Reproducibility of results. Medical search

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Products resulting from the conversion of one language to another.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the breathing cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. The images are used diagnostically and also interventionally to coordinate radiation treatment beam on/off cycles to protect healthy tissues when they move into the beam field during different times in the breathing cycle.

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)

Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Records of nutrient intake over a specific period of time, usually kept by the patient.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Controlled operations of analytic or diagnostic processes, or systems by mechanical or electronic devices.

Systematic collections of factual data pertaining to the diet of a human population within a given geographic area.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A subspecialty of pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems, especially the use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

Making measurements by the use of stereoscopic photographs.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.

Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.

Measurement of the thickness of the CORNEA.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.

A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.

Assessments aimed at determining agreement in diagnostic test results among laboratories. Identical survey samples are distributed to participating laboratories, with results stratified according to testing methodologies.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

An examination of chemicals in the blood.

A specialty concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiographic images of structures that are not naturally present in living tissue, and products of chemical reactions that occur during analysis.

The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.

Radiographic techniques used in dentistry.

Measurements of joint flexibility (RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR), usually by employing an angle-measuring device (arthrometer). Arthrometry is used to measure ligamentous laxity and stability. It is often used to evaluate the outcome of ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT replacement surgery.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

Analysis based on the mathematical function first formulated by Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier in 1807. The function, known as the Fourier transform, describes the sinusoidal pattern of any fluctuating pattern in the physical world in terms of its amplitude and its phase. It has broad applications in biomedicine, e.g., analysis of the x-ray crystallography data pivotal in identifying the double helical nature of DNA and in analysis of other molecules, including viruses, and the modified back-projection algorithm universally used in computerized tomography imaging, etc. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The position or attitude of the body.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

A type of imaging technique used primarily in the field of cardiology. By coordinating the fast gradient-echo MRI sequence with retrospective ECG-gating, numerous short time frames evenly spaced in the cardiac cycle are produced. These images are laced together in a cinematic display so that wall motion of the ventricles, valve motion, and blood flow patterns in the heart and great vessels can be visualized.

Computed tomography modalities which use a cone or pyramid-shaped beam of radiation.

Use of various chemical separation and extraction methods, such as SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; and SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; to prepare samples for analytical measurement of components.

Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

1976 accidental release of DIOXINS from a manufacturing facility in Seveso, ITALY following an equipment failure.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.

Measuring and weighing systems and processes.

An involuntary or voluntary pause in breathing, sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness.

Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.

A method of three-dimensional morphometry in which contour maps are produced from the overlapping interference fringes created when an object is illuminated by beams of coherent light issuing from two different point sources.

Radionuclide ventriculography where scintigraphic data is acquired during repeated cardiac cycles at specific times in the cycle, using an electrocardiographic synchronizer or gating device. Analysis of right ventricular function is difficult with this technique; that is best evaluated by first-pass ventriculography (VENTRICULOGRAPHY, FIRST-PASS).

Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).

The creation and display of functional images showing where the blood flow reaches by following the distribution of tracers injected into the blood stream.

Persons with no known significant health problems who are recruited to participate in research to test a new drug, device, or intervention as controls for a patient group. (from http://clinicalcenter.nih.gov/recruit/volunteers.html, accessed 2/14/2013)

Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.

Determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the electrical conductivity of the mixture. (Webster, 3d ed)

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.

Small computers using LSI (large-scale integration) microprocessor chips as the CPU (central processing unit) and semiconductor memories for compact, inexpensive storage of program instructions and data. They are smaller and less expensive than minicomputers and are usually built into a dedicated system where they are optimized for a particular application. "Microprocessor" may refer to just the CPU or the entire microcomputer.

Any tests done on exhaled air.

Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.

The act of testing the software for compliance with a standard.

Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.

The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)

Data processing largely performed by automatic means.

A facial expression which may denote feelings of pleasure, affection, amusement, etc.

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one original template.

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)

Use of optic and geometric techniques to enhance radiographic image quality and interpretation. It includes use of microfocal X-ray tubes and intensifying fluoroscopic screens.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Techniques for measuring blood pressure.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques used in the diagnosis of disease.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

Screens which absorb the energy in the x-ray beam that has penetrated the patient and convert this energy into a light pattern which has as nearly as possible the same information as the original x-ray beam. The more light a screen produces for a given input of x-radiation, the less x-ray exposure and thus shorter exposure time are needed to expose the film. In most film-screen systems, the film is sandwiched between two screens in a cassette so that the emulsion on each side is exposed to the light from its contiguous screen.

Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.

Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye with a specialized optical instrument (gonioscope) or a contact prism lens.

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Measurement of the various properties of light.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. Since they can be reused continuously, immobilized enzymes have found wide application in the industrial, medical and research fields.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the cardiac cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Hand-held tools or implements especially used by dental professionals for the performance of clinical tasks.

Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.

The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

The branch of medicine dealing with the fetus and infant during the perinatal period. The perinatal period begins with the twenty-eighth week of gestation and ends twenty-eight days after birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.

Unstable isotopes of fluorine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. F atoms with atomic weights 17, 18, and 20-22 are radioactive fluorine isotopes.

Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.

Highly sensitive quantitation of methamphetamine by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay using a new europium chelate as a label. (1/49462)

A simple and highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of methamphetamine (MA) using a new fluorescent europium chelate (BHHCT-Eu3+) as a label is described. Two variations of competitive immunoassay were attempted. In the first (one-step) assay, microtiter plates coated with anti-MA were used, and the new label was bound to a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and N-(4-aminobutyl)-MA (MA-BSA). In the second (two-step) assay, instead of the labeled MA-BSA, biotinylated MA-BSA and BHHCT-Eu3+-labeled streptavidin-BSA were used. The lowest measurable concentrations of MA for the one-step and the two-step methods were 1 ng/mL (25 pg/assay) and 1 pg/mL (25 fg/assay), respectively. These were 10 to 1000 times superior to the detection limits of MA in any other immunoassay. Intra-assay coefficient of variation was approximately 2-8% at eight different concentrations (n = 4). Analysis of 34 urine samples with the new method and conventional gas chromatography showed a good correlation (r = 0.954). The high detectability of the present assay also enabled segmental hair analysis with a few centimeters of a hair. (+info)

Urinary lithium: distribution shape, reference values, and evaluation of exposure by inductively coupled plasma argon-emission spectrometry. (2/49462)

Inductively coupled plasma argon-emission spectrometry (ICPAES) was used to evaluate the lithium content of undiluted urine samples. The method can be performed with 1 mL of urine in a single tube using a routine ICPAES analysis for rapid and convenient assessment of lithium exposure in humans. Urine samples obtained from male workers (n = 86) who had not been exposed to lithium were used for the determination of this element by ICPAES. The obtained concentrations were corrected using a specific gravity of 1.024. The particular frequency distribution resulted in a log-normal distribution diagram for anatomical spread. Geometric mean value for urinary lithium in the nonexposed male workers was 23.5 microg/L, and the confidence interval from a log-normal distribution was 11.0 to 50.5 microg/L. Taking into consideration a short biological half-life and the massive urine excretion of lithium, urinary lithium was considered to be a useful index for monitoring of exposure. Calibration curves obtained for lithium standards had good sensitivity and linearity. Good reproducibility was assessed by lithium addition to urine samples. It was concluded that the obtained lithium reference values would be useful for the early diagnosis of lithium intoxication or in the assessment of the degree of exposure to lithium in subjects at risk. (+info)

Transient and permanent deficits in motion perception after lesions of cortical areas MT and MST in the macaque monkey. (3/49462)

We examined the nature and the selectivity of the motion deficits produced by lesions of extrastriate areas MT and MST. Lesions were made by injecting ibotenic acid into the representation of the left visual field in two macaque monkeys. The monkeys discriminated two stimuli that differed either in stimulus direction or orientation. Direction and orientation discrimination were assessed by measuring thresholds with gratings and random-dots placed in the intact or lesioned visual fields. At the start of behavioral testing, we found pronounced, motion-specific deficits in thresholds for all types of moving stimuli, including pronounced elevations in contrast thresholds and in signal-to-noise thresholds measured with moving gratings, as well as deficits in direction range thresholds and motion coherence measured with random-dot stimuli. In addition, the accuracy of direction discrimination was reduced at smaller spatial displacements (i.e. step sizes), suggesting an increase in spatial scale of the residual directional mechanism. Subsequent improvements in thresholds were seen with all motion stimuli, as behavioral training progressed, and these improvements occurred only with extensive behavioral testing in the lesioned visual field. These improvements were particularly pronounced for stimuli not masked by noise. On the other hand, deficits in the ability to extract motion from noisy stimuli and in the accuracy of direction discrimination persisted despite extensive behavioral training. These results demonstrate the importance of areas MT and MST for the perception of motion direction, particularly in the presence of noise. In addition, they provide evidence for the importance of behavioral training for functional recovery after cortical lesions. The data also strongly support the idea of functional specialization of areas MT and MST for motion processing. (+info)

Comparative efficacy of positron emission tomography with FDG and computed tomographic scanning in preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer. (4/49462)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of positron emission tomography with 2-fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG) in the preoperative staging (N and M staging) of patients with lung cancer. The authors wanted to compare the efficacy of PET scanning with currently used computed tomography (CT) scanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Results of whole-body PET-FDG imaging and CT scans were compared with histologic findings for the presence or absence of lymph node disease or metastatic sites. Sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes was performed using mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy. RESULTS: PET-FDG imaging was significantly more sensitive, specific, and accurate for detecting N disease than CT. PET changed N staging in 35% and M staging in 11% of patients. CT scans helped in accurate anatomic localization of 6/57 PET lymph node abnormalities. CONCLUSION: PET-FDG is a reliable method for preoperative staging of patients with lung cancer and would help to optimize management of these patients. Accurate lymph node staging of lung cancer may be ideally performed by simultaneous review of PET and CT scans. (+info)

Permanent work incapacity, mortality and survival without work incapacity among occupations and social classes: a cohort study of ageing men in Geneva. (5/49462)

BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the burden of disability and death in men, from middle age to age of retirement, among occupational groups and classes in Geneva. METHODS: Men were included if they resided in the Canton of Geneva, were 45 years of age in 1970-1972, and were not receiving a disability pension at the start of the follow-up. The cohort of 5137 men was followed up for 20 years and linked to national registers of disability pension allowance and of causes of death. RESULTS: There was a steep upward trend in incidence of permanent work incapacity with lower social class for all causes as well as for the seven causes of disability studied. Compared with professional occupations (social class I), the relative risk (RR) of permanent work incapacity was 11.4 for partly skilled and unskilled occupations (class IV+V) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2-28.0). The social class gradient in mortality was in the same direction as that in work incapacity although much less steep (RR class IV+V to class I = 1.6, 95% CI : 1.1-2.2). Survival without work incapacity at the time of the 65th birthday ranged from only 57% in construction workers and labourers to 89% in science and related professionals. Unemployment in Geneva was below 1.5% during almost all the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Medically-ascertained permanent work incapacity and survival without work incapacity have shown considerably greater socioeconomic differentials than the mortality differentials. (+info)

A method for calculating age-weighted death proportions for comparison purposes. (6/49462)

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for calculating age-weighted death proportions (wDP) for comparison purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A methodological study using secondary data from the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1980-1994) was carried out. First, deaths are weighted in terms of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years. Then, in order to eliminate distortion of comparisons among proportions of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years (pYPLL-100), the denominator is set to that of a standard age distribution of deaths for all causes. Conventional death proportions (DP), pYPLL-100, and wDP were calculated. RESULTS: Populations in which deaths from a particular cause occur at older ages exhibit lower wDP than those in which deaths occur at younger ages. The sum of all cause-specific wDP equals one only when the test population has exactly the same age distribution of deaths for all causes as that of the standard population. CONCLUSION: Age-weighted death proportions improve the information given by conventional DP, and are strongly recommended for comparison purposes. (+info)

Comparison of active and cancer registry-based follow-up for breast cancer in a prospective cohort study. (7/49462)

The authors compared the relative effectiveness of two distinct follow-up designs in prospective cohort studies--the active approach, based on direct contact with study subjects, and the passive approach, based on record linkages with population-based cancer registries--utilizing available information from the New York University Women's Health Study (WHS) and the New York State Cancer Registry (NYSCR). The analyses were limited to breast cancer cases identified during the period 1985-1992, for which follow-up was considered reasonably complete by both the WHS and the NYSCR. Among 12,947 cohort members who reported a New York State address, 303 pathologically confirmed cases were identified through active follow-up and 284 through record linkage. Sixty-three percent of cancers were identified by both sources, 21% by the WHS only, and 16% by the NYSCR only. The agreement was appreciably better for invasive cancers. The percentage of cases identified only by the NYSCR was increased among subjects whose active follow-up was incomplete, as well as among nonwhites, obese patients, and parous patients. This suggests that relying on either type of follow-up alone may introduce certain biases in evaluating risk factors for breast cancer. Combining both approaches appears to be a better strategy in prospective cohort studies. (+info)

Reliability of information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among US women aged 40 years or older. (8/49462)

Data on chronic disease risk behaviors and related variables, including barriers to and attitudes toward physical activity, are lacking for women of some racial/ethnic groups. A test-retest study was conducted from July 1996 through June 1997 among US women (n = 199) aged 40 years or more who were white, black, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Hispanic. The sample was selected and interviews were conducted using a modified version of the methods of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. For behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and low fruit and vegetable consumption, group prevalences were generally similar between interviews 1 and 2. However, kappa values for selected physical activity variables ranged from 0.26 to 0.51 and tended to be lower for black women. Discordance was low for variables on cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (kappa = 0.64-0.92). Discordance was high (kappa = 0.33) for low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additional variables for barriers to and access to exercise ranged widely across racial/ethnic groups and in terms of measures of agreement. These methods illustrate an efficient way to sample and assess the reliability of data collected from women of racial/ethnic minority groups. (+info)

Because the reproducibility of experimental results is an essential part of the scientific method, an inability to replicate ... Although the British newspaper The Independent wrote that the results of the reproducibility project show that much of the ... Fidler, Fiona; Wilcox, John (2018). "Reproducibility of Scientific Results". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ... Early analysis of this procedure has estimated that 61 percent of result-blind studies have led to null results, in contrast to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis

"How replicable are statistically significant results in social psychology? A replication and extension of Motyl et al. (in ... Open Science Collaboration (28 August 2015). "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science". Science. 349 (6251): ... JPSP is one of the journals analyzed in the Open Science Collaboration's Reproducibility Project after JPSP's publication of ... maintain the impression that research that is published in JPSP has been thoroughly vetted and is less likely to be the result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Personality_and_Social_Psychology

PEAR's results have been criticized for deficient reproducibility.[16] In one instance two German organizations failed to ... reproduce PEAR's results, while PEAR similarly failed to reproduce their own results.[13] An attempt by York University's Stan ... Alcock concluded there was no reason to believe the results were from paranormal origin.[12] ... Jeffers also failed to replicate PEAR's results.[9] References[edit]. *^ a b Pigliucci, Massimo (2010-05-15). Nonsense on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_Engineering_Anomalies_Research_Lab

The different faces result in different growth rates and electronic properties. On the SiC(0001) face, large-area single ... These graphene layers do have a good reproducibility. In this case, the graphene layer grows not directly on top of the ... Using this technique, the resulting graphene consists of small grains with varying thickness (30-200 nm). These grains occur ... Because of their different possible orientations, sizes and thickness, the resulting graphene film contains misoriented grains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitaxial_graphene_growth_on_silicon_carbide

"Codecheck confirms reproducibility of COVID-19 model results". Mirage News. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020. Eglen SJ (29 ... "Codecheck confirms reproducibility of COVID-19 model results". Imperial News. Imperial College London. Retrieved 2021-03-10. ... The results obtained by Imperial using the model are consistent with other models that make similar assumptions. Calibration of ... A June 2020 editorial in Nature declared the original CovidSim codebase met the requirements of scientific reproducibility. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CovidSim

Part 1: reproducibility of results for the international intercomparison". Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 10 (4): 234-251 ... Part of the Geotraces program is to ensure results for trace elements and isotopes collected on different cruises by different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_van_de_Flierdt

... and reproducibility of results. These applications are almost limitless. This is due to the ability of microscope to detect, ... The resulting image can be detected directly by the eye, imaged on a photographic plate, or captured digitally. The single lens ... It gives results much like those of the stereo light microscope. The best resolution for SEM in 2011 was 0.4 nanometer. ... This phenomenon results in a loss of contrast especially when using objectives with a high resolving power, typically oil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

The result was greatly increased reproducibility for antihydrogen production. In particular, this technique, dubbed SDREVC ( ... The result is a rotating electric field perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the plasma. This field induces an electric ... Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Non-Neutral Plasmas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 025001 (2018). C. Amole, M. D. Ashkezari, M ... application of a rotating electric field at frequency results in the plasma spinning up to the applied frequency, namely fE = ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_wall_technique

November 2010). "Reproducibility of interictal EEG-fMRI results in patients with epilepsy". Epilepsia. 52 (3): 433-442. doi: ... In practice, the causes of this artifact are not well proven and may be the results of factors such as induced electrical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography_functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging

Reproducibility of experimental results is central to the scientific method. A standard system of units facilitates this. ... As a result, units of measure could vary not only from location to location but from person to person. Metric systems of units ... When two different units are multiplied or divided, the result is a new unit, referred to by the combination of the units. For ... This accident was the result of both confusion due to the simultaneous use of metric and Imperial measures and confusion of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_measurement

WBA strives to ensure objectivity, falsifiability and reproducibility of results. The result of a WBA is a why-because graph ( ... This process can be iterated for the newfound causes, and so on, until a satisfactory result has been achieved. At each node ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why–because_analysis

They conclude "the main limitation...is the problem of reproducibility and lack of consistent results.". Various experimenters ... The resulting effects on crop growth depend nonspecifically upon multiple factors, including effects of the introduced EM ... 2011) also illustrates that "The result of the experiment shows that EM has the potential to improve the effectiveness of ... Mayer, J.; Scheid, S.; Widmer, F.; Fließbach, A.; Oberholzer (2010). ""Effective microorganisms® (EM)"? Results from a field ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_microorganism

Method and Data Sharing and Reproducibility of Scientific Results". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 60 (12): 5868 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Information_and_Modeling

For instance, it has been shown that results of offline evaluations have low correlation with results from user studies or A/B ... find a common understanding of reproducibility, (3) identify and understand the determinants that affect reproducibility, (4) ... As a result, in December 2009, an anonymous Netflix user sued Netflix in Doe v. Netflix, alleging that Netflix had violated ... The topic of reproducibility is not new in recommender systems. By 2011, Ekstrand, Konstan, et al. criticized that "it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommender_system

Reproducibility and recovery). In order to ensure maximum reproducibility in gel pore size and to obtain a fully polymerized ... As a result, the prepared gel is homogeneous (in terms of homogeneous distribution of cross-links throughout the gel sample), ... forming covalent acrylamide adduction products that may result in multiple bands. Additionally, the time of polymerization of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPNC-PAGE

Reproducibility has been defined as the ability of a result to be replicated through independent experiments within the same or ... These concerns are part of the larger reproducibility crisis in science. Some of the reasons for the lack of reproducibility in ... Erasmus Darwin was also impacted by the tragedy of the plagues and it resulted in the publication of his Zoonomia where he ... This resulted in several persistent misunderstandings of human anatomy. Another key early contributor to early comparative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_medicine

With a view to improving reproducibility of scientific results, it has been suggested that research-funding agencies finance ... He counselled pursuing results with p values below 0.05 and not wasting time on results above that. Thus arose the idea that a ... A fundamental feature of the scientific enterprise is reproducibility of results. "For decades", writes Shannon Palus, "it has ... These results almost always center on null-hypothesis significance testing, which produces a p value. Such testing does not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logology_(science)

The data and analysis provenance is maintained for reproducibility of results. BisQue can be easily deployed in cloud computing ... These results are stored back into the system in the form of tags, graphical objects and/or images. Images or metadata are ... In the latter case, BisQue can automatically parallelize analysis over large image datasets and then collect the results in a ... In BisQue, sharing images, metadata and analysis results can be performed through the web. The system contains an export ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BisQue_(Bioimage_Analysis_and_Management_Platform)

Piette, Elizabeth R.; Moore, Jason H. (19 April 2017). Improving the Reproducibility of Genetic Association Results Using ... Permutation testing makes it possible to generate an empirical p-value for the result. Replication in independent data may also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifactor_dimensionality_reduction

"Reproducibility of the results of the Shanghai academic ranking of world universities". Scientometrics. 94 (2): 567-587. doi: ... Results[edit]. Greater China Rankings (100) - Top 10[Note 2][38] Institution. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014 ... a b c d Order shown in accordance with the latest result. ... Whereas in the case of the other rankings the results are ... A 2013 paper in the same journal finally showed how the Shanghai ranking results could be reproduced.[26] In a report from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities

Random errors will affect the reproducibility and precision of the resulting structures. If the errors are systematic, the ... The process results in an ensemble of structures that, if the data were sufficient to dictate a certain fold, will converge. ... Thus, the results obtained from nitrogen-15 relaxation measurements may not be representative for the whole protein. Therefore ... However, since nitrogen atoms are found mainly in the backbone of a protein, the results mainly reflect the motions of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy

But when he finally presented his results he reported an excess heat of only one degree Celsius, a result that could be ... Reproducibility is one of the main principles of the scientific method, and its lack led most physicists to believe that the ... xi, 207-209 "The ratio of the worldwide positive results on cold fusion to negative results peaked at approximately 50% (...) ... concluding that results as of that date did not present convincing evidence that useful sources of energy would result from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion

Best results on reproducibility from lab to production (PDF). Eirechrom. v t e. ... These more sophisticated systems also allow the closed loop control of the reactor as a result of taking readings from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_lab_reactor

The initial flutemetamol PET scan resulted in 43 positive and 25 negative results for cerebral cortisol amyloid status. 69 of ... The second trial assessed intra-reader reproducibility of PET scans using flutemetamol. Of the 176 patients imaged in this ... These results correlate with the pre-mortem scan. The second clinical trail included 276 subjects with a median age of 72. The ... Final results met the pre-specified success rate with a Fleiss' kappa statistic of 0.83. GE Healthcare's largest marketing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flutemetamol_(18F)

In an effort to address issues with the reproducibility of research results, some scholars are asking that authors agree to ... by allowing others to look at the reproducibility of results, and to allow data from many sources to be integrated to give new ... with mixed results, in order to reanalyze them. A recent attempt resulted in only seven data sets out of fifty requests. The ... Open science data or Open Research Data is a type of open data focused on publishing observations and results of scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science_data

Open research computation also addresses the problem of reproducibility of scientific results. The term "open science" does not ... The results of their research showed that the technology is well suited for open science and can provide advantages, for ... Scientists often publish the results of their research by writing articles and donating them to be published in scholarly ... "The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date." (2010). Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM) (19 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science

Its products are focused to offer quality and the reproducibility of laboratory results. Besides the unit offers customized ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytik_Jena

A decrease in total free energy was observed to be a result of the assembly of nanoparticles at an oil/water interface. When ... The existence of life is strongly dependent on the reproducibility of self-assembly. Challenges There exist several outstanding ... Can result in structural dimensions across orders of magnitude, from nanoscale to macroscale. Is relatively inexpensive ... The decrease in total free energy for microscopic particles is much larger than that of thermal energy, resulting in an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-assembly_of_nanoparticles

Early analysis of such reforms has estimated that 61 percent of result-blind studies have led to null results, in contrast to ... More systematic efforts to assess the extent of the problem, such as the Reproducibility Project of the Center for Open Science ... statistical techniques are used to distinguish unique results of the experiment from the null hypothesis that variations result ... The results of intelligence tests were used to argue for segregated schools and economic functions-i.e. the preferential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

xi, 207-209 "The ratio of the worldwide positive results on cold fusion to negative results peaked at approximately 50% (...) ... Reproducibility. In 1989, after Fleischmann and Pons had made their claims, many research groups tried to reproduce the ... results.[40] On 10 April 1989, a group at Texas A&M University published results of excess heat and later that day a group at ... concluding that results as of that date did not present convincing evidence that useful sources of energy would result from the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion

7,391 deaths resulted from medication errors. If 44,000 to 98,000 deaths are the direct result of medical mistakes, and the CDC ... and tools should also be formatted and standardized such that EM educators can use the data and count on it for reproducibility ... According to survey results from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) simulation content taught at medical ... The table below shows the results of tests given to 20 students using highly advanced medical simulation training materials and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_simulation

... and is normally repeated at least three times to ensure reproducibility. Since results are dependent on patient cooperation, ... Results are usually given in both raw data (litres, litres per second) and percent predicted-the test result as a percent of ... Generally speaking, results nearest to 100% predicted are the most normal, and results over 80% are often considered normal. ... the FEV1 and FVC are both reduced proportionally and the value may be normal or even increased as a result of decreased lung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_expiratory_volume

6) There should be one or more available assay platform for such biomarker with test-retest reliability and reproducibility ... and to define strata based on the results. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarkers

... 82 also uses fixed-point arithmetic instead of floating-point, to ensure reproducibility of the results across different ... As a result, TeX has been ported to almost all operating systems, usually by using the web2c program to convert the source code ... This resulted in some "hacks" overloading some fields, which in turn required other "hacks". On an aesthetics level, the ... The problem is thus to find the set of breakpoints that will give the most visually pleasing result. Many line breaking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_markup

Li JT, Andrist D, Bamlet WR, Wolter TD (November 2000). "Accuracy of patient prediction of allergy skin test results". Annals ... 2014). Pollen monitoring: minimum requirements and reproducibility of analysis. Aerobiologia, 30(4), 385-395. ...

https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ալերգիա

... and better reproducibility of results.[5] Naming conventions[edit]. "Record linkage" is the term used by statisticians, ... The resulting total weight is then compared to the aforementioned thresholds to determine whether the pair should be linked, ... Most, if not all, record linkage strategies would result in more accurate linkage if these values were first normalized or ... As this example demonstrates, even a small decrease in data quality or small increase in the complexity of the data can result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_resolution

... concerns throughout the scientific literature resides in the viability and reproducibility on a large scale of observed results ... The assessment is made for certain microorganisms; if the result is favorable, it leads to "Qualified Presumption of Safety" ... 2010). ": Guide to designing, conducting, publishing and communicating results of clinical studies involving probiotic ... and encouraging results were obtained, especially in the relief of chronic constipation.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic?wprov=sfti1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic?wprov=sfti1

... saving time and improving the quality of results by increasing reproducibility. Etest and related instruments offer one of the ... However, to maximise reproducibility, the medium chosen should fulfil the basic requirements for a susceptibility test medium. ... The inhibition zone sizes from disc test results were compared to Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values based on the ... Therefore, for reliable and reproducible results, the stability of the gradient must be maintained for many hours. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etest

The result was a replication of the repeatedly reported open access citation advantage, with the advantage being equal in size ... Open Science Collaboration (2015). "Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science". Science. 349 (6251): aac4716. doi ... Perhaps paradoxically, the removal of this barrier might actually result in an increase of the quality of published work, as it ... Such modern technology includes posting results to preprint servers, preregistration of studies, open peer review, and other ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access_journal

A reproducibility limit is the value below which the difference between two test results obtained under reproducibility ... Reproducibility is the ability to get the same research results or inferences, based on the raw data and computer programs ... that can be used to reproduce the results and create new work based on the research.[11][12][13][14][15] Typical examples of ... think failure to reproduce published results means the result is probably wrong, and most say they still trust the published ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicability

The result of the last home game by the Washington Redskins prior to the presidential election predicted the outcome of every ... Because results from prospective studies on people who increase their bicycle use show a smaller effect on BMI than cross- ... This is a scientific example that resulted from a study at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center. Published in the May ... However, an observed effect could also be caused "by chance", for example as a result of random perturbations in the population ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation

Domingo Docampo (1 July 2012). "Reproducibility of the results of the Shanghai academic ranking of world universities". ... ResultsEdit. Greater China Rankings (100) - Top 10[Note 2][38]. Institution. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016. 2017. 2018 ... a b c d Order shown in accordance with the latest result. ... ResultsEdit. Academic Ranking of World Universities (500) - Top ... Whereas in the case of the other rankings the results are adjusted to take account of the size of institutions, hardly any such ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities

As a result, several studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar consumed. Thus, it is ... "Comparison of the interobserver reproducibility with different histologic criteria used in celiac disease". Clin. Gastroenterol ... Not all areas may be equally affected; if biopsies are taken from healthy bowel tissue, the result would be a false negative.[ ... The latter case yields a permanently covalently linked complex between the gliadin and the tTg.[78] This results in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeliac_disease

Reproducibility: This allows for researchers to use the exact methods used to calculate the relations between biological data. ... This is a direct result of major pharmaceutical companies needing more qualified analysts of the large data sets required for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_biology

... results, and conclusions of an experiment or set of experiments, or offers a novel interpretation of previous results. In ... Among the finding of meta-research is a low rates of reproducibility across a large number of fields. This widespread ... and this under-representation in turn results in disproportionately reduced acceptance of the results of their efforts as ... The results of the data analysis in rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis are then reported and evaluated. At the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research

This results in more reproducible and reliable experimental results. Since patients dislike having their hair filled with gel, ... Barriers to reproducibility and replicability". Psychophysiology. 56 (11): e13437. doi:10.1111/psyp.13437. ISSN 1469-8986. PMID ... EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain.[1] Clinically, EEG refers to ... Unlike other means of studying reaction time, ERPs can elucidate stages of processing (rather than just the final end result)[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalogram

Published results of experiments can also serve as a hypothesis predicting their own reproducibility. ... If an experiment cannot be repeated to produce the same results, this implies that the original results might have been in ... For significant or surprising results, other scientists may also attempt to replicate the results for themselves, especially if ... due to his emphasis on experimental data and reproducibility of its results.[15][16] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

The result would be a consistent yet inaccurate string of results from the flawed experiment. Eliminating the systematic error ... reproducibility - the variation arising using the same measurement process among different instruments and operators, and over ... Appendix D.1: Terminology, Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results ... Accuracy is the proximity of measurement results to the true value; precision is the degree to which repeated (or reproducible ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy

"On the reproducibility of science: unique identification of research resources in the biomedical literature". PeerJ. 2 ... Some immune deficiencies, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia, result in partial or complete lack of ... "Reporting research antibody use: how to increase experimental reproducibility". F1000. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 1 September ... Computational approaches provide a cheaper and faster alternative to crystallography, but their results are more equivocal, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Based on the low power of studies, one would expect a large number of non-significant results, but these results are missing ... Reproducibility controversy and conflicting meta analysesEdit. In 2016, a major study (2141 participants) carried out at two ... The results of this study indicated that people who experienced ego depletion felt less guilty and donated less money than non- ... The complexity of consumer decisions in itself can result in ego depletion.[24] This, in turn, could impact any subsequent ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego_depletion

"The use of p values for nearly a century [since 1925] to determine statistical significance of experimental results has ... contributed to an illusion of certainty and [to] reproducibility crises in many scientific fields. There is growing ... The presence of missing data or censoring may result in biased estimates and specific techniques have been developed to address ... The presence of missing data or censoring may result in biased estimates and specific techniques have been developed to address ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

... which would have resulted in the upper limit of the kilogram's reproducibility being around 10−5 whereas the current ... Impact on reproducibility[edit]. All seven of the SI base units will be defined in terms of defined constants[Note 7] and ... This would result in the dalton and the atomic mass unit potentially differing from each other with a relative uncertainty of ... with the result that the redefinition of the kilogram and the additional rigour in the definitions of the second and metre ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_redefinition_of_SI_base_units

Bertrand Russell argued that some individual actions based on beliefs for which there is no evidence of efficacy, can result in ... as well as the degree to which their predictions match experimental results.[17] Skepticism in general may be deemed part of ... Unqualified medical practice and alternative medicine can result in serious injury and death[38][39].Skeptical activist Tim ... and then sharing the results with the public. ... Reproducibility. *Scientific reductionism. *Scientism. *Secular ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_skepticism

The historical results of Coley's vaccine therapy are difficult to compare with modern results because Coley's studies were not ... Although Coley claimed successful treatment of hundreds of patients, the absence of proven benefit or reproducibility led to ... Coley published the results of his work as a case series, making it difficult to interpret them with confidence. According to ... In particular, the therapy resulted in immediate tumor destruction and pain relief. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Coley

Normalization of results. This step aims to answer "Is that a lot?" by expressing the LCIA results in respect to a chosen ... Consistency and reproducibility of the methods used in the study. *Sources of Data ... The results are used to help decision-makers select products or processes that result in the least impact to the environment by ... Classification of inventory results. In this step, the LCI results are assigned to the chosen impact categories based on their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_cycle_analysis

The resulting phage particles that are produced contain the single-stranded phagemids and are used to infect XL-1 Blue cells.[2 ... This approach has a lower rate of reproducibility and tends to yield higher amounts of false positives compared to the matrix ... Each of these points alone can give rise to false results. Due to the combined effects of all error sources yeast two-hybrid ... The exact rate of false positive results is not known, but earlier estimates were as high as 70%. This also, partly, explains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hybrid_screening

... has become popular due to the exact reproducibility of the results.[13] ... compares the results of training on the data sets[Note 1]. threeColors = [255, 0, 0], [0, 255, 0], [0, 0, 255]. eightColors = [ ... The other plots each overlay the resulting map with predicted values on an input dimension: red means a predicted 'yes' vote on ... have been several attempts to modify the definition of SOM and to formulate an optimisation problem which gives similar results ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organizing_map

Dear Colleague Letter: Reproducibility and Robustness of Results. This document has been archived. ... Intrinsic to our mission is the responsibility to ensure the reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of research and its ...

https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2016/nsf16083/nsf16083.jsp

Workshop on research results reproducibility and resources citation in science and technology of language, Branco et al. (2016 ... Replicability and reproducibility of research results for human language technology: introducing an LRE special section. ... Branco, A., Calzolari, N. & Choukri, K. (Eds.). (2016). Workshop on research results reproducibility and resources citation in ... LREs fostering of submissions reporting results of replicability and reproducibility studies and reports on experimental ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10579-017-9380-0

Reproducibility of Computational Environments for Scientific Experiments using Container-based Virtualization ... In an ideal world, all research papers would be runnable: simply click to replicate all results, using the same setup as the ... In an ideal world, all research papers would be runnable: simply click to replicate all results, using the same setup as the ...

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/search?q=Reproducibility+of+Computational+Environments+for+Scientific+Experiments+using+Container-based+Virtualization

Reproducibility of walking test results in chronic obstructive airways disease. Message subject: (Your Name) has forwarded a ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/43/5/388.share

MASSIVE DATA, THE DIGITIZATION OF SCIENCE, AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS. by Victoria Stodden (Postdoctoral Associate in Law ... complete communication of the underlying methodology producing the results, ie. reproducibility. I outline barriers to these ... Without inclusion of the code and data with published computational results, we are engendering a credibility crisis in science ...

https://indico.cern.ch/event/95311/

Improving the Reproducibility of PANs Shared Tasks: - Plagiarism Detection, Author Identification, and Author Profiling ... Improving the Reproducibility of PANs Shared Tasks: Plagiarism Detection, Author Identification, and Author Profiling by ...

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/search?q=Improving+the+Reproducibility+of+PAN%27s+Shared+Tasks%3A+-+Plagiarism+Detection%2C+Author+Identification%2C+and+Author+Profiling

Reproducibility of Results Respiration Respiratory Rate Sex Characteristics Tidal Volume Time Factors Walking Abstract. We ... Reproducibility of Results Research Subjects - psychology Risk-Taking Rural Population Urban Population Young Adult Abstract. ... Reproducibility of Results Risk factors Russia Siberia Surveys and Questionnaires Abstract. To determine the 23-year dynamics ( ... Reproducibility of Results Russia Scintillation Counting Sensitivity and specificity Tritium - analysis - standards Abstract. ...

https://arctichealth.org/en/list?q=topic%3A%22Reproducibility+of+Results%22&p=1&ps=&sort=title_sort+asc

Reproducibility of Results Sweden Translating Abstract. Health literacy (HL) is an important determinant for health and a ... Reproducibility of Results Sweden Translating Abstract. The Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) is an attempt to ... Reproducibility of Results Utilization Review - methods Notes. Cites: CMAJ. 2000 Jun 27;162(13):1809-1310906913 Comment On: ... Reproducibility of Results Sweden Notes. Comment On: Scand J Occup Ther. 2005 Dec;12(4):170-8016457090 ...

https://arctichealth.org/en/list?q=topic%3A%22Reproducibility+of+Results%22&%3Bp=1&%3Bps=&%3Bsort=title_sort+asc&p=1&objectType_facet=Article

Questions about the reproducibility of scientific research have been raised i... ... A lack of reproducibility of scientific results has created some distrust in scientific findings among the general public, ... Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results: Summary of a Workshop (2016) ... Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results: Summary of a Workshop Get This ...

https://www.nap.edu/read/21915/chapter/5

Questions about the reproducibility of scientific research have been raised in numerous setting... ... A lack of reproducibility of scientific results has created some distrust in scientific findings among the general public, ... Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results: Summary of a Workshop (2016) ... Statistical Challenges in Assessing and Fostering the Reproducibility of Scientific Results: Summary of a Workshop Get This ...

https://www.nap.edu/read/21915/chapter/8

... today announced the publication of an international prospective multicenter study that demonstrates the high reproducibility of ... BioNTech Announces Positive Results of an International Reproducibility Study with MammaTyper® Monday, 15 May 2017 11:40 Hits: ... Inter-site reproducibility of the positive/negative marker results was also correspondingly high - with Kappa values of 1.00, ... The results were subsequently analyzed for their reproducibility both between the institutes (inter-site) and within each ...

https://www.b3cnewswire.com/201705151573/biontech-announces-positive-results-of-an-international-reproducibility-study-with-mammatyperr.html

... of Experimental Parameters in Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry Significantly Increases Depth and Reproducibility of Results. ... of Experimental Parameters in Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry Significantly Increases Depth and Reproducibility of Results ... of Experimental Parameters in Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry Significantly Increases Depth and Reproducibility of Results ... of Experimental Parameters in Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry Significantly Increases Depth and Reproducibility of Results ...

https://www.mcponline.org/content/16/12/2296/tab-figures-data

For 1866, only one result from site B and two results from site C were 64 μg/ml; the other results ranged from 8 to 32 μg/ml. ... Reproducibility among MICs and agreement by interpretive category was most variable for imipenem. Based on results reported ... Multisite Reproducibility of Results Obtained by the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing ofMycobacterium ... Multisite Reproducibility of Results Obtained by the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing ofMycobacterium ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/37/6/1676?ijkey=5dfb0058a6001bd5014678646c2db7ff48ac5bad&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Assessment of Resolution and Intercenter Reproducibility of Results of Genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by Pulsed-Field Gel ... Assessment of Resolution and Intercenter Reproducibility of Results of Genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by Pulsed-Field Gel ... Assessment of Resolution and Intercenter Reproducibility of Results of Genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by Pulsed-Field Gel ... Assessment of Resolution and Intercenter Reproducibility of Results of Genotyping Staphylococcus aureus by Pulsed-Field Gel ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/36/6/1653?ijkey=12e34b0e5da8a01efdb4ce353e8c9a44732b047a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The reproducibility crisis and the negative results crisis are both coming into their prime, and represent an interesting ... When Crises Collide: The Tension Between Null Results and Reproducibility *By David Crotty ... Every result opens up new questions. Part of answering those new questions relies on the first result being correct. If its ... Its perfectly reasonable to doubt anyone elses results, even your own results. That may require doing the same thing a few ...

https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2014/09/10/when-crises-collide-the-tension-between-null-results-and-reproducibility/

... K-REx Repository. Search K-REx. This ... From One Environment to Many: The Problem of Reproducibility of Experimental Results. Lin, Jinguang ... Keywords: Reproducibility. Graduation Month: August. Degree: Master of Science. Department: Department of Statistics. Major ... If the environmental effect ratio is too large, the reproducibility probability may be reduced to just a coin toss, and if ...

https://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/39077

Spica magnetic resonance imaging for determination of abduction angle: initial results and reproducibility assessment ... Spica magnetic resonance imaging for determination of abduction angle: initial results and reproducibility assessment ... Results. For inter-reader reliability, the ICC of the five physicians was 0.89 (95 % CI 0.84-0.92). For intra-reader ... The high ICC and low standard deviation of independently evaluated hip abduction angles indicates high reproducibility of ...

https://www.springermedizin.de/spica-magnetic-resonance-imaging-for-determination-of-abduction-/10581100

ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison - Part 1: Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole ... Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (Q- ... The results show that these instruments can produce highly comparable and robust measurements of the NR-PM1 total mass and its ... Reproducibility expanded uncertainties of Q-ACSM concentration measurements were found to be 9, 15, 19, 28, and 36% for NR-PM1 ...

https://atmos-meas-tech.net/8/5063/2015/

The Climate Modeling Leak: Code and Data Generating Published Results Must be Open and Facilitate Reproducibility. Posted on ... The Leak Reveals a Failure of Reproducibility of Computational Results. It appears as though the leak came about through a long ... This is right - reproducibility of results should be the concern (as argued here for example). ... My sense is that making code and data readily available in a way that facilitates reproducibility of results, can help avoid ...

https://blog.stodden.net/2009/11/30/the-climate-modeling-leak-code-and-data-generating-published-results-must-be-open-and-facilitate-reproducibility/

Interobserver reproducibility of the PRECISE scoring system for prostate MRI on active surveillance: results from a two-centre ... Interobserver reproducibility of the PRECISE scoring system for prostate MRI on active surveillance: results from a two-centre ... Interobserver reproducibility of the PRECISE scoring system for prostate MRI on active surveillance: results from a two-centre ... RESULTS: Agreement was substantial both at a per-patient and a per-scan level (κ = 0.71 and 0.61; percent agreement = 79% and ...

https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10088360/

Home > News > New Reproducibility of Research Results Module New Reproducibility of Research Results Module. CITI Program is ... "Reproducibility of Research Results" module discusses factors that contribute to the lack of reproducibility and the resulting ... Reproducibility of Research Results. The inability to reproduce findings from prior research, whether it is ones own study or ... The module also describes the stakeholders affected by reproducibility problems, a collection of reproducibility initiatives, ...

https://about.citiprogram.org/en/news/new-reproducibility-of-research-results-module/

Concerns of poor study and microbiome reproducibility also abound in the literature. Despite the well-known, negative-effects ... to self-monitor the success/reproducibility of basic and translational research. Examples are provided to help scientists ... methods reproducibility, results reproducibility, and inferential reproducibility. While these terms are applied predominantly ... The examples here are expected to contribute to improvement of methods reproducibility, results reproducibility, and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-60900-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=35a8ff24-172f-43a5-b2f8-7d9a6b6716ad

Purpose We present the evaluation of the reproducibility of measurements performed using robotic ultrasound imaging in ... Results. After repeated image acquisitions, the measurements based on acquisitions performed by the robotic system and expert ... Ultrasound acquisition Robotic ultrasound Autonomous acquisition Reproducibility Thyroid R. Kojcev and A. Khakzar have ... Albu-Schäffer A, Ott C, Frese U, Hirzinger G (2003) Cartesian impedance control of redundant robots: recent results with the ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11548-017-1561-1

Results:. A total of 74 voxels were included for reproducibility analysis. The complete range of biologically interesting CC/C ... Comparison of our results with clinical MR spectroscopy reproducibility studies of other organs is cumbersome, mainly because ... In general, other MR spectroscopic imaging reproducibility studies show highly reproducible results and consider the technique ... Other reproducibility studies investigate reproducibility in healthy tissue or in tissue with known malignancy or in both but ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmri.22827/full

RESULTS: The intakes of energy and some nutrients estimated from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were different from those assessed by the DRs. ... Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study.. Ahn Y1, Kwon E, Shim JE ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17299477?dopt=Abstract

RESULTS: The RDR test was reproducible for 17 of 23 subjects: 3 scored , 14% on both tests; 14, , 14% on both. Six subjects ... Reproducibility of the relative dose response test (RDR), a test designed to measure vitamin A status, was tested in 23 ... In addition, the reproducibility of the retinyl ester concentrations in serum 5 hours after the retinyl palmitate dose and the ... Reproducibility of relative dose response (RDR) test and serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations in children after a 2- ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8892170?dopt=Abstract

World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific (Manila : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2007) ...

https://iris.wpro.who.int/browse?authority=Reproducibility+of+Results&type=mesh

RESULTS-The mean ± SE ratio of the AUC after white bread intake by the AUC after glucose intake for the first set of ... Ko GT, Chan JC, Woo J, Lau E, Yeung VT, Chow CC, Cockram CS: The reproducibility and usefulness of the oral glucose tolerance ... RESULTS-. At baseline, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and insulin and lipoprotein concentrations were similar between ... There are limited data that have addressed the issue of reproducibility. Therefore, the current study was carried out to assess ...

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/6/1412.full

Results Inter-vendor agreement was highest for GCS followed by LV GLS. GRS and RV GLS showed lower inter-vendor agreement. ... Intra-vendor reproducibility was excellent for GCS, LV GLS and RV GLS, but lower for GRS. The impact of repeated measurements ... Conclusion Cardiac pathology has no influence on CMR-FT reproducibility. LV GLS and GCS qualify as the most robust parameters ... Inter-observer reproducibility was derived from the tracking results of a second skilled observer (TL). To study the impact of ...

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193746

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S ...

https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/1278/browse?authority=Reproducibility+of+Results&type=mesh&locale-attribute=fr

Replicability Improve the reproducibility Repeatability and reproducibility CONCLUSIONS Good reproducibility Measurements Activities to Improve Reproducibility Short-term reproducibility Variability Crisis Lack of reproducibility Measure of reproducibility Robustness Aspects of reproducibility Compare the reproducibility Accuracy and reproducibility Determine the reproducibility Importance of reproducibility Measurement Standard deviation Methods Facilitate reproducibility High reproducibility Computational reproducibility Interobserver reproducibility Interlaboratory reproducibility Skip Researchers Assess Replication Food frequency questionnaire Russell Poldrack Assessment Intraobserver Evaluate Reliability Transparency Validity 2017 Nutrients Context Data Findings Intraclass correlation Experiments Statistical Improves Replicate Clinical Experimental Reproducible results Research Responsiveness Parameters Ratio Subsequently Study Quantitative results Assessing Science Probability

To address this need, Language Resources and Evaluation (LRE) , the premier journal for publication of papers concerning resources that support HLT research as well as evaluation of both resources and results, is acting to encourage the discussion and advancement of what is commonly referred to as replicability and reproducibility in the field of Human Language Technology. (springer.com)
It should be noted that despite efforts to distinguish reproducibility and replicability (e.g., by definig "levels" of reproducability Dalle ( 2012 )), the line between the two is not always clear. (springer.com)
By establishing a special section on Replicability and Reproducibility, LRE is encouraging submissions of articles providing positive or negative quantitative assessment of previously published results in the field. (springer.com)
According to a U.S. National Science Foundation subcommittee on science replicability, "reproducibility refers to the ability of a researcher to duplicate the results of a prior study using the same materials as were used by the original investigator. (nature.com)
April 18, 2018 - Rockland Immunochemicals, Inc. announced today that Chief Science Officer, Dr. Carl Ascoli testified at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine's third of six public session on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science on April 18th. (the-scientist.com)
B. Thompson , " Exploring the Replicability of a Study's Results: Bootstrap Statistics for the Multivariate Case " , Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 84-94, 1995. (iit.edu)
The terms replicability and repeatability are used in the context of reproducibility, see below. (wikipedia.org)
In recent decades, there has been a rising concern that many published scientific results fail the test of reproducibility, evoking a reproducibility or replicability crisis. (wikipedia.org)
Two major steps are naturally distinguished in connection with reproducibility of experimental or observational studies: When new data is obtained in the attempt to achieve it, the term replicability is often used, and the new study is a replication or replicate of the original one. (wikipedia.org)

His lab is also engaged in the development of neuroinformatics tools to help improve the reproducibility and transparency of neuroscience, including the OpenfMRI.org and Neurovault.org data sharing projects and the Cognitive Atlas ontology. (nsf.gov)
This contribution addresses the following central question/challenge in nanotags based detections: How to improve the reproducibility of nonmagnetic nanotags based assay? (degruyter.com)
b) The funding organizations perspective was explored by research councils such as the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) who have taken a lead in operationalization of measures to improve the reproducibility of data. (neuron-eranet.eu)

To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of dynamic corneal response parameters measured by the Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). (hindawi.com)
The Corvis ST showed good precision (repeatability and reproducibility) for IOP measurements and for DCR in healthy eyes. (hindawi.com)
The objective of this study was to establish the repeatability and reproducibility limits of several volume-related PET image-derived indices-namely tumor volume (TV), mean standardized uptake value, total glycolytic volume (TGV), and total proliferative volume (TPV)-relative to those of maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ), commonly used in clinical practice. (snmjournals.org)
The accuracy, robustness, repeatability, and reproducibility of image delineation are directly responsible for the reduced use of functional volumes derived from PET images. (snmjournals.org)
Both Scheimpflug-Placido systems show high repeatability and reproducibility for posterior corneal surface measurement. (healio.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Expert radiologists achieved substantial reproducibility for the PRECISE scoring system, especially when data were pooled together according to the absence/presence of radiological progression (PRECISE 1-3 vs 4-5). (ucl.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry has an acceptable reproducibility and is appropriate for description of the effect of graded changes in P o 2 on retinal haemodynamics. (bmj.com)
This culture discourages the publication of negative results, or alternate conclusions to the premise originally proposed by the author, leading to false expectations for a new drug. (scielo.org)

In conclusion, the physical performance and especially the high intensities activities of elite soccer players present good reproducibility when different types of SSG were applied in 2 different sessions in the same period, even if the rules and formats were being manipulated allowing coaches to use it with a target time-motion characteristic and an equivalent workload week after week. (omicsonline.org)
Pathologists reported good reproducibility at both 1% and 50% cut points. (aacrjournals.org)
This study supports that the FFQ has a good reproducibility for nutrient and food intake, and can provide a valid estimate of several important nutrients during pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)

We present the evaluation of the reproducibility of measurements performed using robotic ultrasound imaging in comparison with expert-operated sonography. (springer.com)
Subsequently, the same procedure was performed using the robotic system resulting in a cumulative total of 144 clinically relevant measurements. (springer.com)
Our results clearly indicated that robotic ultrasound enables more repeatable measurements. (springer.com)
Reproducibility of retardation measurements with the nerve fiber analyzer II. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that the NFA II provides reproducible measurements and that, on average, measurements obtained by separate operators on different days are similar. (nih.gov)
Sensitivity to changes in cortical activity and the reproducibility of results are crucial for measurements across participants as well as for longitudinal studies of individual participants. (ajnr.org)
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. (ouhsc.edu)
The intraindividual reproducibility of circadian HRF measurements was examined in healthy subjects in three locations of the retina. (bmj.com)
These data show the best reproducibility of measurements in the superficial layer followed by the intermediate and the deep layer. (bmj.com)
We examined intraindividual reproducibility of HRF measurements in healthy subjects in three defined measurement locations within separate tissue layers. (bmj.com)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproducibility and the sensitivity of these measurements. (bmj.com)
Assessment of range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength is fundamental in the clinical diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis (OA) but reproducibility of these measurements has mostly involved clinicians from secondary care and has rarely reported agreement parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the primary objective of the study was to determine the inter-rater reproducibility of ROM and muscle strength measurements. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproducibility of goniometric and dynamometric measurements of ROM and muscle strength in patients with hip OA is poor between experienced orthopaedists and between experienced chiropractors. (biomedcentral.com)
Results The overall interobserver agreement for grading MR as severe or nonsevere using qualitative and quantitative parameters was similar and suboptimal: 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1 to 0.52) for jet area-based MR grade, 0.28 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.45) for VC measurements, and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.58) for PISA measurements. (onlinejacc.org)

At the conclusion, a written report will be issued to Congress that includes an assessment of current activities to improve reproducibility and replication highlighting examples of good practices and examine factors that adversely affect reproducibility and replication. (the-scientist.com)

The CTs increased slightly when measured twice over the 15-minute intervals (short-term reproducibility) but remained stable over a period of 2 weeks (long-term reproducibility). (arvojournals.org)

Reluctance to universally recommend the system for use in formulating dietary guidance stems from a number of issues, some relating to uncertainties in reproducibility among people and variability in the composition and preparation of individual foods. (diabetesjournals.org)
Although, the reproducibility of a 6 minute walk has been addressed in terms of a hospital test, simulated home test and actual home test (Guyatt), its inter-variability is not well studied. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Without inclusion of the code and data with published computational results, we are engendering a credibility crisis in science. (cern.ch)
The reproducibility crisis and the negative results crisis are both coming into their prime, and represent an interesting conflict. (sspnet.org)
The reproducibility crisis is based on reports suggesting that the majority of published experiments are not reproducible. (sspnet.org)
The negative results crisis (also known as the " file drawer problem ") comes from the notion of publication bias , the idea that researchers never publish experiments that don't work or that provide null results. (sspnet.org)
In this "replication crisis" era, reproducibility is the only thing that can be effectively guaranteed in a published study. (umn.edu)
I will discuss a set of approaches that we are developing to address this reproducibility crisis in the context of human neuroimaging research. (nsf.gov)
Opinion leaders testifying at this session challenged whether a "crisis" of reproducibility exists, as some have claimed in the literature, especially when considering that the clear majority of research performed results in the collection of high quality data sufficient to support and reproduce scientific claims. (the-scientist.com)
A reproducibility crisis? (wikipedia.org)
He cited the NATURE survey 'Is there a reproducibility crisis? (neuron-eranet.eu)

The new "Reproducibility of Research Results" module discusses factors that contribute to the lack of reproducibility and the resulting problems that can emerge. (citiprogram.org)
Much has been written about Fleischmann and Pons, but I have not found if their problem was lack of reproducibility (so they found a plot that looked good and just focused on that) or if there was something darker at work. (wordpress.com)

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated using a random effects one way analysis of variance as a measure of reproducibility. (bmj.com)
Means and standard deviations of all flow results of a given subject were calculated, at t0-t6 and the coefficients of variation as a measure of reproducibility. (bmj.com)

Intrinsic to our mission is the responsibility to ensure the reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of research and its associated scientific outcomes. (nsf.gov)
Normalisation improved inter-scanner reproducibility in FreeSurfer and SPM-based methods, but the FSL-SIENAX scaling factor did not improve robustness. (springer.com)
Reproducibility can be interpreted to include traits such as repeatability, robustness, reliability and generalizability [ 5 ]. (nsf.gov)

Subject librarians can work with individuals, research groups, and departments to advise on many aspects of reproducibility and rigor. (umn.edu)
The purpose of this workshop is to discuss aspects of reproducibility most relevant to the mathematical sciences among researchers from pure and applied mathematics from academics and other settings, together with interested parties from funding agencies, national laboratories, professional societies, and publishers. (brown.edu)

Two methods of image processing, one using a baseline image and another using the individual scans, were used to compare the reproducibility of three summary measures, average retardation, integral, and retardation ratio. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this study was to quantify functional MR imaging and magnetoencephalographic measures of the extent of cortical activity and to compare the reproducibility of these measures and their sensitivity to incremental stimulus change. (ajnr.org)

Evaluating microkeratome efficacy by 3D corneal lamellar flap thickness accuracy and reproducibility using Artemis VHF digital ultrasound arc-scann. (nih.gov)
Descriptive statistics revealed central flap thickness accuracy and reproducibility. (nih.gov)
A systematic qualitative and quantitative statistical evaluation of microkeratome accuracy and reproducibility can be performed by measuring corneal flap thickness with arc-scanning VHF digital ultrasound. (nih.gov)
In spite of its potential usefulness, the accuracy and reproducibility of the gene expression measures obtained in this way are still open to doubt. (biomedcentral.com)

To determine the reproducibility of 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( 1 H-MRSI) of the human prostate in a multicenter setting at 1.5T. (wiley.com)
As we have sought to develop FLT for imaging tumor response, it is also necessary to determine the best way to measure FLT retention, including SUV and kinetic variables, and to determine the reproducibility in several tumor types. (aacrjournals.org)

You will also learn the importance of reproducibility in data science and how the commercial cloud can help support reproducible research even for experiments involving massive datasets, complex computational infrastructures, or both. (coursera.org)
The first to stress the importance of reproducibility in science was the Irish chemist Robert Boyle, in England in the 17th century. (wikipedia.org)

Our purpose was to establish objective criteria for measuring hip abduction angles on MRI after hip reduction and spica casting in patients with DDH, and evaluate reproducibility and reliability of angle measurement using these criteria. (springermedizin.de)
The high ICC and low standard deviation of independently evaluated hip abduction angles indicates high reproducibility of measurement. (springermedizin.de)
The goal of this study was to establish the clinical reproducibility of ceMRI for the measurement of infarct size. (ahajournals.org)
Reproducibility - Measurement variation with either multiple operators on multiple instruments on the same sample (but possibly multiple lots) in multiple locations. (horiba.com)
Infarct size measurement by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance can be used as a surrogate parameter for acute myocardial infarction treatment trials, if reproducibility is excellent. (onlinejacc.org)
Patients underwent infarct size measurement on 2 consecutive days for reproducibility assessment. (onlinejacc.org)

We examine how p-value, effect size, sample size, and the ratio of the standard deviation of environment by treatment interaction and the standard deviation of experimental error interact with one another, and as a whole, affect the experiment's reproducibility. (k-state.edu)
Central reproducibility (standard deviation of the mean) was 30.3 microm, with a range of 106 to 228 microm. (nih.gov)
To assess intraoperator repeatability and interoperator reproducibility, within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and test-retest repeatability (TRT, 2.77 Sw) were calculated. (healio.com)

Related to replication is reproducibility, which is the calculation of quantitative scientific results by independent scientist using the original datasets and methods. (springer.com)
Other branches of science have long-established methods to bring reproducibility into their practice. (stodden.net)
Computational methods are a relatively new addition to a scientist's toolkit, and the scientific community is only just establishing similar standards for verification and reproducibility in this new context. (stodden.net)
This example also illustrates why a decision to leave reproducibility to others, beyond a cursory description of methods in the published text, is wholly inadequate for computational science. (stodden.net)
More recently, reproducibility as a scientific concept has been proposed to be divided into three types: methods reproducibility, results reproducibility, and inferential reproducibility. (nature.com)
Methods and Results- Patients with chronic myocardial infarction defined by enzymes (peak creatine kinase-MB 173±119 U/L) were scanned twice by MRI (MRI I and MRI II, n=20) and twice by SPECT (SPECT I and SPECT II, n=15) on the same day. (ahajournals.org)
The relevance of studies using these techniques hinges on the precision of quantification and the reproducibility of the methods used for measuring cortical activity. (ajnr.org)
Third, for most methods, the raw data produced by the microscopes need to be processed to obtain the desired final result. (dlib.org)
This study assessed the methods to measure FLT retention in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to measure the reproducibility of this approach. (aacrjournals.org)
In particular, PIs are strongly encouraged to describe, as part of their data management plans, how they will provide access to well-documented datasets, modeling and/or simulation tools, and codebases to support reproducibility of their methods. (nsf.gov)
The differences in reproducibility between same-species and cross-species analyses observed in previous studies were probably caused by the analytical methods used to calculate the gene expression measures. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, to facilitate reproducibility, researchers are encouraged to publish code and data alongside the original paper. (arxiv.org)
Responding with raw data when questioned about computational results is merely a canard, not intended to seriously facilitate reproducibility. (stodden.net)

Mainz, Germany, May 15, 2017 / B3C newswire / -- BioNTech Diagnostics GmbH today announced the publication of an international prospective multicenter study that demonstrates the high reproducibility of the MammaTyper® in vitro diagnostic test. (b3cnewswire.com)

These include an integrated platform for the analysis and open sharing of neuroimaging data, frameworks for the description of data and metadata, and the use of software containers and virtual machines to enhance computational reproducibility. (nsf.gov)

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the interobserver reproducibility of the Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) criteria for magnetic resonance imaging in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) at two different academic centres. (ucl.ac.uk)
For interobserver reproducibility, OPA was 84.2% (95% CI, 82.8-85.5) for the 1% cut point and 81.9% (95% CI, 80.4-83.3) for the 50% cut point, and Cohen's κ coefficients were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65-0.71) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.55-0.62), respectively. (aacrjournals.org)
The training was found to have no or very little impact on intra- or interobserver reproducibility. (aacrjournals.org)

A multicenter study was conducted to assess the interlaboratory reproducibility of broth microdilution testing of the more common rapidly growing pathogenic mycobacteria. (asm.org)
Currently, however, no standardized testing method for this group of organisms exists, nor has the interlaboratory reproducibility of any method been assessed. (asm.org)
Twenty well-characterized isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used to study the optimal resolution and interlaboratory reproducibility of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA macrorestriction fragments. (asm.org)

Skip to search results section. (jstor.org)

Provide researchers with easily accessible tools to analyze their data in ways that focus on the reproducibility of the results. (insidehpc.com)
To do this we will leverage high-performance computing resources to allow researchers to understand how their results vary across different analysis approaches and different subsets of their data. (insidehpc.com)
If the environmental effect ratio is too large, the reproducibility probability may be reduced to just a coin toss, and if effect sizes are small, researchers should be very cautious about making inferences about reproducibility even if the observed p-value is small and sample size is large. (k-state.edu)
The University Libraries support students and researchers across the University of Minnesota and have many experts and services that can support research reproducibility and rigor across the research lifecycle. (umn.edu)
Guidelines and Examples: A UMN resource to help researchers, librarians, research support staff, students, and administrators find guidelines and examples related to reproducibility for their disciplines. (umn.edu)
It showed us that researchers' analysis choices matter to what kind of results they find and report. (dana.org)
Where scientists need to publish new, positive and spectacular results for professional advancement, journals need to publish new, positive and spectacular results to promote their Impact Factor (IF), and institutions and funders support researchers who publish new, positive and spectacular results in high IF journals. (neuron-eranet.eu)
It means that a result obtained by an experiment or observational study should be achieved again with a high degree of agreement when the study is replicated with the same methodology by different researchers. (wikipedia.org)

A place to start may be an agreement on how to report results (either Bayesian or frequentist) and how to better assess the meaning and significance of a study's results. (nap.edu)
Release of the code and data used to generate the results in the hockey stick paper likely would have avoided the convening of panels to assess the papers. (stodden.net)
The aim of the study was to assess the reproducibility of a short-form, multicomponent dietary questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) in Polish children and adolescents. (mdpi.com)
The aim of our study was to assess the reproducibility of activations for 2 widely used paradigms: naming and word generation. (ajnr.org)
Two sample sets of 60 samples each were designed to assess inter- and intraobserver reproducibility considering two cut points for positivity: 1% or 50% of PD-L1 stained tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
To assess the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire developed for estimating the food consumption of adults in São Paulo, Brazil, based population study. (scielosp.org)
The committee was given a timeline to assess issues pertaining to reproducibility and replication, hear testimony by subject matter experts, deliberate and complete their investigations within approximately 18 months of the start of activities in October 2017. (the-scientist.com)

For example, it has been shown that for some published results with major impact, replication of published results is difficult or impossible (e.g. (springer.com)
In fact, several recent articles have reported on reproducibility and/or replication problems in the HLT field (e.g. (springer.com)
2015 ), and two recent workshops 1 have addressed the need for replication and reproduction of HLT results. (springer.com)
What is clear is that whether for the purposes of replication or reproduction of prior results, access to the resources, procedures, parameters, and test data used in an original work is critical to the exercise. (springer.com)
Assessing whether the replication and the original experiment yielded the same result according to several criteria, they find that about one-third to one-half of the original findings were also observed in the replication study. (sciencemag.org)
Direct replication is the attempt to recreate the conditions believed sufficient for obtaining a previously observed finding and is the means of establishing reproducibility of a finding with new data. (sciencemag.org)
Here, we evaluated reproducibility using significance and P values, effect sizes, subjective assessments of replication teams, and meta-analysis of effect sizes. (sciencemag.org)
and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. (sciencemag.org)
No single indicator sufficiently describes replication success, and the five indicators examined here are not the only ways to evaluate reproducibility. (sciencemag.org)
Reproducibility is not well understood because the incentives for individual scientists prioritize novelty over replication. (sciencemag.org)
The National Academies are charged by Congressional mandate to explore the issues of reproducibility and replication in scientific and engineering research. (the-scientist.com)
Lay people who learned about the low replication rate found in the Reproducibility Project subsequently reported a lower trust in psychology, compared to people who were told that a high number of the studies had replicated. (wikipedia.org)
Now, the results of unique research project, the Neuroimaging Analysis, Replication, and Prediction Study (NARPS), suggest that different analyses can lead to strikingly different results from the same data set. (dana.org)
Reproducibility in the original, wide sense is only acknowledged if a replication performed by an independent researcher team is successful. (wikipedia.org)

A sample of individuals aged above 20 years, of both genders, living in São Paulo, was used for the validation study (n = 77) and reproducibility study (n = 74) of the food frequency questionnaire. (scielosp.org)
The food frequency questionnaire analyzed has good validity and reproducibility for estimating the food consumption of adults in São Paulo compared to the reference method, so it is an appropriate instrument to be used in epidemiological studies on similar populations. (scielosp.org)
The aim of this study was to examine the reproducibility and validity (against biochemical biomarkers) of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in pregnant women. (biomedcentral.com)
To develop a self-administered food frequency questionnaire for older children and adolescents and to demonstrate reproducibility over a 1-year period. (nih.gov)

Russell Poldrack, a cognitive neuroscientist at Stanford University and a strong proponent of reproducibility in science (the ability to replicate published studies and get the same results) is no stranger to testing the limits of commonly used neuroscience techniques (See Making the Connectome Personal: One Brain, Many Scans ). (dana.org)

We tested the reproducibility of the assessment of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples by pathologists. (aacrjournals.org)
Using this assay, we investigated the inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of pathologists' assessment of PD-L1 staining and the impact of training on reproducibility. (aacrjournals.org)
The presence of an identifiable effective regurgitant orifice improves reproducibility of VC and a central regurgitant jet predicts substantial agreement among multiple observers of PISA assessment. (onlinejacc.org)

For intraobserver reproducibility, the overall percent agreement (OPA) was 89.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 85.7-92.6] for the 1% cut point and 91.3% (95% CI, 87.6-94.0) for the 50% cut point. (aacrjournals.org)
Reproducibility, interobserver, and intraobserver variabilities were assessed and compared by the Bland-Altman method. (onlinejacc.org)

To evaluate the reproducibility of a scanning laser polarimeter, the Nerve Fiber Analyzer II (NFA II, Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. (nih.gov)
To evaluate inter- and intra-observer reproducibility in the histopathology of follicular carcinoma (FTC). (thyroidmanager.org)
But as neuroimaging technology has advanced, so have the different analysis tools and the number of ways one can evaluate the resulting data. (dana.org)
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of acute and chronic infarct size (IS) by delayed enhancement (DE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (onlinejacc.org)

However, only a few reports exist on the reproducibility or test-retest reliability of functional imaging results with respect to language processes. (ajnr.org)
Gauging reproducibility is important, and therefore, the reliability of this test can be ascertained. (asnjournals.org)
Reproducibility is reported as agreement and reliability between paired raters of the same profession. (biomedcentral.com)
The lack of reliability and reproducibility of the results are major challenges in the application of diagnostics based of SERS substrates. (degruyter.com)
The reliability of scientific research can be measured by the number of subsequent retractions of previously published articles when it is determined that they are fraudulent or they contain errors of experimentation or interpretation of the results. (scielo.org)
It is therefore pharmaceutical companies which are amongst the most interested parties in the reliability of these results, since it is on the basis of these that they will develop projects to test and possibly produce these drugs which have considerable costs attached to them. (scielo.org)

We believe that the sharing of data is essential to scientific transparency and reproducibility, and the work of our center will extend the OpenfMRI project to encompass a complete online data analysis and sharing platform. (insidehpc.com)
The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines (COS, 2014) are a set of 8 standards intended to be adopted by academic journals to improve reproducibility through transparency. (umn.edu)

Several authors have investigated the reproducibility and validity of this method for quantification of ocular microcirculation. (bmj.com)
To verify the validity and reproducibility of energy and 19 nutrients were applied two food frequency questionnaires (60 items) and three 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR - reference method). (scielosp.org)
The validity was verified by Spearman correlation coefficient (crude and de-attenuated) and weighted Kappa, and reproducibility by intraclass correlation coefficients and weighted kappa. (scielosp.org)
We compared nutrient and food intakes from FFQs estimated for two periods of pregnancy (reproducibility), and compared energy-adjusted intake of several carotenoids, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C and α-tocopherol of the FFQ in the first trimester with their concentration in blood specimens (validity). (biomedcentral.com)
While it is difficult to completely characterize the validity of tractography, we can measure its reproducibility. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
But the presence of methodological issues raises questions about the external validity of these results. (biomedcentral.com)
It comprises a checklist of 20 items dedicated to internal validity, reproducibility and relevance/context, containing key information necessary to describe a study comprehensively and transparently. (neuron-eranet.eu)

To explore which measures NEURON can embrace to maintain and improve international quality standards, a workshop on 'Quality assurance and reproducibility of results' was organized on January 19th, 2017 in Oslo. (neuron-eranet.eu)

In reproducibility correlation coefficients ranged from 0.36 (polyunsaturated fat) to 0.69 (calcium), and weighted kappa exceeded 0.40 for 80% of the nutrients. (scielosp.org)
Reproducibility for nutrients ranged from .26 for protein and iron to .58 for calcium, and for foods it ranged from .39 for meats to .57 for soda. (nih.gov)

Purpose: The aim of this work is to shed light on the issue of reproducibility in MR image reconstruction in the context of a challenge. (arxiv.org)

Reproducibility is a rarely discussed, but absolutely critical aspect of trial implementation and data management. (cytel.com)
Interpretation of experimental results cannot be performed without deep understanding of what happened to the data. (insidehpc.com)
The second panel on reporting scientific results and sharing scientific study data was moderated by Victoria Stodden (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) and included the following panelists: Keith Baggerly (MD Anderson Cancer Center), Ronald Boisvert (Association for Computing Machinery and National Institute of Standards and Technology), Randy LeVeque (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and University of Washington), and Marcia McNutt ( Science magazine). (nap.edu)
The data shows that MammaTyper® provides virtually identical results - independent of the location, the time of day, the instruments used and the operator performing the test (1). (b3cnewswire.com)
It appears as though the leak came about through a long battle to get the CRU scientists to reveal the code and data associated with published results, and highlights a crack in the scientific method as practiced in computational science. (stodden.net)
Harry seems to have had access to the data and code used and he couldn't replicate the results. (stodden.net)
The merging and preprocessing of data in preparation for modeling and estimation encompasses a potentially very large number of steps, and a change in any one could produce different results. (stodden.net)
With a 'housing-density cost-calculator-simulator' and fully-annotated statistical examples/code, this themed-framework streamlines the rapid analysis of cage-clustered-data and promotes the use of 'study-power-statistics' to self-monitor the success/reproducibility of basic and translational research. (nature.com)
Voxels with approved spectral quality were included to calculate Bland-Altman parameters for reproducibility from the choline plus creatine to citrate ratio (CC/C). The repeated spectroscopic data were also evaluated with a standardized clinical scoring system. (wiley.com)
However, little is known about the reproducibility of imaging data in the language domain. (ajnr.org)
Before imaging data can be applied within the framework of neurosurgical planning (eg, for determining the extent of a resection), data on the reproducibility of the language paradigms should be available. (ajnr.org)
In this paper, we will introduce the requirements towards data management arising in this setting (Section 2) and their linkage to reproducibility (Section 3). (dlib.org)
Curating and sharing your research data, code, and materials, means others can reproduce your results. (umn.edu)
The ability of a researcher to duplicate the results of a prior study if the same procedures are followed but new data are collected. (umn.edu)
Previous studies however showed weak reproducibility of data. (bmj.com)
If your collected data cannot be automatically linked (probably via metadata) to the exact instrument configuration at the time of collection, then you do not really have a scientific result: you have something suggestive but not convincing. (wordpress.com)
Where practical, proposers should also propose models and openly accessible repositories for complete data sharing of all results from these experiments. (nsf.gov)
As the data collection ability of nearly every area of science has ballooned, so has the potential for problematic research practices that can lead to irreproducible results. (nsf.gov)
These results indicate that the data generated by deep genome sequencing is of the quality necessary for clinical use. (pnas.org)
The big question being, if you analyze data in different ways, would you get different results? (dana.org)
The reproducibility of the probe data obtained hybridizing deer, Old-World primates, and human RNA samples to Affymetrix human GeneChip ® U133 Plus 2.0 was compared. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the reproducibility and accuracy of these measures largely depends on the use of appropriated algorithms to derive the gene expression data from the probe data. (biomedcentral.com)
As such, you should not pay for a Course Certificate in Communicating Data Results if you are unable or unwilling to use AWS, as you will not be able to successfully complete the course without doing so. (coursera.org)
Effective data scientists know how to explain and interpret their results, and communicate findings accurately to stakeholders to inform business decisions. (coursera.org)
Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Five papers had reproducibility data for IGT or IFG, two of which where from the same population but sampled differently. (degruyter.com)
With a narrower scope, reproducibility has been introduced in computational sciences: Any results should be documented by making all data and code available in such a way that the computations can be executed again with identical results. (wikipedia.org)
Obtaining the same results when analyzing the data set of the original study again with the same procedures, many authors use the term reproducibility in a narrow, technical sense coming from its use in computational research. (wikipedia.org)

Nonetheless, collectively these results offer a clear conclusion: A large portion of replications produced weaker evidence for the original findings despite using materials provided by the original authors, review in advance for methodological fidelity, and high statistical power to detect the original effect sizes. (sciencemag.org)
Whether any claimed findings are indeed true or false can only be confirmed via additional studies, but reproducibility can be confirmed immediately. (umn.edu)
The project pulled these studies from three different journals, Psychological Science, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, published in 2008 to see if they could get the same results as the initial findings. (wikipedia.org)
The authors emphasized that the findings reflect a problem that affects all of science and not just psychology, and that there is room to improve reproducibility in psychology. (wikipedia.org)

Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. (asnjournals.org)

Both approaches suffer from a similar problem-negative results, experiments that don't work and failed replications are very difficult to interpret. (sspnet.org)
By considering the effect of changing experimental environments on the reproducibility of experiments, we try to figure out in what situations the initial experimental results will likely carry over to other environments. (k-state.edu)
In this article, we propose a methodology enhancing the reproducibility of scientific experiments in the domain of microscopy techniques. (dlib.org)
We discuss the criteria and attributes needed for reproducibility of microscopy experiments. (dlib.org)
The need to design an environment facilitating reproducibility for microscope experiments arises from the Collaborative Research Center ReceptorLight which started in 2015. (dlib.org)
Reproducibility of carefully documented experiments is a cornerstone of the scientific method, and yet is often lacking in computational mathematics, science, and engineering. (brown.edu)
Irreproducibility of published experiments, as we have seen, plays a significant role in the failures recorded in projects in the pharmaceutical industry based on pre-clinical results. (scielo.org)

Reproducibility can occur across different realms-numerical, empirical, computational and statistical-and may be analytical, direct, systematic or conceptual. (nsf.gov)

Priming may have affected our results, but the use of a combined task, in which naming is paired with noun generation, improves the reproducibility of activations and is also suitable for IOM. (ajnr.org)

In an ideal world, all research papers would be runnable: simply click to replicate all results, using the same setup as the authors. (psu.edu)
Reproducibility is the ability to produce a copy or duplicate, in this case it is the ability to replicate the results of the original studies. (wikipedia.org)

Regulation and Reproducibility: Can You Reproduce Your Clinical Trial Results? (cytel.com)
Robotic imaging for interventional procedures may be a valuable contribution, but requires reproducibility for its acceptance in clinical routine. (springer.com)
The clinical reproducibility of contrast-enhanced MRI for infarct size determination compares favorably with that of routine clinical SPECT. (ahajournals.org)
Although there is substantial experimental evidence supporting the use of ceMRI to detect infarction, 1-4 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ the reproducibility of ceMRI in a clinical setting has not been established, nor has the utility of this approach been compared with that of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. (ahajournals.org)
5 To allow the reproducibility of ceMRI to be directly compared with the reproducibility of an existing widely used clinical technique, patients were also scanned twice by resting Tc-MIBI SPECT on the same day as the 2 MRI scans. (ahajournals.org)
It is for this reason that pharmaceutical companies validate published results before embarking on a project involving clinical trials. (scielo.org)

and reproducibility of experimental results. (ouhsc.edu)
The Reproducibility Project: Psychology was a crowdsourced collaboration of 270 contributing authors to repeat 100 published experimental and correlational psychological studies. (wikipedia.org)
Boyle, a pioneer of the experimental method, maintained that the foundations of knowledge should be constituted by experimentally produced facts, which can be made believable to a scientific community by their reproducibility. (wikipedia.org)

The recently published study examines whether the MammaTyper® in vitro diagnostic test is able to supply reliable and reproducible results for the mRNA expression of the genes ERBB2 , ESR1 , PGR and MKI67 . (b3cnewswire.com)
However, studies carried out by the pharmaceutical companies Bayer (Germany) and Amgen (USA) concluded that between 60% and 70% of studies in the field of biomedicine may include non-reproducible results. (scielo.org)

As a result, there is an increasingly urgent call for validation and verification of published research results, both within the academic community and the public at large (e.g. (springer.com)
Because scientific research represents a major public investment and is the basis for many decisions that we make in medicine and society, it is essential that we can trust the results. (insidehpc.com)
The frequent near-impossibility of verification of computational results when reproducibility is not considered a research goal is shown by the miserable travails of "Harry," a CRU employee with access to their system who was trying to reproduce the temperature results. (stodden.net)
CITI Program is pleased to announce the availability of a new "Reproducibility of Research Results" module. (citiprogram.org)
Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. (sciencemag.org)
In part two of our conversation with Chris Graf, Wiley's new Director of Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics, we discuss what reproducibility really means and share how the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) works to protect research integrity. (wiley.com)
From peer review to reproducibility, publishers, authors, and editors are all exploring how to be more transparent to improve research integrity and impact. (wiley.com)
Through this DCL, the participating programs noted above encourage proposals that specifically seek to reproduce, verify and/or characterize recent results in the disciplines covered under each program's ambit of research. (nsf.gov)
Proposers should be aware that the NSF merit review principles ( https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/policydocs/pappguide/nsf16001/gpg_3.jsp#IIIA1 ) as well as the NSF merit review criteria ( https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/policydocs/pappguide/nsf16001/gpg_3.jsp#IIIA2 ) support proposals that advance reproducibility in scientific research to the same extent as those that advance transformative research. (nsf.gov)
In addition to advancing research and discovery in pure and applied mathematics, computation is pervasive across the sciences and now computational research results are more crucial than ever for public policy, risk management, and national security. (brown.edu)
A previous post on this blog addressed the question of the reproducibility of research results and how this topic is attracting increasing attention in the scientific community and society at large. (scielo.org)
Eand Medici Sciences , " Reproducibility Issues in Research with Animals and Animal Models " , National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2015. (iit.edu)
We found reports documenting research on the kinetics of NNK formation in sidestream cigarette smoke by searching the ∼45 million pages of tobacco industry documents made public as a result of litigation against the tobacco companies. (aacrjournals.org)
Visualization is the field of research in computer science that studies effective communication of quantitative results by linking perception, cognition, and algorithms to exploit the enormous bandwidth of the human visual cortex. (coursera.org)
The alarming claim is that many or even most biomedical research results are false. (neuron-eranet.eu)
Reproducibility of funded research projects is therefore one of the most important assets, since it clearly affects the perception and acceptance of research funding in society. (neuron-eranet.eu)
The guidelines received consensus between scientists, statisti-cians, journal editors, and research funders and are used to ensure reproducibility of animal research and avoid unnecessary animal use. (neuron-eranet.eu)

Objective To examine the reproducibility and responsiveness to change of a six minute walk test and a quality of life measure in elderly patients with heart failure. (bmj.com)
Responsiveness (the sensitivity of a measure to a clinically relevant change in health) and reproducibility (the stability of a test when no important change in health has occurred) are essential properties of outcome measures for intervention studies. (bmj.com)
5 It is important that reproducibility and responsiveness should be demonstrated in all populations in which the measures will be used. (bmj.com)
The aim of the present study was to examine the reproducibility and responsiveness to change of a six minute walk test and a heart failure specific quality of life measure in elderly patients with heart failure attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. (bmj.com)

Within a given set of imaging parameters, we expect reconstruction reproducibility to vary among white matter tracts depending on their size and trajectory. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Such proposals should identify the key results to be reproduced, motivate the importance of the results to the community and the need for independent validation, and present rigorous methodologies for experimentation with the goal of extensively and thoroughly characterizing the operating parameters under which these results can be reproduced. (nsf.gov)

Large effect sizes and/or small ratios of the environmental effect ratio favor high probability of reproducibility. (k-state.edu)
Brannen et al 11 used a phonologic generation task in patients and found a mean reproducibility ratio of 37% for activations in Brodmann areas 9, 44, 45, and 46. (ajnr.org)

The results were subsequently analyzed for their reproducibility both between the institutes (inter-site) and within each institute (intra-site). (b3cnewswire.com)

The very precise reproducibility of MammaTyper® compared to immunohistochemistry was shown, especially for the determination of the proliferation marker Ki-67, which is vitally important for the differentiation of luminal breast cancer types and for the prognosis", explained the head of the study, Prof. Dr. med. (b3cnewswire.com)
The first study arm examined the comparability of quantitative marker results (40-ΔΔ Cq values) between the ten sites. (b3cnewswire.com)
Concerns of poor study and microbiome reproducibility also abound in the literature. (nature.com)
For the reproducibility study, two blinded, randomized aliquots from 5 follicular and 5 luteal premenopausal women, 5 naturally postmenopausal women, and 5 men were assayed in each of four batches. (aacrjournals.org)
This study aimed to mimic real-world conditions for many customers who must reconcile results from multiple operators, units, and locations. (horiba.com)
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate reproducibility of the position of centric relation in patients with disc displacement with reduction. (srce.hr)
The ability of a researcher to duplicate the results of a prior study using the same materials and procedures as were used by the original investigator. (umn.edu)
The aim of the present study was to examine the reproducibility of the physical activity during different sided games in elite soccer players during different training sessions. (omicsonline.org)
In this study, we have examined the reproducibility of FLT imaging in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (aacrjournals.org)
This study showed that the diagnostic reproducibility of minimally invasive FTC is low. (thyroidmanager.org)
A few studies on the reproducibility of pathological diagnosis in the field of thyroid carcinoma have been published between 1976 and 1993, and another study on a few cases was published in 2002. (thyroidmanager.org)
A similar study on FNAB reproducibility would obviously be welcome. (thyroidmanager.org)
Finally, this study shows the need for objective quantitative diagnostic tests that could result from present work, based for instance on the molecular biology of cancers (i.e. gene expression, etc. (thyroidmanager.org)
Our study demonstrates that cross-species analyses do not significantly affect hybridization reproducibility of GeneChips, at least within the range of the mammal species analysed here. (biomedcentral.com)
G. Naik , " Scientists' Elusive Goal: Reproducing Study Results " , Wall Street Journal , 2011. (iit.edu)

The reproducibility of the quantitative results for the individual markers both between and within the institutes was calculated by means of variance component analysis and the intra- and inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC). (b3cnewswire.com)
In the process, the ICC reflects the reproducibility of quantitative results over the entire measuring range (4). (b3cnewswire.com)

Assessing the reproducibility of activations found with language paradigms in a repeated-measures design poses a special problem with regard to selection of stimuli. (ajnr.org)

We conducted a large-scale, collaborative effort to obtain an initial estimate of the reproducibility of psychological science. (sciencemag.org)
I plan to discuss how these ideas play into good reproducible science and how one should program to guarantee reproducibility. (wordpress.com)
I will show how these approaches have the potential to enable a new era of reproducibility in science. (nsf.gov)
The project has illustrated the growing problem of failed reproducibility in social science. (wikipedia.org)
This project has started a movement that has spread through the science world with the expanded testing of the reproducibility of published works. (wikipedia.org)
Such assertions express a common dogma in modern science that reproducibility is a necessary condition (although not necessarily sufficient) for establishing a scientific fact, and in practice for establishing scientific authority in any field of knowledge. (wikipedia.org)

In animals with increased Ube3a gene dosage, glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, synaptic transmission was suppressed as a result of reduced presynaptic release probability, synaptic glutamate concentration, and postsynaptic action potential coupling. (sciencemag.org)

Anatomy10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment117

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities1

Information Science19

Named Groups1

Health Care26

Geographicals1

Highly sensitive quantitation of methamphetamine by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay using a new europium chelate as a label. (1/49462)

Urinary lithium: distribution shape, reference values, and evaluation of exposure by inductively coupled plasma argon-emission spectrometry. (2/49462)

Transient and permanent deficits in motion perception after lesions of cortical areas MT and MST in the macaque monkey. (3/49462)

Comparative efficacy of positron emission tomography with FDG and computed tomographic scanning in preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer. (4/49462)

Permanent work incapacity, mortality and survival without work incapacity among occupations and social classes: a cohort study of ageing men in Geneva. (5/49462)

A method for calculating age-weighted death proportions for comparison purposes. (6/49462)

Comparison of active and cancer registry-based follow-up for breast cancer in a prospective cohort study. (7/49462)

Reliability of information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among US women aged 40 years or older. (8/49462)

Reproducibility of Results

Observer Variation

Sensitivity and Specificity

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Reference Standards

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Quality Control

Laboratories

Reference Values

Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Calibration

Automation

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Algorithms

Tomography, Optical Coherence

Image Enhancement

Photography

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Time Factors

Translations

Analysis of Variance

Equipment Design

Predictive Value of Tests

Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

Blood Flow Velocity

Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques

Feasibility Studies

Phantoms, Imaging

Anatomic Landmarks

Software

Diet Records

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Questionnaires

Specimen Handling

Prospective Studies

Electrophoresis, Capillary

Automation, Laboratory

Diet Surveys

Methods

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Gene Expression Profiling

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Contrast Media

Nerve Fibers

Pathology, Clinical

Language

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Clinical Laboratory Techniques

Glaucoma

Brain

Optic Disk

Limit of Detection

Photogrammetry

Chromatography, Liquid

Autoanalysis

Tomography

Radiopharmaceuticals

Capillary Electrochromatography

Corneal Pachymetry

Mass Spectrometry

Cephalometry

Knee Joint

Laboratory Proficiency Testing

Positron-Emission Tomography

Data Interpretation, Statistical

Linear Models

Statistics as Topic

Blood Chemical Analysis

Pathology

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical

Head

Proteomics

Equipment Failure Analysis

Ultrasonography, Doppler

Radiography, Dental, Digital

Biological Markers

Biosensing Techniques

Tonometry, Ocular