AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cell RespirationRespirationOxygen ConsumptionCheyne-Stokes RespirationMitochondriaOxidative PhosphorylationElectron TransportOxygenMitochondria, LiverAnaerobiosisAntimycin AAerobiosisCarbon DioxideUncoupling AgentsCyanidesElectron Transport Complex IVEnergy MetabolismOligomycinsOxidation-ReductionSuccinatesMitochondria, MuscleMitochondria, HeartMitochondrial ProteinsAdenosine TriphosphateNitratesSuccinic AcidCarbonPotassium CyanideRespiratory RateCytochromesOxidoreductasesPolarographyShewanellaGlycolysisPhotosynthesisCarbonyl Cyanide p-TrifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazoneAdenosine DiphosphateElectron Transport Chain Complex ProteinsRotenoneElectron Transport Complex IMalatesNADSoilBiomassAtractylosideCarbon CycleRespiratory Mechanics2,4-DinitrophenolTissuesDinitrophenolsSuccinate DehydrogenaseGlucoseFumaratesRespiratory Physiological PhenomenaRespiratory Physiological ProcessesReactive Oxygen SpeciesNitrate ReductaseMembrane Potential, MitochondrialUbiquinoneKineticsCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl HydrazoneMitochondrial SwellingTemperaturePyruvic AcidTetramethylphenylenediaminePyruvatesCitrate (si)-SynthasePlant LeavesAmobarbitalCitric Acid CycleDarknessNADH DehydrogenaseElectron Transport Complex IINitrogenTime FactorsTreesModels, BiologicalWolinellaNitrate ReductasesProtonsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCytochrome c GroupDNA, MitochondrialMetabolismMembrane PotentialsCreatine Kinase, Mitochondrial FormMitochondrial ADP, ATP TranslocasesNitrite ReductasesSodium CyanideKetoglutaric AcidsCarbohydrate MetabolismMutationNitritesHydrogen PeroxideOxidative StressEcosystemAnoxiaHeart RateChemoreceptor CellsIntracellular Membranes
Cell Respiration
The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell.
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Oxygen Consumption
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.
Electron Transport
The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)
Oxygen
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Anaerobiosis
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Antimycin A
An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
Aerobiosis
Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.
Carbon Dioxide
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Uncoupling Agents
Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
Cyanides
Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.
Electron Transport Complex IV
A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Energy Metabolism
The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.
Oligomycins
A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Succinates
Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.
Mitochondria, Muscle
Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.
Mitochondria, Heart
The mitochondria of the myocardium.
Mitochondrial Proteins
Proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome or proteins encoded by the nuclear genome that are imported to and resident in the MITOCHONDRIA.
Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Nitrates
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
Succinic Acid
A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)
Carbon
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
Potassium Cyanide
A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes.
Respiratory Rate
The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.
Cytochromes
Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Polarography
An electrochemical technique for measuring the current that flows in solution as a function of an applied voltage. The observed polarographic wave, resulting from the electrochemical response, depends on the way voltage is applied (linear sweep or differential pulse) and the type of electrode used. Usually a mercury drop electrode is used.
Shewanella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which is often isolated from spoiling fish.
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Photosynthesis
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.
Adenosine Diphosphate
Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins
A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.
Rotenone
A botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.
Electron Transport Complex I
A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.
Malates
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Soil
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Biomass
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
Atractyloside
A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.
Carbon Cycle
The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.
Respiratory Mechanics
The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.
2,4-Dinitrophenol
A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Tissues
Collections of differentiated CELLS, such as EPITHELIUM; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; MUSCLES; and NERVE TISSUE. Tissues are cooperatively arranged to form organs with specialized functions such as RESPIRATION; DIGESTION; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENT; and others.
Dinitrophenols
Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.
Succinate Dehydrogenase
A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumarate. In most eukaryotic organisms this enzyme is a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex II.
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Fumarates
Compounds based on fumaric acid.
Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
Respiratory Physiological Processes
Biological actions and events that support the functions of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Nitrate Reductase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP.
Ubiquinone
A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone
A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.
Mitochondrial Swelling
An increase in MITOCHONDRIAL VOLUME due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Pyruvic Acid
An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Tetramethylphenylenediamine
Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.
Pyruvates
Citrate (si)-Synthase
Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Amobarbital
A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)
Citric Acid Cycle
A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.
Darkness
The absence of light.
NADH Dehydrogenase
A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In eukaryotes the enzyme can be found as a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex I. Under experimental conditions the enzyme can use CYTOCHROME C GROUP as the reducing cofactor. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.6.2.1.
Electron Transport Complex II
A flavoprotein oxidase complex that contains iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of SUCCINATE to fumarate and couples the reaction to the reduction of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol.
Nitrogen
An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Trees
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Wolinella
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the bovine RUMEN, the human gingival sulcus, and dental PULPITIS infections.
Nitrate Reductases
Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES.
Protons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Cytochrome c Group
A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)
DNA, Mitochondrial
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.
Metabolism
The chemical reactions that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism. These processes include both the biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) and the breakdown (CATABOLISM) of organic materials utilized by the living organism.
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form
A form of creatine kinase found in the MITOCHONDRIA.
Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases
A class of nucleotide translocases found abundantly in mitochondria that function as integral components of the inner mitochondrial membrane. They facilitate the exchange of ADP and ATP between the cytosol and the mitochondria, thereby linking the subcellular compartments of ATP production to those of ATP utilization.
Nitrite Reductases
A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.
Sodium Cyanide
A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.
Ketoglutaric Acids
A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Hydrogen Peroxide
A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Anoxia
Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Chemoreceptor Cells
Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.
Intracellular Membranes
Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.
Fermentation
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
Electron Transport Complex III
A multisubunit enzyme complex that contains CYTOCHROME B GROUP; CYTOCHROME C1; and iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to UBIQUINONE, and transfers the electrons to CYTOCHROME C. In MITOCHONDRIA the redox reaction is coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Respiratory Center
Part of the brain located in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and PONS. It receives neural, chemical and hormonal signals, and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the DIAPHRAGM and other respiratory muscles.
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Arrhythmia, Sinus
Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Adenine Nucleotides
Mitochondrial Membranes
The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Trityl Compounds
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.
Tidal Volume
The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.
Body Temperature Regulation
The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Cytochromes c
Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.
Acclimatization
Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Malonates
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Plant Roots
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases
A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Denitrification
Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle.
Sodium Azide
A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques
Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the breathing cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. The images are used diagnostically and also interventionally to coordinate radiation treatment beam on/off cycles to protect healthy tissues when they move into the beam field during different times in the breathing cycle.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Carbon Isotopes
Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.
Antimetabolites
Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
Hydrogen
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Light
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.
Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels
A family of voltage-gated eukaryotic porins that form aqueous channels. They play an essential role in mitochondrial CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, are often regulated by BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS, and have been implicated in APOPTOSIS.
Plant Stems
Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Ascaridia
A genus of nematode worms in the superfamily Heterakoidea. A. galli and A. lineata are important intestinal parasites of domestic fowl.
Submitochondrial Particles
The various filaments, granules, tubules or other inclusions within mitochondria.
Lactates
Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
Meclizine
A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.
Pulmonary Ventilation
The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.
Ion Channels
Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.
Adaptation, Physiological
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Valinomycin
A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.
Heterotrophic Processes
The processes by which organisms utilize organic substances as their nutrient sources. Contrasts with AUTOTROPHIC PROCESSES which make use of simple inorganic substances as the nutrient supply source. Heterotrophs can be either chemoheterotrophs (or chemoorganotrophs) which also require organic substances such as glucose for their primary metabolic energy requirements, or photoheterotrophs (or photoorganotrophs) which derive their primary energy requirements from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (AUTOTROPHY; heterotrophy; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrients and energy requirements.
Lactic Acid
A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Arsenates
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of arsenic acid.
Acetobacterium
A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Eubacteriaceae. Species are homoacetogenic, having the ability to use CARBON DIOXIDE as an electron sink, and to reduce it producing acetate as a typical fermentation product.
Creatine
An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
Spectrophotometry
The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.
Soil Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Environment, Controlled
A state in which the environs of hospitals, laboratories, domestic and animal housing, work places, spacecraft, and other surroundings are under technological control with regard to air conditioning, heating, lighting, humidity, ventilation, and other ambient features. The concept includes control of atmospheric composition. (From Jane's Aerospace Dictionary, 3d ed)
Amaranthus
A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE). Tumbleweed sometimes refers to Amaranthus but more often refers to SALSOLA.
Pinus sylvestris
A plant species of the genus PINUS which is the source of pinosylvin. It is sometimes called Scotch pine or Scots pine, which is also a common name for other species of this genus.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Adipose Tissue, Brown
A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Deglutition
The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.
Acer
A plant genus of the family ACERACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves.
Nitrogen Fixation
The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.
Salicylamides
Amides of salicylic acid.
Electrodes
Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.
Phosphocreatine
An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)
Cold Temperature
An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Proton Pumps
Integral membrane proteins that transport protons across a membrane. This transport can be linked to the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. What is referred to as proton pump inhibitors frequently is about POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE.
Proton-Motive Force
Energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work. Proton-motive force can be generated by a variety of phenomena including the operation of an electron transport chain, illumination of a PURPLE MEMBRANE, and the hydrolysis of ATP by a proton ATPase. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed, p171)
Heme
The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Inhalation
The act of BREATHING in.
Seawater
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Shewanella putrefaciens
A species of SHEWANELLA noted for its ability to reduce iron and manganese anaerobically.
Brain Stem
The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Pinus
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.
Iron-Sulfur Proteins
A group of proteins possessing only the iron-sulfur complex as the prosthetic group. These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation.
Ferric Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.
Glutamates
Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.
Sleep Apnea, Central
A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.
Partial Pressure
The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Biological Transport, Active
The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.
Glycerol
A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.
Rosales
An order of the ANGIOSPERMS, subclass Rosidae. Its members include some of the most known ornamental and edible plants of temperate zones including roses, apples, cherries, and peaches.
Phosphates
Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Diethylamines
Phenformin
A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
Geobacter
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Hot Temperature
Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.
Fatty Acids
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins
Proteins involved in the transport of specific substances across the membranes of the MITOCHONDRIA.
Creatine Kinase
A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.
Plant Proteins
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Medulla Oblongata
The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.
Thiosulfates
Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.
Carotid Body
A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.
Positive-Pressure Respiration
A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.
Xanthium
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name "prickly burweed" is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.
Cell Hypoxia
A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles. (1/5161)

Because the initial deposition pattern of inhaled particles of various toxic agents determines their future clearance and insult to tissue, respiratory tract deposition is important in assessing the potential toxicity of inhaled aerosols. Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles can be classified into three main areas: (1) the physics of aerosols, (2) the anatomy of the respiratory tract and (3) the airflow patterns in the lung airways. In the physics of aerosols, the forces acting on a particle and its physical and chemical properties, such as particle size or size distribution, density, shape, hygroscopic or hydrophobic character, and chemical reactions of the particle will affect the deposition. With respect to the anatomy of the respiratory tract, important parameters are the diameters, the lengths, and the branching angles of airway segments, which determine the deposition. Physiological factors include airflow and breathing patterns, which influence particle deposition. Various lung models used in predicting particle deposition are reviewed and discussed. The air-way structures of various animal species are compared, showing the unique structure of the human lung compared to the animal species under study. Regional deposition data in man and dog are reviewed. Recent deposition data for small rodents are presented, showing regional difference in deposition with the right apical lobe having the highest relative deposition.  (+info)

Neural changes after operant conditioning of the aerial respiratory behavior in Lymnaea stagnalis. (2/5161)

In this study, we demonstrate neural changes that occurred during operant conditioning of the aerial respiratory behavior of Lymnaea stagnalis. Aerial respiration in Lymnaea occurs at the water interface and is achieved by opening and closing movements of its respiratory orifice, the pneumostome. This behavior is controlled by a central pattern generator (CPG), the neurons of which, as well as the motoneurons innervating the pneumostome, have previously been identified and their synaptic connections well characterized. The respiratory behavior was operantly conditioned by applying a mechanical stimulus to the open pneumostome whenever the animal attempted to breathe. This negative reinforcement to the open pneumostome resulted in its immediate closure and a significant reduction in the overall respiratory activity. Electrophysiological recordings from the isolated CNSs after operant conditioning showed that the spontaneous patterned respiratory activity of the CPG neurons was significantly reduced. This included reduced spontaneous activity of the CPG interneuron involved in pneumostome opening (input 3 interneuron) and a reduced frequency of spontaneous tonic activity of the CPG interneuron [right pedal dorsal 1 (RPeD1)]. The ability to trigger the patterned respiratory activity by electrical stimulation of RPeD1 was also significantly reduced after operant conditioning. This study therefore demonstrates significant changes within a CPG that are associated with changes in a rhythmic homeostatic behavior after operant conditioning.  (+info)

Modeling breathing-zone concentrations of airborne contaminants generated during compressed air spray painting. (3/5161)

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict breathing-zone concentrations of airborne contaminants generated during compressed air spray painting in cross-flow ventilated booths. The model focuses on characterizing the generation and transport of overspray mist. It extends previous work on conventional spray guns to include exposures generated by HVLP guns. Dimensional analysis and scale model wind-tunnel studies are employed using non-volatile oils, instead of paint, to produce empirical equations for estimating exposure to total mass. Results indicate that a dimensionless breathing zone concentration is a nonlinear function of the ratio of momentum flux of air from the spray gun to the momentum flux of air passing through the projected area of the worker's body. The orientation of the spraying operation within the booth is also very significant. The exposure model requires an estimate of the contaminant generation rate, which is approximated by a simple impactor model. The results represent an initial step in the construction of more realistic models capable of predicting exposure as a mathematical function of the governing parameters.  (+info)

The respiratory responses of Carcinus maenas to declining oxygen tension. (4/5161)

The degree of respiratory independence shown by Carcinus under conditions of declining oxygen tension is dependent on the animal's level of activity. Inactive Carcinus are capable of maintaining respiratory independence down to a Po2 of 60-80 mmHg. This is achieved primarily by an increase in ventilation volume such that the amount of oxygen made available at the respiratory surfaces remains constant over a wide range of oxygen tension. The Po2 at which this can no longer be maintained corresponds closely to the Po2 at which respiratory independence is lost. Under normoxic conditions the Po2 of the post- and prebranchial blood was 97 and 18 mmHg respectively. At the high oxygen tensions prevailing in the postbranchial blood the respiratory pigment is fully saturated. Under conditions of declining oxygen tension the heart rate remains more or less constant until the Po2 reaches 60-80 mmHg, the onset of bradycardia coinciding with the loss of saturation of the haemocyanin. Although cardiac output falls during hypoxia, the capacity rate ratio remains approximately constant, which enables the effectiveness of oxygen uptake by the blood to remain at a high level.  (+info)

Importance of air and water breathing in relation to size of the African lungfish Protopterus amphibius Peters. (5/5161)

1. Oxygen uptakes from air and water have been measured in relation to weight of the African lungfish Protopterus amphibius Peters. 2. Combined O2 uptake from air and water ranged from 60 ml O2 kg-1 h-1 STPD, in a 3-7 g specimen, to 30 ml O2kg-1 h-1, in a 255 g specimen. 3. While the combined O2 uptake changed by a factor of 2, within the weight range under study, the aquatic O2 uptake changed 8-fold within the same range. The smaller fish satisfy 70% of their O2 requirement by aquatic breathing compared to 10-15% in the grown specimens. 4. The pattern of bimodal breathing in P. amphibius is discussed in relation to the natural habitat of the species.  (+info)

Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: effect of glucose ingestion. (6/5161)

1. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate whether glucose ingestion during prolonged exercise reduces whole body muscle glycogen oxidation, (2) to determine the extent to which glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized during exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion and (3) to obtain an estimate of gluconeogenesis. 2. After an overnight fast, six well-trained cyclists exercised on three occasions for 120 min on a bicycle ergometer at 50 % maximum velocity of O2 uptake and ingested either water (Fast), or a 4 % glucose solution (Lo-Glu) or a 22 % glucose solution (Hi-Glu) during exercise. 3. Dual tracer infusion of [U-13C]-glucose and [6,6-2H2]-glucose was given to measure the rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose, muscle glycogen oxidation, glucose carbon recycling, metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and non-oxidative disposal of glucose. 4. Glucose ingestion markedly increased total Ra especially with Hi-Glu. After 120 min Ra and rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose were 51-52 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Fast, 73-74 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Lo-Glu and 117-119 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Hi-Glu. The percentage of Rd oxidized was between 96 and 100 % in all trials. 5. Glycogen oxidation during exercise was not reduced by glucose ingestion. The vast majority of glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized and MCR increased markedly with glucose ingestion. Glucose carbon recycling was minimal suggesting that gluconeogenesis in these conditions is negligible.  (+info)

Evaluation of passive smoking by measuring urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. (7/5161)

No method has yet been established to evaluate the exposure to tobacco smoke in passive smoking (PS). We therefore conducted a study on the possibility that the levels of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA) and the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) could be indices of the passive exposure to tobacco smoke. The moderate correlation was observed between urinary MA levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. The mean urinary MA level of the PS (+) group was significantly higher than that with the PS (-) group. Among the PS (+) group, the mean MA level in the urine obtained in the afternoon was higher than that obtained in the morning. A high correlation was observed between the exhaled CO levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. Like the urinary MA level, the mean exhaled CO level in the PS (+) group, too, gave a significantly higher level than in the PS (-) group. Because the biological half life of MA (7.5 +/- 0.85 h) was longer than that of CO (3.0 +/- 0.36 h), the measurement of urinary MA level is recommended for evaluating the exposure of passive smoking. The measurement of exhaled CO levels is useful only for chain smokers and nonsmokers with PS just before measurement.  (+info)

Depression of peripheral chemosensitivity by a dopaminergic mechanism in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. (8/5161)

In the present study, respiratory drives to chemical stimuli and peripheral chemosensitivity were evaluated in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS). The effects of oral administration of domperidone, a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, were also examined, to study the respiratory effects of endogenous dopamine on peripheral chemoreceptors. Sixteen patients with OSAS and nine normal control subjects were studied. Respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were measured using the rebreathing method and isocapnic progressive hypoxia method, respectively. The hypoxic withdrawal test, which measures the decrease in ventilation caused by two breaths of 100% O2 under mild hypercapnic hypoxic conditions (end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions approximately 8.0 kPa and 5.3-6.7 kPa, respectively), was used to evaluate peripheral chemosensitivity. In the patients with OSAS, ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were significantly decreased compared with those of control subjects. Hypoxic withdrawal tests showed that peripheral chemosensitivity was significantly lower in patients with OSAS than in normal subjects. Hypercapnic ventilatory response and peripheral chemosensitivity were enhanced by administration of domperidone in the patients with OSAS, although no changes in either of these were observed in the control subjects. The hypoxic ventilatory response and peripheral chemosensitivity in the patients with OSAS were each significantly correlated with severity of hypoxia during sleep. These findings suggest that peripheral chemosensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may be decreased as a result of abnormality in dopaminergic mechanisms and that the reduced chemosensitivity observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may affect the severity of hypoxia during sleep.  (+info)

US Patent for Method and system for controlling patient sedation and spontaneous breathing intensity Patent (Patent # 10,780...US Patent for Method and system for controlling patient sedation and spontaneous breathing intensity Patent (Patent # 10,780...
A system for controlling patient sedation and spontaneous breathing intensity includes a ventilator system that delivers ventilation to the patient. The system further includes a spontaneous breathing control module configured to determine a first spontaneous breathing intensity at a first sedative status of the patient, and a second spontaneous breathing intensity at a second sedative status of the patient. A sedation/breathing relationship is then defined between spontaneous breathing intensity and sedative status for the patient based on the first and second sedative statuses and the first and second spontaneous breathing intensities. The spontaneous breathing control module then receives a desired spontaneous breathing intensity for the patient and determines a desired sedative status that achieves that desired spontaneous breathing intensity based on the sedation/breathing relationship.
https://patents.justia.com/patent/10780239
Impacts of Cellular Respiration on Global Warming - Term Paper | College Term PaperImpacts of Cellular Respiration on Global Warming - Term Paper | College Term Paper
Impacts of Cellular Respiration on Global Warming - Term Paper - Over the past 100 years, the surface of the earth has warmed by approximately 0.5 C. This effect is called global warming. Scientists believe global
https://termpapernow.com/samples/impacts-of-cellular-respiration-on-global-warming-term-paper-4183/
The Effect of substrate on the Rate of Respiration on Yeast Sample Example | GraduatewayThe Effect of substrate on the Rate of Respiration on Yeast Sample Example | Graduateway
Get help on 【 The Effect of substrate on the Rate of Respiration on Yeast Sample 】 on Graduateway ✅ Huge assortment of FREE essays & assignments ✅ The best writers!
https://graduateway.com/the-effect-of-substrate-on-the-rate-of-respiration-on-yeast-essay-sample-3231/
The effects of posture on the metabolic and ventilatory response to low level steady state exercise | Clinical Science |...The effects of posture on the metabolic and ventilatory response to low level steady state exercise | Clinical Science |...
1. Low level exercise is frequently used to assess cardiac and pulmonary function. This study examines the differences in both metabolic and respiratory patterns between the sitting and supine position.. 2. Six normal male subjects were studied in both positions during four levels of exercise (12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 W). Oxygen consumption (Vo2), carbon dioxide production (Vco2) and minute ventilation (Ve2) were greater when sitting as were the ventilatory equivalents to O2 (Ve2/ Vo2) and CO2 (Ve2/ Vco2).. 3. Respiration was compared at equivalent workloads; the greater minute ventilation observed during sitting was due to greater tidal volumes (Vt) and mean inspiratory flows (Vt/Vi,). Expiratory time (Te) was longer and inspiratory duration shorter under most conditions when sitting.. 4. When breathing patterns were compared at similar degrees of minute ventilation, Vt, Te and Vt/Ti were greater when sitting, while respiratory frequency (fr) was slower. ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/71/5/553/74243/The-effects-of-posture-on-the-metabolic-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Body temperature and respiratory dynamics in un-shaded beef cattle - UQ eSpaceBody temperature and respiratory dynamics in un-shaded beef cattle - UQ eSpace
Gaughan, J. B. and Mader, T. L. (2013) Body temperature and respiratory dynamics in un-shaded beef cattle. International Journal of Biometeorology, 58 7: 1443-1450. doi:10.1007/s00484-013-0746-8 ...
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:324846
Breathing Cycle Biofeedback During Computed Tomography Procedures - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govBreathing Cycle Biofeedback During Computed Tomography Procedures - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a flexible belt device in guiding patient breathing during computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy. When patients undergo CT scanning to help guide the physician during a tissue biopsy, they are usually asked to hold their breath while the scan is taken of certain parts of the body. When the first scan is completed, the patients are allowed to breathe, and are then asked to hold their breath again while the needle is advanced towards the tissue to be biopsied. Since body organs and tissues move with breathing, this study will try to stop the patients breathing at the same place in the breathing cycle to ensure that the biopsy target stays still and in the same place. This study will see if the flexible belt, used with a computer screen that charts the patients breathing, will improve the patients ability to stop breathing at the same place in the breathing cycle before and during the biopsy.. Patients 18 years of age and older who have a ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00059137
BiLevel ST | www.Cephalon.euBiLevel ST | www.Cephalon.eu
The SleepCube BiLevel ST device is designed to enhance the breathing of patients with spontaneous respiration. Unlike ventilators, it will not completely take over the breathing for the patient, but instead helps a patient who has chronic respiratory failure, difficulty breathing, or obstructive sleep apnoea; it is administered via a mask and is not invasive.. The device automatically synchronises with the patients respiratory pattern, cycling between IPAP and EPAP (breathe in and breathe out).. The BiLevel ST can also be set to a timed mode, where the clinician sets the BPM (breaths per minute) and %IPAP; or it can be set to a combination of Spontaneous and Timed operation, where the unit cycles in response to the patients breathing rate, but switches to the timed operation if the patient fails to take a breath within the timed interval.. ...
http://www.cephalon.dk/products/cpap/bilevel-st/nggallery/thumbnails
Respiratory Movement Correction in Emission Tomography - InriaRespiratory Movement Correction in Emission Tomography - Inria
In emission tomography, the process of image reconstruction has evolved since the utilization of the filtered back projection algorithm (FBP). Nowadays, iterative techniques incorporating statistical knowledge of the photon emission process has produced much interest among researchers, not only for the improvements achieved in image quality, but also by the possibility of incorporate corrections factors, like scattering, attenuation, etc. One of the problems that has not been discussed in depth is the incorporation of correction methodologies due to patient breathing, which produces blur regions in lungs and cardiac images. Solutions like respiratory gating, that synchronize the breathing cycle of the patient and the data acquisition process, or correlated dynamic PET techniques that use external radioactive markers and list mode data, have been tested with improvements over the spatial activity distribution in lungs lesions, but with the disadvantages of requiring extra hardware or more expensive
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070721
The Reproducibility of the Rebreathing Method for Assessing the Respiratory Response to Inhaled CO2 | Clinical Science |...The Reproducibility of the Rebreathing Method for Assessing the Respiratory Response to Inhaled CO2 | Clinical Science |...
J. R. W. Lyall, P. R. Bourne, I. R. Cameron; The Reproducibility of the Rebreathing Method for Assessing the Respiratory Response to Inhaled CO2. Clin Sci Mol Med 1 September 1975; 49 (3): 8P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs049008Pa. Download citation file:. ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/49/3/8P/71917/The-Reproducibility-of-the-Rebreathing-Method-for?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The Effect Of Substrate On The Rate Of Respiration On Yeast EssayThe Effect Of Substrate On The Rate Of Respiration On Yeast Essay
The more the enzyme of a particular substrate, the faster the rate of breakdown and therefore the more CO2 is produced. This will help me to test how much CO2 each substrate produces. Yeast can also respire aerobically and anerobically depending on the availability of O2.
https://dogezuhazesy.sgtraslochi.com/the-effect-of-substrate-on-the-rate-of-respiration-on-yeast-essay-36434nt.html
A Question on Respiratory Rate | Apnea BoardA Question on Respiratory Rate | Apnea Board
(09-05-2016, 06:45 PM)rich2905 Wrote: Hi I am running on fixed 15 still as shown in pic below. I have not included pressure in graph as they are fixed. The mask pressure stays about 13+ And pressure i
http://www.apneaboard.com/forums/Thread-A-Question-on-Respiratory-Rate?page=2
Variable Breathing - Apnea Board WikiVariable Breathing - Apnea Board Wiki
Philips Respironics patent US7168429B2 describes variable breathing as a breathing control layer in the auto CPAP, that monitors the flow signal to determine whether the patient is experiencing erratic breathing, and causes the pressure generating system to adjust the pressure of the flow of breathing gas responsive to detection of erratic breathing. The variable breathing algorithm seeks to develop a peak inspiratory flow trend on a 4 minute moving average, and measure the deviation above or below that trend. The system is designed to identify variable breathing and to turn over control of the pressure support system, from the auto CPAP controller to the Variable Breathing controller. Without figures, we dont know what that controller response is, but it seems if VB is detected while the pressure is steady, the VB controller will maintain that pressure, but if pressure was increasing before VB controller took control, the pressure is reduced up to 2-cm. Similarly if pressure was decreasing ...
https://www.apneaboard.com/wiki/index.php/Variable_Breathing
CNR-PUMA PUblication MAnagementCNR-PUMA PUblication MAnagement
In this paper, we describe a computer program (RESP-24) specifically devised to assess the prevalence and characteristics of breathing disorders in ambulant chronic heart failure patients during the overall 24 h period. The system works on a single channel respiratory signal (RS) recorded through a Holter-like portable device. In the pre-processing stage RESP-24 removes noise, baseline drift and motion artefacts from the RS using a non-linear filter, enhances respiratory frequency components through high-pass filtering and derives an instantaneous tidal volume (ITV) signal. The core processing is devoted to the identification and classification of the breathing pattern into periodic breathing (PB), normal breathing or non-classifiable breathing using a 60 s segmentation, and to the identification and estimation of apnea and hypopnea events. Sustained episodes of PB are detected by cross analysis of both the spectral content and time behavior of the ITV signal. User-friendly interactive ...
http://puma.isti.cnr.it/publichtml/section_cnr_ifc/cnr_ifc_2002-A0-037.html
Ventilation Vs Spontaneous Ventilation - Respiration and Cardiovascular SystemVentilation Vs Spontaneous Ventilation - Respiration and Cardiovascular System
Watch the video lecture Ventilation Vs Spontaneous Ventilation - Respiration and Cardiovascular System and prepare for your medical exams with high-yield content ✓ & quiz questions ✓ now!
https://www.lecturio.com/medical-courses/ventilation-vs-spontaneous-ventilation-respiration-and-cardiovascular-system.lecture
Modeling and analysis of radiation therapy system with respiratory compensation using Uppaal - Murdoch Research RepositoryModeling and analysis of radiation therapy system with respiratory compensation using Uppaal - Murdoch Research Repository
The goal of radiation therapy is to give as much dose as possible to the exact target location and minimizing any dose to a normal tissue. Advances of Cyber-physical control systems allow planning and provide very accurate treatments. However, the current technology does not sufficiently compensate a respiratory movement that is especially important in case of lung (area) cancer. In this paper we present a model of radiation treatment system developed to analyze a system that compensates respiratory motion. We use Uppaal, an integrated tool environment for modeling, validation and verification of real-time systems modeled as networks of timed automata, extended with data types (bounded integers, arrays, etc.).. ...
http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/4848/
GLOSSARY: RESPIRATION - ppt downloadGLOSSARY: RESPIRATION - ppt download
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM GLUCOSE ENERGY + HEAT + LACTIC ACID AEROBIC RESPIRATION: Involves the use of OXYGEN and GLUCOSE. It RELEASES ENERGY C02 and HEAT GLUCOSE + OXYGEN (O2) CARBON DIOXIDE (C02) + WATER (H2O) + ENERGY + HEAT ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: Involves the use of GLUCOSE. It RELEASES ENERGY C02, HEAT & LACTIC ACID GLUCOSE ENERGY + HEAT + LACTIC ACID KEY TERMS: INSPIRED AIR COMPOSITION is 79% NITROGEN / 20% O2 / and 0.4% CO2. EXPIRED AIR COMPOSITION is 79% NITROGEN / 16% O2 / and 4% CO2. FREQUENCY (Breathing Rate) is the NUMBER of times you INSPIRE & EXPIRE in 1 MINUTE TIDAL VOLUME: The amount of AIR that can be INSPIRED or EXPIRED during NORMAL breathing VITAL CAPACITY (Lung Volume): The MAXIMUM amount of AIR that can be EXPIRED after a DEEP INSPIRATION GASEOUS EXCHANGE: is the process of EXCHANGING O2 and CO2 at the LUNGS and the WORKING MUSCLES OXYGEN DEBT: Is the amount of OXYGEN required during RECOVERY ABOVE the amount of OXYGEN that you would normally require AT REST
http://slideplayer.com/slide/1466393/
Our Days of Breathing Rhythms - Sparkle StoriesOur Days of Breathing Rhythms - Sparkle Stories
What if stopping to breathe was the game changer you needed? What if it was a piece of the magic? A key? What if you could orchestrate your days so that breathing through them solved the management mode you are stuck in?
https://www.sparklestories.com/blog/post/our-days-of-breathing-rhythms/
Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a...Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a...
Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls body functions and internal organ rhythms when animals are exposed to emotional challenges and changes in their living environments. In general exp …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29658939/?holding=f1000
Weekly Test on Respiration In PlantsWeekly Test on Respiration In Plants
Take Free test on - Respiration In Plants - AIPMT. Check out your performance on Respiration In Plants chapter by attempting this test
https://www.simplylearnt.com/attempt/weekly_test/Respiration-In-Plants-AIPMT
Road Runner SportsRoad Runner Sports
Although there are a couple of other reviews that report issues with small size, there are a few who say it fits perfect. Who knows, perhaps there have been several people at the factory out sick and those filling in are getting the size tags mixed up??? This style in a 32C was either overall very small or was marked very wrong. Even with the band set at the widest hooks, it cut into my ribs & constricted chest expansion during normal breathing at rest. It was so snug that it made me look as if I had another set of breasts growing out from my axila. With the very least amount of hook & Loop contact to keep the straps secure (1/2), the straps were still WAY too short. - When your breasts are lifted up a smidge too close to your throat, its not a good look. I liken it to the Goiter Look. Thats a bit more support than I prefer. HA! Ill have to try again - ...
http://www.roadrunnersports.com/rrs/products/MCL364/womens-moving-comfort-jubralee/?cc=PEPRFZ
Plus itPlus it
FEV1 is largely used to evaluate the bronchodilators response in COPD patients, but under conditions that do not reflect the usual ventilatory constraints. In humans, tidal spontaneous ventilation (VE) exhibits breath-by-breath variability and features mathematical complexity that is compatible with a chaotic structure. Breath-by-breath variability and nonlinear complexity have already been shown to be reliable mathematical biomarkers to describe the ventilatory flow in COPD patients during resting spontaneous breathing (Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 185: 477-80). The current work aims at evaluating the resting ventilatory flow by applying a new technique called anharmonic morphological analysis of the respiratory signals (AMARS) which produces objective, accurate and specific measures of the shape of the ventilatory flow.. 24 stable COPD patients were studied (16 males; 40-86 years old; FEV1 = 71±21% pred). Resting VE was recorded for 5-10 minutes before and after a short-acting inhaled ...
http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/Suppl_58/P3546
Patent US7510531 - System and method for discrimination of central and obstructive disordered ... - Google PatentsPatent US7510531 - System and method for discrimination of central and obstructive disordered ... - Google Patents
Disordered breathing events may be classified as central, obstructive or a combination of central an obstructive in origin based on patient motion associated with respiratory effort. Central disordered breathing is associated with disrupted respiration with reduced respiratory effort. Obstructive disordered breathing is associated with disrupted respiration accompanied by respiratory effort. A disordered breathing classification system includes a disordered breathing detector and a respiratory effort motion sensor. Components of the disordered breathing classification system may be fully or partially implantable.
http://www.google.com/patents/US7510531?dq=6,183,366
The vertical excursion of the body visceral mass during vertical jumps is affected by specific respiratory maneuver -...The vertical excursion of the body visceral mass during vertical jumps is affected by specific respiratory maneuver -...
Dive into the research topics of The vertical excursion of the body visceral mass during vertical jumps is affected by specific respiratory maneuver. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/the-vertical-excursion-of-the-body-visceral-mass-during-vertical-/fingerprints/
Breathing Pattern Disorders | Collins Strength and ConditioningBreathing Pattern Disorders | Collins Strength and Conditioning
Full article here Breathing Pattern Disorders I was very fortunate to attend an intimately small workshop with Leon Chaitow last week discussing manual therapy approaches to breathing pattern disorders. I have not been shy about sharing how much I have learned from Chaitow and his extensive body of work, so spending a day with him was…
https://josephpcollins53.wordpress.com/2013/05/29/breathing-pattern-disorders-2/
Fentanyl Disposition in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma and Its Relationship to Ventilatory Depression in the Dog |...Fentanyl Disposition in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma and Its Relationship to Ventilatory Depression in the Dog |...
We have emailed you at with instructions on how to set up a new password. If you do not receive an email in the next 24 hours, or if you misplace your new password, please contact:. ASA members: ...
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1959193
INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN Nursing Care PlanINEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN Nursing Care Plan
Ineffective breathing pattern may also occur when the patient is experiencing pain located in the chest, so you must assess for concomitant pain and discomfort that may restrict limit respiratory effort. Positioning may help or prevent this situation, so encourage the patient position of comfort of by elevating the head of the bed or have client to sit up in chair, as appropriate to promote physiologic ease of maximal inspiration. Note: if immobility is a factor, you need to reposition the patient atleast every two hours. ...
http://www.ncpmania.com/2012/06/ineffective-breathing-pattern.html
Jourhavande HistorikerJourhavande Historiker
view us for this new Jourhavande to adhere actual care on getting and scaling emphasis mortality profile spambots on Seahorse XF Analyzers; how to take and promote compatible and proper way; and happening and leading Current interviews of Infectious AbstractNew notifications. service by available themes, possible as processes, is a access of things, in which IgE has a Extremal preview. There suggest even more respiratory movements, financial as IgG, which is in the Case for an Indian community, and requires used to offer this adult someone.
http://pandgs.com/cms/wp-includes/Text/library.php?q=Jourhavande-historiker/
Clinical Trials Registry | Internet Stroke CenterClinical Trials Registry | Internet Stroke Center
Intervention phase was performed in two different days, each day for only one PET techniques (VIS or BS), with a minimal wash-out period of one day according to the randomization sequence. Optoelectronic Pletysmography (OEP) was recorded during quite breathing at rest and during the execution of five maneuvers form each PET technique tested. ...
http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/clinicalstudies/dynamic-ventilatory-and-asymmetry-of-the-chest-wall-during-breath-stacking-and-volume-oriented-incentive-spirometer/description
Breathing ProblemsBreathing Problems
If you listen closely, youll notice that your babys breathing isnt like yours. Babies breathe much more frequently and with different patterns than adults. Heres how to recognize normal breathing in your infant - and how to spot signs of respiratory distress.
https://healthlibrary.harrishealth.org/RelatedItems/90,P02666
Breathing ProblemsBreathing Problems
If you listen closely, youll notice that your babys breathing isnt like yours. Babies breathe much more frequently and with different patterns than adults. Heres how to recognize normal breathing in your infant-and how to spot signs of respiratory distress.
http://muschealth.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/NormalNewborn/90,P02666
Deep breathing does help stress | Dr. Jeffrey TuckerDeep breathing does help stress | Dr. Jeffrey Tucker
Can a few deep breaths really help calm down your stress level? Absolutely. And scientists have even studied how it works... Deep abdominal breathing stimulates
https://drjeffreytucker.com/2011/04/deep-breathing-does-help-stress/
Difficult or Labored Breathing in DogsDifficult or Labored Breathing in Dogs
Dogs who are having trouble breathing are usually very stressed and anxious. Avoid doing anything that might cause additional stress to your dog (e.g., chasing your dog, restraining him/her while he/she is struggling to get away from you ...
https://www.maddiesfund.org/kb-difficult-or-labored-breathing-in-dogs.htm?p=topic1018
Appraising Your Pets Health Series- Respiration | Dog Grooming ShopAppraising Your Pets Health Series- Respiration | Dog Grooming Shop
Many dogs breathe 10 to 30 times per minute;for cats, the rate is 10 to 40 times a minute. Dogs who are hot or exercising breathe faster and may pant up to 200 breathes per minute. Panting and open-mouthed breathing are considered danger signs in cats because they dont use panting routinely as a means to cool off the way dogs do. ...
https://www.doggroomingshop.net/index.php/2015/12/17/appraising-your-pets-health-series-respiration/
Capnostream™ 35 Portable Respiratory Monitor | Medtronic (AU)Capnostream™ 35 Portable Respiratory Monitor | Medtronic (AU)
The Capnostream™ 35 portable respiratory monitor delivers real-time, continuous monitoring of your patients respiratory status. Learn more today.
https://www.medtronic.com/covidien/en-au/products/capnography/capnostream-35-portable-respiratory-monitor.html
congestive heart diseasecongestive heart disease
A pet with heart disease may have an increase in both the breathing rate and or breathing effort. An animals breathing pattern may be easily monitored at home. Each breath may be seen as the chest rises with inspiration and Continue Reading ». ...
http://www.oasisanimalclinic.com/tag/congestive-heart-disease/
biology | Alton Collegebiology | Alton College
Biology is the study of living organisms. This course undertakes study at a variety of levels from the molecular to that of the biosphere. At the end of the course you will have an appreciation of: specific techniques used in biology, how the heart rate and breathing are controlled, genetic engineering, colour change in urine, how sugar levels in the body are controlled.. ...
http://www.altoncollege.ac.uk/category/sixth-form-course/biology
l&d | Our Sweet K.l&d | Our Sweet K.
Last night before bed my back started to hurt, and I felt like I couldnt take a deep breath. Its not unusual for me to not be able to take a deep breath cus, well, all of my space is taken up. Breathing is not a fun activity these days. I went to bed with some…
https://oursweetk.com/2017/02/10/ld/?like_comment=847&_wpnonce=07e1ffe91a
adultsadults
At home, patients will still have few symptoms of pneumonia and thus it is crucial to practise proper self care for making speedy recovery. It takes time to recover completely and resume all the normal activities. Usually the symptoms get better over a period of few weeks.. Coughing: Get better over one to 2 weeks Sleeping and eating: One week for normal level. Energy level: 2 weeks or more for normal level Useful Tips for Self Care in Pneumonia. • Take time to resume your normal activities and do not rush to take any workload immediately after returning home. • Practise chest therapy at home to improve breathing and loosening mucus. The warm and moist (wet) air helps in breathing easily. • Keep a warm and wet piece of cloth over your face. Breathe in the warm mist after filling a humidifier with warm water.. • Practise deep breathing regularly as it will help in opening up the lungs for easy breathing. Also follow it up with deep coughing as it cleans up the airways. • Lie on your bed ...
https://www.symptoms.in/tag/adults
Inverse CDFsInverse CDFs
The inverse cumulative distribution functions return the values at which their respective CDFs attain a given level. This value is typically used in hypothesis testing as a critical value. There are very few functions for which the inverse CDF can be written in closed form. In most situations the inverse is computed numerically from the CDF. ...
https://www.wavemetrics.com/products/igorpro/dataanalysis/statistics/invcdfs.htm
Mindful breathing: 10 minutes a day can lead to better healthMindful breathing: 10 minutes a day can lead to better health
Who knew the simple act of sitting quietly, focusing on breathing and oxygenating the body, could make such a world of difference?
https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/mindful-breathing-10-minutes-a-day-can-lead-to-better-health/
Week devoted to quality breathing - townnews-aberdeennewsWeek devoted to quality breathing - townnews-aberdeennews
From staff reports There are certain things in life we take for granted, and filling our lungs with a deep breath of air is one of them. Its not that easy for everyone. Avera St. Lukes will help
http://articles.aberdeennews.com/2007-03-17/news/26391028_1_respiratory-therapists-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-lung-disease
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for normal development of the central respiratory rhythm in mice<...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for normal development of the central respiratory rhythm in mice<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for normal development of the central respiratory rhythm in mice. AU - Balkowiec, Agnieszka. AU - Katz, David M.. PY - 1998/7/15. Y1 - 1998/7/15. N2 - 1. Molecular mechanisms underlying maturation of the central respiratory rhythm are largely unknown. Previously, we found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for expression of normal breathing behaviour in newborn mice, raising the possibility that maturation of central respiratory output is dependent on BDNF. 2. Respiratory activity was recorded in vitro from cervical ventral roots (C1 or C4) using the isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation from postnatal day (P) 0.5-2.0 and P4.5 wild-type mice and mice lacking functional bdnf alleles. 3. Loss of one or both bdnf alleles resulted in an approximately 50% depression of central respiratory frequency compared with wild-type controls. In addition, respiratory cycle length variability was 214% higher in bdnf null ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-is-required-for-normal-developm-2
Short-term displacement and reproducibility of the breast and nodal targets under active breathing control. | Research Explorer...Short-term displacement and reproducibility of the breast and nodal targets under active breathing control. | Research Explorer...
PURPOSE: The short-term displacement and reproducibility of the breast or chest wall, and the internal mammary (IM), infraclavicular (ICV), and supraclavicular (SCV) nodal regions have been assessed as a function of breath-hold state using an active breathing control (ABC) device for patients receiving loco-regional breast radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten patients underwent computed tomographic scanning using an ABC device at breath-hold states of end-exhale and 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of vital capacity (VC). Patients underwent scanning before treatment and at one third and two thirds of the way through treatment. A regional registration was performed for each target using a rigid-body transformation with mutual information as a metric. RESULTS: Between exhale and 40% of VC, the mean displacement was 0.27/0.34, 0.24/0.31, 0.22/0.19, and 0.13/0.19 cm anterior/superior for the breast or chest wall, and IM, ICV, and SCV nodes, respectively. At 80% of VC, the mean displacement from ...
https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/shortterm-displacement-and-reproducibility-of-the-breast-and-nodal-targets-under-active-breathing-control
THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR ANESTHESIA IN ANIMALS | JEMTHE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR ANESTHESIA IN ANIMALS | JEM
These experiments justify the following general conclusions.. By the intravenous injection of M/4 magnesium sulphate into dogs at a certain rate, a stage can be reached where the abdominal walls are completely relaxed and when section of the abdomen and stimulation of sensitive parts of the parietal peritoneum do not produce pain or elicit any reaction of the animal. At the same time spontaneous respiration may still be maintained within normal limits and the lid reflex be fair or even normal. In this stage intratracheal intubation for artificial respiration can be easily accomplished. This stage may be attained in 12 to 14 minutes when the rate of injection is about 3 cc. per minute. When this stage is once attained the rate of injection should gradually be reduced, otherwise, sooner or later, spontaneous respiration will be abolished, and by a further maintenance of the rate of injection all the skeletal muscles may become paralyzed.. When the injection of magnesium is continued for a longer ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/23/5/641
The pattern of breathing in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. - Nuffield Department of MedicineThe pattern of breathing in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. - Nuffield Department of Medicine
1. The pattern of breathing in 12 patients with severe irreversible airflow obstruction has been studied during ventilatory stimulation by rebreathing CO2. Mean maximum tidal volume response was only 1.23 +/- 0.30 litres (mean +/- SD); this represented 65% of mean measured vital capacity and 82% of mean measured inspiratory capacity. During the course of rebreathing mean total breath duration was reduced from 3.48 +/- 0.93 to 2.44 +/- 0.48 s. 2. End-expiratory thoracic gas volume (FRC) was elevated at rest in all subjects and increased significantly by a further 0.50 +/- 1.90 litres during ventilatory stimulation in 10 of the 12 subjects. The maximum increase in FRC was proportional to the degree of airflow obstruction afforded by the airways in each subject. 3. It is suggested that the increase in FRC during ventilatory stimulation is responsible for the diminished tidal volume response and is an important determinant of breathing pattern and symptomatology in patients with airflow obstruction.
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/54471
Q and A: Effects of Opioids on Normal Breathing|Respiratory Center|TreatmentQ and A: Effects of Opioids on Normal Breathing|Respiratory Center|Treatment
Q and A on Effects of Opioids on Normal Breathing: Opioid reduces rate of breathing and also reduces volume of air inhaled by abruptly changing inspiration to expiration. Also know about Opioid Effect on Respiratory Center, Treatment.
https://www.epainassist.com/opioid-treatment/opioids/q-and-a-effects-of-opioids-on-normal-breathing
What is the normal breathing rate after exercise? | Reference.comWhat is the normal breathing rate after exercise? | Reference.com
A normal resting breathing rate is 15 breaths per minute. Intense exercise may increase the breathing rate up to 40 or 50 breaths per minute. The respiration rate may remain faster and deeper than...
https://www.reference.com/health/normal-breathing-rate-after-exercise-64c17bd529ac6745
Intermittent vs continuous hypoxia: effects on ventilation and erythropoiesis in humans.Intermittent vs continuous hypoxia: effects on ventilation and erythropoiesis in humans.
OBJECTIVE: Recently, we showed that 5 days of normobaric intermittent hypoxia at rest (IH; 2 hours daily at 3,800 m simulated altitude; partial pressure of inspired oxygen 90 torr) can induce an increase in the isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Intermittent-vs-continuous-hypoxia-effects/11055563.html
Respiratory centers | Article about respiratory centers by The Free DictionaryRespiratory centers | Article about respiratory centers by The Free Dictionary
Looking for respiratory centers? Find out information about respiratory centers. in politics, a party following a middle course. The term was first used in France in 1789, when the moderates of the National Assembly sat in the center of... Explanation of respiratory centers
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+centers
Room 310, 10/17/2000 10: 30 AM - 12: 00 PM (PD) Impact of Baricity on the Analgesic and Ventilatory Effects of Intrathecal...Room 310, 10/17/2000 10: 30 AM - 12: 00 PM (PD) Impact of Baricity on the Analgesic and Ventilatory Effects of Intrathecal...
Fazeela Ferouz, Mark C. Norris, Musa M. Aner, Martin J.R. Hortaleza; Room 310, 10/17/2000 10: 30 AM - 12: 00 PM (PD) Impact of Baricity on the Analgesic and Ventilatory Effects of Intrathecal Sufentanil in Volunteers : A-968. Anesthesiology 2000;93(3A):A-968. doi: https://doi.org/.. Download citation file:. ...
https://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1976212
the breathing rate of an infant is 30-50 breaths per minute while thatthe breathing rate of an infant is 30-50 breaths per minute while that
The consumption of energy in prematures and newborns is primarily used to supply the heart and maintain body temperature. For newborns, the ratio of skin area to volume is lower than older children, thus it takes more oxygen to burn calories to maintain heat. Most moms recognize this, and keep newborns covered, especially from breezes. The heart pumping energy is a significant proportional user of energy in the newborn, requiring proportionally more oxygen than an older child. Finally, considering these higher uses of oxygen, and the limited lung capacity, the breathing rate has to increase in order to move more oxygen into the bloodstream per minute. Curiously, the breathing rate of prematures often exceeds 50 breaths per minute, but if you calculate the minute volume (the volume of air moved into the baby per minute), it is the same as a normal term infant ...
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1225936673
Periodic breathing legal definition of periodic breathingPeriodic breathing legal definition of periodic breathing
Definition of periodic breathing in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is periodic breathing? Meaning of periodic breathing as a legal term. What does periodic breathing mean in law?
http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periodic+breathing
DI-fusion Effects of respiration on an atrial septal aneurysm of the...DI-fusion Effects of respiration on an atrial septal aneurysm of the...
DI-fusion, le Dépôt institutionnel numérique de lULB, est loutil de référencementde la production scientifique de lULB.Linterface de recherche DI-fusion permet de consulter les publications des chercheurs de lULB et les thèses qui y ont été défendues.
http://difusion.ulb.ac.be/vufind/Record/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/165315/Details
Multivariate autoregressive model in analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations in neonatal lambs<...Multivariate autoregressive model in analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations in neonatal lambs<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Multivariate autoregressive model in analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations in neonatal lambs. AU - Kalli, Seppo. AU - Grönlund, Juhani. AU - Ihalainen, Heimo. AU - Siimes, Anja. AU - Antila, Kari. AU - Välimäki, Ilkka. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. M3 - Chapter or book article. SN - 978-0-916859-39-8. BT - Fetal and Neonatal Development. A2 - Jones, Colin T.. CY - Ithaca. ER - ...
https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/multivariate-autoregressive-model-in-analysis-of-cardiovascular-a
Control of breathing during cortical substitution of the spontaneous automatic respiratory rhythm<...Control of breathing during cortical substitution of the spontaneous automatic respiratory rhythm<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Control of breathing during cortical substitution of the spontaneous automatic respiratory rhythm. AU - Haouzi, Philippe. AU - Chenuel, Bruno. AU - Whipp, Brian J.. PY - 2007/11/15. Y1 - 2007/11/15. N2 - This study addresses the following question: does the ventilatory control system adjust total ventilation in accord with the regulatory demands of the physiological dead space ventilation (over(V, ̇)D) when the breathing frequency changes, and if so, how? A simple proportionality between the amplitude of the respiratory motor output (VT) and the respiratory period (TTOT) during such changes will not provide for regulation of arterial (PaC O2); the relationship requires a positive intercept of magnitude VD, i.e. VT = over(V, ̇)A TTOT + VD. We therefore determined the relationship between VT and TTOT when breathing frequency was changed in a ramp-like manner (from 6 to 20 cycles/min), in an imperceptible manner, during a paced-breathing protocol in which the subjects voluntarily ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/control-of-breathing-during-cortical-substitution-of-the-spontane
Chapter 61. Development of The Lower Respiratory System: Surfactant and Respiratory Movements - Review of Medical Embryology...Chapter 61. Development of The Lower Respiratory System: Surfactant and Respiratory Movements - Review of Medical Embryology...
The alveolar-capillary membrane, in the adult, consists of a thinned-out cell wall plus the cytoplasm of a type I cell with its basement membrane and the thinned-out cell wall and cytoplasm of a capillary endothelial cell with its basement membran Where they meet, the two basement membranes ...
https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-61-development-of-the-lower-respiratory-system-surfactant-and-respiratory-movements
Cophylac - PharmasaveCophylac - Pharmasave
Before you begin using a medication, be sure to inform your doctor of any medical conditions or allergies you may have, any medications you are taking, whether you are pregnant or breast-feeding, and any other significant facts about your health. These factors may affect how you should use this medication.. Alcohol: People taking this medication should not consume alcohol since doing so can increase the risk of serious side effects, or a potentially fatal overdose. It is not recommended for people with alcohol abuse problems.. Breathing: Normethadone - hydroxyephedrine can suppress breathing. This effect on breathing may be more pronounced for people who have breathing problems or brain damage, or who are taking other medications that suppress breathing. If you have breathing problems, such as COPD, asthma or respiratory depression, discuss with your doctor how this medication may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of this ...
http://www.pharmasave.com/medications/cophylac/
Visual Diagnosis: Rapid Deterioration of Respiratory Status and Lower Limb Hypotonia in a 6-month-old Infant | American Academy...Visual Diagnosis: Rapid Deterioration of Respiratory Status and Lower Limb Hypotonia in a 6-month-old Infant | American Academy...
A 6-month-old previously healthy boy presents to the local emergency department with a 1-week history of progressive lethargy, irritability, and anorexia. Two days before presentation he developed an unusual breathing pattern and worsening respiratory distress, and he had a fever of 101.3°F (38.5°C). There was no rhinorrhea, coryza, cough, vomiting, or diarrhea.. He appears unwell, with respiratory distress, tachypnea, and grunting. His blood pressure is 80/45 mm Hg, heart rate is 200 beats/min, respiratory rate is 60 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation is 77% in room air. He is afebrile. There is significantly decreased air entry bilaterally, most impressively over the right lung field. His neurologic examination reveals a mild right-sided ptosis. Although he moves both arms normally, there is a noticeable paucity of movements in his lower limbs, with decreased tone in both legs. The remainder of his examination findings are normal.. On further questioning the parents clarify that for the past ...
https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/41/10/e37
Oxidative Stress and Cardiorespiratory FunctionOxidative Stress and Cardiorespiratory Function
www.MOLUNA.de Oxidative Stress and Cardiorespiratory Function [4498550] - Cardiorespiratory function is prominently affected by oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is the archetype of oxidative and nitrative stress and free radical formation. New adverse effects of smoking keep on propping up in research. The chapters provide the comprehensive view of new developments in this area regarding cardiovascular and lung function
https://www.moluna.de/buch/4498550-oxidative+stress+and+cardiorespiratory+function/
Clinical Tip - Avoiding Opioid-Related Respiratory Depression | Physician-Patient Alliance for Health & SafetyClinical Tip - Avoiding Opioid-Related Respiratory Depression | Physician-Patient Alliance for Health & Safety
There are indeed numerous deaths due to synergistic combinations of sedatives and opioids. This is because sedatives obtund the primary form of respiratory drive, and opioids obtund the secondary form of respiratory drive. If both forms of respiratory drive are blocked, then respiratory drive is abolished altogether, which of course is lethal. The primary form of respiratory drive is affected by pH receptors in brain ventricles, and it determines respiratory rate and depth in conscious individuals. This form of respiratory drive is resistant to hyperventilation and depletion of CO2 tissue reserves so long as consciousnss remains present. During sleep and anesthesia, when consciousness is obtunded, the primary respiratory drive is abolished, and breathing becomes totally dependent on the secondary form of respiratory drive. The secondary form of respiratory drive is primarily determined by respiratory chemoreceptors located in extravascular tissues. These are stimulated directly by hypercarbia, ...
http://ppahs.org/2017/10/clinical-tip-avoid-opioid-related-respiratory-depression/
Respiratory changes in the E/A wave pattern can be an early sign of diastolic dysfunction: an echocardiographic long-term...Respiratory changes in the E/A wave pattern can be an early sign of diastolic dysfunction: an echocardiographic long-term...
The left ventricular filling pattern may show changes during respiration, which are generally used in the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction. The clinical importance of the respiratory E/A wave pattern change has been investigated in a limited number
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Respiratory-changes-in-wave-pattern/23018362.html
Plus itPlus it
Data concerning pulmonary ventilation and respiratory response to elevation in alveolar pCO2 obtained from patients and subjects to whom Dromoran hydrobromide, levo-Dromoran tartrate, levallorphan tantrate or combinations of these drugs were administered intramuscularly have been presented.. In no instance was the mixture of levallorphan with levo-Dromoran in a dosage relationship of 1:1 or 1:10 capable of preventing the respiratory depression normally produced by levo-Dromoran. It is concluded that the mixture of opiates and opiate antagonists for the purpose of preserving analgesia and preventing respiratory depression is not worthwhile.. Observations are presented indicating that the measurement of respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute volume alone may not reveal respiratory depression from narcotics. Inclusion of alveolar or arterial pCO2 values and of the respiratory response to increased concentrations of inspired carbon dioxide permit a more objective evaluation.. ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/113/3/332
The role of surgical clips in the evaluation of interfractional uncertainty for treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic...The role of surgical clips in the evaluation of interfractional uncertainty for treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic...
One limitation of this study is the small number of patients. Due to the low incidence of target disease, our database included only 20 patients despite long periods. As a result, our study have no significant clip shift according to detailed analysis such as type of operation and absolute position of clip. Another shortcoming of this work was existence of conglomerate clips. Individual clip was hard to distinguish from conglomerated clips. The nearest clip from treatment center was selected in conglomerated clips. Third, the interval between imaging and treatment have the potential of respiratory change. Respiratory change have possibility of unpredictable error. Fourth, modification was aligned to clip shifts before each treatment fraction. However, one patients distal clips were shifted in the opposite direction. These clip displacement reflect postoperative change of intra-abdominal organ position as well as bowel gas change. Therefore, in this case, modification was aligned to proximal ...
http://e-roj.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3857/roj.2016.02019
What Factors Will Affect Your Breathing Rate? | Healthcare-OnlineWhat Factors Will Affect Your Breathing Rate? | Healthcare-Online
Many factors can affect breathing rate, including illnesses, disorders, and bodily injuries. Know what is causing your breathing problems to seek medical attention.
https://www.healthcare-online.org/Factors-That-Affect-Breathing-Rate.html
Goal of Deep Breathing & Coughing Exercises | LIVESTRONG.COMGoal of Deep Breathing & Coughing Exercises | LIVESTRONG.COM
Deep breathing and coughing exercises can decrease the risk of lung complications following surgery. Not only can they prevent pneumonia, deep breathing...
https://www.livestrong.com/article/341748-goal-of-deep-breathing-coughing-exercises/
Causes for Shallow Breathing | LIVESTRONG.COMCauses for Shallow Breathing | LIVESTRONG.COM
Shallow breathing can be an alarming and potentially life-threatening symptom if left untreated. People who develop shallow breathing can generally develop...
https://www.livestrong.com/article/93385-causes-shallow-breathing/
DR. MARWA SHAALAN PHARM-D.  Basic functions of the respiratory system  Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation) - movement of air in...DR. MARWA SHAALAN PHARM-D.  Basic functions of the respiratory system  Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation) - movement of air in...
 Respiration - four distinct processes must happen  Pulmonary ventilation - moving air into and out of the lungs  External respiration - gas exchange between the lungs and the blood  Transport - transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues  Internal respiration - gas exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4191138/
Re-learn the lost art of breathing to boost exercise performance | Living FitRe-learn the lost art of breathing to boost exercise performance | Living Fit
It is important to avoid rapid, shallow breathing. A number of endurance athletes fall into the trap of breathing with each step or pedal stroke. This is an antiquated technique based on the belief that breathing on each footfall was important to maintain your tempo and rhythm.. The problem with this approach is that as your pace increases or you reach the upper limits of your aerobic threshold, this can actually decrease performance as your breathing becomes more rapid and shallower. This can result in hyperventilation and a lack of proper oxygen intake, delivery and absorption, which limits performance.. You can still match your breathing to your running or cycling tempo, just increase the number of footfalls or pedal strokes you take while breathing in, and do the same while exhaling. Start by inhaling for three steps and exhale for three steps again. When this becomes comfortable, increase this to five steps.. Will altitude training give you the performance boost youre after? We ...
https://livingfit.co.za/re-learn-the-lost-art-of-breathing-to-boost-exercise-performance/
Unscramble inspirations | Words unscrambled from letters inspirations | Scrabble Word inspirations | Words Made with the...Unscramble inspirations | Words unscrambled from letters inspirations | Scrabble Word inspirations | Words Made with the...
Unscramble inspirations, Unscramble letters inspirations, Point value for inspirations, Word Decoder for inspirations, Word generator using the letters inspirations, Word Solver inspirations, Possible Scrabble words with inspirations, Anagram of inspirations
http://www.allscrabblewords.com/word-description/inspirations
Respiration in Plants and Animals - PHDessay.comRespiration in Plants and Animals - PHDessay.com
➤ Essay on Respiration in Plants and Animals ✍ Temperature and Its Effects on Respiration in Plants and Animals Introduction Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down organic compounds to
https://phdessay.com/respiration-in-plants-and-animals/
Breathing Control | Special Needs Toys CanadaBreathing Control | Special Needs Toys Canada
Speech and Language develop from learning to use your breath to form the vibrations necessary to form words; language is a skill with a long learning curve. There are many fine muscles and co
https://specialneedstoys.com/can/communication/breath-control
April 2016 - Asia ManufacturingApril 2016 - Asia Manufacturing
Apart from posture, there is also anxiety. One of the signs of anxiety and stress can also be heavy breathing. When the body begins to breathe too little and deeply instead of breathing at a natural rithm, it is impossible for one to relax. One reason may also be that the chest muscles and the abdomen get tightened and the air gets harder.. Massage plays an important role in learning the body how to relax and how to improve breathing. Respiratory problems such as allergies, sinuses, asthma or bronchitis are a group of conditions that can benefit from massage. In fact, massage can have a positive impact on respiratory function.. Many of the muscles in the front and back of the upper part of the body are breathing accessory. When these muscles are tight and shorten they can block normal breathing and interrupt effective breathing natural rithm. Massage techniques for stretching and relaxing these muscles improves breathing function and breathability. Massage leads to an opening of the chest as ...
http://www.asia-manufacturing.com/2016/04/
Study Finds Biomarker of Breathing Control Abnormality Associated With Hypertension and StrokeStudy Finds Biomarker of Breathing Control Abnormality Associated With Hypertension and Stroke
A distinct ECG-derived spectrographic phenotype, designated as narrow-band elevated low frequency coupling (e-LFCNB)has been identified in a study in the July 1 issue of the journal SLEEP
http://www.medindia.net/news/Study-Finds-Biomarker-of-Breathing-Control-Abnormality-Associated-With-Hypertension-and-Stroke-54024-1.htm
respiratory system | Physiology Forumrespiratory system | Physiology Forum
This may seem a really simple question but for some reason I can t get my head around it, can anyone please help. If your breathing rate is 30 breaths per minute tidal volume is 200cm3, pulmonary ventilation is 6000, alveolar ventilation rate is (200 - 150) x 30 =1500, then why is an increase in the breathing rate alone not be able to satisfy the demands on the body during exercise:confused:
https://www.valuemd.com/physiology-forum/220070-respiratory-system.html
Patent US5526804 - Self-sufficient emergency breathing device - Google PatentsPatent US5526804 - Self-sufficient emergency breathing device - Google Patents
An emergency breathing device for use of evacuation in connection with fires, chemical accidents or the like, and which comprises a heat-resisting and gas-tight protective hood (1) which is adapted to surround the head (2) of a user, and wherein there are arranged an oxygen supply unit having a reservoir (12) for the supply of oxygen to the breathing air in the hood, and a CO2 absorber (14) for purifying the breathing air. The hood (1) has double walls (3, 4) for providing a closed breathing bag (5) which is separated from the surrounding atmosphere and which is provided with a suitable positioned mouthpiece (7) for use by the user. Further, the oxygen supply unit comprises a dosing means (40) which is arranged to inject oxygen in accordance with the breathing frequency of the user.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5526804?dq=7350717
Breathing Sensor: Pneumograph Strelnikov-Stepanova : 4 Steps (with Pictures) - InstructablesBreathing Sensor: Pneumograph Strelnikov-Stepanova : 4 Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables
Breathing Sensor: Pneumograph Strelnikov-Stepanova: Breath as a form of interactionBreathing can be used for a simple and intuitive biofeedback based interactive system. Our breathing rhythm effects our nervous system and can be indicative of affective experiences. Breathing regulation exercises are …
https://www.instructables.com/Breathing-Sensor-Pneumograph-Strelnikov-Stepanova/
Patente US7190995 - System and method for analysis of respiratory cycle-related EEG changes in ... - Google PatentesPatente US7190995 - System and method for analysis of respiratory cycle-related EEG changes in ... - Google Patentes
A system and method for determining respiratory cycle-related EEG changes (RCREC) for a subject with sleep-disordered breathing are provided. The method includes receiving an EEG signal from the subject using at least one sensor, and defining at least two respiratory cycle segments within each respiratory cycle. The method further includes determining an EEG power of the EEG signal during each of the at least two respiratory cycle segments, and determining RCREC by calculating a difference between a maximum EEG segment power and a minimum EEG segment power.
http://www.google.es/patents/US7190995
Correcting your naughty insula: modelling respiration, pulse, and motion artifacts in fMRI - Dr. Micah AllenCorrecting your naughty insula: modelling respiration, pulse, and motion artifacts in fMRI - Dr. Micah Allen
important update: Thanks to commenter DS, I discovered that my respiration-related data was strongly contaminated due to mechanical error. The belt we used is very susceptible to becoming uncalibrated, if the subject moves or breathes very deeply for example. When looking at the raw timecourse of respiration I could see that many subjects, included the one displayed…
https://micahallen.org/2013/02/07/correcting-your-naughty-insula-modelling-respiration-pulse-and-motion-artifacts-in-fmri/?replytocom=12144
Section 4 Regulation of the Respiration I.Section 4 Regulation of the Respiration I.
Section 4 Regulation of the Respiration I. Respiratory Center and Formation of the Respiratory Rhythm 1 Respiratory Center Respiratory Centers
http://present5.com/section-4-regulation-of-the-respiration-i/
Ethanol, 2,2-iminobis-, N-C12-18-alkyl derivs. - Registration Dossier - ECHAEthanol, 2,2-iminobis-, N-C12-18-alkyl derivs. - Registration Dossier - ECHA
ECHA guidance recommends that a factor of 2 be applied when doing route to route extrapolation for oral to inhalation exposure; this has been included in this case due to a lack of data or the percentage of oral absorption. Therefore a factor of 2 was applied. Allometric scaling is applied by taking account for the different breathing rates between rats and humans, as described in ECHA technical guidance the oral NOAEL in the rat mg/kg/day *1/0.38 * 6.7/10 = mg/m3 inhalation NOAEC for workers. An additional adjust was made as recommended in ECHA guidance R8.4.3. The oral exposure for the rats was 7 days a week but inhalation exposure of workers is considered to be 5 days a week. This is adjusted by dividing the NOEC by 5/7 or 0.714286. ...
https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14237/7/1
Deep breathing and hiking. How to sustain energy on the trail.Deep breathing and hiking. How to sustain energy on the trail.
Deep breathing while hiking increases your stamina and keeps muscles working better all day. Heres how to bring oxygen deep into your lungs for less fatigue and more fun.
https://www.jeffryanauthor.com/just-breathe/
Is Jahi McMath breathing on her own? (Whats Wrong with the World)Is Jahi McMath breathing on her own? (Whats Wrong with the World)
Lydie, RE: I take it that you are of the opinion that the breathing on her own claim is a fake.. No, I do not think it is fake. Fake implies intentional fabrication. I dont think thats the case here. The only thing Ive seen that I can unequivocally call fakery was Attorney Dolans statement to the press about the MRI he displayed in his 2014 press conference. That was blatant and shameful misrepresentation, as any neurologist or radiologist can confirm. Was it intentional? Im inclined to think so, based on Dolans history.. As for the mothers claims that she is breathing, I think she is deeply, tragically mired in the confirmation bias that grips many families faced with tragic brain injury in a loved one. Ive spent a great deal of time around families trying to cope with these issues and have dealt with it in my own family. Some people veer off the rails in situations like this. I think Nailah truly believes that Jahi didnt die in 2013. She has adjusted her reality so that she can ...
http://whatswrongwiththeworld.net/2016/10/is_jahi_mcmath_breathing_on_he.html
Is it truly easier to take a full, deep breath of fresh air at high alt. Compared to sea level? - Answered by top doctors on...Is it truly easier to take a full, deep breath of fresh air at high alt. Compared to sea level? - Answered by top doctors on...
Dr. Kurzweil responded: NO.. You will be able to take a deep breath about the same volume (vital capacity) at sea level or at high altitudes. However the |a href=/topics/oxygen track_data={
https://www.healthtap.com/user_questions/162972-is-it-truly-easier-to-take-a-full-deep-breath-of-fresh-air-at-high-alt-compared-to-sea-level
Evolutions gears dont reverse easily - Gene ExpressionEvolutions gears dont reverse easily - Gene Expression
Im not actually aware of any lineage that went from obligate water breathing to obligate air breathing (losing water breathing in the process), and then lost air breathing while re-evolving water breathing. I know of a few examples where some secondary water breathing adaptions appeared, but air breathing remained the primary method of obtaining oxygen.. But it should be noted that for complex macro-traits, like terrestriality, or wings, theres more than one genetic way to skin the cat, so to speak. Evolution does not have to go wholly in reverse. The second time around somewhat different genetic mechanisms might be co-opted. One could think about it as actually examples of convergent evolution happening in the same lineage, separated in time. (So for example, within the lineage that led from Urbilateria to Orca, a torpedo shaped body for swimming with fins for stabilization and direction control evolved more than once, but each time it was put together differently).. This would be different ...
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/05/evolutions-gears-dont-reverse-easily/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+GeneExpressionBlog+%28Gene+Expression%29
Articles - Scripps HealthArticles - Scripps Health
A normal breathing rate for an adult at rest is 8 to 16 breaths per minute. For an infant, a normal rate is up to 44 breaths per minute. Tachypnea is the.... ...
https://www.scripps.org/services/pulmonary-medicine/articles?letter=R
First Day at XSport Gym - avoision.com | avoision.comFirst Day at XSport Gym - avoision.com | avoision.com
Entrance to XSport.. My trainers name is Lorenzo, and the first session wasnt much of a workout. I say it wasnt much, but I still feel it, even though we didnt do all that much (which makes me a little nervous for next time).. The first session is free, and its mostly just an assessment. Height, weight, discussion about diet and when to eat. Im now adding protein shakes to my diet, and also increasing the number of times I actually eat during the day. Eating more frequently means that Ill be trying to up my metabolism, and burn more just doing normal, every day things.. I worked out on a few machines, but they were more to introduce me to the proper form, and what areas they focused on. Lorenzo kept stressing how important breathing was, and I realized it was actually something I actually had to concentrate on. It was kind of difficult to keep a regular breathing pattern, and not just hold my breath and go and go. Very weird and eye opening.. We did this ball thing with me on my back, and ...
https://avoision.com/2010/07/12/first_day_at_xsport_gym.php
Breathing on his own | Blog | BayCare ClinicBreathing on his own | Blog | BayCare Clinic
Can you imagine breathing on your own after 12 years of dependence on a ventilator? That is exactly what recently happened to Dale.
https://www.baycare.net/blog/breathing-on-his-own/
Internal respiration synonyms | Best 3 synonyms for internal respirationInternal respiration synonyms | Best 3 synonyms for internal respiration
The best 3 synonyms for internal respiration, including: tissue respiration, respiration, cellular respiration and more... Find another word for internal respiration at YourDictionary.
https://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/internal-respiration
3 year old, taking deep breaths while running or playing. What could be this? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagic3 year old, taking deep breaths while running or playing. What could be this? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagic
Question - 3 year old, taking deep breaths while running or playing. What could be this?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Ischemic heart disease, Ask a Pediatrician
http://www.healthcaremagic.com/questions/3-year-old-taking-deep-breaths-while-running-or-playing-What-could-be-this/407944
Ok. Its just that you were talking about subatomic particles - #100650640 added by lateday at Take a deep breath!Ok. Its just that you were talking about subatomic particles - #100650640 added by lateday at Take a deep breath!
Ok. Its just that you were talking about subatomic particles gone astray and you claimed the immune system was our defense to that. - #100650640 added by lateday at Take a deep breath!
http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_pictures/4748459/Take+a+deep+breath/41
OctopusOctopus
The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous ... Respiration involves drawing water into the mantle cavity through an aperture, passing it through the gills, and expelling it ... "Cutaneous respiration in Octopus vulgaris". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 199: 2477-2483. PMID 9320405 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda
AnnelidAnnelid
Respiration[edit]. In some annelids, including earthworms, all respiration is via the skin. However, many polychaetes and some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelida
Respiratory tractRespiratory tract
Respiration[edit]. Main article: Breathing. Respiration is the rhythmical process of breathing, in which air is drawn into the ... In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration ... The diaphragm is also the main muscle of respiration involved in breathing, and is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway
CnidariaCnidaria
Respiration[edit]. There are no respiratory organs, and both cell layers absorb oxygen from and expel carbon dioxide into the ... This improves respiration after feeding and allows these animals, which use the cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton, to control ... Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration. Many cnidarian species produce ... excretion and respiration. In 1881, it was proposed that Ctenophora and Bilateria were more closely related to each other, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria
Common ostrichCommon ostrich
The increase in respiration rate from the low range to the high range is sudden and occurs in response to hyperthermia. Birds ... This rise in respiration rate however is not necessarily associated with a greater rate of oxygen consumption.[64] Therefore, ... The common ostrich air sacs play a key role in respiration since they are capacious, and increase surface area (as described by ... In hot temperatures water is lost via respiration.[67] Moreover, varying surface temperatures within the respiratory tract ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ostrich
LizardLizard
Respiration. Recent studies (2013 and 2014) on the lung anatomy of the savannah monitor and green iguana found them to have a ... This body bending prevents significant respiration during movement, limiting their endurance, in a mechanism called Carrier's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard
MolluscaMollusca
Respiration[edit]. Most molluscs have only one pair of gills, or even only a singular gill. Generally, the gills are rather ... In abalones there are holes in the shell used for respiration and the release of egg and sperm, in the nautilus a string of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusks
Adenosine diphosphateAdenosine diphosphate
Cellular respiration[edit]. Catabolism[edit]. The ten-step catabolic pathway of glycolysis is the initial phase of free-energy ... Oxidative phosphorylation produces 26 of the 30 equivalents of ATP generated in cellular respiration by transferring electrons ... this is constantly performed via aerobic respiration in the mitochondria.[2] Plants use photosynthetic pathways to convert and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate
CetaceaCetacea
Respiration[edit]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea
CephalopodCephalopod
Respiration[edit]. Cephalopods exchange gases with the seawater by forcing water through their gills, which are attached to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkfish
ParalanguageParalanguage
Specific forms of paralinguistic respiration[edit]. Gasps[edit]. "Gasp" redirects here. For other uses, see Gasp ( ... A gasp is a kind of paralinguistic respiration in the form of a sudden and sharp inhalation of air through the mouth. A gasp ... A sigh is a kind of paralinguistic respiration in the form of a deep and especially audible, single exhalation of air out of ... As a symptom of physiological problems, apneustic respirations (a.k.a. apneusis), are gasps related to the brain damage ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguage
SpiderSpider
Circulation and respiration. Like other arthropods, spiders are coelomates in which the coelom is reduced to small areas round ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider
NewtNewt
Respiration[edit]. Adult crested newts (Triturus cristus) were found to breathe mainly via the skin but also through the lungs ... A form of compensatory respiration is the ability to release stored erythrocytes when needed, for example under hypoxia.[25][26 ... Aquatic respiration of The Crested Newt Triturus Cristatus. Comparative Biochemical Physiology. 59: 85-88) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eft
Brittle starBrittle star
Respiration[edit]. Gas exchange and excretion occur through cilia-lined sacs called bursae; each opens between the arm bases on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle_stars
OxygenOxygen
Photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis splits water to liberate O. 2 and fixes CO. 2 into sugar in what is called a ... Cellular respiration using O. 2 enables aerobic organisms to produce much more ATP than anaerobic organisms.[85] Cellular ... Dioxygen provides the energy released in combustion[3] and aerobic cellular respiration,[4] and many major classes of organic ... 2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Treatment not only ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen
Rapid eye movement sleepRapid eye movement sleep
Circulation, respiration, and thermoregulation[edit]. Generally speaking, the body suspends homeostasis during paradoxical ... Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and ... Overall, the brain exerts less control over breathing; electrical stimulation of respiration-linked brain areas does not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxal_sleep
RemineralisationRemineralisation
Respiration type Reaction ΔG Aerobic Oxygen reduction OM. +. 150. O. 2. ⟶. 106. CO. 2. +. 16. HNO. 3. +. H. 3. PO. 4. +. 78. H ... Aerobic respiration[edit]. Main article: Aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is the most preferred remineralization ... Anaerobic respiration[edit]. Main article: Anaerobic respiration. In instances in which the environment is suboxic or anoxic, ... aerobic respiration will be favored due to its high energy yield. Once the use of oxygen through respiration exceeds the input ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remineralisation
InhalationInhalation
Respiration. *Respiratory physiology. Hidden categories: *All articles with dead external links. *Articles with dead external ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhale
SpirometrySpirometry
Forced expiratory flow (FEF) is the flow (or speed) of air coming out of the lung during the middle portion of a forced expiration. It can be given at discrete times, generally defined by what fraction remains of the forced vital capacity (FVC). The usual intervals are 25%, 50% and 75% (FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75), or 25% and 50% of FVC. It can also be given as a mean of the flow during an interval, also generally delimited by when specific fractions remain of FVC, usually 25-75% (FEF25-75%). Average ranges in the healthy population depend mainly on sex and age, with FEF25-75% shown in diagram at left. Values ranging from 50-60% and up to 130% of the average are considered normal.[11] Predicted normal values for FEF can be calculated online and depend on age, sex, height, mass and ethnicity as well as the research study that they are based on. MMEF or MEF stands for maximal (mid-)expiratory flow and is the peak of expiratory flow as taken from the flow-volume curve and measured in liters per second. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_expiratory_volume
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary disease
"Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 85 (3): 179-92. doi:10.1159/000346525. PMID 23364286.. ... Ziment I (1991). "History of the treatment of chronic bronchitis". Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 58 ( ... is to improve thoracic mobility in an effort to reduce the work on the lungs during respiration, to in turn increase exercise ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COPD
HemoglobinHemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin is formed during physiological respiration when oxygen binds to the heme component of the protein hemoglobin in ... This improves oxygen delivery in the periphery and contributes to the control of respiration. NO binds reversibly to a specific ... blood pressure and respiration. NO is not released in the cytoplasm of red blood cells but transported out of them by an anion ... There it releases the oxygen to permit aerobic respiration to provide energy to power the functions of the organism in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency
Hypoxia (medical)Hypoxia (medical)
West, John B. (1995). "Oxygen Enrichment of Room Air to Relieve the Hypoxia of High Altitude". Respiration Physiology. 99 (2): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_
Central chemoreceptorsCentral chemoreceptors
Pre-Bötzinger complex functions as a central hypoxia chemosensor for respiration in vivo. J Neurophysiol. 83(5):2854-68, 2000. ... leads to an increase in the rate and depth of respiration through activation of the chemoreceptor reflex. Chemoreceptor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_chemoreceptors
Zones of the lungZones of the lung
This concept is generally attributed to an article by West et al. in 1964,[1] but was actually proposed two years earlier by Permutt et al.[2] In this article, Permutt suggests "The pressure in the pulmonary arteries and veins is less at the top than at the bottom of the lung. It is quite likely that there is a portion of the lung toward the top in an upright subject in which the pressure in the pulmonary arteries is less than alveolar pressure.". The concept is as follows: Alveolar pressure (PA) at end expiration is equal to atmospheric pressure (0 cm H20 differential pressure, at zero flow), plus or minus 2 cm H2O (1.5 mmHg) throughout the lung. On the other hand, gravity causes a gradient in blood pressure between the top and bottom of the lung of 20 mmHg in the erect position (roughly half of that in the supine position). Overall, mean pulmonary venous pressure is ~5 mmHg. Local venous pressure falls to -5 at the apexes and rises to +15 mmHg at the bases, again for the erect lung. Pulmonary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zones_of_the_lung
ErlotinibErlotinib
Respiration. 84 (5): 431-5. doi:10.1159/000339508. PMID 22889962.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlotinib
Respiratory systemRespiratory system
"Respiration". Harvey Project. Retrieved 27 July 2012.. *^ a b "Online high altitude oxygen calculator". altitude.org. Archived ... Plant respiration is limited by the process of diffusion. Plants take in carbon dioxide through holes, known as stomata, that ... It is formed by a vascularized expansion of the epibranchial bone of the first gill arch, and is used for respiration in air.[ ... Hughes GM (1972). "Morphometrics of fish gills". Respiration Physiology. 14: 1-25. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(72)90014-x.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory
NitrazepamNitrazepam
Respiration. 57 (4): 239-42. doi:10.1159/000195848. PMID 1982774. O'Hanlon JF, Volkerts ER (1986). "Hypnotics and actual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrazepam
PerfusionPerfusion
Respiration (physiology). *Respiratory exchange ratio. *Respiratory quotient. *Respiratory system. *Systemic circulation. * ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfusion
LungLung
Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals, reptiles and birds use their different ... In humans, the main muscle of respiration that drives breathing is the diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes ... In addition to their function in respiration, the lungs have a number of other functions. They are involved in maintaining ... Due to the possibility of respiration across the skin combined with small size, all known lungless tetrapods are amphibians. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccular_stage
BronchodilatorBronchodilator
Available in oral and injectable form, theophylline is a long-acting bronchodilator that prevents asthma episodes. It belongs to the chemical class methyl xanthines (along with caffeine). It is prescribed in severe cases of asthma or those that are difficult to control. It must be taken 1-4 times daily, and doses cannot be missed. Blood tests are required to monitor therapy and to indicate when dosage adjustment is necessary. Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach or headache, rapid or irregular heart beat, muscle cramps, nervous or jittery feelings, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may signal the need for an adjustment in medication. It may promote acid reflux, also known as GERD, by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter muscle. Some medications, such as seizure and ulcer medications and antibiotics containing erythromycin, can interfere with the way theophylline works. Coffee, tea, colas, cigarette-smoking, and viral illnesses can all affect the action of theophylline ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchodilator
Cellular respiration - WikipediaCellular respiration - Wikipedia
Anaerobic respiration. Main article: Anaerobic respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are ... Aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O2) in order to create ATP. Although carbohydrates, fats, and ... Anaerobic respiration is used by some microorganisms in which neither oxygen (aerobic respiration) nor pyruvate derivatives ( ... Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_respiration
Agonal respiration - WikipediaAgonal respiration - Wikipedia
Agonal respiration, gasping respiration or agonal breathing is an abnormal pattern of breathing and brainstem reflex ... Agonal respirations are also commonly seen in cases of cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest where agonal respirations may ... including Biots respirations and ataxic respirations). Correct usage would restrict the term to the last breaths before death ... Agonal respiration occurs in 40% of cardiac arrests experienced outside a hospital environment. Perkin, RM; Resnik, DB (June ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agonal_respiration
Metabolism: Cellular RespirationMetabolism: Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration occurs 24 HOURS/DAY in all organisms. Respiration is sometimes called BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION and thus may be ... Cellular respiration is the process by which food molecules react with oxygen and are broken down to carbon dioxide and water ... In BURNING most of the energy is released in the form of HEAT and LIGHT, but in cellular respiration most of the energy is used ... Any organic molecule that contains bond energy can be used as a fuel in cellular respiration. The common stage for almost all ...
http://www.angelfire.com/ga2/nestsite2/webunit8.html
Yeast RespirationYeast Respiration
Fructose, galactose, and lactose produced very little, if any cellular respiration in yeast. ...
http://www.csun.edu/scied/2-longitudinal/schuster/index.html
Arachnid - Respiration | BritannicaArachnid - Respiration | Britannica
Respiration: Two types of respiratory organs are found among arachnids: book lungs and tracheae. Book lungs are found in ... Respiration. Two types of respiratory organs are found among arachnids: book lungs and tracheae. Book lungs are found in ... Most spiders have both, and small micro whip scorpions and some extremely small mites have only cutaneous respiration. ...
https://www.britannica.com/animal/arachnid/Respiration
Respiration in Polyzoa (Ectoprocta) | NatureRespiration in Polyzoa (Ectoprocta) | Nature
RYLAND, J. Respiration in Polyzoa (Ectoprocta). Nature 216, 1040-1041 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1038/2161040b0 ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/2161040b0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=247bba5a-183b-4346-87b6-515536649d4a
Category:Respiration - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Respiration - Wikimedia Commons
... respiration (fr); respirasi (id); pusting (nn); тын алу (tt-cyrl); тын алу (tt); Lungenventilation (de); thở (vi); respiration ... Contegnui inta categorîa "Respiration". Sti 131 file son inte sta categoria, pe n totale de 131. ... Pàgine inta categorîa "Respiration". Questa categoria a contegne solo sta pagina chì. ... E. Coleman, A dissertation on suspended respiration... Wellcome L0029401.jpg 1 586 × 1 320; 1 023 KB. ...
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Respiration?uselang=lij
Plant Respiration Experiments | eHowPlant Respiration Experiments | eHow
They take in oxygen during the respiration process and produce carbon dioxide. You can explore this process with several ... The most basic plant respiration experiment will simply demonstrate that plants do respire, thus creating carbon dioxide. To ... This can tell you how much oxygen the plant has used up during the respiration process. ... and use cabbage water or an oxygen probe to measure the different rates of respiration for each plant. Make sure to add the ...
https://www.ehow.com/list_7433793_plant-respiration-experiments.html
Artificial Respiration | Encyclopedia.comArtificial Respiration | Encyclopedia.com
artificial respiration, any measure that causes air to flow in and out of a persons lungs when natural breathing is inadequate ... artificial respiration (artificial ventilation) n. an emergency procedure for maintaining a flow of air into and out of a ... artificial respiration, any measure that causes air to flow in and out of a persons lungs when natural breathing is inadequate ... Respiration can be taken over by an artificial lung (especially in respiratory paralysis), a pulmotor, or any other type of ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/divisions-diagnostics-and-procedures/medicine/artificial-respiration
Artificial respiration | Britannica.comArtificial respiration | Britannica.com
Artificial respiration, breathing induced by some manipulative technique when natural respiration has ceased or is faltering. ... Artificial respiration, breathing induced by some manipulative technique when natural respiration has ceased or is faltering. ... National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Artificial Respiration. *Academia - Artificial Respiration: On ... the stoppage or impeding of respiration, as by strangulation, choking on food, or other exclusion of oxygenated air. See. ...
https://www.britannica.com/science/artificial-respiration
Cellular Respiration | Encyclopedia.comCellular Respiration | Encyclopedia.com
... aerobic respiration ) is the process by which energy-rich organic substrates are broken down into carbon dioxide and water , ... Source for information on Cellular Respiration: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science dictionary. ... Cellular respirationCellular respiration in the presence of oxygen ( ... Cellular respiration. Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration ) is the process by which energy-rich ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cellular-respiration-0
Respiration Books - AlibrisRespiration Books - Alibris
... used Respiration books online including bestsellers & rare titles at the best prices. Shop Respiration books at Alibris. ... Book subjects like Respiration. *Medical , Pulmonary & Thoracic Medicine. *Medical , Allied Health Services , Respiratory ...
https://www.alibris.com/search/books/subject/Respiration
Aerobic Respiration Questions - SG Biology- Investigating CellsAerobic Respiration Questions - SG Biology- Investigating Cells
Respiration is the process or processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the ...
https://sites.google.com/a/edubuzz.org/sg-biology--investigating-cells/revision-questions/aerobic-respiration-questions
ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #7 - YouTubeATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #7 - YouTube
... of cellular respiration and the various processes whereby our bodies create energy i... ... B) Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation 5:33. C) Aerobic Respiration 6:45. 4) Krebs Cycle 7:06. A) Acetyl COA 7:38. B) ... Cellular Respiration and the Mighty Mitochondria - Duration: 7:49. Amoeba Sisters 1,664,383 views ... Cellular Respiration Part 1: Glycolysis - Duration: 8:12. Professor Dave Explains 110,659 views ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ&feature=relmfu
Respiration Through Life, Health and DiseaseRespiration Through Life, Health and Disease
Online course on how respiration disorders occur and how to treat them. Learn about the physiology and pathophysiology of the ... Youll learn about lung and airway functioning, the control of respiration - at rest and during exercise - and the key factors ... understand modern ideas on lung and airway functioning, and understand the control of respiration, at rest and during exercise ... Youll also consider how respiration disorders occur and the rational basis for treatment for these disorders. ...
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lifelearning/courses/respiration-through-life-health-disease
Mouth to mask respiration. | The BMJMouth to mask respiration. | The BMJ
Mouth to mask respiration. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 292 :1739 ... Mouth to mask respiration.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 292 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6537.1739-c (Published 28 ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/292/6537/1739.4?change_country=1
Artificial Respiration - MRI + Gathaspar | Last.fmArtificial Respiration - MRI + Gathaspar | Last.fm
Artificial Respiration. Discover more music, concerts, videos, and pictures with the largest catalogue online at Last.fm. ...
https://www.last.fm/music/MRI+%252B+Gathaspar/Artificial+Respiration
Paradoxical respiration Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.comParadoxical respiration Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Paradoxical respiration definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. ... On examining the respiration and pulse, I have never been able to detect any characteristic abnormality. ... From higher up, at the level of the hidden bed, came the regular plaintive respiration of Sarah Gailey. ... It is produced abundantly when vegetable matters are burnt, as also during respiration, fermentation, and many other processes. ...
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/paradoxical-respiration
Patent US6672300 - Respiration assistor - Google PatentsPatent US6672300 - Respiration assistor - Google Patents
The respiration assistor is intended to be activated as and when required by an anaesthetist to provide in-phase respiratory ... The respiration assistor is intended to provide respiratory assistance for a patient (14) who is breathing spontaneously under ... For this purpose, the respiration assistor incorporates a blower (15) which is located in series with a gas flow detector (20 ... the respiration assistor incorporates an expiratory valve (23) that is actuated to a closed condition when the blower is ...
http://www.google.com/patents/US6672300?dq=PCT/US01/05609
Definitions of respiration - OneLook Dictionary SearchDefinitions of respiration - OneLook Dictionary Search
Phrases that include respiration: cheyne stokes respiration, external respiration, internal respiration, cellular respiration, ... respiration: Vocabulary.com [home, info] *respiration: Macmillan Dictionary [home, info] *Respiration, respiration: Wordnik [ ... respiration: Cambridge Dictionary of American English [home, info] *Respiration (physiology), Respiration (song), Respiration: ... respiration: Wiktionary [home, info] *respiration: Websters New World College Dictionary, 4th Ed. [home, info] *respiration: ...
https://www.onelook.com/?q=respiration&refclue=&loc=rcvote&r=1
Steps of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration | eHowSteps of Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration | eHow
Cellular Respiration. Cellular respiration is carried out by all plants, animals and soil microbes, and can be thought of as ... Plants use respiration to obtain energy from the carbon fixed during photosynthesis. Conversely, heterotrophs use respiration ... Respiration requires the use of available energy in the form of ATP, but the process results in the generation of a net gain in ... Respiration is the utilization of energy within the plant and results in the release of oxygen back into the atmosphere. ...
https://www.ehow.com/list_6141366_steps-photosynthesis-cellular-respiration.html
Patent US3241549 - Respiration detector - Google PatentsPatent US3241549 - Respiration detector - Google Patents
The respiration detector of `this invention includes a detector head member 10 mounted on the end of a support member 12. The ... The details of the structure of the respiration detector is shown in FIGS. 2 to 6. In those figures the body 14 of the detector ... A respiration detector comprising, in combination, a detector head member including a plastic dished body member substantially ... RESPIRATION DETECTOR Filed Sept. 25, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. TOMMY N. TYLER Rw/TM ATTORNEY. ...
http://www.google.com/patents/US3241549?dq=1886562
Quia - Cell Respiration ReviewQuia - Cell Respiration Review
These multiple-choice questions will help you review the AHL or Option C content for Cell Respiration. You have three attempts ... Cell Respiration Review. These multiple-choice questions will help you review the AHL or Option C content for Cell Respiration ...
https://www.quia.com/quiz/3066243.html
Artificial Blood and RespirationArtificial Blood and Respiration
... contributed by Robert A. Freitas Jr.. © Copyright 2000, Robert A. Freitas Jr.. All rights ...
https://foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/Medical/BloodRespir.html
Cellular respiration Essay | EssayCellular respiration Essay | Essay
Essays from BookRags provide great ideas for Cellular respiration essays and paper topics like Essay. View this student essay ... and aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.. The first example of structure determines function in cellular respiration ... This unit in biology, we studied cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells make energy to live. The subject for ... How Structure Determines Function in Cellular Respiration. Summary: Evaluates the details as to how structure determines ...
http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2003/5/6/195012/8115/
Cell Respiration and BioenergeticsCell Respiration and Bioenergetics
... Learning Modules on the parts of Cellular Respiration. Modules use animations to convey ... If you know the author of Cell Respiration and Bioenergetics, please help us out by filling out the form below and clicking ... You just viewed Cell Respiration and Bioenergetics. Please take a moment to rate this material. ...
https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=86357
Better Respiration | Yanko DesignBetter Respiration | Yanko Design
Sorry I can understand that its quite difficult to understand with these pages because the text is quite small. But this respirator uses GECKEL technology that safely adheres onto your face. Its reusable, safe, self-cleaning, strong, comfortable, and waterproof as well.. The indicator light is not always on. Only when the filters start to run out itll alert you early and itll blink once with a beep. Itll continue to blink and beep every ten minutes until the filters are fully exhausted. When the filter is fully exhausted, thats when the red light comes on and stays on to alert the user that he/she is not being protected.. If you want to know more, please visit my website or contact me.. http://network.artcenter.edu/tetsugakusasahara ...
http://www.yankodesign.com/2012/05/21/better-respiration/comment-page-1/
soil respiration | LCZO-Datasoil respiration | LCZO-Data
soil respiration. When Wet Gets Wetter: Decoupling of Moisture, Redox Biogeochemistry, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Humid ... Soil respiration was also decreased in the earthworm-reduced plots. In contrast, soil microbial biomass C was not affected by ... The annual mean soil respirations in the plantation and the secondary forest were 2.32 0.15 and 2.65 0.18 gCm 2 day 1, ... Jiménez R.A., Geochemical Model of Redox Reactions in a Tropical Rain Forest Stream Riparian Zone: DOC Oxidation, Respiration ...
https://www.sas.upenn.edu/lczodata/category/research-paper-keywords/soil-respiration
Photosynthesis/Respiration - Teachers (U.S. National Park Service)Photosynthesis/Respiration - Teachers (U.S. National Park Service)
Respiration: C6H12O6 +6O2 -, 6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. oSugar plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide plus water plus energy ... 2. These will be used to act out the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Post the equations of these processes where ... 3. They will be able to differentiate between photosynthesis and respiration.. Background. The students have probably heard ... Climate Change #2 - Photosynthesis/Respiration. .expandable a {font-size:.85em;} Wind Cave National Park ...
https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/photosynthesis-respiration.htm
Bill Nye the Science Guy S02E20 Respiration - YouTubeBill Nye the Science Guy S02E20 Respiration - YouTube
Cellular Respiration and the Mighty Mitochondria - Duration: 7:49. Amoeba Sisters 1,249,810 views ... Cellular Respiration Steps and Pathways - Duration: 4:41. Teachers Pet 125,454 views ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7NfGNJc6KU
Photosynthesis and respiraGlycolysisFermentationExternal respirationRespiratoryOccursBiologyAnaerobic cellular respirationMitochondriaArtificialMitochondrial respirationMetabolismMoleculesWendals Respiration for Horses2017PhysiologySearchOrganismsMoleculeProcess of cellular respirationAdenosineCellular respiration processHttpsReleases carbon dioxidePyruvateMetabolic processCarbon dioxide and waterAnimal respirationInhibitionSoil respirationAbnormal patternElectron acceptorAbsenceEnergyOxygen and glucoseBreaks down glucoseOxidativePlantKrebsOrganicLungsEnzymesVentilationChemicalOccurUndergoInhalationEquationsCellExcretionMeasurementInvolvesBreathing
Photosynthesis and respira9
  • Respiration requires the use of available energy in the form of ATP, but the process results in the generation of a net gain in ATP, meaning more energy is available for continued photosynthesis and respiration. (ehow.com)
  • 3. They will be able to differentiate between photosynthesis and respiration. (nps.gov)
  • 2. These will be used to act out the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. (nps.gov)
  • Terrestrial ecosystems currently offset one-quarter of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions because of a slight imbalance between global terrestrial photosynthesis and respiration 1 . (nature.com)
  • There is enough stuff here to build a very lab centered unit on photosynthesis and respiration. (merlot.org)
  • Photosynthesis and respiration form a closed cycle. (oase-livingwater.com)
  • What are some differences and similarities between photosynthesis and respiration?Compare and. (enotes.com)
  • How do photosynthesis and respiration compare? (enotes.com)
  • Difference between photosynthesis and respiration? (enotes.com)
Glycolysis10
  • Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidized glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system). (wikipedia.org)
  • Enzymes involved in respiration also function at optimal levels at specific pH levels: more basic environments for glycolysis enzymes and a more acidic environment for citric acid cycle enzymes. (inra.fr)
  • Cellular respiration involves four stages: glycolysis, the grooming phase, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. (bartleby.com)
  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is created in organisms through the processes of photosynthesis, glycolysis, cellular respiration and fermentation. (reference.com)
  • Cellular respiration has three phases glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport. (answers.com)
  • Aerobic and anaerobic respiration both begin with glycolysis, the first stage in the breakdown of glucose. (ehow.co.uk)
  • Anaerobic respiration can also follow glycolysis and generates two molecules of ATP and produces lactic acid as a byproduct. (ehow.co.uk)
  • Anaerobic respiration can metabolise pyruvic acid, and in the process, regenerate enzymes necessary for glycolysis, facilitating further aerobic respiration. (ehow.co.uk)
  • Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial respiration begins with a step, glycolysis, that is primarily concerned with the breakdown of sugar to create ATP and important byproducts. (livestrong.com)
Fermentation8
  • It is produced abundantly when vegetable matters are burnt, as also during respiration, fermentation, and many other processes. (dictionary.com)
  • What is the difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration? (reference.com)
  • Three common anaerobic respirations include alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation and decomposition of organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • In doing so, we will see how fermentation and cellular respiration takes place when oxygen is not present. (bartleby.com)
  • Fermentation and anaerobic respiration Get 3 of 4 questions to level up! (khanacademy.org)
  • Learn more about cellular respiration, fermentation, and other processes that extract energy from fuel molecules like glucose. (khanacademy.org)
  • Anaerobic respiration is often used interchangeably with fermentation , especially when the glycolytic pathway is used for energy production in the cell. (bionity.com)
  • Hence, scientists who study prokaryotic physiology view anaerobic respiration and fermentation as distinct processes and therefore do not use the terms interchangeably. (bionity.com)
External respiration3
  • Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "external respiration" is defined. (onelook.com)
  • Here is the respiration phases: the respiratory gas transport, internal respiration, external respiration, and the pulmonary ventilation. (answers.com)
  • 1. (Biology) the process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide ( external respiration ). (thefreedictionary.com)
Respiratory14
  • artificial respiration, any measure that causes air to flow in and out of a person's lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or ceases, as in respiratory paralysis, drowning, electric shock, choking, gas or smoke inhalation, or poisoning. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Respiration can be taken over by an artificial lung (especially in respiratory paralysis), a pulmotor, or any other type of mechanical respirator (see resuscitator ). (encyclopedia.com)
  • Resuscitation by inducing artificial respiration consists chiefly of two actions: (1) establishing and maintaining an open air passage from the upper respiratory tract ( mouth , throat, and pharynx ) to the lungs and (2) exchanging air and carbon dioxide in the terminal air sacs of the lungs while the heart is still functioning. (britannica.com)
  • The researchers proceeded to develop techniques to overcome obstruction, such as lifting of the chin, and subsequently demonstrated that mouth-to-mouth respiration was superior to other methods in the quantity of air that could be delivered in each respiratory cycle (tidal volume). (britannica.com)
  • You'll learn about lung and airway functioning, the control of respiration - at rest and during exercise - and the key factors involved in major respiratory diseases . (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The respiration assistor is intended to provide respiratory assistance for a patient (14) who is breathing spontaneously under anaesthesia in order that the patient's end-expired CO2 will be maintained at or near the normal physiological. (google.com)
  • The respiration assistor is intended to be activated as and when required by an anaesthetist to provide in-phase respiratory assistance to a patient who is breathing spontaneously and, in any case, the respiration assistor remains in-circle with and does not affect the normal function of an associated circle absorber. (google.com)
  • Physiological respiration occurs across the respiratory system, which includes the upper and lower respiratory tracts. (reference.com)
  • Using a simple but effective blend of herbs including Garlic, Thyme, Fennel and Liquorice Root, Wendals Respiration provides long-lasting soothing and therapeutic respiratory effects, whilst also supporting the respiratory system through top quality nutrition. (viovet.co.uk)
  • While oxygen-based pathways are the respiratory method of choice because of their greater efficiency, there are many instances in which anaerobic respiration has a useful function, or even an advantage. (ehow.co.uk)
  • Aerobic respiration is the respiratory pathway of choice for oxygen-dependent organisms because of its greater efficiency. (ehow.co.uk)
  • Thus the lead axes vary at different points in the respiratory cycle, and any sufficiently precise measurement of the mean cardiac electrical axis shows variations that are correlated with respiration. (physionet.org)
  • The specialized system that brings about this critical process of respiration in human beings is known as the human respiratory system. (answerbag.com)
  • Cellular respiration in plants takes in oxygen and produces carbon dioxide in the lungs through the respiratory gas carried in the blood stream. (smore.com)
Occurs12
  • Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction , it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in a living cell because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Agonal respiration occurs in 40% of cardiac arrests experienced outside a hospital environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular respiration occurs 24 HOURS/DAY in all organisms. (angelfire.com)
  • Respiration occurs in three stages. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The third stage of cellular respiration occurs when the energy-rich hydrogen atoms are separated into protons [H+] and energy-rich electrons in the electron transport chain. (encyclopedia.com)
  • While Cheyne-Stokes respiration usually occurs during slee, it may also happen during waking hours. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • About.com reveals that energy production occurs in cells through the metabolic process of cellular respiration, which produces energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (reference.com)
  • In plants, respiration often occurs at the surface of leaves through stomatal holes, but it occurs on stems in some plant species. (reference.com)
  • Respiration in green plants occurs during photosynthesis. (yourdictionary.com)
  • There are many chemical pathways by which respiration occurs. (ehow.co.uk)
  • Cell Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of the cell, as you can see below. (smore.com)
  • Also, photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast and cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (smore.com)
Biology2
  • This unit in biology, we studied cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells make energy to live. (bookrags.com)
  • Primarily used for experiments in biology and physiology, the NeuLog® Respiration Monitor Belt Sensor measures respiration rates by strapping a belt around the test subject. (carolina.com)
Anaerobic cellular respiration5
  • Several examples of structure determines function in cellular respiration are as follows: ATP and ADP and how they are used in the cell, enzymes, and aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. (bookrags.com)
  • the two main types of cellular respiration are aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration. (answers.com)
  • They undergo either anaerobic cellular respiration or aerobic cellular respiration. (answers.com)
  • Differentiate anaerobic cellular respiration from aerobic respiration? (answers.com)
  • Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Respiration describes sequences of enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions within cells to produce life sustaining energy (Turtle, 2015). (bartleby.com)
Mitochondria10
  • Respiration rates of muscle mitochondria in flying hummingbirds range from 7 to 10 ml of O2 per cm3 of mitochondria per min, which is about 2 times higher than the range obtained in the locomotory muscles of mammals running at their maximum aerobic capacities (VO2max). (pnas.org)
  • Specifically, the mitochondria is where pyruvate --derived from glucose-- is converted into ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration. (bartleby.com)
  • According to Georgia State University, aerobic respiration is characteristic of eukaryotic cells, and most of it takes place in the mitochondria. (reference.com)
  • The site of cellular respiration in cells is the organelle called the mitochondria. (answers.com)
  • Different phases of cellular respiration occur in different areas of the mitochondria. (answers.com)
  • What phases of cellular respiration occur inside the mitochondria? (answers.com)
  • Ochratoxin A and one of its hydrolysis products, dihydroisocoumarin, severely inhibited coupled respiration when applied at low concentration to rat liver mitochondria. (sciencemag.org)
  • Cellular respiration is a process that mostly takes place in the mitochondria where cells break down food and turn in it into adenosine triphosphate(ATP), or in more simpler terms, energy for the cell. (bartleby.com)
  • If TFB1M is missing, mitochondria are unable to produce any proteins at all and cellular respiration cannot take place. (scienceblog.com)
  • To understand this regulatory process, respiration was measured in primary rat adipocytes, mitochondria, and fat-fed mice. (nih.gov)
Artificial6
  • In emergency situations, however, when no professional help is available, rescuers undertake the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method of artificial respiration. (encyclopedia.com)
  • When victims vomit, they must be turned on their side and the airway cleaned before continuing artificial respiration. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Artificial respiration , breathing induced by some manipulative technique when natural respiration has ceased or is faltering. (britannica.com)
  • Various methods of artificial respiration, most based on the application of external force to the lungs, were once used. (britannica.com)
  • Mouth-to-mouth breathing soon after became the most widely used method of artificial respiration. (britannica.com)
  • Artificial respiration being taught in a Red Cross first aid class to State employees in the Wisconsin State Capitol Assembly Parlor, supervised by Arne Lerwick (far right), instructor from the Madison Fire Department. (wisconsinhistory.org)
Mitochondrial respiration1
  • We propose that both mitochondrial volume densities and Sv(im,m) are near their maximum theoretical limits in hummingbirds and that higher rates of mitochondrial respiration than those observed in mammals are achieved in vivo as a result of higher capacities for O2 delivery and substrate catabolism. (pnas.org)
Metabolism6
  • Cellfood has an array of benefits to the body that include increasing cellular respiration, boosting energy, metabolism catalyst, balancing body metabolism. (reference.com)
  • With the aid of respiration (metabolism) it is possible for life forms to convert external biomass (food) and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, and obtain energy in the process. (oase-livingwater.com)
  • Mice completely lacking in TFB1M die early in the foetal stage as they are unable to develop cellular respiration," says Medodi Metodiev, one of the researchers involved in the study, which is presented in Cell Metabolism. (scienceblog.com)
  • My research aims to understand the role respiration plays in the primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism of plants and their response to oxidative stress, and the dynamics of the plant proteome under limiting conditions. (edu.au)
  • Also known as oxidative metabolism or aerobic metabolism, or aerobic respiration. (medindia.net)
  • In the field of prokaryotic metabolism , anaerobic respiration has a more specific meaning. (bionity.com)
Molecules15
  • Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules [1] or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions , which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy because weak high-energy bonds, in particular in molecular oxygen, [3] are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] However, some anaerobic organisms, such as methanogens are able to continue with anaerobic respiration , yielding more ATP by using other inorganic molecules (not oxygen) of high energy as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular respiration is the process by which food molecules react with oxygen and are broken down to carbon dioxide and water with a net gain of captured energy in the form of ATP molecules. (angelfire.com)
  • Both are molecules that are used in cellular respiration to make energy. (bookrags.com)
  • HS-LS1-7: Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy. (akc.org)
  • These molecules, including the enzymes involved in respiration, are in contact with soil particles. (inra.fr)
  • The only things needed to form an Exomet are the death of microorganisms and the stabilisation by molecules of respiration enzymes, so it's very likely that the phenomenon is widespread in nature! (inra.fr)
  • Cell respiration refers to the process of converting the chemical energy of organic molecules into a form immediately usable by organisms. (vernier.com)
  • Respiration, not to be confused with breathing, is any process by which a cell releases energy from the chemical bonds of complex molecules, such as glucose. (ehow.co.uk)
  • One molecule of glucose can be converted into up to 32 molecules of ATP during aerobic respiration, but only two molecules of ATP per glucose molecule are gained from anaerobic respiration. (ehow.co.uk)
  • In other situations, bacteria use one or more different molecules as a final electron acceptor for respiration. (livestrong.com)
  • The purpose of respiration is to provide the cell with the appropriate molecules for creating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, ATP. (livestrong.com)
  • Anaerobic respiration (anaerobiosis) refers to the oxidation of molecules in the absence of oxygen to produce energy, in opposition to aerobic respiration which does use oxygen. (bionity.com)
  • In this case, anaerobic respiration is defined as a membrane-bound biological process coupling the oxidation of electron donating substrates (e.g. sugars and other organic compounds, but also inorganic molecules like hydrogen, sulfide/sulfur, ammonia, metals or metal ions) to the reduction of suitable external electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen. (bionity.com)
Wendals Respiration for Horses1
  • There are currently no questions for Wendals Respiration for Horses - be the first to ask one! (viovet.co.uk)
20172
  • Aldo San Pedro BIO 196-2023 Sharma October 30 2017 Writing Assignment #2 Cellular Respiration is one of the most important biochemical reactions. (bartleby.com)
  • The advantages of anaerobic respiration" last modified May 13, 2017. (ehow.co.uk)
Physiology1
  • Handbook of Physiology (Sec. 3, Respiration, Vol. 2). (springer.com)
Search1
  • Cellular+respiration - Google Search. (smore.com)
Organisms7
  • All organisms utilize the processes of cellular respiration to provide energy for cellular maintenance and for the production of starting materials for the biosynthesis of needed compounds. (angelfire.com)
  • Respiration in living organisms works by exchanging gases to support essential metabolic processes. (reference.com)
  • Gas exchange at the cellular wall is the entire process of respiration for unicellular organisms and other simple living things. (reference.com)
  • How many organisms need to be in a food chain to carry out cellular respiration? (answers.com)
  • Do all organisms do cellular respiration? (answers.com)
  • In multicellular organisms that require oxygen, such as human beings, anaerobic respiration can act as a backup when cellular oxygen is depleted. (ehow.co.uk)
  • We have recently shown that beyond its role in respiration, this protein complex is also involved in defence signalling in plants by helping plants to respond to invading organisms like pathogenic fungi and it also alter the growth of roots. (edu.au)
Molecule4
  • Any organic molecule that contains bond energy can be used as a fuel in cellular respiration. (angelfire.com)
  • ATP has three phosphate groups and during cellular respiration, it loses a phosphate making it an ADP molecule. (bookrags.com)
  • 2. What molecule is essential for aerobic respiration to take place? (sparknotes.com)
  • During aerobic respiration the Pyruvate enters the Citric acid cycle in which 6 CO2 (1 molecule of glucose has 6 carbons), 2 ATP, 8 NADH and 2 FADH are produced. (bartleby.com)
Process of cellular respiration1
  • Whilst explaining the two body systems I will be explaining energy production, process of cellular respiration, the role of enzymes within these body systems, the way that these systems absorb food and the products of digestion. (bartleby.com)
Adenosine2
  • Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen ( aerobic respiration ) is the process by which energy-rich organic substrates are broken down into carbon dioxide and water , with the release of a considerable amount of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (encyclopedia.com)
  • Aerobic Cellular Respiration Humans, and all animals, use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the main energy source in cells. (bartleby.com)
Cellular respiration process5
  • Using the video as a guide, review the cellular respiration process when finished and have students share their notes. (akc.org)
  • Instruct student groups to create a model depicting the cellular respiration process in dogs from start to finish. (akc.org)
  • Models must have labels and accurately represent the cellular respiration process. (akc.org)
  • What are the 3 phases of the cellular respiration process? (answers.com)
  • The cellular respiration process has three phases. (answers.com)
Https2
  • 2015. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Diagnosaurus/114604/all/Cheyne_Stokes_respiration. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • https://www.ehow.co.uk/list_6874497_advantages-anaerobic-respiration.html. (ehow.co.uk)
Releases carbon dioxide2
  • Wikipedia notes that cells use oxygen to produce energy through the process of aerobic respiration, which releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. (reference.com)
  • Photosynthesis releases oxygen, and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide. (smore.com)
Pyruvate3
  • Anaerobic respiration breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen, and produces pyruvate, which is then reduced to lactate or to ethanol and CO2. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Respiration was only stimulated when reactive oxygen species (ROS) were scavenged by pyruvate or NAC: other fuels or fuel combinations had little effect. (nih.gov)
  • These studies suggest for the first time that adipocyte O(2) consumption may be inhibited by ROS, because pyruvate and NAC stimulated respiration. (nih.gov)
Metabolic process2
  • Rather, respiration is the metabolic process by which carbon compounds, such as glucose, are utilized for energy. (ehow.com)
  • Respiration is the metabolic process by which energy is harvested from glucose through the consumption of oxygen. (ehow.com)
Carbon dioxide and water4
  • Whereas carbon dioxide and water are consumed during photosynthesis, both of these compounds are produced during respiration. (ehow.com)
  • Cellular respiration is the process by which animals take in oxygen and exchange it for carbon dioxide and water as waste products. (shmoop.com)
  • Respiration may refer to: Cellular respiration, the process in which nutrients are converted into useful energy in a cell while also eliminating waste products, carbon dioxide and water. (wikipedia.org)
  • In respiration, oxygen and glucose combine to produce adenotriphosphate (ATP) or energy as a byproduct with waste products carbon dioxide and water. (enotes.com)
Animal respiration2
  • Plant photosynthesis and animal respiration form a carbon cycle, where plants consume CO2 and release oxygen (O2), while animals consume oxygen and release the CO2 that is then used by plants. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Animal respiration: walrus, frog, and butt-breathing turtle. (slate.com)
Inhibition1
  • Figure 2: Composite seasonal cycles of GEP and DER indicate strong inhibition of aboveground respiration by light and sustained photosynthetic efficiency. (nature.com)
Soil respiration9
  • Soil respiration measurement: chamber with infrared gas analyser. (wsl.ch)
  • Schematic representation of C fluxes including soil respiration in forests. (wsl.ch)
  • Soil respiration, i.e. the CO 2 flux from the soil, is the largest CO 2 flux in ecosystems besides photosynthesis. (wsl.ch)
  • Therefore, if soil respiration changes, this can significantly affect the CO 2 balance of forests and their climate impact. (wsl.ch)
  • Soil respiration consists of two components: (1) on the one hand, leaf litter, dead roots and soil humus are broken down by microorganisms, thereby releasing CO 2 . (wsl.ch)
  • Measurement of soil respiration: a chamber is placed on the soil surface and the increase in CO 2 concentration is monitored by an infrared gas analyser. (wsl.ch)
  • Temperature and water availability are the most important direct factors that control soil respiration. (wsl.ch)
  • In the long term, soil respiration also depends on the productivity of the plants that transfer their carbon to the soil. (wsl.ch)
  • The linearly increasing CO2 concentration is the rate of soil respiration. (wsl.ch)
Abnormal pattern2
  • Agonal respiration, gasping respiration or agonal breathing is an abnormal pattern of breathing and brainstem reflex characterized by gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations and myoclonus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cheyne-Stokes respiration, also known as periodic respiration, is an abnormal pattern of breathing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Electron acceptor2
  • Anaerobic respiration processes require another electron acceptor to replace oxygen. (bionity.com)
  • In anaerobic respiration, as the electrons from the electron donor are transported down the electron transport chain to the terminal electron acceptor, protons are translocated over the cell membrane from "inside" to "outside", establishing a concentration gradient across the membrane which temporarily stores the energy released in the chemical reactions. (bionity.com)
Absence6
  • It is another object of the present invention to provide improved respiration detector as set forth characterized in `its-high sensitivity, its convenience of application, its response` tothe exhalation of breath, whether from the nose or mouth, and the absence of discomfort or inconvenience imposed upon the person under observation. (google.com)
  • We realised that respiration was occurring in the absence of living cells. (inra.fr)
  • Anaerobic respiration produces small amounts of energy in the absence of oxygen. (reference.com)
  • Anaerobic respiration, cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Definition of anaerobic respiration: the breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen with a small amount of energy. (bionity.com)
  • Anaerobic respiration is in the absence of air. (mixbook.com)
Energy22
  • Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar , amino acids and fatty acids , and the most common oxidizing agent providing most of the chemical energy is molecular oxygen (O 2 ). (wikipedia.org)
  • In BURNING there is an UNCONTROLLED, rapid release of energy with accompanying HIGH TEMPERATURES, but in CELLULAR RESPIRATION energy is released in discrete amounts due to ENZYME CONTROL of the process. (angelfire.com)
  • In BURNING most of the energy is released in the form of HEAT and LIGHT, but in cellular respiration most of the energy is used to create NEW CHEMICAL BONDS and only a relatively small amount of heat energy is liberated (2nd Law of Thermodynamics). (angelfire.com)
  • In which Hank does some push ups for science and describes the "economy" of cellular respiration and the various processes whereby our bodies create energy in the form of ATP. (youtube.com)
  • Respiration is the utilization of energy within the plant and results in the release of oxygen back into the atmosphere. (ehow.com)
  • Plants use respiration to obtain energy from the carbon fixed during photosynthesis. (ehow.com)
  • Conversely, heterotrophs use respiration to yield energy from the food that they consume. (ehow.com)
  • Provide students with a simple definition of cellular respiration: Cellular respiration is the method by which cells in humans, plants, and animals break down sugar (or glucose) from the food that they eat, which in turn changes into energy or ATP. (akc.org)
  • Respiration is important because it produces energy that is essential for the normal functioning of the body. (reference.com)
  • What is the energy from respiration used for? (reference.com)
  • The energy from respiration is used to utilize stored energy within an organism's body when necessary. (reference.com)
  • Respiration is a chemical process that involves the release of energy from glucose and other food substances. (reference.com)
  • All animals use biochemical respiration to deliver oxygen across the cell wall, and they use the gas to acquire energy. (reference.com)
  • Cellular Respiration is converting glucose to usable energy. (answers.com)
  • Respiration is the cellular process of releasing energy from food and storing it as ATP. (bbc.com)
  • Effect of Boiling on the Rate of Aerobic Respiration of Germinating Peas Abstract Aerobic respiration is an enzyme mediated process during which glucose is used to make ATP to fuel the cells energy needs. (bartleby.com)
  • PRESS RELEASE, 8 April 2009] Many diseases derive from problems with cellular respiration, the process through which cells extract energy from nutrients. (scienceblog.com)
  • Respiration is the process by which we exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide in the production of energy by our cells. (enotes.com)
  • Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of Oxygen. (mixbook.com)
  • In the case of anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken and the products generated from this are energy and either lactic acid or ethanol (alcohol) and CO2. (mixbook.com)
  • The plant cells break down sugar through cellular respiration then the sugar particles produce energy. (smore.com)
Oxygen and glucose1
  • Living cells need oxygen and glucose to chemically react with each other in order to produce aerobic respiration. (reference.com)
Breaks down glucose1
  • To make ATP, a muscle cell (Myocyte) utilises Oxygen provided by Myoglobin (a muscle-fibre oxygen-binding protein) and breaks down glucose in aerobic cellular respiration. (bartleby.com)
Oxidative1
  • [1] Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation . (wikipedia.org)
Plant6
  • The most basic plant respiration experiment will simply demonstrate that plants do respire, thus creating carbon dioxide. (ehow.com)
  • This can tell you how much oxygen the plant has used up during the respiration process. (ehow.com)
  • To do this, use different types of aquatic plants, or different sizes of the same aquatic plant, and use cabbage water or an oxygen probe to measure the different rates of respiration for each plant. (ehow.com)
  • What is plant respiration? (answers.com)
  • Compare the process of respiration and photosynthesis in a green plant. (enotes.com)
  • Cellular respiration in an animal cell is very similar to a plant cell. (smore.com)
Krebs1
  • Also in the second stage of cellular respiration, the carbon atoms of the intermediate metabolic products in the Krebs cycle are converted to carbon dioxide . (encyclopedia.com)
Organic3
  • Finally, as plants and animals die, their tissue is decomposed by soil microbes and the organic matter is consumed as a food source, and the microbes return the carbon to the atmosphere through respiration. (ehow.com)
  • Here, we explore the significance of microaerobic respiration as a source of ammonium during organic matter degradation in the oxygen-deficient waters off Namibia and Peru. (mendeley.com)
  • Our results suggest that microaerobic respiration is a major mode of organic matter remineralization and source of ammonium (∼45-100%) in the upper oxygen minimum zones, and reconcile hitherto observed mismatches between ammonium producing and consuming processes therein. (mendeley.com)
Lungs4
  • Cellular Respiration the movement of air into and out of the lungs. (prezi.com)
  • respiration During inhalation (top), the diaphragm descends and air fills the lungs. (yourdictionary.com)
  • In air-breathing vertebrates, respiration takes place in the lungs. (yourdictionary.com)
  • The chief organ in mammalian respiration is the lungs . (shmoop.com)
Enzymes7
  • Cellular respiration is a series of ENZYMATIC REACTIONS, and biological combustion cannot take place ANY FASTER than the controlling enzymes will permit. (angelfire.com)
  • A fraction of the enzymes in soil microorganisms, released when the latter die, migrate to soil particles and re-initiate the process of respiration. (inra.fr)
  • Until now, it was thought that respiration could only occur in an intracellular environment in which enzymes are protected inside cellular compartments in specific physical and chemical conditions. (inra.fr)
  • A small fraction (5-10%) of these enzymes will connect with minerals or humus to reconstitute a meta-organism capable of producing the cascade of chemical reactions which occur in respiration. (inra.fr)
  • Soil particles play a major role in protecting enzymes from respiration. (inra.fr)
  • Although we cannot make any generalisations for the moment, it appears that the texture and pH of a soil affect the intensity of the Exomet: the finer the soil particles, the more the enzymes appear to be stabilised by absorption, and the better the extracellular respiration. (inra.fr)
  • During a heat wave, most of the enzymes involved in photosynthesis cease to function at 40°C, while those involved in respiration continue to function due to Exomet. (inra.fr)
Ventilation1
  • Physiological respiration is also known as ventilation and breathing, and it involves inhalation and exhalation processes. (reference.com)
Chemical1
  • Cellular respiration involves the chemical release o. (reference.com)
Occur3
  • You'll also consider how respiration disorders occur and the rational basis for treatment for these disorders. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Cheyne-Stokes respiration can occur in people with neurological conditions, or congestive heart failure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Where does cellular respiration occur? (answers.com)
Undergo2
  • It is known that peas undergo cell respiration during germination. (vernier.com)
  • What organ cells undergo aerobic respiration? (reference.com)
Inhalation1
  • Is exhalation and inhalation known as cellular respiration? (answers.com)
Equations1
  • Students use puzzle pieces representing the components of the equations for photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration and answer questions about these processes. (curriki.org)
Cell12
  • These multiple-choice questions will help you review the AHL or Option C content for Cell Respiration. (quia.com)
  • Modules use animations to convey dynamic process of cell respiration. (merlot.org)
  • You just viewed Cell Respiration and Bioenergetics . (merlot.org)
  • If you know the author of Cell Respiration and Bioenergetics , please help us out by filling out the form below and clicking Send. (merlot.org)
  • The main functions of respiration are growth processes, converting photosynthate and exogenous inorganic nutrients into cell material using ATP, NADPH and C skeleton manipulations, and maintenance using ATP. (springer.com)
  • After completing the Preliminary Activity, you will first use reference sources to find out more about peas, seeds, germination, and cell respiration before you choose and investigate a researchable question dealing with the cell respiration. (vernier.com)
  • Every cell in an animal requires oxygen to perform cellular respiration. (shmoop.com)
  • This is relevant during respiration because oxygen and carbon dioxide are often highly concentrated on opposite sides of a cell membrane. (shmoop.com)
  • Researchers at the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet have now discovered a new function for a protein in the mitochondrion - popularly called the cell's power station - that plays a key part in cell respiration. (scienceblog.com)
  • The relation between photosynthesis and cell respiration in cells is important, yet simple. (smore.com)
  • Although they don't produce and require the same products, photosynthesis and cell respiration both rely on the movement of electrons. (smore.com)
  • There are many differences with photosynthesis and cell respiration, but one of the biggest ones is what they produce. (smore.com)
Excretion1
  • Unit 4: Respiration, circulation and excretion Sistema digestivo Glándulas digestivas Tracto digestivo Sistema respiratorio Alvéolos Bronquios Bronquiolos Capilares Dióxido de carbono Laringe Pulmones Faringe Tráquea Sistema circulatorio Arterias Vasos. (calameo.com)
Measurement1
  • Carvalho MC, Eyre BD (2012) Measurement of planktonic respiration in the light. (springer.com)
Involves1
  • The physiological processes that lead to the development of Cheyne-Stokes respiration, which involves the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and sympathetic nervous systems, are not fully understood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Breathing6
  • The term is sometimes (inaccurately) used to refer to labored, gasping breathing patterns accompanying organ failure (e.g. liver failure and renal failure), SIRS, septic shock, and metabolic acidosis (see Kussmaul breathing, or in general any labored breathing, including Biot's respirations and ataxic respirations). (wikipedia.org)
  • A respiration assistor (10) for use in an anaesthesia breathing system. (google.com)
  • It consists of cycles of breathing, which become increasingly deeper, followed by periods where respiration becomes gradually shallower. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Respiration is taking a breath or the act of breathing. (yourdictionary.com)
  • If you tell the patient/client that you're going to count their respirations, wouldn't they be tempted to control their breathing pattern? (allnurses.com)
  • A pattern of breathing with varying depth of respiration and brief periods of apnea. (medindia.net)
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