Relaxin
Receptors, Peptide
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
Fibrocartilage
Corpus Luteum
Pregnancy
Relaxin is a potent renal vasodilator in conscious rats. (1/449)
The kidneys and other nonreproductive organs vasodilate during early gestation; however, the "pregnancy hormones" responsible for the profound vasodilation of the renal circulation during pregnancy are unknown. We hypothesized that the ovarian hormone relaxin (RLX) contributes. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of RLX elicits renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration in conscious adult, intact female rats. After several days of treatment with either purified porcine RLX or recombinant human RLX 2 (rhRLX), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20%-40%. Comparable renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration was also observed in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that estrogen and progesterone are unnecessary for the renal response to rhRLX. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abrogated the increase in ERPF and GFR elicited by chronic administration of purified porcine RLX. In contrast, the renal vasoconstrictory response to angiotensin II was attenuated by the RLX treatment. Short-term infusion of purified porcine RLX to conscious rats over several hours failed to increase ERPF and GFR. Plasma osmolality was consistently reduced by the chronic administration of both RLX preparations. In conclusion, the renal and osmoregulatory effects of chronic RLX administration to conscious rats resemble the physiological changes of pregnancy in several respects: (a) marked increases in ERPF and GFR with a mediatory role for nitric oxide; (b) attenuation of the renal circulatory response to angiotensin II; and (c) reduction in plasma osmolality. (+info)Canine preprorelaxin: nucleic acid sequence and localization within the canine placenta. (2/449)
Employing uteroplacental tissue at Day 35 of gestation, we determined the nucleic acid sequence of canine preprorelaxin using reverse transcription- and rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction. Canine preprorelaxin cDNA consisted of 534 base pairs encoding a protein of 177 amino acids with a signal peptide of 25 amino acids (aa), a B domain of 35 aa, a C domain of 93 aa, and an A domain of 24 aa. The putative receptor binding region in the N'-terminal part of the canine relaxin B domain GRDYVR contained two substitutions from the classical motif (E-->D and L-->Y). Canine preprorelaxin shared highest homology with porcine and equine preprorelaxin. Northern analysis revealed a 1-kilobase transcript present in total RNA of canine uteroplacental tissue but not of kidney tissue. Uteroplacental tissue from two bitches each at Days 30 and 35 of gestation were studied by in situ hybridization to localize relaxin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry for relaxin, cytokeratin, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor was performed on uteroplacental tissue at Day 30 of gestation. The basal cell layer at the core of the chorionic villi was devoid of relaxin mRNA and immunoreactive relaxin or vimentin but was immunopositive for cytokeratin and identified as cytotrophoblast cells. The cell layer surrounding the chorionic villi displayed specific hybridization signals for relaxin mRNA and immunoreactivity for relaxin and cytokeratin but not for vimentin, and was identified as syncytiotrophoblast. Those areas of the chorioallantoic tissue with most intense relaxin immunoreactivity were highly vascularized as demonstrated by immunoreactive von Willebrand factor expressed on vascular endothelium. The uterine glands and nonplacental uterine areas of the canine zonary girdle placenta were devoid of relaxin mRNA and relaxin. We conclude that the syncytiotrophoblast is the source of relaxin in the canine placenta. (+info)Endocrine biomarkers of early fetal loss in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) following exposure to dioxin. (3/449)
This study examines the endocrine alterations associated with early fetal loss (EFL) induced by an environmental toxin, TCDD (2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), in the cynomolgus macaque, a well-documented reproductive/developmental model for humans. Females were administered single doses of 1, 2, and 4 microgram/kg TCDD (n = 4 per dose group) on gestational day (GD) 12. Urinary estrogen metabolites (estrone conjugates) were monitored to establish the day of ovulation, and serum hormones (estradiol, progesterone, chorionic gonadotropin, relaxin) were measured to assess ovarian and placental endocrine status before and after treatment. EFL occurred between GDs 22 and 32 in 10 of the 12 animals treated with TCDD. The primary endocrine alterations associated with TCDD treatment were significant decreases in serum estradiol and bioactive chorionic gonadotropin concentrations (p < 0.02). Less pronounced decreases in serum progesterone (p = 0.10) and relaxin (p < 0.08) also followed TCDD treatment. In contrast, immunoreactive chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were not reduced by TCDD exposure at any level, indicating that TCDD targets specific components of the chorionic gonadotropin synthesis machinery within the trophoblast to alter the functional capacity of the hormone. These data demonstrate the value of endocrine biomarkers in identifying a toxic exposure to primate pregnancy many days before direct signs of reproductive toxicity were apparent. The increased EFL that occurred after exposure to TCDD might reflect a toxic response initially mediated via endocrine imbalance, leading to placental insufficiency, compromised embryonic circulation, and subsequent EFL. (+info)Relaxin secretion by human granulosa cell culture is predictive of in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer success. (4/449)
We have developed a cell culture system for human luteinizing granulosa cells which supports the timely and dynamic secretion of oestrogen, progesterone and relaxin in patterns that mimic serum concentrations of these hormones during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a wide variation in the amount of relaxin secreted by the cultured cells for the 69 patients studied. As relaxin production was generally maximal by day 10 of culture, comparisons were made at this time point. It was observed that most of the conceptions occurred in patients with higher relaxin secretion in vitro. All cycles with relaxin > 800 pg/ml on day 10 had a term pregnancy while only 13% of cycles with relaxin < 200 pg/ml had term pregnancies. A limited number of cycles from donor/recipient cycles did not show similar results. Steroid concentrations were not predictive of conception. These results demonstrated that in-vitro production of relaxin is predictive of implantation success in in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer cycles. This supports the hypothesis that relaxin may be involved in implantation and that lowered relaxin concentrations may be a partial cause of poor pregnancy rates after IVF. (+info)Relaxin stimulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in normal human endometrial cells in vitro and is associated with menometrorrhagia in women. (5/449)
Although the role of the reproductive hormone, relaxin, in rodents is well documented, its potential contribution to human reproduction is less well defined. In this study, we examine the effects of relaxin on human endometrial cells in vitro and describe the clinical effects of relaxin on menstrual flow in women. In cultured endometrial cells, relaxin specifically induces the expression of an angiogenic agent, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). cAMP is implicated as a second messenger involved in VEGF stimulation. VEGF expression is temporally regulated in the endometrium, and our results suggest that relaxin, which is secreted by the corpus luteum and is present in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, may be involved in regulating endometrial VEGF expression. Relaxin was recently tested in a clinical trial for efficacy in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis, and was administered at levels up to 10 times higher than that measured during pregnancy. The most frequent relaxin-related adverse event reported during the course of the study was the onset of menometrorrhagia, defined in this study as heavier-than-usual or irregular menstrual bleeding. The intensification of menstrual flow observed in these patients is consistent with the hypothesis that relaxin mediates neovascularization of the endometrial lining. (+info)Relaxin stimulates glycodelin mRNA and protein concentrations in human endometrial glandular epithelial cells. (6/449)
Human endometrium is the major organ that produces glycodelin A (GdA). The production of endometrial GdA causes a fluctuation of the peripheral glycodelin concentrations in women during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It has recently been reported that the rise of plasma concentrations of glycodelin is correlated with relaxin during the late luteal phase and early pregnancy. In addition, administration of relaxin increases glycodelin plasma concentrations, suggesting that relaxin induces GdA production in endometrium. To investigate whether relaxin regulates the GdA synthesis, human endometrial glandular epithelial cells were isolated and cultured with or without relaxin for up to 4 days. Western blot showed that GdA synthesized and secreted from epithelial glands had a major molecular weight of 28 kDa, i.e. the same as the GdA isolated from amniotic fluid. Cells incubated with relaxin consistently increased in GdA production rate (2-6-fold). The GdA mRNA concentrations increased 2-11-fold in cells incubated with relaxin for 2-4 days, as determined by solution hybridization/ribonuclease protection assay. The increase of the mRNA concentration indicates that relaxin activates GdA transcription. (+info)What knockout mice can tell us about parturition. (7/449)
Many molecules, including steroid and peptide hormones, prostaglandins and cytokines, regulate the preparation, initiation and progression of parturition in mammals. Gene targeting studies show that, in the knockout mice of steroid 5alpha-reductase type 1 gene, prostaglandin F2alpha receptor gene and cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene, parturition was severely disturbed, although live offspring were delivered by Caesarean section. Relaxin gene-disrupted mice also showed protracted labour. However, most knockout mice in which the steroid hormone, prostaglandin, cytokine or peptide hormone (for example, oxytocin, corticotrophin releasing hormone and endothelin) endocrine-paracrine systems are disrupted are inadequate for analysis of the mechanism of parturition because they die before reaching reproductive age or are infertile, or because they reproduce normally. A conditional knockout strategy, for example, using the Cre-LoxP system, should be considered for investigating the biochemical background of parturition to overcome these problems. (+info)Quantitative autoradiographic studies of relaxin binding in rat atria, uterus and cerebral cortex: characterization and effects of oestrogen treatment. (8/449)
The binding characteristics of the relaxin receptor in rat atria, uterus and cortex were studied using a [33P]-labelled human gene 2 relaxin (B33) and quantitative receptor autoradiography. The binding kinetics of [33P]-human gene 2 relaxin (B33) were investigated in slide-mounted rat atrial sections. The binding achieved equilibrium after 60 min incubation at room temperature (23+/-1 degrees C) and dissociated slowly. The association and dissociation rate constants were 4.31+/-0.34x10(8) M(-1) x min(-1) and 1.55+/-0.38x10(-3) min(-1) respectively. Thus, the kinetic dissociation constant was 3.46+/-0.59 pM. Binding was saturable to a single population of non-interacting sites throughout atria, in uterine myometrium and the 5th layer of cerebral cortex. The binding affinities (pK(D)) of [33P]-human gene 2 relaxin (B33) were 8.92+/-0.09 in atrial myocardium and 8.79+/-0.04 in cerebral cortex of male rats, and 8.79+/-0.10 in uterine myometrium. Receptor densities in the cerebral cortex and atria were higher than in uterine myometrium, indicating that relaxin also has important roles in non-reproductive tissues. In male rats, treatment with 17beta-oestradiol (20 microg in 0.1 ml sesame oil s.c., 18-24 h) significantly decreased the density of relaxin receptors in atria and cerebral cortex. Identical treatment in female rats had no significant effect in atria and cerebral cortex, but it significantly increased the density of relaxin receptors in uterine myometrium. Relaxin binding was competitively displaced by porcine and rat native relaxins. Porcine native relaxin binds to the relaxin receptor in male rat atria (8.90+/-0.02), and cerebral cortex (8.90+/-0.03) and uterine myometrium (8.89+/-0.03) with affinities not significantly different from human gene 2 (B33) relaxin. Nevertheless, rat relaxin binds to the receptors with affinities (8.35+/-0.09 in atria, 8.22+/-0.07 in cerebral cortex and 8.48+/-0.06 in uterine myometrium) significantly less than human gene 2 (B33) and porcine relaxins. Quantitative receptor autoradiography is the method of choice for measurement of affinities and densities of relaxin receptor in atria, uterine myometrium and cerebral cortex. High densities were found in all these tissues. 17beta-oestradiol treatment produced complex effects where it increased the densities of relaxin receptors in uterus but decreased those in atria and cerebral cortex of the male rats, and had no effect on the atria and cerebral cortex of the female rats. (+info)Relaxin is a hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum, a gland in the ovaries, and by the placenta during pregnancy. It plays a role in regulating the muscles and ligaments of the uterus and other connective tissues in the body, helping to prepare them for childbirth. In the medical field, relaxin is often used to treat conditions related to pregnancy and childbirth, such as preterm labor, uterine fibroids, and pelvic pain. It can also be used to treat conditions related to connective tissue disorders, such as osteoarthritis and scoliosis. Relaxin is typically administered through injection or intravenous infusion, and its effects can last for several hours or even days. It is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, although it may cause some side effects, such as headache, nausea, and dizziness.
Receptors, Peptide are proteins found on the surface of cells that bind to specific peptides (short chains of amino acids) and initiate a cellular response. These receptors play a crucial role in many physiological processes, including hormone signaling, immune response, and neurotransmission. Examples of peptide receptors include the insulin receptor, the growth hormone receptor, and the opioid receptor. Activation of these receptors can lead to a variety of effects, such as changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, or intracellular signaling pathways.
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane proteins that play a crucial role in transmitting signals from the outside of a cell to the inside. They are found in almost all types of cells and are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including sensory perception, neurotransmission, and hormone signaling. GPCRs are activated by a variety of molecules, including neurotransmitters, hormones, and sensory stimuli such as light, sound, and odor. When a molecule binds to a GPCR, it causes a conformational change in the protein that activates a G protein, a small molecule that acts as a molecular switch. The activated G protein then triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that ultimately lead to a cellular response. Because GPCRs are involved in so many different physiological processes, they are an important target for drug discovery. Many drugs, including those used to treat conditions such as hypertension, depression, and allergies, work by binding to specific GPCRs and modulating their activity.
Relaxin
Relaxin-3
Relaxin receptor
Relaxin' with Chet
Relaxin' at Camarillo
Relaxin' at Camarillo (album)
Relaxin family peptide hormones
Relaxo
Eois relaxaria
Carex relaxa
Muscle relaxant
Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet
The Hawk Relaxes
Selective relaxant binding agents
Ah W Noss
Nancy Ajram videography
Ya Salam
Juiceboxxx
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
Alastair MacLennan (obstetrician)
List of Final Fantasy compilation albums
1989 Football League Second Division play-off final
1989 Football League Third Division play-off final
Canobie Lake Park
Pregnancy and sleep
Lolina
Serelaxin
Electrical muscle stimulation
Tubocurarine chloride
Nasir Yusuf Gawuna
Pregnancy Hormone Relaxin Shows CV, Stroke Benefits
BWSSB relaxes STP rule for apartments - The Hindu
Analgesic and Muscle Relaxant - Uses, Side Effects, Interactions - MedBroadcast.com
Chloropicrin Poisoning Medication: Sympathomimetic (adrenergic) agents, Respiratory smooth muscle relaxant, Antidotes
VitaSprings.com - ChiOndo Heat Plaster Patch, Relaxes Muscles, 4 Pieces
Ski stations will remain closed as France relaxes some lockdown rules | Euronews
Slu by - esk Republika - Rehabilita n & relaxa n za zen
Muscle relaxant activity of methocarbamol enantiomers in mice - PubMed
Genetic associations of relaxin: preterm birth and premature rupture of fetal membranes - PubMed
Relaxant Herb Tea by Health King
HHS Office of Civil Rights Enforcement Relaxes Enforcement Discretion on HIPAA | ISASS - The International Society for the...
Modulators of the Relaxin Receptor 1
neuralgia - Muscle Relaxant
Relaxo Organic Straight
Definition > Uterine...
Zimn paintball | Relaxa STAN
'Work actually relaxes me' -...
Lioresal - Muscle Relaxant :: Discount Pharmacy
Nejhry | Hern port l | - Relaxa n
Relaxo Coupons: Offers & Coupon Codes September 2023
Miles Davis - Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet - MONO
- Wayout Jazz
Ag relaxen night 40caps - Sahajamal Online Pharmacy Dubai
environmental photography: a gardener relaxes in his shed
r11 logo 350x200 | relaxA - Pedikúra Bratislava - Nové mesto
relaxo head office contact number Archives - Invest Kare
Aveeno, body wash Calms relaxes. - SuperDeals, Dakar Senegal
Nivea for Men Mild Shaving Cream treated relaxes - GIFTSBUYINDIA
Acu Relaxo acupuncture needles 5 Bulk from Lierre Canada
Receptor2
- The present invention is directed to novel small molecule agonists of the mammalian relaxin family receptor 1 (RXFP1), including human RXFP1. (nih.gov)
- The BCNI group had lower expression of relaxin family peptide receptor (RXFP) 1, p-AKT/AKT, p-eNOS/eNOS ratios than sham operation rats , but RLX-2 could partially reversed these changes. (bvsalud.org)
Hormone2
- July 5, 2012 - Relaxin, a naturally occurring hormone best known for its properties in causing pelvic expansion and relaxation during pregnancy, shows efficacy as a novel therapy not just for improving functional recovery after stroke but also in treating peripheral artery disease, according to several studies presented here at ENDO 2012: the Endocrine Society 94th Annual Meeting. (medscape.com)
- Relaxin H2 (RLN2) is a systemic hormone (sRLN) that is produced by the corpus luteum, whereas decidual RLN (dRLN) acts only locally. (nih.gov)
Muscle7
- Directly relaxes smooth muscle of respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
- This study was conducted to characterize the muscle relaxant activity of methocarbamol enantiomers. (nih.gov)
- The rotarod test was used to compare the muscle relaxant activity of racemic methocarbamol and pure enantiomers after intraperitoneal administration of the enantiomers to mice. (nih.gov)
- The results show that (+)-R-methocarbamol has higher muscle relaxant activity compared with racemic methocarbamol or (-)-S-methocarbamol. (nih.gov)
- Simple pharmacological test battery to assess efficacy and side effect profile of centrally acting muscle relaxant drugs. (nih.gov)
- Lioresal is a muscle relaxant. (thetrustpills.com)
- A muscle relaxant may be prescribed. (nih.gov)
Injections1
- Instead of moving ahead with the amputation, however, the researchers tried treatment with 2 subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg relaxin per day for 6 months, and then twice-yearly cycles of 3 months until 2006. (medscape.com)
Therapy1
- This is] suggested by the long-lasting effects, as well as by the evidence of arterial neoformation with relaxin long-term therapy in a peripheral artery disease patient, described by us as a case report," they write. (medscape.com)
Brand1
- This Diwali, shop for clothing and home decor and the range of footwear from the brand using the Relaxo coupon code. (askmeoffers.com)
Sale3
- The offers at this sale at Relaxo are available for the entire Valentine's week starting from 7th February and lasting till 14th February. (askmeoffers.com)
- Avail of the discount and sale offers from Relaxo at all the exclusive Relaxo online and offline stores. (askmeoffers.com)
- Shop for the Sparx products at Relaxo using the Relaxo coupon code for the ultimate thrift shopping sale. (askmeoffers.com)
Newest1
- Acu Relaxo represents the newest and best in technological innovation in acupuncture needle production. (lierre.ca)
Year1
- Since then, the patient has been treated with 3-month cycles of oral porcine relaxin twice a year. (medscape.com)
Made2
- Based on an ancient formula Relaxant Herb Tea is made of high quality wild herbs. (taoofherbs.com)
- Acu Relaxo needles are made with the highest quality German stainless steel, and their shaft is refined to perfection through repeated polishing: the silicone-coated needle shaft surface becomes incredibly smooth, and they slide easily into the skin. (lierre.ca)
Quality1
- Compared with the popular brands of acupuncture needles in the market, Acu Relaxo needles are competitive both in its quality and affordability. (lierre.ca)
Groups2
- In 1 study, said to be the first of its kind to evaluate relaxin in stroke patients, 36 poststroke patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 18 patients each, with 1 group receiving rehabilitation in addition to oral porcine relaxin ( Vitalaxin Plus , Sky BioHealth), 40 mg/day, and the other group receiving only rehabilitation. (medscape.com)
- They randomly assigned 20 patients with peripheral artery disease (mean age, 67 years) into 2 groups, 1 receiving oral porcine relaxin, 20 mg b.i.d. for 12 weeks, and the other a placebo. (medscape.com)
Days1
- Analyses performed at baseline and at 20 and 40 days showed that patients who received relaxin had greater improvements in general conditions and rehabilitation exercises. (medscape.com)
Study1
- In another study, Dr. Bigazzi and colleagues hypothesized that relaxin could be effective in the treatment of peripheral artery disease for various reasons. (medscape.com)
Conditions1
- Small molecule agonists of RXFP1 may be useful in treating acute heart failure (AHF), scleroderma, fibrosis, other conditions associated with the biology of relaxin, and in improving reproductive health and wound healing. (nih.gov)