Respiratory Function Tests
Liver Function Tests
Vital Capacity
Respiration
Respiration Disorders
Forced Expiratory Volume
Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate
Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Lung
Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate
Cell Respiration
Respiratory Mechanics
Pancreatic Function Tests
A new model rat with acute bronchiolitis and its application to research on the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter. (1/4931)
The aim of the present study was to establish a useful animal model that simulates humans sensitive to inhaled particulate matter (PM). We have developed a new rat model of acute bronchiolitis (Br) by exposing animals to NiCl2 (Ni) aerosols for five days. Three days following the Ni exposure, the animals developed signs of tachypnea, mucous hypersecretion, and bronchiolar inflammation which seemed to progress quickly during the fourth to fifth day. They recovered from lesions after four weeks in clean air. To assess the sensitivity of the Br rats to inhaled particles, two kinds of PM of respirable size were tested with doses similar to or a little higher to the recommended threshold limit values (TLVs) for the working environment in Japan. Titanium dioxide (TiO2 = Ti) was chosen as an inert and insoluble particles and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5 = V), as a representative soluble and toxic airborne material. The Br rats exposed to either Ti or V were compared the pathological changes in the lungs and the clearance of particles to those in normal control or Br rats kept in clean air. The following significant differences were observed in Br rats: 1. delayed recovery from pre-existing lesions or exacerbated inflammation, 2. reductions in deposition and clearance rate of inhaled particles with the progress of lesions. The present results suggest that Br rats are more susceptible to inhaled particles than control rats. Therefore, concentrations of particulate matter lower than the TLVs for Japan, which have no harmful effects on normal lungs, may not always be safe in the case of pre-existing lung inflammation. (+info)Cytokines and inflammatory mediators do not indicate acute infection in cystic fibrosis. (2/4931)
Various treatment regimens and difficulties with research design are encountered with cystic fibrosis (CF) because no standard diagnostic criteria exist for defining acute respiratory exacerbations. This study evaluated the role of serial monitoring of concentrations of selected cytokines and inflammatory mediators in serum and sputum as predictors of respiratory exacerbation, as useful outcome measures for CF, and to guide therapy. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), neutrophil elastase-alpha-1-protease inhibitor complex (NE complex), protein, and alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) were measured in serum and sputum collected from CF patients during respiratory exacerbations and periods of well-being. Levels of NE complex, protein, and alpha-1-PI in sputum rose during respiratory exacerbations and fell after institution of antibiotic therapy (P = 0.078, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). Mean (+/- standard error of the mean) levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha were extremely high in sputum (13,780 +/- 916 and 249.4 +/- 23.5 ng/liter, respectively) but did not change significantly with clinical deterioration of the patient (P > 0.23). IL-8 and TNF-alpha were generally undetectable in serum, and therefore these measures were unhelpful. Drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 s was the only clinical or laboratory parameter that was close to being a determinant of respiratory exacerbation (P = 0.055). This study provides evidence of intense immunological activity occurring continually within the lungs of adult CF patients. Measurement of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in CF sputum is not helpful for identifying acute respiratory exacerbations. (+info)Effects of acute prolonged exposure to high-altitude hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness. (3/4931)
The direct effects of hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness are unclear. Increased breathlessness on exercise is known to occur at high altitude, but it is not known whether this is related to the hypoxia per se, or to other ventilatory parameters. To examine the role of high-altitude hypoxia in exercise-induced breathlessness, studies were performed in 10 healthy, normal subjects at sea level and after acute exposure to an altitude of 4450 m. Although the perception of hand weights did not alter between sea level and high altitude, the intensity of exercise-induced breathlessness increased significantly at high altitude. This was associated with a higher minute ventilation and respiratory frequency for any given exercise level, whereas tidal volume was not significantly altered from sea level values. The increased intensity of breathlessness with exercise did not change significantly over the 5 days at high altitude. These results suggest that the increased intensity of exercise-induced breathlessness at high altitude is not related to peripheral mechanisms or the pattern of ventilation, or to the level of hypoxia per se, but to the level of reflexly increased ventilation. (+info)Effect of thoracotomy and lung resection on exercise capacity in patients with lung cancer. (4/4931)
BACKGROUND: Resection is the treatment of choice for lung cancer, but may cause impaired cardiopulmonary function with an adverse effect on quality of life. Few studies have considered the effects of thoracotomy alone on lung function, and whether the operation itself can impair subsequent exercise capacity. METHODS: Patients being considered for lung resection (n = 106) underwent full static and dynamic pulmonary function testing which was repeated 3-6 months after surgery (n = 53). RESULTS: Thoracotomy alone (n = 13) produced a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; mean (SE) 2.10 (0.16) versus 1.87 (0.15) l; p<0.05). Wedge resection (n = 13) produced a non-significant reduction in total lung capacity (TLC) only. Lobectomy (n = 14) reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), TLC, and carbon monoxide transfer factor but exercise capacity was unchanged. Only pneumonectomy (n = 13) reduced exercise capacity by 28% (PVO2 23.9 (1.5) versus 17.2 (1.7) ml/min/kg; difference (95% CI) 6.72 (3.15 to 10.28); p<0.01) and three patients changed from a cardiac limitation to exercise before pneumonectomy to pulmonary limitation afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: Neither thoracotomy alone nor limited lung resection has a significant effect on exercise capacity. Only pneumonectomy is associated with impaired exercise performance, and then perhaps not as much as might be expected. (+info)Pseudo-steroid resistant asthma. (5/4931)
BACKGROUND: Steroid resistant asthma (SRA) represents a small subgroup of those patients who have asthma and who are difficult to manage. Two patients with apparent SRA are described, and 12 additional cases who were admitted to the same hospital are reviewed. METHODS: The subjects were selected from a tertiary hospital setting by review of all asthma patients admitted over a two year period. Subjects were defined as those who failed to respond to high doses of bronchodilators and oral glucocorticosteroids, as judged by subjective assessment, audible wheeze on examination, and serial peak flow measurements. RESULTS: In 11 of the 14 patients identified there was little to substantiate the diagnosis of severe or steroid resistant asthma apart from symptoms and upper respiratory wheeze. Useful tests to differentiate this group of patients from those with severe asthma appear to be: the inability to perform reproducible forced expiratory manoeuvres, normal airway resistance, and a concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) being within the range for normal subjects (PC20). Of the 14 subjects, four were health care staff and two reported childhood sexual abuse. CONCLUSION: Such patients are important to identify as they require supportive treatment which should not consist of high doses of glucocorticosteroids and beta2 adrenergic agonists. Diagnoses other than asthma, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux, hyperventilation, vocal cord dysfunction and sleep apnoea, should be sought as these may be a cause of glucocorticosteroid treatment failure and pseudo-SRA, and may respond to alternative treatment. (+info)Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life. (6/4931)
In a study of a cohort of over 2000 children born between 1963 and 1965, the incidence of bronchitis and pneumonia during their first year of life was found to be associated with several family factors. The most important determinant of respiratory illness in these infants was an attack of bronchitis or pneumonia in a sibling. The age of these siblings, and their number, also contributed to this incidence. Parental respiratory symptoms, including persistent cough and phlegm, and asthma or wheezing, as well as parental smoking habits, had lesser but nevertheless important effects. Parental smoking, however, stands out from all other factors as the one most amenable to change in seeking to prevent bronchitis and pneumonia in infants. (+info)Urinary cotinine and exposure to parental smoking in a population of children with asthma. (7/4931)
BACKGROUND: Studies of the effects of tobacco smoke often rely on reported exposure to cigarette smoke, a measure that is subject to bias. We describe here the relationship between parental smoking exposure as assessed by urinary cotinine excretion and lung function in children with asthma. METHODS: We studied 90 children 4-14 years of age, who reported a confirmed diagnosis or symptoms of asthma. In each child, we assessed baseline pulmonary function (spirometry) and bronchial responsiveness to carbachol stimulation. Urinary cotinine was measured by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: Urinary cotinine concentrations in the children were significantly correlated (P <0.001) with the number of cigarettes the parents, especially the mothers, smoked. Bronchial responsiveness to carbachol (but not spirometry test results) was correlated (P <0.03) with urinary cotinine in the children. CONCLUSION: Passive smoke exposure increases the bronchial responsiveness to carbachol in asthmatic children. (+info)Fragile lung in the Marfan syndrome. (8/4931)
Two cases of the Marfan syndrome presented with spontaneous pneumothorax. Both had chest radiographs showing bilateral bullae in the upper lung zones and pulmonary function tests consistent with mild emphysema. There were dereases in forced expiratory flow rates at low lung volumes, carbon monoxide transfer factor, and lung elastic recoil. It is suggested that pneumothorax and bullous emphysema in this syndrome are caused by a weakness in the pulmonary connective tissue framework. (+info)Some common examples of respiration disorders include:
1. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe, caused by exposure to pollutants such as cigarette smoke.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways that can cause coughing and difficulty breathing.
5. Emphysema: A condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Sleep apnea: A sleep disorder that causes a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep, leading to fatigue and other symptoms.
7. Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory system and digestive system, causing thick mucus buildup and difficulty breathing.
8. Pulmonary fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
9. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Lung cancer: A type of cancer that originates in the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
These are just a few examples of respiration disorders, and there are many other conditions that can affect the respiratory system and cause breathing difficulties. If you are experiencing any symptoms of respiration disorders, it is important to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Vital capacity
Spirometer
Spirometry
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Hypoxemia
Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
Race adjustment
Mineral dust airway disease
Restrictive lung disease
Hyperinflation therapy
André Frédéric Cournand
Mercury regulation in the United States
Diffusing capacity
Julius H. Comroe Jr.
Catecholamine
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Pulmonary fibrosis
Functional residual capacity
Acute liver failure
Nitrogen washout
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Structured light plethysmography
PPP5C
Certified Pulmonary Function Technician
Laudanum
Brachial plexus block
Botulinum toxin
Pulmonary function testing
Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions
Respiratory disease
Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein
Scuba set
Pulmonary agenesis
Childbirth
Equine anatomy
Quazepam
Cushing's syndrome
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Diseases of poverty
COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Best Secret GmbH
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July-December 2021)
Stove
Mitochondrial DNA
Selective androgen receptor modulator
Dermal bone
COVID-19
History of scuba diving
Aspiration pneumonia
McMaster University
Oxycodone
Lyme disease
Doxepin
Antimicrobial
Ammonia
Effects of cannabis
Coffin-Lowry syndrome
T52 (classification)
Bioluminescence
Bronchoconstriction
Effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function | British Journal of Sports Medicine
Results of search for 'su:{Respiratory function tests.}'
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Novel magnetic resonance technique for functional imaging of cystic fibrosis lung disease | European Respiratory Society
An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Pulmonary function testing in preschool children
Serial pulmonary function tests to diagnose COPD in chronic heart failure | Translational Respiratory Medicine | Full Text
Sulfur Dioxide | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
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Respiratory System - Respiratory Disorders - Air, Cancer, Bronchitis, and Lung - JRank Articles
CDC | Toxic Syndrome Description: Ricin or Abrin Poisoning
Cryptosporidiosis Workup: Approach Considerations, Stool Tests, Evaluation of Immune Function
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Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest): Symptoms, causes, and treatment
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Pulmonary function12
- Effect of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate on metabolic and pulmonary function / Deborah M. Drechsler-Parks. (who.int)
- It is unknown whether serial pulmonary function tests are necessary for the correct diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with stable non-congested chronic heart failure (CHF). (springeropen.com)
- However, data on the need of serial pulmonary function measurements are scarce and even lacking in patients with stable chronic HF (CHF). (springeropen.com)
- Pulmonary function tests were normal in five. (cdc.gov)
- The five with abnormal pulmonary function generally had a restrictive ventilatory defect. (cdc.gov)
- Crapo, Robert O. "Pulmonary Function Testing. (jrank.org)
- Data were obtained through a questionnaire, pulmonary function testing and taking anthropometric measurements. (who.int)
- The ence population provide a baseline for current study will provide the only ethnic background was established evaluating the pulmonary function of a large-scale data for eastern and central on a regional basis as specific tribes are subject, based usually on the person's Africa. (who.int)
- A doctor may also request pulmonary function tests if the condition is causing respiratory symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- We are currently adding audiograms, pulmonary function, and respiratory fit testing to our list of services. (score.org)
- Respiratory status was assessed with high-resolution CT scans, pulmonary function tests, and a respiratory and smoking questionnaire. (medpagetoday.com)
- OBJECTIVE: To assess whether TGlittre in the preoperative assessment of patients who are candidates for thoracic surgery is associated with measures of pulmonary function, body balance, and quality of life and, secondarily, whether TGlittre may be related to postoperative complications. (bvsalud.org)
Infections6
- Details of the patient's history aid in differentiating a common cold from conditions that require targeted therapy, such as group A streptococcal pharyngitis , bacterial sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections. (medscape.com)
- Since the respiratory lining is continuous, nasal cavity infections often spread. (jrank.org)
- Many infants and toddlers experience occasional episodes of wheezing caused by respiratory tract infections, but that doesn't mean they suffer from asthma, a chronic disorder that causes swelling and inflammation of the airways. (uclahealth.org)
- Asthma is a chronic lung disease that, in young children, is often triggered by the common cold or other respiratory-tract infections. (uclahealth.org)
- Asthma symptoms are often triggered by allergens, respiratory infections, and exercise. (health.com)
- Viral and bacterial respiratory infections (e.g., common cold, influenza) in infancy and early childhood can affect lung and immune system development and lead to asthma. (health.com)
Inhalation1
- Inhalation typically leads to respiratory distress, fever, and cough followed by the development of pulmonary edema, hypotension, respiratory failure, and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours. (cdc.gov)
Rhinitis1
- Wood dusts are known to cause respiratory disorders like rhinitis and asthma. (who.int)
Diagnosis4
- Early diagnosis by newborn screening and improvement of therapy has raised interest in diagnostic tools to detect lung function impairment early and prior to irreversible lung damage [ 2 - 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- An asthma diagnosis is based on your symptoms, medical and family history, and diagnostic test results. (health.com)
- Diagnosis is based on a suggestive history and physical findings coupled with confirmatory testing. (cdc.gov)
- Other testing, such as a fingerstick blood sugar, alcohol and toxicology screen, head CT scan or lumbar puncture may be needed to exclude other causes of altered mental status when the diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning is inconclusive. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms2
- Stop the exposure by moving to a fresh non-contaminated environment and treat respiratory symptoms accordingly. (cdc.gov)
- Owing to the patient's respiratory symptoms, an evacuatory thoracentesis was performed. (bvsalud.org)
Chest3
- In cases of respiratory involvement, chest radiography is unremarkable, with modest infiltrates or increased bronchial markings. (medscape.com)
- PFT derangement in patients with SCCLD usually affects Chest X-ray (CXR) the ventilatory and gas exchange functions. (who.int)
- Furthermore, TGlittre is possibly a prognostic test for postoperative complications, especially with respect to chest tube duration. (bvsalud.org)
Disorders2
- Some respiratory disorders are relatively mild and, unfortunately, very familiar. (jrank.org)
- Neuromuscular disorders are a broad range of conditions where the function of voluntary muscle and/or sensory nerve function is affected. (ouh.nhs.uk)
Asthma2
- Our experienced Respiratory Health Nurses and Educators support and educate any person with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to promote their respiratory wellbeing. (asthmawa.org.au)
- Diagnosing asthma involves a physical examination, medical history review, lung function tests, and allergy testing. (health.com)
Therapists3
- Care provided by respiratory therapists that have completed specialized training in pulmonary medicine to specifically treat patients with pulmonary disease. (newberryhospital.org)
- Our dynamic team includes a range of pediatric specialists as well as social workers, nurses, dietitians, and respiratory therapists who will offer support and education to patients and their families. (uclahealth.org)
- Any orthotics or respiratory equipment used regularly for therapists to review. (ouh.nhs.uk)
Spirometry3
- In Africa, outline spirometry can be used as a screening test for Clinical features asymptomatic SCCLD in the follow-up of SCD. (who.int)
- Spirometry is a breathing test used to investigate respiratory function and disease. (uea.ac.uk)
- RESULTS: Sixteen LCS patients were subjected to resting lung function (spirometry and respiratory oscillometry-RO) and cardiopulmonary performance to exercise (Spiropalm®-equipped six-minute walk test-6MWT and cardiopulmonary exercise test-CPX). (bvsalud.org)
Cystic fibrosis1
- Lung function tests are commonly used to monitor lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). While practical, they cannot locate the exact origin of functional impairment. (ersjournals.com)
Toxicity1
- Respiratory changes and toxicity (resulting in euthanasia in extremis) were confirmed in a repeat, head-out plethysmography test, but the effects of DSM421 were much less severe overall when the rats were tested in whole-body chambers. (sri.com)
COPD2
- Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are termed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which the airways are obstructed and the respiratory surface is diminished. (jrank.org)
- The body is unable to repair the damage to the lungs brought on by COPD, and the disease can lead to respiratory failure. (jrank.org)
Assessment1
- ESC/ERS guidelines state that, while not all variables need to be assessed, WHO FC and at least one measurement of exercise capacity (6MWD or CPET) should be taken as a minimum, and assessment of right ventricular (RV) function (BNP/NT-proBNP or echocardiography) is recommended. (ersjournals.com)
Renal function1
- Doses of labetalol HCl that controlled hypertension did not affect renal function in mildly to severely hypertensive patients with normal renal function. (nih.gov)
Patients5
- We work with you to achieve improved respiratory health for your patients. (asthmawa.org.au)
- We have compiled a range of resources and educational opportunities to help you support your respiratory patients. (asthmawa.org.au)
- Specific bacterial or viral testing is also warranted in other selected situations, such as when patients are immunocompromised, during certain outbreaks, or to provide specific therapy to contacts. (medscape.com)
- Jaja et al11 have said that the reduced lung function in tions.This article aims to review the chronic pulmonary sickle cell patients may also be related to their smaller complications of SCD in order to increase awareness of stature. (who.int)
- The identification of the most accurate diagnostic test for a particular disease contributes to the prevention of unnecessary risks to patients and healthcare. (uea.ac.uk)
Liver1
- Blood (about 2 tablespoons) will be drawn for routine tests, to check your heart, kidney, and liver function, and for biomarker testing. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Acute1
- Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) represents the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting. (medscape.com)
Illness2
Traditionally1
- Traditionally, it was diagnosed via microscopic examination with special staining techniques (eg, acid-fast staining, direct fluorescent antibody [DFA], enzyme immunoassays, or immunochromatographic tests for detection of Cryptosporidium antigens). (medscape.com)
Evaluate3
- Many laboratories do not routinely test for Cryptosporidium , and, in many instances, the tests used to evaluate for this organism are insensitive. (medscape.com)
- This blood drawn lab test evaluates the acid-base balance of the blood to learn more about the breathing pattern of the patient and can help evaluate the oxygen level. (newberryhospital.org)
- Each shed is a small scale factory to evaluate the respiratory function of Nigeria employing less than 20 workers. (who.int)
Evaluation1
- BACKGROUND: The Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) broadly meets the need for an objective evaluation of physical function, using similar activities to those of daily living. (bvsalud.org)
Disease2
- CWHSP has played a major role in tracking the burden of respiratory disease in coal miners and in detecting recent increases in pneumoconiosis affecting coal miners. (cdc.gov)
- Depending on the appearance of the pectus carinatum, doctors may also decide to test for related conditions, such as scoliosis, congenital heart disease , and Marfan syndrome. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Diagnostic test1
- This diagnostic test records the brain activity over a set period of time to determine seizure activity or other neurological conditions. (newberryhospital.org)
Confirmatory1
- Specialized laboratories ( http://www.mywaterquality.ca.gov/monitoring_council/cyanohab_network/docs/cyano_ handout.pdf ) can perform confirmatory testing to identify cyanobacteria and cyantoxins in feces urine, stomach contents (if available), tissues, serum, and water specimens. (cdc.gov)
Adult1
- Participants receive Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Diseases1
- It is not surprising that respiratory diseases occur, in spite of the body's defenses. (jrank.org)
Diarrhea1
- Diarrhea causes volume depletion, so urea and electrolyte tests are used to assess electrolyte and volume replacement requirements. (medscape.com)
Voluntary1
- Maximal respiratory pressures and voluntary ventilation. (bvsalud.org)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Respiratory function tests. (who.int)
Continuous1
- Mitochondria have diverse functions and are essential organelles that require continuous surveillance to maintain their function. (nature.com)
Fever1
- Respiratory effects can include atypical pneumonia and a hay fever-like syndrome. (cdc.gov)
Methods1
- Cryptosporidium infection can be difficult to diagnose via standard methods and is often missed unless specific tests are performed. (medscape.com)
Abstract1
- ABSTRACT To determine normal values of respiratory function for Sudanese, a randomized stratified cross- sectional study was performed on 2250 healthy Sudanese aged 7-86 years in 2002-05. (who.int)
Underwent1
- 40 children with CF (median (range) age 12.0 (6-18) years) and 12 healthy age-matched controls underwent functional and structural MRI and lung function tests on the same day. (ersjournals.com)
Heart2
- This is a test that records the electrical activity of the rhythm of the heart. (newberryhospital.org)
- The limb, trunk, heart and respiratory muscles can be affected. (ouh.nhs.uk)
Results2
- Tests of nasopharyngeal specimens for specific pathogens are helpful when targeted therapy depends on the results (eg, group A streptococcal infection, gonococcus, pertussis). (medscape.com)
- By having the results of this test, the physician can make more informed decisions to meet the need of the patient. (newberryhospital.org)
Pollution1
- The respiratory system is open to airborne microbes and to outside pollution . (jrank.org)
Normal2
Assays1
- When tested in a core battery of safety pharmacology assays, DSM421 did not produce any effects at oral doses up to 750 mg/kg in an Irwin test in rats, but a respiratory study in rats using head-out plethysmography resulted in substantial changes in respiratory function as well as moribundity and mortality at that and lower doses. (sri.com)