Any DNA sequence capable of independent replication or a molecule that possesses a REPLICATION ORIGIN and which is therefore potentially capable of being replicated in a suitable cell. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
A genus of TOGAVIRIDAE, also known as Group A arboviruses, serologically related to each other but not to other Togaviridae. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the SINDBIS VIRUS.
A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines. It is seen most commonly in parts of Central and South America.
Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
A unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA REPLICATION is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally. It contains the sites where the first separation of the complementary strands occurs, a primer RNA is synthesized, and the switch from primer RNA to DNA synthesis takes place. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which comprises a number of viral species that are the etiologic agents of human encephalitis in many different geographical regions. These include Japanese encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, MURRAY VALLEY), and WEST NILE VIRUS.
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)
The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Plasmids encoding bacterial exotoxins (BACTERIOCINS).
The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.
The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. (1/1244)

Noncytopathic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin (KUN) were employed for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. Replicon vector C20DX2Arep, containing a unique cloning site followed by the sequence of 2A autoprotease of foot-and-mouth disease virus, was constructed and used for expression of a number of heterologous genes including chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), green fluorescent protein (GFP), beta-galactosidase, glycoprotein G of vesicular stomatitis virus, and the Core and NS3 genes of hepatitis C virus. The expression and proper processing of these genes upon transfection of BHK21 cells with the recombinant replicon RNAs were demonstrated by immunofluorescence, radioimmunoprecipitation, and appropriate reporter gene assays. Most of these recombinant KUN replicon RNAs were also successfully packaged into secreted virus-like particles (VLPs) by subsequent transfection with Semliki Forest virus replicon RNA expressing KUN structural genes. Infection of BHK21 and Vero cells with these VLPs resulted in continuous replication of the recombinant replicon RNAs and prolonged expression of the cloned genes without any cytopathic effect. We also developed a replicon vector for generation of stable cell lines continuously expressing heterologous genes by inserting an encephalomyelocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site-neomycin transferase gene cassette into the 3'-untranslated region of the C20DX2Arep vector. Using this vector (C20DX2ArepNeo), stable BHK cell lines persistently expressing GFP and CAT genes for up to 17 passages were established. Thus noncytopathic KUN replicon vectors with the ability to be packaged into VLPs should provide a useful tool for the development of noninfectious and noncytopathic vaccines as well as for gene therapy applications.  (+info)

Replication regions from plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae plasmids are similar to ColE2-related replicons. (2/1244)

Many strains of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae contain mutually compatible plasmids that share extensive regions of sequence homology and essential replication determinants. The replication regions of two compatible large plasmids involved in virulence or pathogenicity, pPT23A from P. syringae pv. tomato strain PT23 and pAV505 from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola strain HRI1302A, were isolated. DNA sequencing of the origins of replication revealed homologous ORFs, designated ORF-Pto and ORF-Pph, respectively. Both ORFs are 1311 bp long and encode peptides of 437 amino acids with predicted molecular masses of 48259 (Pto) and 48334 (Pph) Da. Expression of the two ORFs in Escherichia coli produced peptides of 50 kDa (Pto) and 56 kDa (Pph). The predicted peptides showed an overall identity of 897 %, being highly conserved from residues 1 to 373, but showing considerable variation in their C-terminal regions (50% identity over the last 64 aa). The two ORFs had significant similarity with the putative replication protein from plasmid pTiK12 of Thiobacillus intermedius and other CoIE2-related plasmids. However, both peptides were 100 residues longer than any of the known CoIE2-related rep sequences. Subcloning of fragments from the replication region of pPT23A revealed the presence of at least three incompatibility determinants, designated IncA, IncB and IncC. Partial sequencing of the region downstream of ORF-Pto revealed homology to the ru/AB genes, involved in UV resistance, from plasmid pPSR1. It is proposed that the replication origin of pPT23A serves as the prototype of a family of related plasmids.  (+info)

Plant cell-directed control of virion sense gene expression in wheat dwarf virus. (3/1244)

We have used particle bombardment (biolistics) to deliver replication-competent wheat dwarf virus (WDV)-based constructs, carrying reporter gene sequences fused to the virion sense promoter (Pv) or the CaMV 35S promoter, to suspension culture cells and immature zygotic embryos of wheat. While the replication of WDV double-stranded DNA forms (replicons) was equivalent between wheat suspension culture cells and embryos, GUS reporter gene activity was 20-40 times higher in the embryo cultures. Maximum expression of WDV replicons occurred in the embryonic axis tissue of wheat embryos but their expression in suspension cells was compromised, compared with transiently maintained input plasmid DNA containing the same sequences. From these studies, we propose that WDV replicons are subject to a host cell-controlled competency for virion sense transcription. The term competency is used to distinguish between the phenomenon described here and control of gene expression by specific transcription factors. Control of competency is independent of Pv, the replacement 35S promoter and of the complementary sense control of virion sense expression involving specific sequences in Pv. We propose that factors controlling the competency for replicon expression may be present in cells which, as well as maintaining high rates of DNA synthesis, are totipotent. Cell type control of active chromatin, methylation of specific sequences in WDV minichromosomes and/or interaction of virus-encoded proteins with specific host factors are considered as possible mechanisms.  (+info)

Target joining of duplicated insertion sequence IS21 is assisted by IstB protein in vitro. (4/1244)

Tandemly repeated insertion sequence IS21, located on a suicide plasmid, promoted replicon fusion with bacteriophage lambda in vitro in the presence of ATP. This reaction was catalyzed in a cell extract containing the 45-kDa IstA protein (cointegrase) and the 30-kDa IstB helper protein of IS21 after both proteins had been overproduced in Escherichia coli. Without IstB, replicon fusion was inefficient and did not produce the 4-bp target duplications typical of IS21.  (+info)

Enhanced measles virus cDNA rescue and gene expression after heat shock. (5/1244)

Rescue of negative-stranded RNA viruses from full-length genomic cDNA clones is an essential technology for genetic analysis of this class of viruses. Using this technology in our studies of measles virus (MV), we found that the efficiency of the measles virus rescue procedure (F. Radecke et al., EMBO J. 14:5773-5784, 1995) could be improved by modifying the procedure in two ways. First, we found that coculture of transfected 293-3-46 cells with a monolayer of Vero cells increased the number of virus-producing cultures about 20-fold. Second, we determined that heat shock treatment increased the average number of transfected cultures that produced virus another two- to threefold. In addition, heat shock increased the number of plaques produced by positive cultures. The effect of heat shock on rescue led us to test the effect on transient expression from an MV minireplicon. Heat shock increased the level of reporter gene expression when either minireplicon DNA or RNA was used regardless of whether complementation was provided by cotransfection with expression plasmids or infection with MV helper virus. In addition, we found that MV minireplicon gene expression could be stimulated by cotransfection with an Hsp72 expression plasmid, indicating that hsp72 likely plays a role in the effect of heat shock.  (+info)

Selection of RNA replicons capable of persistent noncytopathic replication in mammalian cells. (6/1244)

The natural life cycle of alphaviruses, a group of plus-strand RNA viruses, involves transmission to vertebrate hosts via mosquitoes. Chronic infections are established in mosquitoes (and usually in mosquito cell cultures), but infection of susceptible vertebrate cells typically results in rapid shutoff of host mRNA translation and cell death. Using engineered Sindbis virus RNA replicons expressing puromycin acetyltransferase as a dominant selectable marker, we identified mutations allowing persistent, noncytopathic replication in BHK-21 cells. Two of these adaptive mutations involved single-amino-acid substitutions in the C-terminal portion of nsP2, the viral helicase-protease. At one of these loci, nsP2 position 726, numerous substitution mutations were created and characterized in the context of RNA replicons and infectious virus. Our results suggest a direct correlation between the level of viral RNA replication and cytopathogenicity. This work also provides a series of alphavirus replicons for noncytopathic gene expression studies (E. V. Agapov, I. Frolov, B. D. Lindenbach, B. M. Pragai, S. Schlesinger, and C. M. Rice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:12989-12994, 1998) and a general strategy for selecting RNA viral mutants adapted to different cellular environments.  (+info)

Evidence that a single replication fork proceeds from early to late replicating domains in the IgH locus in a non-B cell line. (7/1244)

In non-B cell lines, like the murine erythroleukemia cell line (MEL), the most distal IgH constant region gene, C alpha, replicates early in S; other heavy chain constant region genes, joining and diversity segments, and the most proximal Vh gene replicate successively later in S in a 3' to 5' direction proportional to their distance from C alpha. In MEL, replication forks detected in the IgH locus also proceed in the same 3' to 5' direction for approximately 400 kb, beginning downstream of the IgH 3' regulatory region and continuing to the D region, as well as within the Vh81X gene. Downstream of the initiation region is an early replicating domain, and upstream of Vh81X is a late replicating domain. Hence, the gradual transition between early and late replicated domains can be achieved by a single replication fork.  (+info)

Replication mechanism and sequence analysis of the replicon of pAW63, a conjugative plasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis. (8/1244)

A 5.8-kb fragment of the large conjugative plasmid pAW63 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD73 containing all the information for autonomous replication was cloned and sequenced. By deletion analysis, the pAW63 replicon was reduced to a 4.1-kb fragment harboring four open reading frames (ORFs). Rep63A (513 amino acids [aa]), encoded by the largest ORF, displayed strong similarity (40% identity) to the replication proteins from plasmids pAMbeta1, pIP501, and pSM19035, indicating that the pAW63 replicon belongs to the pAMbeta1 family of gram-positive theta-replicating plasmids. This was confirmed by the facts that no single-stranded DNA replication intermediates could be detected and that replication was found to be dependent on host-gene-encoded DNA polymerase I. An 85-bp region downstream of Rep63A was also shown to have strong similarity to the origins of replication of pAMbeta1 and pIP501, and it is suggested that this region contains the bona fide pAW63 ori. The protein encoded by the second large ORF, Rep63B (308 aa), was shown to display similarity to RepB (34% identity over 281 aa) and PrgP (32% identity over 310 aa), involved in copy control of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmids pAD1 and pCF10, respectively. No significant similarity to known proteins or DNA sequences could be detected for the two smallest ORFs. However, the location, size, hydrophilicity, and orientation of ORF6 (107 codons) were analogous to those features of the putative genes repC and prgO, which encode stability functions on plasmids pAD1 and pCF10, respectively. The cloned replicon of plasmid pAW63 was stably maintained in Bacillus subtilis and B. thuringiensis and displayed incompatibility with the native pAW63. Hybridization experiments using the cloned replicon as a probe showed that pAW63 has similarity to large plasmids from other B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strains and to a strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. alesti.  (+info)

This Application Note shows how the Dual luciferase assay can help to assess the Replication of the Hepatitis C Virus subgenomic replicon. Read more.
The recently developed subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicons were limited by the fact the fact that series encoding the structural proteins was missing. contaminants, we pointed out that these cells discharge substantial levels of nuclease-resistant HCV RNA-containing buildings using a buoyant thickness of just one 1.04 to at least one 1.1 g/ml in iodixanol gradients. The same observation was manufactured in transient-replication assays using a geniune extremely modified full-length HCV genome that does not have heterologous sequences. Nevertheless, the actual fact that equivalent levels of such RNA-containing buildings were within the supernatant of cells holding subgenomic replicons demonstrates a non-specific discharge in addition to the presence from the structural protein. These results claim that Huh-7 cells lack host cell factors that are important for computer virus particle assembly and/or release. The hepatitis C computer virus (HCV) was identified as the causative agent for ...
The JFH1 replicon was less sensitive to CsA than were genotype 1b replicons.We compared the sensitivity of HCV replication to CsA in several subgenomic replicon cells. We used MH-14 (NN/1b/SG) and #50-1 (NN/1b/SG) cells carrying subgenomic replicons with HCV NN strain (15, 29), SN1 (Con1/1b/SG) cells carrying the Con1 subgenomic replicon (18), and sO (O/1b/SG) cells bearing the subgenomic O strain (12) as genotype 1b replicon-containing cells. We also employed JFH1#4-1 (JFH1/2a/SG) and JFH1#2-3 (JFH1/2a/SG) cell clones carrying the JFH1 subgenomic replicon (13). Treatment of CsA (1 μg/ml; 7 days) drastically decreased HCV RNA in all the subgenomic replicon cells carrying the HCV genotype 1b strain. HCV RNA levels in SN1 (Con1/1b/SG), MH-14 (NN/1b/SG), sO (O/1b/SG), and #50-1 (NN/1b/SG) cells decreased to 1/134, 1/219, 1/128, and 1/295, respectively (Fig. 3A). Genotype 1b replicon cells appeared highly sensitive to CsA. In contrast, the effect of CsA on HCV RNA levels in replicon cells ...
Subgenomic replicons of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been widely used for studying HCV replication. Here, we report a new subgenomic replicon based on a strain isolated from a chronically infected pat
In this study we developed a novel highly adapted HCV replicon that harbors two synergistic mutations in NS3 and one in NS5A. The ECF of this RNA was ∼5 × 105 CFU per μg of RNA, which is ∼20-fold higher than that of the best-adapted replicon we described recently (29). By analyzing this and several other HCV RNAs that differed with respect to their levels of cell culture adaptation, we found a clear correlation between the ECF and RNA replication as determined by two different transient-transfection assays. These results demonstrate that cell culture-adaptive mutations increase RNA replication. They also provide an explanation of how adaptive replicons are generated. As shown with the parental replicon carrying the luciferase gene, this nonadapted RNA replicated only transiently and at a low level in transfected cells. During this time, mutations must have been generated by the viral RNA polymerase that in a few instances were adaptive. By increasing the level of RNA replication, cells ...
Despite the availability of cloned infectious genomes (5), molecular studies of HCV replication and the development of antiviral drugs have been hampered by the low efficiencies of currently available cell culture systems and by the fact that the only animal model is the chimpanzee. Thus, to date, research on HCV replication has depended largely on the infection of cell lines or primary cell cultures with sera and the detection of viral replicative intermediates with the highly sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (6).. To overcome these limitations, we established an efficient cell culture system that is based on the transfection of cloned viral consensus genome sequences. Owing to the high amount of HCV RNA, we used as starting material for cloning total liver RNA isolated from a chronically infected patient who had undergone liver transplantation (7). Using long-distance RT-PCR, we amplified the complete ORF in two overlapping fragments. Several clones of each ...
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Described in this unit are protocols for evaluation of new chemical entities for activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) using HCV replicon systems
The research for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has long delayed by missing of ,i,in vitro,/i, culture system. Since the development of replicon system, a replication system of subgenomic HCV RNAs in a hepatoma cell line, has been reported, many virological and clinical findings have been discovered. Recently, in addition of subgenomic replication system, hepatitis C virus full-length RNA replication has been possible, and a few cell culture systems producing viral particles have been produced. These developments enabled us to investigate the life cycle or intracellular circumstance of HCV production. By screening of newly synthesized drugs with this replicon system, several possible medicines have been established and clinical researches are now running. Among them, VX950 and SCH503034 are nearest to clinical use. Other possible agents for reducing viral replication such as cyclophyllin inhibitors, inhibitors of sphingomyelin synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ...
Interferon alpha (IFN-α) binds to a cell surface receptor that activates the Jak-Stat signaling pathway. A critical component of this pathway is the translocation of interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (a complex of three proteins Stat1, Stat2 and IRF9) to the nucleus to activate antiviral genes. A stable sub-genomic replicon cell line resistant to IFN-α was developed in which the nuclear translocation of Stat1 and Stat2 proteins was prevented due to the lack of phosphorylation; whereas the nuclear translocation of IRF9 protein was not affected. In this study, we sought to overcome defective Jak-Stat signaling and to induce an antiviral state in the IFN-α resistant replicon cell line by developing a chimera IRF9 protein fused with the trans activating domain (TAD) of either a Stat1 (IRF9-S1C) or Stat2 (IRF9-S2C) protein. We show here that intracellular expression of fusion proteins using the plasmid constructs of either IRF9-S1C or IRF9-S2C, in the IFN-α resistant cells, resulted in an increase in
Video created by Technical University of Denmark (DTU) for the course Whole genome sequencing of bacterial genomes - tools and applications. Whole genome sequencing tools- demonstration of analysis tools for Serotyping of Salmonella and ...
Keywords: Adjuvant, dendritic cell, replicon, alphavirus Intro Vaccines possess been effective at restricting and actually eliminating many illnesses enormously, however methods that had been effectively utilized to develop existing vaccines possess frequently been insufficient to induce protecting defenses with fresh vaccine applicants. For this good reason, fresh approaches and tools are required for the following generation of vaccines. In the advancement of fresh vaccines, dendritic cell (DC) service and antigen subscriber base are main goals, for these cells are central mediators of the hyperlink between natural and adaptive defenses and therefore possess the capability to highly enhance the degree of an immune system response [1, 2]. A past example of a effective DC-targeting vaccine can be the orange fever vaccine extremely, in which an attenuated orange fever disease infects DCs in human beings, causing powerful defenses [3]. To attain service of DCs that will potently enhance an immune ...
Polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing represents a novel method to describe the dissemination and follow the evolution of resistance plasmids. We used this approach to study 26 epidemiologically unrelated Enterobacteriaceae and demonstrate the dominance of incompatibility (Inc) A/C or Inc N-related plasmids carrying some emerging resistance determinants to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems.
POSTDOCTORAL POSITIONS IN VIRAL RNA REPLICATION, GENE EXPRESSION AND VIRUS-HOST INTERACTIONS Creative, highly motivated researchers are sought for postdoctoral positions studying the functions and interactions of viral and host factors in RNA replication, gene expression, and related events in positive-strand RNA viruses. Unique opportunities to identify and study relevant host factors are available through our demonstration that bromovirus and nodavirus RNA replicons can replicate and express foreign genes in yeast, allowing the use of powerful yeast genetics to identify pertinent host genes and to greatly facilitate other experiments (Janda and Ahlquist [1993] Cell 72:961-970; Quadt et al. [1995] PNAS 92:4892-4896; Price et al. (1996) PNAS 93:9465-9470). Bromoviruses and nodaviruses are well-studied viruses with excellent genetic and biochemical resources for in vivo and in vitro studies of fundamental replication mechanisms. Significant opportunities are available in several areas of ...
The PBRT system is a PCR-based assay that allows fast and easy plasmid characterization and molecular identification. Find more information about this product
FreshBooks vs Replicon TimeBill - See how these Accounting software products stack up against each other with real user reviews, product feature comparisons and screenshots. Find out which one is best for your organization.
Single-stranded RNA replicon vector, for reprogramming somatic cells to iPS cells with high efficiency, in a single transfection step.
PPI-383, identified through an extensive medicinal chemistry effort, exhibits EC50s of 8.3 and 2.2 nM in HCV 1a and 1b replicon assays, respectively. PPI-383 is also active against other major HCV genotypes (2a, 3a and 4a) in stable replicon cell assays (EC50s of 4.4-11.7 nM). The selection of PPI-383 underscores Presidios continued commitment to generate best-in-class compounds for treating HCV, commented Dr. Colonno, who added, It is an excellent complement to our lead NS5A inhibitor, PPI-668, currently completing Phase 1b clinical studies. We intend to develop oral, combination regimens that possess potent, pan-genotypic activity. The distinct mechanism of action of PPI-383 will potentially allow its use in combination regimens with all other classes of HCV inhibitors ...
Immunization with DNA-based allergen vaccines has yielded promising results as a potentially novel modality of immunotherapy. Limitations to this approach include reduced immunologic responses in humans and relatively high concentrations of DNA vaccine required to induce immunity. Investigators examined the effectiveness of using a self-replicating (replicon) DNA vaccine to induce protection against allergenic sensitization in a mouse model. Mice were immunized intradermally with replicon Phl p5 DNA or conventional DNA vaccines followed by sensitization and intranasal challenge with Phl p5. Titers of IgG1, IgG2a and IgE were measured from sera, while eosinophil counts and cytokine levels were measured from BAL fluid. Lung sections were analyzed for presence of inflammatory infiltrates, increased mucus production and epithelial damage. Replicon DNA vaccination with Phl p5 resulted in reduced expression of specific IgE, Th1-biased cytokine expression, fewer eosinophils and reduced markers of ...
This is a temporary file and hence do not link it from a website, instead link the URL of this page if you wish to link the PDF file ...
Here, we demonstrated the feasibility of a chemical synthetic lethality screen in cultured MEFs using a double-label fluorescence system. The major challenge in the present work has been to identify a replicon that can stably replicate in MEFs while under selection and decay spontaneously at a reasonable rate on removal of selection pressure. Our initial attempt, which employed polyoma virus replicons, failed. These replicons, containing wild-type or mutated enhancer/origin of DNA replication and encoding polyoma large T antigen, were shown previously to be capable of replicating in either somatic mouse cells (16) or pluripotent embryonal mouse cells such as EC cells (17, 18) or mouse ES cells (19), respectively. However, we found out that these polyoma-based replicons could not replicate in MEFs, which are late embryonal mouse cells. In contrast, employment of the EBV-based episomal survival plasmid, previously used in human cells (13), turned out to be suitable for synthetic lethality ...
Elbasvir, also known as MK-8742, is a HCV NS5A inhibitor, which is currently in phase 2b clinical trials as part of an all-oral, interferon-free regimen for the treatment of HCV infection. The NS5A protein plays a critical role in the replication of HCV and has been the focus of numerous research efforts over the past few years. NS5A inhibitors have shown impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays, making them attractive components for inclusion in all oral combination regimens.
The PBRT (PCR Based Replicon Typing) is an essential assay for the analysis of evolution, epidemiology and spread of antibacterial resistance.The excl...
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In molecular biology, the Avian encephalitis virus cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an s an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Avian encephalitis virus (AEV). It is structurally similar to the Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element. Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element Yang, Y; Yi, M; Evans, DJ; Simmonds, P; Lemon, SM (October 2008). Identification of a conserved RNA replication element (cre) within the 3Dpol-coding sequence of hepatoviruses. Journal of Virology. 82 (20): 10118-28. doi:10.1128/jvi.00787-08. PMC 2566277 . PMID 18684812 ...
Alcohol abuse reduces response rates to IFN therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. To model the molecular mechanisms behind this phenotype, we characterized the effects of ethanol on Jak-Stat and MAPK pathways in Huh7 human hepatoma cells, in HCV replicon cell lines, and in primary human hepatocytes. High physiological concentrations of acute ethanol activated the Jak-Stat and p38 MAPK pathways and inhibited HCV replication in several independent replicon cell lines. Moreover, acute ethanol induced Stat1 serine phosphorylation, which was partially mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. In contrast, when combined with exogenously applied IFN-α, ethanol inhibited the antiviral actions of IFN against HCV replication, involving inhibition of IFN-induced Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation. These effects of alcohol occurred independently of i) alcohol metabolism via ADH and CYP2E1, and ii) cytotoxic or cytostatic effects of ethanol. In this model system, ethanol directly perturbs the Jak-Stat pathway, and HCV
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dissecting the IFN-induced inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by using a novel host cell line. AU - Windisch, Marc P.. AU - Frese, Michael. AU - Kaul, Artur. AU - Trippler, null. AU - Lohmann, Volker. AU - Bartenschlager, Ralf. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - The Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Patients are currently treated with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) that is given alone or in combination with ribavirin. Unfortunately, this treatment is ineffective in eliminating the virus in a large proportion of individuals. IFN-induced antiviral activities have been intensively studied in the HCV replicon system. It was found that both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma inhibit HCV replicons, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been identified. Of note is that nearly all of these studies were performed with the human hepatoma cell line Huh-7. Here, we report that genotypes 1b and 2a replicons also replicate in the ...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication is dependent on the existence of several highly conserved functional genomic RNA domains. The cis-acting replication element (CRE), located within the 3 end of the NS5B coding region of the HCV genome, has been shown essential for efficient viral replication. Its sequence and structural features determine its involvement in functional interactions with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and distant RNA domains of the viral genome. This work reports the use of an in vitro selection strategy to select aptamer RNA molecules against the complete HCV-CRE. After six selection cycles, five potential target sites were identified within this domain. Inhibition assays using a sample of representative aptamers showed that the selected RNAs significantly inhibit the replication (|80%) of a subgenomic HCV replicon in Huh-7 cell cultures. These results highlight the potential of aptamer RNA molecules as therapeutic antiviral agents.
2003 Bicout DJ and Sache I. Persistent Walk and Spore Dispersal Density Function. Phys. Rev. E. 2003, vol. 67, n° 0319131 - 0319137. Billecocq A, Coudrier D, Boué F, Combes B, Zeller H, Artois M and Bouloy M. Expression of the nucleoprotein of the Puumala virus from the recombinant Semliki Forest virus replicon : characterization and use as a potential diagnostic tool. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology. 2003, vol. 10, n° 4, pp. 658-663. Hours M, Anzivino-Viricel L, Maître A, (...)
These fragments could however be selected indirectZy by means of a specific probe that contains a selectable property, resistance to ampicillin (Ap), and that is incapable of self-replication. In vitro linkage of the probe fragment to a DNA fragment capable of self-replication leads to the formation of a replicon that can be selected in transformation. , 1978). , 1976). This was due to two features of the recombinant replicon: firstly, the inability of one replicon to function would not prevent perpetuation of the plasmid, and secondly, the two component replicons are dissimilar and the replication of each one could be individually inhibited (low levels of DNA polymerase I prevent replication of CoIE1; chloramphenicol treatment prevents the replication of pSC101). For this purpose we used ColE1 for cloning EcoRI-generated DNA fragments and pML21 for cloning HindIII-generated fragments (see Table 2). Table 7 lists the DNA fragments that were cloned and their phenotypes. A specific advantage of ...
These results demonstrate that small molecule inhibitors of cellular SRPK1 and SRPK2 (Fig. 2A) efficiently and specifically suppress intracellular replication of HCV subgenomic replicons and HCV-JFH1 viruses in cell culture, in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 3 and 4). Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that both RNA synthesis and its translation were reduced by SRPIN340. This inhibition was not associated with antiproliferative or nonspecific cytotoxic effects on the host cells (Fig. 3B and 4B). Transgenic overexpression of SRPK1 or SRPK2 resulted in augmentation of HCV replication and infection (Fig. 5). On the other hand, siRNA-mediated knockdown of these SRPKs suppressed HCV replication significantly (Fig. 6). These results demonstrate the dependence of the virus on the host RNA processing machinery that consists of SR proteins and their regulator, SRPK, and indicate that the inhibition of host SRPKs by small molecules may constitute a novel antiviral treatment against ...
3 Oct 2012 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01824-12. JVI Accepts, published inhibit Norwalk virus replication in replicon-bearing cells. J Virol 81:12111-. 582.. Mail consultation Online asking price. ...
According to a recent survey (1), reducing costs was among the top IT initiatives for healthcare companies in 2011. Replicon, the global leader in Web-based tim
The conditions that led to the formation of the first organisms and the ways that life originates from a lifeless chemical soup are poorly understood. The recent hypothesis of RNA-peptide coevolution suggests that the current close relationship between amino acids and nucleobases may well have extended to the origin of life. We now show how the interplay between these compound classes can give rise to new self-replicating molecules using a dynamic combinatorial approach. We report two strategies for the fabrication of chimeric amino acid/nucleobase self-replicating macrocycles capable of exponential growth. The first one relies on mixing nucleobase- and peptide-based building blocks, where the ligation of these two gives rise to highly specific chimeric ring structures. The second one starts from peptide nucleic acid (PNA) building blocks in which nucleobases are already linked to amino acids from the start. While previously reported nucleic acid-based self-replicating systems rely on ...
BioMARC will begin manufacturing the vaccines by the end of the year, using a technique called Viral Replicon Particles, which does not use live or infectious viruses.
Duncan Clark wrote: , , I was always curious about the replicons used in some clinical E.colis , that carry umpteen different plasmids. I remember many many years ago , that one such E.coli was used for plasmid markers and had may 10 , different plasmids in it. They didnt appear to lose those plasmids , despite no selection. May have been published in Plasmid back in the , late 70s or early 80s. It all depends on the replication control mechanism of the replicons I suppose. ColE1 replicon is the standard one taught to students and I havent really look into others, so Im speaking in complete ignorance here, but there is no reason why a plasmid with different replicon would necessary result in plasmid incompatibility (because ColE1 has an unusual replication control mechanism?), although I understand that many would. , Duncan ...
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Fig. 3 Virus-host preferences and FSF distribution in viruses infecting different hosts.. (A) The abundance of each viral replicon type that is capable of infecting Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya and major divisions in Eukarya. Virus-host information was retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Viral Genomes Project (119). Hosts were classified into Archaea, Bacteria, Protista (animal-like protists), Fungi, Plants (all plants, blue-green algae, and diatoms), Invertebrates and Plants (IP), and Metazoa (vertebrates, invertebrates, and humans). Host information was available for 3440 of the 3660 viruses that were sampled in this study. Two additional ssDNA archaeoviruses were added from the literature (129, 130). Numbers on bars indicate the total virus count in each host group. (B) Venn diagram shows the distribution of 715 (of 716) FSFs that were detected in archaeoviruses, bacterioviruses, and eukaryoviruses. Host information on the Circovirus-like genome RW_B virus ...
Hepatitis C I. What every physician needs to know. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), previously called non-A, non-B hepatitis is a single stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviradae family that was first described in 1989. HCV is only known to infect humans and chimps, though it can also be grown in cell culture (replicon system). Variations…. ...
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Overexpression of the HER2/neu gene in breast cancer is associated with an increased incidence of metastatic disease and with a poor prognosis. Although passive immunotherapy with the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) has shown some effect, a vaccine capable of inducing T-cell and humoral immunity could be more effective. Virus-like replicon particles (VRP) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus containing the gene for HER2/neu (VRP-neu) were tested by an active immunotherapeutic approach in tumor prevention models and in a metastasis prevention model. VRP-neu prevented or significantly inhibited the growth of HER2/neu-expressing murine breast cancer cells injected either into mammary tissue or intravenously. Vaccination with VRP-neu completely prevented tumor formation in and death of MMTV-c-neu transgenic mice, and resulted in high levels of neu-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes and serum IgG. On the basis of these findings, clinical testing of this vaccine in patients with HER2/neu +
We developed a Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) reporter replicon of West Nile virus (WNV) and used it to quantify viral translation and RNA replication. The advantage of the Gluc replicon is that Gaussia luciferase is secreted into the culture medium from cells transfected with Gluc replicon RNA, and the medium can be assayed directly for luciferase activity. Using a known Flavivirus inhibitor (NITD008), we demonstrated that the Gluc-WNV replicon could be used for antiviral screening. The Gluc-WNV-Rep will be useful for research in antiviral drug development programs, as well as for studying viral replication and pathogenesis of WNV.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mizoribine inhibits hepatitis C virus RNA replication. T2 - Effect of combination with interferon-α. AU - Naka, Kazuhito. AU - Ikeda, Masanori. AU - Abe, Ken Ichi. AU - Dansako, Hiromichi. AU - Kato, Nobuyuki. N1 - Funding Information: We thank T. Nakamura, A. Morishita, and T. Maeta for their helpful experimental assistance. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for the third-term comprehensive 10-year strategy for cancer control, and for research on hepatitis from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan, and by Grants-in-Aid for scientific research from the Organization for Pharmaceutical Safety and Research (OPSR).. PY - 2005/5/13. Y1 - 2005/5/13. N2 - Interferon (IFN)-α monotherapy, as well as the more effective combination therapy of IFN-α and ribavirin, are currently used for patients with chronic hepatitis C caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, although the mechanisms of the antiviral effects of these reagents on HCV remain ambiguous, and side ...
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Dorothee A Vogt, Grégory Camus, Eva Herker, Brian R Webster, Chia-Lin Tsou, Warner C Greene, Tien-Sze Benedict Yen, Melanie Ott].
Rhizobium spp. are found in soil. They are both free-living and found symbiotically associated with the nodules of leguminous plants. Traditionally, studies have focused on the association of these organisms with plants in nitrogen-fixing nodules, since this is regarded as the most important role of these bacteria in the environment. Rhizobium sp. are known to possess several replicons. Some, like the Rhizobium etli symbiotic plasmid p42d and the plasmid pNGR234b of Rhizobium NGR234, have been sequenced and characterized. The plasmids from these organisms are the focus of this short review.. ...
Background & Aims Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant defense and key cytoprotective enzyme, which is repressed by Bach1. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is specifically expressed and highly abundant in human liver and required for replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. This study was to assess whether a specific miR-122 antagomir down-regulates HCV protein replication and up-regulates HO-1. Methods We transfected antagomir of miR-122, 2′-O-methyl-mimic miR-122, or non-specific-control antagomir (NSCA) into wild type Huh-7 cells or Huh-7 stably replicating HCV subgenomic core-NS3 (CNS3 replicon cells), or NS3-5B (9-13 replicon cells). Results Antagomir of miR-122 reduced the abundance of HCV-RNA by 64% in CNS3, and by 84% in 9-13 cells. In contrast, transfection with 2′-O-methlyl-mimic miR-122 increased HCV levels up to 2.5-fold; transfection with NSCA did not change the level of HCV. Antagomir of miR-122 also decreased Bach1 and increased HO-1 mRNA levels in CNS3, 9-13, and WT
According to the IncF replicon sequence typing (RST) scheme, which demonstrates a higher discriminatory power than PBRT (13), blaCTX-M-15-carrying plasmids pCA14 and pCA28 are assigned to FII, FIA, FIB (FAB) formula F31:A4:B1, whereas the blaCTX-M-14-carrying plasmid pCA08 is assigned to F2:A2:B20. These findings are consistent with the BLAST analysis, which indicates that pCA14 is closely related to pCA28, with 99% to 100% identity and 92% coverage, including the conserved backbone region and MRRs. pCA14 shares all backbone genes with pCA28, including genes for replication, plasmid maintenance, and conjugal transfer, as well as modules associated with virulence and biochemical pathways. A total of 20 nucleotide differences are observed between their backbone regions. A one-nucleotide difference and a two-nucleotide difference are found in the genes traE and iucC, respectively, with the remainder observed in genes of hypothetical proteins or intergenic regions. In addition, pCA14 shares all ...
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Journal Article: Depeptidization efforts on P[subscript 3]-P[prime subscript 2] [alpha]-ketoamide inhibitors of HCV NS3-4A serine protease: Effect on HCV replicon activity ...
2010 and Mondal et al., 2009). In 2005, an HCV gt2 infectious clone was described supporting the production of infectious HCV particles in cell culture (HCVcc), enabling for the first time the investigation of the full viral life cycle (Lindenbach et al., 2005, Wakita et al., 2005 and Zhong et al., 2005). An infectious cell culture system for full length HCV gt1 was reported which is the most prevalent genotype worldwide (Li et al., 2012 and Yi et al., 2006), however, screening involving cell-culture adapted HCV have only been performed for gt2 and gt1/2 chimeric viruses (Chockalingam et al., 2010,. Gastaminza et al., 2010, Gentzsch et al., 2011 and Wichroski et al., 2012). SB203580 cell line In this context, by combining the gt1 replicon with the infectious HCV gt2 cell. culture system our goal was to develop a high-throughput phenotypic assay to identify cross-genotype antivirals with a novel selleck chemicals llc mechanism of action. Our devised strategy allows multiparameter data acquisition ...
Survival of the fittest: Self-assemblies made of dynamic block copolymers (dynablocks) can self-replicate by catalyzing the formation of their own building blocks. Moreover, in competition experiments, the differential thermodynamic stabilities and autocatalytic efficiencies of these self-assemblies lead to sigmoid growth of the most efficient self-replicator and to depletion of its competitors. ...
Objections to the Proposal. A few limitations of nanoscale engineering are mentioned in the report, but these apply to different proposals than the current one. For example, Section 3D states that if the technology to create self-replicating nanobots were to be physically possible, which many doubted, it would not be available until the distant future, perhaps 2080 at least. It is certainly true that a fully self-replicating grey goo nanobot would be quite difficult to design. However, general-purpose manufacturing in a limited domain based on carbon-lattice chemistry from special chemical feedstock may be significantly easier to achieve. Section 4E asserts, There is an enormous difference between controlling the physical properties of a single nanostructure in isolation and manufacturing a material whose properties are those of the individual nanostructures. This was stated in the context of optical structures. Mechanical properties are more closely tied to physical structure than optical ...
An astrophysicist thinks Earth may have been visited by alien self-replicating Von Neumann nanoprobes that can only be seen in massive clouds as they create luminous emissions.
ISIR vs PSW I have read articals (cant remember which publications, but have seen it twice) when refering to Initial Sample Inspection Report (ISIR) it...
Official profile of Olympic athlete Elania NARDELLI (born 07 Jul 1987), including games, medals, results, photos, videos and news.
... may refer to: Replicon (genetics), a region of DNA or RNA that replicates from a single origin of replication Replicon ... company providinand expense management software This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Replicon. If ...
Replicon ranked in Top 250 Canadian Tech Companies for 2008 Replicon ranked as one of the fastest growing Canadian tech ... Replicon's online timesheets and cloud clock are an alternative to paper timesheets or punch cards. Replicon's product suite ... Replicon was co-founded in 1996 by Raj Narayanaswamy and Lakshmi Raj in Calgary, Canada. The company expanded its presence ... Replicon is a California-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) company that makes software for time tracking, advanced project ...
... and so their chromosomes may consist of several replicons. The concept of the replicon was formulated in 1963 by François Jacob ... Sydney Brenner, and Jacques Cuzin as a part of their replicon model for replication initiation. According to the replicon model ... virusoids and RNA satellites are also replicons. Patrick Forterre of the Pasteur Institute has coined the term "orphan replicon ... A replicon is the entire region of DNA that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication. A bacterial ...
Organization of replicon elements". Journal of Molecular Biology. 207 (1): 111-133. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(89)90444-0. ISSN 0022 ... If high expression levels are desired, the P1 lytic replicon can be used in constructs. Electroporation allows for lysogeny of ... Sternberg, N.; Cohen, G. (1989-05-05). "Genetic analysis of the lytic replicon of bacteriophage P1. II. ...
... replicon GT1b, EC50 = 1.6 nM). Danoprevir has been evaluated in an open-label, single arm clinical trial in combination with ...
"Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development , The Lasker Foundation". The Lasker Foundation. Retrieved 6 February 2018. " ... "2016 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award: Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development". The Lasker Foundation. ...
This second mechanism varies depending on the replicon. Some replicons such as the virus ΦX174 contain a second active tyrosine ... Many small replicons that have circular genomes such as circular ssDNA viruses and circular plasmids replicate via rolling ... are initiated and terminated by site-specific single-strand nicks made by a replicon-encoded endonuclease, variously called the ...
... s are small (~4kb) circular replicons. They occur naturally in some eukaryotic organelle genomes. In the mitochondria ...
Geminivurses and Their Uses as Extrachromosomal Replicons. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45:79-112. Fargette, D. ...
Balsiger, S; Ragaz C; Baron C; Narberhaus F (2004). "Replicon-Specific Regulation of Small Heat Shock Genes in Agrobacterium ...
Balsiger S, Ragaz C, Baron C, Narberhaus F (2004). "Replicon-specific regulation of small heat shock genes in Agrobacterium ...
Evidence shows elimination of HCV replicon, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis LCMV, and polyomavirus. ADAR1 is proviral in other ... "New antiviral pathway that mediates hepatitis C virus replicon interferon sensitivity through ADAR1". Journal of Virology. 79 ( ...
"Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development - The Lasker Foundation". The Lasker Foundation. Vere Hodge, R. Anthony, ed. ( ...
Each cluster's replicons are similar in length, but individual clusters have replicons of varying length. These replicons all ... However, in animal cells, replication origins gather into bundles called replicon clusters. ...
A fundamental feature of the replicon hypothesis is that it relies on positive regulation to control DNA replication onset, ... By contrast, a model of negative regulation (analogous to the replicon-operator model for transcription) fails to explain the ... More than five decades ago, Jacob, Brenner, and Cuzin proposed the replicon hypothesis to explain the regulation of chromosomal ... Aladjem MI, Fanning E (July 2004). "The replicon revisited: an old model learns new tricks in metazoan chromosomes". EMBO ...
September 2010). "Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus replicons in mouse fibroblasts is facilitated by deletion of ... "Utilizing liver-specific microRNA-122 to modulate replication of dengue virus replicon". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ...
While the presence of core genes may lead to the classification of this replicon as a chromid, this replicon may also be ... Chromids are large replicons, although not as large as the main chromosome. However, chromids are almost always larger than a ... In this scenario, core genes end up on the chromid by chance, but the chance fixation of core genes on the secondary replicon ... In a bacterial genome, the main chromosome will always be the largest replicon, followed by the chromid and then the plasmid. ...
"Snapshot of a Large Dynamic Replicon in a Halophilic Archaeon: Megaplasmid or Minichromosome?". Genome Research. 8 (11): 1131- ...
One such "mini-replicon" is the plasmid PFF1, which is 5873 basepairs long. PFF1 consists of an origin of replication, oriV, an ... "Construction and use of a versatile set of broad-host-range cloning and expression vectors based on the RK2 replicon", Appl. ... "The RK2 replicon", http://vectronbiosolutions.com/info.php?id=14 Meyer, et al.: "Molecular vehicle properties of the broad host ...
The self-replicating unit, in this case, the plasmid, is called a replicon. A typical bacterial replicon may consist of a ... Plasmids are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, ... RNA plasmids are non-infectious extrachromosomal linear RNA replicons, both encapsidated and unencapsidated, which have been ...
Cohen, Gerald; Etti Or; Wolfgang Minas; Nat L. Sternberg (1996-10-10). "The bacteriophage P 1 lytic replicon: directionality of ... "A novel role for site-specific recombination in maintenance of bacterial replicons". Cell. 25 (3): 729-736. doi:10.1016/0092- ...
The replicon containing the vir genes became known as the vir helper plasmid. The vir helper plasmid is considered disarmed if ... Systems in which T-DNA and vir genes are located on separate replicons are called T-DNA binary systems. T-DNA is located on the ... "Small high-yielding binary Ti vectors pLSU with co-directional replicons for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation ...
... and Application of the Replicon Region of the Halophilic Temperate Sphaerolipovirus SNJ1". Journal of Bacteriology. 198 (14): ...
The genome contains three replicons: a chromosome (~3.7 megabases), a chromid (pSymB; ~1.7 megabases), and a plasmid (pSymA; ~ ... Nelson, Matthew; Guhlin, Joseph; Epstein, Brendan; Tiffin, Peter; Sadowsky, Michael J. (May 2018). "The complete replicons of ... DiCenzo, George; Wellappili, Deelaka; Brian Golding, G; Finan, Turlough (2018-03-21). "Inter-replicon Gene Flow Contributes to ... 16 Ensifer meliloti strains offer insights into intra- and inter-replicon gene transfer, transposon-associated loci, and repeat ...
"2016 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award: Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development". The Lasker Foundation. ...
Spiers, AJ; Bergquist, PL (December 1992). "Expression and regulation of the RepA protein of the RepFIB replicon from plasmid ...
Yang et al., "Characterization of the mobilization determinants of pAN12, a small replicon from Rhodococcus erythropolis AN12 ...
Replicon - A blue-skinned shapeshifter who turns parts of his body into automatic weapons. [1] Grenader - Basically a giant, ...
30, 2007). Yang et al., Characterization of the mobilization determinants of pAN12, a small replicon from Rhodococcus ...
"Repression and derepression of minus-strand synthesis in a plus-strand RNA virus replicon". Journal of Virology. 78 (14): 7619- ...
Replicons Free Time Tracking Software provides an all-in-one solution for Project Time Tracking, Time Attendance & ... "Replicon is an innovative company that sees optimizing time as a core pillar to delivering significant value to its customers." ... "Part of what drew us to Replicon was the accessibility of their solution. It gives our teams secure access to their schedules ... "We partnered with Replicon to tailor a solution that allowed us to track and allocate time across multiple grants." ...
Therefore, the A/C-replicon from the US plasmids may represent a new replicon variant, which we designated repA/C2 (DNA ... The sequence of these replicons showed the same 26 characteristic nucleotide substitutions of the A/C2-replicon identified in ... The PCR-based replicon typing method assigned the A/C and I1 replicons to type A and type B plasmids, respectively (Table), ... and FII replicons (4). All amplified replicons were sequenced by standard procedures and used as specific probes to confirm the ...
Compare 10000ft vs Replicon Polaris PSA. 13 verified user reviews and ratings of features, pros, cons, pricing, support and ... Replicon Inc. *. Many of our staff members work on multiple projects. Replicon PSM is ideal for managers to track all staff ... Replicon Polaris PSA. Starting Price. -. Editions & Modules. Replicon Polaris PSA. editions and modules pricing. Edition. ... Replicon Inc. *. Though the technical support staff are always very nice, sometimes they dont seem to understand exactly what ...
Since the pioneering proposal of the replicon model of DNA replication 50 years ago, the predicted replicons have not been ... 4D Visualization of replication foci in mammalian cells corresponding to individual replicons ... comprehensive analysis of S-phase dynamics and quantification of replication fork speed and replicon size in human and mouse ... 3D genome organization and duplication can be now followed within the chromatin context at the level of individual replicons. ...
Superior Induction of T Cell Responses to Conserved HIV-1 Regions by Electroporated Alphavirus Replicon DNA Compared to That ... Superior Induction of T Cell Responses to Conserved HIV-1 Regions by Electroporated Alphavirus Replicon DNA Compared to That ...
From The Replicon Blog. Exploring The 3rd Wave Of Resourcing At The Resource Management Global Symposium. Replicon participated ... Want all the latest industry updates, news on Replicon products and tips to better manage projects and time? Sign up for our ... Sign up for our newsletter for the latest industry updates, news on Replicon products and tips to better manage projects and ... abas USA Continues To Improve User Experience With Modern, Intuitive Solutions From Replicon. abas USA is a global conglomerate ...
"Replicon" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Replicon" by people in this website by year, and whether " ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Replicon" by people in Profiles. ...
Dive into the research topics of TC83 replicon vectored vaccine provides protection against Junin virus in guinea pigs. ... TC83 replicon vectored vaccine provides protection against Junin virus in guinea pigs. ...
Replicon Info. Type Name RefSeq INSDC Size (Mb) GC% Protein rRNA tRNA Other RNA Gene Pseudogene ...
Replicon Alternative. Move away from legacy systems and start using Scoro - a modern business management tool that is intuitive ...
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Replicon Typing of Plasmids Encoding Resistance to Newer β-Lactams Alessandra Carattoli*. , Vivi Miriagou†, Alessia Bertini*, ... The replicons and the β-lactamase genes carried by each group of plasmids are indicated below the figure. ... Replicon Typing of Plasmids Encoding Resistance to Newer β-Lactams. ...
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Transferring ADP employees to Replicon - Replicon https://www.replicon.com/help/transferring-adp-run-employees-to-replicon/ ... Https Login Replicon Com Default Aspx. If you want to access Https Login Replicon Com Default Aspx, you can access the website ... Description: Replicon is the leader in cloud time tracking applications. We help more than 1.5 million people in ... ... Replicons Time Tracking Software provides an all-in-one solution for Project Time Tracking, Time & Attendance and Professional ...
Replicon.Cryptography.SCrypt by Replicon Inc. 1.1.6.13 19 Feb 13. Toggle Dropdown *Version 1 ... Replicon.Cryptography.SCrypt.1.1.6.13.nupkg nuget.org 3-Clause BSD License ,PackageReference Include="Replicon.Cryptography. ... raw.github.com/replicon/Replicon.Cryptography.SCrypt/master/LICENSE,/licenseUrl, ,requireLicenseAcceptance,false,/ ... Replicon.Cryptography.SCrypt 1.1.6.13. scrypt key-derivation function in mixed-mode assembly for .NET ...
... Academic Article ... These replicons produce SG RNAs and encoded proteins of interest 10- to 50-fold more efficiently than those using a traditional ... A modified replicon encoding West Nile virus (WNV) premembrane and envelope proteins efficiently producedsubviral particles and ... Alphavirus genome-based, self-replicating RNAs (replicons) are widely used vectors for expression of heterologous proteins. ...
Learn the Replicon login procedure and access your account at www.replicon.com and through the Replicon mobile app. The guide ... Replicon Login Instructions for Apple Users. If you are a user of an Apple phone or tablet, you can also access the Replicon ... Replicon Mobile Online Login Instructions. If you are not at home or work, you can also get into your Replicon by following ... Replicon Login at www.replicon.com. November 20, 2022. Managing employees and time worked for payroll systems is very ...
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The chimeric replicon was more resistant to CsA than the parental genotype 1b replicon. Furthermore, reduction of CyPA had a ... The chimeric replicon was more resistant to CsA than the parental genotype 1b replicon. Furthermore, reduction of CyPA had a ... The chimeric replicon was more resistant to CsA than the parental genotype 1b replicon. Furthermore, reduction of CyPA had a ... The chimeric replicon was more resistant to CsA than the parental genotype 1b replicon. Furthermore, reduction of CyPA had a ...
Dive into the research topics of Advances in genomic research on hepatitis C virus with a useful tool, replicon system. ... Advances in genomic research on hepatitis C virus with a useful tool, replicon system. ...
Plasmid replicon‡. A/C. A/C. A/C. UT. A/C. UT. L/M. FII. A/C. FII. ... Johnson TJ, Wannemuehler YM, Johnson SJ, Logue CM, White DG, Doetkott C, Plasmid replicon typing of commensal and pathogenic ... untypeable by PCR replicon typing (22).. †Detected by using the Check-MDR CT101 microarray assay (23).. ‡Detected by PCR. ...
Viral replicon particles protect IFNAR−/− mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge three days after ... Viral replicon particles protect IFNAR−/− mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge three days after ... Heterologous protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in mice after a single dose of replicon particle vaccine Cite ... Title : Viral replicon particles protect IFNAR−/− mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge three ...
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Plasmid typing was performed using PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). E coli strains were compared using Multi-Locus-Sequence- ...
Hepatitis C replicon system and drug development. Ralf F.W. Bartenschlager, Charles M. Rice, Michael J. Sofia ...
Replicons. Name. Length. GC. Pseudomonas putida S16 chromosome, complete genome. 5984790 bp 62.3% Replicon details ...
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  • We complement these data with genome size measurements, comprehensive analysis of S-phase dynamics and quantification of replication fork speed and replicon size in human and mouse cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Accordingly, 3D genome organization and duplication can be now followed within the chromatin context at the level of individual replicons. (cipsm.de)
  • Alphavirus genome-based, self-replicating RNAs (replicons) are widely used vectors for expression of heterologous proteins. (uab.edu)
  • Background: Viral self-replicating sub-genomic replicons represent a powerful tool for studying viral genome replication, antiviral screening and chimeric vaccine development. (onacademic.com)
  • Novel Stable Ebola Virus Minigenome Replicon Reveals Remarkable Stability of the Viral Genome. (cdc.gov)
  • To look for worm genes required for Orsay virus genome replication I used a triple mutant that carries the FR1gfp replicon transgene as reporter for loss of viral genome replication. (lsu.edu)
  • Polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing represents a novel method to describe the dissemination and follow the evolution of resistance plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • Our objective of understanding the relationship among resistance plasmids prompted us to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based replicon typing method ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Plasmid replicon content was analysed by polymerase chain reaction based replicon typing. (who.int)
  • Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'HCV genotype 1b chimeric replicon with NS5B of JFH-1 exhibited resistance to cyclosporine A'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevier.com)
  • Replicon participated in the Resource Management Global Symposium 2022, held in Dallas, organized by the Resource Management Institute on April 28 and 29, 2022. (replicon.com)
  • PCR-based replicon typing was applied to type the resistance plasmids carried by 26 Escherichia coli transconjugants or transformants obtained from epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae associated with community- or hospital-acquired infections in the United States or southern Europe (Italy and Greece). (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro studies have demonstrated antiviral, anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon systems. (medscape.com)
  • Development and characterization of the replicon system of Japanese encephalitis live vaccine virus SA14-14-2. (onacademic.com)
  • Findings: The replicon system of JEV live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 was successfully developed in this study. (onacademic.com)
  • These data indicate that VSV replicon particles potentially represent a safe and efficacious vaccine platform with which to control future outbreaks by BTV-8 or other serotypes, especially in previously non-endemic regions where discrimination between vaccinated and infected animals is crucial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When discussing Replicon vs Monday.com, it is important to talk about the dashboards. (bestkoditips.com)
  • Many kinds of flavivirus replicons have been developed with broad applications. (onacademic.com)
  • Subgenomic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin: construction and applications. (nih.gov)
  • The replicons and the β-lactamase genes carried by each group of plasmids are indicated below the figure. (cdc.gov)
  • Leverage fully customizable Replicon time tracking software to solve unique use cases. (replicon.com)
  • The PCR-based replicon typing method assigned the A/C and I1 replicons to type A and type B plasmids, respectively ( Table ), which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • Replicon sequence based typing was attempted to find the diversity of replicon‑associated sequences in IncHI3 plasmids. (who.int)
  • To clarify whether or not NS5B of JFH-1 is significant for CsA resistance, we developed a chimeric replicon with NS5B of JFH-1 in the genotype 1b backbone. (elsevier.com)
  • The chimeric replicon was more resistant to CsA than the parental genotype 1b replicon. (elsevier.com)
  • To ensure data is error-free and is ready for processing, Replicon timesheet software helps to verify, cleanse, analyze, review and apply the right workflows to your time information. (replicon.com)
  • If you want to access Https Login Replicon Com Default Aspx , you can access the website directly using the list below. (loginsource.net)
  • to SaaS migration completed successfully (e.g., https:// login.replicon.com/Default.aspx? (loginsource.net)
  • If you are a customer of Replicon, you can use this article to learn how the Replicon login works. (login.expert)
  • These multidimensional analyses demonstrate that replication foci (RFi) in three-dimensional (3D) preserved somatic mammalian cells can be optically resolved down to single replicons throughout S-phase. (cipsm.de)
  • Robust EGFP and R.luc signals could be detected in the replicon-transfected BHK-21 cells. (onacademic.com)
  • Selection and Characterization of Rupintrivir-Resistant Norwalk Virus Replicon Cells In Vitro . (bvsalud.org)
  • This siRNA Human Con1 cells (Huh-7 expressing HCV con1 I377/NS3-3’ replicon). (wjpr.net)
  • All amplified replicons were sequenced by standard procedures and used as specific probes to confirm the replicon typing results by Southern blot hybridization on purified plasmid DNA (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
  • Johnson, T.J. and Nolan, L.K. (2009) Plasmid Replicon Typing. (scirp.org)
  • A modified replicon encoding West Nile virus (WNV) premembrane and envelope proteins efficiently producedsubviral particles and, after a single immunization, elicited high titers of neutralizing antibodies, which protected mice from lethal challenge with WNV. (uab.edu)
  • In this study, we generated recombinant RNA replicon particles based on single-cycle vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunization of sheep with infectious VSV replicon particles expressing the outer capsid VP2 protein of BTV-8 resulted in induction of BTV-8 serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Replicon Software (India) Private Limited is a Unlisted Private Company. (zensuggest.com)
  • The CIN number of Replicon Software (India) Private Limited is U72200KA2006PTC039898. (zensuggest.com)
  • Replicon Software (India) Private Limited has 4 appointed directors/decision makers Raj Narayanaswamy, Lakshmi Priya Raj, Peter Harry Kinash and Hemmige Shamanna Jagadeesh. (zensuggest.com)
  • Do you work for Replicon Software (India)? (zensuggest.com)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Endemic Indian clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae‑harbouring New Delhi metallo‑beta‑lactamase‑1 on a hybrid plasmid replicon type: A case of changing New Delhi metallo‑beta‑lactamase plasmid landscapes in India. (who.int)
  • Two kinds of replicons that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and Renilla luciferase (R.luc) were constructed under the control of SP6 promoter, respectively. (onacademic.com)
  • Replicon" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • One software program that has continues to provide great time tracking services is Replicon. (login.expert)
  • Replicon software is a robust project management solution for businesses of all sizes. (bestkoditips.com)
  • Replicon software is known for its time tracking and management features. (bestkoditips.com)
  • Replicon is a software which helps you get control over your team's attendance. (timecamp.com)
  • In this study, we have applied the accumulated knowledge of the mechanism of alphavirus replication and promoter structures, in particular, to increase the expression level of heterologous proteins from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)-based replicons. (uab.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Replicon" by people in this website by year, and whether "Replicon" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • Type in www.replicon.com , which is the company's main website and will take you to the main account page. (login.expert)
  • Description: Replicon is the leader in cloud time tracking applications. (loginsource.net)
  • Replicon has a sleek dashboard through which all the system features and important information can be accessed. (bestkoditips.com)
  • Replicon takes the hassle out of compliance management for work, overtime, minimum wages, and time off. (replicon.com)
  • This challenges the conventional interpretation of nuclear RFi as replication factories, that is, the complex entities that process multiple clustered replicons. (cipsm.de)
  • If all information is inputted correctly, you will be taken to the Replicon account overview and main customer page. (login.expert)
  • If you are a user of an Apple phone or tablet, you can also access the Replicon account page by using the Apple application. (login.expert)
  • Since the pioneering proposal of the replicon model of DNA replication 50 years ago, the predicted replicons have not been identified and quantified at the cellular level. (cipsm.de)
  • Replicon also has a mobile version that brings all the features to the palm of your hand. (bestkoditips.com)
  • If you are not able to get into your account, the best thing to do would be to go to the customer service page www.replicon.com/contact-us where you can send a direct message to the company. (login.expert)
  • When it comes to a fair comparison of Replicon vs Monday.com, it is important to discuss how Replicon creates a virtual platform for all employees. (bestkoditips.com)
  • This Replicon vs Monday.com comparison is supposed to help make it easier for readers to choose between them. (bestkoditips.com)
  • Replicon PSM is ideal for managers to track all staff hours just by running a simple report. (trustradius.com)
  • Open the app and provide your standard Replicon password and username. (login.expert)