms are generally not life-threatening, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to compromise kidney function or if they undergo malignant transformation.
Early detection and appropriate management of kidney neoplasms are crucial for improving patient outcomes and overall prognosis. Regular medical check-ups, imaging studies, and urinalysis can help in the early identification of these growths, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.
Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.
Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.
Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.
A laparotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions such as abdominal trauma, tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases. The size of the incision can vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the extent of the condition being treated. Once the procedure is complete, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.
The term "laparotomy" comes from the Greek words "lapara," which means "flank" or "side," and "tome," which means "to cut." Together, they describe the surgical procedure that involves cutting into the abdomen to examine its contents.
Leiomyosarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from the smooth muscle cells, which are responsible for the involuntary contractions of various organs and blood vessels. It most commonly occurs in the uterus, soft tissues (such as muscles and fat), and the gastrointestinal tract.
Leiomyosarcomas can vary in their aggressiveness and may spread to other parts of the body (metastasize) through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The prognosis for leiomyosarcoma depends on several factors, including the location and size of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and the extent of metastasis. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy to help prevent recurrence or spread of the cancer.
A germinoma is a type of tumor that develops in the brain or the spine, primarily in the pituitary gland or pineal gland. It is a rare form of primary central nervous system (CNS) cancer and is classified as a type of germ cell tumor. These tumors arise from cells that normally develop into sperm or eggs, which can migrate to unusual locations during embryonic development.
Germinomas are highly sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, making them generally treatable and curable with appropriate medical intervention. Symptoms of a germinoma may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, hormonal imbalances, and neurological deficits, depending on the location and size of the tumor. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant cells.
A hematoma is defined as a localized accumulation of blood in a tissue, organ, or body space caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. This can result from various causes such as trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions that affect coagulation. The severity and size of a hematoma may vary depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Symptoms can include swelling, pain, bruising, and decreased mobility in the affected area. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the hematoma but may include observation, compression, ice, elevation, or in some cases, surgical intervention.
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from the mucin-producing cells in the lining of a cyst. It is a subtype of cystadenocarcinoma, which is a malignant tumor that develops within a cyst. Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas are typically found in the ovary or pancreas but can also occur in other organs such as the appendix and the respiratory tract.
These tumors are characterized by the production of large amounts of mucin, a gel-like substance that can accumulate within the cyst and cause it to grow. Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas tend to grow slowly but can become quite large and may eventually spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body if left untreated.
Symptoms of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma depend on the location and size of the tumor, but they may include abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, changes in bowel movements, or vaginal bleeding. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the patient's overall health.
A teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor, which is a broad category of tumors that originate from the reproductive cells. A teratoma contains developed tissues from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This means that a teratoma can contain various types of tissue such as hair, teeth, bone, and even more complex organs like eyes, thyroid, or neural tissue.
Teratomas are usually benign (non-cancerous), but they can sometimes be malignant (cancerous) and can spread to other parts of the body. They can occur anywhere in the body, but they're most commonly found in the ovaries and testicles. When found in these areas, they are typically removed surgically.
Teratomas can also occur in other locations such as the sacrum, coccyx (tailbone), mediastinum (the area between the lungs), and pineal gland (a small gland in the brain). These types of teratomas can be more complex to treat due to their location and potential to cause damage to nearby structures.
Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They occur when the normal control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
Cystic Neoplasms: Cystic neoplasms are tumors that contain fluid-filled sacs or cysts. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, ovary, and liver.
Mucinous Neoplasms: Mucinous neoplasms are a type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of mucin, a gel-like substance produced by certain types of cells. These tumors can occur in various organs, including the ovary, pancreas, and colon. Mucinous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and malignant forms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.
Serous Neoplasms: Serous neoplasms are another type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of serous fluid, which is a thin, watery fluid. These tumors commonly occur in the ovary and can be benign or malignant. Malignant serous neoplasms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.
In summary, neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths that can be benign or malignant. Cystic neoplasms contain fluid-filled sacs and can occur in various organs of the body. Mucinous neoplasms produce a gel-like substance called mucin and can also occur in various organs, while serous neoplasms produce thin, watery fluid and commonly occur in the ovary. Both mucinous and serous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms often being aggressive and having a poor prognosis.
Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.
An abdominal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the abdominal cavity, caused by an infection. It can occur as a result of complications from surgery, trauma, or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness at the site of the abscess. Abdominal abscesses can be serious and require medical treatment, which may include antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, or surgery.
Organ sparing treatments refer to medical interventions that are designed to preserve the structure and function of an organ, while still effectively treating the underlying disease or condition. These treatments can include surgical techniques, radiation therapy, or medications that aim to target specific cells or processes involved in the disease, while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
Organ sparing treatments may be used in a variety of medical contexts, such as cancer treatment, where the goal is to eliminate malignant cells while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. For example, radiation therapy may be delivered with precise techniques that limit exposure to surrounding organs, or medications may be used to target specific receptors on cancer cells, reducing the need for more extensive surgical interventions.
Similarly, in the context of kidney disease, organ sparing treatments may include medications that help control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria (protein in the urine), which can help slow the progression of kidney damage and potentially delay or prevent the need for dialysis or transplantation.
Overall, organ sparing treatments represent an important area of medical research and practice, as they offer the potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce treatment-related morbidity, and maintain quality of life.
Multiple primary neoplasms refer to the occurrence of more than one primary malignant tumor in an individual, where each tumor is unrelated to the other and originates from separate cells or organs. This differs from metastatic cancer, where a single malignancy spreads to multiple sites in the body. Multiple primary neoplasms can be synchronous (occurring at the same time) or metachronous (occurring at different times). The risk of developing multiple primary neoplasms increases with age and is associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol consumption.
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is the largest vein in the human body that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities, pelvis, and abdomen to the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the union of the left and right common iliac veins at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. The inferior vena cava is a retroperitoneal structure, meaning it lies behind the peritoneum, the lining that covers the abdominal cavity. It ascends through the posterior abdominal wall and passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity.
The inferior vena cava is composed of three parts:
1. The infrarenal portion, which lies below the renal veins
2. The renal portion, which receives blood from the renal veins
3. The suprahepatic portion, which lies above the liver and receives blood from the hepatic veins before draining into the right atrium of the heart.
The inferior vena cava plays a crucial role in maintaining venous return to the heart and contributing to cardiovascular function.
Seminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that develops in the testicle. It is a malignant tumor, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and tend to remain localized to the testicle for a longer period compared to other types of testicular cancer. They usually occur in men between the ages of 25 and 45 but can develop at any age.
Seminomas can be classified into two main subtypes: classical seminoma and spermatocytic seminoma. Classical seminoma is more common and typically responds well to treatment, while spermatocytic seminoma is rarer and tends to have a better prognosis with a lower risk of spreading.
Seminomas are usually treated with surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for seminoma is generally good, especially when caught and treated early. Regular self-examinations of the testicles can help detect any lumps or abnormalities that may indicate the presence of a seminoma or other type of testicular cancer.
Duodenal obstruction is a medical condition characterized by the blockage or impediment of the normal flow of contents through the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. This blockage can be partial or complete and can be caused by various factors such as:
1. Congenital abnormalities: Duodenal atresia or stenosis, where there is a congenital absence or narrowing of a portion of the duodenum.
2. Inflammatory conditions: Duodenitis, Crohn's disease, or tumors that cause swelling and inflammation in the duodenum.
3. Mechanical obstructions: Gallstones, tumors, strictures, or adhesions (scar tissue) from previous surgeries can physically block the duodenum.
4. Neuromuscular disorders: Conditions like progressive systemic sclerosis or amyloidosis that affect the neuromuscular function of the intestines can lead to duodenal obstruction.
Symptoms of duodenal obstruction may include nausea, vomiting (often with bilious or fecal matter), abdominal pain, distention, and decreased bowel movements. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or upper gastrointestinal series to visualize the blockage. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve surgery, endoscopic procedures, or medications to manage symptoms and address the obstruction.
Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of a kidney is removed. It may be performed due to various reasons such as severe kidney damage, kidney cancer, or living donor transplantation. The type of nephrectomy depends on the reason for the surgery - a simple nephrectomy involves removing only the affected portion of the kidney, while a radical nephrectomy includes removal of the whole kidney along with its surrounding tissues like the adrenal gland and lymph nodes.
Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.
Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.
Vascular neoplasms are a type of tumor that develops from cells that line the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign vascular neoplasms, such as hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, are usually harmless and may not require treatment unless they cause symptoms or complications. Malignant vascular neoplasms, on the other hand, are known as angiosarcomas and can be aggressive, spreading to other parts of the body and potentially causing serious health problems.
Angiosarcomas can develop in any part of the body but are most commonly found in the skin, particularly in areas exposed to radiation or chronic lymph edema. They can also occur in the breast, liver, spleen, and heart. Treatment for vascular neoplasms depends on the type, location, size, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Local neoplasm recurrence is the return or regrowth of a tumor in the same location where it was originally removed or treated. This means that cancer cells have survived the initial treatment and started to grow again in the same area. It's essential to monitor and detect any local recurrence as early as possible, as it can affect the prognosis and may require additional treatment.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation or bulging of the abdominal aorta, which is the largest artery in the body that supplies oxygenated blood to the trunk and lower extremities. Normally, the diameter of the abdominal aorta measures about 2 centimeters (cm) in adults. However, when the diameter of the aorta exceeds 3 cm, it is considered an aneurysm.
AAA can occur anywhere along the length of the abdominal aorta, but it most commonly occurs below the renal arteries and above the iliac bifurcation. The exact cause of AAA remains unclear, but several risk factors have been identified, including smoking, hypertension, advanced age, male gender, family history, and certain genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
The main concern with AAA is the risk of rupture, which can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding. The larger the aneurysm, the greater the risk of rupture. Symptoms of AAA may include abdominal or back pain, a pulsating mass in the abdomen, or symptoms related to compression of surrounding structures such as the kidneys, ureters, or nerves. However, many AAAs are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other reasons.
Diagnosis of AAA typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options depend on the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health status. Small AAAs that are not causing symptoms may be monitored with regular imaging studies to assess for growth. Larger AAAs or those that are growing rapidly may require surgical repair, either through open surgery or endovascular repair using a stent graft.
The iliac arteries are major branches of the abdominal aorta, the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The iliac arteries divide into two branches, the common iliac arteries, which further bifurcate into the internal and external iliac arteries.
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the lower abdomen, pelvis, and the reproductive organs, while the external iliac artery provides blood to the lower extremities, including the legs and feet. Together, the iliac arteries play a crucial role in circulating blood throughout the body, ensuring that all tissues and organs receive the oxygen and nutrients they need to function properly.
Adrenal gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the adrenal glands. These glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response. Adrenal gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign adrenal tumors are called adenomas and are usually small and asymptomatic. However, some adenomas may produce excessive amounts of hormones, leading to symptoms such as high blood pressure, weight gain, and mood changes.
Malignant adrenal tumors are called adrenocortical carcinomas and are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma may include abdominal pain, weight loss, and hormonal imbalances.
It is important to diagnose and treat adrenal gland neoplasms early to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Diagnostic tests may include imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as hormone level testing and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Soft tissue neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the soft tissues of the body. Soft tissues include muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and synovial membranes (the thin layer of cells that line joints and tendons). Neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and their behavior and potential for spread depend on the specific type of neoplasm.
Benign soft tissue neoplasms are typically slow-growing, well-circumscribed, and rarely spread to other parts of the body. They can often be removed surgically with a low risk of recurrence. Examples of benign soft tissue neoplasms include lipomas (fat tumors), schwannomas (nerve sheath tumors), and hemangiomas (blood vessel tumors).
Malignant soft tissue neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and may metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body. They are often more difficult to treat than benign neoplasms and require a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Examples of malignant soft tissue neoplasms include sarcomas, such as rhabdomyosarcoma (arising from skeletal muscle), leiomyosarcoma (arising from smooth muscle), and angiosarcoma (arising from blood vessels).
It is important to note that soft tissue neoplasms can occur in any part of the body, and their diagnosis and treatment require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional with expertise in this area.
A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, often appearing as a bulge beneath the skin. This condition can occur in various parts of the body such as the groin (inguinal hernia), navel (umbilical hernia), or site of a previous surgical incision (incisional hernia). Hernias may cause discomfort or pain, especially when straining, lifting heavy objects, or during bowel movements. In some cases, they may lead to serious complications like intestinal obstruction or strangulation, requiring immediate medical attention.
Pelvic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors located in the pelvic region. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can originate from various tissues within the pelvis, including the reproductive organs (such as ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva in women; and prostate, testicles, and penis in men), the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra), the gastrointestinal tract (colon, rectum, and anus), as well as the muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and other connective tissues.
Malignant pelvic neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant parts of the body (metastasize). The symptoms of pelvic neoplasms may vary depending on their location, size, and type but often include abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, and unintentional weight loss. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of malignant pelvic neoplasms.
Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.
Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.
It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.
The abdomen refers to the portion of the body that lies between the thorax (chest) and the pelvis. It is a musculo-fascial cavity containing the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs. The abdominal cavity is divided into several regions and quadrants for medical description and examination purposes. These include the upper and lower abdomen, as well as nine quadrants formed by the intersection of the midline and a horizontal line drawn at the level of the umbilicus (navel).
The major organs located within the abdominal cavity include:
1. Stomach - muscular organ responsible for initial digestion of food
2. Small intestine - long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption occurs
3. Large intestine - consists of the colon and rectum; absorbs water and stores waste products
4. Liver - largest internal organ, involved in protein synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism
5. Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin
6. Spleen - filters blood and removes old red blood cells
7. Kidneys - pair of organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
8. Adrenal glands - sit atop each kidney, produce hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress response
The abdomen is an essential part of the human body, playing a crucial role in digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and waste materials, as well as various metabolic processes.
Hydronephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the swelling of one or both kidneys due to the accumulation of urine. This occurs when the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder is obstructed, causing urine to back up into the kidney. The obstruction can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, or congenital abnormalities. If left untreated, hydronephrosis can lead to serious complications including kidney damage and infection. It is typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
Neoplasm staging is a systematic process used in medicine to describe the extent of spread of a cancer, including the size and location of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. The most widely accepted system for this purpose is the TNM classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).
In this system, T stands for tumor, and it describes the size and extent of the primary tumor. N stands for nodes, and it indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M stands for metastasis, and it shows whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.
Each letter is followed by a number that provides more details about the extent of the disease. For example, a T1N0M0 cancer means that the primary tumor is small and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.
Staging helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient and estimate the patient's prognosis. It is an essential tool for communication among members of the healthcare team and for comparing outcomes of treatments in clinical trials.
Chylous ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of milky, fat-containing fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, liver, and other organs. The fluid, called chyle, is normally found in the lymphatic system and is formed when dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestine.
Chylous ascites can occur as a result of damage to the lymphatic vessels that transport chyle from the intestines to the bloodstream. This damage can be caused by various conditions, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, inflammation, or congenital abnormalities. When the lymphatic vessels are damaged, chyle leaks into the peritoneal cavity and accumulates there, leading to ascites.
Symptoms of chylous ascites may include abdominal distension, pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The condition can be diagnosed through various tests, such as imaging studies or analysis of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, as well as managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include dietary modifications, medications to reduce lymphatic flow, or surgical interventions to repair damaged lymphatic vessels.
A lymphocele is a localized collection or sac filled with lymph fluid, which usually forms as a result of surgical dissection or injury to the lymphatic vessels. The accumulation of lymph fluid occurs due to the disruption of normal lymphatic drainage in the affected area.
Lymphoceles are most commonly found following surgeries involving the lymph nodes, such as pelvic, groin, or abdominal procedures. They can also occur after radiotherapy treatments that damage the lymphatic vessels. In some cases, lymphoceles may develop spontaneously due to underlying medical conditions affecting the lymphatic system.
While lymphoceles are generally not harmful on their own, they can cause complications such as infection, delayed wound healing, or impaired limb function if they become large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues and organs. Treatment options for lymphoceles include compression garments, percutaneous drainage, sclerosis (the injection of a substance that causes the sac to stick together), or surgical removal in severe cases.
Hemoperitoneum is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within it. This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, ectopic pregnancy, or other conditions that cause bleeding into the abdomen.
The accumulation of blood in the peritoneal cavity can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, and hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. Hemoperitoneum is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications.
Abdominal radiography, also known as a KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) X-ray, is a medical imaging technique used to examine the abdominal cavity. It involves using ionizing radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the abdomen, including the bones, organs, and soft tissues.
The procedure typically involves the patient lying down on a table while a specialized X-ray machine captures images of the abdomen from different angles. The images produced can help doctors diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions, such as kidney stones, intestinal obstructions, and abnormalities in the spine or other bones.
Abdominal radiography is a quick, painless, and non-invasive procedure that requires little preparation on the part of the patient. However, it does involve exposure to radiation, so it is typically only used when necessary and when other imaging techniques are not appropriate.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy, also known as the Whipple procedure, is a complex surgical operation that involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), the gallbladder, and the distal common bile duct. In some cases, a portion of the stomach may also be removed. The remaining parts of the pancreas, bile duct, and intestines are then reconnected to allow for the digestion of food and drainage of bile.
This procedure is typically performed as a treatment for various conditions affecting the pancreas, such as tumors (including pancreatic cancer), chronic pancreatitis, or traumatic injuries. It is a major surgical operation that requires significant expertise and experience to perform safely and effectively.
A lipoma is a common, benign (non-cancerous) soft tissue growth. It is composed of adipose or fatty tissue and typically found just beneath the skin, but they can also occur deeper within the body. Lipomas are usually round, moveable, and painless, although they may cause discomfort if they grow large enough to put pressure on nearby nerves or if they're located in a sensitive area. They generally grow slowly over time. Surgical removal is an option if the lipoma becomes bothersome or grows significantly in size. It's important to note that while lipomas are typically harmless, any new lumps or bumps should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other more serious conditions.
A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.
Paraganglioma, extra-adrenal, is a type of rare tumor that develops in the nervous system's paraganglia, which are groups of specialized cells that are responsible for regulating blood pressure and other bodily functions. Unlike adrenal paragangliomas, which form in the adrenal glands located on top of the kidneys, extra-adrenal paragangliomas develop outside of the adrenal glands, in various locations along the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. These tumors can be functional or nonfunctional, meaning they may or may not produce hormones such as catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Functional extra-adrenal paragangliomas can cause symptoms related to excessive hormone production, including hypertension, sweating, headaches, and rapid heartbeat. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with preoperative preparation to manage potential hormonal imbalances.
Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.
In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.
The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.
A ureter is a thin, muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. In humans, there are two ureters, one for each kidney, and they are typically about 10-12 inches long. The ureters are lined with a special type of cells called transitional epithelium that can stretch and expand as urine passes through them. They are located in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The ureters play a critical role in the urinary system by ensuring that urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination from the body.
Urologic surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries that are performed on the urinary system and male reproductive system. These surgeries can be invasive (requiring an incision) or minimally invasive (using small incisions or scopes). They may be performed to treat a range of conditions, including but not limited to:
1. Kidney stones: Procedures such as shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are used to remove or break up kidney stones.
2. Urinary tract obstructions: Surgeries like pyeloplasty and urethral dilation can be done to correct blockages in the urinary tract.
3. Prostate gland issues: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), simple prostatectomy, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy are some procedures used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer.
4. Bladder problems: Procedures such as cystectomy (removal of the bladder), bladder augmentation, and implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter can be done for conditions like bladder cancer or incontinence.
5. Kidney diseases: Nephrectomy (removal of a kidney) may be necessary for severe kidney damage or cancer.
6. Testicular issues: Orchiectomy (removal of one or both testicles) can be performed for testicular cancer.
7. Pelvic organ prolapse: Surgeries like sacrocolpopexy and vaginal vault suspension can help correct this condition in women.
These are just a few examples; there are many other urologic surgical procedures available to treat various conditions affecting the urinary and reproductive systems.
A "second primary neoplasm" is a distinct, new cancer or malignancy that develops in a person who has already had a previous cancer. It is not a recurrence or metastasis of the original tumor, but rather an independent cancer that arises in a different location or organ system. The development of second primary neoplasms can be influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and previous treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
It is important to note that the definition of "second primary neoplasm" may vary slightly depending on the specific source or context. In general medical usage, it refers to a new, separate cancer; however, in some research or clinical settings, there might be more precise criteria for defining and diagnosing second primary neoplasms.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.
Paraganglioma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the nervous system, specifically in the paraganglia. Paraganglia are clusters of specialized nerve cells throughout the body that release hormones in response to stress or physical activity. Most paragangliomas are benign (noncancerous), but some can be malignant (cancerous) and may spread to other parts of the body.
Paragangliomas can occur in various locations, including the head and neck region (called "head and neck paragangliomas") or near the spine, abdomen, or chest (called "extra-adrenal paragangliomas"). When they develop in the adrenal glands, which are located on top of each kidney, they are called pheochromocytomas.
Paragangliomas can produce and release hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, leading to symptoms like high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, sweating, anxiety, and headaches. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with medications to manage symptoms and control hormone levels before and after surgery.
Liver neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the liver that can be benign or malignant. Benign liver neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant liver neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue and spread to other organs.
Liver neoplasms can be primary, meaning they originate in the liver, or secondary, meaning they have metastasized (spread) to the liver from another part of the body. Primary liver neoplasms can be further classified into different types based on their cell of origin and behavior, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic hemangioma.
The diagnosis of liver neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and biopsy to confirm the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type and extent of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or liver transplantation.
Mucinous cystadenoma
Adrenal haemorrhage
Retroperitoneal space
List of MeSH codes (C04)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Hemiazygos vein
Adjuvant therapy
Aggressive fibromatosis
Hydronephrosis
Pelvic lipomatosis
Fever of unknown origin
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Adrenal tumor
Erdheim-Chester disease
Wunderlich syndrome
List of diseases (R)
Angiomyolipoma
Gardner fibroma
Surgical Outcomes Analysis and Research
Spermatocytic tumor
Carcinoid syndrome
Ovarian germ cell tumors
Seminoma
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
List of MeSH codes (C23)
Eosinophilia
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases
Index of oncology articles
Renal cell carcinoma
Retroperitoneal neoplasm: treatments, associated drugs and conditions (145 reports) - eHealthMe
Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm (PCN) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Immunological ignorance is an enabling feature of the oligo-clonal T cell response to melanoma neoantigens
126859007 - Neoplasm of pancreas - SNOMED CT
Gastric Schwannoma - A Rare Cause of Dyspepsia - SAGES Abstract Archives
Mucinous cystadenoma - Wikipedia
128071005 - Disorder of retroperitoneal region, excluding major organs - SNOMED CT
NCA - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (CAG-00399R) - Decision Memo
Portal Regional da BVS
Desmoid Tumor: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Ureteral Disorders | Ureters | Ureter Function | MedlinePlus
A rare case of Calot's triangle paraganglioma | springermedizin.at
Long-term Oncologic Outcomes After Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas.
Metastatic retroperitoneal epithelioid angiomyolipoma | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Dr. Suddhasattwa Sen - Retro Peritoneum Tumor :: Kolkata, Retroperitoneal tumor Surgery, Surgery, Surgeon, Low Cost, Best, Top,...
MeSH Browser
Cystic retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A case report - Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
homeopathic treatment for Retroperitoneal fibrosis in homeopathy, Retroperitoneal fibrosis treatment in Delhi, Kolkata, Ranchi ...
Management of a giant retroperitoneal leiomyoma: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
The first case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma in Korea: A case report - Korea University
"Robot assisted lymphadenectomy in urology: pelvic, retroperitoneal and" by Giovannalberto Pini, Surena F Matin et al.
Gastro-intestinal symptoms as clinical manifestation of peritoneal and retroperitoneal spread of an invasive lobular breast...
Beneficial impact of a clinical care pathway in patients with testicular cancer undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node...
Chronic Pancreatitis Imaging: Overview, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Surgical Oncology - Research output - Research Nebraska
Pesquisa | Prevenção e Controle de Câncer
PDF) Diagnostic Imaging - Genitourinary 3rd Edition by Mitchell E. Tublin | Booksdo.com
دانلود کتاب تصویربرداری در انکولوژی هازبند و رزنیک (2 جلدی) Husband and Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2-Vol, 3ed
BVS Brasil
Sarcoma9
- Complete surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment modality for retroperitoneal sarcomas and is best performed in high-volume centres by a multidisciplinary sarcoma team. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- The ability completely to resect a retroperitoneal sarcoma and tumour grade remain the most important predictors of local recurrence and disease-specific survival. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- In the UK there are estimated to be between 250 and 300 new diagnoses of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) each year. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- The current gold standard treatment for retroperitoneal sarcoma is en bloc multivisceral resectionresection. (bvsalud.org)
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and completeness of surgical resection is critical to achieve local control for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). (bvsalud.org)
- The aim of this review was to summarise the available evidence to assess the relative benefits and disadvantages of an aggressive surgical approach with vascular resection in patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). (bvsalud.org)
- Background Surgery is the potentially curative treatment for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RS), but complete resectability is frequently a challenge. (nycu.edu.tw)
- A study to test the effect of chemotherapy before surgery compared to surgery alone in patients with high risk retroperitoneal sarcoma. (who.int)
- Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), a member of the genus Rhadinovirus , is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma ( 1 ), an endothelial neoplasm of the dermis, oral cavity and intestinal organs. (cdc.gov)
Tumor9
- [ 5 ] Other, rarer cystic lesions, such as solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm and cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (cPNET), tend to harbor features that suggest a specific diagnosis, usually leading to surgical removal. (medscape.com)
- Even though mucinous cystadenoma are common ovarian tumor, what makes PRMC so rare is their retroperitoneal location. (wikipedia.org)
- Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
- Because retroperitoneal leiomyomas are paucisymptomatic and the tumor size at diagnosis is relatively large, surgical management is challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
- A retroperitoneal tumor with a mass effect on the left kidney, the aorta, and the bowel. (biomedcentral.com)
- En bloc resection of the tumor and surrounding tissues and organs as well as part of the right wall of the subrenal IVC. (bvsalud.org)
- The retroperitoneal germ cell tumor in KS is very rare. (elsevierpure.com)
- A five-month-old boy with an abdominal mass was found to have a retroperitoneal tumor. (elsevierpure.com)
- The RETRO score simplifies the risk evaluation of partial nephrectomy for patients with renal tumor, especially benefits those surgeries performed under robot-assisted laparoscope via retroperitoneal approach. (ac.ir)
Tumors14
- Gastric schwannoma represent only 0.2% of all gastric tumors and 4% of all benign gastric neoplasms. (sages.org)
- Desmoid tumors are cytologically bland fibrous neoplasms originating from the musculoaponeurotic structures throughout the body. (medscape.com)
- The diagnostic approach is challenging because retroperitoneal leiomyomas may be confused with renal tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
- Neoplasms originating from the blood or bone marrow (leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders) are not considered solid tumors. (mycancergenome.org)
- Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is often associated with various neoplasms, especially germ cell tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
- To propose a standardized scoring system of renal tumors suitable for partial nephrectomy based on mini-invasiveness and retroperitoneal approach. (ac.ir)
- Large tumors of serous cystic adenomas in the pancreatic body-to-tail severely compress the surrounding organs and retroperitoneal space. (springeropen.com)
- Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound examinations were performed and revealed two huge, heterogeneous retroperitoneal masses located on the rectouterine fossa adjacent to the inferior vena cava, which measured between 126x103 and 95x78 mm in size (Fig. 1A and B). The tumors exhibited multiple scattered areas of increased echogenicity with dense posterior shadowing that suggested foci of calcification. (docksci.com)
- To study the peculiarities of clinical course, diagnostics and possibilities of surgical treatment of non-organ retroperitoneal tumors and cysts. (dp.ua)
- In 43 (84,3%) patients, tumors of the retroperitoneal area were detected, and 8 (15,7%) were cysts. (dp.ua)
- The clinical course of tumors of the retroperitoneal space was accompanied by the advantage of pain syndrome and syndrome of small signs in malignant forms. (dp.ua)
- Radical removal of retroperitoneal tumors became possible in 52% of patients. (dp.ua)
- The complexity of diagnostics and surgical treatment of retroperitoneal tumors is associated with the absence of characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease, signifi cant anatomical changes in the area of intervention, the absence of standard approaches to the execution of operations. (dp.ua)
- Retroperitoneal tumors are one of the most common ones in infants, and sometimes, they can begin to develop during the formation of the baby before birth. (master-dissertation.com)
Metastatic3
- The retroperitoneum can host a wide spectrum of pathologies, including a variety of rare benign tumours and malignant neoplasms that can be either primary or metastatic lesions. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- Other retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas and epithelial tumours or might represent metastatic disease from known or unknown primary sites. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- We report the case of a 67 year-old-woman who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms which revealed to be the clinical manifestations of peritoneal and retroperitoneal metastatic spread of an invasive lobular breast cancer diagnosed 15 years before. (biomedcentral.com)
Fibrosis23
- Fibrosis of the retroperitoneal connective tissues may encircle and compress the ureter(s), causing obstruction. (rajeevclinic.com)
- Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis responds well to corticosteroids and may respond more slowly to tamoxifen, but ureteric stenting is often necessary to relieve obstruction. (rajeevclinic.com)
- If left untreated for long, retroperitoneal fibrosis may develop into complications that can be hard to manage. (rajeevclinic.com)
- To avoid getting retroperitoneal fibrosis, don't use medication containing methysergide for long. (rajeevclinic.com)
- If you suspect that what you're feeling may be retroperitoneal fibrosis, you should consult with a professional as fast as possible. (rajeevclinic.com)
- Peripancreatic fibrosis causes stenosis or occlusion of retroperitoneal lymph channels. (medscape.com)
- The symptoms and signs associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis are nonspecific. (medscape.com)
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis can also be associated with Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, and sclerosing cholangitis. (medscape.com)
- Fenaroli P, Maritati F, Vaglio A. Into Clinical Practice: Diagnosis and Therapy of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Raglianti V, Rossi GM, Vaglio A. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: an update for nephrologists. (medscape.com)
- Yachoui R, Sehgal R, Carmichael B. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: clinicopathologic features and outcome analysis. (medscape.com)
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis in children. (medscape.com)
- Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis--is serum alkaline phosphatase a marker of disease activity? (medscape.com)
- Kume H, Kitamura T. Spontaneous regression of bilateral hydronephrosis due to retroperitoneal fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Safioleas M, Safioleas P, Stamatakos M, Safioleas C. Retroperitoneal fibrosis obstructing the ureter: a new technique to prevent stenosis recurrence. (medscape.com)
- Postoperative regression of retroperitoneal fibrosis in patients with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: evaluation with spiral computed tomography. (medscape.com)
- Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis--an update. (medscape.com)
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis in 2 brothers. (medscape.com)
- Astudillo L, Alric L, Jamard B, Laroche M. [Retroperitoneal fibrosis in an HLA-B27-positive patient]. (medscape.com)
- IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis: a newly characterized disease. (medscape.com)
- Clinical characteristics of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis versus idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Asbestos exposure as a risk factor for retroperitoneal fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Immune complex glomerulonephritis in a case of retroperitoneal fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystadenoma1
- Cases of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma (PRMC) are extremely rare. (wikipedia.org)
Tumour2
- Retroperitoneal neoplasm: tumour between peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. (ehealthme.com)
- We report the case of a 53-years-old woman who performed a total body computerized tomography (CT) for the appearance of a sore abdominal swelling, that showed the presence of multiple peritoneal and retroperitoneal tumour masses with necrotic hypodense component and hyperdense peripheral solid portion. (fortuneonline.org)
Cystadenoma3
- The most frequently encountered neoplastic pancreatic cysts include intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), serous cystadenoma (SCA), mucinous cystic neoplasm with ovarian stroma (MCN), and solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm. (medscape.com)
- Pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma or mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas (MCN) are a type of mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
- We present here a case report of a 38-year-old Korean woman with primary retroperitoneal cystadenoma. (korea.ac.kr)
Patients presenting with retr1
- This review highlights the presentation, evaluation and initial management of patients presenting with retroperitoneal tumours and the surgical management of RPS. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
Rare benign neoplasm2
- Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign neoplasm that usually arises in the kidneys, but may rarely originate in sites such as the retroperitoneum, liver and bone. (bmj.com)
- Ganglioneuroma is a rare benign neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system. (auanet.org)
Malignant neoplasm1
- A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that do not include fluid areas. (mycancergenome.org)
Leiomyosarcoma3
- We report two cases of right-sided massive primary retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma in pauci symptomatic women. (bvsalud.org)
- Representative examples include epithelial neoplasms (e.g. lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma), and neoplasms arising from the soft tissues and bones (e.g. leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma). (mycancergenome.org)
- Inclusion criteria: Histologically proven primary high risk leiomyosarcoma (LMS) or Liposarcoma (LPS) of retroperitoneal space or infra-peritoneal spaces of pelvis. (who.int)
Surgical resection1
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term survival among patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT), followed by surgical resection of retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). (duke.edu)
Organs2
- Organs are retroperitoneal if they have peritoneum on their anterior side only. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- En-bloc resection of adjacent organs, including major abdominal vessels, is often required to achieve negative margins. (bvsalud.org)
Case of retroperitoneal1
- 1)_x000D_ Objective: To present a case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, describe its surgical management and reviwe current literature. (auanet.org)
Common neoplasms1
- According to various sources, this disease is one of the most common neoplasms of the retroperitoneal space (Faranoush, Mehrvar, Asl, & Ghorbani, 2009). (master-dissertation.com)
Clinical6
- There are 5 clinical trials for solid neoplasm, of which 1 is open and 4 are completed or closed. (mycancergenome.org)
- BRAF is the most frequent gene inclusion criterion for solid neoplasm clinical trials [ 3 ]. (mycancergenome.org)
- Cbl0137, cudc-907, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are the most common interventions in solid neoplasm clinical trials. (mycancergenome.org)
- ABL1 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 1 clinical trial for solid neoplasm, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. (mycancergenome.org)
- Diagnosing hematolymphoid neoplasm by evaluating fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology sample is controversial and requires experience and clinical skills. (cytojournal.com)
- Retroperitoneal (RP) masses are common in paediatric age group and present with vague clinical features. (waocp.com)
Benign neoplasms1
- Gastrointestinal schwannomas are rare benign neoplasms that are distinctively unique when compared to soft-tissue and central nervous system mesenchymal neoplasms. (sages.org)
Cystic neoplasms3
- Pancreatic cystic neoplasms represent a small yet increasingly detected entity of pancreatic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
- Approximately 70% of pancreatic cystic neoplasms are discovered incidentally. (medscape.com)
- Both are multiloculated cystic neoplasms and are lined by a single layer of tall columnar cells with a clear basal nucleus and cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial neoplasms1
- Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Low Grade Cystic Renal Epithelial Neoplasms. (ac.ir)
Mesenchymal neoplasms1
- Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) are mesenchymal neoplasms with variable biological behaviour, ranging from benign to extremely aggressive diseases able to metastasize. (fortuneonline.org)
Teratoma3
- A case of Klinefelter syndrome with retroperitoneal teratoma. (elsevierpure.com)
- Dive into the research topics of 'A case of Klinefelter syndrome with retroperitoneal teratoma. (elsevierpure.com)
- The baby underwent laparotomy with resection of a large retroperitoneal teratoma and was sent for histopathology [ Figure 3 ]. (caserepclinradiol.org)
Abdominal4
- Retroperitoneal neoplasms are more common in familial polyposis coli and Gardner syndrome after abdominal surgery than in other conditions. (medscape.com)
- The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space (sometimes a potential space) in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- The Retroperitoneal (RP) space is bounded anteriorly by the peritoneal covering, posteriorly by posterior abdominal wall, superiorly by the 12th rib and vertebra, inferiorly by the iliac crest and laterally by the quadratus lumborum muscle. (waocp.com)
- Case presentation: We present a case report of a 53-year-old woman affected by advanced retroperitoneal PEComa who developed an abdominal disease progression after 40 months of therapy with mTOR inhibitor. (fortuneonline.org)
Soft-tissue1
- Soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumours, with retroperitoneal sarcomas expected to compose approximately 15% of the 2,000 cases of soft tissue sarcomas anticipated in England and Wales each year. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
Surgery1
- The outcome after surgery is excellent as these neoplasms are generally benign in nature. (sages.org)
Renal1
- The most common benign pathologies encountered in the retroperitoneum include benign neurogenic tumours, paragangliomas, fibromatosis, renal angiomyolipomas and benign retroperitoneal lipomas. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
Symptoms1
- Case presentation: A 41-year-old female had an incidental retroperitoneal mass found during an urinary tract US performed for evaluating nonspecific urinary symptoms. (auanet.org)
Excision2
- To our knowledge this is the first described case of robotic excision of a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma. (auanet.org)
- Although retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a benign lesion, it requires surgical excision for definite treatment, preferable through minimally invasive approach. (auanet.org)
Vascular1
- Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare locally aggressive vascular neoplasm that occurs mainly in the pediatric population. (springeropen.com)
Neoplastic1
- A large, retroperitoneal mass was visualized and cytological analysis suggested a neoplastic proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
Chondrosarcoma1
- Primary retroperitoneal extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma involving the vena cava: A case report. (docksci.com)
Masses1
- A and B) Solid heterogeneous retroperitoneal masses are evident, with multiple scattered areas of increased echogenicity and dense posterior shadowing suggestive of foci of calcification. (docksci.com)
Tumours4
- Retroperitoneal tumours can cause a diagnostic dilemma and present several therapeutic challenges because of their rarity, relative late presentation and anatomical location, often in close relationship with several vital structures in the retroperitoneal space. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- Retroperitoneal tumours are best evaluated with good quality cross-sectional imaging and preoperative histology by core needle biopsy is required when imaging is non-diagnostic. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- Sarcomas comprise a third of retroperitoneal tumours. (calcuttayellowpages.com)
- Retroperitoneal tumours present several therapeutic challenges because of their relative late presentation and anatomical location. (calcuttayellowpages.com)