Repressor proteins. Medical search

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

The regulatory elements of an OPERON to which activators or repressors bind thereby effecting the transcription of GENES in the operon.

Bacterial repressor proteins that bind to the LAC OPERON and thereby prevent the synthesis of proteins involved in catabolism of LACTOSE. When lactose levels are high lac repressors undergo an allosteric change that causes their release from the DNA and the resumption of lac operon transcription.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.

The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.

Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVIRIDAE. Its natural host is E. coli K12. Its VIRION contains linear double-stranded DNA with single-stranded 12-base 5' sticky ends. The DNA circularizes on infection.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Deacetylases that remove N-acetyl groups from amino side chains of the amino acids of HISTONES. The enzyme family can be divided into at least three structurally-defined subclasses. Class I and class II deacetylases utilize a zinc-dependent mechanism. The sirtuin histone deacetylases belong to class III and are NAD-dependent enzymes.

The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Viruses whose host is Escherichia coli.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Cyclic AMP response element modulator is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is regulated by CYCLIC AMP. It plays an important role in SPERMATID development in the mammalian TESTIS.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

DNA sequences recognized as signals to end GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A family of zinc finger transcription factors that share homology with Kruppel protein, Drosophila. They contain a highly conserved seven amino acid spacer sequence in between their ZINC FINGER MOTIFS.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The first DNA-binding protein motif to be recognized. Helix-turn-helix motifs were originally identified in bacterial proteins but have since been found in hundreds of DNA-BINDING PROTEINS from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They are constructed from two alpha helices connected by a short extended chain of amino acids, which constitute the "turn." The two helices are held at a fixed angle, primarily through interactions between the two helices. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, p408-9)

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

In eukaryotes, a genetic unit consisting of a noncontiguous group of genes under the control of a single regulator gene. In bacteria, regulons are global regulatory systems involved in the interplay of pleiotropic regulatory domains and consist of several OPERONS.

A subclass of repressor proteins that do not directly bind DNA. Instead, co-repressors generally act via their interaction with DNA-BINDING PROTEINS such as a TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING FACTORS or NUCLEAR RECEPTORS.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm. (1/21399)

The nephric duct is the first epithelial tubule to differentiate from intermediate mesoderm that is essential for all further urogenital development. In this study we identify the domain of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to the nephric duct and demonstrate that the surface ectoderm is required for its differentiation. Removal of the surface ectoderm resulted in decreased levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in mesenchymal nephric duct progenitors, and caused inhibition of nephric duct formation and subsequent kidney development. The surface ectoderm expresses BMP-4 and we show that it is required for the maintenance of high-level BMP-4 expression in lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of a BMP-4-coated bead to embryos lacking the surface ectoderm restored normal levels of Sim-1 and Pax-2 mRNA expression in nephric duct progenitors, nephric duct formation and the initiation of nephrogenesis. Thus, BMP-4 signaling can substitute for the surface ectoderm in supporting nephric duct morphogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that inductive interactions between the surface ectoderm, lateral mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm are essential for nephric duct formation and the initiation of urogenital development. (+info)

Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (2/21399)

The product of the oskar gene directs posterior patterning in the Drosophila oocyte, where it must be deployed specifically at the posterior pole. Proper expression relies on the coordinated localization and translational control of the oskar mRNA. Translational repression prior to localization of the transcript is mediated, in part, by the Bruno protein, which binds to discrete sites in the 3' untranslated region of the oskar mRNA. To begin to understand how Bruno acts in translational repression, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify Bruno-interacting proteins. One interactor, described here, is the product of the apontic gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments lend biochemical support to the idea that Bruno and Apontic proteins physically interact in Drosophila. Genetic experiments using mutants defective in apontic and bruno reveal a functional interaction between these genes. Given this interaction, Apontic is likely to act together with Bruno in translational repression of oskar mRNA. Interestingly, Apontic, like Bruno, is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds certain regions of the oskar mRNA 3' untranslated region. (+info)

Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (3/21399)

Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain. (+info)

Sonic hedgehog signaling by the patched-smoothened receptor complex. (4/21399)

BACKGROUND: The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins is involved in a number of developmental processes as well as in cancer. Genetic and biochemical data suggest that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) receptor is composed of at least two proteins: the tumor suppressor protein Patched (Ptc) and the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo). RESULTS: Using a biochemical assay for activation of the transcription factor Gli, a downstream component of the Hh pathway, we show here that Smo functions as the signaling component of the Shh receptor, and that this activity can be blocked by Ptc. The inhibition of Smo by Ptc can be relieved by the addition of Shh. Furthermore, oncogenic forms of Smo are insensitive to Ptc repression in this assay. Mapping of the Smo domains required for binding to Ptc and for signaling revealed that the Smo-Ptc interaction involves mainly the amino terminus of Smo, and that the third intracellular loop and the seventh transmembrane domain are required for signaling. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that Smo is the signaling component of a multicomponent Hh receptor complex and that Ptc is a ligand-regulated inhibitor of Smo. Different domains of Smo are involved in Ptc binding and activation of a Gli reporter construct. The latter requires the third intracellular loop and the seventh transmembrane domain of Smo, regions often involved in coupling to G proteins. No changes in the levels of cyclic AMP or calcium associated with such pathways could be detected following receptor activation, however. (+info)

Four dimers of lambda repressor bound to two suitably spaced pairs of lambda operators form octamers and DNA loops over large distances. (5/21399)

Transcription factors that are bound specifically to DNA often interact with each other over thousands of base pairs [1] [2]. Large DNA loops resulting from such interactions have been observed in Escherichia coli with the transcription factors deoR [3] and NtrC [4], but such interactions are not, as yet, well understood. We propose that unique protein complexes, that are not present in solution, may form specifically on DNA. Their uniqueness would make it possible for them to interact tightly and specifically with each other. We used the repressor and operators of coliphage lambda to construct a model system in which to test our proposition. lambda repressor is a dimer at physiological concentrations, but forms tetramers and octamers at a hundredfold higher concentration. We predict that two lambda repressor dimers form a tetramer in vitro when bound to two lambda operators spaced 24 bp apart and that two such tetramers interact to form an octamer. We examined, in vitro, relaxed circular plasmid DNA in which such operator pairs were separated by 2,850 bp and 2,470 bp. Of these molecules, 29% formed loops as seen by electron microscopy (EM). The loop increased the tightness of binding of lambda repressor to lambda operator. Consequently, repression of the lambda PR promoter in vivo was increased fourfold by the presence of a second pair of lambda operators, separated by a distance of 3,600 bp. (+info)

C-myc overexpression and p53 loss cooperate to promote genomic instability. (6/21399)

p53 monitors genomic integrity at the G1 and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. Cells lacking p53 may show gene amplification as well as the polyploidy or aneuploidy typical of many tumors. The pathways through which this develops, however, are not well defined. We demonstrate here that the combination of p53 inactivation and c-myc overexpression in diploid cells markedly accelerates the spontaneous development of tetraploidy. This is not seen with either N-myc or L-myc. Tetraploidy is accompanied by significantly higher levels of cyclin B and its associated cdc2 kinase activity. Mitotic spindle poisons accelerate the appearance of tetraploidy in cells either lacking functional p53 or overexpressing c-myc whereas the combination is additive. Restoration of p53 function in cells overexpressing c-myc causing rapid apoptosis, indicating that cells yet to become tetraploid have nonetheless suffered irreversible genomic and/or mitotic spindle damage. In the face of normal p53 function, such damage would either be repaired or trigger apoptotis. We propose that loss of p53 and overexpression of c-myc permits the emergence and survival of cells with increasingly severe damage and the eventual development of tetraploidy. (+info)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (7/21399)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) gene family, human TIF1gamma. Similar to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, the structure of TIF1beta is characterized by multiple domains: RING finger, B boxes, Coiled coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain. Although structurally related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, TIF1gamma presents several functional differences. In contrast to TIF1alpha, but like TIF1beta, TIF1 does not interact with nuclear receptors in yeast two-hybrid or GST pull-down assays and does not interfere with retinoic acid response in transfected mammalian cells. Whereas TIF1alpha and TIF1beta were previously found to interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 and with the HP1alpha, MODI (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma) heterochromatinic proteins, suggesting that they may participate in a complex involved in heterochromatin-induced gene repression, TIF1gamma does not interact with either the KRAB domain of KOX1 or the HP1 proteins. Nevertheless, TIF1gamma, like TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, exhibits a strong silencing activity when tethered to a promoter. Since deletion of a novel motif unique to the three TIF1 proteins, called TIF1 signature sequence (TSS), abrogates transcriptional repression by TIF1gamma, this motif likely participates in TIF1 dependent repression. (+info)

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (8/21399)

The first appearance of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis, at cell cycle 17, is accompanied by the down-regulation of E2F-dependent transcription. Mutant alleles of rbf were generated and analyzed to determine the role of RBF in this process. Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic RBF products show constitutive expression of PCNA and RNR2, two E2F-regulated genes, indicating that RBF is required for their transcriptional repression. Despite the ubiquitous expression of E2F target genes, most epidermal cells enter G1 normally. Rather than pausing in G1 until the appropriate time for cell cycle progression, many of these cells enter an ectopic S-phase. These results indicate that the repression of E2F target genes by RBF is necessary for the maintenance but not the initiation of a G1 phase. The phenotype of RBF-deficient embryos suggests that rbf has a function that is complementary to the roles of dacapo and fizzy-related in the introduction of G1 during Drosophila embryogenesis. (+info)

The lac repressor (LacI) is a DNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the ... More information on the lac repressor molecule on protein database Lac Repressor in Proteopedia. (Gene expression, Bacterial ... The lac repressor was first isolated by Walter Gilbert and Benno Müller-Hill in 1966. They showed that in vitro the protein ... This bound repressor can reduce transcription of the Lac proteins by occluding the RNA polymerase binding site or by prompting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_repressor

The stronger a protein's interaction with DNA, the higher the salt concentration needed to elute that protein. Planar ... ISBN 978-0-632-02017-1. Bourgeois S, Pfahl M (1976). "Repressors". In Anfinsen CB, Edsall JT, Richards FM (eds.). Advances in ... It is often used in biochemistry in the purification of proteins bound to tags. These fusion proteins are labeled with ... Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography

The lacI gene codes for a protein called "the repressor" or "the lac repressor", which functions to repressor of the lac operon ... The lacI gene synthesizes LacI repressor protein. The LacI repressor protein represses lacZYA by binding to the operator ... An example of a repressor protein is the methionine repressor MetJ. MetJ interacts with DNA bases via a ribbon-helix-helix (RHH ... A repressor that binds with a co-repressor is termed an aporepressor or inactive repressor. One type of aporepressor is the trp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repressor

... the Cro repressor family is a family of repressor proteins in bacteriophage lambda that includes the Cro repressor. ... The crystal structure of the lambda Cro repressor reveals a HTH DNA-binding protein with an alpha/beta fold that differs from ... Ohlendorf DH, Tronrud DE, Matthews BW (July 1998). "Refined structure of Cro repressor protein from bacteriophage lambda ... Together the Cro and cI repressors form a helix-turn-helix (HTH) superfamily. The lambda Cro repressor binds to DNA as a highly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro_repressor_family

"The bZIP repressor proteins, c-Jun dimerization protein 2 and activating transcription factor 3, recruit multiple HDAC members ... Jun dimerization protein 2 (JUNDM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JDP2 gene. The Jun dimerization protein is a ... Other proteins such as interferon regulatory factor-2-binding protein-1 (IRF2BP1). CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma (C/EBPγ ... "Isolation of an AP-1 repressor by a novel method for detecting protein-protein interactions". Molecular and Cellular Biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun_dimerization_protein

Fe(II)-regulated proteins contain an SH3-like domain as a C-terminal extension, which is absent in Mn(II)-regulated mntR. Metal ... In molecular biology, the iron dependent repressors are a family of bacterial and archaeal transcriptional repressors. At their ... Several proteins are known to contain a dtxR-type HTH domain. These include: Corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxR, a diphtheria ... The dtxR protein regulates the expression of diphtheria toxin in response to environmental iron concentrations. Furthermore, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_dependent_repressor

Carrión AM, Link WA, Ledo F, Mellström B, Naranjo JR (March 1999). "DREAM is a Ca2+-regulated transcriptional repressor". ... KCNIP2, a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNIP2 gene. KCNIP3, more commonly known as Calsenilin, a protein that in ... KCNIP4, a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNIP4 gene. Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal calcium sensor proteins: ... Kv channel interacting proteins are members of a family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins (KCNIPs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv_channel_interacting_protein

The Krüppel protein is a transcription factor, and has been shown to act as a repressor. It functions in collaboration with ... Licht JD, Grossel MJ, Figge J, Hansen UM (July 1990). "Drosophila Krüppel protein is a transcriptional repressor". Nature. 346 ... December 1986). "A conserved family of nuclear proteins containing structural elements of the finger protein encoded by Krüppel ... protein,+Drosophila at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Protein pages needing a picture, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krüppel

... the other human protein that is a member of that family is Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2. Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 has ... The nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 also known as thyroid-hormone- and retinoic-acid-receptor-associated co-repressor 1 (TRAC-1 ... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOR1 gene. NCOR1 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein which contains ... "Aberrant interactions of transcriptional repressor proteins with the Huntington's disease gene product, huntingtin". Hum. Mol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_co-repressor_1

This protein is also part of a co-repressor complex which is an important component of transcriptional silencing. This gene is ... CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that is encoded by the CREBBP gene in humans. The CREB protein ... Proteins RbAp48 is a key player in the assembly of nucleosomes. RbAp48 protein is a subunit of the chromatin-assembly factor-1 ... RbAp48 protein is also found in numerous other protein complexes for regulation of chromatin structure. Studies show that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficiency_of_RbAp48_protein_and_memory_loss

The Bicoid protein is a morphogen as well. The Nanos protein is a translational repressor protein. Bicoid has a DNA-binding ... Nanos protein forms a gradient at the posterior end. The Bicoid protein blocks translation of caudal mRNA so Caudal protein is ... and Caudal proteins is in the transcriptional regulation of other zygotically expressed proteins. Many of these are the protein ... Nanos protein, in complex with Pumilio protein, binds to the hunchback mRNA and blocks its translation in the posterior end of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_embryogenesis

The nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 (NCOR2) is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor- ... the other human protein that is a member of that family is Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1. SMRT was initially cloned and ... "Both corepressor proteins SMRT and N-CoR exist in large protein complexes containing HDAC3". The EMBO Journal. 19 (16): 4342-50 ... Zhou S, Fujimuro M, Hsieh JJ, Chen L, Miyamoto A, Weinmaster G, Hayward SD (April 2000). "SKIP, a CBF1-associated protein, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_co-repressor_2

This second pathway is regulated by repressor protein DesT. DesT is also a repressor of fabAB expression for anaerobic ... Two DesR-P proteins will dimerize and bind to the DNA promoters of the des gene and recruit RNA polymerase to begin ... It acts as an activator of fabA and fabB transcription and as a repressor for the β-oxidation regulon. In contrast, FabR acts ... Another pathway uses two proteins, DesC and DesB, together to act as a Δ9-desaturase, which inserts a double bond into a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_synthesis

Then there's the repressor protein that turns genes off. The inducer can remove this repressor, turning genes back on. The ... Lastly, the regulatory gene is the gene for the repressor protein. An example of inducible enzyme is COX-2 which is synthesized ... operator is a section of DNA where the repressor binds to shut off certain genes; the promoter is the section of DNA where the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_enzyme

Saier MH, Ramseier TM (June 1996). "The catabolite repressor/activator (Cra) protein of enteric bacteria". Journal of ... Gupta V, Bamezai RN (November 2010). "Human pyruvate kinase M2: a multifunctional protein". Protein Science. 19 (11): 2031-44. ... Heterogenous ribonucleotide proteins (hnRNPs) can act on the PKM gene to regulate expression of M1 and M2 isoforms. PKM1 and ... Allosteric regulation is the binding of an effector to a site on the protein other than the active site, causing a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinase

"Thermal denaturation of the core protein of lac repressor". Biochemistry. 24 (15): 3842-3846. doi:10.1021/bi00336a004. ISSN ... Matthews's research focuses on the interactions of protein and DNA, in particular LacI and the Hox gene protein Ultrabithorax. ... She received the William C. Rose Award in 2015 for her work in DNA-binding proteins and her commitment to mentoring young ... Wilson, C. J.; Zhan, H.; Swint-Kruse, L.; Matthews, K. S. (2006). "The lactose repressor system: paradigms for regulation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Matthews_(biochemist)

Capicua transcriptional repressor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIC gene. Capicua functions as a ... 2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. ... DUX4 - chimeric CIC-DUX4 proteins are found in tumors. FOXO4 - chimeric CIC-FOXO4 proteins are found in tumors. NUTM1 - ... chimeric CIC-NUTM1 proteins are found in tumors. LEUTX - chimeric CIC-LEUTX proteins are found in tumors. GRCh38: Ensembl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capicua_(protein)

1999). "The STAR protein QKI-6 is a translational repressor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (22): 12605-10. Bibcode:1999PNAS ... 2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. ... QKI belongs to a family of RNA-binding proteins called STAR proteins for Signal Transduction and Activation of RNA. They have ... 2003). "Sam68 RNA binding protein is an in vivo substrate for protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1". Mol. Biol. Cell. 14 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QKI

The NHL repeat has also been used to design a family of fully symmetrical 6-blade beta-propeller proteins called "Pizza". These ... Edwards TA, Wilkinson BD, Wharton RP, Aggarwal AK (October 2003). "Model of the brain tumor-Pumilio translation repressor ... The NHL repeats are also found in serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) in diverse range of pathogenic bacteria. These STPK ... The arthropod 'Brain Tumor' protein (Brat; Q8MQJ9) is one such growth regulator that contains a 6-bladed NHL-repeat beta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHL_repeat

The KRAB domain is a potent repressor of transcription; thus this protein may function in transcription regulation. Two ... Zinc finger protein 160 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ZNF160 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... Halford S, Mattei MG, Daw S, Scambler PJ (Jul 1995). "A novel C2H2 zinc-finger protein gene (ZNF160) maps to human chromosome ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (4): 273-81. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF160

... regulator genes often code for repressor proteins. Repressor proteins bind to operators or promoters, preventing RNA polymerase ... a gene which binds repressor proteins thus inhibiting the translation of RNA to protein via RNA polymerase). In prokaryotes, ... Inducers cause repressor proteins to change shape or otherwise become unable to bind DNA, allowing RNA polymerase to continue ... An example of a regulator gene is a gene that codes for a repressor protein that inhibits the activity of an operator ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator_gene

TFs work alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the ... RAV Cdx protein family DNA-binding protein Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein Mapper(2) Nuclear receptor, a class of ligand ... Pairs of transcription factors and other proteins can play antagonistic roles (activator versus repressor) in the regulation of ... Chadwick LH, Wade PA (April 2007). "MeCP2 in Rett syndrome: transcriptional repressor or chromatin architectural protein?". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor

This protein functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal dominant ... 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957-68. doi: ... AP-2 proteins form homo- or hetero-dimers with other AP-2 family members and bind specific DNA sequences. They are thought to ... Transcription factor AP-2 beta also known as AP2-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFAP2B gene. AP-2 beta is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAP2B

KaiC belongs to a larger family of proteins; it performs autophosphorylation and acts as its own transcriptional repressor. It ... The cyanobacterial clock proteins comprise three proteins: KaiA, KaiB and KaiC. The kaiABC complex may act as a promoter- ... The KaiA protein from Anabaena sp. (strain PCC 7120) lacks the N-terminal CheY-like domain. KaiB adopts an alpha-beta meander ... In both systems the circadian period is dependent on the interactions between proteins within the cell, and when the genes for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacterial_clock_proteins

This protein is likely a transcriptional repressor from the E-box binding factors family TR4/TR2 - These proteins are part of a ... The proteins encoded by the TMPIT proteins are predicted to be transmembrane proteins. However, there is lack of literature to ... It encodes a protein from a family of bacterial proteins with no known function. FHAD1 contains the forkhead-associated domain ... Forkhead-associated domain containing protein 1 (FHAD1) is a protein encoded by the FHAD1 gene. As the name suggests, it has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FHAD1

"Coordinated histone modifications mediated by a CtBP co-repressor complex". Nature. 422 (6933): 735-8. doi:10.1038/nature01550 ... Zinc finger protein 516 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF516 gene. Zinc-finger proteins bind nucleic acids and ... This gene encodes a zinc-finger protein, and belongs to the Krüppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. It may be involved in ... "Entrez Gene: Zinc finger protein 516". Shaffer JR, Feingold E, Wang X, Lee M, Tcuenco K, Weeks DE, Weyant RJ, Crout R, McNeil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger_protein_516

These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and ... Protein SSX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX1 gene. The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly ... "Functional domains of the SYT and SYT-SSX synovial sarcoma translocation proteins and co-localization with the SNF protein BRM ... 1995). "Fusion of SYT to two genes, SSX1 and SSX2, encoding proteins with homology to the Kruppel-associated box in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSX1

These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and ... Protein SSX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX5 gene. The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly ... "The cancer-related protein SSX2 interacts with the human homologue of a Ras-like GTPase interactor, RAB3IP, and a novel nuclear ... protein, SSX2IP". Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 34 (3): 285-98. doi:10.1002/gcc.10073. PMID 12007189. S2CID 11734893. Güre AO, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSX5

These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and ... Protein SSX4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX4 gene. The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode: ... 2002). "The cancer-related protein SSX2 interacts with the human homologue of a Ras-like GTPase interactor, RAB3IP, and a novel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSX4_(gene)

These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and ... SSX family member 6, pseudogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX6 gene. This gene belongs to the family of ... highly homologous synovial sarcoma X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSX6

... has been shown to interact with SKI protein and it is also known to interact with AP-1. NFI-X3 has been shown to interact ... Liu Y, Bernard HU, Apt D (1997). "NFI-B3, a novel transcriptional repressor of the nuclear factor I family, is generated by ... Nuclear factor 1 X-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFIX gene. NFI-X3, a splice variant of NFIX, regulates ... NFIX+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFIX

... a computational tool to investigate protein function, disease, and genetic diversity. Curr Protoc Protein Sci. Vol. chapter 2. ... The E. coli lactose operon repressor LacI (PDB: 1lcc chain A) and E. coli catabolite gene activator (PDB: 3gap chain A) both ... When a sequence motif appears in the exon of a gene, it may encode the "structural motif" of a protein; that is a stereotypical ... For example, many DNA binding proteins that have affinity for specific DNA binding sites bind DNA in only its double-helical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_motif

"Entrez Gene: NOL3 nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain)". Stoss O, Schwaiger FW, Cooper TA, Stamm S (Apr ... Nucleolar protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL3 gene. NOL3 has been shown to interact with SFRS9 and ... "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/ ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOL3

... the encoded protein functions as a potent transcription repressor that binds to sumoylated transcription factors. Its ... Death-associated protein 6 also known as Daxx is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAXX gene. Daxx, a Death domain- ... This protein also associates with centromeres in G2 phase. In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein may function to regulate ... It interacts with a wide variety of proteins, such as apoptosis antigen Fas, centromere protein C, and transcription factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death-associated_protein_6

They exhibit a high degree of protein dynamics, alone or in complex. Several types of catenins work with N-cadherins to play an ... β-catenin becomes a coactivator for TCF and LEF to activate Wnt genes by displacing Groucho and HDAC transcription repressors. ... Catenins are a family of proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells. The first two ... Mutations in genes encoding these proteins can lead to inactivation of cadherin cell adhesions and elimination of contact ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

... phosphorylates ribosomal protein s6, which is involved in protein synthesis; and phosphorylates a translational repressor ... Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ... the E7 protein of Human papillomavirus (HPV), and the B18R protein of vaccinia virus. Reducing IFN-α activity may prevent ... the phosphorylated eIF-2 forms an inactive complex with another protein, called eIF2B, to reduce protein synthesis within the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

PFF1 consists of an origin of replication, oriV, an origin of transfer, oriT, a gene coding for plasmid replication proteins, ... and a set of complementary transcriptional repressor genes, called kor (short for "kil-override") genes, which inactivate the ... 4486-4491 Kolatka K, Witosinska M, Pierechod M, Konieczny I.: "Bacterial partitioning proteins affect the subcellular location ... the TrfA protein, binds to and activates oriV. In Escherichia coli, replication proceeds unidirectionally from oriV after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK2_plasmid

A connector protein dimer (e.g. CTCF or YY1) stabilizes the loop by anchoring one member on the enhancer and the other on the ... These transcription factors have specific activator or repressor sequences of corresponding nucleotides that attach to specific ... The loop is stabilized by a dimer of a connector protein (e.g. dimer of CTCF or YY1), with one member of the dimer anchored to ... The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)

YY1 is a zinc-finger protein that acts as a transcriptional repressor for a wide-variety of genes essential for development and ... Thereafter, one of the strands is incorporated into a multi-protein RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Among these proteins ... encodes a protein which binds to RNA and acts as a chaperone to facilitate and maintain the LINE protein-RNA complex structure ... or can be found within the introns of protein-coding genes. The co-localization of microRNA and protein-coding genes provides a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_interspersed_nuclear_element

MHC-β is a 223 kDa protein composed of 1935 amino acids. MHC-β is a hexameric, asymmetric motor forming the bulk of the thick ... "Concerted regulation of myofiber-specific gene expression and muscle performance by the transcriptional repressor Sox6". ... Harris SP, Lyons RG, Bezold KL (March 2011). "In the thick of it: HCM-causing mutations in myosin binding proteins of the thick ... MHC-β is the major protein comprising the thick filament in cardiac muscle and plays a major role in cardiac muscle contraction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH7

Zinc finger protein GLI2 also known as GLI family zinc finger 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLI2 gene. The ... C-terminal activator and N-terminal repressor regions have been identified in both Gli2 and Gli3. However, the N-terminal part ... Gli2+protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) GLI2+protein,+human at the US National ... The anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 is up regulated by Gli2 and, to a lesser extent, Gli1 - but not Gli3, which may lead to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLI2

... (polycomb repressive complex 2) is one of the two classes of polycomb-group proteins or (PcG). The other component of this ... "Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 in Genomic Instability and Cancer". Int J Mol Sci. 18 (8): 1657. doi:10.3390/ijms18081657. PMC ... PRC1 also mono-ubiquitinates histone H2A on lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub1). These proteins are required for long term epigenetic ... Koehler, Claudia; Hennig, Lars (2010). "Regulation of cell identity by plant Polycomb and trithorax group proteins". Current ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRC2

... the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and the protein FKBP4 (FK506-binding protein 4). The endogenous glucocorticoid hormone ... "Evidence that the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor does not act as a physiologically significant repressor". ... Hulkko SM, Wakui H, Zilliacus J (August 2000). "The pro-apoptotic protein death-associated protein 3 (DAP3) interacts with the ... resides in the cytosol complexed with a variety of proteins including heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor

During transport, translation of oskar is repressed by the RNA-binding protein Bruno, which is in turn released by the binding ... Chekulaeva, Marina; Hentze, Matthias W.; Ephrussi, Anne (2006). "Bruno Acts as a Dual Repressor of oskar Translation, Promoting ... Further, the roles of non-canonical RNA binding proteins in development as well as germ plasm assembly and function are ... After proper localization, oskar RNA is translated and organizes germ plasm by recruiting other proteins such as Vasa. Her ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Ephrussi

Otherwise, CDK4/6 binds cyclin D and forms an active protein complex that phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (pRB). Once ... "Association of p14ARF with the p120E4F transcriptional repressor enhances cell cycle inhibition". The Journal of Biological ... 2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3: 89. doi: ... a type 1 protein-phosphatase-binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (17): 14161-9. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P16

Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 is a transcriptional repressor that in humans is encoded by the GFI1 gene. It is important normal ... "Gfi-1 encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein that binds DNA and functions as a transcriptional repressor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 ( ... GFI1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ... "The zinc finger protein Gfi-1 can enhance STAT3 signaling by interacting with the STAT3 inhibitor PIAS3". EMBO J. 19 (21): 5845 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFI1

... lipoate-protein ligases A, octanoyl-(acyl carrier protein):protein N-octanoyltransferases, and lipoyl-protein:protein N- ... "Escherichia coli biotin holoenzyme synthetase/bio repressor crystal structure delineates the biotin- and DNA-binding domains". ... Lipoyl-protein:protein N-lipoyltransferases, or lipoylamidotransferases, are required for lipoic acid metabolism in some ... Octanoyl-(acyl carrier protein):protein N-octanoyltransferases, or octanoyltransferases, are required for lipoic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_transferase_family

... repressor - repressor protein - respiration (physiology) - restriction enzyme - retinoblastoma protein - retinoic acid receptor ... protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein folding - protein isoform - ... protein P16 - protein P34cdc2 - protein precursor - protein structure prediction - protein subunit - protein synthesis - ... proto-oncogene protein C-kit - proto-oncogene proteins c-abl - proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2 - Proto-oncogene proteins c-fos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

When this protein forms a heterodimer with MafK, it functions as a repressor of Maf recognition element (MARE) and ... Transcription regulator protein BACH1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BACH1 gene. This gene encodes a ... These BTB/POZ domains facilitate protein-protein interactions and formation of homo- and/or hetero-oligomers. The C-terminus of ... BACH1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human BACH1 genome location and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BACH1

... to nuclear receptors induces a conformation of the receptor that preferentially binds coactivator proteins. These proteins ... Klinge CM (May 2000). "Estrogen receptor interaction with co-activators and co-repressors". Steroids. 65 (5): 227-51. doi: ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-1178. Bibcode: ... Additional proteins including RNA polymerase are then recruited to the NR/DNA complex that transcribe DNA into messenger RNA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor

"Tumor suppressor pRB functions as a co-repressor of the CCAAT displacement protein (CDP/cut) to regulate cell cycle controlled ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. It regulates gene expression, ... The human CASP protein is predicted to contain 678 amino acids, of which 400 are shared with CUTL1. CASP protein is ... Cux1 (CUTL1, CDP, CDP/Cux) has been shown to interact with: CREB binding protein, Retinoblastoma protein, and SATB1 These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUTL1

Human genes encoded teneurin domain proteins (TENM1-4) are list in the infoboxes. Tucker RP, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Chevron MP, ... The intracellular domain interacts with the DNA-binding transcriptional repressors and also regulate the activity of ... The name refers to "ten-a" (from "tenascin-like protein, accessory") and "neurons", the primary site of teneurin expression. ... Ten-m refers to tenascin-like protein major. Teneurins are highly conserved between Drosophila, C. elegans and vertebrates. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teneurin

... the repressor of GATA-3 (ROG) early growth response protein 2 (Egr-2) Expression of these transcriptional factors are driven by ... They also express repressor of GATA-3 (ROG), while CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory cells do not. ROG then downregulates GATA-3, a ... LAG-3 is a membrane protein on Tr1 cells that negatively regulates TCR-mediated signal transduction in cells. LAG-3 activates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_regulatory_T_cell

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-interacting protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K7IP2 ... MAP3K7IP2 has been shown to interact with: HDAC3, TAB1, MAP3K7IP3, MAP3K7, NFKB1, NUMBL, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 1, TRAF2 ... "Entrez Gene: MAP3K7IP2 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 interacting protein 2". Thienpont B, Zhang L, Postma AV ... The protein encoded by this gene is an activator of MAP3K7/TAK1, which is required for the IL-1 induced activation of nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP3K7IP2

DNMT3A consists of three major protein domains: the Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro (PWWP) domain, the ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L (ADD) domain and the ... "Dnmt3a binds deacetylases and is recruited by a sequence-specific repressor to silence transcription". The EMBO Journal. 20 (10 ... This protein thus seems to have an inbuilt control mechanism targeting histones only for methylation. Finally, the ... DNMT3A is a 130 kDa protein encoded by 23 exons found on chromosome 2p23 in humans. There exists a 98% homology between human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_(cytosine-5)-methyltransferase_3A

... which codes for tetracycline repressor protein, under control of a constitutive promoter; and the cmr gene for chloramphenicol ... the PTET promoter is repressed by the constitutively expressed tetracycline repressor protein (TetR). Therefore, the presence ... Exo is a globular, trimeric protein that forms a ring shape with a hollow center that positions the linear DNA for cleavage. ... 1998). "The beta protein of phage lambda promotes strand exchange". Journal of Molecular Biology. 276 (4): 733-744. doi:10.1006 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-SCAR_(Scarless_Cas9_Assisted_Recombineering)_Genome_Editing

There are 4 domain categories on the TERF2 protein that allow it to bind to both other proteins in the shelterin protein ... "Nontelomeric splice variant of telomere repeat-binding factor 2 maintains neuronal traits by sequestering repressor element 1- ... TERF2 is also known to recruit certain client proteins, also known as accessory factors. These client proteins are often ... Two other domains also work to bind and influence the activity of proteins associated with the TERF2 protein. Both are unique ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeric_repeat-binding_factor_2

"TATA-binding protein recognition and bending of a consensus promoter are protein species dependent". Biochemistry. 47 (27): ... Interaction of TATA boxes with a variety of activators or repressors can influence the transcription of genes in many ways[ ... TATA-binding protein (TBP) can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for RNA polymerase II, or by TFIID. When promoters ... The archaea protein exhibits a greater symmetry in its primary sequence and in the distribution of electrostatic charge, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TATA_box

... a transcriptional repressor domain that is attached to transcription repressor proteins such as the mSin3A corepressor. Action ... The mSin3 interaction domain (SID) is an interaction domain which is present on several transcriptional repressor proteins ... A 13-Amino Acid Amphipathic α-Helix Is Required for the Functional Interaction between the Transcriptional Repressor Mad1 and ... v t e (Protein domains, All stub articles, Genetics stubs). ... is induced by the interaction of mSin3A with a multi-protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSin3_interaction_domain

Notch target genes are members of the HES and HEY gene families whose protein products can act as transcriptional repressors ... Protein numb homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUMB gene. The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in ... Numb has demonstrated protein-protein interactions with adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1, Mdm2, L1, DPYSL2, SIAH1, ... The encoded protein, whose degradation is induced in a proteasome-dependent manner by MDM2, is a membrane-bound protein that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUMB_(gene)

Timeline for Protein Tetracyclin repressor (Tet-repressor, TetR) from a.121.1.1: Tetracyclin repressor-like, C-terminal domain: ... Tetracyclin repressor (Tet-repressor, TetR), C-terminal domain. *Protein Tetracyclin repressor (Tet-repressor, TetR) from a. ... Lineage for Protein: Tetracyclin repressor (Tet-repressor, TetR). *Root: SCOPe 2.06 *. Class a: All alpha proteins [46456] (289 ... Protein Tetracyclin repressor (Tet-repressor, TetR) from a.121.1.1: Tetracyclin repressor-like, C-terminal domain appears in ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=48500&ver=2.06

The function of YY1 as an activator or a repressor is specified by the presence of other proteins. ... The protein is involved in repressing and activating a diverse number of promoters. YY1 may direct histone deacetylases and ... YY1 is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor belonging to the GLI-Kruppel class of zinc finger proteins. ... Human Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 (YY1) ELISA Kit. Human Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 (YY1) ELISA Kit Views( ...

https://www.abbkine.com/product/human-transcriptional-repressor-protein-yy1-yy1-elisa-kit-kte60006/

The remaining two proteins obtained after HPLC separation were identified as homologues of bacterial repressor-like proteins. ... The remaining two proteins obtained after HPLC separation were identified as homologues of bacterial repressor-like proteins. ... The remaining two proteins obtained after HPLC separation were identified as homologues of bacterial repressor-like proteins. ... The remaining two proteins obtained after HPLC separation were identified as homologues of bacterial repressor-like proteins. ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/isolation-and-structure-of-repressor-like-proteins-from-the-archa

Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism * Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / metabolism * Repressor Proteins / metabolism ... The protein kinases ATM and ATR, as well as their budding yeast orthologs Tel1 and Mec1, act as master regulators of the DDR. ... The initiating events in the DDR entail both DNA lesion recognition and assembly of protein complexes at the damaged DNA sites ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32219379/

Chromatin sampling--an emerging perspective on targeting polycomb repressor proteins. Klose RJ., Cooper S., Farcas AM., ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/432336

Control the expression of structural genes (code for enzymes of the same metabolic pathway) Repressor protein is active when ... Binding of lactose to lac repressor is transient, Repressor now able to bind to operator. Cis (cid:448)s t(cid:396)a(cid:374)s ... BIOB11H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lac Repressor, Lac Operon, Camp Receptor Protein. ... When lactose is present, it binds to repressor and inactivate it. Translation of mrna yields 3 enzymes that convert lactose to ...

https://oneclass.com/class-notes/ca/utsc/bio/biob-11h3/1390600-biob11h3-lecture-9.en.html

Production of Repressor Production of Proteins Assumptions Retrieved from "http://2009.igem.org/Team:Michigan/Modeling" ... Transcription of Repressor: Transcription of Lysozyme and Holin:. Repression of Lysozyme and Holin Transcription ...

https://2009.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Michigan/Modeling&diff=prev&oldid=134499

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRP REPRESSOR OPERATOR COMPLEX AT ATOMIC RESOLUTION ... PROTEIN (TRP REPRESSOR). E [auth A],. F [auth C],. G [auth E],. H [auth G]. 108. Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110. ... Crystal structure of trp repressor/operator complex at atomic resolution.. Otwinowski, Z., Schevitz, R.W., Zhang, R.G., Lawson ... There are no direct hydrogen bonds or non-polar contacts to the bases that can explain the repressors specificity for the ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TRO

The repressor protein Stl obstructs the expression of SaPI proteins Str and Xis, latter which is responsible for mobilization ... The repressor protein Stl obstructs the expression of SaPI proteins Str and Xis, latter which is responsible for mobilization ... Our aim was to predict the binding sites for the Stl repressor within the S. aureus pathogenicity island DNA sequence. We found ... In Vitro Analysis of Predicted DNA-Binding Sites for the Stl Repressor of the Staphylococcus aureus SaPIBov1 Pathogenicity ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27388898/

This protein and LDB1 are co-repressors of LHX1/LIM-1, a homeodomain transcription factor. Multiple alternatively spliced ... ring finger protein 12. ring zinc finger LIM domain binding protein. ring zinc finger protein NY-REN-43antigen. NP_057204.2. * ... E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RLIM. Names. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF12. LIM domain-interacting RING finger protein. R-LIM. ... The protein encoded by this gene is a RING-H2 zinc finger protein. It has been shown to be an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/51132

Erratum: Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1LTR (Science (1481)). ... Dive into the research topics of Erratum: Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1LTR (Science (1481)). ...

https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/erratum-nef-protein-of-hiv-1-is-a-transcriptional-repressor-of-hi/fingerprints/

The bHLH protein SCL/Tal-l interacts with the co-repressor ETO-2 in erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. ... The bHLH protein SCL/Tal-l interacts with the co-repressor ETO-2 in erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. ...

https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/39447

SAP155-mediated splicing of FUSE-binding protein-interacting repressor serves as a molecular switch for c-myc gene expression. ... SAP155-mediated splicing of FUSE-binding protein-interacting repressor serves as a molecular switch for c-myc gene expression. ... SAP155-mediated splicing of FUSE-binding protein-interacting repressor serves as a molecular switch for c-myc gene expression. ... SAP155-mediated splicing of FUSE-binding protein-interacting repressor serves as a molecular switch for c-myc gene expression. ...

https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/publications/sap155-mediated-splicing-of-fuse-binding-protein-interacting-repr

https://www.stemcells.ox.ac.uk/publications/39447

... lac repressor and even nucleosomes. RecBCD did not pause during collisions and often pushed proteins thousands of base pairs ... Protein machineries that move along the DNA, such as DNA polymerases and helicases, will necessarily encounter other bound ... They find that the enzyme is remarkably robust and can push proteins over non-specific sites for thousands of base pairs before ... The translocase is able to push the proteins over nonspecific sites for thousands of base pairs before they are displaced. In ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09561?error=cookies_not_supported&code=57c1658b-87c1-4d55-92f2-3a1b2fce03e4

The MECP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called MeCP2. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. ... Regulation of RNA splicing by the methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG binding protein 2. Proc Natl Acad ... This protein helps regulate gene activity (expression) by modifying chromatin, the complex of DNA and protein that packages DNA ... These changes in DNA alter the structure of the MeCP2 protein or reduce the amount of protein that is produced. As a result, ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/mecp2/

Type : gene with protein product. *Chromosomal location : 1p22.1. *OMIM: 600871. *HGNC: 4237 ... GFI1 - growth factor independent 1 transcriptional repressor. *Synonym(s) : GFI-1, GFI1A ...

https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Genes.php?lng=EN&data_id=16118&MISSING%20CONTENT=growth-factor-independent-1-transcriptional-repressor&search=Disease_Genes_Simple&title=growth%20factor%20independent%201%20transcriptional%20repressor

The involvement of transcriptional repressor proteins in Huntingtons disease. Journal of Medical Genetics 38(Suppl1), pp. S65- ... The involvement of transcriptional repressor proteins in Huntingtons disease. Journal of Medical Genetics 38(Suppl1), pp. S65- ...

https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/357829-harper-peter

Repressor Proteins. 1. 2019. 3061. 0.080. Why? Apoptosis. 2. 2020. 10125. 0.080. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/134551/network/researchareas/details

Repressor Proteins. T. Lu, Aron, L., Zullo, J., Pan, Y., Kim, H., Chen, Y., Yang, T. - H., Kim, H. - M., Drake, D., X Liu, S., ... DNA-Binding Proteins. T. Lu, Aron, L., Zullo, J., Pan, Y., Kim, H., Chen, Y., Yang, T. - H., Kim, H. - M., Drake, D., X Liu, S. ... Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins. T. Lu, Aron, L., Zullo, J., Pan, Y., Kim, H., Chen, Y., Yang, T. - H., Kim, H. - M., Drake, D. ...

https://www.j-alz.com/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=1913&s=keyword&o=desc

GvpE acts as a transcription activator and GvpD as a repressor. The proteins GvpFGHIJKLM are accessory proteins that are ... In addition, the protein-protein interactions of the accessory gas vesicle proteins and GvpA were investigated directly in vivo ... CBDM acted as bait protein and the proteins GvpF to GvpL as prey proteins. Western analyses of the pull-down assay showed that ... To detect protein-protein interactions, the CBDGvp fusion proteins were synthesized together with the putative interaction ...

https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11850/

translation repressor complex +. 0. transporter complex +. 457. troponin complex +. 9. tubulin complex. 1. ... A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable ... Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The ... Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) RatMine GViewer ( ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/annot.html?acc_id=GO:0032991

protein binding. • zinc ion binding. • transcription repressor activity. • protein homodimerization activity. • sequence- ... The FOXP2 protein sequence is highly conserved. Similar FOXP2 proteins can be found in songbirds, fish, and reptiles such as ... E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, L2, M1, N3, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3). ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/FOXP2.html

protein coding gene. Chr8:70359719-70450093 (-). 129S1/SvImJ MGP_129S1SvImJ_G0033684. protein coding gene. Chr8:70135962- ... IPR040386 Transcriptional repressor p66. IPR032346 Transcriptional repressor p66, coiled-coil MBD2-interaction domain ... protein coding gene. Chr8:62112900-62201273 (-). CAST/EiJ MGP_CASTEiJ_G0032698. protein coding gene. Chr8:69320642-69416573 (-) ... protein coding gene. Chr8:69855811-69944163 (-). C57BL/6NJ MGP_C57BL6NJ_G0034180. protein coding gene. Chr8:72804135-72898155 ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2384585

The 23S rRNA gene encodes a component of the 50S ribosome, where bacterial protein synthesis occurs. The C2611T mutation ... The mtrR gene encodes a repressor of a bacterial efflux pump that exports antibiotics, including macrolides, out of the ... decreased ability of azithromycin to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (5). Although the G115A mutation in the mtrR coding ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6018a2.htm?s_cid=mm6018a2_w

Biotin operon repressor , Biotin protein ligase (BPL) , Biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] synthetase , BirA Bifunctional Protein ... The separation and purification of BirA from other cellular proteins was carried out in NiNTA column and Sepharose ...

https://bindingdb.org/rwd/jsp/dbsearch/Summary_itc.jsp?entryid=2360&itc_result_a_b_ab_id=4&energyterm=kcal%2Fmole

Search for predicted protein-protein interactions using: Search term: PSPPH_1393 Search term: repressor protein c2 ... BLASTP search (protein versus protein) against single strain. *BLASTX search (translated nucleotide versus protein) against ... DIAMOND BLASTP search (protein versus protein) against one or more strains (very fast) ... TBLASTN search (protein versus translated nucleotide database) against single strain. *TBLASTX search (translated nucleotide ...

https://www.pseudomonas.com/feature/show?id=1848398

Solution Structure of the zinc finger domain of Transcriptional repressor CTCF protein. ... Protein. Disease. Wilms tumor protein (P19544) (SMART). OMIM:194070: Wilms tumor, type 1 ; Denys-Drash syndrome ; Frasier ... Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing ZnF_C2H2 domain in the ... ORIGINAL SEQUENCE TAKEN FROM THE THIRD ZINC FINGER DOMAIN OF THE HUMAN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR PROTEIN YY1 (YING AND YANG 1, ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=ZnF_C2H2&START=414&END=436&E_VALUE=7.9e-4&TYPE=SMART&BLAST=HKCVECGKAFVNVYSLTRHMTVH

Control the expression of structural genes (code for enzymes of the same metabolic pathway) Repressor protein is active when its translated, will be inactivated when bound to lac. (oneclass.com)
Overall, despite being known as both an activator and as a repressor of its target genes , we found that Rap1 acts as an activator for more target genes than as a repressor. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, we found that Rap1 functions as an activator of ribosomal protein genes and a repressor for HM loci genes consistent with predictions from the literature . (bvsalud.org)
Unexpectedly, we found that Rap1 functions as a repressor of glycolytic enzyme genes contrary to prior reports of it having the opposite effect. (bvsalud.org)
Many of the genes that are known to be regulated by the MeCP2 protein play a role in normal brain function, particularly the maintenance of synapses. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, cells do not have enough MeCP2 protein to bind to DNA and regulate other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of MeCP2 alters the activity of genes that are normally controlled by this protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations that cause PPM-X syndrome lead to the production of a MeCP2 protein that cannot properly interact with DNA or other proteins and so cannot control the expression of genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Here, besides proposing more appropriate reference genes for Arabidopsis expression studies, we also demonstrated the capacity of mass spectrometry-based LFQ to quantify protein abundance and the possibility to extend protein expression studies to the transcript level. (frontiersin.org)
This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that represses neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. (antibodies-online.com)
This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. The encoded hybrid proteins are probably responsible for transforming activity. (origene.com)
As CIC is a transcriptional repressor, it makes sense that capicua levels inversely correlate with expression of the ion channel genes. (ataxia.org)
Dr Young has devoted his life's work to exploring the ways in which circadian rhythms arise from interactions among certain genes and their proteins, which set up molecular oscillations. (medscape.com)
Upon fertilization, the two proteins heterodimerize and translocate to both male and female pronuclei to activate the expression of early zygote-specific genes. (elifesciences.org)
And so what makes an eye cell an eye cell and a skin cell a skin cell is which genes are expressed in that cell, so in the eye cell we have the expression of genes that make certain proteins that are unique to an eye cell and in a skin cell, we have genes that are expressed and they make proteins that are unique to a skin cell. (khanacademy.org)
How do we regulate the expression of genes so that only those proteins that are necessary for the cell get expressed or are made. (khanacademy.org)
Despite similar GATA1 protein levels, exogenous NSD1 but not NSDN1918Q significantly increases the occupancy of GATA1 at target genes and their expression. (inserm.fr)
ttk is expressed as two proteins, p69 and p88, shown previously to bind to the regulatory regions of several segmentation genes. (elsevier.com)
Consistent with previous proposals that the Ttk proteins are transcriptional repressors of segmentation genes, we detected ectopic or increased expression of the segment polarity gene engrailed in several ttk 1 larval tissues. (elsevier.com)
Xiong, WC & Montell, C 1993, ' tramtrack is a transcriptional repressor required for cell fate determination in the Drosophila eye ', Genes & development , vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1085-1096. (elsevier.com)
Scaffold attachment factors are a specific subset of nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) that specifically bind to S/MAR. The encoded protein is thought to serve as a molecular base to assemble a 'transcriptosome complex' in the vicinity of actively transcribed genes. (innov-research.com)
En la inducción enzimática, el sustrato de la enzima inducible se une a la proteína represora, lo que hace que esta se separe del operador y libera los genes estructurales para la transcripción. (bvsalud.org)
En la represión enzimática, el producto final de la secuencia enzimática se une a la proteína represora libre, el complejo que se produce se une entonces al operador e impide la transcripción de los genes estructurales. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS . (bvsalud.org)
MADS-box genes encode proteins that share a highly conservative DNA-binding domain, the MADS domain, which recognizes similar 10-bp A/T-rich DNA sequences, the CArG-box [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In plants, MADS-box genes can be divided into two distinct groups, namely type I and type II lineages: type I MADS-box proteins have no keratin-like (K) domain and only have the MADS (M) domain, whereas type II proteins also possess an intervening (I) domain, a K domain, and a C-terminal region followed by an M domain [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This study aims to study the significance of the FIR-SAP155 interaction for the coordination of c-myc transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and c-Myc protein modification, as well as to interrogate FIRΔexon2 for other functions relating to altered FIR pre-mRNA splicing. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Knockdown of SAP155 or FIR was used to investigate their reciprocal influence on each other and on c-myc transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and protein expression. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Researchers believe that the MeCP2 protein may also be involved in processing molecules called messenger RNA (mRNA), which serve as genetic blueprints for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
By cutting and rearranging mRNA molecules in different ways, the MeCP2 protein controls the production of different versions of certain proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
The effects of endoplasmic stress inducers on resistin mRNA and secreted protein levels were examined in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, focusing on the expression and genomic binding of transcriptional regulators of resistin. (diabetesjournals.org)
Resistin protein was also substantially downregulated, showing a close correspondence with mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in the fat pads of obese mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
ER stress is a potent regulator of resistin, suggesting that ER stress may underlie the local downregulation of resistin mRNA and protein in fat in murine obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
The information for protein synthesis is generally stored in DNA, which is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA), and then translated into a protein. (bostonmolecules.com)
Translation or protein synthesis is a multi-step process that requires a lot of molecules including transfer RNAs (tRNA), amino acids, ATP, GTP and other cofactors to transfer information from mRNA to protein in ribosomes. (bostonmolecules.com)
Protein factors as well as sequences in mRNA are involved in the recognition of the initiation codon and formation of the initiation complex. (bostonmolecules.com)
In previous studies, high levels of expression of Plu-1 mRNA and PLU-1 protein were detected in breast cancers, while expression in normal adult tissues was detected only in the testis, ovary and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female. (ox.ac.uk)
Using in situ hybridisation and immunostaining of testis sections we show that Plu-1 mRNA and PLU-1 protein are both highly expressed in the mitotic spermatogonia. (ox.ac.uk)

Chromatin sampling--an emerging perspective on targeting polycomb repressor proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
This protein helps regulate gene activity (expression) by modifying chromatin, the complex of DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Note: many chromatin-bound proteins are not soluble in a low salt nuclear extract and fractionate to the pellet. (activemotif.com)
This protein is thought to be involved in attaching the base of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix but there is conflicting evidence as to whether this protein is a component of chromatin or a nuclear matrix protein. (innov-research.com)
Transcription is regulated at various levels by activators and repressors and also by chromatin structure in eukaryotes. (bostonmolecules.com)
SPEN protein expression and interactions with chromatin in mouse testicular cells SPEN (spen family transcription repressor) is a nucleic acid-binding protein putatively involved in repression. (embies.com)
We also found that PLU-1 localises diffusely over the nucleus, which indicates a potential chromatin binding ability of this protein. (ox.ac.uk)
Our data point to a role for PLU-1 in meiotic transcription, which may be restricted to certain meiotic stages and may be mediated by the ability of this protein to associate with the chromatin. (ox.ac.uk)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the TF with the greatest number of putative regulatory targets is the essential gene Repressor Activator Protein 1 (RAP1). (bvsalud.org)
XV" YOL105C 1 15 18 YOL105C "Putative integral membrane protein containing novel cysteine motif. (davidson.edu)
PLU-1, a transcriptional repressor and putative testis-cancer antigen, has a specific expression and localisation pattern during meiosis. (ox.ac.uk)

These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. (origene.com)
Deletion of either ROX1 transcriptional repressor or CTH1 and CTH2 post-transcriptional repressors of ERG1 expression led to an increase in Erg1 protein levels and terbinafine resistance. (fecyt.es)

These mutations either change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the MeCP2 protein or create a premature stop signal in the instructions for making the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. (genome.gov)
The tetramerization domain is located between amino acids 326 and 89, and is structurally similar to the sterile α-motif protein-protein interaction domain ( 24 , 25 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during protein folding, and the function of the protein. (lecturio.com)

Peptides and proteins are guaranteed for 3 months from date of receipt. (novusbio.com)

The function of YY1 as an activator or a repressor is specified by the presence of other proteins. (abbkine.com)
Genome-wide gene expression responses to experimental manipulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor activator protein 1 (Rap1) expression level. (bvsalud.org)
To find the transcription activator, you make a DNA probe to bind the protein. (dnaftb.org)
The activator binds to the promoter to turn on protein production. (dnaftb.org)
Therefore, a probe made from this sequence will isolate the activator from other proteins in the cell. (dnaftb.org)
We have demonstrated that Slx and Sly are both involved in the epigenetic regulation of XY gene expression during spermiogenesis, but with overall opposite effects: Slx is an activator while Sly is a repressor of XY gene expression. (europa.eu)

MAF1 that is similar to Maf1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein is a protein highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and is localized to the nucleus. (novusbio.com)

Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)

Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release. (bvsalud.org)

protein_coding" "AAC73969","clpA","Escherichia coli","ATPase and specificity subunit of ClpA-ClpP ATP-dependent serine protease, chaperone activity [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)

For your convenience, an IgG version (Catalog No. 39883) of this antibody that was purified by Protein G Chromatography is also available. (activemotif.com)
Renowned as the #1 antibody event in the industry, this year's agenda boasts 15 dedicated topic streams, 3 unmissable training course add-on options and will bring together more than 700 of the antibody and protein community. (cshlpress.org)

The FOXP2 protein sequence is highly conserved. (bionity.com)
Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the transcription of the c locus is autoregulated possibly by the 42-kDa protein binding to a highly conserved 16-bp perfect inverted repeat. (elsevier.com)

involved PARs cyanide via G effectiveness histone( 4) and via the metabolism: system fructose of the G-protein( 5). (erik-mill.de)

The initiating events in the DDR entail both DNA lesion recognition and assembly of protein complexes at the damaged DNA sites. (nih.gov)
We show that the DNA translocase RecBCD can disrupt core RNA polymerase, holoenzymes, stalled elongation complexes and transcribing RNA polymerases in either head-to-head or head-to-tail orientations, as well as EcoRI E111Q , lac repressor and even nucleosomes. (nature.com)
4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). (mcw.edu)
HDAC2 also forms transcriptional repressor complexes containing, among others, HDAC1 or RBBP4. (activemotif.com)
1 Contreras-Moreira B. 3D-footprint: a database for the structural analysis of protein-DNA complexes. (csic.es)
A novel protein call AnkA in A. phagocytophilum is translocated from the bacterium within a host vacuole into the host nucleus, where it forms complexes with heterochromatin and is largely responsible for many host transcriptional changes by directly binding to regulatory regions of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
Members of this family of proteins are often found associated with histone-modifying enzymes and protein complexes that regulate gene expression. (musc.edu)

The MHC class III region encodes heat shock proteins of the 70kDa family. (cdc.gov)
This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein which has high specificity for scaffold or matrix attachment region DNA elements (S/MAR DNA). (innov-research.com)

Boston Molecules is a leading provider of comprehensive, high quality recombinant protein services. (bostonmolecules.com)
With extensive training from world-renown enzymology laboratory and crystallography laboratory, scientists in Boston Molecules provide customers with highly purified, properly folded (including ion optimized and disulfide bond correctly positioned) recombinant protein production services. (bostonmolecules.com)

When lactose is present, it binds to repressor and inactivate it. (oneclass.com)
You already know that the signal binds to a receptor in the cell membrane, and this signal causes protein production. (dnaftb.org)
No, an operator binds a repressor. (dnaftb.org)

Regulatory gene encode for regulatory protein which interact operator sequence. (oneclass.com)
Nitrogen regulatory protein P-II [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
A family of endogenous regulatory proteins that associate with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN via a specific high-affinity binding domain. (musc.edu)

Full length human recombinant protein of human SSX1 (NP_005626) produced in E.coli. (origene.com)
We offer a variety of recombinant protein expression and purification services from gene to protein to crystallography. (bostonmolecules.com)
Developing biologically active recombinant protein is a challenge to many researchers in both academia and industry. (bostonmolecules.com)

This binding leads to altered eukaryotic histone structure and the potential recruitment of some transcriptional activators or repressors to multiple loci in the myeloid cell chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

The resulting changes in gene regulation and protein production in the brain lead to abnormal neuronal function. (medlineplus.gov)
High expression of LSF in cervical cancer HPV‑positive cells suggests that this protein may be important in the regulation of TSG101 expression, as well as in cervical carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The TSG101 protein is involved in a variety of important biological functions, such as ubiquitination, transcriptional regulation, endosomal trafficking, virus budding, proliferation and cell survival ( 4 - 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Lysine N-ε-acetylation is a dynamic, reversible and tightly regulated protein and histone modification that plays a major role in regulation of gene expression in various cellular functions. (activemotif.com)
Using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene disruption of the epigenetic co-repressor protein Trim28, we found a dynamic H3K9me3-dependent regulation of ERVs in proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but not in adult neurons. (lu.se)
It is involved in the regulation of heat shock protein 27 transcription, can act as an estrogen receptor co-repressor and is a candidate for breast tumorigenesis. (innov-research.com)
Eukaryotic gene expression can be regulated by several processes, including transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, translational regulation, and protein processing and degradation. (biointeractive.org)

Our aim was to predict the binding sites for the Stl repressor within the S. aureus pathogenicity island DNA sequence. (nih.gov)
These sequences represent the protein coding region of the Yy1 cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)
After you remove the protein and run the DNA on a gel, you find that the promoter sequence is C T G T T C. What does your footprinting gel look like? (dnaftb.org)

We conclude that RecBCD overwhelms obstacles through direct transduction of chemomechanical force with no need for specific protein-protein interactions, and that proteins can be removed from DNA through active disruption mechanisms that act on a transition state intermediate as they are pushed from one nonspecific site to the next. (nature.com)
No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)

Protein kinase A-induced phosphorylation of Sox9 enhances Sox9-dependent transcription by increasing the DNA-binding aﬃnity of Sox9. (heightquest.com)

Separately, the unknown contigs were also translated using all possible open reading frames and subsequently processed with SUPERFAMILY version 1.75 ( 13 ) to identify potential homologies with known proteins. (cdc.gov)

Reverse phase HPLC of an apparently homogeneous Sso7c protein fraction from Mono S chromatography resulted in resolution of three further peaks. (elsevier.com)
The separation and purification of BirA from other cellular proteins was carried out in NiNTA column and Sepharose chromatography steps. (bindingdb.org)
Recombinant human MAF1 protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E.coli and purified by using conventional chromatography. (novusbio.com)

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. (mcw.edu)

These enzymes catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues of histones and other cellular proteins. (activemotif.com)

infected bisecting proteins re-enter endosomal body chains to promote with the SAMM50 regulator and extracellular plasma metazoans to have with the TIMM22 superpathway. (erik-mill.de)

Purification of a translational repressor. (ncsu.edu)
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)

Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. (mcw.edu)

The nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) is recurrently mutated in human cancers including acute leukemia. (inserm.fr)
We also demonstrate that expression of LBD16-SRDX, a dominant repressor of LBD16/ASL18 and its related LBD/ASLs, does not interfere in the specification of LR founder cells with local activation of the auxin response, but it blocks the polar nuclear migration in LR founder cells before ACD, thereby blocking the subsequent LR initiation. (biologists.com)
XIII" YMR047C 3 13 3 YMR047C "Nuclear pore complex protein that is member of GLFG repeat-containing family of nucleoporins and is,XIII" YMR049C 3 13 4 YMR049C "Ymr049cp,XIII" YMR051C 3 13 5 YMR051C "TyA Gag protein. (davidson.edu)
PLU-1, a large multi-domain nuclear protein with strong transcriptional repression activity, is a member of the ARID family of DNA binding proteins. (ox.ac.uk)

Binding of lactose to lac repressor is transient, Repressor now able to bind to operator. (oneclass.com)
They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. (embl.de)
Second, the Cas9 protein requires a short protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) in order to bind to the target DNA ( Figure 2 ). (sigmaaldrich.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a RING-H2 zinc finger protein. (nih.gov)

If a signaling pathway results in protein synthesis, the last molecule in the signaling pathway is. (dnaftb.org)
However, in eukaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation are spatially separated and occur sequentially with transcription happening in the nucleus and translation, or protein synthesis, occurring in the cytoplasm. (bostonmolecules.com)
Although there are some particular differences existed, the overall process of protein synthesis is similar in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes with three stages of initiation, elongation and termination. (bostonmolecules.com)
synthesis VI is the most PLK1 s expression signaling circulation browser, an migration defined from its breast with the FcRI protein pro-IL1B. (erik-mill.de)

It has been shown to be an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that targets LIM domain binding 1 (LDB1/CLIM), and causes proteasome-dependent degradation of LDB1. (nih.gov)

Three major in vitro RNA species were synthesized which correspond to in vivo maize rbcL RNAs with 5' termini positioned 300, 100 to 105, and 63 nucleotides upstream of the protein-coding region. (ncsu.edu)
Here we conducted a genome-wide analysis of MADS-box proteins from 29 species. (biomedcentral.com)

The protein kinases ATM and ATR, as well as their budding yeast orthologs Tel1 and Mec1, act as master regulators of the DDR. (nih.gov)

The primary microRNA-208b interacts with Polycomb-group protein, Ezh2, to regulate gene expression in the heart. (genscript.com)

Future examination of the interaction between Stl and its binding sites in vivo will provide a molecular explanation for the mechanisms of gene repression and gene activation exerted simultaneously by the Stl protein in regulating transfer of the SaPIbov1 pathogenicity island in S. aureus. (nih.gov)
Human LSF is a 502-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of ~57 kDa ( 24 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Voiceover] So, hopefully by now you're familiar with the central dogma of molecular biology that tells us that DNA makes RNA in a process known as transcription and RNA makes protein in a process known as translation. (khanacademy.org)
Basically, Nurit and I were skeptical, because we know a lot about repressors, and ubiquitous repressors in particular, and from a molecular biology standpoint, it just didn't make a lot of sense to us that MECP2 would be excluded from glia. (wordpress.com)

In this study, we employed mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification (LFQ) in proteomic analyses to identify those proteins with abundances unaffected by Pst DC3000 infection. (frontiersin.org)
In parallel, we have also developed co-immunoprecipitation assays followed by mass spectrometry analyses to identify SLY protein partners. (europa.eu)

Human Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 (YY1) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human YY1. (abbkine.com)

Yin Yang 1 is a repressor of glutamate transporter EAAT2, and it mediates manganese-induced decrease of EAAT2 expression in astrocytes. (genscript.com)

Thus, the existence of repressor-like proteins was demonstrated at the protein level in archaea, raising the question of structural and functional consequences of these proteins on the otherwise eukaryotic-like basal transcriptional machinery in archaea. (elsevier.com)

No mass spectrometry results found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)

In the brain, the MeCP2 protein is important for the function of several types of cells, including nerve cells (neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
The protein likely plays a role in maintaining connections (synapses) between neurons, where cell-to-cell communication occurs. (medlineplus.gov)
In the brain, the alternative splicing of proteins is critical for normal communication between neurons and may also be necessary for the function of other types of brain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the MECP2 gene may also disrupt alternative splicing of proteins critical for communication between neurons. (medlineplus.gov)
Ataxin-1 protein is expressed throughout the entire brain, however, toxicity (cell death and problems) is mainly restricted to neurons of the cerebellum and brainstem. (ataxia.org)
This phenomenon is called "selective vulnerability" and refers to disorders in which a restricted group of neurons degenerate, despite widespread expression of the disease protein. (ataxia.org)

Strikingly, heat shock protein and MHC class III region were elevated 10-fold in BeSO4. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes61

Information Science3

The surface ectoderm is essential for nephric duct formation in intermediate mesoderm. (1/21399)

Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (2/21399)

Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (3/21399)

Sonic hedgehog signaling by the patched-smoothened receptor complex. (4/21399)

Four dimers of lambda repressor bound to two suitably spaced pairs of lambda operators form octamers and DNA loops over large distances. (5/21399)

C-myc overexpression and p53 loss cooperate to promote genomic instability. (6/21399)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (7/21399)

The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis. (8/21399)

Repressor Proteins

Operator Regions, Genetic

Lac Repressors

Molecular Sequence Data

Transcription Factors

DNA-Binding Proteins

Base Sequence

Bacterial Proteins

Operon

Isopropyl Thiogalactoside

Transcription, Genetic

Escherichia coli

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Amino Acid Sequence

Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins

Protein Binding

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Binding Sites

Genes, Regulator

Plasmids

Mutation

Escherichia coli Proteins

DNA, Bacterial

DNA

Lysogeny

Lac Operon

Zinc Fingers

Genes, Bacterial

Bacteriophage lambda

Cloning, Molecular

Gene Expression Regulation

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Nuclear Proteins

Lactose

DNA Footprinting

Histone Deacetylases

Enzyme Repression

Viral Proteins

Trans-Activators

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Tetracycline

RNA, Messenger

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

Restriction Mapping

Coliphages

Consensus Sequence

Deoxyribonuclease I

Two-Hybrid System Techniques

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Genes, Reporter

Dimerization

Cell Line

Protein Biosynthesis

Carrier Proteins

Drosophila Proteins

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Protein Conformation

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

beta-Galactosidase

Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

Transfection

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

Sequence Alignment

Homeodomain Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Models, Molecular

Cell Nucleus

Recombinant Proteins

HeLa Cells

Models, Genetic

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Kinetics

Transcriptional Activation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

RNA-Binding Proteins

Gene Silencing

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Alcohol Oxidoreductases

Drosophila