Nasal Mucosa
Respiratory Mucosa
The mucous membrane lining the RESPIRATORY TRACT, including the NASAL CAVITY; the LARYNX; the TRACHEA; and the BRONCHI tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.
Mucous Membrane
An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.
Olfactory Mucosa
Mucociliary Clearance
Respiratory System
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Bacterial Adhesion
Haemophilus influenzae
Organ Culture Techniques
Intestinal Mucosa
Gastric Mucosa
Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.
Mouth Mucosa
Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.
Colon
Laryngeal Mucosa
Duodenum
Intestine, Small
Stomach Ulcer
Effects of inhaled beta agonist and corticosteroid treatment on nuclear transcription factors in bronchial mucosa in asthma. (1/2809)
BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonists are the most commonly used treatments in asthma and are often used together. Recent evidence suggests that many of the anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are mediated by cross-talk between the activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and other transcription factors such as the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB). Beta agonists can activate the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). A mutual inhibition between GR and CREB occurs in vitro which raises the possibility of a negative interaction between corticosteroid and beta agonist drugs. A study was undertaken to determine whether these interactions occur during treatment with beta2 agonists and corticosteroids in asthma. METHODS: Seven subjects who were participating in a randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study of six weeks treatment with inhaled budesonide (400 microg twice daily), terbutaline (1 mg four times daily), and combined treatment were recruited. Biopsy samples of the bronchial mucosa were obtained after each treatment and analysed for the DNA binding activity of GR, CREB, and NFkappaB. RESULTS: Budesonide increased GR activity (p<0.05) and decreased NFkappaB activity (p<0.05). No treatment combination altered CREB activity and terbutaline had no significant effects on any transcription factor. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled corticosteroids have significant effects on GR and NFkappaB activity in bronchial mucosa. A negative interaction between inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonists was not found. (+info)Passive IgA monoclonal antibody is no more effective than IgG at protecting mice from mucosal challenge with respiratory syncytial virus. (2/2809)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a mucosally restricted pathogen that can cause severe respiratory disease. Although parenteral administration of sufficient RSV-specific IgG can reduce severity of lower respiratory tract infection in high-risk infants, delivery of antibody by direct airway administration is an attractive alternative. Topical and parenteral administration of an IgA monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the RSV F glycoprotein was compared with an IgG MAb, specific for the same antigenic site, for ability to protect mice against RSV infection. Administration of RSV-specific IgG was more effective in reducing RSV titers in lung (4.6 log10 pfu/g) than IgA MAb (3.6 log10 pfu/g) when given intranasally immediately prior to infection (P=.005). RSV titers in the nose were reduced only by prophylactic administration of IgG parenterally. Therefore, topical administration of IgA is no more effective than topically administered IgG and is less effective than systemically administered IgG for protecting against RSV infection. (+info)Differential sensitivity of normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells to epinephrine. (3/2809)
1. Exposure to epinephrine has been shown to have a range of effects on cells and tissues. A recent study suggested that the proliferative ability of CF epithelial cells, exposed to high concentrations of epinephrine (200 - 300 microM), was reduced when compared to that of normal cells. This approach could potentially provide a means to effectively separate cells with functional cyclic AMP-dependent Cl-ion transport from those defective in this pathway. 2. The sensitivity to killing by epinephrine is reported here for four different CF cell lines, three normal cell lines, and two CF epithelial cell lines complemented with wild-type (wt) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA. 3. While each cell line exhibited varying sensitivity to 200 microM epinephrine, no predictable pattern was observed between the expression of wt-CFTR and cell survival following epinephrine exposure. Overall, normal cell lines did exhibit a greater resistance to epinephrine-induced cell death although, the most resistant cell line was derived from CF tracheal epithelium (SigmaCFTE29o-). 4. The expression of exogenous wt-CFTR increased the survival of one cell line (CFDEo-) when compared to the parent line, but in another complemented line, survival was reduced. 5. These findings suggest that while epinephrine induces cell killing, it is not consistently effective for preferential selection of normal over CF cells. Although CFTR may play a role in the mechanism(s) of epinephrine killing, other factors such as cell density, proliferative ability, cell type origin and phenotype are involved. (+info)Crucial role of the interleukin 1 receptor family member T1/ST2 in T helper cell type 2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses. (4/2809)
T1/ST2 is an orphan receptor of unknown function that is expressed on the surface of murine T helper cell type 2 (Th2), but not Th1 effector cells. In vitro blockade of T1/ST2 signaling with an immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein suppresses both differentiation to and activation of Th2, but not Th1 effector populations. In a nascent Th2-dominated response, anti-T1/ST2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited eosinophil infiltration, interleukin 5 secretion, and IgE production. To determine if these effects were mediated by a direct effect on Th2 cells, we next used a murine adoptive transfer model of Th1- and Th2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses. Administration of either T1/ST2 mAb or T1/ST2-Ig abrogated Th2 cytokine production in vivo and the induction of an eosinophilic inflammatory response, but failed to modify Th1-mediated inflammation. Taken together, our data demonstrate an important role of T1/ST2 in Th2-mediated inflammatory responses and suggest that T1/ST2 may prove to be a novel target for the selective suppression of Th2 immune responses. (+info)Epithelial P2X purinergic receptor channel expression and function. (5/2809)
P2X purinergic receptor (P2XR) channels bind ATP and mediate Ca(2+) influx--2 signals that stimulate secretory Cl(-) transport across epithelia. We tested the hypotheses that P2XR channels are expressed by epithelia and that P2XRs transduce extracellular ATP signals into stimulation of Cl(-) transport across epithelia. Electrophysiological data and mRNA analysis of human and mouse pulmonary epithelia and other epithelial cells indicate that multiple P2XRs are broadly expressed in these tissues and that they are active on both apical and basolateral surfaces. Because P2X-selective agonists bind multiple P2XR subtypes, and because P2X agonists stimulate Cl(-) transport across nasal mucosa of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients as well as across non-CF nasal mucosa, P2XRs may provide novel targets for extracellular nucleotide therapy of CF. (+info)Effect of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory mucosa in vitro. (6/2809)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FP), on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory mucosa of an organ culture model in vitro. Organ cultures infected with P. aeruginosa had significantly (p< or =0.05) elevated levels of mucosal damage and significantly (p< or =0.05) less ciliated cells compared to controls. Preincubation of tissue with FP (10(-6) or 10(-5) but not 10(-7) M) prior to P. aeruginosa infection significantly (p< or =0.05) reduced the bacterially induced mucosal damage in a concentration-dependent manner. FP (10(-5) M) also significantly (p< or =0.05) prevented loss of ciliated cells. FP did not alter the density of bacteria adherent to the different mucosal features of the organ cultures, but did reduce total bacterial numbers due to the reduced amount of damaged tissue, which is a preferred site of P. aeruginosa adherence. It has previously been shown that the long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol (4 x 10(-7)M) also reduces the mucosal damage caused by P. aeruginosa infection, probably via elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations. Preincubation of tissue with both 10(-7)M FP and 10(-7)M salmeterol, concentrations at which they did not by themselves influence the effect of P. aeruginosa infection, significantly (p< or =0.05) reduced P. aeruginosa-induced loss of cilia. However, there was no additional benefit from adding 4 x 10(-7)M salmeterol to 10(-6)M FP. In conclusion fluticasone propionate reduced mucosal damage caused by P. aeruginosa infection in vitro and preserved ciliated cells. There was a synergistic action with salmeterol in the preservation of ciliated cells. (+info)M1/MUC5AC mucin released by human airways in vitro. (7/2809)
A series of monoclonal antibodies which bind to a mucin known as M1 (anti-M1 MAbs) have also been shown to detect the product of the human gene MUC5AC. The aim of this investigation was to determine the concentration of the M1 mucin in the surface epithelium of human bronchial preparations by means of immunohistochemistry and in the bronchial fluid derived from human airways by means of an immunoradiometric assay. Human bronchial ring preparations from the resection material of 20 patients were challenged with methacholine, leukotriene D4, or anti-immunoglobulin E. Experiments were performed in preparations with an intact epithelium as well as in tissues in which the epithelium had been mechanically removed. The anti-M1 MAbs stained the goblet cells in the epithelium intensely and there was also light and less uniform staining in the submucosa. The M1/MUC5AC mucin in the fluids secreted by the bronchial preparations was not modified during either the experimental protocol or stimulation with the different secretagogues. However, in preparations in which the epithelium had been removed, there was a significant reduction in the amount of M1/MUC5AC mucin detected. These data suggest that the M1/MUC5AC mucin detected in the biological fluids produced by human airways in vitro may be released constantly, and principally from the goblet cells in the epithelial layer. (+info)Arsenite exposure of cultured airway epithelial cells activates kappaB-dependent interleukin-8 gene expression in the absence of nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation. (8/2809)
Airway epithelial cells respond to certain environmental stresses by mounting a proinflammatory response, which is characterized by enhanced synthesis and release of the neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level in part by the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. We compared intracellular signaling mediating IL-8 gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells cultured in vitro and exposed to two inducers of cellular stress, sodium arsenite (As(III)), and vanadyl sulfate (V(IV)). Unstimulated bronchial epithelial cells expressed IL-8, and exposure to both metal compounds significantly enhanced IL-8 expression. Overexpression of a dominant negative inhibitor of NF-kappaB depressed both basal and metal-induced IL-8 expression. Low levels of nuclear NF-kappaB were constitutively present in unstimulated cultures. These levels were augmented by exposure to V(IV), but not As(III). Accordingly, V(IV) induced IkappaBalpha breakdown and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, whereas As(III) did not. However, both As(III) and V(IV) enhanced kappaB-dependent transcription. In addition, As(III) activation of an IL-8 promoter-reporter construct was partially kappaB-dependent. These data suggested that As(III) enhanced IL-8 gene transcription independently of IkappaB breakdown and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in part by enhancing transcription mediated by low levels of constitutive nuclear NF-kappaB. (+info) Gastritis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the stomach lining (gastric mucosa). It can be acute or chronic, and may be caused by various factors, such as bacterial or viral infections, allergies, autoimmune disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, or prolonged use of certain medications.
Symptoms of gastritis may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, bleeding may occur in the stomach and black tarry stools may be present.
Diagnosis of gastritis is typically made through endoscopy, during which a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted through the mouth to visualize the inside of the stomach. Biopsies may also be taken during this procedure to examine the stomach tissue under a microscope for signs of inflammation or infection.
Treatment of gastritis depends on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, anti-inflammatory medications, and lifestyle modifications such as avoiding alcohol, losing weight, and eating smaller more frequent meals. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or repair any ulcers that have developed.
A stomach ulcer, also known as a peptic ulcer, is a break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is a common condition that can cause pain and discomfort.
Stomach ulcers are caused by an imbalance between the acid and mucus in the stomach, which can lead to inflammation and damage to the stomach lining. Factors that can contribute to the development of a stomach ulcer include:
* Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
* Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
* Excessive alcohol consumption
* Smoking
* Stress
* Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that causes the stomach to produce too much acid.
Symptoms of a stomach ulcer may include:
* Pain in the upper abdomen, often described as a burning or gnawing sensation
* Nausea and vomiting
* Bloating and gas
* Abdominal tenderness
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss
Treatment for stomach ulcers typically involves antibiotics to kill H. pylori, if present, and acid-suppressing medications to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding NSAIDs, alcohol, and smoking, can also help manage symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Preventive measures for stomach ulcers include:
* Avoiding NSAIDs and other irritating substances
* Using acid-suppressing medications as needed
* Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
* Managing stress
* Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as stomach ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and improve outcomes.
Nasal mucosa
The nasal mucosa lines the nasal cavity. It is part of the respiratory mucosa, the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract ... "Respiratory mucosa". mesh.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 26 July 2019. Tortora, G; Anagnostakos, N (1987). Principles of anatomy and ... The epithelium of the nasal mucosa is of two types - respiratory epithelium, and olfactory epithelium differing according to ... Beule, AG (2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses". GMS Current ...
Respiratory epithelium
... is a type of ciliated columnar epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract as respiratory mucosa, where it serves to ... "Respiratory mucosa". meshb.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 26 July 2019. Saladin, K (2012). Anatomy & physiology: the unity of form and ... The respiratory epithelium lining the upper respiratory airways is classified as ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium ... The respiratory mucosa transitions to simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium and finally to simple squamous epithelium in the ...
Respiratory tract
The respiratory tract is lined with respiratory epithelium as respiratory mucosa. Air is breathed in through the nose to the ... "Respiratory mucosa". mesh..nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 26 July 2019. "Respiratory tract". www.cancer.gov. 2 February 2011. Alcamo IE ... The upper respiratory tract can refer to the parts of the respiratory system lying above the sternal angle (outside of the ... The human respiratory tree may consist on average of 23 generations, while the respiratory tree of the mouse has up to 13 ...
Angioedema
Edema of the gastrointestinal mucosa typically leads to severe abdominal pain; in the upper respiratory tract, it can be life- ... The skin of the face, normally around the mouth, and the mucosa of the mouth and/or throat, as well as the tongue, swell over ... Tracheal intubation is required in these situations to prevent respiratory arrest and risk of death.[citation needed] Sometimes ...
TST (gene)
1991). "The cyanide-metabolizing enzyme rhodanese in human nasal respiratory mucosa". Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 108 (1): 114-20 ... Malliopoulou VA, Rakitzis ET, Malliopoulou TB (1989). "Inactivation of rhodanese from human gastric mucosa and stomach ...
Bordetella avium
In turkeys this bacteria primarily leads to inflammation of the respiratory mucosa; clinically this can present as sneezing, ... B. avium exhibits its pathogenesis by attaching to the cilia on the respiratory epithelium of its host where it releases a ... in respiratory specimens from individuals with cystic fibrosis". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 14 (5): 504-506. doi: ... The pathogenesis of B. avium is through fimbrial attachment to the respiratory epithelium and release of a variety of virulence ...
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
In young children, this typically occurs in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. In adults, the infection is limited mostly to ... Diagnosis of respiratory C. diphtheriae is made based on presentation clinically, whereas non-respiratory diphtheria may not be ... The bacteria have a number of virulence factors to help them localize on areas of the respiratory tract, many of which are yet ... In upper respiratory tract diphtheria, the pseudomembrane can grow on the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi/bronchioles. ...
Interleukin 16
"Increased expression of interleukin-16 in bronchial mucosa of subjects with atopic asthma". American Journal of Respiratory ...
Benzalkonium chloride
Beule, A. G. (2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses". GMS Current ... Concentrated solutions are toxic to humans, causing corrosion/irritation to the skin and mucosa, and death if taken internally ... Feb 2005). "Effect of topical nasal steroid sprays on nasal mucosa and ciliary function". Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ... It is a respiratory toxicant, immunotoxicant, gastrointestinal toxicant, and neurotoxicant. Benzalkonium chloride formulations ...
Corex
Chlorpheniramine maleate, an H1-blocking antihistamine, relieves histamine-induced allergic edema of respiratory mucosa. ...
Respiratory system of the horse
The horse's olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa of the upper nasal cavity. Due to the length of the nasal cavity, ... The respiratory system of the horse is the biological system by which a horse circulates air for the purpose of gaseous ... The respiratory system begins with the nares, commonly known as the nostrils, which can expand greatly during intense exercise ... This helps to prevent the horse from inhaling food, but does not allow use of the mouth to breathe when in respiratory distress ...
Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol
A greater amount of nicotine is possibly absorbed through oral mucosa and upper airways. The composition of the e-liquid may ... Via nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, nicotine is absorbed through the upper and lower respiratory tract. ... are believed to enter into the lungs with each puff because the particle size in e-cigarette vapors is within the respiratory ...
Surgical humidification
Respiratory humidification during surgery helps maintain body temperature and normal function of the respiratory mucosa. In the ... Heated humidification of respiratory gases during surgery has been demonstrated to reduce the fall in core body temperature, ... It is generally estimated that 10 percent of the loss of body heat during surgery is from the respiratory tract. Especially in ... The lungs can be insufflated with respiratory gases that are heated to near body temperature and humidified to 90 to 100% ...
Nasal glands
The nasal glands are the seromucous glands in the respiratory region of the nasal mucous membrane. The three major types of ... The anterior nasal glands help moisturize the nasal mucosa. The seromucous glands are found primarily in the anterior nasal ...
Oxygen therapy
Roca O, Riera J, Torres F, Masclans JR (April 2010). "High-flow oxygen therapy in acute respiratory failure". Respiratory Care ... Oxygen therapy can also dry out the nasal mucosa without humidification. In most conditions, an oxygen saturation of 94-96% is ... In infants with respiratory failure, administration of high levels of oxygen can sometimes promote overgrowth of new blood ... Somogyi R, Vesely AE, Azami T, Preiss D, Fisher J, Correia J, Fowler RA (March 2004). "Dispersal of respiratory droplets with ...
Human nose
Most of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is lined with respiratory epithelium as nasal mucosa. In the roof of each cavity ... The nose is the first organ of the upper respiratory tract in the respiratory system. Its main respiratory function is the ... The mucosa of the plexus is thin with very few structures. From different areas of the nose superficial lymphatic vessels run ... The nasal mucosa lining the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses carries out the necessary conditioning of inhaled air by ...
Influenza A virus subtype H3N8
Aerosolized influenza virus is inhaled and embeds in the respiratory mucosa, of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The ... The ultimate source of the virus is respiratory tract secretions. Coughing horses can release the virus into the air, where it ... virus is attracted to the glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides of the mucus coating the respiratory mucosa. If the infecting ... Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of horses and related animals such as donkeys, mules and ...
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5
Sites of latency include the CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea. The disease has been documented in South America, the ... Signs of respiratory disease include tachycardia and tachypnea with pyrexia, dyspnea, mucoid nasal discharge, hypersalivation ... It causes meningoencephalitis and respiratory disease in cattle and sheep. As with all herpes viruses latent infection can ...
Micrococcus luteus
The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. Micrococcus luteus is considered ...
Ancylostoma braziliense
In the lungs, the juveniles enter the alveoli and are propelled by cilia up the respiratory tract. From this, the host swallow ... They get attached to the intestinal mucosa via the buccal capsule. Here they undergo two successive molts to become sexually ...
Herpes simplex research
These vaccines infect the respiratory mucosa where their replication and localized spread provoke a robust immune response. The ... In principle, by avoiding attenuation of HSV replication in the mucosa while removing the capacity to infect the nervous system ... "Viruses in Horses with Neurologic and Respiratory Diseases". Viruses. 11 (10): 942. doi:10.3390/v11100942. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC ...
Urbach-Wiethe disease
The life expectancy of these patients is normal as long as the potential side effects of thickening mucosa, such as respiratory ... Its original name of 'lipoidosis cutis et mucosae' was changed to 'lipoid proteinosis cutis et mucosae' due to Urbach's belief ... White or yellow infiltrates form on the lips, buccal mucosa, tonsils, uvula, epiglottis and frenulum of the tongue. This can ... ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. synd/924 at Who Named It? Urbach E, Wiethe C (1929). "Lipoidosis cutis et mucosae". Virchows Archiv für ...
Maleic anhydride
In humans, exposure to maleic anhydride may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, eyes, exposed mucosa, and skin. Maleic ... anhydride is also a skin and respiratory sensitizer. Maleic anhydride is a low hazard profile chemical. Maleic anhydride ...
Mucociliary clearance
The nasal mucosa also traps particles preventing their entry further into the tract. In the rest of the respiratory tract, ... In the respiratory tract, from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles, the lining is of respiratory epithelium that is ... In the upper part of the respiratory tract the nasal hair in the nostrils traps large particles, and the sneeze reflex may also ... This movement towards the pharynx is either upward from the lower respiratory tract or downwards from the nasal structures ...
Mycoplasma pneumonia
... e is spread through respiratory droplet transmission. Once attached to the mucosa of a host organism, M. ... Attachment sites include the upper and lower respiratory tract, causing pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The infection ...
Nasal concha
The respiratory epithelium that covers the erectile tissue (or lamina propria) of the conchae plays a major role in the body's ... As a ciliated mucous membrane with shallow blood supply, the nasal mucosa cleans and warms the inhaled air in preparation for ... The respiratory epithelium also serves as a means of access for the lymphatic system, which protects the body from being ... Animals with respiratory turbinates can breathe faster without drying out their lungs, and consequently can have a faster ...
Linguatulosis
... a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata". Acta ...
Anaphylaxis
Involvement of the skin or mucosa b. Respiratory difficulties c. Low blood pressure d. Gastrointestinal symptoms Low blood ... "Alcohol-induced respiratory symptoms are common in patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease". J Allergy Clin ... Respiratory symptoms and signs that may be present include shortness of breath, wheezes, or stridor. The wheezing is typically ... Respiratory difficulties may include: shortness of breath, stridor, or low oxygen levels among others. Low blood pressure is ...
Feline coronavirus
... which is the mucus protecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa. It is an important facilitating fusion factor of any ...
Sarocladium kiliense
In addition to the lungs, it has also been known to invade the upper respiratory tract mucosa, sinuses, and conjunctiva. ...
Zinc deficiency
Numerous small bowel diseases which cause destruction or malfunction of the gut mucosa enterocytes and generalized ... Impaired immune function in people with zinc deficiency can lead to the development of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or other ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
The bacterium must enter the host's body and, in the case of Yersinia sp., invade the host intestinal mucosa. Then the Trimeric ... It adheres to the respiratory epithelium in humans. This protein can cause pneumonia and some strains cause meningitis and ...
Tonsil
Kato, Atsushi; Hulse, Kathryn E.; Tan, Bruce K.; Schleimer, Robert P. (2013). "B-lymphocyte lineage cells and the respiratory ... and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Other viewpoints treat them (and the spleen and thymus) as large lymphatic ...
Dental trauma
The facial nerve and parotid duct should be examined for any potential damage when the buccal mucosa is involved. Deep tissue ... all Poor retention Poor fit Higher risk of dislodging during contact sports and airway occlusion which may lead to respiratory ... Areas normally affected are lips, buccal mucosa, gingivae, frenum and tongue. The most common injuries are lips and gingivae. ...
Histophilus somni
A nasal inoculation of a nonpathogenic strain of H. somni could allow for the respiratory tract mucosa to be colonized with the ... H. somni can be a part of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and causes pneumonia and has been detected in up to 40% of lungs ... Due to the role of H. somni as a commensal bacterium in the respiratory tract, an important part of establishing disease lies ... Upper respiratory tract colonization is possible through decoration of LOS with phase-variable phosphorycholine (ChoP) that ...
Halostachine
The drug was also astringent on nasal mucosa. In man, an oral dose of 50 mg produced no effects on blood pressure, but this is ... and increased heart and respiratory rates, with a return to normal after 1/2-2 hours. More recent studies of N- ...
Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma
In other reports, the tumors occurred in the oral mucosa, lip, groin, small intestine, greater omentum or lesser omentum (which ... respiratory, genitourinary tracts; 3) muscles; and 4) bones. They most often develop in middle-aged adults (average: 40 years ...
Xerostomia
Mucosa that appears dry. A lack of saliva pooling in the floor of the mouth during examination. Dysphagia - difficulty ... usually caused by partial obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. Examples include hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, and ... Lozenges are soft and gentle on the mouth and there is a belief that prolonged contact with the oral mucosa mechanically ... Photophobia (light intolerance). Dryness of other mucosae, e.g., nasal, laryngeal, and/or genital. Burning sensation. Itching ...
Dead space (physiology)
"Respiratory dead space." in Handbook of Physiology. Section 3: Respiration. Vol 1. Wallace O. Fenn and Hermann Rahn (eds). ... "Relationship between the humidity and temperature of inspired gas and the function of the airway mucosa". Critical Care ... The respiratory dead space". Am. J. Physiol. 154 (3): 405-416. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1948.154.3.405. PMID 18101134. Heller H, ... It is contributed to by all the terminal respiratory units that are over-ventilated relative to their perfusion. Therefore it ...
Acute inhalation injury
Irritant gases are those that, on inhalation, dissolve in the water of the respiratory tract mucosa and provoke an inflammatory ... When inhaled the vapor produces a direct inflammatory effect on the respiratory tract. Respiratory damage is related to the ... 1998) Persistent respiratory effects in survivors of the Bhopal disaster. Thorax 53:S43-6. Demnati R, Fraser R, Ghezzo H, ... The most common cause of death in burn centers is now respiratory failure. The September 11 attacks in 2001 and forest fires in ...
Olfactory system
These agents not only damage the olfactory epithelium, but they are likely to enter the brain via the olfactory mucosa. Trauma- ... The most common cause of permanent hyposmia and anosmia are upper respiratory infections. Such dysfunctions show no change over ... "Uptake of manganese and cadmium from the nasal mucosa into the central nervous system via olfactory pathways in rats". ...
Eikenella corrodens
... is a commensal of the human mouth and upper respiratory tract. It is an unusual cause of infection and when ... Manipulation of the gingival or oral mucosa for dental procedures also can predispose patients to infection since E. corrodens ...
Gastric bypass surgery
Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor from the gastric mucosa to be absorbed. In patients with a small gastric pouch, it may ... Effective short-term use of antibiotics, diligent respiratory therapy, and encouragement of activity within a few hours after ...
Pulmonary alveolus
Each terminal respiratory unit is called an acinus and consists of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, ... February 2020). "High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa". International Journal ... Alveoli are first located in the respiratory bronchioles that mark the beginning of the respiratory zone. They are located ... The respiratory bronchioles run for considerable lengths and become increasingly alveolated with side branches of alveolar ...
Influenza
... about two meters around an infected person via respiratory droplets that come into contact with mucosa of the upper respiratory ... It may cause respiratory disease resembling human influenza on its own, or it may be part of a bovine respiratory disease (BRD ... H5N1 and H7N9 cause severe lower respiratory tract illness, whereas other AIVs such as H9N2 cause a more mild upper respiratory ... Samples may be taken from the lower respiratory tract if infection has cleared the upper but not lower respiratory tract. ...
Tobacco smoking
The resulting smoke is then inhaled and the active substances absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs or the oral mucosa. ... respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, periodontal diseases and teeth loss, and malignant ... Armitage, A. K.; Turner, D. M. (1970). "Absorption of Nicotine in Cigarette and Cigar Smoke through the Oral Mucosa". Nature. ...
Salivary gland disease
In addition there are about 800-1000 minor salivary glands in the mucosa of the mouth. The parotid gland is located in front of ... In addition, The results of a study have suggested that hyposalivation could lead to acute respiratory infection. There are two ... Therefore, hyposalivation could be a potential risk factor for acute respiratory infection. It may expose patients at high risk ... which protects the oral mucosa of the mouth during eating and speaking. Saliva also contains digestive enzymes (e.g. salivary ...
Oral manifestations of systemic disease
Patients with respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be prescribed steroidal inhalers ... The oral manifestations present as orofacial granulomatosis, an inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa. It is non- ...
Peyer's patch
Microscopically, Peyer's patches appear as oval or round lymphoid follicles (similar to lymph nodes) located in the mucosa ... Peyer's patches thus act for the gastrointestinal system much as the tonsils act for the respiratory system, trapping foreign ... embedded between the walls of the intestinal mucosa.) Van Kruiningen HJ, West AB, Freda BJ, Holmes KA (May 2002). "Distribution ... in the immune surveillance of the intestinal lumen and in facilitating production of the immune response within the mucosa. ...
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1
Bankova LG, Lai J, Yoshimoto E, Boyce JA, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA (May 2016). "Leukotriene E4 elicits respiratory ... "Expression and localization of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in human nasal mucosa". Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ... and epithelial cell hypertrophy in the membranes of the respiratory system. Animal model and human tissue (preclinical studies ... interstitial cells of the nasal mucosa, airway smooth muscle cells, bronchial fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. ...
Radiation therapy
Depending on the area being treated, this may include the skin, oral mucosa, pharyngeal, bowel mucosa and ureter. The rates of ... The same monitoring techniques, as well as 4DCT imaging, can also be for respiratory gated treatment, where the patient ... Similarly, sweat glands in treated skin (such as the armpit) tend to stop working, and the naturally moist vaginal mucosa is ... Mageras, G; Yorke, E (January 2004). "Deep inspiration breath hold and respiratory gating strategies for reducing organ motion ...
List of skin conditions
... periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens) Median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy) Melanocytic oral lesion ... Pseudocowpox Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (laryngeal papillomatosis) Rift Valley fever Roseola infantum (exanthem ... Mucosal squamous cell carcinoma Mucous cyst of the oral mucosa (mucocele) Nagayama's spots Oral Crohn's disease Oral florid ... hyalinosis cutis et mucosae, Urbach-Wiethe disease) Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (chylomicronemia, chylomicronemia syndrome) ...
Plasma cell
... human tonsillar lymphoid tissues and human mucosa or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). Originally it was thought that ... "Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Is a Site of Long-Term Virus-Specific Antibody Production following Respiratory Virus ... "APRIL secreted by neutrophils binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans to create plasma cell niches in human mucosa". Journal of ...
Outline of the human brain
Sensory receptors in pharynx mucosa, similar to touch receptors in the skin, sense foreign objects such as food that may result ... Other internal sense Pulmonary stretch receptors found in the lungs and control the respiratory rate. Peripheral chemoreceptors ...
Mass vaccination
Swine flu, also known as H1N1 influenza A virus, is a type of infectious respiratory disease that has caused high economical ... While the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) protected the host, it was not strong enough to generate intestinal mucosa immunity ...
Mucin 4
In the soluble form, MUC-4 appears to lubricate the epithelial mucosa. MUC-4 is thought to play a role in cancer progression by ... It is also found in the respiratory tract - particularly in the trachea and lung - and the digestive tract - in the esophagus ...
Duck plague
Due to the formation of diphtheroid plaques on the eyelids and the mucosae of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal ...
A human airway mucosa tissue model to investigate whooping cough | European Respiratory Society
A human airway mucosa tissue model to investigate whooping cough. Maria Steinke, Roy Gross, Susanne Bauer, Thorsten Walles, ... A human airway mucosa tissue model to investigate whooping cough. Maria Steinke, Roy Gross, Susanne Bauer, Thorsten Walles, ... A human airway mucosa tissue model to investigate whooping cough. Maria Steinke, Roy Gross, Susanne Bauer, Thorsten Walles, ... pertussis and the airway mucosa. Our aim was to generate a TAM that closely resembles natural airway mucosa and to establish ...
Immunolocalization of aquaporins 1, 3, and 5 in the nasal respiratory mucosa of a panting species, the sheep (Ovis aries). | J...
The nasal respiratory mucosa is the primary site for evaporative water loss in panting species, necessitating the movement of ... Using immunohistochemistry, we report the localization of AQP1, 3, and 5 in the nasal respiratory mucosa of sheep being exposed ... The distribution and co-localization of AQPs in the ovine nasal respiratory mucosa is different to that reported in non-panting ... Whether the requirement for enhanced capacity for transepithelial water movement in the nasal respiratory mucosa of panting ...
Table - Postmortem Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Mucosa - Volume 27, Number 1-January 2021 - Emerging Infectious...
Ct, cycle threshold; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; ND, not determined; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory ... Postmortem Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Mucosa Fabian Heinrich. , Kira Meißner, Felicia Langenwalder, Klaus ... Postmortem Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Mucosa. ...
Details for:
Bacterial infections of respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosae :
› WHO HQ Library catalog
TGF-beta1 induces human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EMT)
DailyMed - MOXIFLOXACIN- moxifloxacin tablet, film coated
Respiratory Alveolar Macrophages Bronchial Mucosa Epithelial Lining Fluid 5 8 5 3.3 ± 0.7 3.3 ± 0.7 3.3 ± 0.7 61.8 ± 27.3 5.5 ... Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders Dyspnea Asthma Wheezing Bronchospasm Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders ... Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Allergic pneumonitis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7)] ... c) One patient had a respiratory isolate that was resistant to penicillin and cefuroxime but a blood isolate that was ...
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) represents the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting. URIs ... URIs involve direct invasion of the mucosa lining the upper airway. Inoculation of bacteria or viruses occurs when a persons ... encoded search term (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection) and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection What to Read Next on Medscape ... Seasonal variation of selected upper respiratory tract infection pathogens. PIV is parainfluenza virus, RSV is respiratory ...
DeCS - Termos Novos
Gasoline, Automotive | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
Respiratory. Gasoline can irritate the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Pulmonary congestion, edema, acute exudative ... Ingestion can cause irritation to the gastrointestinal mucosa and can be complicated by pulmonary aspiration, resulting in ... Administer supplemental oxygen by mask to patients who have respiratory symptoms. Patients in respiratory distress or who have ... Gasoline is not as readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract as from the respiratory tract. In adults, about 20 to 50 g ...
Viruses | Free Full-Text | NCBI's Virus Discovery Codeathon: Building "FIVE" -The Federated Index of Viral Experiments API Index
Publication Detail
CDC | Toxic Syndrome Description: Ricin or Abrin Poisoning
Inhalation typically leads to respiratory distress, fever, and cough followed by the development of pulmonary edema, ... Multiple ulcerations and hemorrhages of gastric and small-intestinal mucosa on endoscopy ... hypotension, respiratory failure, and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours. The amount and route of the exposure to ricin or ...
Genetic analyses identify GSDMB associated with asthma severity, exacerbations, and antiviral pathways - PubMed
Respiratory Mucosa / physiology* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... 7 Lerner Research Institute and the Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. ... 7 Lerner Research Institute and the Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. ... Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes-Childrens Respiratory Research Workgroup. Ober C, et al. Lancet Respir Med. ...
Pathology of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione airway lesions in a rat model of obliterative bronchiolitis - PubMed
Respiratory Mucosa / drug effects Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... In this type of lesion, it is likely that the basement membrane of the mucosa has been disrupted, which might lead to ... A) Ulceration of the bronchial mucosa, with a linear zone of fibrinoid necrosis (long arrow), and a few macrophages and ... H&E. F) Immunohistochemical stain for laminin to highlight the basement membrane of the mucosa (arrows). Note the discontinuity ...
RFA-AI-08-020: Immune Defense Mechanisms at the Mucosa (R21)
Immune Defense Mechanisms at the Mucosa (R21) RFA-AI-08-020. NIAID ... Effects of respiratory tract remodeling after inflammation or infection on subsequent mucosal response to inflammation or ... In the relatively sterile surfaces of the respiratory airways, failure to tightly control immune responses to invasive ... at the mucosa need to be tightly controlled. Recent studies have provided new clues about the strategies used at different ...
Antibiotic Use in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections | AAFP
This article outlines the guidelines and indications for appropriate antibiotic use for common upper respiratory infections. ... Upper respiratory tract infections account for millions of visits to family physicians each year in the United States. Although ... 25 It is defined as inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, anterior or posterior ... respiratory rate , 24 breaths per minute), stridor, respiratory distress, leaning forward. Intravenous combination of a third- ...
Internet Scientific Publications
HOSPITAL COURSE AND OUTCOME: The patients respiratory distress improved and Po2 as well as O2 saturation returned to base line ... Examination of the oral cavity revealed thrush on the buccal mucosa. Examination of the skin showed generalized macular, well ... His vitals on admission: Temperature-103.8 °F, BP-138/84 (No orthostatic changes), Pulse rate- 114 and regular, Respiratory ... PHYSICAL EXAM: On examination, the patient was conscious, toxic and in respiratory distress. ...
Moises Asis cmacc 2009 apitherapy for mental disorders and chemical addictions
Beeswax • For inflammations of nasal mucosa. • In avitaminosis A: 4,100 IU of vitamin A/100 g • Antioxidant properties. • ... Respiratory depression, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, coma, death. • Belligerant, excited, combative, psychotic state. *Depressors: ... Stimulates wound healing.* • Very valuable in cases of rhinitis, inflammation of nasal mucosa, septal erosion, and other ... 2. Inflammation of nasal mucosa, septal erosion or nasal perforation; confusion, sensory hallucinations, paranoia, depression. ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Basic View
Diphtheria
Important sites of infection are the respiratory mucosa (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). Humans ... The disease is transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions, ... The onset of respiratory diphtheria is insidious and begins after an incubation period of 2-5 days (range 1-10 days). Initial ... The hallmark of respiratory diphtheria is the presence of a tough, grayish-white pseudomembrane over the tonsils, the pharynx, ...
DailyMed - DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE spray
Changes in rat nasal mucosa at 64 weeks were less severe than at 13 weeks. Local effects on respiratory tissue after chronic ... Respiratory System: Infrequent: dyspnea, upper respiratory tract infections; Rare: bronchospasm, bronchitis, pleural pain, ... the consequences of extended and repeated use of Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Nasal Spray on the nasal and/or respiratory mucosa ... respiratory depression; an increase and/or decrease in blood pressure, usually in that order; confusion, delirium, convulsions ...
Biomarkers Search
COVID-19 Research | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Feb 24;12(1):8. PMID ... SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract. Cell. 2020 Jul 23;182(2):429-446. ... as gateways to the spread of infection into the respiratory tract, and therapeutic modulators of oral/nasal microbiota or ...
Developing mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
These include very short incubation periods, rapid host-to-host transmission and replication in the nasal mucosa rather than ... Unlike the respiratory viruses that cause measles, mumps and rubella-for which vaccination or recovery from illness provides ... A next generation of improved vaccines for mucosa-replicating viruses will require advances in understanding on several fronts ... Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and other respiratory viruses. Cell Host & Microbe ...
Pediatric Pneumonia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Newborns typically have sterile respiratory mucosa at birth, with subsequent uncontested colonization by microorganisms from ... Most lower respiratory tract disease in young infants occurs during the respiratory virus season and is viral in origin, ... EU Approves Its First Vaccine for Common Respiratory Virus RSV * Antibiotics for Acute Exacerbation of COPD: Its Still ... Severe respiratory compromise may require intubation and transfer of the patient to a suitable intensive care unit (ICU) for ...
Nasal16
- Immunolocalization of aquaporins 1, 3, and 5 in the nasal respiratory mucosa of a panting species, the sheep (Ovis aries). (bvsalud.org)
- The nasal respiratory mucosa is the primary site for evaporative water loss in panting species, necessitating the movement of water across the nasal epithelium . (bvsalud.org)
- Whether the requirement for enhanced capacity for transepithelial water movement in the nasal respiratory mucosa of panting species has led to differences in AQP localization is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
- Using immunohistochemistry , we report the localization of AQP1, 3, and 5 in the nasal respiratory mucosa of sheep being exposed to ambient temperatures of ~21 °C or ~38 °C for 4.5 h before death (n=3/ treatment ). (bvsalud.org)
- The distribution and co- localization of AQPs in the ovine nasal respiratory mucosa is different to that reported in non-panting species and may reflect the physiological demands associated with enhanced respiratory evaporation . (bvsalud.org)
- We propose that AQP1, 3, and 5 may constitute a transepithelial water pathway via glandular secretions and across the surface epithelium , which provides a possible means for rapid and controllable water movement in the nasal respiratory mucosa of a panting species. (bvsalud.org)
- 5. Distribution of respiratory mucin proteins in human nasal mucosa. (nih.gov)
- These include very short incubation periods, rapid host-to-host transmission and replication in the nasal mucosa rather than throughout the body. (nih.gov)
- Medical examination revealed slight irritation of the nasal mucosa in only one worker. (cdc.gov)
- Very valuable in cases of rhinitis, inflammation of nasal mucosa, septal erosion, and other disorders of respiratory pathways. (slideshare.net)
- Jaspers' data shows that smoking cigarettes causes suppression of several key immune genes in the nasal mucosa. (eurekalert.org)
- The disease is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, which inflicts initial damage to the nasal and respiratory epithelium. (usda.gov)
- In the present study, we created three-dimensional tissue models of the human ciliated nasal and tracheo-bronchial mucosa. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Applying molecular biological, histological, and microbiological assays, we found that 1 µg/ml CyaA elevated the intracellular cAMP level but did not disturb the epithelial barrier integrity of nasal and tracheo-bronchial airway mucosa tissue models. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Even though the nasal and the tracheo-bronchial mucosa appear similar from a histological perspective, they are differentially susceptible to B. pertussis CyaA in vitro. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Our finding that nasal tissue models showed an increased innate immune response towards the B. pertussis virulence factor CyaA compared to tracheo-bronchial tissue models may reflect the key role of the nasal airway mucosa as the first line of defense against airborne pathogens. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Epithelial Cells1
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry factors such as ACE2 and TMPRSS members were broadly enriched in epithelial cells of the glands and oral mucosae. (nature.com)
Tract15
- Sulfur mustard may cause cancer in the On dry surface soil, volatilization would respiratory tract and skin of humans. (cdc.gov)
- Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) represents the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting. (medscape.com)
- Details of the patient's history aid in differentiating a common cold from conditions that require targeted therapy, such as group A streptococcal pharyngitis , bacterial sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections. (medscape.com)
- Gasoline is not as readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract as from the respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
- It affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. (who.int)
- A more recent article on antibiotic use in acute upper respiratory tract infections is available. (aafp.org)
- Upper respiratory tract infections account for millions of visits to family physicians each year in the United States. (aafp.org)
- Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are commonly treated in family physicians' practices. (aafp.org)
- Protection against avian metapneumovirus subtype C in turkeys immunized via the respiratory tract with inactivated virus. (southernbiotech.com)
- The bacterium can asymptomatically colonize the upper respiratory tract and skin of humans and take advantage of opportune conditions, like immunodeficiency or breached barriers, to cause infection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Upper respiratory tract infection is a nonspecific term used to describe an acute infection involving the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx. (scielo.br)
- Upper respiratory tract infections in children are often associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction and complicated by otitis media, an inflammatory process within the middle ear. (scielo.br)
- Environmental, epidemiologic and familial risk factors for otitis media (such as sex, socioeconomic and educational factors, smoke exposure, allergy or duration of breastfeeding) have been previously reported, but actually no data about their diffusion among Sicilian children with upper respiratory tract infections are available. (scielo.br)
- To investigate the main risk factors for otitis media and their prevalence in Sicilian children with and without upper respiratory tract infections. (scielo.br)
- A case-control study of 204 children with upper respiratory tract infections who developed otitis media during a 3 weeks monitoring period and 204 age and sex-matched healthy controls. (scielo.br)
Rate-241
- His vitals on admission: Temperature-103.8 °F, BP-138/84 (No orthostatic changes), Pulse rate- 114 and regular, Respiratory rate-24, Pulse oximetry showed oxygen saturation of 88% at room air. (ispub.com)
Gastrointestinal3
- Bacterial infections of respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosae : based on a symposium of the SGM held in September 1987 / edited by W. Donachie, E. Griffiths, J. Stephen. (who.int)
- Ingestion can cause irritation to the gastrointestinal mucosa and can be complicated by pulmonary aspiration, resulting in chemical pneumonitis. (cdc.gov)
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, invites Exploratory/Developmental Research Project (R21) applications from institutions/organizations that propose to study immune defense mechanisms and immune regulation at mucosal surfaces including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. (nih.gov)
Mucosal2
- Jaspers' lab previously demonstrated that cigarette smoking significantly impaired the immune responses of mucosal cells within the respiratory system. (eurekalert.org)
- E-cigarette users showed the same changes in those genes, and they also demonstrated suppression of several additional immune genes, suggesting an even broader effect on the respiratory mucosal immune response system. (eurekalert.org)
Distress2
- Inhalation typically leads to respiratory distress, fever, and cough followed by the development of pulmonary edema, hypotension, respiratory failure, and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours. (cdc.gov)
- PHYSICAL EXAM: On examination, the patient was conscious, toxic and in respiratory distress. (ispub.com)
Infection3
- Unlike the respiratory viruses that cause measles, mumps and rubella-for which vaccination or recovery from illness provides decades-long protection against future infection-flu, RSV, SARS-CoV-2 and "common cold" coronaviruses share several characteristics that enable them to cause repeated re-infections. (nih.gov)
- Important sites of infection are the respiratory mucosa (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). (tn.gov)
- Using orthogonal RNA and protein expression assessments, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the glands and mucosae. (nature.com)
Vaccines2
- Vaccines that provide long-lasting protection against influenza, coronaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have proved exceptionally difficult to develop. (nih.gov)
- A next generation of improved vaccines for mucosa-replicating viruses will require advances in understanding on several fronts, the authors say. (nih.gov)
Epithelium1
- Histologic evaluation of TAM sections revealed a pseudostratified respiratory epithelium consisting of ciliated, mucus-producing and basal cells. (ersjournals.com)
Upper respiratory3
- For instance, more must be learned about interactions between flu viruses, coronaviruses and RSV and the components of the immune response that operate largely or exclusively in the upper respiratory system. (nih.gov)
- Workers reported skin , eye and nose, and upper respiratory irritation. (cdc.gov)
- This article outlines the guidelines and indications for appropriate antibiotic use for common upper respiratory infections. (aafp.org)
Droplets1
- The disease is transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets or direct contact with respiratory secretions, discharges from skin lesions or, rarely, fomites. (tn.gov)
Infections1
- Our aim was to generate a TAM that closely resembles natural airway mucosa and to establish optimal conditions for infections studies with B. pertussis. (ersjournals.com)
Larynx1
- The hallmark of respiratory diphtheria is the presence of a tough, grayish-white pseudomembrane over the tonsils, the pharynx, or larynx. (tn.gov)
Viral1
- They conclude, "we are excited and invigorated that many investigators…are rethinking, from the ground up, all of our past assumptions and approaches to preventing important respiratory viral diseases and working to find bold new paths forward. (nih.gov)
Exposure1
- Using translational human in vitro and in vivo approaches, Jaspers' lab hopes to ascertain whether long-term exposure to e-cigarettes - especially those with cinnamon-flavored e-liquids - has immune suppressive effects on the respiratory mucosa of people. (eurekalert.org)
Syndrome1
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (cdc.gov)
Represents1
- With respect to morphology and barrier characteristics, TAM highly represents natural human airway mucosa. (ersjournals.com)
Illness1
- Aerial transmission is another important route by which enterovirus D68 and other serotypes cause respiratory illness. (medscape.com)
Regulation1
- 3. Regulation of mucin expression in respiratory diseases. (nih.gov)
Immune2
- The chemicals compromise the immune function of key respiratory immune cells, such as macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils. (eurekalert.org)
- The compromised immune function of the respiratory immune cells could signal the first in a cascade of cellular mechanisms that lead to impaired immune responses in the lung. (eurekalert.org)
Human1
- Tissue-engineered human airway models (TAM) are promising tools to investigate interrelations between B. pertussis and the airway mucosa. (ersjournals.com)
Failure1
- Withdraw the respiratory failure. (reso-nation.org)
Body2
- Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see the European Respiratory Society web site. (ersjournals.com)
- it affects many parts of the body, such as the whole respiratory mucosa, the kidneys, fat cells, parts of the brain. (everydayhealth.com)
Oral2
- Examination of the oral cavity revealed thrush on the buccal mucosa. (ispub.com)
- Lesions of the oral mucosa of herpetic etiology (as part of complex therapy). (abchealthonline.com)
Time1
- Time of norpace en españa. (reso-nation.org)
Surface1
- Injury can lead to a permanent reduction in gas exchange surface area and respiratory function. (nih.gov)
