Public Law No: 111-5, enacted February 2009, makes supplemental appropriations for job preservation and creation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed, and State and local fiscal stabilization, for fiscal year ending September 30, 2009.

"Research Support, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act" refers to funding and resources allocated by the US federal government through the 2009 stimulus bill to support various research projects and initiatives aimed at spurring economic recovery and technological advancement.

"'Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.' refers to funding or research assistance provided by United States government agencies, outside of the Public Health Service (P.H.S.), for biomedical and health-related research projects."

"Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S." is a funding source identifier used in scientific research publications to indicate that the research was supported by the U.S. Public Health Service (P.H.S.), which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and ultimately funded by the U.S. government.

"Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" is a grant category that refers to financial support from foreign governmental agencies outside of the United States federal government, for biomedical or health-related research and development projects.

"Research Support, U.S. Government refers to financial assistance from federal or national governmental agencies in the United States, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or the National Science Foundation (NSF), that supports biomedical and behavioral research conducted by extramural researchers."

"Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" refers to medical research funding awarded and managed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to support and conduct biomedical and behavioral research projects, research training, and career development activities outside of the NIH infrastructure.

"Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural" refers to the funding and resources provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for research projects and programs that are conducted within the NIH's own research institutions and facilities.

Financial support of research activities.

The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.

Conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The purpose of this research is to inform patients, providers, and decision-makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances. (hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/draftdefinition.html accessed 6/12/2009)