Reinforcement schedule. Medical search

A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent.

The strengthening of a conditioned response.

Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.

Family in the order COLUMBIFORMES, comprised of pigeons or doves. They are BIRDS with short legs, stout bodies, small heads, and slender bills. Some sources call the smaller species doves and the larger pigeons, but the names are interchangeable.

An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.

A practice whereby tokens representing money, toys, candy, etc., are given as secondary reinforcers contingent upon certain desired behaviors or performances.

The procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without REINFORCEMENT to an organism previously conditioned. It refers also to the diminution of a conditioned response resulting from this procedure.

The strengthening of a response with a social reward such as a nod of approval, a parent's love or attention.

Animal searching behavior. The variable introductory phase of an instinctive behavior pattern or sequence, e.g., looking for food, or sequential courtship patterns prior to mating.

Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.

The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.

Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.

Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.

Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)

The teaching or training of those individuals with subnormal intellectual functioning.

The principle that items experienced together enter into a connection, so that one tends to reinstate the other.

A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.

The application of an unpleasant stimulus or penalty for the purpose of eliminating or correcting undesirable behavior.

Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.

Behavior in which persons hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviation.

An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.

Use of word stimulus to strengthen a response during learning.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Usually refers to the use of mathematical models in the prediction of learning to perform tasks based on the theory of probability applied to responses; it may also refer to the frequency of occurrence of the responses observed in the particular study.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The phenomenon of an organism's responding to all situations similar to one in which it has been conditioned.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.

Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

The tendency to react to stimuli that are different from, but somewhat similar to, the stimulus used as a conditioned stimulus.

Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.

The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.

Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.

A listing of established professional service charges, for specified dental and medical procedures.

Stimulation of the brain, which is self-administered. The stimulation may result in negative or positive reinforcement.

Innate response elicited by sensory stimuli associated with a threatening situation, or actual confrontation with an enemy.

The selection of one food over another.

Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.

Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.

A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.

The observable, measurable, and often pathological activity of an organism that portrays its inability to overcome a habit resulting in an insatiable craving for a substance or for performing certain acts. The addictive behavior includes the emotional and physical overdependence on the object of habit in increasing amount or frequency.

An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.

A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

Induction of a stress reaction in experimental subjects by means of an electrical shock; applies to either convulsive or non-convulsive states.

Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.

Protective places of employment for disabled persons which provide training and employment on a temporary or permanent basis.

Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.

The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.

Psychophysics of remembering. (1/1738)

We present a new model of remembering in the context of conditional discrimination. For procedures such as delayed matching to sample, the effect of the sample stimuli at the time of remembering is represented by a pair of Thurstonian (normal) distributions of effective stimulus values. The critical assumption of the model is that, based on prior experience, each effective stimulus value is associated with a ratio of reinforcers obtained for previous correct choices of the comparison stimuli. That ratio determines the choice that is made on the basis of the matching law. The standard deviations of the distributions are assumed to increase with increasing retention-interval duration, and the distance between their means is assumed to be a function of other factors that influence overall difficulty of the discrimination. It is a behavioral model in that choice is determined by its reinforcement history. The model predicts that the biasing effects of the reinforcer differential increase with decreasing discriminability and with increasing retention-interval duration. Data from several conditions using a delayed matching-to-sample procedure with pigeons support the predictions. (+info)

Effects of promazine, chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on treadle pressing by pigeons under a signalled shock-postponement schedule. (2/1738)

The effects of promazine on treadle pressing to postpone the presentation of electric shock were studied in three pigeons. The effects of chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital were studied in two of these pigeons. Each treadle press postponed electric shock for 20 sec and presentation of a preshock stimulus for 14 sec. Selected doses of both promazine and chlorpromazine increased the rates of treadle pressing in all birds. The response-rate increases produced by promazine and chlorpromazine were due to increased conditional probabilities of treadle pressing both before and during the preshock stimulus. d-Amphetamine (1 and 3 mg/kg) slightly increased responding in one of the birds, but not to the extent that promazine or chlorpromazine did. In the other bird, the 10 mg/kg dose of d-amphetamine increased shock rate but did not change response rate. Some doses of d-amphetamine increased the conditional probabilities of responding both in the absence of the preshock signal and during the preshock signal in both birds. Pentobarbital only decreased response rates and increased shock rates. (+info)

The effects of d-amphetamine on the temporal control of operant responding in rats during a preshock stimulus. (3/1738)

The operant behavior of six rats was maintained by a random-interval schedule of reinforcement. Three-minute periods of noise were superimposed on this behavior, each period ending with the delivery of an unavoidable shock. Overall rates of responding were generally lower during the periods of noise than in its absence (conditioned suppression). These suppressed response rates also exhibited temporal patterning, with responding becoming less frequent as each noise period progressed. The effects of d-amphetamine on this behavioral baseline were then assessed. In four animals the relative response rates during the noise and in its absence suggested that the drug produced a dose-related decrease in the amount of conditioned suppression. However, this effect was often due to a decrease in the rates of responding in the absence of the preshock stimulus, rather than to an increase in response rates during the stimulus. Temporal patterning in response rates during the preshock stimulus was abolished, an effect that was interpreted in terms of rate-dependent effect of d-amphetamine. This study thus extends rate-dependent analyses of the effects of amphetamines to the patterns of operant behavior that occur during a preshock stimulus, and which have been discussed in terms of the disrupting effects of anxiety on operant behavior. (+info)

On the relation between object manipulation and stereotypic self-injurious behavior. (4/1738)

Results from a number of studies have shown an inverse relationship between stereotypic behavior and object manipulation. The purposes of this study were to determine whether techniques similar to those used previously (prompting and reinforcement) would be effective in increasing object manipulation under both prompted and unprompted conditions, and to ascertain whether increases in object manipulation would result in decreases in stereotypic self-injurious behavior (SIB). Two individuals with developmental disabilities who engaged in SIB maintained by automatic reinforcement participated. Results showed that object manipulation increased from baseline levels when experimenters prompted participants to manipulate leisure items, but that object manipulation was not maintained under unprompted conditions, and rates of SIB stayed within baseline levels. We then attempted to increase object manipulation further by (a) reinforcing object manipulation, (b) blocking SIB while reinforcing manipulation, and (c) preventing SIB by applying protective equipment while reinforcing object manipulation. Reinforcing object manipulation alone did not affect levels of object manipulation. Blocking effectively reduced attempts to engage in SIB for 1 participant but produced no increase in object manipulation. When the 2nd participant was prevented from engaging in SIB through the use of protective equipment, rates of object manipulation increased dramatically but were not maintained when the equipment was removed. These results suggest that stimulation derived from object manipulation, even when supplemented with arbitrary reinforcement, may not compete with stimulation produced by stereotypic SIB; therefore, direct interventions to reduce SIB are required. (+info)

Examination of ambiguous stimulus preferences with duration-based measures. (5/1738)

Items that produced ambiguous results in an approach-based preference assessment were reassessed using a duration-based assessment. The reinforcing effects of three items on free-operant responding were subsequently tested. The results suggested that the duration-based assessment produced slightly more differentiated results and that predictions about reinforcer value, based on this assessment, were accurate. (+info)

Rat strain differences in the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses and in the effects of diazepam. (6/1738)

Adult male albino rats of three strains--Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Holtzman--were trained to press a lever to avoid electric shocks under Sidman-type (R-S interval-20 sec; S-S interval=5 sec) and discriminated avoidance (ITI-15 sec; warning duration=5 sec) schedules, and the acquisition processes of avoidance responses, and the properties of behavioral baselines were investigated. Under both schedules, Wistar strain rats, though showing poorer results than the other two in the beginning, rapidly progressed with the repetitive training, and finally displayed excellent and stable performances. Srague-Dawley strain rats were poorer in performances, with delayed acquisition and prolonged warm-up effect in the within-session performance. The results of Holtzman strain rats ranked between the two. After the establishment of stable behavioral baselines under both schedules, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg of diazepam were given subcutaneously, and it was found that in Wistar and Holtzman strain rats, the avoidance responses were inhibited together with increase of delivered shocks in parallel to the doses. In Sprague-Dawley strain rats, however, the avoidance responses were conversely improved with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, while such tended to be inhibited with 2.0 mg/kg, with marked concomitant ataxia. As definite strain differences in avoidance response were demonstrated herein, selection of the most appropriate strain should be made when designing behavioral experiments. (+info)

The role of the response-reinforcer relation in delay-of-reinforcement effects. (7/1738)

The role of the response-reinforcer relation in maintaining operant behavior under conditions of delayed reinforcement was investigated by using a two-operandum (i.e., two-key) procedure with pigeons. Responding on one key was reinforced under a tandem variable-interval differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (tandem VI DRO) schedule. The schedule defined a resetting unsignaled delay-of-reinforcement procedure in that a response was required when the interfood interval of the VI schedule lapsed, but further responding during the DRO component on either key reset the time interval. This ensured a fixed delay duration between any response and reinforcement. Responding on another key, physically identical to the first one except for spatial location, otherwise was without consequence. The location of the key correlated with the delay-of-reinforcement procedure varied between sessions according to a semirandom sequence. Differences in response rates between the two keys were greater, with proportionally higher rates on the key correlated with the delay-of-reinforcement procedure, the longer the delay-of-reinforcement procedure remained correlated with the same key. Differences in responding on the two keys also increased within individual sessions. These results suggest that the response-reinforcer relation is the primary determinant of responding when responding is acquired and maintained with delayed reinforcement. (+info)

Time and memory: towards a pacemaker-free theory of interval timing. (8/1738)

A popular view of interval timing in animals is that it is driven by a discrete pacemaker-accumulator mechanism that yields a linear scale for encoded time. But these mechanisms are fundamentally at odds with the Weber law property of interval timing, and experiments that support linear encoded time can be interpreted in other ways. We argue that the dominant pacemaker-accumulator theory, scalar expectancy theory (SET), fails to explain some basic properties of operant behavior on interval-timing procedures and can only accommodate a number of discrepancies by modifications and elaborations that raise questions about the entire theory. We propose an alternative that is based on principles of memory dynamics derived from the multiple-time-scale (MTS) model of habituation. The MTS timing model can account for data from a wide variety of time-related experiments: proportional and Weber law temporal discrimination, transient as well as persistent effects of reinforcement omission and reinforcement magnitude, bisection, the discrimination of relative as well as absolute duration, and the choose-short effect and its analogue in number-discrimination experiments. Resemblances between timing and counting are an automatic consequence of the model. We also argue that the transient and persistent effects of drugs on time estimates can be interpreted as well within MTS theory as in SET. Recent real-time physiological data conform in surprising detail to the assumptions of the MTS habituation model. Comparisons between the two views suggest a number of novel experiments. (+info)

ISBN 0-85390-013-2. Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. New York: Appleton Century Crofts (see ... Skinner's original work on schedules of reinforcement were White Carneaux. The Carneau originated in northern France and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carneau

Concurrent schedules of reinforcement can be thought of as "or" schedules, and superimposed schedules of reinforcement can be ... That would be a reinforcement structure of three superimposed concurrent schedules of reinforcement. An example of the use of ... This is called an "interval schedule". In addition, ratio schedules can deliver reinforcement following fixed or variable ... the reinforcement structures are called "concurrent schedules of reinforcement". In creating the laboratory analogy of social ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_trap

ISBN 978-0-87411-487-4. Cheney, Carl D.; Ferster, Charles B. (1997). Schedules of Reinforcement (B.F. Skinner Reprint Series). ... Ferster, C.B. & Skinner, B.F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Malott, Richard W. ... The treat is the positive reinforcement to the behavior of sitting. The key to making positive reinforcement effect is to ... summarized in his books The Behavior of Organisms and Schedules of Reinforcement. Of particular importance was his concept of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism

Cheney, Carl D.; Ferster, Charles B. (1997). Schedules of Reinforcement (B.F. Skinner Reprint Series). Acton, MA: Copley ... Ferster, C.B., and Skinner, B.F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. ... and Schedules of Reinforcement.[6] Of particular importance was his concept of the operant response, of which the canonical ... Skinner carried out substantial experimental work on the effects of different schedules and rates of reinforcement on the rates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism?diff=384398527

1957). Schedules of Reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Chen, M. K.; et al. (2006). "How Basic Are Behavioral ... the researchers describe pecking and bar-pressing not in terms of reinforcement and stimulus-response relationships but instead ... political theory and economics which proposes positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence the behavior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_economics

A reinforcement schedule may be defined as "any procedure that delivers reinforcement to an organism according to some well- ... Schedules of reinforcement are rules that control the delivery of reinforcement. The rules specify either the time that ... Fixed ratio schedule: Reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses have been emitted since the previous reinforcement ... This schedule typically yields a very high, persistent rate of response. Continuous reinforcement: Reinforcement occurs after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

... calling it the schedules of reinforcement. The most notable schedules of reinforcement studied by Skinner were continuous, ... This schedule yields a response rate that is low just after reinforcement and becomes rapid just before the next reinforcement ... Ratio schedules: based on the ratio of responses to reinforcements. Fixed Ratio schedule (FR): A procedure in which ... Interval schedule: based on the time intervals between reinforcements. Fixed Interval schedule (FI): A procedure in which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner

C.B. Ferster (1970). Schedules of reinforcement with Skinner. In P. B. Dews (Ed.), Festschrift for B. F. Skinner (pp. 37-46 at ... William N. Schoenfeld Books Schedules of Reinforcement, with B.F. Skinner, 1957 ISBN 0-13-792309-0. An Introduction to the ... schedules of reinforcement, discriminative stimuli and the like. Professors of Psychology, Physics, Anthropology, Psychiatry, ... co-authoring the book Schedules of Reinforcement (1957). Ferster received his bachelor's degree at Rutgers University in 1947 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ferster

Ferster, C. B.; Skinner, B. F. Schedules of reinforcement. New York: 1957.[page needed] Gordon, Michael (1979). "The assessment ... ISBN 1-58391-028-X. Berlin, H. A.; Rolls, E. T.; Kischka, U (2004). "Impulsivity, time perception, emotion and reinforcement ... Mazur, James E. (1987). "An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement". In Commons, Michael L.; Mazur, James E.; ... eds.). The effect of delay and of intervening events on reinforcement value. Quantitative analyses of behavior: Vol. 5. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulsivity

... on interval reinforcement schedules. Psychonomic Science, 4, 287-288. Temporal effects of reinforcement: A negative " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram_Amsel

showed that reinforcement schedule has little effect on maintaining behavior change. A point made in a study by Wemyss et al. ... "Reinforcement Schedule Effects on Long-Term Behavior Change". The Psychological Record. 65 (2): 347-353. doi:10.1007/s40732-014 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasive_technology

Reinforcement should be provided according to a predetermined schedule. Such a schedule of reinforcement specifies whether all ... While continuous reinforcement in a fixed ratio schedule may be necessary for the initial learning stages, a variable ratio ... called negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement techniques such as petting, kind words, rewarding of treats, and clicker ... Negative reinforcement Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, which causes the occurrences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_training

Topics include memory, stimulus characteristics of schedules of reinforcement, etc. Conceptually, sensitivity refers to how ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_theory

Each player has a schedule of reinforcements. Most German forces are present on the map to begin with, although some appear ... The German player also receives extra reinforcements at Warsaw and Bucharest when the Soviets draw near to these cities, or in ... Move your units Position air units Check for reinforcements, withdrawals, etc. Railroad movement Attack enemy units Second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Russian_Campaign

Incomplete at the time (but on schedule for finishing by the end of the year) was the new 4,000-seat ballroom and attached ... Reinforcement pilings began to be emplaced the first week of September. These consisted of fifty 40-foot (12 m) high ... By August 10, excavation work was two weeks ahead of schedule, and 80 percent complete. All foundation work was expected to be ... The excavation was now six weeks behind schedule, incurring a $2,000-a-day loss ($17,111 per day in 2019 dollars). Hunkin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Convention_Center_(demolished)

The left flank of IR 161 had been "demolished" by the British attack and reinforcements from IR 65, were only able to reach the ... The 48th Brigade on the left attacked on schedule, which brought down a German counter-barrage. The battalions of the 47th ... Further attempts to advance with reinforcements also failed. North of the 47th Brigade, the battalion on the right side of the ... German artillery and machine-gun fire forced the battalion back; another battalion was sent forward as reinforcements but took ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ginchy

... negative reinforcement). The strength of reinforcement or punishment is dependent on schedule and timing. A reinforcer or ... Depression is understood as a lack of reinforcement (especially positive reinforcement) leading to the extinction of behavior ... increases the breakpoint in a progressive ratio self-reinforcement schedule; subjects will be willing to go to greater lengths ... As opposed to in drive theory, which involves negative reinforcement: a stimulus has been associated with the removal of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation

... negative reinforcement). The strength of reinforcement or punishment is dependent on schedule and timing. A reinforcer or ... Depression is understood as a lack of reinforcement (especially positive reinforcement) leading to the extinction of behavior ... As opposed to in drive theory, which involves negative reinforcement: a stimulus has been associated with the removal of the ... The CET essentially states that social-contextual events like feedback and reinforcement can cause feelings of competence and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_theory

... characterized by positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, in order to alter the cognitions, thoughts, and emotions ... This schedule is maintained until the animals learn the task. Extinction in non-human primates is analogous, with some ... The animal is seated in a ventilated chamber and trained on a schedule of drug self-administration. In many studies the self- ... Lussier JP, Heil SH, Mongeon JA, Badger GJ, Higgins ST (February 2006). "A meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relapse

Reinforcement schedules may also make gamblers persist in gambling even after repeated losses.[medical citation needed] This is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling

"Escape and avoidance response of preschool children to two schedules of reinforcement withdrawal". Journal of the Experimental ... Baer, D. M. (1961). "The effect withdrawal of positive reinforcement on an extinguishing response in young children". Child ... "withdrawal of positive reinforcement" as a means of reducing behavior (Baer, 1961, p. 1). While at the University of Washington ... Baer and Bijou conducted an array of research on the effects of reinforcement contingencies on children (Anonymous, 2002). An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_M._Baer

There are multiple schedules of reinforcement that affect the future probability of behavior. Punishment is a process by which ... Periodic thinning that produces a 30% decrease in reinforcement has been suggested as an efficient way to thin. Schedule ... Reinforcement is the key element in operant conditioning and in most behavior change programs. It is the process by which ... As with reinforcement, a stimulus can be added (positive punishment) or removed (negative punishment). Broadly, there are three ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis

1957). Schedules of Reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.. *^ Chen, M. K.; et al. (2006). "How Basic Are Behavioral ... Nudge is a concept in behavioral science, political theory and economics which proposes positive reinforcement and indirect ... the researchers describe pecking and bar-pressing not in terms of reinforcement and stimulus-response relationships but instead ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_economics

... you might opt to follow a specific reinforcement schedule. As you'll see below, some schedules are best suited to certain types ... A schedule of reinforcement is basically a rule stating which instances of a behavior will be reinforced. In some case, a ... In operant conditioning, schedules of reinforcement are an important component of the learning process. When and how often we ... Either positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement might be used, depending on the situation. In both cases, the goal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_discipline

... and time-based reinforcement schedules". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 91 (2): 185-96. doi:10.1901/jeab. ... May ME & Kennedy CH (2009). "Aggression as positive reinforcement in mice under various ratio- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralistic_fallacy

... schedules of reinforcement, and the philosophy of science. His doctoral dissertation examined research and theory on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Schmorrow

"Reinforcement at lock" (Press release). Sharks. 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved ... TheSharksZA (15 December 2017). "As we head into the last 10 days of our Advent Calendar, we're proud to announce that dynamic ... TheSharksZA (7 December 2017). "As we head into the second day of our Advent signing calendar, we are proud to announce another ... TheSharksZA (14 December 2017). "Today's advent calendar reveals that prop, John-Hubert Meyer, will be with the @CellC Sharks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2018–19_Super_Rugby_transfers_(South_Africa)

"Reinforcement at lock" (Press release). Sharks. 18 September 2017. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved ... TheSharksZA (15 December 2017). "As we head into the last 10 days of our Advent Calendar, we're proud to announce that dynamic ... TheSharksZA (7 December 2017). "As we head into the second day of our Advent signing calendar, we are proud to announce another ... TheSharksZA (21 December 2017). "As we head into the last couple days of our Advent Calendar, we're proud to announce that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2019–20_Super_Rugby_transfers_(South_Africa)

As with multiple schedules, independent schedules of reinforcement can function in each terminal-link context. The relative ... on separate variable-interval 60-s schedules of intermittent food reinforcement across two components of a multiple schedule. ... or low-response-rate schedules can yield highly variable response rates even though overall reinforcement rates are equal. Thus ... This is because variations in reinforcement contingencies such as differential-reinforcement-of-high- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_momentum

... and schedules of reinforcement. It also included individual act instructions such as descriptions act goals, target behaviors, ... He used positive reinforcement and believed in the importance of a trusting, patient, and affectionate relationship between a ... The trainers train these animals by using a positive reinforcement method called operant conditioning. Trainers use two types ... of focus when a trainer works with an animal across physical space or an interval of time that causes immediate reinforcement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_mammal_training

Following the late-1947 announcement that the British would withdraw from Palestine months ahead of schedule, however, the ... The British continued to conduct searches and arrests, and began dispatching military reinforcements to Palestine. The Haganah ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Palestine

Wang Xudang, Li Zuixiong, and Zhang Lu (2010). "Condition, Conservation, and Reinforcement of the Yumen Pass and Hecang Earthen ... Dunhuang Train Schedule (in Chinese). *^ 格尔木至敦煌铁路开工, Renmin Tielu Bao, 2012-10-20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang

Here inmates had daily schedules sixteen hours long where they participated in activities and showed discipline. Some ... reinforcement, extinction, resource provision, concrete verbal suggestions (symbolic modeling, giving reasons, prompting) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recidivism

... which he derived from the matching law he had observed in studies of concurrent schedules of reinforcement, should be regarded ... The modern version of the law of effect is conveyed by the notion of reinforcement as it is found in operant conditioning. The ... complete the goal of getting food pellets and liquid sucrose in consistent sessions on identical variable-interval schedules.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_effect

... then went to a seasonal schedule. The stress and financial resources it took to build and maintain a state-of-the-art marine ... Julie Scardina gives a SeaWorld "employee" some positive reinforcement. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaworld

In addition, calendar reforms adopted in Europe at this time were disseminated amongst the indigenous Christians of Tunis, ... and provided the intellectual foundation for new nationalistic ideologies and the reinforcement of the self-image of many ... The Great Mosque of Kairouan, founded in 670 AD (The year 50 according to the Islamic calendar) by the Arab general and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam

Bohemian Club members can schedule private day-use events at the Grove any time it is not being used for Club-wide purposes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian_Grove

Thus, in the year 7207 of the old Russian calendar, Peter proclaimed that the Julian Calendar was in effect and the year was ... In the Battle of Lesnaya, Charles suffered his first loss after Peter crushed a group of Swedish reinforcements marching from ... All other dates in this article are in Gregorian calendar (see Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe). ... Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia

Variations in effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement.". In Black A, Prokasky WF. Classical Conditioning II. New ... as US such as food to a hungry mouse is simply delivered on a regular time schedule such as every thirty seconds. After ... Mackintosh NJ (1975). "A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement". Psychological ... Chan CK, Harris JA (August 2017). "Extinction of Pavlovian conditioning: The influence of trial number and reinforcement ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning

The drug is an illegal Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, and the foreign facilities in which it is ... Proposed models of affect-driven tobacco use have focused on negative reinforcement as the primary driving force for addiction ... Main article: Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training. Behavioral models make use of principles of functional ... Behavior models exist for both working with the substance abuser (Community Reinforcement Approach) and their family (Community ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation

Buck, Caitlin E.; Bard, Edouard (2007). "A calendar chronology for Pleistocene mammoth and horse extinction in North America ... and positive and negative reinforcement.[92] One study has indicated that horses can differentiate between "more or less" if ... The horse also appears in the 12-year cycle of animals in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.[207] ... horses are not deemed mature enough to compete until they are a full 60 calendar months (five years) old.[12] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses

Calendar Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total. ... A number of reinforcements were also made throughout the chassis. A Club Sport Package is also available, featuring a rear half ... Calendar Year. U.S.A. (Normal/Special). North America. Rest of World. Total. Notes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_Boxster

On the 6th, the Épervier Force, base in Chad, provided a C130 Hercules and a CN-235 CASA to airlift reinforcements from ... because it is falling further and further behind schedule and does not at all match the speed that is necessary to react to ... Reinforcements from the Gendarmerie nationale and the 152nd Infantry Regiment since April 2014. ... This aimed at making the airport suitable for the arrival of the French force and its likely reinforcements.[24] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sangaris

The horse also appears in the 12-year cycle of animals in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.[207] ... and positive and negative reinforcement.[92] One study has indicated that horses can differentiate between "more or less" if ... horses are not deemed mature enough to compete until they are a full 60 calendar months (five years) old.[12] ... where the minimum age to compete is based on the animal's actual calendar age.[12] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse

Reinforcement learning. References[edit]. *^ a b Cormen, T. H.; Leiserson, C. E.; Rivest, R. L.; Stein, C. (2001), Introduction ... in the sense of a military schedule for training or logistics. This usage is the same as that in the phrases linear programming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming

LSD is a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (February 2017).[130] A Schedule 9 substance ... Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). ... CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link): LSD is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act. ... LSD is Schedule I in the United States, according to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.[134] This means LSD is illegal to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSD

The emperor was cut off from supplies and reinforcements for seven days, only narrowly escaping capture. ... Calendar and the Annals (abridged ed.). iUniversе. p. 419. ISBN 978-1532058301. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu_Empire

... in secondary schools where students moving up from primary schools may need assistance in settling into the whole new schedule ... self-reinforcement, and parenting competence.[67] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_support

... schedule I, II, III, IV, or V in the Controlled Substances Act. The drugs are classified on their deemed potential for abuse. ... community reinforcement approach, exposure therapy, contingency management[34][35] They help suppress cravings and mental ... "Implementation of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) in a Long-Standing Addictions Outpatient Clinic" (PDF). Journal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse

negative reinforcement. *Climate of fear. *Traumatic bonding. Other techniques. *Bait-and-switch ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasive

The Tour Down Under is the first event of the UCI World Tour calendar. ... Substantial investment has been made in maintenance and reinforcement of the electricity supply network to provide continued ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide

Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods PMID 25135678 https://doi ... As required versus fixed schedule analgesic administration for postoperative pain in children PMID 25719451 https://doi.org/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Cochrane/Cochrane_Review_List/Musculoskeletal,_Oral,_Skin_and_Sensory

... the Old Style Julian Calendar and the New Style Gregorian Calendar. Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar ... Nicholas, informed of the situation by Rodzianko, ordered reinforcements to the capital and suspended the Duma.[91] However, it ... 1 March 1881 in the Julian Calendar then in use in Russia, which is the same day as 13 March 1881 in the Gregorian Calendar ... The date was 2 March 1917 in the Julian Calendar then in use in Russia, which is the same day as 15 March 1917 in the Gregorian ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Nicholas_II

It is a Schedule I drug by the Controlled Drugs and Substances act in Canada, a List I drug of the Opium Law in the Netherlands ... Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). ... PCP is a Schedule II substance in the United States and its ACSCN is 7471.[78] Its manufacturing quota for 2014 was 19 grams.[ ... Established Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Established Assessment of Annual Needs ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine

According to the Gregorian calendar, the king died on 16 November, but the Julian calendar ("old style") was still used in ... But he was soon able to consolidate the Protestant position in the north, using reinforcements from Sweden and money supplied ... "Swedish Festival Calendar". Swedish Language Training London. Retrieved 20 February 2014.. *^ "Förordning (1982:270) om ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden

Eaton WW, Anthony JC, Gallo J (1997). «Natural history of diagnostic interview schedule/DSM-IV major depression. The Baltimore ... Abreu, PR & Santos, CE (2008). Behavioral Models of Depression: A Critique of the Emphasis on Positive Reinforcement. ...

https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressiv_lidelse

However, the steel reinforcement in the concrete must not be exposed in order to prevent its corrosion as this could ... making steel a schedule-friendly construction material.[9] ... there is enough concrete covering any steel reinforcement to ... This is already common practice in reinforced concrete in that the steel reinforcement is used to provide steel's tensile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_steel

Reinforcement pool[edit]. Initially, the division was used to provide a pool of reinforcements for the divisions which had been ... Landing on schedule, VI Corps surprised the Germans, but Major General Lucas's decision to consolidate the beachhead instead of ... Because of heavy casualties and slow reinforcement rates, the Army looked to the National Guard to provide additional units to ... individual unit commanders went to great lengths to integrate reinforcements from different areas and ethnicity into their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)

... as well as structural reinforcement and modified avionics.[71] The four KC-767Js ordered by Japan have been delivered.[75] The ... 42 months behind schedule.[82] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_767-200

You are here: Home / Test Division / Reference Database / 1950 to 1959 / 1955 / Reinforcement schedule, intertrial activity, ... Reinforcement schedule, intertrial activity, and verbal operant conditioning. Psychological Reports, 22(3, Pt 2):1037 --1040. ...

https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/bibliography/1950-1959/1955/david_reinforcement_1955

... to see how the schedules affect their behavior. Resource includes lesson plan, student organizer, and ticket out the door with ... to see how the schedules affect their behavior. Resource includes lesson plan, student organizer, and ticket out the door with ... Students will apply schedules of reinforcement as they gamble ... Students will apply schedules of reinforcement as they gamble ... Students will apply schedules of reinforcement as they gamble to see how the schedules affect their behavior. Resource ...

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Psychology-Schedules-of-Reinforcement-3511075

Each schedule was specified in terms of mean interval, which determined the maximum rate of reinforcement possible, and ... Interval schedules of reinforcement maintained pigeons key-pecking in six experiments. ... Interval schedules of reinforcement maintained pigeons key-pecking in six experiments. Each schedule was specified in terms of ... 2 and 3, several variable-interval schedules made up of different sequences of intervals were examined. In each schedule, the ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/quantitative-analysis-responding-maintained-by/5672248.html

... schedule was challenged by pretreatment with a 1.0 mg/kg dose of the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide. Large decreases in ... Effects of pimozide on lever pressing behavior maintained on an intermittent reinforcement schedule Pharmacol Biochem Behav. ... Lever pressing for food on a variable interval (2.5 min) schedule was challenged by pretreatment with a 1.0 mg/kg dose of the ... rate were recorded even during the first few minutes of the test session before the rats had received any reinforcement. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7403207/?dopt=Abstract

Results: The partial reinforcement extinction effect was confirmed: We observed slower acquisition and extinction in the ... Conclusion: Both reinforcement contingencies and working memory relate to acquisition performance. Potential implications for ... BPT is based on operant learning principles, yet how operant principles shape behavior (through the partial reinforcement (PRF ... This study explored the partial reinforcement extinction effect and the role of working memory therein using experimental tasks ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00394/full

We then examined effects of interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement on photo-pulse train reinforcement, which was ... with inter-reinforcement interval schedules of 3 or 10 s or ratio schedules requiring multiple responses per reinforcement. ... which was contrasted with food reinforcement. Reinforcement with food inhibited lever pressing for a few seconds, after which ... Reinforcement with food inhibited lever pressing for a few seconds, after which pressing was robustly regulated in a goal- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00155/full

In the present study we test whether two different schedules of food reinforcement, fixed ratio continuous reinforcement and ... Acoustic differences between continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement schedules. Baseline. During the baseline ... trained on a continuous reinforcement schedule but before any birds were moved to a partial reinforcement feeding schedule. ... broken into continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement feeding schedules. Best fit linear line added to show trends ...

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/18/3016

Effects of Chronic Methylphenidate on Cocaine Self-Administration under a Progressive-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement in Rhesus ... Effects of Chronic Methylphenidate on Cocaine Self-Administration under a Progressive-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement in Rhesus ... Chronic Methylphenidate and Cocaine Reinforcement in Monkeys. Paul W. Czoty, Susan E. Martelle, Robert W. Gould and Michael A. ... Chronic Methylphenidate and Cocaine Reinforcement in Monkeys. Paul W. Czoty, Susan E. Martelle, Robert W. Gould and Michael A. ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/345/3/374.full

The efficacy of different schedules of reinforcement (progressive and fixed) for promoting and sustaining cigarette abstinence ... An Experimental Comparison of Three Different Schedules of Reinforcement of Drug Abstinence Using Cigarette Smoking as an ... The efficacy of different schedules of reinforcement (progressive and fixed) for promoting and sustaining cigarette abstinence ... Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Intervention, Maintenance, Positive Reinforcement, Program ...

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ540944

The schedule with which the vouchers are disbursed has been studied and results suggest that those schedules that incorporate ... The comparator schedule generally outperformed the other schedules in initiating and in maintaining abstinence from ... In this paper we explore several other scheduling arrangements while using the escalating schedule with a reset contingency as ... escalating magnitude of reinforcement for consecutive instances of abstinence and a reset contingency, which reduces the value ...

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ750159

Human response rates and causality judgments on schedules of reinforcement. Learning and Motivation , 32 pp. 332-348. ...

http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/106018/

... on rats choices to earn food reinforcement by completing variable-ratio (VR; i.e., gambling-like) or fixed-ratio (FR) response ... Mirtazapine and ketanserin alter preference for gambling-like schedules of reinforcement in rats.. *Amanda L Persons, Stephanie ... Effects of acute pramipexole on preference for gambling-like schedules of reinforcement in rats. @article{Johnson2010EffectsOA ... title={Effects of acute pramipexole on preference for gambling-like schedules of reinforcement in rats}, author={Patrick S. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effects-of-acute-pramipexole-on-preference-for-of-Johnson-Madden/a847ef4a93f8877e7be9d1f913d2c9d3e55ee867

These effects were especially evident during the FR 100 schedule of reinforcement. A comparison of reinforcement rate as a ... These findings suggest that responding on FR schedules of reinforcement can be altered by the various procedures used to train ... schedules of reinforcement. Both groups were trained for 10 sessions each under FR 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100. In contrast to ... rats to reach the terminal value of a reinforcement schedule. ... schedules of reinforcement. Both groups were trained for 10 ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Septal-lesions-lower-responding-under-fixed-ratio-Poplawsky-Cohen/92ae541d839e0725df9d77e9a2523e9004548a33

Sun Devils Announce Spring Practice Schedule. House of Sparky. via House of Sparky ... Arizona State Footbal Goes Back to a Cali Pipeline for Reinforcements. Kristian SiutaCorrespondent IIJanuary 26, 2010. ...

http://bleacherreport.com/articles/333174-asu-goes-back-to-a-cali-pipeline-for-reinforcements

Motivation and Reinforcement Summary: Motivation is the art of getting people to do things or to do things more efficiently or ... Reinforcement Schedules Work. 1268 Words , 5 Pages Explain how reinforcement schedules work using everyday examples. ... More about Motivation and Reinforcement. * Brand Reinforcement. 3640 Words , 15 Pages * Differential Reinforcement. 2753 Words ... 4 Schedules of reinforcement ………………………………………………………………. 5 • 3.1 Simple schedules ……………………………………………………... 6  3.1.1 Effects of ...

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Motivation-and-Reinforcement-F34HEC4K6ZYS

Reinforcement Schedules A reinforcement schedule is the pattern in which reinforcement is given over time. Reinforcement ... schedules can be continuous or intermittent. In continuous reinforcement, someone provides reinforcement every time a ... In intermittent or partial reinforcement, someone provides reinforcement on only some of the occasions on which the response ... Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response. ...

http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/learning/section2/page/2/

... we draw the formwork in Revit and make the reinforcement in ASD Reinforcement. There is a possibility to model reinforcement in ... I have managed to detail reinforcement and schedule it using revit but was unable to get a total number of bars for each bar ... Stack Formatting Schedules Hoping theres a way to format my schedule so that instead of columns A B C D E all adjacent, it ... I suppose you can model reinforcement in Revit, and then generate bendign schedules. Anybody know an ok step-by-step procedure ...

https://www.revitforum.org/node/3418

Understanding reinforcement schedules and strategies for implementing them can be beneficial to parents and create positive ...

https://graftonmartialarts.com/tag/development/

Incorporating any reinforcement schedule requires planning and patience. Parents must also be clear on the expectations of ... Understanding reinforcement schedules and strategies for implementing them can be beneficial to parents and create positive ... Implementing reinforcement schedules will establish both, but only when implemented correctly and with patience. Adults must ... Various reinforcement schedules can be applied to improve positive behaviors and extinguish unwanted, negative actions. ...

https://pedrosjudo.com/2021/01/04/behavior-shaping-implementing-reinforcement-schedules/

Reinforcement Learning & Reproducibility in ML - Monday, December 11, 2017 - Find event and ticket information. ... Schedule 7:00 - 7:30 PM: Meet & greet. 7:30 - 8:15 PM: Talks ... Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Enterprise by Cyrill ... Cyrill will give an overview of deep reinforcement learning and talk about how it can be applied to real-world use cases. ... But beyond games and toy problems, reinforcement learning has the potential to solve a wide breadth of real-world industrial ...

https://www.eventbrite.com/e/deep-learning-meetup-reinforcement-learning-reproducibility-in-ml-tickets-41091841805

The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format. By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items. To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export. After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format. ...

https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/554547

... Cronin, Ian Raymond ... Cronin, I. R. (2012). Possum Food Preferences under Progressive-Ratio and Concurrent-Schedules of Reinforcement (Thesis, Master ... Experiment 3 used concurrent-schedules, with a PR schedule on one alternative and fixed-ratio (FR) on the other. It was found ... Pmax values of the food on the PR schedule tended to be higher than when the concurrent alternative was on an FR 20 schedule. ...

https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/6638

T1 - Behavioral effects of nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine under a fixed- interval schedule of food reinforcement in rats ... title = "Behavioral effects of nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine under a fixed- interval schedule of food reinforcement in rats ... Behavioral effects of nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine under a fixed- interval schedule of food reinforcement in rats ... Behavioral effects of nicotine, amphetamine and cocaine under a fixed- interval schedule of food reinforcement in rats ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/behavioral-effects-of-nicotine-amphetamine-and-cocaine-under-a-fi-3

A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses occur. Example in everyday ... Definition: A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of time has elapsed. ... Definition: A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of responses are ... Definition: A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses occur. ...

https://learningbehavioranalysis.com/b-5-schedules/

Events calendar for UCL (University College London) - Londons leading multidisciplinary university. Highlighting public talks ... Reinforcement learning and the basal ganglia: hold your ideas lightly!. Location. 4th Floor Seminar Room , Wellcome Trust ...

http://events.ucl.ac.uk/event/event:g3t-gw4uz70s-y2r2xi/reinforcement-learning-and-the-basal-ganglia-hold-your-ideas-lightly

Using Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement to Decrease Behavior Description: We manipulated delay and magnitude of reinforcers ... in two concurrent schedules of reinforcement to decrease a prevalent behavior while increasing another behavior already in the ... Description: Observational learning (OL) occurs when an individual contacts reinforcement as a direct result of discriminating ... The first experiment manipulated delay, implementing a five second delay between the behavior and delivery of reinforcement for ...

https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNT/browse/?fq=untl_decade%3A2010-2019&

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism?diff=384398527

Reinforcement (Psychology)*. Reinforcement Schedule. Saccharin / administration & dosage. Self Administration / methods. ... These results support the idea that long-term cocaine exposure enhances subsequent reinforcement.. ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Conditioned-activity-instrumental-reinforcement-following/15598142.html

Patent Intranet , Classification Home Page , Classification Search Page , Classification Schedule with Indent Level Site ... REINFORCEMENT. 907 POROUS. 908 FLUID JETS. 909 REGENERATION. 910 TUBE PATTERN. 911 VAPORIZATION. ...

https://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc165/isched165.htm

4 Schedules of Reinforcement.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Schedule Effects.- 2.1. Schedules and Programs.- 2.2. Responses.- 2.3 ... S(D) T x sec N1 S(rf) (Program of FI Schedules).- 2.4. S(D) N n S(rf) (Program of FR Schedules).- 2.5. S(D1) T x sec N1 S(rf), ... Schedules of Reinforcement in Behavioral Pharmacology.- 3.2. How to Express Drug Effects.- 3.3. Effects of Drugs on Responding ... Positive Primary Reinforcement.- 3.2. Positive Secondary Reinforcement.- 3.3. Aversive Control.- 3.4. Discriminative Control by ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/handbook-of-psychopharmacology-volume-7-principles-of-behavioral-pharmacology/oclc/852789655

The PRF extinction effect was confirmed: We observed slower acquisition and extinction in the PRF condition as compared to the continuous reinforcement (CRF) condition. (frontiersin.org)
In the present study we test whether two different schedules of food reinforcement, fixed ratio continuous reinforcement and variable ratio partial reinforcement, cause adult black-capped chickadees to change the structure of their chick-a-dee calls. (biologists.org)
Reinforcement schedules can be continuous or intermittent. (sparknotes.com)
In continuous reinforcement , someone provides reinforcement every time a particular response occurs. (sparknotes.com)
If she finds this amusing and pats him every time he does it, she is providing continuous reinforcement for his behavior. (sparknotes.com)
During shaping of a new behavior, each time you establish the behavior, the dog is being reinforced on a continuous schedule: that is, it does the behavior and it gets the click/treat. (clickertraining.com)
When the dog is meeting the new criterion every time, the reinforcement becomes continuous again. (clickertraining.com)
Furthermore, we predict that the intermittent reinforcement procedures will produce longer periods of continued abstinence (i.e., long-term behavior change) in the year following treatment than the continuous reinforcement procedure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
While continuous reinforcement in a fixed ratio schedule may be necessary for the initial learning stages, a variable ratio schedule is the most effective at maintaining behavior over long periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
Was the continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule used in the Latham Dossett article a true CRF schedule? (powershow.com)
results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement. (studystack.com)
It is hypothesized that, holding cumulative dose constant, a partial schedule of reinforcement will enable patients to better maintain their clinical gains as compared to subjects that receive either continuous reinforcement with half the standard dose or half the frequency of use. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Large decreases in response rate were recorded even during the first few minutes of the test session before the rats had received any reinforcement. (nih.gov)
Mirtazapine and ketanserin alter preference for gambling-like schedules of reinforcement in rats. (semanticscholar.org)
Albino Sprague-Dawley rats with complete septal lesions and rats with control operations were studied under fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement. (semanticscholar.org)
To characterize the behavioral nature of caffeine interactions with other psychomotor stimulants, we examined the effects of chronic caffeine exposure on the behavioral responses to nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine, the selective D agonist SKF-82958 and the selective D 2 receptor agonist NPA, in rats responding under a fixed interval (FI) schedule of food reinforcement. (elsevier.com)
In conclusion, our study revealed that chronic caffeine exposure potentiates the behavioral response to amphetamine and cocaine but not to that of nicotine in rats responding under a FI schedule of food reinforcement. (elsevier.com)
Conditioned activity and instrumental reinforcement following long-term oral consumption of cocaine by rats. (biomedsearch.com)
This study determined if responding in rats could be established using a multiple schedule of either i.v. cocaine or nicotine and sucrose reinforcement. (elsevier.com)
Following training of individual components with each reinforcer, rats were placed on an FR15 60-s timeout multiple schedule of cocaine (0.3mg/kg/infusion) and sucrose (45mg pellets) reinforcement or an FR5 60-s timeout multiple schedule of nicotine (0.03mg/kg/infusion) and sucrose (45mg pellets) reinforcement. (elsevier.com)
Stairs, DJ , Neugebauer, NM & Bardo, MT 2010, ' Nicotine and cocaine self-administration using a multiple schedule of intravenous drug and sucrose reinforcement in rats ', Behavioural Pharmacology , vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 182-193. (elsevier.com)
2002). In those studies rats were exposed to temporally-defined schedules in which different exteroceptive stimuli were added to tD and [t.sup. (thefreelibrary.com)

Orexin signaling via the orexin 1 receptor mediates operant responding for food reinforcement. (nih.gov)
Conditioned suppression occurs when a CS paired with a foot shock US results in a reduction in the baseline operant rate of responding for food reinforcement in the presence of the CS. (scholarpedia.org)

It is suggested that an important aspect of the pimozide-produced response decrement is its effect on the incentive motivational properties of food-associated apparatus cues known to be important in sustaining responding under extinction and partial reinforcement conditions. (nih.gov)
BPT is based on operant learning principles, yet how operant principles shape behavior (through the partial reinforcement (PRF) extinction effect, i.e., greater resistance to extinction that is created when behavior is reinforced partially rather than continuously) and the potential role of working memory therein is scarcely studied in children. (frontiersin.org)
In intermittent or partial reinforcement , someone provides reinforcement on only some of the occasions on which the response occurs. (sparknotes.com)
The proposed investigation 1) is an attempt to advance from a descriptive to an experimental analysis of the placebo effect, taking into account classical conditioning effects, and 2) examines the clinical implications of partial reinforcement as it is applied to the treatment of insomnia. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The schedule with which the vouchers are disbursed has been studied and results suggest that those schedules that incorporate escalating magnitude of reinforcement for consecutive instances of abstinence and a reset contingency, which reduces the value of the vouchers for instances of use, seem to provide the best treatment outcome. (ed.gov)
Patients in the Enhanced condition will have the opportunity to earn the same overall number of draws and magnitude of reinforcement, but the schedule of reinforcement will differ. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Together, these findings suggest that CB1R signaling modulates cellular and synaptic mechanisms in the BLA that may facilitate cocaine-memory strength by enhancing reconsolidation or synaptic reentry reinforcement, or by inhibiting extinction-memory consolidation. (jneurosci.org)
Following treatment, subjects will be entered into an extinction protocol during which they will 1) continue on the schedule assigned during the experimental period, 2) receive only placebo, or 3) receive neither drug nor placebo. (clinicaltrials.gov)

What are the different schedules for reinforcement in operant conditioning? (enotes.com)
Compare and contrast positive and negative reinforcement.In operant conditioning. (enotes.com)

Past studies have suggested a role for the habenula in voluntary exercise motivation and reinforcement of intracranial self-stimulation but have not assigned these effects to specific habenula subnuclei. (jneurosci.org)

Lever pressing for food on a variable interval (2.5 min) schedule was challenged by pretreatment with a 1.0 mg/kg dose of the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide. (nih.gov)

Differential Reinforcement is defined to occur when behavior is reinforced by being either rewarded or punished while interacting with others (Siegel, 2003). (bartleby.com)

A quantitative analysis of the responding maintained by interval schedules of reinforcement. (biomedsearch.com)
Interval schedules of reinforcement maintained pigeons' key-pecking in six experiments. (biomedsearch.com)
2 and 3, several variable-interval schedules made up of different sequences of intervals were examined. (biomedsearch.com)
1. Experiments 4, 5, and 6 examined fixed-interval and two-valued (mixed fixed-interval fixed-interval) schedules, and demonstrated that reinforcement at one time in an interval had substantial effects on responding maintained at other times. (biomedsearch.com)
Indeed, response rates markedly decreased when lever pressing was reinforced with inter-reinforcement interval schedules of 3 or 10 s or ratio schedules requiring multiple responses per reinforcement. (frontiersin.org)
Variable interval schedules are the second strongest basic schedule of reinforcement since the learner cannot identify how much time has to elapse before they will experience reinforcement. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
Likewise, interval schedules can deliver reinforcement following fixed or variable intervals of time following a single response by the organism. (wikipedia.org)
It is interesting to note that Zeiler's (1979) characterization of the chronic variability in interval schedules--"the number of responses per reinforcement is highly variable, but it does not seem to follow a totally random pattern" (p. 113)--is remarkably similar to the subsequent descriptions of chaotic processes advanced by researchers in a wide variety of disciplines. (jsu.edu)

A supervisor provides reinforcement in the form of specific praise statements to their supervisee when they correctly define seven ABA terms (FR 7). (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
On average, the supervisor calculates that the supervisee provides reinforcement to the student for every two responses (VR 2). (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
A staff member provides reinforcement to the client after every three minutes, two minutes, five minutes, and three minutes. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
The supervisor provides reinforcement in the form of bonus points on the quiz every five minutes, four minutes, six minutes and eight minutes they spend studying their SAFEMEDS. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)

The opposite would be to provide negative reinforcement (punishment, consequences) to try to decrease. (enotes.com)

In behavioral psychology there is the idea of "multiple schedules of reinforcement. (industryweek.com)

Skinner significantly extended the analysis of reinforcement. (encyclopedia.com)
In contrast with traditional fixed- and variable-interval reinforcement schedules, in which the response requirement for the production of the reinforcer could be satisfied at any time once the stipulated period by the schedule had elapsed (Ferster & Skinner, 1957), in temporally-defined schedules a limited-hold period for reinforcer delivery is specified. (thefreelibrary.com)
Skinner and Ferster (1957) had demonstrated that reinforcers could be delivered on schedules (schedule of reinforcement), and further that organisms behaved differently under different schedules. (wikipedia.org)

The variability in the behavioral equilibrium established by six basic schedules was characterized. (jsu.edu)
behavioral principles (ignoring undesired behavior, reinforcement, etc. (woodbinehouse.com)

Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response. (sparknotes.com)
We describe the development of computerized shaping simulations and the development of software that teaches students to discriminate among reinforcement schedules on the basis of cumulative records. (springer.com)
Marian Breland Bailey told me she called this a "shaping schedule. (clickertraining.com)

A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses occur. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of responses are emitted. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
Variable ratio schedules are the strongest basic schedule of reinforcement, since the learner cannot identify how may responses they have to emit before contacting reinforcement. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
In the corresponding terminology, the limited-hold period for reinforcement is called [t.sup.D] subcycle, while that in which responses have no consequences is called [t.sup. (thefreelibrary.com)
Regarding responses emitted in the presence of the stimulus correlated with the lowest reinforcement probability, the same author suggested that their frequencies could be a byproduct of the regular alternation of tD and [t.sup. (thefreelibrary.com)
Fixed-Ration (FR) - reinforcements are given after a fixed number of responses. (flashcardmachine.com)

Finally, we predict that the intermittent unpredictable schedule will produce longer lasting behavior change than the intermittent predictable schedule. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The answer is that you have become " Trauma Bonded" to this person through a blend of "Intermittent Reinforcement" and "Stockholm Syndrome. (psychologytoday.com)

In each schedule, the rate of responding at a particular time within an interval was shown to depend at least in part on the local rate of reinforcement at that time, derived from a measure of the probability of reinforcement at that time and the proximity of potential reinforcements at other times. (biomedsearch.com)
In general, authors observed that independently of the physical dimension of stimuli those correlated with the lowest reinforcement probability controlled a higher response frequency than the ones correlated with the highest probability. (thefreelibrary.com)

Can positive reinforcement in some way harm children or adolescents through our use of trying to pull out certain desired behaviors or traits within them? (bartleby.com)
Behavior analysts emphasize the use of positive reinforcement for increasing desirable behaviors [6] and negative punishment for decreasing undesirable behaviors. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, ratio schedules can deliver reinforcement following fixed or variable number of behaviors by the individual organism. (wikipedia.org)
Individual behaviors tend to generate response rates that differ based upon how the reinforcement schedule is created. (wikipedia.org)
All of these systems were focused on experimenting with positive reinforcement and creating positive environments, to see what rewards would be effective, and what systems we'd need to build to sustain these positive behaviors long-term. (surrenderat20.net)

An ambiguity of usage is that reinforcement sometimes refers to delivery of the reinforcer ("the lever press was reinforced" means that lever presses produced food) and sometimes to the resulting behavior change ("the lever press was reinforced" means that lever presses occurred more often because they produced food). (encyclopedia.com)
[15] In order to delay satiation, reinforcer size should be as small as possible and still be effective for reinforcement. (wikipedia.org)

Both reinforcement contingencies and working memory relate to acquisition performance. (frontiersin.org)
The present paper characterizes the chronic variability in behavior maintained under some "simple" contingencies of reinforcement. (jsu.edu)

I suppose you can model reinforcement in Revit, and then generate bendign schedules. (revitforum.org)
Well, depending in what part of the World you are you may like or not like the way Revit handles reinforcement. (revitforum.org)
In (Eastern) Europe, we draw the formwork in Revit and make the reinforcement in ASD Reinforcement. (revitforum.org)
There is a possibility to model reinforcement in Revit, but the transfer to ASD is poor. (revitforum.org)
I have managed to detail reinforcement and schedule it using revit but was unable to get a total number of bars for each bar mark, I had to add this later manually. (revitforum.org)
Revit Structure software provides tools for modeling 3D concrete reinforcement in an advanced Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment. (autodesk.com)
Another boon to structural engineers working with walls is the ability to schedule more wall parameters in Revit 2015. (autodesk.com)

If punishment is going to be used to decrease an undesirable behavior, the animal must be able to receive positive reinforcement for an alternative behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Look for trainers who use only teaching methods that use positive reinforcement for good behavior rather than punishment for unacceptable behavior. (seattlepi.com)

C57BL/6J (n = 76) and OKO (n = 39) mice were trained to nose poke for food under a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. (nih.gov)

Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applications 7. (routledge.com)

Reinforcement schedules and psychophysical judgments. (springer.com)

[13] An animal trainer can use conditioned reinforcers, like clickers, to bridge the interval between response and positive reinforcement. (wikipedia.org)
Keller and Schoenfeld, 1950), Platt recognized that individuals operating for short-term positive gain ("reinforcement") had a tendency to over-exploit a resource, which led to a long-term overall loss to society. (wikipedia.org)
Surrender at 20: Red Post Collection: Using the PBE for "crazy ideas", Taric Being Worked on, Lyte on Positive Reinforcement, and more! (surrenderat20.net)
Tonight's red post collection features Ghostcrawler commenting the PBE will soon see more testing of "crazy ideas, not all of which will make it live", Riot Repertoir noting he's currently working on Taric , Lyte discussing positive reinforcement for player behavior, and more! (surrenderat20.net)
Lyte popped up on reddit and the forums to talk more about Positive reinforcement for summoners, a small hint on the Honor systems updates, and Team Builder. (surrenderat20.net)
At the time, there were lots of questions about positive reinforcement, and if there were any future plans on the 'positive' side of things. (surrenderat20.net)
positive reinforcement schedule, friends monopoly community initiatives synonym? (cnn.com)
Food is an acceptable positive reinforcement training tool. (seattlepi.com)
Our instructors use only safe humane methods such as positive reinforcement. (seattlepi.com)
The best tool in behavior modification is distraction and positive reinforcement. (yahoo.com)

Anybody know an ok step-by-step procedure for the bending schedules? (revitforum.org)

An Experimental Comparison of Three Different Schedules of Reinforcement of Drug Abstinence Using Cigarette Smoking as an Exemplar. (ed.gov)
The efficacy of different schedules of reinforcement (progressive and fixed) for promoting and sustaining cigarette abstinence was compared using 60 cigarette smokers. (ed.gov)
The comparator schedule generally outperformed the other schedules in initiating and in maintaining abstinence from methamphetamine. (ed.gov)
The purpose of this study is to determine if different reinforcement procedures (i.e., schedules) produce different patterns of long-term abstinence from methamphetamine. (clinicaltrials.gov)

An archival data base of the behavior chronically maintained by the simple schedules was also generated. (jsu.edu)

This post shows how to use Amazon SageMaker RL to implement batch reinforcement learning (batch RL), in which the complete amount of learning experience-usually a set of transitions sampled from the system-is given beforehand. (amazon.com)

For each possum, each of the four foods functioned as reinforcers when presented in a single-schedule arrangement, including those foods identified as less preferred. (waikato.ac.nz)

After responding stabilized, a progressive ratio schedule was initiated to evaluate motivation to obtain food reinforcement. (nih.gov)
Moreover, OKO mice did not differ from WT mice under a progressive ratio schedule, indicating delayed learning processes but no motivational impairments. (nih.gov)

When using a fixed ratio schedule, the person who is receiving reinforcement may become aware of how much work they have to do in order to get access to reinforcement. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
Behavior analysts should consider the size of the ratio and rate of responding when using a fixed ratio schedule. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)

Learn how to use the standard reinforcement modeling, drawing, and scheduling tools. (autodesk.com)

METHODS: An electronic literature search of MEDLINE database plus manual reference checks of articles published on laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery, bleeding and the use of staple-line reinforcement. (sages.org)

One purpose of the current study is to assess the efficacy of a prize reinforcement intervention for reducing cigarette smoking. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A second purpose is to test the differential efficacy of two schedules of reinforcement, using cigarette smoking as an exemplar. (clinicaltrials.gov)

These results support the idea that long-term cocaine exposure enhances subsequent reinforcement. (biomedsearch.com)
Both cocaine and nicotine maintained significant levels of responding under the multiple schedule. (elsevier.com)

A powerful machine learning technique for solving problems in dynamic and adaptive environments, deep reinforcement learning has recently accomplished previously unsolvable tasks like the game AlphaGo. (eventbrite.com)
The Reinforcement Learning Specialization consists of 4 courses exploring the power of adaptive learning systems and artificial intelligence (AI). (coursera.org)

As soon as you want to improve the behavior, however, and you raise a criterion, the dog is on a less predictable schedule. (clickertraining.com)

We then examined effects of interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement on photo-pulse train reinforcement, which was contrasted with food reinforcement. (frontiersin.org)
Reinforcement with food inhibited lever pressing for a few seconds, after which pressing was robustly regulated in a goal-directed manner. (frontiersin.org)
It was also found that when the concurrent alternative was on an FR 50 schedule, the response rates, break points and Pmax values of the food on the PR schedule tended to be higher than when the concurrent alternative was on an FR 20 schedule. (waikato.ac.nz)
As a classical example of reinforcement, imagine a rat in a chamber with a lever and a cup into which food pellets can be delivered. (encyclopedia.com)
The CER is often referred to as conditioned suppression because the learned response is a CS-elicited reduction in the rate of free-operant response rates established by food reward using various schedules of reinforcement. (scholarpedia.org)

Potential implications for BPT are that decreasing working memory load may enhance the chance of optimally learning through reinforcement. (frontiersin.org)
But beyond games and toy problems, reinforcement learning has the potential to solve a wide breadth of real-world industrial applications, including robotics, manufacturing, energy and supply chain. (eventbrite.com)
Cyrill will give an overview of deep reinforcement learning and talk about how it can be applied to real-world use cases. (eventbrite.com)
Reinforcement learning and the basal ganglia: hold your ideas lightly! (ucl.ac.uk)
In addition to building ML models using more commonly used supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, you can also build reinforcement learning (RL) models using Amazon SageMaker RL. (amazon.com)
Amazon SageMaker RL includes pre-built RL libraries and algorithms that make it easy to get started with reinforcement learning. (amazon.com)
For more information, see Amazon SageMaker RL - Managed Reinforcement Learning with Amazon Sagemaker . (amazon.com)
Reinforcement learning has shown promise in solving problems across multiple domains, such as portfolio management, energy optimization, and robotics. (amazon.com)
Master the Concepts of Reinforcement Learning. (coursera.org)
Build a Reinforcement Learning system for sequential decision making. (coursera.org)
Understand how to formalize your task as a Reinforcement Learning problem, and how to begin implementing a solution. (coursera.org)
Learn how Reinforcement Learning (RL) solutions help solve real-world problems through trial-and-error interaction by implementing a complete RL solution from beginning to end. (coursera.org)
This content will focus on "small-scale" problems in order to understand the foundations of Reinforcement Learning, as taught by world-renowned experts at the University of Alberta, Faculty of Science. (coursera.org)
Build a Reinforcement Learning system that knows how to make automated decisions. (coursera.org)
Reinforcement learning (RL) is learning by interacting with an environment. (scholarpedia.org)
Early on, we note that the state-action space formalism used in reinforcement learning (RL) can be also translated into an equivalent neuronal network formalism, as will be discussed below. (scholarpedia.org)

Fixed and variable schedules of response-independent reinforcement. (biomedsearch.com)
On average, the OT is providing reinforcement for every second response (VR 2). (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
Response acquisition under targeted percentile schedules: A continuing quandary for molar models of operant behavior. (springer.com)
Relative and Absolute Strength of Response as a Function of Frequency Reinforcement. (cogprints.org)

The rate of responding also increased as time passed within the individual intervals of a given schedule. (biomedsearch.com)
A reinforcement schedule is the pattern in which reinforcement is given over time. (sparknotes.com)
A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time elapses. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
The supervisee delivers reinforcement after the student responds correctly every second time, fourth time, first time, and third time. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided variably after an average amount of time has elapsed. (learningbehavioranalysis.com)
The reinforcement signal that the RL-agent receives is a numerical reward , which encodes the success of an action's outcome, and the agent seeks to learn to select actions that maximize the accumulated reward over time. (scholarpedia.org)
A display of individual interresponse times as a function of time in the interreinforcement interval indicated clear recurrent responding at somewhat less than 3 Hz in every bird, even after extended exposure to a schedule and regardless of the contingency. (jsu.edu)
Additionally, the forthcoming barking alert-based commands will allow users to schedule treat-tossing following a pre-set period of time in which a dog does not bark, rewarding pups for staying quiet while parents are away. (yahoo.com)

The schedule of reinforcement typically used when investigating i.v. nicotine self-administration is a simple fixed-ratio (FR) schedule. (elsevier.com)
But precisely why homeostatic mechanisms fail eventually to dampen is left unexplained, and how what in truth are typically small amounts of random noise can overpower what are generally very strong schedule effects also remains unexplained. (jsu.edu)

This idea of reinforcement is a branch of the infamous Differential Association theory presented by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1939. (bartleby.com)
Employee Behavior: "The Reinforcement Theory" Introduction The research information that will be presented in this report identifies with the topic of Employee Behavior. (bartleby.com)
The theory chosen in relation to this topic is the Reinforcement Theory, in which background information such as the history and content of the theory will be given. (bartleby.com)
The Theory of Reinforcement Schedules , pp. 1-42. (springer.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology43

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care2

Psychophysics of remembering. (1/1738)

Effects of promazine, chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on treadle pressing by pigeons under a signalled shock-postponement schedule. (2/1738)

The effects of d-amphetamine on the temporal control of operant responding in rats during a preshock stimulus. (3/1738)

On the relation between object manipulation and stereotypic self-injurious behavior. (4/1738)

Examination of ambiguous stimulus preferences with duration-based measures. (5/1738)

Rat strain differences in the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses and in the effects of diazepam. (6/1738)

The role of the response-reinforcer relation in delay-of-reinforcement effects. (7/1738)

Time and memory: towards a pacemaker-free theory of interval timing. (8/1738)

Reinforcement Schedule

Reinforcement (Psychology)

Conditioning, Operant

Columbidae

Consummatory Behavior

Token Economy

Extinction, Psychological

Reinforcement, Social

Appetitive Behavior

Self Administration

Choice Behavior

Motivation

Discrimination Learning

Intellectual Disability

Education of Intellectually Disabled

Association Learning

Conditioning (Psychology)

Punishment

Aggression

Behavior, Animal

Behavior Therapy

Self-Injurious Behavior

Reward

Cocaine

Rats, Long-Evans

Reinforcement, Verbal

Reaction Time

Research

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Probability Learning

Drug Administration Schedule

Time Factors

Generalization (Psychology)

Learning

Dextroamphetamine

Immunization Schedule

Feeding Behavior

Generalization, Stimulus

Cocaine-Related Disorders

Time Perception

Food

Fee Schedules

Self Stimulation

Escape Reaction

Food Preferences

Color Perception

Conditioning, Classical

Stereotyped Behavior

Avoidance Learning

Behavior, Addictive

Chlordiazepoxide

Autistic Disorder

Attention

Models, Psychological

Cues

Electroshock

Nucleus Accumbens

Sheltered Workshops

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Mental Recall

Psychophysics of remembering. (1/1738)

Effects of promazine, chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on treadle pressing by pigeons under a signalled shock-postponement schedule. (2/1738)

The effects of d-amphetamine on the temporal control of operant responding in rats during a preshock stimulus. (3/1738)

On the relation between object manipulation and stereotypic self-injurious behavior. (4/1738)

Examination of ambiguous stimulus preferences with duration-based measures. (5/1738)

Rat strain differences in the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses and in the effects of diazepam. (6/1738)

The role of the response-reinforcer relation in delay-of-reinforcement effects. (7/1738)

Time and memory: towards a pacemaker-free theory of interval timing. (8/1738)

Effects of d-Amphetamine on Free-Operant Response Acquisition with Imm by Mark G. LeSage

Plus it

Event Detail - Association for Behavior Analysis International

Timing and space usage are disrupted by amphetamine in rats maintained on DRL 24-s and DRL 72-s schedules of reinforcement.

The discriminative stimulus effects of morphine in pigeons responding under a progressive ratio schedule of food presentation -...

Research from Peking University Yields New Findings on Prostate Cancer (Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Schedule...

Light and Sound Studies sub-cluster 55

Plus it

IATA - Schedules Information Standards Committee (SISC)

GSA List | View the full GSA Schedule list in one place

MEDIKI • Brolucizumab Comparable to Aflibercept for DME

CMS/CSHPM Summer Meeting 2009