Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.Retinal Ganglion Cells: Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate: Specialized PHOTOTRANSDUCTION neurons in the vertebrates, such as the RETINAL ROD CELLS and the RETINAL CONE CELLS. Non-visual photoreceptor neurons have been reported in the deep brain, the PINEAL GLAND and organs of the circadian system.Photoreceptor Cells: Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.Retinal Degeneration: A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)Retinal Vessels: The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells: Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.Electroretinography: Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.Eye ProteinsAmacrine Cells: INTERNEURONS of the vertebrate RETINA. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer.Retinal DiseasesRetinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells: Photosensitive afferent neurons located in the peripheral retina, with their density increases radially away from the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Being much more sensitive to light than the RETINAL CONE CELLS, the rod cells are responsible for twilight vision (at scotopic intensities) as well as peripheral vision, but provide no color discrimination.Pigment Epithelium of Eye: The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.Dark Adaptation: Adjustment of the eyes under conditions of low light. The sensitivity of the eye to light is increased during dark adaptation.Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect: A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)Light: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.Rod Opsins: Photosensitive proteins expressed in the ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of rod photoreceptor pigments such as RHODOPSIN.Retinal Bipolar Cells: INTERNEURONS of the vertebrate RETINA containing two processes. They receive inputs from the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and send outputs to the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS. The bipolar cells also make lateral connections in the retina with the RETINAL HORIZONTAL CELLS and with the AMACRINE CELLS.Retinal Neurons: Nerve cells of the RETINA in the pathway of transmitting light signals to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They include the outer layer of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS, the intermediate layer of RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS and AMACRINE CELLS, and the internal layer of RETINAL GANGLION CELLS.Eye: The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.Choroid: The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.Vitreous Body: The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.Vision, Ocular: The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.Retinal Horizontal Cells: NEURONS in the inner nuclear layer of the RETINA that synapse with both the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and the RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS, as well as other horizontal cells. The horizontal cells modulate the sensory signal.Retinal Pigment Epithelium: The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. These epithelial cells are macroglia that perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment.Goldfish: Common name for Carassius auratus, a type of carp (CARPS).Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.Retinal Pigments: Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.Neuroglia: The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.Retinal Detachment: Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).Retinal Neovascularization: Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.Opsins: Photosensitive proteins in the membranes of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS such as the rods and the cones. Opsins have varied light absorption properties and are members of the G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS family. Their ligands are VITAMIN A-based chromophores.Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.Adaptation, Ocular: The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; DARK ADAPTATION when the light is greatly reduced. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Visual Pathways: Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.Photic Stimulation: Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.Rod Cell Outer Segment: The portion of a retinal rod cell situated between the ROD INNER SEGMENT and the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. It contains a stack of photosensitive disk membranes laden with RHODOPSIN.Blood-Retinal Barrier: A specialized transport barrier, in the EYE, formed by the retinal pigment EPITHELIUM, and the ENDOTHELIUM of the BLOOD VESSELS of the RETINA. TIGHT JUNCTIONS joining adjacent cells keep the barrier between cells continuous.Mice, Inbred C57BLChick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.Retinitis Pigmentosa: Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the neuroepithelium of the retina characterized by night blindness and progressive contraction of the visual field.Ambystoma: A genus of the Ambystomatidae family. The best known species are the axolotl AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM and the closely related tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. They may retain gills and remain aquatic without developing all of the adult characteristics. However, under proper changes in the environment they metamorphose.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Fundus Oculi: The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Retinitis: Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).Urodela: An order of the Amphibia class which includes salamanders and newts. They are characterized by usually having slim bodies and tails, four limbs of about equal size (except in Sirenidae), and a reduction in skull bones.Darkness: The absence of light.Fluorescein Angiography: Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.Cell Count: The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.Ophthalmoscopy: Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Radiation Injuries, Experimental: Experimentally produced harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing RADIATION in CHORDATA animals.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Zebrafish: An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.Injections: Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.Uveal Diseases: Diseases of the uvea.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Microscopy, Confocal: A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Light Signal Transduction: The conversion of absorbed light energy into molecular signals.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Superior Colliculi: The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which coordinate the general behavioral orienting responses to visual stimuli, such as whole-body turning, and reaching.Recoverin: A neuronal calcium-sensor protein that is found in ROD PHOTORECEPTORS and CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It interacts with G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 in a Ca2+ dependent manner and plays an important role in PHOTOTRANSDUCTION.Cyprinidae: A family of freshwater fish comprising the minnows or CARPS.Macula Lutea: An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Retinopathy of Prematurity: A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)In Situ Nick-End Labeling: An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.Nerve Tissue ProteinsFovea Centralis: An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Ciliary Body: A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.Arrestin: A 48-Kd protein of the outer segment of the retinal rods and a component of the phototransduction cascade. Arrestin quenches G-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. Arrestin causes experimental autoimmune uveitis when injected into laboratory animals.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Animals, Newborn: Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.Aminobutyrates: Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.Rats, Mutant Strains: Rats bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment: The light sensitive outer portion of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell. The outer segment contains a stack of disk membranes laden with photoreceptive pigments (RETINAL PIGMENTS). The outer segment is connected to the inner segment by a PHOTORECEPTOR CONNECTING CILIUM.Macular Degeneration: Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.Ion-Selective Electrodes: Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or solutions.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Perches: A common name for fish of the family Percidae, belonging to the suborder Percoidei, order PERCIFORMES.Axons: Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.Macaca fascicularis: A species of the genus MACACA which typically lives near the coast in tidal creeks and mangrove swamps primarily on the islands of the Malay peninsula.Glaucoma: An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)S100 Calcium Binding Protein G: A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.Lens, Crystalline: A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.Retinal Dysplasia: Congenital, often bilateral, retinal abnormality characterized by the arrangement of outer nuclear retinal cells in a palisading or radiating pattern surrounding a central ocular space. This disorder is sometimes hereditary.Tomography, Optical Coherence: An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.Injections, Intraocular: The administration of substances into the eye with a hypodermic syringe.Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)TurtlesCone Opsins: Photosensitive proteins expressed in the CONE PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of cone photopigments. Cone opsins are classified by their peak absorption wavelengths.Albinism: General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.Receptors, GABA: Cell-surface proteins that bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID with high affinity and trigger changes that influence the behavior of cells. GABA-A receptors control chloride channels formed by the receptor complex itself. They are blocked by bicuculline and usually have modulatory sites sensitive to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA-B receptors act through G-proteins on several effector systems, are insensitive to bicuculline, and have a high affinity for L-baclofen.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Rats, Inbred BNVisual Fields: The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.Dendrites: Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.Optic Disk: The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.cis-trans-Isomerases: Enzymes that catalyze the rearrangement of geometry about double bonds. EC 5.2.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Rats, Long-Evans: An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.Pineal Gland: A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain. The pineal gland secretes MELATONIN, other BIOGENIC AMINES and NEUROPEPTIDES.Intravitreal Injections: The administration of substances into the VITREOUS BODY of the eye with a hypodermic syringe.
Computational neuroscience
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OPN1LW - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Hypertensive emergency
Evolution of nervous systems
Creatina quinase, a enciclopedia libre
A comparison of GABAC and ρ subunit receptors from the white perch retina | Visual Neuroscience | Cambridge Core
Will this work with the Early 2016 Retina MacBook? - Apple
Microsoft Releases Retina-Friendly Office for Mac 2016 Preview
Editing Retina MacBook 2016 Teardown - iFixit
GitHub - mikevoets/jama16-retina-replication: JAMA 2016; 316(22) Replication Study
Retina Update for the Optometrist Tickets, Sun, Dec 11, 2016 at 7:00 AM | Eventbrite
Apple MLHA2CT/A 12' MacBook Retina (2016) 1.3GHz... at MacSales.com
iFixit tears down the 2016 Retina MacBook, finds minor hardware tweaks
Is MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013) and MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2016) compatible with this 5K display? - Apple ...
2016 Touchbar Retina Macbook Pro 15' - General Marketplace - TyreSmoke
![Universal Cycles -- Bell Star Pro Shield Helmets 2016 - Retina Sear/White Blur [7067327]](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAIAAACQkWg2AAAAA3NCSVQICAjb4U/gAAAAy0lEQVQokc2SQZHDMAxFpc4C+BAcBoYQM3AYBEIoGIEhOAwMwWJgQwgEB4F6cKeH3Wx3etmpjpr/3kgasarSO3V7K/1vgIgws4iMVgjBOUdErbVlWZiZmadpCiEQ0ddvptaac84Yk3MG0Fo7z/MVEEIAUEoBQETzPP+xg4h470f6+w6X1Xv/mX4FAOi9XwPDdBzH0z2G3vf9glFVVTXGWGtzziklADHGWisAa21KqZQSY1zXVVUfQK113AHAtm3Ppvd+eIdOVfnznu8O99xp7hcduSkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Universal Cycles -- Bell Star Pro Shield Helmets 2016 - Retina Sear/White Blur [7067327]
Back to the Mac: Microsoft releases redesigned Office for Mac 2016 Preview w/ Retina support, collaboration, more - 9to5Mac
ARVO 2016: What Does It Take to Develop a Stem-Cell Therapy for the Retina? - Eye on the Cure
MacBook Pro Pre 2016 Retina 15-inch Skins | iStyles
Compare Apple 21.5' iMac with Retina 4K Display Mid 2017 vs Apple 15.4' MacBook Pro with Touch Bar Late 2016, Space Gray vs...
Compare Apple 13.3' MacBook Pro Silver, Late 2016 vs Apple 13.3' MacBook Pro Laptop Computer with Retina Display Early 2015 vs...
MacBook 2015 (model A1534) Compatible with 2016 Retina Display (model A1534)? - Ask Different
Apple MacBook Pro Retina 13-inch (2016) Anmeldelser - alaTest.dk
MacBook Pro Retina 13" 2016-2018 Repair Services
Laptopuri APPLE Macbook 12 Retina 2016 Core M5 1.2 GHz 512GB SSD Roz 131604... - Quickmobile
Review: The 2016 Retina MacBook is a faster version of the same machine | Ars Technica
MacBook Pro 13" Retina Top Case w/ Battery, Space Gray, Late 2016 / Mid 2017 - 661-05114 661-07946
MicrocircuitDB: COREM: configurable retina simulator (Martínez-Cañada et al., 2016)
Macbook Pro 13 Inch (2015) vs Macbook Pro 13 Inch w/ Retina Display (2016) | Apple iOS MacOS Help | Fix Mac iPhone iPad |...
Macbook Pro Retina 13 ,Touch Bar i5 , rok 2016, 8GB RAM, 512GB SSD | Apple Bazar
Trends in surgical experience in cornea, glaucoma and retina subspecialty fellowship training from 2009 to 2016. | IOVS | ARVO...
iFixit 76Wh MacBook Pro 15-inch Retina (Late 2016-2017 Touchbar) Battery Replacement Battery w/ Fix - RamCity.com.au
Customer Data Migration Kit for MacBook Pro Retina 2016-2017 - Readers & Writers | LA Computer Company
2016 MacBook Pro retina(頁 1) - Mac 討論 - 香港討論區 (純文字版本)
Mouse retinaOuter2017IFixitA15342018Office for Mac 2016 Preview512GB256GbIPadApple'sIllinois Retina AssociatesTrackpadA1706Optimized for retina displaysHuman retinaIMacVitreousLateBatteryOptical coherence2019EarlyTeardownDisplaysModelFlex CableIPhoneAdapter1440 resolutionInchRetinal diseasesSpecialistsMacosSynaptic128GBSpace GrayDiseasesEpithelial cellsBatteriesThunderboltFuss
Mouse retina1
- Expression of GABACreceptor ρ1 and ρ2 subunits during development of the mouse retina. (cambridge.org)
Outer1
- aminobutyric acid transporters and receptors in the outer plexiform layer of the goldfish retina: An ultrastructural study. (cambridge.org)
201717
- Replace a 2017 Touch Bar MacBook Pro retina display with late 2013 MacBook Pro retina display? (stackexchange.com)
- This is a replacement top case enclosure for the late 2016 and mid 2017 MacBook Pro 13" Retina in space gray. (powerbookmedic.com)
- I've owned the 2016 rMBP and now the 2017 rMBP. (mac-forums.com)
- Replace a dead or malfunctioning battery compatible with a MacBook Pro 15" Retina (Late 2016/2017 Touchbar). (ramcity.com.au)
- This Customer Data Migration Tool Kit is specifically designed for the 2016/2017 MacBook Pro and includes a logic board holder with power adapter that allows you to insert your logic board and connect it via USB-C to another MacBook Pro. (lacomputercompany.com)
- LENTION Matte Hard Case for Apple 2015 2016 2017 MacBook Retina 12-inch with Model A153. (influenster.com)
- Start your review of LENTION Matte Hard Case for Apple 2015 2016 2017 MacBook Retina 12-inch with Model A1534 , Ultra Slim Plastic Protective Cover Shell with Matte Finish with Rubber Feet (Frost G! (influenster.com)
- Replace a dented or scratched upper case or malfunctioning keyboard for your Early 2016 or 2017 12' MacBook with this part. (ifixit.com)
- Replace one or all four missing or worn out black plastic feet on the lower case of a 12' MacBook with Retina Display from 2015 to 2017. (ifixit.com)
- This MacBook 12' Retina (Early 2016-2017) replacement battery is what you need to bring your dead laptop back to life! (ifixit.com)
- Battery degradation is an inevitable part of your MacBook's lifespan, extend it with this new replacement battery compatible with MacBook 12' Retina (Early 2016-2017). (ifixit.com)
- Factory-installed MacBook 12' Retina (Early 2016-2017) batteries are rated to last 1,000 cycles. (ifixit.com)
- Replace a damaged or malfunctioning touch bar assembly compatible with a Late 2016 or 2017 13' MacBook Pro with Retina display. (ifixit.com)
- This MacBook Pro 13' Retina (Function Keys, Late 2016-2017) replacement battery fix kit includes all the parts, tools, and adhesive you need to bring your dead laptop back to life! (ifixit.com)
- The item "For MacBook Pro Retina 13 A1706 A1708 2016 2017 Space Grey LCD Screen Assembly" is in sale since Monday, April 8, 2019. (macbookprolcd.com)
- This macbook pro 13" retina (late 2016-2017) replacement display includes all of the small parts preinstalled in the assembly, saving time and increasing the. (bdnews24.com)
- Description this macbook pro 13" retina (late 2016-2017) replacement display includes all of the small parts pre-installed in the assembly, saving time and. (bdnews24.com)
IFixit2
- iFixit has now torn down the new 2016 Retina MacBook to reveal what kinds of hardware gems could be hidden inside of the very familiar aluminum enclosure. (idownloadblog.com)
- iFixit is giving the new 2016 MacBook a pretty low 1 out of 10 repairability score due to a few nuisances that make repairs hard or expensive for this machine. (idownloadblog.com)
A15345
- Apple introduced this MacBook in April 2016, an updated version of the 2015 Retina MacBook, bearing the model number A1534 and the EMC number 2991. (ifixit.com)
- MacBook 2015 (model A1534) Compatible with 2016 Retina Display (model A1534)? (stackexchange.com)
- Here's the scenario- My friend destroys his 12" 2015 retina display macbook (model A1534) and I tell him I can replace the display for him if he buys a new display assembly. (stackexchange.com)
- However, the display he purchased to replace the old one is a newer, 2016 rose gold edition (still model A1534, though). (stackexchange.com)
- This case is Specifically designed for MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015 & Early 2016) Model A1534. (influenster.com)
20181
- The item "computer macbook pro retina 15 2016 512gb 16gb ram (warranty 6 months)" is on sale since Saturday, January 6, 2018. (applemacbook.net)
Office for Mac 2016 Preview2
- The Office for Mac 2016 Preview also includes the current versions of both OneNote and Outlook which were released a year ago and last October , respectively. (9to5mac.com)
- Office for Mac 2016 Preview is now available to try for free and includes Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook, and OneNote. (9to5mac.com)
512GB2
- Laptopuri APPLE Macbook 12 Retina 2016 Core M5 1.2 GHz 512GB SSD Roz 131604. (quickmobile.ro)
- Customers can also configure a Retina system with up to 16GB of RAM and 768GB of flash storage, versus a maximum of 8GB of RAM and 512GB of solid state storage on a standard Pro. (neowin.net)
256Gb3
- If you're a buy Apple MacBook® 12" Retina HD IPS Intel Core M, 8GB RAM, 256GB SSD Laptop with 4-Port USB Hub and 2-Year Tech Support . (weebly.com)
- Here you will find Apple MacBook® 12" Retina HD IPS Intel Core M, 8GB RAM, 256GB SSD Laptop with 4-Port USB Hub and 2-Year Tech Support information about the products. (weebly.com)
- We think you find Great price & where to buy Apple MacBook® 12" Retina HD IPS Intel Core M, 8GB RAM, 256GB SSD Laptop with 4-Port USB Hub and 2-Year Tech Support . (weebly.com)
IPad6
- Following concerns expressed during the lead-up to this week's Apple media event that the company would be unable to launch the Retina iPad mini in any significant volume before the end of the year, supply chain analysts continue to expect very low supplies of the device when it launches next month. (macrumors.com)
- Shortly after Apple announced the new Retina iPad mini, IHS iSuppli analyst Rhoda Alexander noted that supplies will indeed be "severely constrained", according to CNET . (macrumors.com)
- Production of the Retina display panels for the new iPad mini is said to be the bottleneck for Apple, with Apple's suppliers needing to optimize processes for building displays with the same number of pixels as the full-size iPad but at the higher pixel density of the iPhone and iPod touch. (macrumors.com)
- Kuo's modeling has Apple shipping only a little over 2.2 million Retina iPad mini units during the fourth quarter due to those low supplies and a mid-quarter launch, compared to nearly 6.6 million units of the non-Retina iPad mini. (macrumors.com)
- And with the iPad Air launching on November 1, it seems clear that Apple is struggling to produce the new Retina iPad mini in quantities sufficient enough to allow it to launch as the holiday shopping season kicks off at the end of November. (macrumors.com)
- There has already been talk about iPad-sized Retina displays which would have 2048x1536 resolution on a 9.7" screen. (macrumors.com)
Apple's7
- The 2016 MacBook Pro lineup represents Apple's biggest laptop shake-up in years, taking what was already a a premium brand and pushing it up a notch. (alatest.dk)
- The MacBook Pro line has long represented the pinnacle of stylish and sturdy laptop design, and the overhauled 2016 edition is a huge refinement on Apple's already great formula. (alatest.dk)
- Apple's coveted Retina display has finally found its way to a full-size notebook courtesy of the latest MacBook Pro. (neowin.net)
- But hey, who are we kidding, the only reason that most people are going to dish over the extra cash for Apple's latest and greatest is the 2880 x 1800 resolution goodness of the Retina display. (neowin.net)
- While long overlooked, the MacBook line is the brightest spot for Apple's 2016 rollouts,' Kuo said in a report sent out on 23 May that has got everyone excited. (cisdem.com)
- On November 27, 2012 the US Patent and Trademark office approved Apple's application and "Retina" is now a registered trademark for computer equipment. (wikipedia.org)
- Apple's Retina Displays are not an absolute standard but vary depending on the size of the display on the device, and how close the user would typically be viewing the screen. (wikipedia.org)
Illinois Retina Associates3
- Illinois Retina Associates, S.C. (illinoisretina.com)
- A 25 year old male was referred to Illinois Retina Associates for blurred vision in the right eye for the past week. (illinoisretina.com)
- A 41 year-old female was referred to Illinois Retina Associates for blurry vision in both eyes of long duration. (illinoisretina.com)
Trackpad5
- With this repair service, we will replace the trackpad on your 13" Retina MacBook Pro to get it working again. (iresq.com)
- Other features include a high-resolution Retina Display, a Force Touch trackpad, a redesigned keyboard, and two ports: a headphone/microphone jack and a USB 3.1 Type-C (generation 1, up to 5 Gbit/s) port for charging, data transfer, and video output. (thebookyard.com)
- Replace a damaged trackpad and restore the touch sensitivity of your Late 2016 to 2019 model MacBook Pro 15' with Retina Display and Touch Bar. (ifixit.com)
- Replace a bent or missing metal bracket that secures the trackpad cable connector to the logic board in your 2016 to 2020 model 13' MacBook Pro Retina Touch Bar laptop. (ifixit.com)
- It offers a high-resolution Retina Display, a Force Touch trackpad, a redesigned keyboard, and only two ports: a headphone jack and a USB 3.1 Type-C port for charging, data transfer and video output. (wikipedia.org)
A17061
Optimized for retina displays2
- All of these are now optimized for retina displays, support full-screen views and have revamped ribbon interfaces. (thenextweb.com)
- In addition to being sandboxed and fully Cocoa rather than Carbon , each new app is optimized for Retina displays, features full-screen modes, and cloud syncing between platforms. (9to5mac.com)
Human retina3
- Jeffrey Stern, M.D., Ph.D., co-founder of the Neural Stem Cell Institute (NSCI), discussed how the human retina has its own resident stem cells, which his group is working to harness as a therapy for diseases like AMD. (blindness.org)
- To overcome this limitation, we used digital holography to perform laser Doppler perfusion imaging of human retina with near-infrared light. (osapublishing.org)
- He and other researchers still need to find a way to grow this retinal tissue in a flat sheet that mimics a normal human retina. (yale.edu)
IMac1
- Apple uses slightly different versions of the term for these models, including Retina HD Display for iPhone 6 and later versions, and Retina 4K/5K Display for iMac. (wikipedia.org)
Vitreous7
- Other treatment options to be considered could include vitrectomy surgery, which would allow removal of the vitreous hemorrhage and release of the traction on the macula (in the right eye), along with laser to the peripheral retina. (illinoisretina.com)
- As a vitreoretinal surgeon, Dr. Choudhry specializes in diseases of the retina and vitreous including: diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retina vein occlusion, retinal detachment among many others. (cos-sco.ca)
- Dr. Freund is a clinical professor of ophthalmology at New York University School of Medicine, a senior partner at Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York. (cos-sco.ca)
- Ghassemi Fariba F Department of Retina and Vitreous Diseases, Ocular Oncology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran. (tripdatabase.com)
- Finally, every retina specialist is well-versed in the fact that vitreous liquefaction can cause retinal tears, retinal detachment, vitreomacular traction, macular pucker, macular hole, and bleeding from retinal neovascularization. (retinatoday.com)
- In a perfect world, the vitreous gel would never liquefy, and most of what we general ophthalmologists and retina specialists operate on would not require surgical intervention. (retinatoday.com)
- Provides an overview of the structure and function of the retina and its relationship to the pigment epithelium, choroid and vitreous. (aao.org)
Late6
- Is MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013) and MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2016) compatible with this 5K display? (apple.com)
- What cables or adapters do I need to connect this monitor to MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013)? (apple.com)
- This is the Late 2016 model with the Touch bar included. (thebookyard.com)
- This part is compatible with a late 2013-mid 2014 macbook pro 15" retina . (bdnews24.com)
- Description this macbook pro 15" retina (late 2013 to mid 2014) replacement display includes all of the small parts pre-installed in the assembly, saving time. (bdnews24.com)
- Supported models: genuine oem charger macbook pro ( retina , 13-inch, mid 2014) macbook pro ( retina , 13-inch, late 2013) macbook pro ( retina , 13-inch, early 2013). (bdnews24.com)
Battery8
- Just last week, Apple launched the second generation of its Retina MacBook lineup with a bump in CPU and SSD speed performance, as well as in battery life. (idownloadblog.com)
- As small as the change is, the 7.55V 39.71 Wh battery has been increased to a 7.56V 41.41 Wh capacity, giving the 2016 Retina MacBook a 4% power capacity increase. (idownloadblog.com)
- This, coupled with the new updated CPU is probably what gives the 2016 Retina MacBook its newfangled bump in battery life. (idownloadblog.com)
- Replaced the battery on my macbook 2016! (ifixit.com)
- Apple claims that the 12" Retina battery is rated at 11 hours of iTunes playback and 10 hours for wireless web browsing. (csmonitor.com)
- Apple MacBook Pro 13-Inch, Retina Display (2014) The latest 13-inch Retina Apple MacBook Pro gives you top-notch performance and more than 13 hours of battery life in a beautifully designed laptop. (pcmag.com)
- On April 19, 2016, Apple updated the Retina MacBook with new sixth-generation Intel Core M processors, Intel HD 515 graphics, faster RAM, longer battery life, faster storage and a new rose gold finish. (wikipedia.org)
- The battery was improved in the 2016 refresh, with Apple claiming to provide 10 hours for Internet browsing, and 11 hours for iTunes movie playback. (wikipedia.org)
Optical coherence2
- Boy Braaf, Sabine Donner, Ahhyun S. Nam, Brett E. Bouma, and Benjamin J. Vakoc, "Complex differential variance angiography with noise-bias correction for optical coherence tomography of the retina," Biomed. (osapublishing.org)
- Using en face mode of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography, patients with ERM after surgery were retrospectively reviewed to understand the configuration and distribution of microcysts as well as their impact on visual acuity. (nature.com)
20191
- Replace a scratched or dented lower case compatible with a 2016 to 2019 model 15' MacBook Pro with Retina Display. (ifixit.com)
Early3
- Will this work with the Early 2016 Retina MacBook? (apple.com)
- 1.MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015) 2.MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2016) Notice: 1.This case is not compatible with other models. (influenster.com)
- There is definitely room for intervening early to protect the retina from diabetes," said Dr. Lorenzi. (eurekalert.org)
Teardown1
- As noted right off the bat in the teardown, Apple has kept the external design of the Retina MacBook completely the same with the second generation of the notebook. (idownloadblog.com)
Displays2
- Retina Display (marketed by Apple with a lowercase 'D' as Retina display) is a brand name used by Apple for its series of IPS panel and OLED displays that have a higher pixel density than traditional Apple displays. (wikipedia.org)
- The goal of Retina Displays is to make the display of text and images extremely crisp, so pixels are not visible to the naked eye. (wikipedia.org)
Model8
- Grab a toolkit for your MacBook Retina 12' 2016 model and fix your broken laptop! (ifixit.com)
- This is the 2016 model without the touch bar. (thebookyard.com)
- The Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch, Retina Display (2014) ($1,299, as tested) is the newest base model in the line, with a 2,560-by-1,600-resolution screen, speedy Intel processor, and excellent connectivity, particularly with its pair of 20Gbps Thunderbolt 2 ports. (pcmag.com)
- The current MacBook Pro range starts at £ 899 ($1,099) for the 13-inch non-Retina model, rising to £ 999 ($1,199) for the entry-level 13-inch Retina MacBook Pro and topping out at £ 1,999 ($2,099) for the 2.5 GHz 15-inch Retina. (cisdem.com)
- come the updates we'd expect it to vanish in favor of a Retina 13-inch model instead. (cisdem.com)
- Like the 12in MacBook, MacBook Pro 2016 may get new colour model - gold option. (cisdem.com)
- 6 month warranty - macbook pro retina 15 inch model a1398 (emc 2909) bought 2549.00 in 2016 condition: grade a (very good condition) the computer has been fully rebooted. (applemacbook.net)
- An anatomically constrained SAC network model suggests that SAC-SAC wiring differences between mouse and rabbit retina underlie distinct contributions of synaptic inhibition to velocity and contrast tuning and receptive field structure. (nih.gov)
Flex Cable2
- Specifically, I am looking at the MacBook 12" Retina Timing Controller (TCON) Board Flex Cable, if anything is inhibiting the computer from working it is probably a connection difference with this cable, which is still being used from the original, as the new one did not come with one. (stackexchange.com)
- Just an update, I ordered a new Retina Timing Controller (TCON) Board Flex Cable and replaced the old one and the computer is back to perfect condition. (stackexchange.com)
IPhone3
- Like the iPhone 4's Retina Display, this means that user interface elements will remain the same size, but everything will be twice the resolution and therefore twice as detailed. (macrumors.com)
- Developers would simply need to provide 2x-resolution images for their user interface elements, just like on the iPhone to support its high resolution Retina display. (macrumors.com)
- When introducing the iPhone 4, Steve Jobs said the number of pixels needed for a Retina Display is about 300 PPI for a device held 10 to 12 inches from the eye. (wikipedia.org)
Adapter1
- Original oem apple 85w magsafe 2 power adapter is made specifically for your 15-inch macbook pro with retina display . (bdnews24.com)
1440 resolution1
- As the rumours says the new Macbook Pro 2016 will have a 2304*1440 resolution, which is the same resolution as the current 12in MacBook Pro. (cisdem.com)
Inch12
- This MacBook features a 12-inch Retina display. (macsales.com)
- Skins provide low profile protection with no bulk and protects your 13-inch Apple MacBook Pro Retina from scratches . (istyles.com)
- Make your 13-inch Apple MacBook Pro Retina uniquely yours. (istyles.com)
- Cases are available for other electronics but it is important never to enclose a 13-inch Apple MacBook Pro Retina in a case. (istyles.com)
- If the 13-inch Apple MacBook Pro Retina is enclosed in a case, the device will not be able to "breath" as well, resulting in higher operating temperatures that can cause reduced performance and shorten electronics lifespan. (istyles.com)
- We recommend using a Skin for styling and scratch protection - when you need to transport the 13-inch Apple MacBook Pro Retina , put it in a padded sleeve or bag. (istyles.com)
- Added Pride MacBook Pro Pre 2016 Retina 13-inch Skin to your shopping cart. (istyles.com)
- These improvements help the latest 13-inch Retina MacBook Pro replace the previous version as our Editors' Choice for high-end ultraportable laptops . (pcmag.com)
- Design-wise, if you've seen one 13-inch MacBook Pro with Retina Display , you've seen them all. (pcmag.com)
- As the Rumors said Apple is gearing up to release new 13-inch and 15-inch MacBooks in the Second half of 2016, specifically the last quarter. (cisdem.com)
- Apple launched today without a big fuss a new generation of the 12 inch Retina MacBook, with some improvements from the predecessor. (tablet-news.com)
- Unchanged are the 12 inch Retina display and the single USB Type C port and the waistline is also the same, at 13.1 mm. (tablet-news.com)
Retinal diseases2
- The eye is potentially protected from immune insults by the blood-retina barrier on the outside of the retina, but this barrier is often degraded in people with retinal diseases. (blindness.org)
- If that doesn't happen, you get all this debris in the retina that isn't degraded, and retinal diseases occur," Rizzolo said. (yale.edu)
Specialists4
- Dr. Choudhry is on the board of directors at the American Society of Retina Specialists and is presently the program chair for the Canadian Retina Society. (cos-sco.ca)
- Dr. Freund is a member of the Retina Society, Macula Society, and the American Society of Retina Specialists. (cos-sco.ca)
- Want to subscribe to Retina & Macula Specialists Case of the Month? (maculaspecialists.com.au)
- The name of this society is EURETINA - Europäische Gesellschaft für Netzhautspezialisten (EURETINA - European Society of Retina Specialists) e.V. (euretina.org)
Macos1
- Lots of great stuff was announced at WWDC 2016 on 13, June, including macOS Sierra and a rather hefty iOS 10 update, but there were no hardware announcements at all. (cisdem.com)
Synaptic1
- This image shows synaptic integration of graft retina into host mice. (eurekalert.org)
128GB1
- 2015/2016 Retina 13' MacBook Pro 2.7GHz i5 8GB RAM 128GB SSD w/ Warranty! (usedvictoria.com)
Space Gray1
- This past Christmas 2016 I put an order in for a refurbished 2016 m3/256 in the correct color, space gray. (danpassaro.com)
Diseases2
- Dr. Lederer is a board-certified ophthalmologist who specializes in the treatment of medical diseases of the retina. (cos-sco.ca)
- RPE's critical role in maintaining the health of photoreceptors makes this layer of cells a potential target for treatment of these blinding diseases of the retina. (yale.edu)
Epithelial cells1
- The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses , and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Batteries1
- MacBook Pro Retina batteries are originally adhered to the upper case assembly as a single part from Apple. (ramcity.com.au)
Thunderbolt1
- Currently, the only Apple computer with Thunderbolt 3 is the 2016 MacBook Pro. (apple.com)
Fuss1
- E-mailing, Multiple web pages open, Light Video Editing) I see on every YouTube channel I go to, there's a big fuss over the 2016 MacBook removing the USB Ports and SD Card reader. (mac-forums.com)
![Graft Retina in Host Mice [image] | EurekAlert! Science News](https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/web/130215_web.jpg)
