The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a maximal expiration. Common abbreviation is RV.
The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: VITAL CAPACITY plus RESIDUAL VOLUME; INSPIRATORY CAPACITY plus FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; TIDAL VOLUME plus INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus functional residual capacity; or tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus residual volume.
Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.
The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.
Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.
The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.
Enlargement of air spaces distal to the TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES where gas-exchange normally takes place. This is usually due to destruction of the alveolar wall. Pulmonary emphysema can be classified by the location and distribution of the lesions.
Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.
Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Inhaling liquid or solids, such as stomach contents, into the RESPIRATORY TRACT. When this causes severe lung damage, it is called ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.
A process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus.
Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.
The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.
Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.
The amount of a gas taken up, by the pulmonary capillary blood from the alveolar gas, per minute per unit of average pressure of the gradient of the gas across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.
The mechanical laws of fluid dynamics as they apply to urine transport.
Nutritional support given via the alimentary canal or any route connected to the gastrointestinal system (i.e., the enteral route). This includes oral feeding, sip feeding, and tube feeding using nasogastric, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes.
Discharge of URINE, liquid waste processed by the KIDNEY, from the body.
The evacuation of food from the stomach into the duodenum.
The insertion of a tube into the stomach, intestines, or other portion of the gastrointestinal tract to allow for the passage of food products, etc.
The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)
Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).
The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy.
The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.
The act of BREATHING in.
Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.
The contents included in all or any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.
A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.
Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.
The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.
Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER.
A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The airflow rate measured during the first liter expired after the first 200 ml have been exhausted during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are MEFR, FEF 200-1200, and FEF 0.2-1.2.
These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.
Difficult or labored breathing.
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.
Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.
The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.
The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.
Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.
A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Blocked urine flow through the bladder neck, the narrow internal urethral opening at the base of the URINARY BLADDER. Narrowing or strictures of the URETHRA can be congenital or acquired. It is often observed in males with enlarged PROSTATE glands.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Volume of PLASMA in the circulation. It is usually measured by INDICATOR DILUTION TECHNIQUES.
A tube that transports URINE from the URINARY BLADDER to the outside of the body in both the sexes. It also has a reproductive function in the male by providing a passage for SPERM.
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.
Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.
Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.
A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Expiratory and inspiratory chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in cigarette smokers. (1/118)

This study evaluated small airway dysfunction and emphysematous destruction of lung parenchyma in cigarette smokers, using chest expiratory high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFT). The degree of emphysematous destruction was classified by visual scoring (VS) and the average HRCT number at full expiration/full inspiration (E/I ratio) calculated in 63 male smokers and 10 male nonsmokers (group A). The Brinkman smoking index (BI), defined as cigarettes x day(-1) x yrs, was estimated. Sixty-three smokers were divided into three groups by PFT: group B1 (n=7), with normal PFT; group B2 (n=21), with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL,CO) > or = 80% predicted, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < 80% pred and/or residual volume (RV) > 120% pred; and group B3 (n=35), with DL,CO < 80% pred, FEV1 < 80% pred and/or RV > 120% pred. Heavy smokers (BI > or = 600) (n=48) showed a significant increase in emphysema by both VS and E/I. E/I was significantly elevated in both group B2 (mean+/-SD 0.95+/-0.05) and B3 (0.96+/-0.06) compared with group B1 (0.89+/-0.03). VS could not differentiate group B2 (3.9+/-5.0) from B1 (1.1+/-1.6). These findings suggest that the expiration/inspiration ratio reflects hyperinflation and airway obstruction, regardless of the functional characteristics of emphysema, in cigarette smokers.  (+info)

Subcellular adaptation of the human diaphragm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (2/118)

Pulmonary hyperinflation impairs the function of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it has been recently demonstrated that the muscle can counterbalance this deleterious effect, remodelling its structure (i.e. changing the proportion of different types of fibres). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the functional impairment present in COPD patients can be associated with structural subcellular changes of the diaphragm. Twenty individuals (60+/-9 yrs, 11 COPD patients and 9 subjects with normal spirometry) undergoing thoracotomy were included. Nutritional status and respiratory function were evaluated prior to surgery. Then, small samples of the costal diaphragm were obtained and processed for electron microscopy analysis. COPD patients showed a mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 60+/-9% predicted, a higher concentration of mitochondria (n(mit)) in their diaphragm than controls (0.62+/-0.16 versus 0.46+/-0.16 mitochondrial transections (mt) x microm(-2), p<0.05). On the other hand, subjects with air trapping (residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) >37%) disclosed not only a higher n(mit) (0.63+/-0.17 versus 0.43+/-0.07 mt x microm(-2), p<0.05) but shorter sarcomeres (L(sar)) than subjects without this functional abnormality (2.08+/-0.16 to 2.27+/-0.15 microm, p<0.05). Glycogen stores were similar in COPD and controls. The severity of airways obstruction (i.e. FEV1) was associated with n(mit) (r=-0.555, p=0.01), while the amount of air trapping (i.e. RV/TLC) was found to correlate with both n(mit) (r=0.631, p=0.005) and L(sar) (r=-0.526, p<0.05). Finally, maximal inspiratory pressure (PI,max) inversely correlated with n(mit) (r=-0.547, p=0.01). In conclusion, impairment in lung function occurring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with subcellular changes in their diaphragm, namely a shortening in the length of sarcomeres and an increase in the concentration of mitochondria. These changes form a part of muscle remodelling, probably contributing to a better functional muscle behaviour.  (+info)

Long-term recovery of diaphragm strength in neuralgic amyotrophy. (3/118)

Diaphragm paralysis is a recognized complication of neuralgic amyotrophy that causes severe dyspnoea. Although recovery of strength in the arm muscles, when affected, is common, there are little data on recovery of diaphragm function. This study, therefore, re-assessed diaphragm strength in cases of bilateral diaphragm paralysis due to neuralgic amyotrophy that had previously been diagnosed at the authors institutions. Fourteen patients were recalled between 2 and 11 yrs after the original diagnosis. Respiratory muscle and diaphragm strength were measured by volitional manoeuvres as maximal inspiratory pressure and sniff transdiaphragmatic pressure. Cervical magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation was used to give a nonvolitional measure of diaphragm strength: twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure. Only two patients remained severely breathless. Ten of the 14 patients had evidence of some recovery of diaphragm strength, in seven cases to within 50% of the lower limit of normal. The rate of recovery was variable: one patient had some recovery after 2 yrs, and the rest took 3 yrs or more. In conclusion, in most patients with diaphragm paralysis due to neuralgic amyotrophy, some recovery of the diaphragm strength occurs, but the rate of recovery may be slow.  (+info)

Human lung volumes and the mechanisms that set them. (4/118)

Definitions of human lung volumes and the mechanisms that set them are reviewed in the context of pulmonary function testing, with attention to the distinction between functional residual capacity (FRC) and the static relaxation volume of the respiratory system, and to the circumstances in which FRC and residual volume are set by dynamic rather than by static mechanisms. Related terms, conventions, and issues are addressed, including some common semantic and conceptual difficulties, with attention to "gas trapping", "hyperinflation", and "restriction".  (+info)

Differential lung mechanics are genetically determined in inbred murine strains. (5/118)

Genetic determinants of lung structure and function have been demonstrated by differential phenotypes among inbred mice strains. For example, previous studies have reported phenotypic variation in baseline ventilatory measurements of standard inbred murine strains as well as segregant and nonsegregant offspring of C3H/HeJ (C3) and C57BL/6J (B6) progenitors. One purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis that a genetic basis for differential baseline breathing pattern is due to variation in lung mechanical properties. Quasi-static pressure-volume curves were performed on standard and recombinant inbred strains to explore the interactive role of lung mechanics in determination of functional baseline ventilatory outcomes. At airway pressures between 0 and 30 cmH2O, lung volumes are significantly (P < 0.01) greater in C3 mice relative to the B6 and A/J strains. In addition, the B6C3F1/J offspring demonstrate lung mechanical properties significantly (P < 0.01) different from the C3 progenitor but not distinguishable from the B6 progenitor. With the use of recombinant inbred strains derived from C3 and B6 progenitors, cosegregation analysis between inspiratory timing and measurements of lung volume and compliance indicate that strain differences in baseline breathing pattern and pressure-volume relationships are not genetically associated. Although strain differences in lung volume and compliance between C3 and B6 mice are inheritable, this study supports a dissociation between differential inspiratory time at baseline, a trait linked to a putative genomic region on mouse chromosome 3, and differential lung mechanics among C3 and B6 progenitors and their progeny.  (+info)

Airway responsiveness to methacholine: effects of deep inhalations and airway inflammation. (6/118)

We determined the dose-response curves to inhaled methacholine (MCh) in 16 asthmatic and 8 healthy subjects with prohibition of deep inhalations (DIs) and with 5 DIs taken after each MCh dose. Flow was measured on partial expiratory flow-volume curves at an absolute lung volume (plethysmographically determined) equal to 25% of control forced vital capacity (FVC). Airway inflammation was assessed in asthmatic subjects by analysis of induced sputum. Even when DIs were prohibited, the dose of MCh causing a 50% decrease in forced partial flow at 25% of control FVC (PD(50)MCh) was lower in asthmatic than in healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). In healthy but not in asthmatic subjects, repeated DIs significantly decreased the maximum response to MCh [from 90 +/- 4 to 62 +/- 8 (SD) % of control, P < 0.001], increased PD(50)MCh (P < 0.005), without affecting the dose causing 50% of maximal response. In asthmatic subjects, neither PD(50)MCh when DIs were prohibited nor changes in PD(50)MCh induced by DIs were significantly correlated with inflammatory cell numbers or percentages in sputum. We conclude that 1) even when DIs are prohibited, the responsiveness to MCh is greater in asthmatic than in healthy subjects; 2) repeated DIs reduce airway responsiveness in healthy but not in asthmatic subjects; and 3) neither airway hyperresponsiveness nor the inability of DIs to relax constricted airways in asthmatic subjects is related to the presence of inflammatory cells in the airways.  (+info)

A novel non-invasive technique for measuring the residual lung volume by nitrogen washout with rapid thoracoabdominal compression in infants. (7/118)

BACKGROUND: The functional residual capacity (FRC), the only lung volume to be routinely measured in infants, is an unreliable volume landmark. In addition to FRC, the residual volume (RV) was measured by nitrogen washout using rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RTC) in nine infants with cystic fibrosis aged 5-31 months. METHODS: A commercial system for nitrogen washout to measure lung volumes and a custom made system to perform RTC were used. Lung volume was raised to an airway opening pressure of 30 cm H(2)O (V(30)). RTC was performed from V(30). The jacket pressure (Pj; 65-92 cm H(2)O) which generated the highest forced expiratory volume (mean 40.2 ml/kg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.03 to 47.33) was used during the RV manoeuvre. The infants were manually hyperventilated to inhibit the respiratory drive briefly. RTC was initiated during the last passive expiration. RV was estimated by measuring the volume of nitrogen expired after end forced expiratory switching of the inspired gas from room air to 100% oxygen while jacket inflation was maintained at the time of switching into oxygen during the post-expiratory pause. RESULTS: In each infant RV and FRC measurements were reproducible and did not overlap; the difference between mean values, which is the expiratory reserve volume, was statistically significant (p<0.05). Mean RV was 21.3 (95% CI 18.7 to 24.0), FRC was 25.5 (95% CI 22.8 to 28.1), and TLC(30) (total lung capacity at V(30)) was 61.5 (95% CI 54.4 to 68.7) ml/kg. These values were dependent on body length, weight and age. When measuring RV the period between switching to oxygen and the end of the Pj plateau was 0.301 (95% CI 0.211 to 0.391) s. The washout duration was longer for RV than for FRC measurement (80.9 s (95% CI 71.3 to 90.4) versus 72. 4 s (95% CI 64.9 to 79.8)) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A new non-invasive and reliable technique for routine measurement of RV in infants is presented.  (+info)

Density dependence of forced expiratory flows in healthy infants and toddlers. (8/118)

In older children and adults, density dependence (DD) of forced expiratory flow is present over the majority of the full flow-volume curve. In healthy subjects, DD occurs because the pressure drop from peripheral to central airways is primarily dependent on turbulence and convective acceleration rather than laminar resistance; however, an increase in peripheral resistance reduces DD. We measured DD of forced expiratory flow in 22 healthy infants to evaluate whether infants have low DD. Full forced expiratory maneuvers were obtained while the subjects breathed room air and then a mixture of 80% helium-20% oxygen. Flows at 50 and 75% of expired forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured, and the ratio of helium-oxygen to air flow was calculated (DD at 50 and 75% FVC). The mean (range) of DD at 50 and 75% FVC was 1.37 (1.22-1.54) and 1.23 (1.02-1.65), respectively, values similar to those reported in older children and adults. There were no significant relationships between DD and age. Our results suggest that infants, compared with older children and adults, have similar DD, a finding that suggests that infants do not have a greater ratio of peripheral-to-central airway resistance.  (+info)

Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the destruction of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to a loss of elasticity and a decrease in the ability of the lungs to expand and contract properly. This results in difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and a persistent cough, which may produce mucus or blood. Pulmonary emphysema is typically caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke or other irritants, and is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a progressive disease that can lead to respiratory failure and death if left untreated. Treatment options for pulmonary emphysema include medications to manage symptoms, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, lung transplantation.

Respiratory aspiration is a medical condition that occurs when a person inhales foreign material into their lungs. This can happen when a person is unconscious, has difficulty swallowing, or has a weakened cough reflex, among other reasons. Aspiration can lead to a variety of complications, including pneumonia, lung abscesses, and respiratory failure. Treatment for respiratory aspiration typically involves removing the foreign material from the lungs and providing supportive care to manage any complications that may arise.

Blood volume refers to the total amount of blood present in the circulatory system of an individual. It is an important parameter in the medical field as it helps to regulate blood pressure, maintain fluid balance, and transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. The normal blood volume for an adult male is approximately 5 liters, while for an adult female, it is around 4.5 liters. Blood volume can be affected by a variety of factors, including dehydration, blood loss, fluid retention, and certain medical conditions such as heart failure or kidney disease. Measuring blood volume is typically done through a blood test called a hematocrit, which measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Other methods of measuring blood volume include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

In the medical field, "Neoplasm, Residual" refers to a remaining or persistent tumor or mass after a surgical or other treatment intended to remove it. It is also known as a "recurrent tumor" or "metastatic tumor." Residual neoplasms can occur when the initial treatment was not completely effective in eliminating all cancer cells, or when cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body. Residual neoplasms may require additional treatment, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, to prevent the cancer from returning or spreading further.

Urinary retention is a medical condition in which a person is unable to empty their bladder completely. This can result in a feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen, frequent urination, and difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine. There are several causes of urinary retention, including blockages in the urinary tract, nerve damage, muscle weakness, and certain medications. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery. In severe cases, urinary retention can lead to kidney damage or infection, so prompt medical attention is important.

Bronchoconstrictor agents are drugs that cause the muscles of the bronchial tubes to contract, narrowing the airways and making it more difficult to breathe. These drugs are used to treat conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders that cause bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstrictor agents can be classified into two main categories: short-acting and long-acting. Short-acting bronchoconstrictor agents are used to quickly relieve symptoms of bronchoconstriction, while long-acting bronchoconstrictor agents are used to prevent symptoms from occurring or to reduce their severity over a longer period of time. Some examples of bronchoconstrictor agents include albuterol, salmeterol, and formoterol.

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the destruction of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. This destruction of the air sacs is caused by the breakdown of the walls of the alveoli, which allows air to enter and not be able to leave the lungs properly. As a result, the lungs become overinflated and lose their elasticity, making it difficult to take in and exhale air. Emphysema is usually caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, but it can also be caused by exposure to other irritants such as air pollution or chemical fumes. Other risk factors for emphysema include a family history of the disease, a history of chronic bronchitis, and a history of exposure to respiratory infections. Symptoms of emphysema can include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. As the disease progresses, symptoms may become more severe and may require the use of oxygen therapy or other medical interventions. There is currently no cure for emphysema, but treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

Venous insufficiency is a medical condition in which the veins in the legs are unable to effectively pump blood back to the heart. This can cause blood to pool in the veins, leading to swelling, pain, and other symptoms. Venous insufficiency is often caused by damage to the valves in the veins, which can occur due to aging, obesity, pregnancy, or injury. It can also be a complication of other medical conditions, such as varicose veins or deep vein thrombosis. Treatment for venous insufficiency may include lifestyle changes, such as exercise and weight loss, as well as medications and procedures to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.

Urinary bladder diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the urinary bladder, a muscular sac located in the pelvis that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. These diseases can affect the bladder's ability to empty completely, leading to urinary retention, or cause pain, discomfort, and other symptoms. Some common urinary bladder diseases include: 1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): These are infections that occur in the urinary tract, including the bladder, urethra, kidneys, and ureters. UTIs can cause symptoms such as pain, burning, and frequent urination. 2. Overactive bladder (OAB): This is a condition in which the bladder contracts involuntarily, leading to frequent and urgent urination. OAB can be caused by a variety of factors, including age, genetics, and certain medical conditions. 3. Interstitial cystitis (IC): This is a chronic condition that causes pain, pressure, and discomfort in the bladder and surrounding areas. The exact cause of IC is not known, but it is thought to be related to inflammation and damage to the bladder lining. 4. Bladder stones: These are hard deposits that form in the bladder and can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty urinating. Bladder stones can be caused by a variety of factors, including dehydration, certain medical conditions, and certain medications. 5. Bladder cancer: This is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the bladder lining. Bladder cancer can cause symptoms such as blood in the urine, pain, and frequent urination.

Dyspnea is a medical term that refers to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. It can be a symptom of a variety of medical conditions, including respiratory disorders, heart disease, lung disease, and anxiety disorders. Dyspnea can range from mild and occasional to severe and persistent, and it can be a sign of a serious underlying condition that requires medical attention. In some cases, dyspnea may be a symptom of a life-threatening emergency, such as a heart attack or a severe asthma attack.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term lung disease characterized by a persistent and progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes. COPD includes two main conditions: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation and thickening of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which leads to increased mucus production and difficulty breathing. Emphysema, on the other hand, involves damage to the air sacs in the lungs, which makes it difficult to exhale and leads to shortness of breath. Symptoms of COPD include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person and can worsen over time. COPD is a progressive disease, and there is currently no cure. However, treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

Helium is a noble gas that is commonly used in the medical field for various purposes. Here are some of the ways helium is used in medicine: 1. Inhalation therapy: Helium is used as a carrier gas for oxygen in inhalation therapy to treat respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchitis. Helium-oxygen mixtures are less dense than air, which makes it easier for patients to breathe and reduces the workload on their lungs. 2. Cryotherapy: Helium is used in cryotherapy to freeze and destroy abnormal cells or tissues in the body. This technique is used to treat various medical conditions such as skin cancer, warts, and keloids. 3. MRI imaging: Helium is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines to cool the superconducting magnets that generate the magnetic field used in the imaging process. This cooling process helps to maintain the stability of the magnetic field and improve the quality of the images. 4. Medical research: Helium is used in medical research to study the properties of gases and their interactions with living organisms. It is also used in the development of new medical technologies and treatments. Overall, helium is a versatile gas that has many applications in the medical field, from treating respiratory conditions to improving the quality of medical imaging.

Urination disorders, also known as urological disorders, refer to a range of conditions that affect the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. These disorders can cause a variety of symptoms, such as difficulty starting or stopping urination, frequent or urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, blood in the urine, and incontinence. Some common types of urination disorders include: 1. Overactive bladder (OAB): A condition characterized by an urgent need to urinate, often accompanied by a strong urge to go and difficulty delaying urination. 2. Urinary incontinence: A condition in which a person is unable to control the flow of urine, resulting in leakage. 3. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Infections that affect the urinary tract, including the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra. 4. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): A condition in which the prostate gland becomes enlarged, causing difficulty urinating. 5. Kidney stones: Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause pain and other symptoms. 6. Kidney failure: A condition in which the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body. 7. Urinary retention: A condition in which the bladder is unable to empty completely, leading to a feeling of fullness and discomfort. Treatment for urination disorders depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

Lung diseases, obstructive, refer to a group of conditions that obstruct the flow of air in and out of the lungs. These conditions are characterized by a blockage or narrowing of the airways, which can make it difficult to breathe. Some common examples of obstructive lung diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchitis. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including smoking, air pollution, and genetics. Treatment for obstructive lung diseases typically involves medications to open up the airways and reduce inflammation, as well as lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to irritants. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or lung transplantation may be necessary.

Airway resistance is a measure of the opposition to airflow in the respiratory system. It is caused by the resistance of the airways, including the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, to the flow of air. This resistance can be caused by a variety of factors, including inflammation, mucus production, narrowing of the airways, and the presence of foreign objects or tumors. In the medical field, airway resistance is often measured using a device called a spirometer. The spirometer measures the amount of air that a person can exhale in a specific amount of time, which can be used to calculate the airway resistance. High levels of airway resistance can be a sign of a variety of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and sleep apnea. Treatment for airway resistance may include medications to reduce inflammation or relax the muscles in the airways, as well as lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking or losing weight.

Methacholine chloride is a bronchoconstrictor drug that is used in the medical field to test the responsiveness of the airways to bronchoconstricting agents. It is typically administered through inhalation or intravenous injection, and its effects are measured by observing changes in lung function, such as changes in lung volume or air flow. Methacholine chloride works by stimulating muscarinic receptors in the airways, which can cause the smooth muscle in the walls of the airways to contract and narrow. This can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, which are characteristic of asthma and other respiratory conditions. In the medical field, methacholine chloride is often used as part of a diagnostic test called a bronchial challenge test, which is used to help diagnose asthma and other respiratory conditions. During the test, the patient is given increasing doses of methacholine chloride, and their lung function is monitored to see how their airways respond to the drug. If the airways become more constricted in response to the drug, it may indicate that the patient has asthma or another respiratory condition that is sensitive to bronchoconstricting agents.

Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction (BNO) is a medical condition in which the opening between the bladder and the urethra becomes narrowed or blocked, making it difficult for urine to flow out of the bladder. This can cause a range of symptoms, including difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. BNO can be caused by a variety of factors, including prostate enlargement, scar tissue from previous surgeries, and certain medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease. Treatment options for BNO may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgical procedures, depending on the severity of the obstruction and the underlying cause.

Airway obstruction refers to a blockage or narrowing of the airways that prevents air from flowing freely in and out of the lungs. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including inflammation, swelling, mucus production, foreign objects, or physical compression of the airways. Airway obstruction can be classified as either partial or complete. Partial airway obstruction is when the airway is narrowed but not completely blocked, while complete airway obstruction is when the airway is completely blocked, preventing air from entering or leaving the lungs. Airway obstruction can be a serious medical condition, particularly if it is not treated promptly. It can lead to difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and even respiratory failure if left untreated. Treatment for airway obstruction depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, oxygen therapy, or in severe cases, emergency medical intervention such as intubation or surgery.

Prostatic hyperplasia, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in men. The prostate gland is a small gland located just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine out of the body. As men age, the prostate gland can enlarge, which can cause problems with urination, such as difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine, a weak stream of urine, and the need to urinate frequently, especially at night. Prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in older men and can often be treated with medications or other treatments to relieve symptoms.

Critical illness refers to a severe and potentially life-threatening medical condition that requires immediate medical attention and hospitalization. These conditions can be acute or chronic and can affect any part of the body. Examples of critical illnesses include heart attacks, strokes, organ failure, sepsis, and severe infections. Critical illnesses can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors. They can also be triggered by other medical conditions or treatments. Treatment for critical illnesses typically involves hospitalization, intensive medical care, and sometimes surgery. In some cases, long-term rehabilitation and ongoing medical care may be necessary. Critical illnesses can have a significant impact on a person's physical and emotional well-being, as well as their ability to work and participate in daily activities. It is important for individuals to have access to appropriate medical care and support to help manage their condition and improve their quality of life.

Bronchodilator agents are drugs that are used to relax and widen the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis. Bronchodilators work by targeting the muscles in the airways, causing them to relax and open up. This allows more air to flow in and out of the lungs, making breathing easier and improving lung function. There are several different types of bronchodilators, including beta-agonists, anticholinergics, and theophyllines. These drugs are available in a variety of forms, including inhalers, tablets, and nebulizers.

Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves using a flexible or rigid tube called a bronchoscope to examine the inside of the bronchial tubes and lungs. The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth and advanced down the airways until it reaches the bronchi, which are the main branches of the trachea (windpipe) that lead to the lungs. During a bronchoscopy, a doctor or other healthcare provider can examine the bronchial tubes and lungs for signs of disease, such as inflammation, infection, or cancer. They can also take samples of tissue or fluid from the lungs for further testing. Bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose a variety of conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and infections such as tuberculosis. It can also be used to remove foreign objects from the airways, such as a piece of food or a foreign body. There are two main types of bronchoscopy: flexible bronchoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy. Flexible bronchoscopy uses a flexible, thin tube that can bend and move to access different areas of the airways. Rigid bronchoscopy uses a thicker, more rigid tube that is inserted through the nose or mouth and advanced down the airways to reach the bronchi.

In the medical field, aerosols refer to tiny particles or droplets of liquid or solid matter that are suspended in the air and can be inhaled into the respiratory system. Aerosols can be generated by various sources, including human activities such as talking, coughing, and sneezing, as well as natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions and dust storms. Aerosols can contain a variety of substances, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, pollutants, and other particles. When inhaled, these particles can enter the lungs and potentially cause respiratory infections, allergies, and other health problems. In the context of infectious diseases, aerosols are of particular concern because they can transmit pathogens over long distances and remain suspended in the air for extended periods of time. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases, it is important to take measures to reduce the generation and dispersion of aerosols in indoor environments, such as wearing masks, practicing good respiratory hygiene, and improving ventilation systems.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways in the lungs. This can cause symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens, irritants, exercise, and respiratory infections. It is a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide, and can range from mild to severe. Treatment typically involves the use of medications to control inflammation and open up the airways, as well as lifestyle changes to avoid triggers and improve overall lung function.

Lung diseases refer to a wide range of medical conditions that affect the lungs and their ability to function properly. These conditions can be acute or chronic, and can range from mild to severe. Some common examples of lung diseases include: 1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A group of lung diseases that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, characterized by difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. 2. Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. 3. Pulmonary Fibrosis: A progressive lung disease that causes scarring and thickening of the lung tissue, making it difficult to breathe. 4. Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, causing coughing, fever, and weight loss. 5. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and can cause fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. 6. Emphysema: A lung disease that causes damage to the air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. 7. Interstitial Lung Disease: A group of lung diseases that affect the tissue between the air sacs in the lungs, causing difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. 8. Lung Cancer: A type of cancer that starts in the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. These are just a few examples of the many different types of lung diseases that can affect people. Treatment for lung diseases depends on the specific condition and can include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

In the medical field, "Administration, Inhalation" refers to the process of delivering medication or other substances to the lungs through inhalation. This method of administration is commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia, as well as to provide relief from respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Inhalation administration can be achieved through a variety of devices, including inhalers, nebulizers, and vaporizers. Inhalers are portable devices that contain medication in the form of a powder or liquid that is aerosolized and inhaled through the mouth. Nebulizers, on the other hand, use compressed air to turn medication into a fine mist that is inhaled through a mouthpiece or mask. Vaporizers are devices that heat up liquid medication to produce a vapor that is inhaled. Inhalation administration has several advantages over other methods of medication delivery, including faster onset of action, more targeted delivery of medication to the lungs, and reduced systemic side effects. However, it can also have potential drawbacks, such as the risk of respiratory irritation or infection, and the need for proper technique and device maintenance to ensure effective delivery of medication.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups. In the medical field, ANOVA can be used to compare the effectiveness of different treatments, interventions, or medications on a particular outcome or variable of interest. For example, a researcher may want to compare the effectiveness of three different medications for treating a particular disease. They could use ANOVA to compare the mean response (e.g., improvement in symptoms) between the three groups of patients who received each medication. If the results show a significant difference between the groups, it would suggest that one medication is more effective than the others. ANOVA can also be used to compare the means of different groups of patients based on a categorical variable, such as age, gender, or race. For example, a researcher may want to compare the mean blood pressure of patients in different age groups. They could use ANOVA to compare the mean blood pressure between the different age groups and determine if there are significant differences. Overall, ANOVA is a powerful statistical tool that can be used to compare the means of different groups in the medical field, helping researchers to identify which treatments or interventions are most effective and to better understand the factors that influence health outcomes.

Blood volume determination is a medical procedure used to measure the amount of blood present in the circulatory system of an individual. This measurement is important for several reasons, including monitoring fluid balance, diagnosing and treating conditions such as dehydration or overhydration, and assessing the effectiveness of certain medical treatments. There are several methods used to determine blood volume, including: 1. Total body water (TBW) measurement: This method involves measuring the total amount of water in the body, which includes the blood volume. 2. Hematocrit: This is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. A high hematocrit indicates a high blood volume, while a low hematocrit indicates a low blood volume. 3. Plasma volume: This is the volume of fluid in the blood that is not contained within red blood cells. Plasma volume can be measured using a dye that is injected into the bloodstream and then monitored as it is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. 4. Radionuclide labeling: This method involves injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream and then measuring the amount of radiation emitted by the substance as it is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Blood volume determination is typically performed using one of these methods or a combination of them. The results of the test can be used to diagnose and treat a variety of medical conditions, including dehydration, heart failure, and kidney disease.

Cross-over studies are a type of clinical trial design in which a single subject serves as their own control. In other words, the subject is exposed to two or more treatments or interventions, and the effects of each treatment are compared within the same individual. The main advantage of cross-over studies is that they can reduce the number of subjects needed to obtain reliable results, as each subject serves as their own control. This can be particularly useful in situations where it is difficult or unethical to recruit a large number of subjects, or where the study requires a long duration of treatment. However, cross-over studies can also have limitations, such as carryover effects, where the effects of one treatment may persist after the subject has been switched to a different treatment. Additionally, the order in which treatments are administered can affect the results, and statistical methods must be used to account for this. Cross-over studies are commonly used in the medical field to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of new drugs, medical devices, and other interventions. They can also be used to compare different dosages or formulations of a treatment, or to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment in different patient populations.

In the medical field, oxygen is a gas that is essential for the survival of most living organisms. It is used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including respiratory disorders, heart disease, and anemia. Oxygen is typically administered through a mask, nasal cannula, or oxygen tank, and is used to increase the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream. This can help to improve oxygenation of the body's tissues and organs, which is important for maintaining normal bodily functions. In medical settings, oxygen is often used to treat patients who are experiencing difficulty breathing due to conditions such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma. It may also be used to treat patients who have suffered from a heart attack or stroke, as well as those who are recovering from surgery or other medical procedures. Overall, oxygen is a critical component of modern medical treatment, and is used in a wide range of clinical settings to help patients recover from illness and maintain their health.

In the medical field, a chronic disease is a long-term health condition that persists for an extended period, typically for more than three months. Chronic diseases are often progressive, meaning that they tend to worsen over time, and they can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. Chronic diseases can affect any part of the body and can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Some examples of chronic diseases include heart disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and arthritis. Chronic diseases often require ongoing medical management, including medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring to prevent complications and manage symptoms. Treatment for chronic diseases may also involve rehabilitation, physical therapy, and other supportive care.

... residual volume may refer to: Residual volume, air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation; see lung volumes Residual ... volume, urine remaining in the bladder after voiding; see urinary retention Gastric residual volume (GRV) is the volume of food ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Residual volume. If an internal link led you here, you may ...
FRC is the sum of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV) and measures approximately 3000 mL in a 70 kg, ... Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration. At FRC, the ... Atm.-Org., Volume 149, pp.343-371, 1977. "LOINC 19843-2 - Functional residual capacity". www.loinc.org. Retrieved 2022-05-31. " ... It cannot be estimated through spirometry, since it includes the residual volume. In order to measure RV precisely, one would ...
"Monitoring of gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9): ...
Air trapping is common and leads to increased residual volumes. As the disease progresses, a mixed pattern of obstruction and ... increased residual volume, increased total lung capacity, fixed obstruction, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon ... monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume High-resolution CT scan: diffuse pulmonary nodules 4-10 mm, greater than 20 nodules ...
... the remainder of the air is called the residual volume. Together these terms are referred to as lung volumes. Pulmonary ... At this point the lungs contain the functional residual capacity (FRC) of air, which, in the adult human, has a volume of about ... The volume of air inhaled and exhaled by a person at rest is the tidal volume (normally 500-750 mL); the inspiratory reserve ... The blood volume of the lungs is about 450 millilitres on average, about 9% of the total blood volume of the entire circulatory ...
Measurements should have a PVR (post-void residual) volume of >300mL. Determining the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may ... A post-void residual urine greater than 50 ml is a significant amount of urine and increases the potential for recurring ... Diagnosis of urinary retention is conducted over a period of 6 months, with 2 separate measurements of urine volume 6 months ... de Jong AC, Maaskant JM, Groen LA, van Woensel JB (January 2021). "Monitoring of micturition and bladder volumes can replace ...
A volume of greater than 50 ml in children has been described as constituting post-void residual urine. High levels can be ... What is done depends on what the presenting problem is, but some of the common tests conducted are; Post-void residual volume: ... The urine volume is measured (this shows how efficiently the bladder empties). High volumes (180 ml) may be associated with ... and post-void residual volume (PVR). Qmax, in particular, improves by an amount similar to that achievable with four alpha-1 ...
Post-void residual volume of more than 100 ml may indicate significant obstruction. Prostate size of 30 cc or more indicates ... Truzzi JC, Almeida FM, Nunes EC, Sadi MV (July 2008). "Residual urinary volume and urinary tract infection--when are they ... and post-void residual volume). A meta-analysis found no differences between the standing and sitting positions for healthy ... decreased the post void residual volume; increased the maximum urinary flow, comparable with pharmacological intervention; and ...
Lungs do not collapse after forceful respiration because of the residual volume.[medical citation needed] Khanorkar, p. 205 ... Intrapleural pressure depends on the ventilation phase, atmospheric pressure, and the volume of the intrapleural cavity. At ... which is called tidal volume. The respiratory rate is directly affected by the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. ...
Determination of the residual volume is more difficult as it is impossible to "completely" breathe out. Therefore, measurement ... In absence of such, estimates of residual volume have been prepared as a proportion of body mass for infants (18.1 ml/kg), or ... Wilmore, J. H. (1969). "The use of actual predicted and constant residual volumes in the assessment of body composition by ... Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. The ...
Jahr JS, Burckart G, Smith SS, Shapiro J, Cook DR (July 1991). "Effects of famotidine on gastric pH and residual volume in ...
The beneficial effects are correlated with the achieved reduction in residual volume. Conventional LVRS involves resection of ... Lung volume reduction surgery, or LVRS, can improve the quality of life for certain patients with COPD of emphysematous type, ... In people who have a predominantly upper lobe emphysema, lung volume reduction surgery could result in better health status and ... A less invasive treatment is available as a bronchoscopic lung volume reduction procedure. Not all lung cancers are suitable ...
Generally, the Patiala Peg is referred to for its particular volume and strong residual effect. Peg (unit) Narayan, Kirin (26 ... Units of volume, Patiala, Punjabi culture, Alcohol in India, Drinking culture, All stub articles, Standards and measurement ...
Only a small volume of residual cytoplasm allows communication between the inner and outer layers. This is seen histologically ...
... residual volume, total lung capacity, and functional residual capacity in 1971. The American Thoracic Society/European ... including residual volume and vital capacity. 1846 The water spirometer measuring vital capacity was developed by a surgeon ... discussed his interest in measuring the volume of expiration accurately. He also completed accurate measures of other volume ... The volume of air was measured in units of pints. 1831, Thackrah, C. T. described a "Pulmometer" similar to that of Kentish. He ...
It is defined mathematically as the sum of the closing volume and the residual volume. The alveoli lack supporting cartilage ... Often supine positioning will decrease functional residual capacity (FRC) but has no effect on closing capacity. Lung volumes ... Any process that increases the CC by increasing the closing volume (CV) can increase an individual's risk of hypoxemia, as the ... The closing capacity is less than the Functional Residual Capacity, the amount of gas that normally remains in the lungs during ...
At this point the lungs contain the functional residual capacity of air, which, in the adult human, has a volume of about 2.5- ... The end-exhalatory lung volume is now less air than the resting "functional residual capacity". However, in a normal mammal, ... The gas exhaled is 4% to 5% by volume of carbon dioxide, about a 100 fold increase over the inhaled amount. The volume of ... The dead space volume of a typical adult human is about 150 ml. The primary purpose of breathing is to refresh air in the ...
The residual volume in the lungs can add error if not measured directly or estimated accurately. Residual volume can be ... Residual volume (the unfilled space enclosed by the body- e.g. volume of air in the lungs + respiratory passages after a ... meters) + 0.016 X Age (yrs.) - 2.003 Residual volume may also be estimated as a proportion of vital capacity (0.24 for men and ... "The use of actual predicted and constant residual volumes in the assessment of body composition by underwater weighing". Med ...
"Prolonged expiration down to residual volume leads to severe arterial hypoxemia in athletes during submaximal exercise". ... Generally, there are two ways to carry out hypoventilation: at high lung volume or at low lung volume. At high lung volume, ... The scientific studies have shown that only hypoventilation at low lung volume could lead to both a significant decrease in ... They demonstrated that through hypoventilation at low lung volume, that is the exhale-hold technique, it was possible, without ...
The values for residual volume and total lung capacity are generally decreased in restrictive lung disease. Pulmonary fibrosis ... On spirometry, as a restrictive lung disease, both the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital ...
"Determination of fraction of left ventricular volume ejected per beat and of ventricular end-diastolic and residual volumes. ... stroke volume) by the volume of blood collected in the left ventricle at the end of diastolic filling (end-diastolic volume). ... the volume of blood within a ventricle at the end of diastole is the end-diastolic volume (EDV). Likewise, the volume of blood ... whereas the stroke volume, end-diastolic volume or end-systolic volume are absolute measurements.[citation needed] William ...
... cystometry and post-void residual volume are normal. Some sources distinguish between urethral hypermobility and intrinsic ...
were the first investigators to demonstrate age-dependent airway closure in humans whilst breathing at residual volume. They ... support of the critically ill patient to correct the resulting hypoxaemia and atelectasis from the reduced lung volumes. Upon ...
The average residual volume was 125% of predicted when measured by plethysmography, but was only 103% of predicted determined ... Reduction in DLCO and increase in residual volume are generally considered to be LAM's earliest physiologic manifestations.[ ... Preservation of lung volumes in the presence of increased interstitial markings is a radiographic hallmark of LAM that helps ... It is not unusual for DLCO to be reduced out of proportion to forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). ...
Function and volume recovery after partial hepatectomy: influence of preoperative liver function, residual liver volume, and ...
This section of the plant produced a large volume of residual air that contained small amounts of cumene; a highly odorous ... Each oxider was run at a carefully controlled temperature, pressure and level of residual oxygen to optimize the production of ...
The amount of residual volume reduction achieved, correlates with the effects on FEV1, quality of life and exercise capacity. ... as a minimally invasive alternative to lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema. In lung volume reduction surgery, one or ... Sabanathan, S.; Richardson, J.; Pieri-Davies, S. (February 2003). "Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction". The Journal of ... Ingenito, Edward P.; Tsai, Larry W. (2008). "Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction". Thoracic Endoscopy: Advances in ...
Reasons that favor their growth are "high surface-to-volume ratio, intermittent stagnation, low disinfectant residual, and ... In other words, 1 foot of 1/2" L copper has slightly less volume than 1 foot of 1/2 M copper. Water systems of ancient times ... They are responsible for the creation of the National Construction Code (NCC), Volume 3 of which, the Plumbing Regulations 2008 ... warming cycles". A high surface-to-volume ratio, i.e. a relatively large surface area allows the bacteria to form a biofilm, ...
The trial found the endobronchial valve reduced residual lung volume and improved exercise tolerance as compared to the SOC ... Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a procedure to reduce the volume of air within the lungs. BLVR was initially ... Gordon, Matthew; Duffy, Sean; Criner, Gerard J. (August 2018). "Lung volume reduction surgery or bronchoscopic lung volume ... reduced residual lung volume, as measured by FEV1 in the LIBERATE study) Improved exercise tolerance (six-minute walk distance ...
By the end of August 2014, the volume of residual ice was larger than during the same period in 2013. It disappeared in 2016 ... In 1794, the Calderone had an estimated volume of over 4 million cubic metres; by 1916, the glacier's volume had decreased to ...
Volume 20, Number 12-December 2014 Research. Residual Infestation and Recolonization during Urban Triatoma infestans Bug ... Residual Infestation and Recolonization during Urban Triatoma infestans Bug Control Campaign, Peru. ... Estimations of initial and residual infestation for treatment phase of a Chagas disease vector control program, Arequipa, Peru ...
... ... U.S. Sales for Resale Refiner Residual Fuel Oil and No. 4 Fuel Sales Volumes ... U.S. Residual Fuel Oil Refiner Sales Volumes. * ... Residual Fuel Oil Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes. * ...
Postvoid Residual Volume Determination. High postvoid residual (PVR) urine volumes in males often indicate prostate-related ... Abnormal residual volumes have been defined in several ways. No particular definition is clinically superior. Some authorities ... Drain the bladder to assess post-void residual bladder volume (the patient should have voided), and place a urodynamic urethral ... Uroflow studies may be useful in predicting the risk for voiding dysfunction and high residual volumes after incontinence ...
... residual volume; ERV = expiratory reserve volume; DLCO = diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. ... DLCO and lung volumes were performed 1 week after spirometry.. † Bronchodilator response was defined as a ≥12% change in FEV1 ... Abbreviations: FVC = forced vital capacity; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; TLC = total lung capacity; RV = ...
Functional residual capacity (FRC). *Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). *Residual volume (RV). *Peak expiratory flow (PEF) ... Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume.. *Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen ... Lung volume measurement can be done in two ways:. *The most accurate way is called body plethysmography. You sit in a clear ... The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. ...
Postvoid residual bladder volume. PVR measurement is a part of the basic evaluation for urinary incontinence. If the PVR is ... The bladder empties too quickly and too often, with relatively low volumes of urine, and deferring voiding or storing a large ... Involuntary reflex voiding occurs in an infant when the volume of urine exceeds the voiding threshold. When the bladder is ... For individuals with a decompensated bladder that does not empty well, the postvoid residual urine can lead to overgrowth of ...
Postvoid residual bladder volume. PVR measurement is a part of the basic evaluation for urinary incontinence. If the PVR is ... The bladder empties too quickly and too often, with relatively low volumes of urine, and deferring voiding or storing a large ... Involuntary reflex voiding occurs in an infant when the volume of urine exceeds the voiding threshold. When the bladder is ... For individuals with a decompensated bladder that does not empty well, the postvoid residual urine can lead to overgrowth of ...
Categories: Residual Volume Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 2 ...
Post-void residual urine volume >200 mL. *At least 2 reported urinary incontinence episodes over 3 days ... Insert needle ~2 mm into detrusor and 20 injections of 0.5 mL each (total volume: 10 mL) should be spaced ~1 cm apart ... Draw up the appropriate volume from reconstituted vial with a sterile syringe, preferably a tuberculin syringe, and expel any ... Administer doses as 0.5-mL injections across 20 sites into the detrusor (total volume: 10 mL) via cystoscopy ...
Post-void residual urine volume >200 mL. *At least 2 reported urinary incontinence episodes over 3 days ... Insert needle ~2 mm into detrusor and 20 injections of 0.5 mL each (total volume: 10 mL) should be spaced ~1 cm apart ... Draw up the appropriate volume from reconstituted vial with a sterile syringe, preferably a tuberculin syringe, and expel any ... Administer doses as 0.5-mL injections across 20 sites into the detrusor (total volume: 10 mL) via cystoscopy ...
Assessment of the nature of residual masses at end of treatment in lymphoma patients using volume perfusion computed ...
As regards gall-bladder function parameters, fasting gallbladder volume and residual volume in our beta-thalassaemia patients ... Residual volume was the smallest volume recorded during the 2 h. Emptying time in minutes was recorded. Contraction index was ... residual volume, emptying time and contraction index. There was significant positive correlation between fasting and residual ... These results agree with Kalayci et al., who also found statistically significant increases in the fasting and residual volumes ...
Functional residual capacity (FRC). *Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). *Residual volume (RV). *Peak expiratory flow (PEF) ... Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume.. *Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen ... Lung volume measurement can be done in two ways:. *The most accurate way is called body plethysmography. You sit in a clear ... The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. ...
... performance and residual; and large-volume snow control. ...
... inspiratory reserve volume; VT: tidal volume (TV); ERV: expiratory reserve volume; RV: residual volume; IC: inspiratory ... Reference values for residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. ATS Workshop on Lung Volume ... Measurements of absolute lung volumes, residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) ... inspiratory reserve volume; VT: tidal volume (TV); RV: residual volume. ...
Patients were instructed to insert the mouthpiece and exhale gently as far as possible to residual volume. Following this, they ... was measured near residual volume after a maximal expiration. Pressures were maintained for at least 1 second and the highest ... 24 hour sputum volume. Patients began collection at a set time on the day preceding the scheduled visit and completed the ... At the end of the training programme there were no changes in 24 hour sputum volume in the PR-IMT group (mean (SD) 14.8 (12.1) ...
Residual tumor volume (RTV) and midline structures involvement were identified as independent prognostic factors of PFS while ... Preoperative tumor volume OS: Overall survival PFS: Progression free survival. RTV:. Residual tumor volume MGMT: O-6- ... Residual tumor volume (RTV) and midline structures involvement were identified as independent prognostic factors of PFS while ... Residual tumor volume versus extent of resection: predictors of survival after surgery for glioblastoma. J Neurosurg. 2014;121: ...
residual urine volume RUX. right upper extremity RV. right ventricular residual volume ...
Findings of increased total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume can help distinguish COPD from ... Flow-volume loops: Simultaneous spirometric recordings of airflow and volume during forced maximal expiration and inspiration ... such as before lung volume reduction procedures Lung volume reduction surgery Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ... Lung volume reduction procedures or transplantation are used in advanced disease. Survival in COPD is related to the severity ...
Typically 0.3 ml total residual volume.. Philips InnoSpire Go provides patients of all sizes with portable, fast and effective ...
... forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; TLC, total lung capacity; RV, residual volume; 6MWT, six- ...
Case-Control Studies, Exercise Tolerance, Forced Expiratory Volume, Functional Residual Capacity, Humans, Lung Diseases, ... and a negative correlation between FEV1 and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) at maximal exercise (p , 0.03). There was no ...
IPDs, however, are produced as a residual of nominal values and volume measures. 6.16 Thirdly, the volume and value data used ...
Increased post-void residual urine volume. *Increased serum glucose. *Increased thirst *Insomnia ...
Filter the final wash (through blue-capped tubes (35um), leave cell pellet in residual volume (~50uL). ... 13.2 Cell Surface Staining (Ab mix from the bank is for a final staining volume of 50uL) *Note the volume of Ab mix per sample ... 13.4 Intracellular Staining (Ab mix from the bank is for a final staining volume of 50uL) *Note volume of Ab mix per sample (10 ... The total volume of the PCR reaction is 25 µL. The final concentration of the biotin-labeled MDR1 A, B2-M A primer and TBR- ...
Functional residual capacity (FRC). *Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). *Residual volume (RV). *Peak expiratory flow (PEF) ... Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume.. *Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen ... Lung volume measurement can be done in two ways:. *The most accurate way is called body plethysmography. You sit in a clear ... The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. ...
  • Simple urodynamic tests involve performing noninvasive uroflow studies, obtaining a postvoid residual (PVR) urine measurements, and performing single-channel cystometrography (CMG). (medscape.com)
  • However, because in his practice, men with IC/BPS have bladder neck obstruction more often than women, Dr. Payne may use routine uroflow and postvoid residual studies for better understanding the presentation of pelvic symptoms in some male patients. (ichelp.org)
  • Additional information from a patient's voiding diary, cotton-swab test, cough stress test, measurement of postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume, cystoscopy, and urodynamic studies may be needed in selected patients. (medscape.com)
  • RV refers to the volume of gas remaining in the lung after maximal exhalation (regardless of the lung volume at which exhalation was started). (ersjournals.com)
  • Measurements of absolute lung volumes, residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) are technically more challenging, which limits their use in clinical practice. (ersjournals.com)
  • The role of lung volume measurements in the assessment of disease severity, functional disability, course of disease and response to treatment remains to be determined in infants, as well as in children and adults. (ersjournals.com)
  • see urinary retention Gastric residual volume (GRV) is the volume of food or fluid remaining in the stomach at a point in time during enteral tube nutrition feeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • After eight weeks, researchers monitored participants using ultrasound investigations to determine residual urinary volume in the bladder and prostate size. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Post-void residual bladder volume (PVR) measurement in the non-healthcare setting would be a valuable opportunity for remote monitoring of patients with voiding dysfunction. (neaua.org)
  • We hypothesized that patient self-measurement of PVR using a smart device-integrated portable ultrasound probe equipped with artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated bladder volume measurement software would demonstrate high reliability, strong agreement with provider measurement, and be preferred by subjects over provider measurements in the healthcare setting. (neaua.org)
  • Limits of agreement between subject self-measurement and provider standard bladder scanner measurement of PVR exceeded our clinically acceptable difference threshold, though the published inherent error of each ultrasound-based bladder volume measurement device should be considered. (neaua.org)
  • In contrast to the relative simplicity of spirometric volumes, a variety of disparate techniques have been developed for the measurement of absolute lung volumes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen or helium gas through a tube for a certain period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nevertheless, in particular circumstances, measurements of lung volume are strictly necessary for a correct physiological diagnosis 1 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The term "lung volume" usually refers to the volume of gas within the lungs, as measured by body plethysmography, gas dilution or washout. (ersjournals.com)
  • Since this term is too nonspecific, it is recommended that its use should be discontinued and replaced with more specific terminology, for example, plethysmographic lung volume (abbreviated at V L,pleth ), and FRC by body plethysmography or TGV at FRC (FRC pleth ). (ersjournals.com)
  • Lung volume reduction procedures or transplantation are used in advanced disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This creates problems with air flow, mostly because you have less lung volume. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Participants with lung lobectomy, lung volume reduction or lung transplantation. (who.int)
  • Lung volumes derived from computed tomography (CT) scans can include estimates of abnormal lung tissue volumes, in addition to normal lung tissue volumes and the volume of gas within the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
  • TLC refers to the volume of gas in the lungs after maximal inspiration, or the sum of all volume compartments. (ersjournals.com)
  • This is the total volume of the lungs when filled with as much air as possible. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • The determination of residual stresses becomes more complicated with increasing complexity of the structures investigated. (iucr.org)
  • In most cases, internal stresses remain locked in the structures as residual stress. (iucr.org)
  • Different cooling rates after porcelain firing schedule have been proposed for reducing those residual stresses 10,17-18 . (bvsalud.org)
  • There was an inverse relationship between the extent of the disease on the original chest radiograph and the forced expired volume in one second (FEV1). (nih.gov)
  • There was significant positive correlation between fasting and residual volumes and age, weight and height, and between fasting volume and body mass index and serum ferritin level. (who.int)
  • Dr. Blaivas also finds that urodynamic tests offer additional useful information such as the relationship among bladder filling, bladder volume and the intensity of urge or pain and whether there is bladder muscle overactivity or the bladder is unable to expand. (ichelp.org)
  • Typically 0.3 ml total residual volume. (philips.com)
  • This is the total volume of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much as you can. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • The FRC is the volume of gas present in the lung at end-expiration during tidal breathing. (ersjournals.com)
  • The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the volume of gas that can be maximally exhaled from the end-expiratory level during tidal breathing ( i.e. from the FRC). (ersjournals.com)
  • The inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level during tidal breathing. (ersjournals.com)
  • The volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during the respiratory cycle is called the tidal volume (TV or V T ). (ersjournals.com)
  • Residual tumor volume (RTV) and midline structures involvement were identified as independent prognostic factors of PFS while age, O-6-Methylguanine Methyltransferase (MGMT) status, Ki67 index, RTV and midline structures involvement represented independent predictors of OS. (springer.com)
  • The determination of the residual stress in lattice structures through nondestructive neutron diffraction is described in this work. (iucr.org)
  • a ) the correct alignment of the lattice structures within the neutron beam and ( b ) the correct determination of the residual stress field in a representative part of the structure. (iucr.org)
  • Static lung volumes and capacities based on a volume-time spirogram of an inspiratory vital capacity (IVC). (ersjournals.com)
  • The vital capacity (VC) is the volume change at the mouth between the positions of full inspiration and complete expiration. (ersjournals.com)
  • In contrast, lung volumes derived from conventional chest radiographs are usually based on the volumes within the outlines of the thoracic cage, and include the volume of tissue (normal and abnormal), as well as the lung gas volume. (ersjournals.com)
  • Among the reasons for failure, residual tension is the most discussed issue in the literature 7-11 . (bvsalud.org)
  • There were statistically significant differences between thalassaemia patients and controls in gall bladder fasting volume, residual volume, emptying time and contraction index. (who.int)
  • The maximum volume of gas that can be inspired from FRC is referred to as the inspiratory capacity (IC). (ersjournals.com)
  • After 1986, production volume of distillate fuels steadily increased to a maximum to 3,167,000 barrels in 1990 (API 1991). (cdc.gov)
  • Inspired and expired lung volumes measured by spirometry are useful for detecting, characterising and quantifying the severity of lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
  • however, between 1980 and 1986, distillate fuel production volumes fluctuated. (cdc.gov)
  • Production volumes of residual fuel oils showed a sharp increase between 1970 and 1980 and a sharp decline between 1980 and 1985 (IARC 1989). (cdc.gov)
  • No data were located for production volumes of fuel oil UNSP. (cdc.gov)
  • The residual stress in the strut was found to be uniaxial and to follow the orientation of the strut, while the residual stress in the knots was more hydro-static. (iucr.org)
  • We found no statistical relationship between the number, the size and the laterality of PAVMs and results of lung flows and volumes. (medscape.com)
  • Il existait une corrélation positive significative entre les volumes à jeun et résiduel et l'âge, le poids et la taille, et entre le volume à jeun et l'indice de masse corporelle et le niveau de ferritine sérique. (who.int)
  • There is no consensus on the optimal postvoid residual urine volume (PVRU) as a cut-off value prior to performing intermittent catheterisation (IMC). (nih.gov)
  • Additional information from a patient's voiding diary, cotton-swab test, cough stress test, measurement of postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume, cystoscopy, and urodynamic studies may be needed in selected patients. (medscape.com)
  • These two required electrical stimulation of the skin to initiate voiding, and, although residual urine volume was less, they still retained over 100 milliliters. (healingtherapies.info)
  • see urinary retention Gastric residual volume (GRV) is the volume of food or fluid remaining in the stomach at a point in time during enteral tube nutrition feeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gastric Residual Volumes Versus Abdominal Girth Measurement in Assessment of Feed Tolerance in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (medscape.com)
  • Gastric residual volumes (GRV) are used to assess feed tolerance but with little scientific basis. (medscape.com)
  • Radiographic lung volumes predict progression to COPD in smokers with preserved spirometry in SPIROMICS. (nih.gov)
  • 3. The effect of intermittent positive pressure breathing on lung volumes in acute quadriparesis. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Lung volumes and mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics. (nih.gov)
  • A field trial from 1979 through 1993 with three limestone and five zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) treatments applied at various intervals on several different crops was used to assess residual treatment effects on crop yields and nutrient contents, and Mehlich-3 soil element extractions. (bioone.org)
  • About 1% to 5% by volume of a mixture with oxygen or a gaseous mixture containing sufficient oxygen to maintain the respiratory volume is provided by the inhalation route to air-breathing mixed-breed animals. (hindawi.com)
  • There were statistically significant differences between thalassaemia patients and controls in gall bladder fasting volume, residual volume, emptying time and contraction index. (who.int)
  • Maximum cystometric capacity increased by an average 49 mL and average volume at first contraction increased by 52 mL. (aafp.org)
  • 8. The flow-volume loop in tetraplegics. (nih.gov)
  • What is the most appropriate method to correct flow and marker gas volume for sample flow? (ersjournals.com)
  • It is available in different variants: As basic variant Unofix QB with pure volume flow limitation or as Unofix QT with additional actuator and room thermostat with time interval for e.g. night setback. (oventrop.com)
  • Two different spacers with fixed or adjustable minimum stroke are available for Unofix QR to ensure the residual volume flow. (oventrop.com)
  • The catheter is indicated for those individuals unable to promote a natural urine flow or for those individuals who have a significant volume of residual urine following a natural bladder-voiding episode. (allegromedical.com)
  • Our aim was to compare strategies of collateral blood flow assessment in dynamic and conventional CTA in their ability to predict the follow-up infarction volume. (ajnr.org)
  • This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Residual volume. (wikipedia.org)
  • 18. Breathing near to residual volume with positive expiratory pressure. (nih.gov)
  • There was significant positive correlation between fasting and residual volumes and age, weight and height, and between fasting volume and body mass index and serum ferritin level. (who.int)
  • Il existait une corrélation positive significative entre les volumes à jeun et résiduel et l'âge, le poids et la taille, et entre le volume à jeun et l'indice de masse corporelle et le niveau de ferritine sérique. (who.int)
  • The residual volumes are of interests because of its importance to biological diversities, loss in timber revenues and risk assessment of insect pests. (slu.se)
  • At the turn of the century, the Wall Street model was a pure "originate to distribute" model with little to no residual risk on behalf of the originators or underwriters. (senseoncents.com)
  • When there is no residual risk, those who "WIN" are the players that can purely process the most volume. (senseoncents.com)
  • Average residual volume was 4 mL greater in the drug-treated patients, but significant heterogeneity was observed. (aafp.org)
  • When it comes to comparing forest areas owned by SCA with forest area owned by private landowners, the volumes were greater on SCAs forest area. (slu.se)
  • Line intersection inventory techniques have earlier been used to estimate volume of residual timber in an area. (slu.se)
  • In most cases, internal stresses remain locked in the structures as residual stress. (iucr.org)
  • The determination of the residual stress in lattice structures through nondestructive neutron diffraction is described in this work. (iucr.org)
  • a ) the correct alignment of the lattice structures within the neutron beam and ( b ) the correct determination of the residual stress field in a representative part of the structure. (iucr.org)
  • The magnitude and the direction of residual stress are discussed. (iucr.org)
  • The residual stress in the strut was found to be uniaxial and to follow the orientation of the strut, while the residual stress in the knots was more hydro-static. (iucr.org)
  • In unhealthy conditions such as asthma attack and diffuse obstructive emphysema, the residual volume is higher than normal. (biologyonline.com)
  • The use of dynamic CT angiography within the arteriovenous phase by using quantification of the volume of hypoattenuation is the superior technique for assessment of collateralization among the tested approaches. (ajnr.org)