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ResearchResearch DesignDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Blood GlucoseResearch Support as TopicHemoglobin A, GlycosylatedNursing ResearchHypoglycemic AgentsEthics, ResearchInsulinResearch PersonnelDiabetes MellitusDrug DesignHealth Services ResearchUnited StatesGlucose Tolerance TestGlucose IntoleranceTranslational Medical ResearchInsulin-Secreting CellsRisk FactorsInsulin ResistanceHypoglycemiaGenetic ResearchDental ResearchGlucose Clamp TechniqueDiabetic NeuropathiesHyperglycemiaPrediabetic StateObesityFastingReference ValuesDiabetic AngiopathiesMetforminCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchC-PeptideEquipment DesignInsulin, Long-ActingCross-Sectional StudiesQualitative ResearchQuestionnairesCohort StudiesProspective StudiesClinical Nursing ResearchDiabetic FootDiabetes, GestationalEpidemiologic Research DesignBody Mass IndexReproducibility of ResultsDiabetic RetinopathyFoot UlcerTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringBehavioral ResearchRegression AnalysisHyperinsulinismDiabetic NephropathiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupFollow-Up StudiesDiabetic DietPlacebosComputer-Aided DesignAlbuminuriaPatient SelectionLongitudinal StudiesAge of OnsetPregnancyClinical Trials as TopicAdipose TissueData CollectionHuman ExperimentationCardiovascular DiseasesVenomsCooperative BehaviorInsulin LisproCross-Over StudiesPostprandial PeriodEthnic GroupsGlucoseDiabetes ComplicationsVoluntary Health AgenciesFoundationsNeoplasmsGreat BritainContinental Population GroupsDiabetic KetoacidosisAnalysis of VarianceOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Interviews as TopicInsulin, IsophaneDouble-Blind MethodProgram EvaluationCase-Control StudiesGenotypeInformed ConsentMetabolic Syndrome XIslets of LangerhansInsulin Infusion SystemsBlood PressureRetrospective StudiesAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupInfant, NewbornIncidenceInternetTriglyceridesBody WeightAge FactorsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalAcademies and InstitutesPregnancy in DiabeticsLife StyleSocioeconomic FactorsHispanic AmericansExerciseAlgorithmsPrevalencePeriodicals as TopicSex FactorsBiological MarkersProgram DevelopmentAfrican AmericansInsulin AntibodiesNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Risk AssessmentEmpirical ResearchPolymorphism, Single NucleotideReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionLipidsMultivariate AnalysisDietary FatsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeQuality of LifeEmbryo ResearchSample SizeIndians, North AmericanWeight LossDatabases, FactualSulfonylurea CompoundsHistory, 20th CenturyResearch ReportLogistic ModelsPredictive Value of TestsModels, TheoreticalAsian Continental Ancestry GroupFructosamineArizonaPatient Education as TopicInfusions, SubcutaneousMuscle, SkeletalGlucagonAdiponectinPerceptionDiagnostic Techniques, EndocrinePublishingInsulin AspartPatient SatisfactionPublic HealthDepressionInformation DisseminationOverweightStem Cell ResearchCost-Benefit AnalysisGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseSensitivity and SpecificityData Interpretation, StatisticalCanadaGenetic VariationFatty Acids, NonesterifiedWaist CircumferenceClinical ProtocolsQuality Assurance, Health CareSex CharacteristicsHealth PromotionBody CompositionSoftware DesignGlutamate DecarboxylaseFamilyPatient ComplianceOdds RatioCommunicationEnergy IntakeDietOperations ResearchLinear ModelsAttitude to HealthAustraliaDelivery of Health CareSelf CareDecision MakingEuropeAttitude of Health PersonnelSmokingMice, Inbred C57BLGuidelines as TopicMulticenter Studies as TopicUnited States Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityIslets of Langerhans TransplantationCognition
Research: Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1: A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Research Support as Topic: Financial support of research activities.Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated: Minor hemoglobin components of human erythrocytes designated A1a, A1b, and A1c. Hemoglobin A1c is most important since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude marked blood glucose fluctuations over the preceding three to four weeks, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is a more reliable index of the blood sugar average over a long period of time.Nursing Research: Research carried out by nurses, generally in clinical settings, in the areas of clinical practice, evaluation, nursing education, nursing administration, and methodology.Hypoglycemic Agents: Substances which lower blood glucose levels.Ethics, Research: The moral obligations governing the conduct of research. Used for discussions of research ethics as a general topic.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Research Personnel: Those individuals engaged in research.Diabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.Drug Design: The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.Health Services Research: The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)United StatesGlucose Tolerance Test: A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).Glucose Intolerance: A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.Translational Medical Research: The application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and studies in humans. A second area of translational research concerns enhancing the adoption of best practices.Insulin-Secreting Cells: A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Hypoglycemia: A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.Genetic Research: Research into the cause, transmission, amelioration, elimination, or enhancement of inherited disorders and traits.Dental Research: The study of laws, theories, and hypotheses through a systematic examination of pertinent facts and their interpretation in the field of dentistry. (From Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982, p674)Glucose Clamp Technique: Maintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used for the study of metabolic rates (e.g., in glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism) at constant glucose concentration.Diabetic Neuropathies: Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)Hyperglycemia: Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.Prediabetic State: The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Fasting: Abstaining from all food.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Diabetic Angiopathies: VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)Community-Based Participatory Research: Collaborative process of research involving researchers and community representatives.C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Insulin, Long-Acting: Insulin formulations that contain substances that retard absorption thus extending the time period of action.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Qualitative Research: Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Clinical Nursing Research: Research carried out by nurses in the clinical setting and designed to provide information that will help improve patient care. Other professional staff may also participate in the research.Diabetic Foot: Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.Diabetes, Gestational: Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.Epidemiologic Research Design: The form and structure of analytic studies in epidemiologic and clinical research.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.Foot Ulcer: Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring: Self evaluation of whole blood glucose levels outside the clinical laboratory. A digital or battery-operated reflectance meter may be used. It has wide application in controlling unstable insulin-dependent diabetes.Behavioral Research: Research that involves the application of the behavioral and social sciences to the study of the actions or reactions of persons or animals in response to external or internal stimuli. (from American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed)Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Hyperinsulinism: A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.Diabetic Nephropathies: KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Diabetic Diet: A diet prescribed in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, usually limited in the amount of sugar or readily available carbohydrate. (Dorland, 27th ed)Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Computer-Aided Design: The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.Albuminuria: The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Data Collection: Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.Human Experimentation: The use of humans as investigational subjects.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Venoms: Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator.Cooperative Behavior: The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)Insulin Lispro: Insulin that has been modified so that the B-chain contains a LYSINE at position 28 instead of a PROLINE and a PROLINE at position 29 instead of a LYSINE. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Postprandial Period: The time frame after a meal or FOOD INTAKE.Ethnic Groups: A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.Diabetes Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.Voluntary Health Agencies: Non-profit organizations concerned with various aspects of health, e.g., education, promotion, treatment, services, etc.Foundations: Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Great BritainContinental Population Groups: Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Outcome Assessment (Health Care): Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).Interviews as Topic: Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.Insulin, Isophane: An intermediate-acting INSULIN preparation with onset time of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours. It is produced by crystallizing ZINC-insulin-PROTAMINES at neutral pH 7. Thus it is called neutral protamine Hagedorn for inventor Hans Christian Hagedorn.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Program Evaluation: Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Informed Consent: Voluntary authorization, by a patient or research subject, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures, and for medical and surgical treatment.Metabolic Syndrome X: A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)Islets of Langerhans: Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.Insulin Infusion Systems: Portable or implantable devices for infusion of insulin. Includes open-loop systems which may be patient-operated or controlled by a pre-set program and are designed for constant delivery of small quantities of insulin, increased during food ingestion, and closed-loop systems which deliver quantities of insulin automatically based on an electronic glucose sensor.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.African Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.TriglyceridesBody Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental: Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.Academies and Institutes: Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.Pregnancy in Diabetics: The state of PREGNANCY in women with DIABETES MELLITUS. This does not include either symptomatic diabetes or GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE induced by pregnancy (DIABETES, GESTATIONAL) which resolves at the end of pregnancy.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Hispanic Americans: Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Program Development: The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).African Americans: Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.Insulin Antibodies: Antibodies specific to INSULIN.National Institutes of Health (U.S.): An operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to health and medical research. Until 1995, it was an agency of the United States PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Empirical Research: The study, based on direct observation, use of statistical records, interviews, or experimental methods, of actual practices or the actual impact of practices or policies.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice: Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Embryo Research: Experimentation on, or using the organs or tissues from, a human or other mammalian conceptus during the prenatal stage of development that is characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. In humans, this includes the period from the time of fertilization to the end of the eighth week after fertilization.Sample Size: The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)Indians, North American: Individual members of North American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia.Weight Loss: Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Sulfonylurea CompoundsHistory, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.Research Report: Detailed account or statement or formal record of data resulting from empirical inquiry.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Asian Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the "classical" Amadori rearrangement.ArizonaPatient Education as Topic: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.Infusions, Subcutaneous: The administration of liquid medication or nutrients under the skin, usually over minutes or hours.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)Adiponectin: A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Perception: The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the endocrine glands or demonstration of their physiological processes.Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.Insulin Aspart: Insulin that has been modified to contain an ASPARTIC ACID instead of a PROLINE at position 38 of the B-chain.Patient Satisfaction: The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.Information Dissemination: The circulation or wide dispersal of information.Overweight: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".Stem Cell Research: Experimentation on STEM CELLS and on the use of stem cells.Cost-Benefit Analysis: A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Canada: The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Fatty Acids, Nonesterified: FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.Waist Circumference: The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.Clinical Protocols: Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy.Quality Assurance, Health Care: Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Health Promotion: Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Software Design: Specifications and instructions applied to the software.Glutamate Decarboxylase: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.Family: A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.Patient Compliance: Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Communication: The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.Energy Intake: Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Operations Research: A group of techniques developed to apply scientific methods and tools to solve the problems of DECISION MAKING in complex organizations and systems. Operations research searches for optimal solutions in situations of conflicting GOALS and makes use of mathematical models from which solutions for actual problems may be derived. (From Psychiatric Dictionary, 6th ed)Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Attitude to Health: Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.Australia: The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.Delivery of Health Care: The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.Self Care: Performance of activities or tasks traditionally performed by professional health care providers. The concept includes care of oneself or one's family and friends.Decision Making: The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.EuropeAttitude of Health Personnel: Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Mice, Inbred C57BLGuidelines as Topic: A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.Multicenter Studies as Topic: Works about controlled studies which are planned and carried out by several cooperating institutions to assess certain variables and outcomes in specific patient populations, for example, a multicenter study of congenital anomalies in children.United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE established in 1990 to "provide indexing, abstracting, translating, publishing, and other services leading to a more effective and timely dissemination of information on research, demonstration projects, and evaluations with respect to health care to public and private entities and individuals engaged in the improvement of health care delivery..." It supersedes the National Center for Health Services Research. The United States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was renamed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) under the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999.Islets of Langerhans Transplantation: The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Cognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Experimental production of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: comparison of serological and immunological responses using pili fractions of Moraxella bovis. (1/10529)

The effect of vaccinating cattle and mice on the development of keratoconjunctivitis was studied. Cattle were vaccinated with whole cells, disrupted cells and pili fractions of three strains of Moraxella bovis. Mice were vaccinated with pili fractions of three strains. The resistance of all vaccinated animals was challenged with virulent cultures of M. bovis. In an attempt to correlate the response seen after vaccination and challenge with a pili fraction of M. bovis, vaccinated cattle and mice were grouped on the basis of signs of disease manifested and compared on the basis of serological responses. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by a gel diffusion precipitin test. A greater number of the sera of resistant cattle had antibodies to the homologous pili antigen than those of vaccinated nonresistant cattle. Cattle vaccinated with disrupted cells were not resistant to infectious bovine kerato-conjuctivitis and their sera lacked antibodies against the pili antigens. Vaccinated mice were more resistant to infectious bovine kerato-conjuctivitis and their sera lacked antibodies against the pili antigens. Vaccinated mice were more resistant to challenge exposure by homologous than heterologous cultures. A greater number of the sera of resistant mice had antibodies to pili antigens than nonresistant mice.  (+info)

A genetic model of substrate deprivation therapy for a glycosphingolipid storage disorder. (2/10529)

Inherited defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) cause a group of severe diseases known as GSL storage disorders. There are currently no effective treatments for the majority of these disorders. We have explored a new treatment paradigm, substrate deprivation therapy, by constructing a genetic model in mice. Sandhoff's disease mice, which abnormally accumulate GSLs, were bred with mice that were blocked in their synthesis of GSLs. The mice with simultaneous defects in GSL synthesis and degradation no longer accumulated GSLs, had improved neurologic function, and had a much longer life span. However, these mice eventually developed a late-onset neurologic disease because of accumulation of another class of substrate, oligosaccharides. The results support the validity of the substrate deprivation therapy and also highlight some limitations.  (+info)

The changing criterion design. (3/10529)

This article describes and illustrates with two case studies a relatively novel form of the multiple-baseline design called the changing criterion design. It also presents the design's formal requirements, and suggests target behaviors and circumstances for which the design might be useful.  (+info)

Defining and analysing symptom palliation in cancer clinical trials: a deceptively difficult exercise. (4/10529)

The assessment of symptom palliation is an essential component of many treatment comparisons in clinical trials, yet an extensive literature search revealed no consensus as to its precise definition, which could embrace relief of symptoms, time to their onset, duration, degree, as well as symptom control and prevention. In an attempt to assess the importance of these aspects and to compare different methods of analysis, we used one symptom (cough) from a patient self-assessment questionnaire (the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist) in a large (>300 patient) multicentre randomized clinical trial (conducted by the Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party) of palliative chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. The regimens compared were a two-drug regimen (2D) and a four-drug regimen (4D). No differences were seen between the regimens in time of onset of palliation or its duration. The degree of palliation was strongly related to the initial severity: 90% of the patients with moderate or severe cough at baseline reported improvement, compared with only 53% of those with mild cough. Analyses using different landmark time points gave conflicting results: the 4D regimen was superior at 1 month and at 3 months, whereas at 2 months the 2D regimen appeared superior. When improvement at any time up to 3 months was considered, the 4D regimen showed a significant benefit (4D 79%, 2D 60%, P = 0.02). These findings emphasize the need for caution in interpreting results, and the importance of working towards a standard definition of symptom palliation. The current lack of specified criteria makes analysis and interpretation of trial results difficult, and comparison across trials impossible. A standard definition of palliation for use in the analysis of clinical trials data is proposed, which takes into account aspects of onset, duration and degree of palliation, and symptom improvement, control and prevention.  (+info)

Making Medicaid managed care research relevant. (5/10529)

OBJECTIVE: To help researchers better understand Medicaid managed care and the kinds of research studies that will be both feasible and of value to policymakers and program staff. The article builds on our experience researching Medicaid managed care to provide insight for researchers who want to be policy relevant. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We draw four lessons from our work on Medicaid managed care in seven states. First, these are complex programs that differ substantially across states. Second, each program faces common challenges and issues. The need to address common design elements involving program eligibility, managed care and provider contracting, beneficiary enrollment, education, marketing, and administration and oversight provides a vehicle that researchers can use to help understand states and to provide them with relevant insight. Third, well-designed case studies can provide invaluable descriptive insights. Such case studies suggest that providing effective descriptions of state programs and experience, monitoring information on program performance and tradeoffs, and insight on implementation and design are all valuable products of such studies that have considerable potential to be converted into policy-actionable advice. And fourth, some questions demand impact studies but the structure of Medicaid managed care poses major barriers to such studies. CONCLUSIONS: Many challenges confront researchers seeking to develop policy-relevant research on managed care. Researchers need to confront these challenges in turn by developing second-best approaches that will provide timely insight into important questions in a relatively defensible and rigorous way in the face of many constraints. If researchers do not, others will, and researchers may find their contributions limited in important areas for policy debate.  (+info)

A simulation study of confounding in generalized linear models for air pollution epidemiology. (6/10529)

Confounding between the model covariates and causal variables (which may or may not be included as model covariates) is a well-known problem in regression models used in air pollution epidemiology. This problem is usually acknowledged but hardly ever investigated, especially in the context of generalized linear models. Using synthetic data sets, the present study shows how model overfit, underfit, and misfit in the presence of correlated causal variables in a Poisson regression model affect the estimated coefficients of the covariates and their confidence levels. The study also shows how this effect changes with the ranges of the covariates and the sample size. There is qualitative agreement between these study results and the corresponding expressions in the large-sample limit for the ordinary linear models. Confounding of covariates in an overfitted model (with covariates encompassing more than just the causal variables) does not bias the estimated coefficients but reduces their significance. The effect of model underfit (with some causal variables excluded as covariates) or misfit (with covariates encompassing only noncausal variables), on the other hand, leads to not only erroneous estimated coefficients, but a misguided confidence, represented by large t-values, that the estimated coefficients are significant. The results of this study indicate that models which use only one or two air quality variables, such as particulate matter [less than and equal to] 10 microm and sulfur dioxide, are probably unreliable, and that models containing several correlated and toxic or potentially toxic air quality variables should also be investigated in order to minimize the situation of model underfit or misfit.  (+info)

Variability in meta-analytic results concerning the value of cholesterol reduction in coronary heart disease: a meta-meta-analysis. (7/10529)

Despite official support for the efficacy of cholesterol reduction, considerable controversy exists, and meta-analyses of this topic have produced conflicting results. The authors assessed the variability of meta-analyses, evaluating the cardiovascular value of cholesterol reduction while attempting to explain the variability. Metaanalyses were identified by electronic search and citation tracking. Included were those conducted prior to 1995 that dealt with cholesterol reduction and total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, or nonfatal cardiovascular disease. In addition to extracting odds ratios for total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, the authors encoded methodological variables, publication variables, and data concerning investigators' backgrounds. Twenty-three meta-analyses were reviewed, and 15 concluded that cholesterol reduction was beneficial. Summary odds ratios for total mortality were heterogeneous, generally failing to support the value of cholesterol reduction. Odds ratios depended on inclusion criteria and investigator variables. Odds ratios for cardiovascular mortality and for nonfatal cardiovascular disease were more homogeneous and supported the value of cholesterol reduction. Methodologically better meta-analyses tended to report more beneficial odds ratios. Although "supportiveness" of the value of cholesterol reduction was associated with inclusion/exclusion criteria and publication variables, the primary outcome variable related to supportiveness was the statistical significance of the odds ratios for cardiovascular mortality.  (+info)

Contralateral fracture of the proximal femur. Implications for planning trials. (8/10529)

In three consecutive years 462 patients over the age of 60 years presented at Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand, with a fracture of the proximal femur. Within two years, 11 (2.4%) returned with a fracture of the contralateral femur. If the effectiveness of any form of treatment aiming at reducing the incidence of contralateral fracture were subjected to a trial, a sample size of 5000, randomly distributed equally between treatment and placebo groups, would be needed for the trial to have a power of 80% to detect a reduction.  (+info)

CureGN Study Rationale, Design, and Methods: Establishing a Large Prospective Observational Study of Glomerular Disease<...CureGN Study Rationale, Design, and Methods: Establishing a Large Prospective Observational Study of Glomerular Disease<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - CureGN Study Rationale, Design, and Methods. T2 - Establishing a Large Prospective Observational Study of Glomerular Disease. AU - CureGN Consortium. AU - Mariani, Laura H.. AU - Bomback, Andrew S.. AU - Canetta, Pietro A.. AU - Flessner, Michael F.. AU - Helmuth, Margaret. AU - Hladunewich, Michelle A.. AU - Hogan, Jonathan J.. AU - Kiryluk, Krzysztof. AU - Nachman, Patrick H.. AU - Nast, Cynthia C.. AU - Rheault, Michelle N.. AU - Rizk, Dana V.. AU - Trachtman, Howard. AU - Wenderfer, Scott E.. AU - Bowers, Corinna. AU - Hill-Callahan, Peg. AU - Marasa, Maddalena. AU - Poulton, Caroline J.. AU - Revell, Adelaide. AU - Vento, Suzanne. AU - Barisoni, Laura. AU - Cattran, Dan. AU - DAgati, Vivette. AU - Jennette, J. Charles. AU - Klein, Jon B.. AU - Laurin, Louis Philippe. AU - Twombley, Katherine. AU - Falk, Ronald J.. AU - Gharavi, Ali G.. AU - Gillespie, Brenda W.. AU - Gipson, Debbie S.. AU - Greenbaum, Larry A.. AU - Holzman, Lawrence B.. AU - Kretzler, Matthias. AU - ...
Study Design Considerations for Cancer Biomarker Discoveries. - Early Detection Research NetworkStudy Design Considerations for Cancer Biomarker Discoveries. - Early Detection Research Network
Biomarker discovery studies have generated an array of omic data, however few novel biomarkers have reached clinical use. Guidelines for rigorous study designs are needed.. Biases frequently occur in sample selection, outcome ascertainment, or unblinded sample handling and assaying process. The principles of a prospective-specimen collection and retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design can be adapted to mitigate various sources of biases in discovery. We recommend establishing quality biospecimen repositories using matched two-phase designs to minimize biases and maximize efficiency. We also highlight the importance of taking the clinical context into consideration in both sample selection and power calculation for discovery studies.. Biomarker discovery research should follow rigorous design principles in sample se- lection to avoid biases. Consideration of clinical application and the corresponding biomarker performance characteristics in study designs will lead to a more fruitful ...
Researchers may have found why women have an edge on salt-sensitive hy... ( AUGUSTA Ga. Researchers may have fo...)Researchers may have found why women have an edge on salt-sensitive hy... ( AUGUSTA Ga. Researchers may have fo...)
...AUGUSTA Ga. Researchers may have found why women have an edge in kee...Premenopausal women are known to have fewer problems with salt-sensiti...The reason appears to be related to female hormones and a new-found ro...Their finding points to the need for gender studies on how these endot...,Researchers,may,have,found,why,women,have,an,edge,on,salt-sensitive,hypertension,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters
Appropriate | Puding coklat saus vlaAppropriate | Puding coklat saus vla
Appropriate designs chaplin ct appropriate designs is connecticut residential green design and build firm that has its roots in the age old master builder tradition in which the most competent appropriate designs the (c) appropriate designs all rights reserved designed and developed by quadsimia find age appropriate books for advanced readers some books for kids…
Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health | The BMJFramework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health | The BMJ
The main trial will need to address the issues normally posed by randomised controlled trials, such as sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and methods of randomisation, as well as the challenges of complex interventions. Individual randomisation may not always be feasible or appropriate. For example, cluster randomisation is often used for trials of interventions directed at a practice or hospital team. 10 11 Randomised incomplete block designs have also been used to evaluate different approaches to promoting change in professional behaviour.12. It is often not possible to conceal allocation of treatment from the patient, practitioner, and researcher in complex intervention trials. The potential biases of unblinded trials therefore have to be taken into account. Dissimilar levels of patient commitment between intervention and control groups may cause differential dropout, making interpretation of results difficult. When patients have strong preferences, a preference trial design may ...
PPT - Experimental Research - Group Designs PowerPoint Presentation - ID:379988PPT - Experimental Research - Group Designs PowerPoint Presentation - ID:379988
Experimental Research - Group Designs. Population and Sample. Sampling. Sample should be representative of population How representative must a sample be? How does one recruit a representative sample? What is the rationale for the selection of a sample? Slideshow 379988 by amish
The clinically-integrated randomized trial: proposed novel method for conducting large trials at low cost | Trials | Full TextThe clinically-integrated randomized trial: proposed novel method for conducting large trials at low cost | Trials | Full Text
We see four potential barriers to adoption of clinically-integrated randomized trials: methodologic, technical, practical and regulatory. The methodologic issue is that. clinically-integrated randomized trials ask about the effectiveness of treatments in routine clinical practice. This is generally the domain of what are known as "pragmatic" trials, which cannot have the sort of rigorous controls associated with "explanatory" trials[23], such as blinding or careful outcome assessment (for example, in a diet trial, patients would weigh themselves). Instead, one would need to trust that there would not be important preferences - leading to bias - between different similar alternatives, and that the sort of large sample sizes possible with clinically-integrated trials - 10, 20 or 50 fold greater than with traditional trials - would offset any increase in variance associated with sub-optimal outcome assessment, or the possibility of cheating by a minority of participants with a vested interest in ...
Parental reasoning about growth attenuation therapy: report of a single-case study | Journal of Medical EthicsParental reasoning about growth attenuation therapy: report of a single-case study | Journal of Medical Ethics
We acknowledge that this is a single-case report reflecting one couples views on GA therapy and that these may not be shared by other parents in similar circumstances. Providing such a nuanced and detailed account of these parents reasoning precludes exhaustive review of ethical arguments surrounding GA, but these are well documented elsewhere.1 There is a clear need for further work to see whether our findings are replicated, and to consider the views of parents who choose not to access this treatment or who access it for different reasons. However, while the ethical considerations these parents thought important might not be ones other parents think matter, they are viewpoints that can be weighed in the balance and contribute to the quality of ethical argument. In this regard, we believe there are important insights to be gained from this report regarding how these parents characterise benefits and harms and their responsibilities as surrogate decision-makers.. One of these insights relates ...
The Analysis of Covariance and Alternatives: Statistical Methods for Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Single-Case Studies by...The Analysis of Covariance and Alternatives: Statistical Methods for Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Single-Case Studies by...
Find great deals for The Analysis of Covariance and Alternatives: Statistical Methods for Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Single-Case Studies by Bradley Huitema (Hardback, 2011). Shop with confidence on eBay!
A Distinct People with a Distinct History and Interests? : A Longitudinal Single-Case Study of Nationalist Themes in The United...A Distinct People with a Distinct History and Interests? : A Longitudinal Single-Case Study of Nationalist Themes in The United...
This thesis studies the presence of different nationalist themes in the rhetoric of The United Kingdom Independence Partys (UKIP) manifestos for general elections between 1997 and 2018 exploring how the rhetoric of UKIPs manifestos use various nationalist themes and the continuity and change in the presence of these themes over time. The theoretical approach for this thesis consists of a set of modernist and contemporary nationalist theories utilising primarily the works of John Breuilly, Benedict Andersson and Michael Billig. Drawing from these theoretical concepts, three main categories were created for the nationalist themes: Distinct people, distinct history and distinct interests. This thesis conducts a longitudinal, single-case content analysis, that employs mixed methods by qualitatively coding the manifestos using a deductive coding frame, and by counting the assigned codes and providing a quantitative analysis on the presence of nationalist themes in the manifestos. The main ...
Shop Optimal Design Of Control Systems: Stochastic And Deterministic ProblemsShop Optimal Design Of Control Systems: Stochastic And Deterministic Problems
Despite their available shop Optimal Design of of Blast against little production %, committee hazard is classified: 85 duty of soils required primary maker in the public exposure of OEF shielded too existing their general-purpose returns at the combat of event. While 41 shop Optimal Design of Control Systems: Stochastic and Deterministic Problems of needs could just sync whether or significantly they worked mitigating position RSC at the knowledge of work, 17 combat of results worked instituting cost OBJECTIVE while 26 marketplace of materials was Also. Despite the shop Optimal Design of Control Systems: Stochastic and of concerns and attacks against first and great site, BLPS, SPECS, and SWDG provisions of page phosphate are directly be against location features.
NMR thesis Force-Detected NMR in a Homogeneous Field: Experiment Design, Apparatus, and Observations - BioNMRNMR thesis Force-Detected NMR in a Homogeneous Field: Experiment Design, Apparatus, and Observations - BioNMR
Force-Detected NMR in a Homogeneous Field: Experiment Design, Apparatus, and Observations Madsen, Louis Albert (2002) Force-Detected NMR in a
Socioeconomic Well-Being - Soft Model - Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica - Tom 255 Methodological Aspects of...Socioeconomic Well-Being - Soft Model - Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica - Tom 255 Methodological Aspects of...
Dobrobyt społeczno-ekonomiczny to pojęcie złożone, które nie ma w literaturze precyzyjnego i jednoznacznego określenia, stąd trudności jego pomiaru. Wielu polityków, ekonomistów, międzynarodowe instytucje i media próbują wykorzystywać produkt krajowy brutto, czy też dochód narodowy, jako miernik dobrobytu. Jest to podejście niewłaściwe, gdyż jeden i ten sam miernik nie może poprawnie charakteryzować dwóch różnych merytorycznie agregatów - produkcji i dobrobytu. W badaniach społeczno-ekonomicznych podejmowane są próby wprowadzenia alternatywnych, czy też komplementarnych w stosunku do PKB mierników dobrobytu. Trwają poszukiwania formuły, stąd pomiar dobrobytu społeczno-ekonomicznego jest otwartym problemem badawczym. Głównym celem referatu jest zaprezentowanie próby pomiaru dobrobytu społeczno-ekonomicznego z wykorzystaniem modelowania miękkiego. W pierwszej części referatu zaprezentowane będą rozważania na podstawie literatury o sposobach definiowania ...
Veso | Trial designVeso | Trial design
We also offer long-term studies to evaluate the duration of protection (DOP) after vaccination. Duration trials can be run in parallel with field trials. Data from such studies are important to demonstrate to which extent the fish are protected throughout the production cycle.. We are sincerely dedicated to ensuring that trials involving fish are performed humanely and with a minimum of fish use. Our study directors can help optimize trial design to combine cost efficiency and ethical aspects with particular focus on adaptive trial design, whenever applicable.. For further information, please contact Marie Løvoll or Valentina Tapia. ...
Frequent attenders in general practice care: a literature review with special reference to methodological considerationsFrequent attenders in general practice care: a literature review with special reference to methodological considerations
The diversity of designs, definitions and methods in the current literature on FAs in general practice hampers comparison of their precision, validity and generalizability, and calls for cautious interpretation and adoption of a common, generally acceptable definition in future studies.
Methodological Considerations in Elderly Studies: A Narrative Review - Iranian Journal of EpidemiologyMethodological Considerations in Elderly Studies: A Narrative Review - Iranian Journal of Epidemiology
Iranian Journal of Epidemiology covers all different fields of epidemiology, as a multidisciplinary science. The journal publish original articles form all divisions of Epidemiology in its diverse contexts & its primary focus is on clinical medicine, public health, and health care delivery.
A Phase II, Adaptive Trial Design Examining the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Modified Release Amphetamine ...A Phase II, Adaptive Trial Design Examining the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Modified Release Amphetamine ...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
ChB3-CDFOR2LRR: Convert CDF Odds Ratio to Logged Relative Risks in PwrGSD: Power in a Group Sequential DesignChB3-CDFOR2LRR: Convert CDF Odds Ratio to Logged Relative Risks in PwrGSD: Power in a Group Sequential Design
Given the values of the baseline hazard and odds ratio of the CDF at a grid of time points find the corresponding logged risk ratio.
SEMrush Ranking Factors Study - Methodology DemystifiedSEMrush Ranking Factors Study - Methodology Demystified
Learn why machine learning beats correlation analysis and what is the difference in ranking factors impact on a specific URL vs a domain.
Going where no other researchers go: Collecting information from primary and secondary care notes of people with severe mental...Going where no other researchers go: Collecting information from primary and secondary care notes of people with severe mental...
Whats on at Plymouth University: Going where no other researchers go: Collecting information from primary and secondary care notes of people with severe mental illness in England. A multi-site cross-sectional observational study. 19 September 2017.
Avoiding bad science through better research design - On HealthAvoiding bad science through better research design - On Health
What if policymakers, science reporters and even scientists cant distinguish between weak and trustworthy research studies that underlie our health care decisions?. Many studies of healthcare treatments and policies do not prove cause-and-effect relationships because they suffer from faulty research designs. The result is a pattern of mistakes and corrections: early studies of new treatments tend to show dramatic positive health effects, which diminish or disappear as more rigorous studies are conducted.. Indeed, when experts on research evidence do systematic reviews of research studies they commonly exclude 50%-75% because they do not meet basic research design standards required to yield trustworthy conclusions.. In many such studies researchers try to statistically manipulate data to adjust for irreconcilable differences between intervention and control groups. Yet it is these very differences that often create the reported, but invalid, effects of the treatments or policies that were ...
Some theoretical and methodological considerations for the development of a critical competences model (CCM): an operant...Some theoretical and methodological considerations for the development of a critical competences model (CCM): an operant...
El presente documento expone algunas consideraciones teóricas y metodológicas para el desarrollo de un modelo de competencias críticas (MCC). Este se define como un conjunto de habilidades y conocimientos funcionalmente organizados que permiten alcanzar resultados medibles con consecuencias positivas para los objetivos estratégicos del negocio. Para el desarrollo de la propuesta, se abordaron planteamientos teóricos sobre el modelo clásico de competencias laborales, el modelo contemporáneo de competencias laborales y el modelo de competencia humana. la implementación del modelo contempla cinco pasos: 1) realizar un análisis del puesto considerando cuáles son las dimensiones o facetas que serán susceptibles de revisión; 2) identificar a las personas con los desempeños opuestos (los de desempeño superior y los de desempeño inferior); 3) identificar los incidentes críticos más relevantes al puesto; 4) desarrollar escalas de valoración de anclajes (eVA) y 5) validar las eVA ...
Design considerations for powerful continuous-wave second-Cyclotron-harmonic coaxial-cavity gyrotrons - IEEE Journals & MagazineDesign considerations for powerful continuous-wave second-Cyclotron-harmonic coaxial-cavity gyrotrons - IEEE Journals & Magazine
The mode-selection ability of coaxial gyrotron cavities with a longitudinally corrugated inner conductor is systematically examined, as regards powerful, c
Genome Editing with Direct Cas9 RNP Delivery Design ConsiderationsGenome Editing with Direct Cas9 RNP Delivery Design Considerations
|div class=section| |h2|Introduction|/h2| |/div| |div class=support-info section| |div class=grid_8_lg grid_8_md support-sect| |p|Originally discovered as a bacterial adaptive defense system, CRISPR-Cas9 uses antisense RNA rem
KOL Perspectives: Adaptive Trial Designs in IBD - GIIKOL Perspectives: Adaptive Trial Designs in IBD - GII
The insight briefing is based on Sociable Pharmas analysis of primary research with our IBD key opinion leaders (KOLs). In total, we conducted interviews with 10 KOLs -. ...
If you could just provide me with a sample: examining sampling in qualitative and quantitative research papers | Evidence-Based...If you could just provide me with a sample: examining sampling in qualitative and quantitative research papers | Evidence-Based...
Not all research designs are concerned with generalising from a sample to a population of people. Qualitative studies use rich and deep description to inform our understanding of concepts and contribute to broader theoretical understanding. For example, Wilsons study of the experiences of older adults making the transition to life in a nursing home says nothing about the amount of experience or the probability of "adjustment" to a nursing home; instead, the author simply describes what that experience might be like.9 (See Evidence-Based Nursing 1998 Jul, p96.) On the basis of this description, the author proposes a 3 stage theory about the process of adjustment to a nursing home placement. What this means is that nurses should consider the possibility that these stages might need to be addressed with patients undergoing this transition. Good qualitative enquiry leads to theoretical generalisability rather than statistical inference.. Because we want to generalise about the shape or content of a ...
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research - Research database - University of GroningenAging Clinical and Experimental Research - Research database - University of Groningen
van Heuvelen, MJG., Hochstenbach, JBM., Brouwer, WH., de Greef, MHG., Zijlstra, GAR., van Jaarsveld, E., Kempen, GIJM., van Sonderen, E., Ormel, J. & Mulder, T., Jun-2005, In : Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 17, 3, p. 236-245 10 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review ...
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting...The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting...
Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a studys generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September, 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the
CiteSeerX - The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for...CiteSeerX - The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for...
CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): A B S T R A C T Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a studys generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent
Resources for study design, reporting guidelines, data management, statistics, and patent searching.Resources for study design, reporting guidelines, data management, statistics, and patent searching.
Introduction to Research by Elizabeth DePoy; Laura N. Gitlin Bridge the gap between research and practice with DePoy and Gitlins Introduction to Research: Understanding and Applying Multiple Strategies, 4th Edition. This completely updated, user-friendly text helps you better understand not only the research process, but also research designs and their applications to the real world of clinical practice. Covering multiple research strategies (including both qualitative and quantitative research), it gives you a balanced approach to various research traditions, addressing the key issues that are emerging in todays health care environment. Case examples provide real-life snapshots of what it is like to participate in different types of research processes, identify research dilemmas relevant to chapter subjects, and alert you to problems you might encounter. Authors make the topics more accessible, so research becomes more relevant - and topics come to life. Covers experimental-type, ...
Education | Methodology & StatisticsEducation | Methodology & Statistics
The focus is on statistical concepts and techniques that play a role in summarizing and describing observed variables and relationships between variables, as well as generalizing the results for a larger group of people than the observed group. The first theme of this course is to summarize the observed data. The second theme is the testing concept. The third theme pertains to various basic statistical techniques that are used to analyse observed data.. Course code and title: EPH2008 and EPH2009: Statistics Trajectory. Coordinator: Dr. Valeria Lima Passos. Contents: The Methodology, Epidemiology and Statistics horizontal trajectories (MES) focus on methodological aspects involved in planning, conducting and interpreting empirical, quantitative research. They are meant to familiarize students with the mentality of working with problems, of developing a framework for thinking patterns and strategies for problem solving. In the statistical part students will learn to integrate statistical elements ...
NEET 2018: Tactic, intelligence and rigorous study method to help you score well | The Indian ExpressNEET 2018: Tactic, intelligence and rigorous study method to help you score well | The Indian Express
NEET 2018: The NEET common entrance examination started in 2013 to end multiple entrance examinations for admissions to undergraduate MBBS and BDS courses.
Experimental Research on Failure Mechanism of a CVI-Fabricated Ceramic Matrix Composite under CompressionExperimental Research on Failure Mechanism of a CVI-Fabricated Ceramic Matrix Composite under Compression
Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology: Experimental Research on Failure Mechanism of a CVI-Fabricated Ceramic Matrix Composite under Compression
Researchers May Have Found a Weak Link in the Flu Virus : Rochester NewsResearchers May Have Found a Weak Link in the Flu Virus : Rochester News
The scientists singled out a messenger RNA (mRNA) in their research because it allows the production of two proteins needed for viral propagation. Production of the second protein requires the mRNA to undergo the process of splicing, in which two remote sites of the long molecule join together, while the intervening segment is discarded. We look at one of the splicing sites as a potential switch, said Turner. If we can inactivate the switch to prevent the two sites from coming together, we can stop the virus from spreading.. The scientists analyzed data from the sequencing of the influenza genome, which is available on a government database, in order to construct a 2-D rendering of the RNA molecule. By using a combination of computational and biochemical tools, they found that one of the splicing sites-referred to as 3-exists in either an exposed hairpin loop or a difficult-to-access pseudoknot. The scientists concluded that there are two ways to prevent splicing of the RNA strands. One ...
Data on Display - Association for Psychological ScienceData on Display - Association for Psychological Science
In line with our fields goals of improving openness, methodological rigor, and reproducibility of science, graphical descriptives (GDs) - the visualization of research data - can be used in the research process and eventually be …
Selecting a sample size for studies with repeated measures | BMC Medical Research Methodology | Full TextSelecting a sample size for studies with repeated measures | BMC Medical Research Methodology | Full Text
Many researchers favor repeated measures designs because they allow the detection of within-person change over time and typically have higher statistical power than cross-sectional designs. However, the plethora of inputs needed for repeated measures designs can make sample size selection, a critical step in designing a successful study, difficult. Using a dental pain study as a driving example, we provide guidance for selecting an appropriate sample size for testing a time by treatment interaction for studies with repeated measures. We describe how to (1) gather the required inputs for the sample size calculation, (2) choose appropriate software to perform the calculation, and (3) address practical considerations such as missing data, multiple aims, and continuous covariates.
Table design issues with merged cells in rdlc reportTable design issues with merged cells in rdlc report
Then a new row was added to the table. All the cells in this row were merged and a rectangle added to this row. Then a few textboxes were added to this rectange. Now when this report is run, the display of the table is disturbed. An empty column in shown before the last column and the header of the last column also appears displaced ...
2020 | Page 6 of 6 | UCSF Library2020 | Page 6 of 6 | UCSF Library
Have a research protocol youd like to share with other researchers? You might have seen the announcement that the University of California system has a three-year premium subscription for protocols.io, a platform for collaborative research and an open repository of research protocols. One of the benefits of this pilot is a service offered by protocols.io to import and format an existing protocol for you. Heres how it works: Send protocols.io the protocol you wish to … Read more. ...
Safety, health and working conditions in the transfer of technology to developing countriesSafety, health and working conditions in the transfer of technology to developing countries
The objectives of this code are: to ensure the appropriate design, proper installation and safe operation and use of new equipment, processes, projects and related products being transferred to developing countries; to provide the means of analysing, from the standpoint of safety and health and conditions of work, existing technologies imported by developing countries and of modifying them to remove the hazards discovered by the analyses; to provide guidance in the setting up of administrative, legal and educational frameworks within which preventive and remedial measures can be implemented ...
To knowTo know
I agree to the potential problems you mentioned about experimental design. But I can assure you all those problems (known as "confounding(s)") are well known to researchers. But sometimes corners are cut because of convenience or sloppiness. One major criterion of scientific data is "reliability," which in laymans term means the data must be "replicable" by other researchers. Because it is rare that multiple groups of researchers commit the same set of confoundings/experimental errors, so if data of all researchers converge (i.e, produce a similar pattern of results), we can be assured potential confoundings either do not exist or are irrelevant. The "father of cloning" in Korea got caught of fabricating data because other researchers could not replicate his data. -TT ...
Experimental research on the effect of low and middle intensity shooting exercise on patients with hypertension in Aanning...Experimental research on the effect of low and middle intensity shooting exercise on patients with hypertension in Aanning...
Objective: To study the effect of low and middle intensity shooting on community patients with hypertension. Methods: Research methods including lite..
Category Search ResultsCategory Search Results
Keywords: CTIMPS, complex clinical trials, adaptive trials, protocols, safety, integrity, reporting, complex design, initiation, delivery, conduct, Sponsorship, sponsors, trial design, study set up ...
Dedication of the Structural Engineering and Material Research Lab Remarks - pdf descargarDedication of the Structural Engineering and Material Research Lab Remarks - pdf descargar
Dedication of the Structural Engineering and Material Research Lab Remarks. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Obesity has doubled since 1980, major global analysis of risk factors reveals | Urban Design News | Urban Design GroupObesity has doubled since 1980, major global analysis of risk factors reveals | Urban Design News | Urban Design Group
The Urban Design Group provides a forum for architectural, design, and urban planning firms to address urban design issues. Includes information on urban design companies, events, news, and careers.
Store room version on invite by richvdh · Pull Request #6983 · matrix-org/synapse · GitHubStore room version on invite by richvdh · Pull Request #6983 · matrix-org/synapse · GitHub
When we get an invite over federation, store the room version in the rooms table. The general idea here is that, when we pull the invite out again, well want to know what room_version it belongs to (so that we can later redact it if need be). So we need to store it somewhere...
Publications | Center For Global DevelopmentPublications | Center For Global Development
The Center for Global Development works to reduce global poverty and inequality through rigorous research and active engagement with the policy community to make the world a more prosperous, just, and safe place for us all.
Publications | Center For Global DevelopmentPublications | Center For Global Development
The Center for Global Development works to reduce global poverty and inequality through rigorous research and active engagement with the policy community to make the world a more prosperous, just, and safe place for us all.
CiteSeerX - A synergistic approach: conducting mixed methods research with typological and systemic design considerationsCiteSeerX - A synergistic approach: conducting mixed methods research with typological and systemic design considerations
CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): No mixed methods research design blends typological and systemic approaches into a cohe-sive, multifaceted whole. A synergistic approach to mixed methods research uses the inher-ent strengths of both types of approaches, providing researchers with a comprehensive framework for making pivotal research design decisions. Grounded in both philosophy and practice, this approach enables researchers to identify what will be researched, how it will be researched, and why the research will be undertaken in their chosen way. Presented as a set of core principles and a conceptual framework, its practical application is illustrated through the authors experience of mixing methods in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The synergistic approach discussed in this article offers researchers an alternative mixed methods research approach.
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PPT - Design Issues in ABS Trials: Surrogates Endpoints & Non-Inferiority Trials October 29, 2003 PowerPoint Presentation -...PPT - Design Issues in ABS Trials: Surrogates Endpoints & Non-Inferiority Trials October 29, 2003 PowerPoint Presentation -...
FDA Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee. Design Issues in ABS Trials: Surrogates Endpoints & Non-Inferiority Trials October 29, 2003 Thomas R. Fleming, Ph.D. Professor and Chair of Biostatistics University of Washington. Design Issues in ABS Trials. Criteria for Study Endpoints Slideshow 6407475 by kamal-huff
BMC Medical Research Methodology | Research articleBMC Medical Research Methodology | Research article
|p||i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in methodological approaches to healthcare research. Articles on the methodology of epidemiological research, clinical trials and meta-analysis/systematic review are particularly encouraged, as are empirical studies of the associations between choice of methodology and study outcomes. |i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| does not aim to publish articles describing scientific methods or techniques: these should be directed to the BMC journal covering the relevant biomedical subject area.|/p||p||i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| is part of the |i|BMC|/i| series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We do not make editorial decisions on the basis of the interest of a study or its likely impact. Studies must be scientifically valid; for research articles this includes a
What are the sample size requirements for standard tests? - Vivitro LabsVivitro LabsWhat are the sample size requirements for standard tests? - Vivitro LabsVivitro Labs
Sample size requirements are generally stated in regulatory standards. A guideline to consider is three test article and one reference (control) for hydrodynamic and durability assessment per size. Durability testing however is extended to 5 test article and one reference to fill a tester and is recommended to increase confidence. Other considerations and recommended for percutaneous valves are geometry, compliance, and deployment. We work closely with regulatory bodies to stay abreast of the latest concern so we can recommend the best matrix of test conditions.. ...
Nonconventional Clinical Trial Designs | StrokeNonconventional Clinical Trial Designs | Stroke
Selection of target sample size is a critical factor in the design of any randomized trial. Although calculations are straightforward, the underlying assumptions are frequently based on incomplete data. Relatively small errors in the assumptions can design a trial that is either substantially under- or overpowered.. One of the more rapidly evolving clinical trial methodological areas is that of adaptive clinical trials, where the study design is adjusted based on data collected as part of the initial conduct of the trial. Methods for adaptive trials are sometimes confused with the much more mature methodological area of group sequential trials.7-9 Shih eloquently relates that group sequential trial methodology has the goal of "saving lives or saving resources" whereas the adaptive clinical trial approach has the goal of "saving the study."10. There are 2 approaches of adaptive trial methodology. The first examines estimates of parameters that were assumed during the design phase of the project ...
Discrepancies in sample size calculations and data analyses reported in randomised trials: comparison of publications with...Discrepancies in sample size calculations and data analyses reported in randomised trials: comparison of publications with...
We identified a high frequency of unacknowledged discrepancies and poor reporting of sample size calculations and data analysis methods in an unselected cohort of randomised trials. To our knowledge, this is the largest review of sample size calculations and statistical methods described in trial publications compared with protocols. We reviewed key methodological information that can introduce bias if misrepresented or altered retrospectively. Our broad sample of protocols is a key strength, as unrestricted access to such documents is often very difficult to obtain.11 Previous comparisons have been limited to case reports,6 small samples,12 13 specific specialty fields,14 and specific journals.15 Other reviews of reports submitted to drug licensing agencies did not have access to protocols.4 16 17. One limitation is that our cohort may not reflect recent protocols and publications, as this type of review can be done only several years after protocol submission to allow time for publication. ...
New guidance to improve sample size calculations for trials: eliciting the target difference | Trials | Full TextNew guidance to improve sample size calculations for trials: eliciting the target difference | Trials | Full Text
Sample size calculations are central to the design of health research trials. To ensure that the trial provides good evidence to answer the trials research question, the target effect size (difference in means or proportions, odds ratio, relative risk or hazard ratio between trial arms) must be specified under the conventional approach to determining the sample size. However, until now, there has not been comprehensive guidance on how to specify this effect. This is a commentary on a collection of papers from two important projects, DELTA (Difference ELicitation in TriAls) and DELTA2 that aim to provide evidence-based guidance on systematically determining the target effect size, or difference and the resultant sample sizes for trials. In addition to surveying methods that researchers are using in practice, the research team met with various experts (statisticians, methodologists, clinicians and funders); reviewed guidelines from funding agencies; and reviewed recent methodological literature. The
Androgen binding proteins in human prostatic hyperplasis. Methodological aspects]. - Semantic ScholarAndrogen binding proteins in human prostatic hyperplasis. Methodological aspects]. - Semantic Scholar
Semantic Scholar extracted view of [Androgen binding proteins in human prostatic hyperplasis. Methodological aspects]. by J Y Dubé et al.
Methodologic issues in injury case-control studies. | Injury PreventionMethodologic issues in injury case-control studies. | Injury Prevention
In this paper some methodological problems particularly relevant to case-control studies of injury are illustrated by reference to previous childhood injury case-control studies. In contrast to studies of disease, where person time constitutes the observational experience of interest, in injury studies person time engaged in a particular activity to often more appropriate. The implications for the definition of the study base are discussed. The potential for hospital admission bias in injury case-control studies is considered along with potential strategies for avoiding it. The importance of errors in exposure measurement, including those arising from inappropriate induction time assumptions, are illustrated. Finally, the potential for bias resulting from the combination of etiologically unrelated injury outcomes into a single outcome measure is illustrated and discussed. ...
talks.cam : Optimal Design for Item Response Theory Modelstalks.cam : Optimal Design for Item Response Theory Models
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Professor John Rust.. Optimal design allows for estimating parameters of statistical models according to important optimality criteria, e. g., minimizing standard errors of estimators. Thus, optimal designs may considerably reduce the number of experimental units, such as respondents or items in empirical studies. For a long time, optimal design has not received much attention within psychology, but meanwhile interest for this subject is rapidly increasing as such designs are needed, e. g., in large scale assessment, adaptive testing or automatic item generation. In this presentation, first, fundamental principles of optimal design are introduced using well-known linear models, e. g. analysis of variance or simple regression. The rationale of adaptive, Bayesian, and minimax designs needed for nonlinear models will then be outlined. Such designs are presented for Item Response Theory (IRT) models, e.g., 1Pl and 2PL model or linear logistic ...
Peter Foster Cronholm | Faculty | About Us | Perelman School of Medicine | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of...Peter Foster Cronholm | Faculty | About Us | Perelman School of Medicine | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of...
Peter Cronholm, MD, MSCE, FAAFP, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health. His research interests have focused on health services regarding: 1) integration of trauma-informed care and primary prevention strategies into systems of primary care; and 2) developing novel mixed methodologies and patient-centered outcomes into research paradigms. Dr. Cronholm serves as the Co-Director of the Mixed Methods Research Lab (MMRL: http://www.med.upenn.edu/mmrl/). The goal of the MMRL is to foster the use of qualitative and mixed methods research methodologies with a focus on integrating key stakeholder perspectives and goals into research designs. The MMRL is a University of Pennsylvania Service Center that supports investigators in the development of conceptual and methodological approaches for community-based and clinical research questions. Qualitative, mixed methods and action research are uniquely suited to capture the contextual, socio-cultural, and ...
Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences | SAGE Publications IncDoing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences | SAGE Publications Inc
At lastùa lucid, comprehensive, and integrated approach to using quantitative methods in the social sciences. Author Thomas R. Blacks method focuses on designing and executing research so that issues such as planning, sampling, designing measurement instruments, choosing statistical tests, and interpreting results are integrated into the research process. Blacks how-to approach guides the student and researcher through the minefield of issues they are confronted with when doing research, as well as setting it apart from other books that focus on either research design and measurement issues or statistical methods. Written in a lively, accessible style, the student is introduced to research design issues along with statistical procedures necessary for data analysis that develops the students analytical skills and decision-making powers. An ideal textbook for students across the social sciences, Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences includes a wide range of examples and activities ...
Design Considerations for a Nitrification-Denitrification Process Using Two Fixed-Bed Reactors in Series | Water Science and...Design Considerations for a Nitrification-Denitrification Process Using Two Fixed-Bed Reactors in Series | Water Science and...
This paper concerns design considerations (kinetics and hydraulic criteria) for a biological nitrification-denitrification attached culture process for sewage treatment.. The treatment system is composed of two submerged filters. The first one, an anoxic reactor, denitrifies and retains wastewater suspended solids. The second one oxidizes organic carbon and ammonia nitrogen.. It was found that the main parameter for the system is the recycle ratio since it sets the real hydraulic detention time in reactors and determines the quantity of nitrogen available to the denitrification process. ...
New Research Paradigms in Tourism Geography - 1st Edition - Alan A. LNew Research Paradigms in Tourism Geography - 1st Edition - Alan A. L
This collection of papers from Tourism Geographies emphasizes new and emerging research paradigms in the geographic study of tourism. The papers included in thi
The Data Blog: Innovative approaches to methodological challenges facing ageing cohort studiesThe Data Blog: Innovative approaches to methodological challenges facing ageing cohort studies
This conference brings together key themes explored in the previous NCRM workshops on the methodological challenges to ageing cohort studies (http://www.methods.manchester.ac.uk/ageingcohort/). The focus of this conference will be innovative solutions that have been developed by researchers to deal with problems associated with ageing cohort studies. In particular, some solutions to challenges related to attrition, missingness, comparability across cohorts and over time, and data collection will be highlighted over two days. The first day will feature presentations and where appropriate, a demonstration of syntax programming for statistical packages. The second day will feature practical sessions in a computer lab using statistical software packages ...
power5Cats: Power-Based Approach for the Number of Subjects Required for... in kappaSize: Sample Size Estimation Functions for...power5Cats: Power-Based Approach for the Number of Subjects Required for... in kappaSize: Sample Size Estimation Functions for...
This function provides detailed sample size estimation information to determine the number of subjects that are required to test the hypothesis H_0: κ = κ_0 vs. H_1: κ = κ_1, at two-sided significance level α, with power, 1 - β. This version assumes that the outcome is multinomial with five levels.
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Optimal design for linear models with correlated observations -ORCAOptimal design for linear models with correlated observations -ORCA
In the common linear regression model the problem of determining optimal designs for least squares estimation is considered in the case where the observations are correlated. A necessary condition for the optimality of a given design is provided, which extends the classical equivalence theory for optimal designs in models with uncorrelated errors to the case of dependent data. If the regression functions are eigenfunctions of an integral operator defined by the covariance kernel, it is shown that the corresponding measure defines a universally optimal design. For several models universally optimal designs can be identified explicitly. In particular, it is proved that the uniform distribution is universally optimal for a class of trigonometric regression models with a broad class of covariance kernels and that the arcsine distribution is universally optimal for the polynomial regression model with correlation structure defined by the logarithmic potential. To the best knowledge of the authors ...
Optimal design for linear models with correlated observations -ORCAOptimal design for linear models with correlated observations -ORCA
In the common linear regression model the problem of determining optimal designs for least squares estimation is considered in the case where the observations are correlated. A necessary condition for the optimality of a given design is provided, which extends the classical equivalence theory for optimal designs in models with uncorrelated errors to the case of dependent data. If the regression functions are eigenfunctions of an integral operator defined by the covariance kernel, it is shown that the corresponding measure defines a universally optimal design. For several models universally optimal designs can be identified explicitly. In particular, it is proved that the uniform distribution is universally optimal for a class of trigonometric regression models with a broad class of covariance kernels and that the arcsine distribution is universally optimal for the polynomial regression model with correlation structure defined by the logarithmic potential. To the best knowledge of the authors ...
British Library EThOS: Optimal design of non-linear multi-factor experimentsBritish Library EThOS: Optimal design of non-linear multi-factor experiments
Optimal design is useful in improving the efficiencies of experiments with respect to a specified optimality criterion, which is often related to one or more statistical models assumed. In particular, sometimes chemical and biological studies could involve multiple experimental factors. Often, it is convenient to fit a nonlinear model in these factors. This nonlinear model can be either mechanistic or empirical, as long as it describes the unknown mechanism behind the response surface. In this thesis, our main interest is in exact optimal design of experiments for nonlinear multifactor models. In order to search for optimal designs, we can use the conventional point or coordinate exchange approach, which however can incorporate a new continuous optimisation method. On the basis of this idea, we further develop and implement a multistage hybrid method to construct local and (pseudo-)Bayesian optimal designs. The recommended hybrid exchange algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of the modified ...
Mass production of human papillomavirus could lead to gains against cervical cancer ( Researchers may be on the verge of expl.....Mass production of human papillomavirus could lead to gains against cervical cancer ( Researchers may be on the verge of expl.....
Researchers may be on the verge of exploiting the vulnerabilities of a...HPV which exists in more than 100 forms is the most prevalent sexual...Although the infection is usually harmless certain types of HPV are r...Using the new technique scientists can quickly produce a thousand time...The researchers led by Paul Ahlquist a Howard Hughes Medical Institu...,Mass,production,of,human,papillomavirus,could,lead,to,gains,against,cervical,cancer,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters
Optimal designs for asymmetric sigmoidal response curves in bioassays and immunoassays<...Optimal designs for asymmetric sigmoidal response curves in bioassays and immunoassays<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Optimal designs for asymmetric sigmoidal response curves in bioassays and immunoassays. AU - Hyun, Seung Won. AU - Wong, Weng Kee. AU - Yang, Yarong. PY - 2020/2/1. Y1 - 2020/2/1. N2 - The 5-parameter logistic (5PL) model is frequently used to model and analyze responses from bioassays and immunoassays which can be skewed. Various types of optimal experimental designs for 2, 3 and 4-parameter logistic models have been reported but not for the more complicated 5PL model. We construct different types of optimal designs for studying various features of the 5PL model and show that commonly used designs in bioassays and immunoassays are generally inefficient for statistical inference. To facilitate use of such designs in practice, we create a user-friendly software package to generate various tailor-made optimal designs for the 5PL model and evaluate robustness properties of a design under a variation of criteria, model forms and misspecification in the nominal values of the model ...
Design issues in case-control studies. - Semantic ScholarDesign issues in case-control studies. - Semantic Scholar
The most difficult and most important considerations in planning the protocol of a case-control study are ascertainment of cases, selection of controls and the quality of the exposure measurement. Plans to ensure careful field work are equally important; without attention to data collection, the protocol will be meaningless. In most case-control studies, the measurement problem is magnified because one cannot implement the collection of exposure information at the beginning of follow-up, and instead must rely on interviews, existing records or extrapolation into the past. Consideration of a case-control study as an efficient way to study a cohort helps to resolve some design issues.
Adaptive design methods in clinical trials - a reviewAdaptive design methods in clinical trials - a review
In recent years, the use of adaptive design methods in clinical research and development based on accrued data has become very popular due to its flexibility and efficiency. Based on adaptations applied, adaptive designs can be classified into three categories: prospective, concurrent (ad hoc), and …
Method and system for measuring the concentrations of fluorescent dyes - Patent # 7426026 - PatentGeniusMethod and system for measuring the concentrations of fluorescent dyes - Patent # 7426026 - PatentGenius
By using an imaging device (30), it is possible to determine the concentration of flourescent pigments contained in a target sample (1). The imaging device has a plurality of detection wavelength bands. There are prepared a plurality of reference samples, each containing each of the flourescent pigments in a predetermined unit concentration, so as to obtain measurement intensity of flourescent light emitted from each reference sample at each detection wavelength band. The flourescent image of the target sample is imaged at each detection wavelength band by using the imaging device. By using the flourescent intensities obtained from the reference sample and the target sample, calculation is executed so as to obtain the concentration of each of the flourescent pigments in the target sample.
Adapalene and benzoyl peroxide (Topical application route)Adapalene and benzoyl peroxide (Topical application route)
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered: Allergies Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. Children Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of Epiduo® in children younger than 9 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of Epiduo® Forte in children younger than 12 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established. Older adults Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated ...
Teaching complex theoretical multi-step problems in ICT networking thr by Michael Cowling and James Birt"Teaching complex theoretical multi-step problems in ICT networking thr" by Michael Cowling and James Birt
This paper presents a pilot study rationale and research methodology using a mixed media visualisation (3D printing and Augmented Reality simulation) learning intervention to help students in an ICT degree represent theoretical complex multi-step problems without a corresponding real world physical analog model. This is important because these concepts are difficult to visualise without a corresponding mental model. The proposed intervention uses an augmented reality application programmed with free commercially available tools, tested through an action research methodology, to evaluate the effectiveness of the mixed media visualisation techniques to teach ICT students networking. Specifically, 3D models of network equipment will be placed in a field and then the augmented reality app can be used to observe packet traversal and routing between the different devices as data travels from the source to the destination. Outcomes are expected to be an overall improvement in final skill level for all students
ESMO Press Release: Clinical Trial Design in the Era of Targeted Therapies | ESMOESMO Press Release: Clinical Trial Design in the Era of Targeted Therapies | ESMO
A course dedicated to educating the next generation of oncologists about the essentials of clinical trial design, implementation, and analysis, will b
ERIC - EJ1206757 - Design Considerations for Conducting Large-Scale Learning Research Using Innovative Technologies in Schools,...ERIC - EJ1206757 - Design Considerations for Conducting Large-Scale Learning Research Using Innovative Technologies in Schools,...
Since the advent of computers, scientists who study how people learn have been utilizing technology to uncover the cognitive and neural mechanisms of learning. Recent technological advances have allowed learning scientists to move their research out of the lab and into the wild, to investigate how students learn in real-world environments. However, the move from the lab to the classroom involves a significant shift in strategy, requiring consideration of factors varying from the design of mobile (vs. lab-based) technology to the recruitment of participants, as well as the contextual variables to account for in the less-controlled environment of schools. Here I discuss the learnings our group has gleaned from a research program involving over a thousand elementary and middle school students in a longitudinal, multi-year design that involves technologies for assessment and improving learning in schools.
Clinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures - Home, Science, Medicine ebookClinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures - Home, Science, Medicine ebook
Download free ebook: Clinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures. 2017 ; ISBN-10: 3319538764 ; 520 Pages ; EPUB . download ebook - Home,Science,Medicine, pdf
Optimizing clinical trial design with extracted efficacy dataOptimizing clinical trial design with extracted efficacy data
Around 90% of drugs in trials dont make it to the market. Optimizing clinical trial design and reducing late stage failures are key priority for drug developers.
Janssen Leverages Wearable Technology to Reimagine Clinical Trial DesignJanssen Leverages Wearable Technology to Reimagine Clinical Trial Design
/PRNewswire/ -- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced today the launch of the next evolution of digital clinical trial design...
Methodological aspects of scaling in biology. - PubMed - NCBIMethodological aspects of scaling in biology. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
How do you know which health care effectiveness research you can trust? A guide to study design for the perplexed • Health...How do you know which health care effectiveness research you can trust? A guide to study design for the perplexed • Health...
This article focuses on a fundamental question: which types of health care studies are most trustworthy? That is, which study designs are most immune to the many biases and alternative explanations that may produce unreliable results". The article is available to read in free full text at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150187. Soumerai SB, Starr D, Majumdar SR. (2015). How Do You Know Which Health Care Effectiveness Research You Can Trust? A Guide to Study Design for the Perplexed. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12:150187.. ...
How do you know which health care effectiveness research you can trust? A guide to study design for the perplexed • Health...How do you know which health care effectiveness research you can trust? A guide to study design for the perplexed • Health...
This article focuses on a fundamental question: which types of health care studies are most trustworthy? That is, which study designs are most immune to the many biases and alternative explanations that may produce unreliable results". The article is available to read in free full text at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150187. Soumerai SB, Starr D, Majumdar SR. (2015). How Do You Know Which Health Care Effectiveness Research You Can Trust? A Guide to Study Design for the Perplexed. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12:150187.. ...
Advances on Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Probability and Statistics | Taylor & Francis GroupAdvances on Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Probability and Statistics | Taylor & Francis Group
At the International Indian Statistical Association Conference, held at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, participants focused on advancements in theory
Wiley: Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods: From Hypothesis to Results - William E. Martin, Krista D. BridgmonWiley: Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods: From Hypothesis to Results - William E. Martin, Krista D. Bridgmon
Tables and Figures ix. Preface xvii. The Authors xix. Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 1. Review of Foundational Research Concepts 3. Review of Foundational Statistical Information 6. The Normal Distribution 14. Chapter 2 Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing Process 29. Hypothesis-Testing Process 30. Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis Decisions Using Power Analysis 39. Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type II Errors 41. Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs 53. Formulating Experimental Conditions 54. Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement 55. Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences 57. Internal Validity and Experimental Designs 59. Choosing a Statistic to Use for an Analysis 67. Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS 20 77. The IBM SPSS 20 Data View Screen 80. Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View 80. Entering Data 86. Examples of Basic Analyses 87. Examples of Modifying Data Procedures 96. Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and ...
Understand Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | SurveyMonkeyUnderstand Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | SurveyMonkey
Learn the difference between these two forms of data and when you should use them. Quantitative research is designed to collect cold, hard facts. Qualitative research collects information that seeks to describe a topic more than measure it.
Understand Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | SurveyMonkeyUnderstand Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | SurveyMonkey
Learn the difference between these two forms of data and when you should use them. Quantitative research is designed to collect cold, hard facts. Qualitative research collects information that seeks to describe a topic more than measure it.
PPT - In search of research methodology: a doctoral research design journey PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id:...PPT - In search of research methodology: a doctoral research design journey PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id:...
Title: In search of research methodology: a doctoral research design journey Author: edrhal Last modified by: edrhal Created Date: 11/19/2009 10:47:32 AM – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 550da1-MDE3M
Quantitative Research in Human Biology and Medicine - 1st EditionQuantitative Research in Human Biology and Medicine - 1st Edition
Purchase Quantitative Research in Human Biology and Medicine - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9781483232560, 9781483281087
Quantitative Research Flashcards & Quizzes | BrainscapeQuantitative Research Flashcards & Quizzes | Brainscape
Study Quantitative Research using smart web & mobile flashcards created by top students, teachers, and professors. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!
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AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
ResearchResearch DesignDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Blood GlucoseResearch Support as TopicHemoglobin A, GlycosylatedNursing ResearchHypoglycemic AgentsEthics, ResearchInsulinResearch PersonnelDiabetes MellitusDrug DesignHealth Services ResearchUnited StatesGlucose Tolerance TestGlucose IntoleranceTranslational Medical ResearchInsulin-Secreting CellsRisk FactorsInsulin ResistanceHypoglycemiaGenetic ResearchDental ResearchGlucose Clamp TechniqueDiabetic NeuropathiesHyperglycemiaPrediabetic StateObesityFastingReference ValuesDiabetic AngiopathiesMetforminCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchC-PeptideEquipment DesignInsulin, Long-ActingCross-Sectional StudiesQualitative ResearchQuestionnairesCohort StudiesProspective StudiesClinical Nursing ResearchDiabetic FootDiabetes, GestationalEpidemiologic Research DesignBody Mass IndexReproducibility of ResultsDiabetic RetinopathyFoot UlcerTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringBehavioral ResearchRegression AnalysisHyperinsulinismDiabetic NephropathiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupFollow-Up StudiesDiabetic DietPlacebosComputer-Aided DesignAlbuminuriaPatient SelectionLongitudinal StudiesAge of OnsetPregnancyClinical Trials as TopicAdipose TissueData CollectionHuman ExperimentationCardiovascular DiseasesVenomsCooperative BehaviorInsulin LisproCross-Over StudiesPostprandial PeriodEthnic GroupsGlucoseDiabetes ComplicationsVoluntary Health AgenciesFoundationsNeoplasmsGreat BritainContinental Population GroupsDiabetic KetoacidosisAnalysis of VarianceOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Interviews as TopicInsulin, IsophaneDouble-Blind MethodProgram EvaluationCase-Control StudiesGenotypeInformed ConsentMetabolic Syndrome XIslets of LangerhansInsulin Infusion SystemsBlood PressureRetrospective StudiesAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupInfant, NewbornIncidenceInternetTriglyceridesBody WeightAge FactorsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalAcademies and InstitutesPregnancy in DiabeticsLife StyleSocioeconomic FactorsHispanic AmericansExerciseAlgorithmsPrevalencePeriodicals as TopicSex FactorsBiological MarkersProgram DevelopmentAfrican AmericansInsulin AntibodiesNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Risk AssessmentEmpirical ResearchPolymorphism, Single NucleotideReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionLipidsMultivariate AnalysisDietary FatsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeQuality of LifeEmbryo ResearchSample SizeIndians, North AmericanWeight LossDatabases, FactualSulfonylurea CompoundsHistory, 20th CenturyResearch ReportLogistic ModelsPredictive Value of TestsModels, TheoreticalAsian Continental Ancestry GroupFructosamineArizonaPatient Education as TopicInfusions, SubcutaneousMuscle, SkeletalGlucagonAdiponectinPerceptionDiagnostic Techniques, EndocrinePublishingInsulin AspartPatient SatisfactionPublic HealthDepressionInformation DisseminationOverweightStem Cell ResearchCost-Benefit AnalysisGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseSensitivity and SpecificityData Interpretation, StatisticalCanadaGenetic VariationFatty Acids, NonesterifiedWaist CircumferenceClinical ProtocolsQuality Assurance, Health CareSex CharacteristicsHealth PromotionBody CompositionSoftware DesignGlutamate DecarboxylaseFamilyPatient ComplianceOdds RatioCommunicationEnergy IntakeDietOperations ResearchLinear ModelsAttitude to HealthAustraliaDelivery of Health CareSelf CareDecision MakingEuropeAttitude of Health PersonnelSmokingMice, Inbred C57BLGuidelines as TopicMulticenter Studies as TopicUnited States Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityIslets of Langerhans TransplantationCognition
MethodsMethodologyConductRigorousEvaluationStudy designAssessmentStudiesCharacteristicsDataBiasesPopulationQuestionnaireDisciplinesBias20192020InnovationPrinciplesOutcomesEmpiricalInteraction designComputer-aided drug designContentProcessQualitative and quantitativeTheoreticalFundamentalReproducibility of researchHypothesisWorkTheoriesContextInsightsInformQuestionnairesNottingham Trent UnivProcessesPrototypes2016PracticesApproachLaboratoryQuestionApproachesGraduatesProposalFindingsPeopleExperimental designsStudyDevelopmentsAcademicsNewsWorld'sEfficiencyProductsInsightSustainabilityFrameworkClinicalCreateIssuesDescriptive
Methods4
Methodology1
Conduct2
Rigorous2
Evaluation1
  • The principles of a prospective-specimen collection and retrospective-blinded-evaluation (PRoBE) design can be adapted to mitigate various sources of biases in discovery. (nih.gov)
Study design1
Assessment1
Studies1
Characteristics3
Data1
  • An impactful research design makes sure the least bias in the data collected and increases trust in analyzed research information. (marketing91.com)
Biases1
  • We recommend establishing quality biospecimen repositories using matched two-phase designs to minimize biases and maximize efficiency. (nih.gov)
Population2
Questionnaire1
Disciplines1
Bias1
20193
20201
  • And by the time the project ends, in April 2020, the partners are hoping to complete the full structural and aerodynamic design of the PrandtlPlane. (europa.eu)
Innovation7
Principles9
Outcomes4
  • The design allows for unexpected outcomes or events to occur. (lww.com)
  • The key features for such studies are stated below as a series of five general questions addressing the following topics: appropriateness of the design, internal validity, external validity, unexpected outcomes, and plausibility. (lww.com)
  • The goals are the drivers behind OXO's particular design approach and desired outcomes. (peachpit.com)
  • Conflict of interest statement: K.D. and E.M.-W. were investigators on a contract (ME 1303 5785) from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) entitled "Integrating multiple data sources for meta-analysis to improve patient-centered outcomes research. (pnas.org)
Empirical1
Interaction design10
Computer-aided drug design5
Content4
  • The Design Council is not responsible for the content of external sites. (designcouncil.org.uk)
  • One could use an experimental design and then collect data using an openended survey and analyze the written answers using a content analysis. (lww.com)
  • In summary, the design of the milk is perfect in caloric content, amino acid concentrations, and in the enzyme concentrations of both lipase and lactase, ideally meeting the infant's needs. (icr.org)
  • As a Research Session Chair and senior member of the technical community, we are relying on you to review and provide constructive feedback on the technical content of the presentation slides for each speaker in your session. (dac.com)
Process20
Qualitative and quantitative1
Theoretical4
  • Focused on the role of the researcher within research design, it stresses the need to consider the theoretical underpinnings of research and not just practical issues when designing a project. (sagepub.com)
  • It also discusses the theoretical background of constructive design research, along with modeling and prototyping of design items. (platekompaniet.no)
  • Papers showing how research results can be used in chemical engineering design , and accounts of experimental or theoretical research work bringing new perspectives to established. (elsevier.com)
  • This implies an exploration of applied aesthetics that requires quite different approaches from those common in traditional (engineering) research - because the discipline is based on the balanced combination of theoretical, logical knowledge with a practical and intuitive exploration of aesthetic expression - which we also find in the fields of music and art. (ntnu.edu)
Fundamental3
Reproducibility of research1
  • Good research design is key to ensuring the quality and reproducibility of research. (dur.ac.uk)
Hypothesis3
Work13
  • In terms of design work, it ranges from conceptual issues in design through design experiments and prototypes to evaluative studies of design and its foundations. (springer.com)
  • Ann Paradiso: I would describe the work that we're tackling as extreme constraint design. (microsoft.com)
  • We'd like to hear from potential research partners on existing work and new opportunities to extend the evidence base on design. (designcouncil.org.uk)
  • A simplistic distinction between quantitative and qualitative inquiry does not work because research excellence in many areas of inquiry often involves the best of both. (lww.com)
  • Drawing on my six nation comparative research project, Women of Colour Resist, my talk will propose a tentative politics of exhaustion as a way to understand the promise and perils of women of colour activists' solidarity work in Europe. (eventbrite.com)
  • Heavily grounded in helping students make the best choices for their projects, this book explores how to develop and work with theory, research questions, and method selection to build solid, logical proposals and move from research concepts to fully realized designs. (sagepub.com)
  • Learners will also learn about the work involved in UX Design, including the generation of promising design solutions and the creation of prototypes at multiple levels of fidelity. (coursera.org)
  • Gensler's first Research Catalogue, published in 2014, highlights the work of 42 research teams on topics ranging from workplace performance to the student experience. (gensler.com)
  • It then describes the logic of studying design in the laboratory, design ethnography and field work, and the origins of the Showroom and its foundation on art and design rather than on science or the social sciences. (platekompaniet.no)
  • Manuel's design work can already been seen in Expression Blend , Windows Vista Upgrade Adviser , Microsoft Nice and even vector glass in Longhorn . (istartedsomething.com)
  • David McMillen and his team are hard at work designing a new custom-designed probiotic to help the 233,000 Canadians living with Crohn's and colitis. (utoronto.ca)
  • This was one of the sources of my research as many organisations that work with older people had put forward ideas on what they would like to see happen in a future Ireland. (medium.com)
  • Work by five young Furniture Design graduates is featured in a DesignTO exhibition in Toronto called Themselves . (risd.edu)
Theories2
  • He should also make an attempt to apply concepts and theories developed in different research contexts to the area in which he is himself working. (bartleby.com)
  • It contains a collection of the most widely used theories and paradigms designed for exploring, explaining, and advancing Africana communities through science. (peterlang.com)
Context2
  • 2) Once a design is selected and implemented, how is its use justified in terms of its strengths and limits in a specific research context? (lww.com)
  • Our task is to design in context , with a clear understanding of the ongoing commitment that the client's resources can bear. (peachpit.com)
Insights6
Inform1
  • The corporate accommodation options on the business trip are pre-selected to allow team members to cope with travel but are rarely designed to inform and inspire. (fastcompany.com)
Questionnaires2
Nottingham Trent Univ1
  • The Medical Engineering Design Research Group (MEDRG) at Nottingham Trent University is an interdisciplinary group, which brings together a wide range of academics, clinicians, surgeons, healthcare companies and other medical professionals whose interests focus on medical engineering design across a wide range of research specialisms. (ntu.ac.uk)
Processes2
  • The concept retains a sense of generality, aimed at understanding and improving design processes and practices quite broadly, rather than developing domain-specific knowledge within any professional field of design. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peer review processes should be used to verify and refine the appropriate design of the project. (dur.ac.uk)
Prototypes3
20161
  • And in 2016 John Maeda, then the design partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, pointed out in his annual report on design in technology that Google had been perceived as improving the most in design. (cnbc.com)
Practices2
  • A rich resource on innovative design and best practices for buildings that boost performance for public agencies. (gensler.com)
  • The department has built up considerable research activity in this area, with a focus on design for sustainable behaviour and practices, which has resulted in several successfully finished PhD projects. (ntnu.edu)
Approach8
Laboratory5
  • John Christopher Jones (one of the initiators of the 1962 conference) founded a postgraduate Design Research Laboratory at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, and L. Bruce Archer supported by Misha Black founded the postgraduate Department of Design Research at the Royal College of Art, London, becoming the first Professor of Design Research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The North Face® Research, Design and Development team accepts their challenges and turns to the laboratory for new fabrics and components. (thenorthface.com)
  • Research designs have features that range on a continuum from controlled laboratory investigations to observational studies. (lww.com)
  • As such, a separate WBDG Resource Page on Trends in Lab Design has been developed to elaborate on this emerging model of laboratory design. (wbdg.org)
  • This experimental design provides a window into trustworthiness attribution that can generate a rigorous and relevant behavioral dataset, and contributes to building a cyber laboratory that advances future insider threat study. (springer.com)
Question11
Approaches3
  • Turning these materials into innovative new products will require knowledge of their potential applications based on a deep understanding of their physical and chemical properties, combined with new approaches to product design. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The approaches used include design knowledge repositories to routinely capture design information, design led demand for new manufacturing technologies, knowledge elicitation and requirements engineering. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • It looks at three approaches to constructive design research: Lab, Field, and Showroom. (platekompaniet.no)
Graduates3
Proposal2
  • a. successfully conceive, plan and design a research project b. select and apply relevant (scientific) methodologies c. demonstrate a capability for analysis and criticism, including the ability to both accept and provide critical constructive feedback d. find and identify a suitable project call, devise a project within this call, and formulate a competitive proposal to apply for project funding. (rug.nl)
  • The purpose of this course is to facilitate the independent writing of a research proposal suitable for an MA research or a PhD program. (rug.nl)
Findings1
  • The second installment in Gensler's Research Catalogue series features findings from 41 research teams across the globe, with implications for everything from the future of museums to how we build the cities of tomorrow. (gensler.com)
People18
  • Thompson's goal was to provide "a place where people could buy everything they needed for contemporary living", notably modern European furnishings and in particular Scandinavian design . (wikipedia.org)
  • The rule of thumb is to find accommodation that matches the demographic of the people being researched. (fastcompany.com)
  • Designing of a medical facility, is mostly dominated by its complex functions, thus is easy to neglect the "in-between" relationship of people & building, environment & building. (archdaily.com)
  • He also noted that you have made some over-simplifications for pedagogical purposes, and people should [be advised to] seek help if they are not familiar with the nuances of any particular design. (sportsci.org)
  • Many kinds of designers and people interested in design will find this book extremely helpful. (platekompaniet.no)
  • A cross-sectional design, the most common one used in public opinion research, surveys different people in the same population at multiple points in time. (pewresearch.org)
  • A panel or longitudinal design, frequently used in other types of social research, surveys the same people over time. (pewresearch.org)
  • But before you sit down at the table with people who may have a narrow[md]and sometimes vehement[md]stake in the project, arm yourself with the language of strategic design. (peachpit.com)
  • With a tagline like "Tools you hold on to," OXO clearly employs design research to ensure that all its products are easy to use, for all people. (peachpit.com)
  • The research initiative will involve collaborations with people in multiple Google product groups, as well as professors from Harvard and MIT. (cnbc.com)
  • The People + AI Research (PAIR) program currently encompasses a dozen people who will collaborate with Googlers in various product groups - as well as outsiders like Harvard University professor Brendan Meade and Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Hal Abelson. (cnbc.com)
  • The PAIR program takes inspiration from the concept of design thinking , which highly prioritizes the needs of people who will use the products being developed. (cnbc.com)
  • Essentially I manage a team of people and I also contribute to the design of various products as a Designer. (istartedsomething.com)
  • The goal of the project, which is among 20 sharing $27 million in funding from university's newly created Medicine by Design initiative, is to create a bacterium that can help trigger the renewal of the gut lining in people with these chronic bowel diseases. (utoronto.ca)
  • I anticipated that participants for this research would be harder to find but I had not planned for the time it would take to recruit people. (medium.com)
  • In a separate project that looked into the issues of rural areas, isolation of older people was a big challenge and this was already in my mind coming into my current research. (medium.com)
  • Most people have little difficulty differentiating things that are designed from those that are products of chance and natural laws. (grisda.org)
  • Students and faculty in Industrial Design have contributed to a project that's helping people cope with the public health crisis of opioid overdose. (risd.edu)
Experimental designs2
Study14
  • The development of design research has led to the establishment of design as a coherent discipline of study in its own right, based on the view that design has its own things to know and its own ways of knowing them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Descriptive (e.g., case-study, naturalistic observation, survey) Correlational (e.g., case-control study, observational study) Semi-experimental (e.g., field experiment, quasi-experiment) Experimental (experiment with random assignment) Review (literature review, systematic review) Meta-analytic (meta-analysis) Sometimes a distinction is made between "fixed" and "flexible" designs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one "experimental" condition (e.g., "treatment") and one "control" condition ("no treatment"), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant characteristics: Cohort study Cross-sectional study Cross-sequential study Longitudinal study Confirmatory research tests a priori hypotheses - outcome predictions that are made before the measurement phase begins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Aga Khan Program at the Harvard Graduate School of Design is part of the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard and MIT, dedicated to the study of Islamic art and architecture, urbanism, landscape design and conservation. (washington.edu)
  • as no single method can produce a comprehensive account of the study under research (Bryman 1988). (bartleby.com)
  • This study sets a model for conducting similar studies of other special groups (e.g., law enforcement officers and emergency medical service workers) for effective equipment design. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenced by Jan Chipchase and The Field Study Handbook, the "pop-up studio" model for doing design research in challenging, less-explored environments is one trend we've seen done successfully. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • The research design is defined and clearly described, and is sufficiently detailed to permit the study to be replicated. (lww.com)
  • In this exclusive excerpt from the forthcoming book The Field Study Handbook , author Jan Chipchase details how to build a pop-up design studio, whether you're in a Brazilian rainforest or the Saudi desert. (fastcompany.com)
  • books.google.com - With over 90,000 copies sold of the previous editions the new Third Edition of the best-selling Case Study Research has been carefully revised, updated, and expanded while retaining virtually all of the features and coverage of the second edition. (google.com)
  • This edition also includes references to examples of actual case studies in the companion volume Applications of Case Study Research, Second Edition (Sage, 2003) . (google.com)
  • Statistics and ethics in medical research: study design. (bmj.com)
  • Our dedication to excellent education makes that we have experience with trying out new ways of organizing courses, such as vertical studio teaching or different ways of cooperation with industry, which also provide a welcome topic for reflection, as do our study trips and our research on charting professional perspectives for our alumni. (ntnu.edu)
  • Besides documenting the MoodBar study itself, it is also intended as a short primer about experimental design in an online setting. (wikimedia.org)
Developments2
  • This specificity means that larger, more efficient engines could be used and that the design would be able to accommodate likely future developments in propulsion technology, he notes. (europa.eu)
  • Research Facilities Design and Development brings together industry representatives in a unique way - a collaborative discussion space where the latest developments, innovative thinking and insight is shared. (iqpc.com)
Academics2
  • The world authority on research methodologies and techniques for professionals and academics. (mrs.org.uk)
  • Academics and professionals within the fields of design research, urban studies, spatial analysis, urban geography and sociology will benefit from reading this book. (routledge.com)
News2
World's1
  • The research could eventually lead to refinements in the interfaces of the smarter components of some of the world's most popular apps. (cnbc.com)
Efficiency2
  • Regarding Society 5.0 as a concept for creating a society that emphasizes enhancing human creativity rather than productivity and efficiency, Hitachi's vision design activities are involving local communities and other stakeholders in concretely and practically considering new social systems required to make this a reality. (hitachi.com)
  • Sampling, design efficiency, and statistical models are emphasized throughout. (ecampus.com)
Products4
Insight4
Sustainability2
Framework1
Clinical1
  • The scientific community has many standards encompassing both doing clinical research and reporting it, including standards for design and measurement. (pnas.org)
Create13
  • This workshop will help you create a strategic plan for your research career towards meeting tenure, promotion, and other professional goals. (google.com)
  • You will create a mental map of your research interests, as well as a chronological plan for how and when to fit a variety of research funding opportunities into the arc of your career. (google.com)
  • It is the role of design to then create new value through co-creation with customers and local communities. (hitachi.com)
  • Our mission is to use the power of design to create a wide range of user experiences from home electric appliances to societal system solutions, and raise peoples' quality of life. (hitachi.com)
  • Ruha Benjamin, an assistant professor in the Center for African American Studies at Princeton University, is bringing her scholarly focus on "discriminatory design" - the idea that we can create technological fixes for social crises - into the classroom and to a wider audience with a TEDx Baltimore talk. (princeton.edu)
  • She tells three stories that illustrate the "very subtle ways that discriminatory design - the idea that we can create technological fixes for social crises - is built into the everyday architecture of workaday medicine and science. (princeton.edu)
  • We will begin by working to create a research space by identifying the area of interest and our own means of access into that area. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • Thus, descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. (wikiversity.org)
  • Gensler's mission has long been to Create a Better World Through the Power of Design. (gensler.com)
  • The series culminates with Design Forecast LIVE, a bi-annual global summit meant to share ideas and co-create the future. (gensler.com)
  • The authors recognize that in the 21st century clients are pushing project design teams to create research laboratories that are responsive to current and future needs, that encourage interaction among scientists from various disciplines, that help recruit and retain qualified scientists, and that facilitates partnerships and development. (wbdg.org)
  • I'm not in the US, so whatever designs I create on CAD and send to the manufacturer should be fine. (physicsforums.com)
  • One of the key goals of this round of research was to create empathy with users and understand their situation better. (medium.com)
Issues5
Descriptive2
Environmental Design Research Association
Environmental Design Research Association (edra.org)
Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Molecular Immunology and Computational Antibody Design (171341) | University of Oslo
Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Molecular Immunology and Computational Antibody Design (171341) | University of Oslo (jobbnorge.no)
Design Research (store) - Wikipedia
Design Research (store) - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Empirical Performance of the Self-Controlled Case Series Design: Lessons for Developing a Risk Identification and Analysis...
Empirical Performance of the Self-Controlled Case Series Design: Lessons for Developing a Risk Identification and Analysis... (link.springer.com)
Research & Design - Dropbox
Research & Design - Dropbox (dropbox.com)
Impact of savings groups on the lives of the poor | PNAS
Impact of savings groups on the lives of the poor | PNAS (pnas.org)
Relationship Between State Policy and Anesthesia Provider Supply in Rural Communities | RAND
Relationship Between State Policy and Anesthesia Provider Supply in Rural Communities | RAND (rand.org)
Architectural Design & Research | AGENCY
Architectural Design & Research | AGENCY (agencyarchitecture.com)
Sulphur emission control areas and transport strategies -the case of Sweden and the forest industry | SpringerLink
Sulphur emission control areas and transport strategies -the case of Sweden and the forest industry | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Neuroscience | Book | English | Springer
Neuroscience | Book | English | Springer (springer.com)
Innovation, Technology Management | Book | Springer
Innovation, Technology Management | Book | Springer (springer.com)
Toyota USA | Operations | Design, Engineering & Marketing
Toyota USA | Operations | Design, Engineering & Marketing (toyota.com)
Dr Kalantar
Dr Kalantar (angelfire.com)
Quantitative biology, biostatistics and mathematical modelling | Cambridge University Press
Quantitative biology, biostatistics and mathematical modelling | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)
Pharmacology and drug discovery | Cambridge University Press
Pharmacology and drug discovery | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)
Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement (ATM) Tickets, Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM | Eventbrite
Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement (ATM) Tickets, Wed, Feb 13, 2019 at 5:00 PM | Eventbrite (eventbrite.com)
Technology Jobs in Ankeny, IA | Monster.com
Technology Jobs in Ankeny, IA | Monster.com (monster.com)
The MafA transcription factor appears to be responsible for tissue-specific expression of insulin | PNAS
The MafA transcription factor appears to be responsible for tissue-specific expression of insulin | PNAS (pnas.org)
Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications - 1st Edition
Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications - 1st Edition (elsevier.com)
11β-HSD1 is the major regulator of the tissue-specific effects of circulating glucocorticoid excess | PNAS
11β-HSD1 is the major regulator of the tissue-specific effects of circulating glucocorticoid excess | PNAS (pnas.org)
Courses - Sustainable Development - Masters - Utrecht University
Courses - Sustainable Development - Masters - Utrecht University (uu.nl)
Methodological Thinking: Basic Principles of Social Research Design - Donileen R. Loseke - Google Books
Methodological Thinking: Basic Principles of Social Research Design - Donileen R. Loseke - Google Books (books.google.com)
Educational Research & Statistics | Education | Subjects | Wiley
Educational Research & Statistics | Education | Subjects | Wiley (wiley.com)
Design Research Methods Festival 2020 Tickets, Multiple Dates | Eventbrite
Design Research Methods Festival 2020 Tickets, Multiple Dates | Eventbrite (eventbrite.com)
Madrid, Spain Events & Things To Do | Eventbrite
Madrid, Spain Events & Things To Do | Eventbrite (eventbrite.com)
Barriers for sustainable waste management practices in grocery stores. Exploration by Research-through-Design
Barriers for sustainable waste management practices in grocery stores. Exploration by Research-through-Design (easychair.org)
Teaching - Dr Mirjam Tuk
Teaching - Dr Mirjam Tuk (imperial.ac.uk)
Contemporary Canadian Wooden Architecture in Photos and Drawings | ArchDaily
Contemporary Canadian Wooden Architecture in Photos and Drawings | ArchDaily (archdaily.com)
Study: Law might lower, delay teen abortion - Houston Chronicle
Study: Law might lower, delay teen abortion - Houston Chronicle (chron.com)
RedUSe: reducing antipsychotic and benzodiazepine prescribing in residential aged care facilities | The Medical Journal of...
RedUSe: reducing antipsychotic and benzodiazepine prescribing in residential aged care facilities | The Medical Journal of... (mja.com.au)
Latitude - Platform for urban research and design
Latitude - Platform for urban research and design (latitude-platform.eu)