Respiration artificial. Medical search

The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

The mitochondria of the myocardium.

Proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome or proteins encoded by the nuclear genome that are imported to and resident in the MITOCHONDRIA.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes.

The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.

Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

An electrochemical technique for measuring the current that flows in solution as a function of an applied voltage. The observed polarographic wave, resulting from the electrochemical response, depends on the way voltage is applied (linear sweep or differential pulse) and the type of electrode used. Usually a mercury drop electrode is used.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which is often isolated from spoiling fish.

A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.

A botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.

The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Collections of differentiated CELLS, such as EPITHELIUM; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; MUSCLES; and NERVE TISSUE. Tissues are cooperatively arranged to form organs with specialized functions such as RESPIRATION; DIGESTION; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENT; and others.

Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.

A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumarate. In most eukaryotic organisms this enzyme is a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex II.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Compounds based on fumaric acid.

Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.

Biological actions and events that support the functions of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.

The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP.

A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.

An increase in MITOCHONDRIAL VOLUME due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.

Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)

A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

The absence of light.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In eukaryotes the enzyme can be found as a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex I. Under experimental conditions the enzyme can use CYTOCHROME C GROUP as the reducing cofactor. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.6.2.1.

A flavoprotein oxidase complex that contains iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of SUCCINATE to fumarate and couples the reaction to the reduction of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the bovine RUMEN, the human gingival sulcus, and dental PULPITIS infections.

Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The chemical reactions that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism. These processes include both the biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) and the breakdown (CATABOLISM) of organic materials utilized by the living organism.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A form of creatine kinase found in the MITOCHONDRIA.

A class of nucleotide translocases found abundantly in mitochondria that function as integral components of the inner mitochondrial membrane. They facilitate the exchange of ADP and ATP between the cytosol and the mitochondria, thereby linking the subcellular compartments of ATP production to those of ATP utilization.

A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.

A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A multisubunit enzyme complex that contains CYTOCHROME B GROUP; CYTOCHROME C1; and iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to UBIQUINONE, and transfers the electrons to CYTOCHROME C. In MITOCHONDRIA the redox reaction is coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Part of the brain located in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and PONS. It receives neural, chemical and hormonal signals, and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the DIAPHRAGM and other respiratory muscles.

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle.

A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the breathing cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. The images are used diagnostically and also interventionally to coordinate radiation treatment beam on/off cycles to protect healthy tissues when they move into the beam field during different times in the breathing cycle.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A family of voltage-gated eukaryotic porins that form aqueous channels. They play an essential role in mitochondrial CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, are often regulated by BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS, and have been implicated in APOPTOSIS.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A genus of nematode worms in the superfamily Heterakoidea. A. galli and A. lineata are important intestinal parasites of domestic fowl.

The various filaments, granules, tubules or other inclusions within mitochondria.

Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.

A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.

The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of arsenic acid.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Eubacteriaceae. Species are homoacetogenic, having the ability to use CARBON DIOXIDE as an electron sink, and to reduce it producing acetate as a typical fermentation product.

An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A state in which the environs of hospitals, laboratories, domestic and animal housing, work places, spacecraft, and other surroundings are under technological control with regard to air conditioning, heating, lighting, humidity, ventilation, and other ambient features. The concept includes control of atmospheric composition. (From Jane's Aerospace Dictionary, 3d ed)

A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE). Tumbleweed sometimes refers to Amaranthus but more often refers to SALSOLA.

A plant species of the genus PINUS which is the source of pinosylvin. It is sometimes called Scotch pine or Scots pine, which is also a common name for other species of this genus.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.

A plant genus of the family ACERACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves.

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.

Amides of salicylic acid.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Integral membrane proteins that transport protons across a membrane. This transport can be linked to the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. What is referred to as proton pump inhibitors frequently is about POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE.

Energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work. Proton-motive force can be generated by a variety of phenomena including the operation of an electron transport chain, illumination of a PURPLE MEMBRANE, and the hydrolysis of ATP by a proton ATPase. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed, p171)

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

The act of BREATHING in.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

A species of SHEWANELLA noted for its ability to reduce iron and manganese anaerobically.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.

A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

An order of the ANGIOSPERMS, subclass Rosidae. Its members include some of the most known ornamental and edible plants of temperate zones including roses, apples, cherries, and peaches.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Proteins involved in the transport of specific substances across the membranes of the MITOCHONDRIA.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.

Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.

A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.

A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name "prickly burweed" is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.

A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.

A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Twelfth rib resection as an approach for portal vein cannulation in sheep. (1/3997)

A surgical technique involving resection of the twelfth rib was used to insert silastic cannulas into the portal veins of three sheep to study amino acid metabolism. Good exposure to the vein was achieved by this method although it required positive ventilation due to the penetration of the thoracic cavity. All cannulas were buried subcutaneously and exteriorized near the dorsal midline. This facilitated continuous infusion into the portal cannula without disturbing cannula placement. (+info)

The impact of a multidisciplinary approach on caring for ventilator-dependent patients. (2/3997)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and financial outcomes of a highly structured multidisciplinary care model for patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) who require prolonged mechanical ventilation. The structured model outcomes (protocol group) are compared with the preprotocol outcomes. DESIGN: Descriptive study with financial analysis. SETTING: A twelve-bed medical-surgical ICU in a non-teaching tertiary referral center in Ogden, Utah. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: During a 54 month period, 469 consecutive intensive care patients requiring mechanical ventilation for longer than 72 hours who did not meet exclusion criteria were studied. INTERVENTIONS: A multidisciplinary team was formed to coordinate the care of ventilator-dependent patients. Care was integrated by daily collaborative bedside rounds, monthly meetings, and implementation of numerous guidelines and protocols. Patients were followed from the time of ICU admission until the day of hospital discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were assigned APACHE II scores on admission to the ICU, and were divided into eight diagnostic categories. ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, costs, charges, reimbursement, and in-hospital mortality were measured. RESULTS: Mortality in the preprotocol and protocol group, after adjustment for APACHE II scores, remained statistically unchanged (21-23%). After we implemented the new care model, we demonstrated significant decreases in the mean survivor's ICU length of stay (19.8 days to 14.7 days, P= 0.001), hospital length of stay (34.6 days to 25.9 days, P=0.001), charges (US$102500 to US$78500, P=0.001), and costs (US$71900 to US$58000, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a structured multidisciplinary care model to care for a heterogeneous population of ventilator-dependent ICU patients was associated with significant reductions in ICU and hospital lengths of stay, charges, and costs. Mortality rates were unaffected. (+info)

Trigeminal and carotid body inputs controlling vascular resistance in muscle during post-contraction hyperaemia in cats. (3/3997)

1. In anaesthetized cats, the effects of stimulation of the receptors in the nasal mucosa and carotid body chemoreceptors on vascular resistance in hindlimb skeletal muscle were studied to see whether the responses were the same in active as in resting muscle. The measurements of vascular resistance were taken, first, in resting muscle, and second, in the immediate post-contraction hyperaemic phase that followed a 30 s period of isometric contractions. 2. Stimulation of the receptors in the nasal mucosa caused reflex apnoea and vasoconstriction in muscle. The latter response was attenuated when the test was repeated during post-contraction hyperaemia. 3. Stimulations of the carotid bodies were made during a period of apnoea evoked reflexly by electrical stimulation of both superior laryngeal nerves. This apnoea prevented any effects of changes in respiration on the carotid body reflex vascular responses. Stimulation of the carotid bodies evoked hindlimb muscle vasoconstriction. In the post-contraction hyperaemic period, the response was reduced or abolished. A similar attenuation of the reflex vasoconstrictor responses occurred in decentralized muscles stimulated through their motor roots in the cauda equina. 4. Evidence is presented that the attenuation of the vasoconstrictor responses evoked by the two reflexes is a phenomenon localized to the contracting muscles themselves resulting from an interaction between sympathetic neuronal activity and the local production of metabolites. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the metabolic needs of tissues in relation to asphyxial defence mechanisms such as occur in the diving response. (+info)

Renal and hemodynamic effects of losartan in conscious dogs during controlled mechanical ventilation. (4/3997)

In 12 conscious dogs, we investigated whether the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist losartan increases renal sodium excretion and urine volume during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure. In four experimental protocols, the dogs were extracellular volume (ECV) expanded (electrolyte solution, 0.5 ml. kg-1. min-1 iv) or not and received losartan (100 micrograms. kg-1. min-1 iv) or not. They breathed spontaneously during the 1st and 4th hour and received CMV with positive end-expiratory pressure (mean airway pressure 20 cmH2O) during the 2nd and 3rd hours. In the expansion group, dogs with losartan excreted approximately 18% more sodium (69 +/- 7 vs. 38 +/- 5 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and 15% more urine during the 2 h of CMV because of a higher glomerular filtration rate (5.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.2 ml. min-1. kg-1) and the tubular effects of losartan. In the group without expansion, sodium excretion (2.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.0 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and glomerular filtration rate (3.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.4 ml. min-1. kg-1) did not change, and urine volume decreased similarly in both groups during CMV. Plasma vasopressin and aldosterone increased in both groups, and plasma renin activity increased from 4.9 +/- 0.7 to 7.8 +/- 1.3 ng ANG I. ml-1. h-1 during CMV in nonexpanded dogs without losartan. Mean arterial pressure decreased by 10 mmHg in nonexpanded dogs with losartan. In conclusion, losartan increases sodium excretion and urine volume during CMV if the ECV is expanded. If the ECV is not expanded, a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and/or an increase in aldosterone and vasopressin during CMV attenuates the renal effects of losartan. (+info)

Outcome for cancer patients requiring mechanical ventilation. (5/3997)

PURPOSE: To describe hospital survival for cancer patients who require mechanical ventilation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, multicenter observational study was performed at five academic tertiary care hospitals. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained on consecutive cancer patients at initiation of mechanical ventilation, and information on vital status at hospital discharge was acquired. RESULTS: Our analysis was based on 782 adult cancer patients who met predetermined inclusion criteria. The overall observed hospital mortality was 76%, with no statistically significant differences among the five study centers. Seven variables (intubation after 24 hours, leukemia, progression or recurrence of cancer, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, cardiac arrhythmias, presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and need for vasopressor therapy) were associated with an increased risk of death, whereas prior surgery with curative intent was protective. The predictive model based on these variables had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.736, with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics of 7.19; P = .52. CONCLUSION: This model can be used to estimate the probability of hospital survival for classes of adult cancer patients who require mechanical ventilation and can help to guide physicians, patients, and families in deciding goals and direction of treatment. Prospective independent validation in different medical settings is warranted. (+info)

Continuous arterial P(O2) and P(CO2) measurements in swine during nitrous oxide and xenon elimination: prevention of diffusion hypoxia. (6/3997)

BACKGROUND: During nitrous oxide (N2O) elimination, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreases because of the phenomenon commonly called diffusive hypoxia. The authors questioned whether similar effects occur during xenon elimination. METHODS: Nineteen anesthetized and paralyzed pigs were mechanically ventilated randomly for 30 min using inspiratory gas mixtures of 30% oxygen and either 70% N2O or xenon. The inspiratory gas was replaced by a mixture of 70% nitrogen and 30% oxygen. PaO2 and carbon dioxide tensions were recorded continuously using an indwelling arterial sensor. RESULTS: The PaO2 decreased from 119+/-10 mm Hg to 102+/-12 mm Hg (mean+/-SD) during N2O washout (P<0.01) and from 116+/-9 mm Hg to 110+/-8 mm Hg during xenon elimination (P<0.01), with a significant difference (P<0.01) between baseline and minimum PaO2 values (deltaPaO2, 17+/-6 mm Hg during N2O washout and 6+/-3 mm Hg during xenon washout). The PaCO2 value also decreased (from 39.3+/-6.3 mm Hg to 37.6+/-5.8 mm Hg) during N2O washout (P<0.01) and during xenon elimination (from 35.4+/-1.6 mm Hg to 34.9+/-1.6 mm Hg; P< 0.01). The deltaPaCO2 was 1.7+/-0.9 mm Hg in the N2O group and 0.5+/-0.3 mm Hg in the xenon group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Diffusive hypoxia is unlikely to occur during recovery from xenon anesthesia, probably because of the low blood solubility of this gas. (+info)

Early inhaled glucocorticoid therapy to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (7/3997)

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for asthma stimulated its use in infants to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We tested the hypothesis that early therapy with inhaled glucocorticoids would decrease the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled beclomethasone or placebo in 253 infants, 3 to 14 days old, born before 33 weeks of gestation and weighing 1250 g or less at birth, who required ventilation therapy. Beclomethasone was delivered in a decreasing dosage, from 40 to 5 microg per kilogram of body weight per day, for four weeks. The primary outcome measure was bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age. Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, the need for systemic glucocorticoid therapy, the need for bronchodilator therapy, the duration of respiratory support, and death. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three infants received beclomethasone, and 130 received placebo. The frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was similar in the two groups: 43 percent in the beclomethasone group and 45 percent in the placebo group at 28 days of age, and 18 percent in the beclomethasone group and 20 percent in the placebo group at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age. At 28 days of age, fewer infants in the beclomethasone group than in the placebo group were receiving systemic glucocorticoid therapy (relative risk, 0.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 1.0) and mechanical ventilation (relative risk, 0.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Early beclomethasone therapy did not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia but was associated with lower rates of use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy and mechanical ventilation. (+info)

An isolated perfused rat lung preparation. (8/3997)

An isolated perfused rat lung preparation (IPL) is described and its physiologic status is evaluated. The evaluation includes light and electron microscopy after perfusion and estimations of substrate utilization. ATP content, lactate production, and incorporation of glucose carbons into lipids and CO2. It is concluded that the IPL is useful for short-term metabolic and physiologic experiments and offers some unique advantages in evaluating effects of reactive gases upon lung function. (+info)

The term "Cheyne-Stokes" was first used to describe this type of respiration by British physician William Cheyne in 1832, and later popularized by John Stokes in 1854. It is also known as "stop-and-go breathing" or "alternating apnea."

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is thought to be caused by changes in the autonomic nervous system that regulate breathing, which can be influenced by various factors such as heart failure, anemia, and medications. The exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay between cardiac output, venous return, and respiratory muscle function.

The clinical significance of Cheyne-Stokes respiration lies in its potential impact on patient outcomes. It can lead to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and acidosis (excessive acidity), which can worsen cardiorespiratory symptoms and increase the risk of complications such as heart failure exacerbation, respiratory failure, and death.

Diagnosis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration typically involves monitoring of arterial blood gases, electrocardiography (ECG), and chest radiography. Treatment strategies may include addressing underlying conditions such as heart failure or COPD, adjusting medications, and providing respiratory support as needed.

In summary, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by repetitive cycles of shallow and deep breaths, with periods of apnea and hyperpnea. It is commonly seen in patients with cardiorespiratory conditions and can have significant clinical implications.

There are different types of anoxia, including:

1. Cerebral anoxia: This occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen, leading to cognitive impairment, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
2. Pulmonary anoxia: This occurs when the lungs do not receive enough oxygen, leading to shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain.
3. Cardiac anoxia: This occurs when the heart does not receive enough oxygen, leading to cardiac arrest and potentially death.
4. Global anoxia: This is a complete lack of oxygen to the entire body, leading to widespread tissue damage and death.

Treatment for anoxia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide oxygen therapy, pain management, and other supportive care. In severe cases, anoxia can lead to long-term disability or death.

Prevention of anoxia is important, and this includes managing underlying medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory problems. It also involves avoiding activities that can lead to oxygen deprivation, such as scuba diving or high-altitude climbing, without proper training and equipment.

In summary, anoxia is a serious medical condition that occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the body or specific tissues or organs. It can cause cell death and tissue damage, leading to serious health complications and even death if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term disability or death.

There are several types of apnea that can occur during sleep, including:

1. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): This is the most common type of apnea and occurs when the airway is physically blocked by the tongue or other soft tissue in the throat, causing breathing to stop for short periods.
2. Central sleep apnea (CSA): This type of apnea occurs when the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing, resulting in a pause in breathing.
3. Mixed sleep apnea (MSA): This type of apnea is a combination of OSA and CSA, where both central and obstructive factors contribute to the pauses in breathing.
4. Hypopneic apnea: This type of apnea is characterized by a decrease in breathing, but not a complete stop.
5. Hypercapnic apnea: This type of apnea is caused by an excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can lead to pauses in breathing.

The symptoms of apnea can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but may include:

* Pauses in breathing during sleep
* Waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat
* Morning headaches
* Difficulty concentrating or feeling tired during the day
* High blood pressure
* Heart disease

Treatment options for apnea depend on the underlying cause, but may include:

* Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, avoiding alcohol and sedatives before bedtime, and sleeping on your side
* Oral appliances or devices that advance the position of the lower jaw and tongue
* Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which involves wearing a mask during sleep to deliver a constant flow of air pressure into the airways
* Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) therapy, which involves two levels of air pressure: one for inhalation and another for exhalation
* Surgery to remove excess tissue in the throat or correct physical abnormalities that are contributing to the apnea.

When the sinus node is not functioning properly, it can lead to an arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. This can cause a variety of symptoms, including palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. In some cases, sinus arrhythmia can be caused by underlying medical conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or cardiomyopathy.

There are several types of sinus arrhythmia, including:

* Sinus tachycardia: a rapid heart rate due to an overactive sinus node. This can be caused by stress, anxiety, or physical exertion.
* Sinus bradycardia: a slow heart rate due to a decreased activity in the sinus node. This can be caused by certain medications, age, or underlying medical conditions.
* Sinus arrest: a complete cessation of sinus node activity, leading to a stop in the heartbeat. This is a rare condition and can be caused by a variety of factors, including electrolyte imbalances or certain medications.

Treatment for sinus arrhythmia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, while in other cases, medication or procedures such as cardioversion or catheter ablation may be required. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as untreated sinus arrhythmia can lead to more serious complications such as stroke or heart failure.

Mitochondrial diseases can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender, and they can be caused by mutations in either the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or the nuclear DNA (nDNA). These mutations can be inherited from one's parents or acquired during embryonic development.

Some of the most common symptoms of mitochondrial diseases include:

1. Muscle weakness and wasting
2. Seizures
3. Cognitive impairment
4. Vision loss
5. Hearing loss
6. Heart problems
7. Neurological disorders
8. Gastrointestinal issues
9. Liver and kidney dysfunction

Some examples of mitochondrial diseases include:

1. MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes)
2. Kearns-Sayre syndrome (a rare progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and other organs)
3. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), which is characterized by weakness of the extraocular muscles and vision loss
4. Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, which can cause a wide range of symptoms including seizures, developmental delays, and muscle weakness.
5. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
6. Leigh syndrome, which is a rare genetic disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord.
7. LHON (Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy), which is a rare form of vision loss that can lead to blindness in one or both eyes.
8. Mitochondrial DNA mutation, which can cause a wide range of symptoms including seizures, developmental delays, and muscle weakness.
9. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
10. Kearns-Sayre syndrome, which is a rare progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and other organs.

It's important to note that this is not an exhaustive list and there are many more mitochondrial diseases and disorders that can affect individuals. Additionally, while these diseases are rare, they can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected and their families.

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a type of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing during sleep. This results in pauses in breathing, which can last for seconds or even minutes and can occur multiple times throughout the night.

CSA is different from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which occurs when the airway is physically blocked by a physical obstruction such as excess tissue in the throat. Instead, CSA is caused by a problem in the brain's respiratory control center, which can be due to various factors such as heart failure, stroke, or a brain tumor.

Symptoms of central sleep apnea may include:

* Pauses in breathing during sleep
* Waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat
* Morning headaches
* Fatigue and daytime sleepiness

Treatment for CSA usually involves addressing the underlying cause, such as treating heart failure or stroke. In some cases, therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) may be recommended to help regulate breathing during sleep.

It's important to note that CSA is a less common type of sleep apnea compared to OSA, and it's often misdiagnosed or overlooked. If you suspect you or your partner may have central sleep apnea, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The signs and symptoms of CE can vary depending on the location of the tumor, but they may include:

* Lumps or swelling in the neck, underarm, or groin area
* Fever
* Fatigue
* Weight loss
* Night sweats
* Swollen lymph nodes
* Pain in the affected area

CE is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to uncontrolled cell growth and division. The exact cause of the mutation is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to exposure to certain viruses or chemicals.

Diagnosis of CE typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as CT scans or PET scans, and biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options for CE depend on the stage and location of the tumor, but may include:

* Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
* Radiation therapy to shrink the tumor
* Surgery to remove the tumor
* Immunotherapy to boost the immune system's ability to fight the cancer

Overall, CE is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to improve outcomes.

Hypercapnia is a medical condition where there is an excessive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bloodstream. This can occur due to various reasons such as:

1. Respiratory failure: When the lungs are unable to remove enough CO2 from the body, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the bloodstream.
2. Lung disease: Certain lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pneumonia can cause hypercapnia by reducing the ability of the lungs to exchange gases.
3. Medication use: Certain medications, such as anesthetics and sedatives, can slow down breathing and lead to hypercapnia.

The symptoms of hypercapnia can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Headaches
2. Dizziness
3. Confusion
4. Shortness of breath
5. Fatigue
6. Sleep disturbances

If left untreated, hypercapnia can lead to more severe complications such as:

1. Respiratory acidosis: When the body produces too much acid, leading to a drop in blood pH.
2. Cardiac arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms can occur due to the increased CO2 levels in the bloodstream.
3. Seizures: In severe cases of hypercapnia, seizures can occur due to the changes in brain chemistry caused by the excessive CO2.

Treatment for hypercapnia typically involves addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms through respiratory support and other therapies as needed. This may include:

1. Oxygen therapy: Administering oxygen through a mask or nasal tubes to help increase oxygen levels in the bloodstream and reduce CO2 levels.
2. Ventilation assistance: Using a machine to assist with breathing, such as a ventilator, to help remove excess CO2 from the lungs.
3. Carbon dioxide removal: Using a device to remove CO2 from the bloodstream, such as a dialysis machine.
4. Medication management: Adjusting medications that may be contributing to hypercapnia, such as anesthetics or sedatives.
5. Respiratory therapy: Providing breathing exercises and other techniques to help improve lung function and reduce symptoms.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you or someone else may have hypercapnia, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Some common examples of respiration disorders include:

1. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe, caused by exposure to pollutants such as cigarette smoke.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways that can cause coughing and difficulty breathing.
5. Emphysema: A condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Sleep apnea: A sleep disorder that causes a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep, leading to fatigue and other symptoms.
7. Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory system and digestive system, causing thick mucus buildup and difficulty breathing.
8. Pulmonary fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
9. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Lung cancer: A type of cancer that originates in the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

These are just a few examples of respiration disorders, and there are many other conditions that can affect the respiratory system and cause breathing difficulties. If you are experiencing any symptoms of respiration disorders, it is important to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): This is the most common type of sleep apnea, caused by a physical blockage in the throat, such as excess tissue or a large tongue.
2. Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): This type of sleep apnea is caused by a problem in the brain's breathing control center.
3. Mixed Sleep Apnea: This type of sleep apnea is a combination of OSA and CSA.

The symptoms of sleep apnea syndromes can include:

* Loud snoring
* Pauses in breathing during sleep
* Waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat
* Morning headaches
* Difficulty concentrating or feeling tired during the day

If left untreated, sleep apnea syndromes can lead to serious health problems, such as:

* High blood pressure
* Heart disease
* Stroke
* Diabetes
* Depression

Treatment options for sleep apnea syndromes include:

* Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or quitting smoking
* Oral appliances, such as a mouthpiece to help keep the airway open
* Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which involves wearing a mask over the nose and/or mouth while sleeping to deliver a constant flow of air
* Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) therapy, which is similar to CPAP but delivers two different levels of air pressure
* Surgery, such as a tonsillectomy or a procedure to remove excess tissue in the throat.

It's important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have sleep apnea syndromes, as treatment can help improve your quality of life and reduce the risk of serious health problems.

There are several potential causes of hyperventilation, including anxiety, panic attacks, and certain medical conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Treatment for hyperventilation typically involves slowing down the breathing rate and restoring the body's natural balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

Some common signs and symptoms of hyperventilation include:

* Rapid breathing
* Deep breathing
* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Chest pain or tightness
* Shortness of breath
* Confusion or disorientation
* Nausea or vomiting

If you suspect that someone is experiencing hyperventilation, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Treatment may involve the following:

1. Oxygen therapy: Providing extra oxygen to help restore normal oxygen levels in the body.
2. Breathing exercises: Teaching the individual deep, slow breathing exercises to help regulate their breathing pattern.
3. Relaxation techniques: Encouraging the individual to relax and reduce stress, which can help slow down their breathing rate.
4. Medications: In severe cases, medications such as sedatives or anti-anxiety drugs may be prescribed to help calm the individual and regulate their breathing.
5. Ventilation support: In severe cases of hyperventilation, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support the individual's breathing.

It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of hyperventilation, as it can lead to more serious complications such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest if left untreated.

Example sentence: "The patient was diagnosed with lactic acidosis secondary to uncontrolled diabetes and was admitted to the intensive care unit for proper management."

There are two main types of heart failure:

1. Left-sided heart failure: This occurs when the left ventricle, which is the main pumping chamber of the heart, becomes weakened and is unable to pump blood effectively. This can lead to congestion in the lungs and other organs.
2. Right-sided heart failure: This occurs when the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs, becomes weakened and is unable to pump blood effectively. This can lead to congestion in the body's tissues and organs.

Symptoms of heart failure may include:

* Shortness of breath
* Fatigue
* Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
* Swelling in the abdomen
* Weight gain
* Coughing up pink, frothy fluid
* Rapid or irregular heartbeat
* Dizziness or lightheadedness

Treatment for heart failure typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Medications may include diuretics to remove excess fluid from the body, ACE inhibitors or beta blockers to reduce blood pressure and improve blood flow, and aldosterone antagonists to reduce the amount of fluid in the body. Lifestyle changes may include a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction techniques. In severe cases, heart failure may require hospitalization or implantation of a device such as an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

It is important to note that heart failure is a chronic condition, and it requires ongoing management and monitoring to prevent complications and improve quality of life. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, many people with heart failure are able to manage their symptoms and lead active lives.

There are several possible causes of hypoventilation, including:

1. Respiratory muscle weakness or paralysis: This can be due to a variety of conditions, such as muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal cord injury.
2. Chronic respiratory failure: This can be caused by conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, or pulmonary fibrosis.
3. Sleep apnea: Hypoventilation can occur during sleep due to the loss of muscle tone in the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles.
4. Anesthesia-induced hypoventilation: Some anesthetics can suppress the respiratory drive, leading to hypoventilation.
5. Drug overdose or intoxication: Certain drugs, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, can depress the central nervous system and lead to hypoventilation.
6. Trauma: Hypoventilation can occur in patients with severe injuries to the chest or abdomen that impair breathing.
7. Sepsis: Severe infections can cause hypoventilation by suppressing the respiratory drive.
8. Metabolic disorders: Certain metabolic disorders, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, can lead to hypoventilation.

Treatment of hypoventilation depends on the underlying cause and may include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and addressing any underlying conditions or complications. In some cases, hypoventilation may be a sign of a more severe condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent further complications and improve outcomes.

The term "decerebrate" comes from the Latin word "cerebrum," which means brain. In this context, the term refers to a state where the brain is significantly damaged or absent, leading to a loss of consciousness and other cognitive functions.

Some common symptoms of the decerebrate state include:

* Loss of consciousness
* Flaccid paralysis (loss of muscle tone)
* Dilated pupils
* Lack of responsiveness to stimuli
* Poor or absent reflexes
* Inability to speak or communicate

The decerebrate state can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Severe head injury
* Stroke or cerebral vasculature disorders
* Brain tumors or cysts
* Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis
* Traumatic brain injury

Treatment for the decerebrate state is typically focused on addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may involve medications to control seizures, antibiotics for infections, or surgery to relieve pressure on the brain. In some cases, the decerebrate state may be a permanent condition, and individuals may require long-term care and support.

Respiratory paralysis can manifest in different ways depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:

1. Difficulty breathing: Patients may experience shortness of breath, wheezing, or a feeling of suffocation.
2. Weakened cough reflex: The muscles used for coughing may be weakened or paralyzed, making it difficult to clear secretions from the lungs.
3. Fatigue: Breathing can be tiring and may leave the patient feeling exhausted.
4. Sleep disturbances: Respiratory paralysis can disrupt sleep patterns and cause insomnia or other sleep disorders.
5. Chest pain: Pain in the chest or ribcage can be a symptom of respiratory paralysis, particularly if it is caused by muscle weakness or atrophy.

Diagnosis of respiratory paralysis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyography (EMG), or nerve conduction studies (NCS). Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause but may include:

1. Medications: Drugs such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and anticholinergics can be used to manage symptoms and improve lung function.
2. Respiratory therapy: Techniques such as chest physical therapy, respiratory exercises, and non-invasive ventilation can help improve lung function and reduce fatigue.
3. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct anatomical abnormalities or repair damaged nerves.
4. Assistive devices: Patients with severe respiratory paralysis may require the use of assistive devices such as oxygen therapy, ventilators, or wheelchairs to help improve their quality of life.
5. Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can all be helpful in improving function and reducing disability.
6. Lifestyle modifications: Patients with respiratory paralysis may need to make lifestyle changes such as avoiding smoke, dust, and other irritants, getting regular exercise, and managing stress to help improve their condition.

Body weight is an important health indicator, as it can affect an individual's risk for certain medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy body weight is essential for overall health and well-being, and there are many ways to do so, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle changes.

There are several ways to measure body weight, including:

1. Scale: This is the most common method of measuring body weight, and it involves standing on a scale that displays the individual's weight in kg or lb.
2. Body fat calipers: These are used to measure body fat percentage by pinching the skin at specific points on the body.
3. Skinfold measurements: This method involves measuring the thickness of the skin folds at specific points on the body to estimate body fat percentage.
4. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): This is a non-invasive method that uses electrical impulses to measure body fat percentage.
5. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): This is a more accurate method of measuring body composition, including bone density and body fat percentage.

It's important to note that body weight can fluctuate throughout the day due to factors such as water retention, so it's best to measure body weight at the same time each day for the most accurate results. Additionally, it's important to use a reliable scale or measuring tool to ensure accurate measurements.

There are several types of respiratory insufficiency, including:

1. Hypoxemic respiratory failure: This occurs when the lungs do not take in enough oxygen, resulting in low levels of oxygen in the bloodstream.
2. Hypercapnic respiratory failure: This occurs when the lungs are unable to remove enough carbon dioxide from the bloodstream, leading to high levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
3. Mixed respiratory failure: This occurs when both hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure occur simultaneously.

Treatment for respiratory insufficiency depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and other supportive care measures. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be necessary. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of respiratory insufficiency are present, as early intervention can improve outcomes and prevent complications.

1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.

2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.

3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.

4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.

5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.

6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.

7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.

8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.

9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.

10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.

... (also called artificial respiration) is a means of assisting or stimulating respiration, a metabolic ... "Artificial Respiration". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15. "Artificial ... It was the standard method of artificial respiration taught in Red Cross and similar first aid manuals for decades, until mouth ... 2007 Dec;9(4):377-93 abstract Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artificial respiration. e-Medicine, article on mechanical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_ventilation

"Artificial Respiration". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15. "Artificial ... Artificial respiration takes many forms, but generally entails providing air for a person who is not breathing or is not making ... The efficiency of artificial respiration can be greatly increased by the simultaneous use of oxygen therapy. The amount of ... Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, a form of artificial ventilation, is the act of assisting or stimulating respiration in which a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth-to-mouth_resuscitation

He resumed artificial respiration. By the time Sekunda arrived, at around 11:30, Spencer had concluded that Mary was dead. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Spencer_(doctor)

Geddes, LA (2007). "The history of artificial respiration". IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. 26 (6): 38-41. ... "Artificial Lung on Wheels Prove Life Saver" Popular Mechanics, December 1930 photo of earliest production units from Boston ... Intermittent positive pressure respiration during the 1952 polio-epidemic in Copenhagen. Archived from the original on December ... 2006.[ISBN missing] Respiration Without Breathing - about the Thunberg "barospirator" built by John Emerson. "A medical triumph ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_lung

"Artificial Respiration for Two Years". The Lancet. 223 (5772): 786-788. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)92888-5. Dikeman, K J; ... The Pulsator provided life-saving treatment for many people in the early days of artificial ventilation. When the only ... Artificial ventilation Mechanical ventilation "Bragg-Paul Pulsator, model II, Europe, 1938-1939". Science Museum, London. ... Virdi, Jaipreet (4 May 2016). "The Pulsator: How a Portable Artificial Respirator Saved the Lives of Children". From the Hands ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg-Paul_Pulsator

He also gave artificial respiration. His assessment, however, was that Lincoln could not recover. By this time other surgeons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Leale

Some people require artificial respiration. Once the immediate problem is under control, rehabilitation may be required. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis

She is notable for creating the miniature pH electrode, her work on artificial respiration, and her pioneering work shaping the ... Mr S. Crosby Halahan, Bragg's neighbour and the inspiration for his respirator, was kept alive via artificial respiration for ... Kerridge, Phyllis Margaret Tookey (1934). "Artificial Respiration for Two Years". The Lancet. 223 (5772): 786-788. doi:10.1016/ ... Virdi-Dhesi, Jaipreet (May 2016). "The Pulsator: How a Portable Artificial Respirator Saved the Lives of Children". From the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllis_Margaret_Tookey_Kerridge

The doctors gave artificial respiration. Based on their reports, the cause of death was suffocation". It quickly became ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_11

Geddes, LA (2007). "The history of artificial respiration". IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. 26 (6): 38-41. ... They may have manual backup mechanisms to enable hand-driven respiration in the absence of power (such as the mechanical ... Artificial ventilation Iron lung (Tank ventilator) Liquid ventilator Open-source hardware Respiratory therapy SensorMedics high ... Russell WR, Schuster E, Smith AC, Spalding JM (April 1956). "Radcliffe respiration pumps". The Lancet. 270 (6922): 539-41. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilator

The first five chapters respectively deal with the effects which an artificial environment have on the heart, on respiration, ... the phenomena of respiration; and the primary use of respiration. The work, which is made up of some 100 pages, and written in ... Tractatus Mechanicus de Non Naturalibus (A Study on Artificial Mechanics; 1748) - This book in Latin was published in Avignon, ... It was entitled Dissertatio Physiologica de Respiratione, ejusque Uso Primario (Physiological Aspects of Respiration and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Demarco

Shaw, LA; Drinker, P (1929). "AN APPARATUS FOR THE PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION: I. A Design for Adults ... Shaw, LA; Drinker, P (1929). "AN APPARATUS FOR THE PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION: II. A Design for Small ... Drinker, P; Shaw, LA (1932). "The prolonged administration of artificial respiration". Journal of the Franklin Institute. 213 ( ... Shaw, LA (1928). "Cutaneous Respiration of the Cat". American Journal of Physiology. 85 (1): 158-67. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Agassiz_Shaw_Jr.

Artificial Respiration and Intrathoracic Œsophageal Surgery. Annals of surgery, 52(1), 58. Janeway, H. H., & Green, N. W. (1911 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Harrington_Janeway

Pulse of life: the story of artificial respiration and artificial circulation. Wellcome Collection (Motion picture). Santa ... Artificial respiration (instructional film demonstrating the Schafer method of artificial ventilation, 1927) Respiratory and ... "Artificial Respiration Technic for Infants and Small Children". U.S. Armed Forces Medical Journal. 8 (6): 851-4. 1957. Gordon, ... Baker, AB (1971). "Artificial respiration: the history of an idea". Medical History. 15 (4): 336-51. doi:10.1017/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cardiopulmonary_resuscitation

A. Barrington Baker (October 1971). "Artificial respiration, the history of an idea". Medical History. 15 (4): 336-351. doi: ... Furley, D, and J. Wilkie, 1984, Galen On Respiration and the Arteries, Princeton University Press, and Bylebyl, J (ed), 1979, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galen

Artificial Respiration, the history of an idea. A B Baker Med Hist. 1971 15(4): 336-351) "Holger Nielsen". Olympedia. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger_Nielsen

Didier agrees to stop the artificial respiration. Finally the band plays a song around Elise's deathbed. Johan Heldenbergh as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Broken_Circle_Breakdown

Baker, A. Barrington (1971). "Artificial respiration, the history of an idea". Medical History. 15 (4): 336-51. doi:10.1017/ ... The first detailed descriptions on tracheal intubation and subsequent artificial respiration of animals were from Andreas ... Galen may have understood the importance of artificial ventilation, because in one of his experiments he used bellows to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tracheal_intubation

... among them Respiración artificial (1980, trans. Artificial Respiration), La ciudad ausente (1992, trans. The Absent City), and ... Novels 1980 Artificial Respiration ("Respiración artificial") 1992 The Absent City ("La ciudad ausente") 1997 Burnt Money (" ... "La literariedad: Respiración artificial, de Ricardo Piglia", Revista Iberoamericana, University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A., vol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Piglia

195-207 Baker, AB (1971). "Artificial respiration: the history of an idea". Medical History. 15 (4): 336-51. doi:10.1017/ ... The first detailed descriptions of tracheal intubation and subsequent artificial respiration of animals were from Andreas ... 345-70 Booth, A. W. G.; Vidhani, K.; Lee, P. K.; Thomsett, C.-M. (2017-03-01). "SponTaneous Respiration using IntraVEnous ... SponTaneous Respiration using IntraVEnous anaesthesia and High-flow nasal oxygen (STRIVE Hi) is an open airway technique that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation

He was saved by Xia's protecter, a donkey called Azhu(阿柱). Azhu used artificial respiration to save him. When he woke up, He ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Spirit_Matchmaker

Sykes, A. H. (2006). "Edward Schafer (1850-1935) and artificial respiration". Journal of Medical Biography. 14 (3): 155-62. doi ... Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute (AIAI) Bayes Centre Centre for the History of the Book (CHB) Centre for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh

Schafer's method of artificial respiration is named after him. Schafer coined the word "insulin" after theorising the absence ... Writer, D. (2004). "Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer and his simple and efficient method of performing artificial respiration". ... Sykes, A. H. (2006). "Edward Schafer (1850-1935) and artificial respiration". Journal of Medical Biography. 14 (3): 155-62. doi ... artificial respiration) - Patient prone with forehead on one of his arms: straddle across patient with knees on either side of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer

Some of the soldiers required prolonged artificial respiration." At approximately this same time the sixteen DD tanks forming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_PC-552

"Artificial Respiration", The Village Voice, Sept. 10/31/95. (Tim Hawkinson). "Venetian Balls", The Village Voice, 7/4/95 (46th ... 9/17/96 "Artificial Respiration", The Village Voice, Sept. 10/31/95. Ronald Feldman Fine Arts. Exhibition documentation. 2006. ... "Artificial Respiration", (Tim Hawkinson), The Village Voice, 10/31/95 "Honest Fictions: Nedko Solakov", BE #3, Kunstlerhaus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Levin

Woodson provided artificial respiration to the three men, reviving them. Woodson was subsequently hospitalized due to his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverly_B._Woodson_Jr.

Tracheostomy and artificial respiration are essential in cases of respiratory failure. Necrosis is the outstanding feature of ... Three patients developed respiratory paralysis and were given artificial respiration; 2 recovered and 1 died. The fatal case ... tracheostomy and artificial respiration were performed immediately and antivenom was administered intravenously. Patient ... Many of the subspecies were later found to be artificial or composites. This causes much potential confusion when interpreting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cobra

U.S. Patent 859,778 Artificial Respiration (1907) U.S. Patent 978,641 Gas Generator I (1909) U.S. Patent 929,875 Gas Generator ... George Poe's machine for producing artificial respiration in the library of the Kings County Medical Society, at 1,313 Bedford ... Successful Demonstration of an Artificial Respiration Machine Cheered in Brooklyn. Women in the Audience, But Most of Those ... "An Artificial Respirator", Scientific American, June 22, 1907, page 515. "Smother Small Dog To See it Revived. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Poe

"Medical reform in Ukraine: artificial respiration for "Ambulance"" (in Ukrainian). Deutsche Welle. December 13, 2016. Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medicine_reform_in_Ukraine_since_2016

Shaw, LA; Drinker, P (1929). "An Apparatus for the Prolonged Administration of Artificial Respiration: I. A Design for Adults ... Shaw, LA; Drinker, P (1929). "An Apparatus for the Prolonged Administration of Artificial Respiration: II. A Design for Small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Drinker

One application is the creation of artificial derivatives from S. acidocaldarius proteins, named affitins. Intracellular ... their energy comes from the oxidation of sulfur and/or cellular respiration in which sulfur acts as the final electron acceptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolobus

The body undergoes aerobic respiration in order to provide sufficient delivery of O2 to the exercising skeletal muscles and the ... Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sports where it is considered to give an artificial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_doping

Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Vol. 19. pp. 65-82. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3218-9_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-3217-2. Genty ... is an effective and sensitive way to measure plant samples under ambient or artificial lighting conditions. However, since Y(II ... Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Vol. 19. pp. 713-736. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3218-9_28. ISBN 978-1-4020-3217-2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_fluorescence

Prosthetic approaches may include artificial larynges; or abdominal binders/corsets (to provide best posture for speech, and ... Depending on which nerves are damaged, flaccid dysarthria affects respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation. It also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaccid_dysarthria

Artificial Intelligence Remix) / Clouded Judgement (Integral, 2014) Ice Cold Soul / Conversations (Remixes) (C.I.A. Records, ... Respiration [with Submorphics] / Way Back When [with Submorphics] (Phunkfiction, 2008) String City (Fokuz, 2008) Ever So ... Artificial Intelligence Remix) / Clouded Judgement (Integral Records, 2014) Suggestions EP (with Random Movement & Kasper) ( ... 2014) LSB "Hurting" (Spearhead Records, 2015) Artificial Intelligence "What You Had" (Metalheadz, 2015) Calculon & Dave Owen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenzman

Among other things, it contains nuclei that control often voluntary but simple acts such as sleep, respiration, swallowing, ... artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy. The oldest method of studying the brain is anatomical, and until ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Rather as a laboratory rat learns how to find its way through an artificial maze, so a human child learns the verbal behaviour ... Since this applies to mammals in general, Homo sapiens are exceptional in harnessing mechanisms designed for respiration and ... In P. Harvey and P. Husbands (eds.), Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge, Massachusetts: ... Steels, L (1995). "A self-organizing spatial vocabulary". Artificial Life. 2 (3): 319-332. doi:10.1162/artl.1995.2.319. hdl: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_speech

Carpenter spoke of "the form of artificial somnambulism which is termed 'hypnotism' by Mr. Braid" (p. 148) The published ... and suppress his respiration." In his first publication (i.e., Satanic Agency and Mesmerism Reviewed, etc.), he had also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Braid_(surgeon)

... artificial respiration' routine (which nobody knows apparently how to do properly). After a prolonged procedure which looks ... and demands that the old man should be given proper artificial respiration treatment (by way of "rolling him about and pressing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Aid_(short_story)

To preserve their freshness for a few months with no artificial refrigeration, the chestnuts can be soaked in cold water for ... Chestnuts behave similarly to seeds in that they produce very little ethylene, and their respiration rate is low, varying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut

Candy corn is made primarily from sugar, corn syrup, artificial coloring and binders. It is generally thought that George ... respiration, and skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions, in the belief that deceptive ... 1937 Cyclamate Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener 30-50 times sweeter than sugar, making it the least potent of the ... 1891 Incandescent lamp One of the most dramatic improvements occurred in artificial lighting. Thomas Edison's development of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(1890–1945)

The woody tissues of S. amara have been found to respire at a rate of 1.24 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, and this rate of respiration ... Kelm, D. .; Wiesner, K. .; Von Helversen, O. . (2008). "Effects of artificial roosts for frugivorous bats on seed dispersal in ... Maintenance respiration was calculated at 31.1 μmol CO2 m−3 s−1 and this rate correlated positively with the sapwood volume. ... Ryan, M. G.; Hubbard, R. M.; Clark, D. A.; Sanford, R. L. (1994). "Woody-Tissue Respiration for Simarouba amara and Minquartia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simarouba_amara

Anaerobic and aerobic respiration in the soil influences the nutrient cycling of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and ... A constructed wetland is an artificial wetland to treat sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater. It may ... whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including ... "Long-term nutrient addition increases respiration and nitrous oxide emissions in a New England salt marsh". Ecology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland

Therapy, therefore, is usually mostly limited to supportive care, i.e. safeguarding hemodynamics, and respiration. Maintaining ... when artificial support usually becomes necessary to sustain life; the damage may or may not be fully or partially reversible. ... with the possible exception of single or multiple organ transplants or the use of artificial organs or organ parts, in certain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_organ_dysfunction_syndrome

The body was recovered, and artificial respiration was carried out by the chief first aid officer of the police division, who ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Fenella_(1881)

seem to be natural or artificial hybrids of a small number of core ancestral species, including the citron, pomelo, mandarin, ... Citrus fruits are nonclimacteric and respiration slowly declines and the production and release of ethylene is gradual. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus

This fat metabolization, while releasing energy, causes water to evaporate from the lungs during respiration (as oxygen is ... Scientists collected semen from a camel via an artificial vagina and inseminated a llama after stimulating ovulation with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel

In 1958, Arne Larsson in Sweden became the first patient to depend on an artificial cardiac pacemaker. He died in 2001 at age ... Animal or vital faculty controls respiration and emotion, coming from the heart. In the brain, the psychic faculty commands the ... respiration, humors and internal diseases. Basel: S. Karger. ISBN 978-3-8055-1016-5. Wallis F (2010). Medieval Medicine: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine

Though weakened and in extreme pain, Sp5 McWethy gave the wounded man artificial respiration but suffered a fourth and fatal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Lee_McWethy_Jr.

During tonic immobility, there are obvious changes in respiration including a decline in respiration rate, the rhythm becomes ... In beetles, artificial selection experiments have shown that there is heritable variation for length of death-feigning. Those ... Others think sharks have a series of compensatory mechanisms that work to increase respiration rates and lower stress. It has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_death

It measures bodily functions such as respiration, blush response, heart rate and eye movement in response to questions dealing ... artificial animals stand in for their extinct predecessors. This oppressive backdrop explains the frequently referenced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Runner

Also, it has been shown that the use of global signal regression can produce artificial correlations between a small number of ... Chang C, Glover GH (October 2009). "Relationship between respiration, end-tidal CO2, and BOLD signals in resting-state fMRI". ... respiration, and head motion. These confounding factors can often bias results in studies where patients are compared to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resting_state_fMRI

Subtidal light conditions can be estimated, with high accuracy, using artificial intelligence, enabling more rapid mitigation ... increased respiration, and smaller growth. Hypoxic conditions can eventually lead to seagrass die-off which creates a positive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass

The respiration rate was faster than the photosynthesis (possibly in part due to relatively low light penetration through the ... It is a 3.14-acre (1.27-hectare) structure originally built to be an artificial, materially closed ecological system, or ... The release rate of that soil carbon as carbon dioxide by respiration of soil microbes was an unknown that the Biosphere 2 ... Artificial ecosystems, Buildings and structures in Pinal County, Arizona, Articles containing video clips, Santa Catalina ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2

... which are used to establish connections to terminal electron acceptors during some types of anaerobic respiration. Further ... which functions at substantially lower voltages than the ones previously described and may allow the construction of artificial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_nanowires

... mostly under artificial respiration. LAAHD is one of approximately 40 Finnish heritage diseases. Families affected by these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_arthrogryposis_with_anterior_horn_cell_disease

These snails are difficult to keep alive in an artificial environment; however, they survived in aquaria at atmospheric ... Thioautotrophic gammaproteobacteria have a full set of genes required for aerobic respiration, and are probably capable of ... switching between the more efficient aerobic respiration, and the less efficient anaerobic respiration, depending on oxygen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaly-foot_gastropod

Artificial rupture of the membranes (AROM or ARM) ("breaking the waters") Extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI), in which a ... increases the risk of complications of prematurity including difficulties with respiration, infection, feeding, jaundice, ... Mechanical and physical approaches can include artificial rupture of membranes or membrane sweeping. Membrane sweeping may lead ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_induction

Intermittent positive pressure respiration during the 1952 polio-epidemic in Copenhagen. Archived from the original on 2007-12- ... "The treatment of ventilatory insufficiency after pulmonary resection with tracheostomy and prolonged artificial ventilation". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gunnar_Engström

Thirteenth Regional Committee for Europe: Stockholm, 17-20 September 1963: mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration: Red ... mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration: Red Cross point of view. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/360001

Artificial" by people in this website by year, and whether "Respiration, Artificial" was a major or minor topic of these ... Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to ... "Respiration, Artificial" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Respiration, Artificial" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/display/11939

Within three weeks, Demcon, with the help of VDL, managed to develop, manufacture and test a complete artificial respiration ... Three VDL companies are working hard on making hundreds of artificial respiration systems for our partner Demcon. ... manufacture and test a complete artificial respiration system in the Netherlands that can be used for artificial respiration ... Because of a sharp rise in demand for artificial respiration equipment as a result of the coronavirus, Demcon ramped up ...

https://www.vdlmastsolutions.nl/en/news/vdl-groep-helps-to-make-demcon-artificial-respiration-systems

EVKS Elangovan Treated In The ICU With Artificial Respiration. Vignesh Subbaian (Author) Published Date : Mar 22, 2023 12:11 ... it has been reported that Ilangovan is being treated in the intensive care unit after being fitted with artificial respiration ... It has been reported that Erode East MLA EVKS Elangovan is being treated with the help of artificial oxygen. ...

https://www.newsbricks.com/tamil-nadu/evks--elangovan-treated-in-the-icu--with-artificial-respiration/89965

Results of search for su:{Respiration, Artificial.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available items ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BRespiration%2C%20Artificial.%7D

... and administer artificial respiration if needed (8,9). Overdose prevention programs also must address IDUs fear that calling ... training in artificial respiration; and injecting in the presence of someone who can recognize an overdose, call emergency ... Heroin and other opiates are central nervous system depressants; in an opiate overdose, respiration slows, potentially ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4928a2.htm

Artificial respiration may be needed. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Refer for medical attention. See Notes. ...

http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_card_id=1390&p_version=2

Respiration, Artificial / methods * Retrospective Studies * Risk Assessment * Statistics, Nonparametric * Terminal Care / ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19429725/?dopt=Abstract

... artificial respiration for severe respiratory depression; a local miotic for mydriasis and cycloplegia; ice bags or other cold ... Maintain respiration. A short-acting barbiturate may be used for CNS excitement, but with caution to avoid subsequent ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c06c51ff-65ba-42c1-9dd8-e8d4a212981b

iv) artificial respiration - child and infant,. *. (v) choking - adult, child and infant, ...

https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/sor-2011-87/page-8.html

Artificial respiration may be needed. Skin. Serious skin burns. Pain. Redness. Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Remove ...

https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1464.htm

Apply artificial respiration if the victim is not breathing. Assist ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device if necessary. Do ... Ensure adequate respiration and pulse. Administer supplemental oxygen as required and establish intravenous access if necessary ... Quickly access a patent airway, ensure adequate respiration and palpable pulse. Stabilize the cervical spine with a collar and ... Quickly access a patent airway, ensure adequate respiration and pulse. If trauma is suspected, maintain cervical immobilization ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=349&toxid=62

It can serve as a means of artificial respiration. No more having to put your mouth on the nasty lips of a person in ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/drrob/15697

Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and partial least squares (PLS) regression models for predicting respiratory ... Physical-exercise; Monitoring-systems; Monitors; Models; Ventilation; Respiration; Respiratory-function-tests; Mathematical- ... The objective of this study was to assess the potential for using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict inspired minute ... models; Author Keywords: Artificial neural network; Partial least squares; Pulmonary ventilation; Exercise ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=anthropo%2A&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=22&RecNo=216&View=f&

breathing has stopped, begin artificial respiration.. Emergency measure - Eyes: Rinse with copious amounts of water for at ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/9563/9

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.. Seek immediate medical advice.. In case of skin contact: ...

https://www.americanelements.com/titanium-pellets-7440-32-6

If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention immediately.. In case of skin contact: In the event of ...

https://echa.europa.eu/es/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14980/9

... artificial respiration, mouth to mouth resuscitation; oxygen and helium therapy. CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATIONS AND NON-OPERATIVE ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/surveys/nhis/type_txt/core89.asp

4. Giving Artificial Respiration to Injured People. 5. Measures Taken in the Case of Circulatory Arrest. ...

https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0cdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-0l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-1-&a=d&c=cdl&cl=CL1.78&d=HASH01732552374d23dfc20cd85f

Examination of the larynx, if necessary (only if artificial respiration is possible) ...

https://www.css.ch/en/private-customers/my-health/health-glossary/conditions/epiglottitis.html

Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.*Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the ... give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical ...

https://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/erg/gn/117.html

Patients with breathing difficulties may need artificial respiration. Some people may need physical, speech, and occupational ...

https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html

01/01/1989 - "[Effects of doxapram on the response to hypercapnia: application to weaning from artificial ventilation in ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD004315.do

Topics include: Principles of Pharmacology; Medication Administration; Emergency Medications; Airway Management; Respiration; ... and Artificial Ventilation. 3. EMSP 2140Advanced Cardiovascular Concepts Weekly Contact Hours: Lecture - 3 Lab 2 - 2 Lab 3 - 0 ...

https://www.wiregrass.edu/course-catalog/current/programs/paramedicine-accelerated

If not breathing, begin artificial respiration. If no detectable pulse, begin Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. (CPR). Call for ...

https://www.edocr.com/v/dppnkrrd/globaldocuments/1618-silweld-pa-ec-msds-5-08pdf

Artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; Baby bottles; Breast pumps; Cases fitted for medical instruments; Chemically activated hot ... Apparatus for artificial respiration; Artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; Baby bottles; Breast pumps; Cases fitted for medical ... 010 - Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments, artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopedic articles ... Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments, artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopedic articles; ...

https://trademarks.justia.com/900/50/hopomv-90050871.html

5. They gave him artificial respiration. .. 6. Why didnt they offer him the job? ...

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=204

It severs the river into artificial segments, choking off the respiration that a naturally rising and falling river system ...

https://www.patagonia.com/stories/its-all-home-water-mississippi-clean/story-102114.html

Oxygen Ventilation Mechanical Intensive Victim Medical People Patients Equipment Means Treatment Case Search Save Hard Respiratory Method of artificial

Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2). (ouhsc.edu)
It has been reported that Erode East MLA EVKS Elangovan is being treated with the help of artificial oxygen. (newsbricks.com)
In this situation, it has been reported that Ilangovan is being treated in the intensive care unit after being fitted with artificial respiration to balance the oxygen level in the blood. (newsbricks.com)

Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and partial least squares (PLS) regression models for predicting respiratory ventilation: an exploratory study. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to assess the potential for using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict inspired minute ventilation [Formula: see text] during exercise activities. (cdc.gov)

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. (ouhsc.edu)

Within three weeks, Demcon, with the help of VDL, managed to develop, manufacture and test a complete artificial respiration system in the Netherlands that can be used for artificial respiration for corona patients in intensive care units. (vdlmastsolutions.nl)

Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. (environmentalchemistry.com)

Respiration, Artificial" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. (environmentalchemistry.com)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Respiration, Artificial" by people in this website by year, and whether "Respiration, Artificial" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Respiration, Artificial" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)

Patients with breathing difficulties may need artificial respiration. (medlineplus.gov)

Photo caption: VDL Industrial Modules employee shows the casing of the artificial respiration equipment for Demcon. (vdlmastsolutions.nl)
The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport will distribute the artificial respiration equipment across the hospitals. (vdlmastsolutions.nl)
Because of a sharp rise in demand for artificial respiration equipment as a result of the coronavirus, Demcon ramped up production considerably. (vdlmastsolutions.nl)

It can serve as a means of artificial respiration. (medpagetoday.com)

Respiration and respiratory treatment: a historical overview. (nih.gov)

In case of irregular breathing or respiratory arrest provide artificial respiration. (americanelements.com)

Results of search for 'su:{Respiration, Artificial. (who.int)

The man took the puppy artificial respiration and heart massage to save. (ukrhotnews.com)

Three VDL companies are working hard on making hundreds of artificial respiration systems for our partner Demcon. (vdlmastsolutions.nl)

Respiration and respiratory treatment: a historical overview. (nih.gov)

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy25

Organisms28

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care10

Twelfth rib resection as an approach for portal vein cannulation in sheep. (1/3997)

The impact of a multidisciplinary approach on caring for ventilator-dependent patients. (2/3997)

Trigeminal and carotid body inputs controlling vascular resistance in muscle during post-contraction hyperaemia in cats. (3/3997)

Renal and hemodynamic effects of losartan in conscious dogs during controlled mechanical ventilation. (4/3997)

Outcome for cancer patients requiring mechanical ventilation. (5/3997)

Continuous arterial P(O2) and P(CO2) measurements in swine during nitrous oxide and xenon elimination: prevention of diffusion hypoxia. (6/3997)

Early inhaled glucocorticoid therapy to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (7/3997)

An isolated perfused rat lung preparation. (8/3997)

No images available that match "respiration artificial"

Cell Respiration

Respiration

Oxygen Consumption

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Mitochondria

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Electron Transport

Oxygen

Mitochondria, Liver

Anaerobiosis

Antimycin A

Aerobiosis

Carbon Dioxide

Uncoupling Agents

Cyanides

Electron Transport Complex IV

Energy Metabolism

Oligomycins

Oxidation-Reduction

Succinates

Mitochondria, Muscle

Mitochondria, Heart

Mitochondrial Proteins

Adenosine Triphosphate

Nitrates

Succinic Acid

Carbon

Potassium Cyanide

Respiratory Rate

Cytochromes

Oxidoreductases

Polarography

Shewanella

Glycolysis

Photosynthesis

Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone

Adenosine Diphosphate

Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins

Rotenone

Electron Transport Complex I

Malates

NAD

Soil

Biomass

Atractyloside

Carbon Cycle

Respiratory Mechanics

2,4-Dinitrophenol

Tissues

Dinitrophenols

Succinate Dehydrogenase

Glucose

Fumarates

Respiratory Physiological Phenomena

Respiratory Physiological Processes

Reactive Oxygen Species

Nitrate Reductase

Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial

Ubiquinone

Kinetics

Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone

Mitochondrial Swelling

Temperature

Pyruvic Acid

Tetramethylphenylenediamine

Pyruvates

Citrate (si)-Synthase

Plant Leaves

Amobarbital

Citric Acid Cycle

Darkness

NADH Dehydrogenase

Electron Transport Complex II

Nitrogen

Time Factors

Trees

Models, Biological

Wolinella

Nitrate Reductases

Protons